SCIENCE IV

Apply ItA. Get some topsoil and subsoil. Place the two kinds of soil in separate container. Plant some mongo seeds in each containers. Place the containers where there is enough sunlight. Water the soil when needed. Observe the plants as they grow. After a couple of days, compare the plants as to size and color of leaves. Explain why is it that plants in one container grew well than those in the other container?B. Look for subsoil in your garden. Determine the cause of its appearance. Can this be of help to your garden? Why?C. If erosion affects the condition of the soil in a particular area, how do you think it would affect the lives of the people and animals in the area? Test YourselfA. Read each statement below. If a statement describes or states an effect of soil erosion, write its number of in your notebook. 1. Erosion washes away soil. 2. Erosion makes soil fertile. 3. Erosion helps plants grow well. 4. Erosion causes floods. 5. Erosion holds soil together. 6. Erosion causes landslides. 7. Erosion changes the size of a piece of land. 8. Erosion holds plants in place. 9. Erosion uproots trees. 10. Erosion affects land and plants.B. In your notebook, write a short paragraph on the effects of erosion on plants, animals, and people.



GRADE 1V FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR SPRAINSAt the end of this lesson, you will be able to: demonstrate first aid treatment for bone injuries Try to Recall Do you still remember the injuries that affect our bones and muscles? Find it out byanswering the exercises below.DIRECTION: Arrange the scrambled letters in each sentence to complete the statementson bone and muscle injuries. Write the correct word in your notebook. Example: Accidents may cause JRNIUY to. 1. Muscle RMCPA is a prolonged contraction of a muscle which causes pain. 2. A RCTUFAER is a broken bone. 3. A PSNRIA is a painful trusting of a joint which affects the ligament. 4. TSAIRN is a soreness in the muscle caused by a prolonged activity. 5. SIDOLACIOTN is a condition where the bone gets out of joint. Explore After knowing/learning the different injuries of the bones and muscles, this time you will discover and experience how to apply first aid treatment for sprains. Perform the following activities with a partner as your patient. Yourpartner can be your sister, brother, a friend , mother or father. A. First Aid Treatment For a Sprain

Procedure:1. Find a partner for this activity.2. Prepare the following materials: a. an old clean triangular piece of clothb. an old clean cotton t-shirt or sandoc. mortar and pestled. herbs or medicinal plantsginger garlic kakawatiikmo mayana3. Cut the old clean cotton t-shirt or sando into strips 3-5 centimeters wide.

4. Choose one kind of herbal leaves that you can find in your backyard. Pound the leaves in a mortar and pestle.5. Apply the pounded medicinal plants on the elbow of you patient.6. Wrap the stripped t-shirt or sando to the elbow to hold the pounded medicinal plants.7. Since the sprain is on the elbow, use the triangular piece of cloth as sling.

Answer the questions based on the activity that you performed. Write theanswers in your notebook. 1. Who act as your patient in the activity? Answer: _____________________________________________ 2. What part of the body of your patient is affected by sprain? Answer: _____________________________________________ 3. What medicinal plants did you apply in the sprained elbow of your patient? Answer: _____________________________________________ 4. What material did you use as bandage? Why do you think it is needed? Answer: _____________________________________________ 5. If you learned somebody who has sprained, can you apply the same first aid treatment? Answer: _____________________________________________ 6. Why do you think its important to know the first aid treatment for sprain? Answer: _____________________________________________ 7. Why is there a need to bring the patient to a doctor after applying first aid treatment? Answer: _____________________________________________

READ AND LEARN MORE A sprain is an injury that affects the bone. This needs an immediate treatment orfirst aid treatment to prevent greater damage. Before the doctor arrives, first aid shouldbe given to an injured person. A trained individual on first aid can treat an injuredperson. If there is no available first aider, the following procedures can be applied.1. Keep the victim from using the sprained part. If an ankle or knee is sprained, carry the victim by making him sit in the arms of two children.2. Apply a cold compress or pounded herbal plants on the sprained part to reduce pain and swelling.3. Apply a bandage to the sprained part using an elastic bandage. The bandage helps avoid movement of the bones, but it should not be too tight nor too lose. A tight bandage disturbs the flow of blood.4. If the wrist or elbow is injured, put a sling to give the arm some rest.

