ວັນນະຄະດີ_Literature_ ຄູ່ມື

7j6,n76 ;aoot7tfu -Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu $ IP[IP’3fpG [q;rvo ,kw]7e d;fcdh3fpG l5]ydao me,t;q’ ry,g0kQ |kh 3fpG fiD vvj ocdh; o;oot;q’ 3fpdkoI;j ,,n9kdG IlD 7elvo mv’,uw- cs;ograf lul5]kf lu;yw] cdh;,tou;ao [5o-6 9aomt;q’ xy’7e lul5;ao [5oIPj ’ ly'sk;q’ lo6 mvo r,q cl’l]5 yo mjvocdh; 7e,t;q’ dt-;’lbdlkmydko c]t dy]k lt4k[oa 7oQ 7;kh ;my tpklkfdkoldb lk @W!#

lk]t[ko rkdcotoedkolvo];, |hk ! I. 95fxtlq’ @ II. goNv.o & III. ;ymulvo c]t dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo * IV. dkooe.-hlnxj tdv[dkolvo _ V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo _ VI. 0h=cotoedjP;da[s^adl6fmhv’4yjo _ VII. dkog7njvows;ovds^adl6f _ ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ rkdmu I. ;aoot7tfu]k;ltw\\xaf95[ao !W !_ [qfmu ! dkodegouf c]t dko0tspkp8q;0v’;aoot7tfuxaf95[ao3fpla’g0[ $! [qfmu @ g,nv’]k;l;p’k,Ia’j ,u (& [qfmu # c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk _) [qfmu $ dv’raomulv’ [qfmu & [qf[aombdcsd75d rkdmu II. ;aoot7tfu8kj ’xtgmf !W& !@# [qfmu * ;aoot7tfus;Pfok, [qfmu ( ;aoot7tfu/iaj’ rkdmu III. myfltfu;aoot7tfu !#* [qfmu ) [qfxtrao;aoot7tfu

rkdcotoedkolvo];, ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ dkolvo;oa ot7tfu1.j6 o-oA ,fa mtp,q ldb lkg;kQ ];,F g;kQ ltgrktc,oj -oA ,fa mtp,q ldb lk xumu luj c,oj ,u7;k,le7aop’yj F grkt;aoot7tfugxao;afmtotmel;j o|’bj mluj bdlk.sh7qogxao7qofuF ,uly]tmeD ;aoot7tfugxaog7njv’zaflu9yf.9.shzjv’.lF rk.shgxao7qomuj,u9yf.9g[ud[ko c]t d;hk’0;k’F .//j ao.oveokf;klt|kwfhgxao1kj ’fuD ovd9kdoU ;aoot7t7upa’[vdg4y’7;k, gxaoz6hmuj,u9yf.9Iad-kfF [+,uvao.f9tz6drao.97qo.shI6h9adIadcr’;jkgxao-kffP;daopyj’d;jk ;oa ot7tfwu xwfFh ooA dp= vh o;kj ;oa ot7tfu c,oj rkdl;j o|’jb mlju e7oa 0v’-kf1kj ’cm9h ’y [oa skoU oadxts;aflkfma’s^kppvj ,I6hfugrktxts;aflkf c]t ]afmyxtgrou8kj ’M0v’-kfmu3j I,16.j o ;oa ot7tfugxoa l;j os^kpD ovd9kd;oa ot7tfpu ’a [vd.s7h oq gIkq Ixh6 ts;fa lkf c]t meoP,xtgrocu ];h ;oa ot7tfpu ’a gxaog7njv’fb’f6f9yf.9.sh,u7;k,Iad-kf1jk’cI’dhkoAo lj;os^kpgxao7qof6ffnj,-k[-B’.o ;aoot7tfugxaomulj 5f c]t ,u7;k,Iad-kffh;p7;k,[=]yl5fcmhD fh;pgsfoUxtgmf-kfmuj9tg]uoc]h;.o3]d g0qk9bj’;jk;aoot7tfugxaolq,[afvaole7ao p’jy 0v’-kf9t0kfglp[+wfh ltooA F dkolvo;-y k;oa ot7tfu .o-oA ,fa mtp,q