5. If there is no more swelling, a hot compress may be applied on the injured part to improve the flow of blood or blood circulation.6. The juice of some herbs or medicinal plants like ginger, garlic, ikmo, mayana and kakawati may also be applied to the sprained area. I learned that:  A sprain needs immediate treatment to prevent greater damage  A cold compress or pounded herbal medicines applied on a swelling sprain in the ankle, wrist, elbow or waist will help lessen the pain.  A bandage around the affected area of a sprain will provide support and help lessen the pain.  Herbs or medicinal plants like ikmo, ginger, garlic, mayana and kakawati can be used to reduce pain and swelling of a sprain Apply It A. Select the statements that explain first aid treatment for a person with sprain. Write the letter of the correct answer on your notebook. 1. A hot compress on the swelling of a simple sprain in the ankle or wrist will help lessen the pain. 2. The injured person must not keep from moving. 3. Pounded herbs or medicinal plants like ikmo can be applied to a swelling sprain.

4. A triangular piece of cloth can be used as a sling for a sprain of the elbow. 5. Pounded medicinal plants can be substituted for cold compress. 6. A person with an injured ankle can be carried by making him sit on the arms of two persons.B. Read each situation and answer the questions in your notebook. 1. A boy living near your house twisted his foot while running. After a few minutes, he felt a pain and saw that his foot was beginning to swell. Since you have learned the first aid treatment for a sprain, what will you do? 2. In a basketball competition, there is always a first aider. What do you think is the importance of having a first aider in one game? 3. If you have goats, horses or carabaos that have sprain, do you think you can apply the first aid treatment that you have learned? Why? Test YourselfA. Select the drawings that show first aid treatment to a person with sprain.B. Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the best answer in your notebook. 1. What is done to reduce pain and swelling of a sprain? a. Apply hot compress b. Wash the injured area

c. Apply cold compress or pounded medicinal plants2. What should be placed in the injured area to avoid movement of the bones? a. A sling b. A bandage d. A splint3. Why should the bandage be not too loose and not too tight? a. To allow free movement b. To avoid the discomfort of the victim c. To allow circulation of blood

GRADE 1V GROWING PLANTS WITHOUT SEEDSAt the end of this lesson, you will be able to: describe how some plants reproduce asexually demonstrate ways of propagating plants asexually demonstrate the propagation of a plant from other parts: a stem cutting, tuber, enlarged root, leaf and bud Try to RecallACTIVITY 1o Read the sentences.o Unscramble the letters to know what it describes.o Write your answers in your notebook.Example: The method of growing plants from seeds. X E S U A L reproduction S E X U A L reproduction1. It develops by the union of pollen tube and ovule.DESE ___________________2. It contains the female egg cells.UOEVL ___________________3. It enlarges to form the fruit.AVRYO ___________________4. The process of transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the pistil.POILLANNOIT ___________________

5. The union of the sperm cell and the egg cell.REFTILIAZONIT ___________________ ExploreDo the following activities: ACTIVITY 1 o You will need: one piece onion water plastic or glass container o Do these: 1. Get the onion. 2. Place it in a plastic or glass container. 3. Pour water into the container. Make sure that at least ⅓ part of the base onion is in the water. 4. Record what you observed. ACTIVITY 2 o You will need: mayana plant water glass o Do these: 1. Get a stem of a mayana plant. 2. Cut some leaves off the lower part of the stem. 3. Put it in the glass. 4. Look at the cutting each day.



ACTIVITY 3 o You will need: katakataka plant o Do these: 1. Cut a katakataka leaf off a stem. 2. Put it in a cool place. 3. Record what you observed. Read and Learn More: Asexual reproduction is where there is no union of sex cells. It makesuse of plant parts like the stem, leaf or root to grow into a new plant. This kind ofasexual reproduction is called vegetative propagation. The katakataka plant develops small plants along its edge. These smallplants grow and develops root. Then they fall off the ground and continue togrow.

Some plants grow stems that grow along the ground from the parent plant.These stems are called runners. Examples are strawberry and Bermuda grass.From these runners small plants can grow. The ginger and the gabi plants have a special kind of roots. These arecalled tubers. Each tuber can produce many new ginger and gabi plants. Plants like potato and cassava grow from roots. Many plants can begrown just by dividing one piece of it and planting it in the soil. These plants caneasily grow. Plants such as onions and garlic are reproduced by planting their bulb. Abulb is an underground bud. It consists of a short stem covered with thick leafylayers.

The most common method of producing new plants is by cuttings.Cuttings are portions of stems, roots or leaves that are removed and rooted insand, loose soil or water. There are also artificial ways of growing or propagating new plants.These are grafting, layering, marcotting, and budding. Grafting is one method used in producing woody plants and fruit trees.Examples are mango, santol, durian and others. It is also used in producingornamental plants. Grafting is done by splicing together two stems. The rootedpart is called stock. The cutting joined to the stock is called scion.

A new plant may grow many stems close to the ground. Farmers coverthese stems with soil. Each stem grows its own roots. Each stem becomes a newplant. This way of growing plants is called layering. Another way of growing new plant is by marcotting. A healthy, maturebranch is selected. The bark of the stem is removed. Coconut husk with goodsoil is wrapped around the branch. Roots will come out of the branch in a fewmonths.

In grafting, a branch from one plant is attached to the branch of anotherplant. The branch from the other plant will then get the food and water that passthrough the stem of the mother plant. In budding, a bud from one plant may be attached to anotherplant. This is done by making an opening in the mother plant. Thenthe bud from another plant is fitted to the mother plant. When the budgrows, it is cut off from the mother plant and planted in soil.I learned that:  some plants do not grow from seeds.  asexual reproduction refers to the growing of new plants in other ways.  natural vegetative reproduction is the development of new plants from the roots, stems or leaves of the plant.

 artificial vegetative reproduction is the development of new plants by layering, grafting, marcotting, grafting and budding. Apply It1. You have many green leafy and yellow vegetables in your garden. But you noticed that you only have one malunggay plant. You decided to reproduce more of its kind, what are you going to do?2. Do these: o Choose one area in your garden. o Find out the name of the plants growing there. o Identify plants that undergo asexual reproduction. o Identify which method of asexual reproduction they undergo. o Record your findings in the table below.Name of Plant Method of Asexual ReproductionTest Yourself

 Read the sentences. Choose the correct answer in the hexagon. Write the answer in your notebook.Asexual Reproduction GraftingSexual Reproduction CuttingsNatural Vegetative Reproduction Bulb _______________ 1. Growing of plants from seeds. _______________ 2. Growing of plants in ways other than seeds. _______________ 3. The method of asexual reproduction undergone by a katakataka plant. _______________ 4. An underground bud consisting of a short stem and thick leafy layers. _______________ 5. A method of asexual reproduction wherein two stems are spliced together. Fill in each blank with the correct answer. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. Horizontal stems are called _______. 2. A ginger is an example of a _______. 3. An onion is a _______. 4. A tuber is an underground _______. 5. The process of growing a new plant using a part of plant is _______. Explain the advantages of the different artificial vegetative ways of growing plants.