ldb lkxmu u luj c,oj ,u 7;k,le7aopyj’D ;aoot7tfuc,jo;afmtotmelj;o|bj’mujle7ao0v’-kf c]t c,joxB,8e]k IPocs’j -;u fy grkt;kj ;oa ot7tfcu ,oj mob Ivocs’j 7;k,Ixh6 tl[q dko8kj ’M0v’-;u fy mwju flh tl,q c]t ln[mvfdao,kgxaog;]ks^kpglaoj 7qoD fa’j oAoF ;aoot7tfu9b’j gxao;ymtpklkf0tc|’|b’j m7ju oQ 7;kh dkog7vjn ows;F dkofe]’q -;u fy 0v’7oq .ol’a 7,q pvh oco;ooA ;oa ot7tf9u ’jb 7;owfIh [a dkolbdlkI+kIPo7Qo7;hk c]t rafmtok.sh9tg]uodhk;|hk8+Mwx grktltoAo 9bj’gsao;jk 4kh ,cu 87j ;k,Imh6 k’glf4tdfy F dtldy eF dkog,vn ’F vf5 lkstde sn^ ;-y k7;k,Ivh6 ojn M mrju k.sgh dfu 7;k,9tg]uoI5’j gInv’ c]t dhk;|hkmk’fhko;af45gmqkj oAo vkf9tpa’[+maorP’r=gmnvj F 1kd,u 7;k,ld5 voa cm9h ’y 0v’-;u fy F 1kd,7u ;k,lt[kp.9F 7;k,g[du [ko.9 8vh ’,7u ;k,Imh6 k’fkh o ;oa ot7tfu 9’jb 9trk.sgh duf7;k,g[ud[ko.9wfDh oda xkfgdida -nj x]k38 dkj ;w;;h kj ,uc87j ;k, ’k,F 7;k,fu c]t 7;k,9y’.9gmqkj oAoD ltoAoF 95f\\kp0v’;y-k;aoot7tfu.o-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu luj c,jogrnjvgxaodkog/yd madlt8kj ’M g-y’j oe7;k,-eoko.odko.-hrklk.sh4nd8hv’,u7;k,I6h1kj ’d;hk’0;k’F ,umaf ltot7t8ymufj u8+;aoot7tfula’7q, c]t vnoj MD 1

I. 95fxtlq’ ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 9f5 xtl’q 0v’dkoIPo{dkolvo0v’;-y k;oa ot7tf.u o-oA ,fa mtp,q ldb lkxmu u lju ,9u f5 xtl’q grvnj .shoadIPovtmy[kp7;k,gxao,k0v’;aoot7tfu]k;ltw\\xaf95[aowfh g-’yj lk,kf,u7;k, I6hrNo4komk’fhkoxts;aflkf8hko9addtraf/iaj’F vkg,]ydk ltw\\lhk’lk c]t xqdxad Ida lkxtgmf-kfS g0kQ .9 c]t vtmy[kpltrk[dko0tspkp8;q 0v’;oa ot7tfultw\\xfa 9[5 oa c8]j tw]pt3fpsp=hS 9n-j n0j v’oadxtraoF oaddt;uS I6hdPj ;da[[aofk[qfdk[dvoF g]nvj ’lAo c]t ot;toypkpc8wj ]pt0v’dko0tspkp8q;0v’;aoot7tfu]k;ltw\\xaf95[ao7nco;.fwfhD vtm[y kpgovN .olvj ’cl’[fq dvo <g,vn ’]k;l;p’k,I’ja ,<u wfFh lk,kf[vdxts;fa 0v’ mkj o r6,u ;q’;u9yfF vtmy[kpgoNv.oF vkj o c]t ltcf’vk]q,9yf[qfdvo <g,nv’]k;l;p’k, I’aj ,u<;yrkd[qfdvo c]t g0Qk.9ly]txtdkoc8’j wfhD vtm[y kpgovN .olvj ’cl’dvo]e <c7o]k;[+],n g8kQ < wfgh -’jy lk,kf[vdxts;fa sph=0v’ mkj o 3l,lu gf-k7er6F vkj o c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.odvo]eF vtmy[kp7;k,\\kp0v’[qfdvo c8]j t[qfwfh1kj ’4nd8hv’ c]t ;yrkd[qfdvo]e c]t g0Qk.9ly]txtdkoc8’j wfhD vtm[y kpgovN .olvj ’cl’ot;topy kp <dv’roa mlu v’< wfh g-’jy lk,kf[vdxts;fa sp0h= v’ mjko l5;aomvo [5[zko5;q’F vtmy[kp7;k,gxao,k c]t goNv.osp=h0v’ot;toypkp <dv’raomulv’< ma’ $ gs^A,F vkj o c]t vtmy[kpgsfdkomugj duf0Bo.o8vo7afF lk,kf;yrkd [qfot;toypkp <dv’raomulv’< 8vo7af 8vomu ) gs^A,mu I c]t g0Qk.9ly]txtdkoc8’j wfhD vtmy[kpgoNv.olvj ’cl’[qf[aombd <csd75d< wfh g-y’j lk,kf[vdxts;afsp=h0v’ mkj o mv’glup 37f;q’lkF vtmy[kp7;k,gxao,k c]t goNv.o7af8vo c]t lk,kfg]qkj g]nvj ’7no wfh1jk’4nd8hv’ ma’;yrkd[qf[aombd <csd75d< 7af8vo c]t g0Qk.9ly]txtdkoc8j’wfhD ovd9kdlvo;aoot7tfuxaf95[aoc]h; dkolvo;y-k;aoot7tfu .o-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu luj oU76 7;ocotoe c]t vtmy[kpgru,j g8u,.shoadIPog0Qk.9g4y’[qf[kfle7ao.odkoIPo;aoot7tfu 8kj ’xtgmfoevdu grkt;kj dkoIPo;oa ot7tf8u kj ’xtgmfd,= 7u ;k,le7oa grvjn gxoa dkol,q mP[ c]t 0tspkp7;k,I6h.shd;hk’0;k’d;kj gdkqj g-oaj ;aoot7tfugrvnj o[hko s;Pfok, c]t /i’ja mujdeoqf16j.oxB,c[[IPo;aoot7tfu.o-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu luj g-yj’,u95fxtlq’.shoadIPo lk,kfvtmy[kpgoNv.olvj ’cl’0v’[qfdvo <[aombd.o75d< ;aoot7tfus;Pfok,c8.j ooAo 768hv’.shoadIPo[vdwfh[k’95fdPj ;da[xtgmfs;Pfok,F vtmy[kpltrk[xts;aflkf c]t ltrk[;aoot7tfus;Pfok,F [vdxts;afsp=h c]t rk]tdyfdkoxtfyfc8’j 0v’mkj o xtmko 3I9j u,yoF vtmy[kpg’nvj ow0degouf c]t goNv.o0v’xB,xt,;o[qfdvo<[aombd.o75d<F g0Qk.9 ly]txtdkoc8’j c]t gIaf[qf;yrkdwfhD 2

vtmy[kpgoNv.olvj ’cl’[qfxtrao< z6hm5d9qo< c]t g]nvj ’lAo < gvhgrf< ;aoot7tfu/ia’j ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ g-’jy ,9u f5 xtl’q grvjn .soh da IPolk,kf[vd[k’9f5 dPj ;d[a xtgmf/i’ja F vtm[y kpltrk[xts;fa lkf c]t ltrk[;oa ot7tf/u i’ja .omkh plt8t;fa mu XVIII 3fpspFh= [vd-;u txts;fa sph= c]t rk]tdfy dkoxtffy c8’j 0v’;dy 8= I5p3d c]t 0v’dugfu3,xaf-a’F vtmy[kpgoNv.o8Qo8=0v’[qf xtrao <z6hm5d9qo<D 0v’;yd8= I5p3d c]t g]njv’ <gvhgrf< 0v’dugfu3,xaf-a’F vtm[y kpF 8]u k7kgovN .o7;k,\\kp0v’8vo c]t ;ry kd[fq 8vo7fa <[oa skoEmguj ,vn ’,’q c2dw,< c]t vtmy[kp7;k,\\kp0v’g]vnj ’gvhgrfwfhD ovd9kd95fxtlq’8kj ’M muwj fhltg|u,k0hk’gmy’oAoc]h; vud7;k,I6h|b’j mulj e7ao.odko IPo{dkolvo0v’;y-k;aoot7tfu.o-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu luj 767;ogvqk.9.l.j odkolvo;y-k mfy ltf;u oa ot7tf.u soh da IPo,7u ;k,Idh6 Pj ;d[a [fq xtroa ;oa ot7tf7u n s;q g]vjn ’F dtmFh6 co;7fy 37’ g]vjn ’ c]t 37’xtdv[lkh ’F g0kQ .9govN .oF I[6 dkoF dkor;q