HOW MUSCLES CAUSE BODY MOVEMENTAt the end of the module, you should be able to: Explain and demonstrate how muscles cause body movement, cite simple body activities that show the coordinated function of the skeletal and muscular systems. Try to RecallActivity 1* Find the ten words hidden in the puzzle below.* Tell whether a word pertains to the muscular or the skeletal system. VO L UN T ARYMUSC L E S WC B QROYW I MOP L E Z K O T FWE R T Y I OY K CGHU N E K J WG L O V R T Y U B V L CNRAE LGHA I J J KOH L SDSCRMS T HB F E BNE F GO J R T YNGE S SCV E A A Y N K O Z U J OWE A R I V R H J SPE L V I CBONEDGT L I MOO J AWBON E H VOK P OL V J D I GHER I OASDY XNBREAS T BONEAXHR I U Q D GWH T UWA S D F H K

Activity 2 B* Try to crack the following secret password. In each set of words below, a certain letter has been replaced by a shape. Figure out the letter that the shape stands for. Then, fill in the same shape in the password to decode the password.1. h a m 2. s t p 3. a s e 4. s t p m oon m nk iy n t val lo e gg ar m s 5. k i f e 6. p a s e ever oy seve c e n avo ExploreActivity 1 Follow these steps to make the Muscle Maker Model  For this activity you will need the Muscle Maker Model, a pair of scissors, and fastener, a cardboard and a paste. 1. Trace the diagram below to a sheet of bond paper then paste the sheet of bond paper on a piece of hard cardboard.

lower arm Upper arm

2. Cut out the model along the solid black lines.3. Cut open the slit along the black line of the upper arm piece.4. Punch holes on the four black dots. Use the tip of the scissors or the fastener to do this.5. Set the two arm pieces at right angles to each other with the lower arm on top.6. Put the fastener through the lower arm’s end hole, and the upper arm’s hole as shown.7. Put the muscle piece behind the arm pieces, aligning it hole with the other hole on the lower arm then put the second fastener through.8. Slide the end of the muscle labeled PULL through the slit.You now have an armbone and muscle model now. Try using it. Pulling the PULL tab. Describe what happens. How do you think this causes movement?Read and Learn More Your body is made up of over 600 muscle groups and more than 200 bonemuscles are attached to your bones by tough cords called tendons. These musclesand bones work together. Every moving bone has at least two muscles attached toit. One muscle contracts and pulls a bone to get you into a certain position, thenits partner contracts to pull the bone back and get you out of the position.Muscles can only move in one direction. They only contract (pull). When amuscle is not contracting, it is relaxing. Muscles have different strengths andlengths and provide different amounts of pull.

Activity 2 Try to do the following actions a. Sing b. Jump c. Open close your hands d. Sweep the floor Think about how your muscles and bones worked together in each action.Read and learn moreWhen you are at work or at play, the parts of your body move in different ways.In all these movements, bones and muscles work in a coordinated way. Whenyou eat or sing, your muscles in your face pull on certain bones to move yourmouth. When you jump or walk, the muscles in your legs pull on certain bones sothat you can move. When you sweep the floor, the muscles in your hand movecertain bones so that you can hold the broom. The muscles in your upper armmove certain bones so that you can do the sweeping motion.In everything you do your bones and muscles work together. I learned that:  Bones cannot move by themselves.  Muscles move the bones.  Many activities can be done with the skeletal and muscular system working together.

Apply It1. Explain how your muscles and bones work together when you eat, hold a book and walk.2. Explain what would happen if your body was made up of either only all bones or all muscles.3. Explain what would happen if the tendons that hold the muscles to your bones are cut.Test YourselfA. Write the letter of the correct answer in your notebook._____ 1. How do muscles work?a. in threes c. in solob. in pairs d. in fours_____ 2. How do muscles move?a. by extraction c. by absorptionb. by contraction d. by relaxation_____ 3. When one muscle is contracting, what is its partner doing?a. bending c. relaxingb. stretching d. pulling_____ 4. In how many directions can muscles move?a. one c. threeb. two d. four

_____ 5. How does walking show the coordinated work of the skeletal and muscular system? a. The bones pull the muscles to move. b. The muscles and bones pull against each other. c. The muscles push the bones. d. The muscles pull the bones to move.B. 1. List three activities that show the coordination of the bones and muscles. Explain.