roa ]ts;kj ’govN .o c]t I[6 dko0v’ [fq xtroa ;oa ot7tfu c]t lk,kfoegvkq 8;q 1kj ’xtdv[.loj ypk,8kj ’MwfDh ltooA F dkolvo ;aoot7tfu grnvj .sh,uxtlyfmyrk[oAo 76lvo7;o7eob’g4y’xt3spfmuwj fhIa[9kddkoIPo;aoot 7tfumk’fhko7;k,I6hF madlt c]t mafltot7t8ygxao[aoskle7ao7nG !D fhko7;k,I6h oda IPo7;owfIh [a 7;k,I9h6 kddkoIPo;oa ot7tf]u ,j5 oGU !D! I6[dkoxtfyfc8’j ;aoot7tfu 3fpltgrkt.o-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu luj oadIPo9twfh,u 7;k,Idh6 Pj ;d[a ;oa ot7t]k;ltw\\xfa 9[5 oa F ;oa ot7tf8u kj ’xtgmf c]t mfy ltf;u oa ot7tfgu -oja G ;oa ot7tfus;Pfok,F ;oa ot7tfu/i’ja D 9kdooA .soh da IPolk,kf9ecodwfIh [6 c[[dkoxtfyf c8’j [fq ;oa ot7tfu f;h p7eIvh pdv’ c]t Ivh pcd;h F 9tgsoa wf7h ;k,c8d8kj ’doa .odko.-4h vh p 7eF dkoIP[IP’7e c]t dkog]nvd.-Ih [6 c[[dkoc8’j 8kj ’M.sgh \\ktl,q d[a goNv.oD !D@ govN .o0v’[fq ;oa ot7tfou da IPo9twfIh dh6 kodegofu c]t dko0tspkp8;q 0v’;oa ot7t fu]k;ltw\\xaf95[ao c]t ;aoot7tfumufugfaoj 9eo;o|b’j 0v’8kj ’xtgmfD ]kp]tvPfd;kj oAo oda IPo9twfIh mh6 ,uj k0v’g]vjn ’F ]da ltotofy wl0v’8;q ]t7vo c]t mfa ltot0v’zc6h 8’j 8tsv^ f g4y’ ltrk[-u;yf0v’la’7q, c]t ;afmtotmefhko8kj ’M muxj kdqf.o8q;9y’D 3

@D fhkomadlt ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ @D! dko2’a g,vjn oda IPowf2h ’a g]vjn ’m’a 7eIvh pcd;h c]t Ivh pdv’dg= xoa dkog/dy mda lt.odko2’a c]t 9gnj oNv.o7;k,le7ao0v’[qfxtraoF 2a’1kj ’,udko;yg7kt c]t ;y9k]tokpkodPj ;da[37’xt dv[0v’g]vnj ’F 7;k,7yf0v’z6hc8’j c]t rbf8yde0v’8q;]t7vogxao8QoD @D@ dkog;Qk g,vjn oda IPowf2h ’a c]t g0kQ .9c];h oda IPo9twfgh /dy ]kp’koF dkovtm[y kpF dko38;h kmu sn^ loq mtok388h v[.og]vjn ’ ;oa ot7tfmuy ouj da IPoldb lk7oQ 7;kh F oda IPo9tg/dy dkog;kQ .s-h fa g9oF c9,j c9’h F lk,kfg;kQ llnj ko.s7h oq 2’a g0kQ .97;k,\\kp4nd8k,m8uj vh ’dkoD ovd9kdoU9tg/yd dko.-h7eg;Qk.shg\\ktlq,da[dk]tgmlt c]t dhkg;Qkdhkltcf’vvdwfh1kj ’4nd8hv’D @D# dkovkj o oda IPog/ydvkj o;oa ot7tfum’a vkj ovvdlP’mguj xoa 7eIvh pcd;h c]t 7edvo ];,m’a g/yd vkj o.o.9D dkog/dy mda ltdkovkj o,mu ’a dkog/dy vkj og]vjn ’.ox,B c[[IPo.o-oA IPo c]t g/dy vkj oxB,m7uj 6deofq .sh.o[qfvkj ogr,uj vudfh;pD @D$ dko0Po oadIPowfhg/yd0Po8v[7e4k,F 0Poltcf’7egsaoF 0Po7edvoc[[’kj pMF 0Po]kp ’kodko7Qo7;hk8jk’MD 769t9afgxaodyf9tdedkoIPodkolvomuj8+gonjv’dao9kddkovjko [qfxtrao;aoot7tfuD #D fhkomafltot7t8y .soh da IPo,mu fa ltotmfuj 8u ;+ oa ot7tfgu -’jy 796 tgl,u lkh ’mfa ltot7t8my fju .u sch doj da IPowf3h fp lvo.soh da IPoloq .9F ,7u ;k,-ojn -,q c]t gsoa xt3spf s^n 7;k,le7oa 0v’;oa ot7tffu ;h pdko .