GRADE 1V HOW WEATHER AFFECTS MAN’S DAILY ACTIVITIESAt the end of the module, you should be able to: Apply knowledge of the weather conditions in making decisions for the days activities Try to Recall Study the weather report below. Answer the questions that follow. Do it in your notebook. WEATHER REPORTMetro Manila: Cloudy with light winds blowing from the northeastNorthern Luzon and Mindanao: Cloudy skies with rain showersRest of the Country: Partly cloudy skiesSunrise: 5:56 AM Sunset: 6:24 PM1. What are the weather elements mentioned in the weather report?2. What is the wind speed?3. What is the wind direction?4. What is the weather condition in Metro Manila?5. What is the weather condition in Mindanao?6. What is the weather condition in the Visayas?

WEATHER REPORTManila: Stormy with very strong winds of 100-120 km/h blowing from northeastMindanao: Cloudy skies with scattered rain showersVisayas: Sunny with light winds of 10 – 30 km/hr blowing from southeastSunrise: 5:32 AM Sunset: 5:56 PM1. What is the weather condition in Mindanao and Visayas?2. What is the wind speed in Metro Manila and Visayas?3. What is the wind direction in Metro Manila? ExploreDo you listen to the early news about weather everyday? Some people do and cannotleave the house even if they have important things to do during that day. Find out why.by reaching the dialogues below. Then answer then answer the questions that follow. Mabel : Mother, it’s still very early, why is your radio “on” already? Mother : It’s your father. He wants to listen to the news specially about the weather bulletin. Mabel : But why? Mother : You know that your father is a fisherman and the sea could be very dangerous. So he listens to the radio to know if the weather will be fine. Mabel : Now I know. It would be very hard if he is caught suddenly in bad weather. So he listens to the radio so that he could decide whether to go out to the sea or not. Mother : That’s it. I also listen to the weather report specially if I’m going to the market in town. Knowing the weather conditions I could decide whether to bring my umbrella or not. Mabel : Aha! Maybe Mother you could tell me now the weather condition today so that I won’t get caught by a sudden downpour of rain on my way to school.

Mama : Sure! You may also observe the sky before leaving the house. Mabel : Yes Mother, Thanks! Questions: 1) Why does Mabel’s father listen to the radio early every morning? 2) Does her mother listen to it too? Why? 3) What lesson did Mabel learn? A. Study the 4 pictures below. Then answer the two questions for every weather condition. Do it in your notebook. 1. What kind of weather is shown? 2. What are the different activities people usually do in this kind of weather?A. 1. ___________________________ ___________________________ 2. ___________________________ ___________________________

B. 1. ___________________________ ___________________________ 2. ___________________________ ___________________________ C. 1. ___________________________ ___________________________ 2. ___________________________ ___________________________ D. 1. ___________________________ ___________________________ 2. ___________________________ ___________________________C.

 Choose 1 weather condition. Draw in your notebook the kinds of clothes appropriate to be worn and the other things you might need.Read and Learn More: Did you observe the weather today? How did you prepare for it? We observe weather conditions for many reasons. We do outdooractivities only if the weather is fine. Playing basketball or other sport activities,attending festivals and going on excursions are done during fair weather. In school we enjoy playing outdoors on fine weather. Field trips, hikingand camping are also done when the weather is fine. We also like to be forewarned about weather conditions early enough sothat we will be prepared for it. If the forecast says there will be rainshowers, thenwe bring our umbrellas or raincoats. We may put off making long trips because itis dangerous to travel during rainy weather. In case of rainy or stormy weather we are advised to stay home and takenecessary precautions. We should protect ourselves during bad weather so thatwe will not get sick. We should also wear clothes suited to the kind of weathercondition to protect ourselves.

I learned that:  it is necessary to be aware of the weather conditions for the day for our own safety.  it is also good to prepare for it.  there are activities which are best to do in each kind of weather. Apply ItACTIVITY 1  Read the weather report.  Answer the questions in your notebook. WEATHER REPORT Metro Manila: Partly cloudy, Light winds from northeast Extreme Northern Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao including Palawan: Cloudy skies with scattered rain showers Rest of the Country: Partly cloudy skies with isolated rain showers Temperature Range: 19C - 31C

1. Are you from Metro Manila, Luzon, Visayas or Mindanao? Based on the weather news, complete the following statements. I live in the city/province of ______________________ It is found in the island of _______________________ The weather is _______________________________ ___________________________________________ I can do the following: _________________________ ___________________________________________ I can wear the following: _______________________ ___________________________________________ 2. You were about to go out and you observed that it was dark outside and it was drizzling. The weather is _______________________________ ___________________________________________ I can do the following: _________________________ ___________________________________________ I can wear the following: _______________________ ___________________________________________ACTIVITY 2 Do this at home:  Observe the weather for two days.  Draw the clothes you should wear.  Write the possible activities you could do for the day.  Do it in your notebook.

Test YourselfA. Read each situation and choose which decision you will make. Support your answer. Write your answers on your notebook.1. It is a sunny day. Is it alright for Wilson and Fernan to go swimming? Yes Why? ______________________________________ No Why? ______________________________________2. The temperature is 27C. Will you wear thick clothes? Yes Why? ______________________________________ No Why? ______________________________________3. The wind is moderate as it blows lightly from the northeast. Should you prepare for a coming storm? Yes Why? ______________________________________ No Why? ______________________________________4. Metro Manila will be partly cloudy and will have scattered rain showers. Will you play outdoors? Yes Why? ______________________________________ No Why? ______________________________________5. The temperature is 33C. Will you bring a raincoat? Yes Why? ______________________________________ No Why? ______________________________________

6. Classes were suspended because of a coming typhoon. Will you go on a family picnic instead? Yes Why? ______________________________________ No Why? ______________________________________7. Mindanao will experience cloudy skies with scattered rain showers. Should you bring your umbrella and raincoat? Yes Why? ______________________________________ No Why? ______________________________________8. A fisherman is about to go fishing when he hear on the radio that there was a coming storm. He still went fishing. Did he do the right thing? Yes Why? ______________________________________ No Why? ______________________________________9. The sun is shining brightly. Kids are playing outside. Joann wants to play but she doesn’t want her complexion to become dark. So she put on a jacket. Is she right? Yes Why? ______________________________________ No Why? ______________________________________10. The temperature is about 19C. Should you wear thick and warm clothes? Yes Why? ______________________________________ No Why? ______________________________________B. Answer the following questions in your notebook. 1. Why is knowing about the weather important? 2. Why do you have to postpone an outdoor activity if the weather report says there is an approaching storm?



COMMON INJURIES ON THE MUSCULAR SYSTEMAt the end of this module, you should be able to: Identify common injuries of the muscular system Try to RecallA. Complete the crossword puzzle below. Refer to the clues to guide you. Write the answers in your notebook. 41 5 62 37 8

Down1. Muscles that cannot be controlled2. Movement of the muscles that makes it short and thick3. Help the bones move Across4. Nutrients needed by the muscles to become healthy5. What you need to observe when you stand, walk, or sit6. System of the body that gives the body shape and makes movement possible7. Muscles that can be controlled8. Tough, white cords that connect muscles to the bonesB. Below are common activities. Classify them whether they are controlled by voluntary muscles and involuntary muscles. Write the answers in your notebook.Voluntary Muscles Involuntary Musclesdigesting food drawingyawning drivingshivering exercisingbeating of the heart sneezingwalking playingExploreAfter you have worked or played for several hours, do you feel your muscles aching? Ourmuscles can also be affected by injuries.Activity : Please do the following.1. Lay one arm on a table with the palm of your hand facing upward.2. Try to open or close your hand for 30 seconds. Count the number of times you execute the action within 30 seconds. Remember to open your hand completely, then form a tight fist each time3. Do this, three or four times more. Can you make the same number of fists each time? When does your arm begin to feel tired? Which muscles are affected or gets fatigued?

Read: When a muscle becomes tired, It may feel strained and may not respond to perform an action when you want it to. Your muscles can become injured. One such injury is muscle strain, . The soreness of the muscles after prolonged use. However, strain is not a serious injury. It does not do much damage to your muscles. If you have strained muscles, take a hot bath and have a good rest. A blow to the muscle can cause a muscle bruise. A muscle bruise usually occurs when you accidentally bump any part of your body against hard objects. After that, you may noticed black-and-blue spot on the part of your body that was hurt. This is caused by blood that leaked out of the blood vessel. To prevent swelling and to lessen the pain of the injured part, apply a cold compress on it. Another injury on your muscular system is caused by torn muscles. This usually occurs when you lift heavy objects that cause your tendons to break. This is a serious injury and surgery is needed to repair the torn muscles.. The most common muscle injury among athletes is muscle cramps. Cramps is a sudden pain caused by the tightening or contracting of muscles. To relieve the pain, rub the cramped parts to make them warm so that the blood can have better circulation. Sometimes, a cramp may be due to lack of salt in the diet, so its very helpful to add a little more salt in our diet. * Answer the following questions.

1. What is a strain? 2. What can you do to lessen the pain and prevent the swelling of an injured part of your body? 3. What is the most common muscle injury among athletes? How do you relieve the pain of this injury? Apply ItRead each situation below then answer the question that follow. Write the answer in yournotebook.1. Your mother is expecting some visitors. You help her clean the house and arrange the furniture. After working the whole day, your muscles ache terribly. What can you do to relieve the pain?2. Your elder sister sent you to buy salt from a nearby sari-sari store. On your way back, you accidentally tripped on na piece of wood. At home, you notice a bruise on your leg. What can you do to prevent it from further swelling?3. Mother sent you to fetch your younger sister from a neighbor’s house. On your way, you felt a shooting pain from a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle in your legs. You could not take another step. What will you do?4. Your father is on leave from work for one month because of a severe pain in his arms . What could have happened to his arm muscles? How can you help him? I learned that….  A strain is the soreness of the muscles caused by prolonged work and play.  Muscle cramp is a contraction of the muscles.  Torn muscle is a break in the tendon caused by a strong pull.  Muscle bruise is a rupture in the muscle caused by a sudden blow.

Test YourselfA. Unscramble the letters in the parentheses below to form the name of a common injury associated with muscles. Refer to the description to guide you. Write the correct word in your notebook. 1. (SPARCM) are caused by muscle fatigue. 2. Viewing TV the whole day can cause eye (RAINTS). 3. A (ESIUBR) is a rupture in the muscle caused by a sudden blow. 4. A (ORNT) muscle is a break in a tendon.B. Complete each sentence below with the correct phrase. Write only the letter of the answer in your notebook. 1. You will experience cramps when you have a. exercise regularly. b. good posture c. your bones are broken. d. your muscles are very tired and remain contracted. 2. Toadminister the best first aid for muscle cramps a. consult a doctor b. ignore the pain c. continue using the muscles for a long time d. relax and massage the muscles 3. Exercise benefits the body by a. making the muscles lose control

b. increasing the number of muscles c. making the muscles weaker, flabbier and smaller d. making the muscles stronger, firmer, and larger4. Muscles can be healthier when one a. has enough sleep and exercise b. has enough rest and exercise c. eats food rich in protein like meat, milk and eggs d. all of the above5. The best thing to do to relieve strained muscles is by a. applying cold compresses on the muscles b. applying hot compresses on the muscles c. taking a cold bath then exercising the muscles d. taking a hot bath before resting

LIFE CYCLE OF SOME ANIMALS At the end of this module, you should be able to:  Describe the life cycle of some animals. Try to RecallIdentify the animals in the following pictures how each animal is born. Copy the table below inyour notebook. Write the answer in the table. Animal How Is It Born1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.

Explore1. Do the following: Activity 1 a. Collect butterfly eggs from the leaves of some plants and place them in large plastic jar. b. Cover the jar with gauze or a piece of cloth. c. Observe the specimen for daily changes. o Record each change observed and the date when it occurred. o2. Answer the following questions. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. How many stages did you observe? 2. What animal developed from the eggs you collected? 3. Arrange the different stages on the life cycle of this animal. Write numbers 1-5 on the blank. _____ Pupa or Chrysalis _____ Caterpillar or Larva _____ Adult Butterfly _____ Egg _____ Adult emerging from chrysalis Activity 2 1. Study the pictures below.

2. Answer the questions based on the pictures above. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. What do you notice about the eggs? Describe their appearance. 2. What comes out when the eggs are hatched? Describe its appearance. 3. When a larva grows, what changes happen to its body before reaching the adult stage? Describe how it looks like. 4. How would you describe an adult mosquito?Activity 3Here are the stages in the life cycle of a cockroach. Egg Nymph Adult  Read and answer the questions in your notebook. 1. What are the different stages in the life cycle of a cockroach? 2. How does the cockroach look at each stage? 3. What is the difference between the life cycle of the cockroach and the butterfly?

Activity 4 Try another animal. 21 days 2 days 5 days20 days 15 days 10 daysRead and answer the questions in your notebook.1. From what part of the egg does the chick grow?2. What happens to the egg yolk as the chick grows?3. What happens to the egg white?4. On what day do feathers appear?5. After how many days does a chick hatch from the egg?

Read and Learn More Life Cycle of a Butterfly Butterflies lay eggs on the leaves of plants. The egg hatches into a larva called caterpillar. The caterpillar looks like a worm. It feeds on leaves. It also sheds its skin for several times. This shedding of the skin is called molting. After several molting, it spins silk thread onto a leaf then hangs itself upside down from the leaf as well as covering around itself. This is called a cocoon and the caterpillar becomes a pupa. Many changes happen to the pupa. The wings, legs, and other parts of the adult butterfly develop. When the pupa is totally developed, the adult butterfly frees itself from the cocoon and flies away.

How Animals DevelopSome animals are born looking like their parent. Some of these animals are the dogs,carabao, cat, and others. While there are also some animals that look very differentfrom their parents. They undergo changes before they would look like their parent.The change in form of some animals after birth is called metamorphosis. The periodwhen they undergo changes till they reach maturity is called their life cycle. Different animals undergo different stages of development or life cycle. Theychange their appearance as they grow and develop. Some animals go through four stages of development. These include thebutterfly, the fly, and mosquito. They start as eggs, then they hatch into larvae aftera few days. After a few days more, they drop their body covering and a new bodycovering develops. When this happen, the larvae develops into a pupa. Finally itbecomes an adult. The process in which the butterfly develops from egg tocaterpillar to pupa and then to adult is called metamorphosis. Some animals have 3 stages of development like the cockroach. They start aseggs then hatch into nymphs. The nymphs don’t look like their parent yet. Aftersome time, they would develop into an adult fully resembling their parents. Animalsthat undergo only three stages of their life cycle is called incomplete metamorphosis.Another example is the frog. They are laid as eggs and in 5 days the eggs hatch intotiny tadpoles. After 8-10 weeks, the tadpole undergoes metamorphosis and will looklike an adult frog. I learned that:  Metamorphosis refers to the changes in form and structure during the development of some animals from egg to adult stage.  Animals undergo different stages of development.  Butterflies and mosquitoes have 4 stages namely: egg, larvae, pupa, and adult.  Cockroaches have 3 stages, namely, egg, nymph, and adult.  As they go through their life cycle, their appearance, body form, and structure change.

Test Yourself 1. These are jumbled pictures of animals. Arrange them in their proper stages of development. Describe the changes of body parts. Answer in your notebook. 12 34A.B.C. 1. 2. 3. 4. 2. Choose the correct answer. 1. Many animals develop from ______. a. eggs b. bones c. shells d. none of these 2. The stage after the egg of a mosquito are hatched is the _____. e. larva f. pupa g. nymph h. adult