-vh x5 tdvodkolvoF dfy 9tde8kj ’M.sgh \\ktd[a w;0v’oda IPoF 9fa govN .o;oa ot7tfmu pju kdF ’kj p .shg\\ktda[-AoIPo sn^ vkf9t9afdyf9tdeglu,sa^dl6fvnoj M mluj ’qj glu, c]t lt|v’7;k,lqo.9F 7;k,4t|af c]t dkoltcf’7;k,lk,kf0v’oadIPoD ly’j gsq^jkoU 9t96’.9.shoadIPolqo.9 ;aoot7tfu c]t gsao;kj ;aoot7tfu[+c,oj g]nvj ’pkd sn^ g]nvj ’g[nvj |kj pc81j kj ’.fD 1kdlhk’mafltot7t8y.shoadIPoF 767;olhk’[aopkdkf sn^ ltrk[dkoIPodkolvo ;oa ot7tfumluj ’jq glu,.soh da IPo,urfb 8ydedkoIPoIl6h ’yj 8kj ’MD goNv.o0v’;aoot7tfu,u75o7jk.o4kotmjugxaosa^d-j;pg/yd/qomadltrklk];,ma’gxao [qfIPomju.sh7;k,Ih6 c]t lhk’mafltot7t8ymujfu8+oadIPoD 4hkskdoadIPolk,kfrafmtok 4

dkoIPoIh6ma’lk,fhkofh;pdkog/ydsaf1jk’lt\\jeltg\\u d=9tdkpgxaooyfwlmujfuF g\\ktda[ ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 7;k,xtlq’g-yj’9tlqj’glu,.shcdjoadIPo,u[5d7t]ydmujfuoyfwlmujfug-yj’9twfh9kddkoIPoIh6 ;aoot7tfu,uf’aj oUG #D! Ih69ad.-hg;]k;kj ’.shgxaoxt3spffh;pdkovkj o[qfg]vnj ’F dk[dvo8kj ’Mm7uj 6deoqf.sh oda IPovkj ogr,uj g8u,ovdsvh ’IPo sn^ xB,xtgrf8kj ’Mmouj da IPo,u7;k,loq .9D #D@ Ih69adgIaf;Pdgxao\\j67totF ,u;ywo.o8q;gv’F g7qk]q[dqf\\kp.ola’7q,F Ia[zyf-v[ 8+8qogv’ c]t l;j o];,F ,u7;k,glplt]t8+l;j o];,g,nvj gIaf;PdI;j ,da[7qovnoj MD #D# Ih69adcdhw0[aoskfh;plao8y;ymu1kj ’,usa^ddko c]t gsfzqoF lk,kfoe7;k,Ih6 c]t madltmujwfhIa[,kgxaorNo4kogrnjvxa[x5’dkofe]q’-u;yfma’lj;o8q; c]t 7v[7q;3fpIPoIh6 9kddkovkj oxB, c]t dkory9k]tokmafltot0v’zh6c8’j d=7nrbf8yde0v’8q;]t7voD #D$ ,ou E.9Ida -kfF Ida ;fa mtotmel]y txt;oa ot7tf0u v’-kff’ja ooA F dkolvo;oa ot7tfu 796 ’jb 8vh ’deofq gxkQ \\kp;kj 9tlvogrvjn .soh da Po,du koIPoIm6h ’a lk,fkh o7n mda ltF 7;k,I6h c]t mafltot7t8yD rhv,daooAo 768hv’lhk’.shoadIPo,u3vdkfrafmtok[5d7t]yd]adltotmufj ugfaoj 0v’8oq D gxkQ \\kp0v’dkoIPoI;6h oa ot7tf0u v’oda IPof’ja dkj ;,ko9U t-;j p.s7h l6 vo;oa ot7tfu 1kj ’wfIh [a zoq fuD II. goNv.o goNv.odkoIPo{dkolvo0v’;y-k;aoot7tfu.o-Ao,afmtpq,xumu luj ,uma’\\qf # rkd c]t ) [qf7nG rkdmu I ;aoot7tfu]k;ltw\\xaf95[ao xtdv[fh;p & [qfG [qfmu! dkodegouf c]t dko0tspkp8q;0v’;aoot7tfu]k;xaf95[ao3fpla’g0[ g-yj’xt dv[,gu ovN .ole7oa 7n 7;k,Igh6 [vN ’8oQ mk’fkh oxts;fa lkfF dkodegofu c]t 0tspkp8;q 0v’ ;oa ot7tfuxfa 9[5 oa 3fpl’a g0[D [qfmu @ g,nv’]k;l;p’k,Iaj’,u g-yj’xtdv[,ugoNv.ole7ao7n [k’95fdjP;da[oaddt;u Xxts;afsp=hF dkoxtfyfc8j’ c]t 7;k,gxao,k0v’[qfdvo <g,nv’]k;l;p’k,Ia’j ,u<?D [qfmu # dvo]ec7o]k;[+]n,g8Qkg-y’j xtdv[,ugoNv.ole7ao7n [k’95fdPj ;da[oaddt;uF goNv.o[qfdvo]e <c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk<D [qfmu $ dv’raomulv’g-y’j xtdv[,ugoNv.ole7ao7n [k’95fdPj ;da[oadxtraoF goNv.osp=h 0v’ot;toypkp <dv’raomulv’< ma’ $ gs^A, c]t goNv.oot;toypkp <dv’raomulv’< 8vomu ) gs^ah,mu ID 5

[qfmu & csd75d g-y’j xtdv[,ugoNv.ole7ao7n [k’95fdPj ;da[oadc8’j F 7;k,gxao,k0v’ ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ [fq [oa mdb csd7d5 D rkdmu II ;aoot7tfu8jk’xtgmf xtdv[fh;p @ [qfG [qfmu * ;aoot7tfus;Pfok, <[aombd.o75d< g-’yj xtdv[,ugoNv.ole7ao7n [k’95fdPj ;da[ xtgmfs;Pfok,F ltrk[xts;aflkf c]t ltrk[;aoot7tfus;Pfok,3fpsp=hF xts;afsp=h c]t rk]tdyfdkoxtfyfc8’j F g’nvj ow0dkoc8’j c]t goNv.o8oQ 8=0v’xB,xt,;o[fq dvo <[oa mdb .o7d5 <D [qfmu ( ;aoot7tfu/ia’j g-y’j xtdv[,ugoNv.ole7ao7n [k’95fdPj ;da[xtgmf/i’aj F ltrk[ xts;fa lkf c]t ;oa ot7tf.u omkh plt8t;fa mu XVIIIF -;u txts;fa sph= c]t rk]tdfy dkoxtffy c8’j F goNv.osp=h0v’[qfxtrao <z6hm5d9qo<F ;yrkd8vo <[aoskoEmugj ,nv’,’q c2dw,<F dkovkj o c]t g]kqj g]nvj ’<gvhgrf< c]t dko;yrkd95fryglf0v’8q;]t7vo.og]nvj ’<gvhgrf<D rkdmu III myfltfu;aoot7tfu xtdv[fh;p ! [qfG [fq mu ) [fq xtroa ;oa ot7tfu g-’jy xtdv[,gu ovN .ole7oa 77n ;k,Igh6 [vN ’8oQ dPj ;d[a [fq xtroa ;oa ot7tfFu ,o6 rkd8kj ’Mmxju tdv[gxoa [fq xtroa ;oa ot7tfu c]t 9ecodgovN .o c]t I[6 dko0v’ [qfxtrao;aootfuD IIID ;ymulvo c]t dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo ;ymulvoc,oj ;ymumk’ s^n g8da oyd.odkol’jq 7;k,I0h6 v’7.6 soh da IPo g-’yj ;ymulvooUxtdv[ ,us^kpI6[c[[mucj 8d8kj ’dao8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,F 3fpltgrkt;ymulvo;aoot7tfud=,us^kpI6[ c[[grnvj -;j pgIaf.sh[aopkdkf.odkolvo c]t dkoI+kIPo,u-u;yf-u;k c]t gxao|hk9a[vqd 9[a .9D !D ;ymulvo xB,c[[IPo.o-oA ,oa mtp,q ldb lkxumu luj xtdv[,u ) [fq g-’yj ltg|ug4y’xts;fa dkodegouf c]t dko0tspkp8q;0v’;aoot7tfuF [qfdvoF [qfg]njv’lAo c]t ot;toypkp0v’]k;F ovd9kdoAo pa’ltg|udjP;da[;aoot7tfu8jk’xtgmfoevud7nG ;aoot7tfus;Pfok, c]t ;aoot7tfu/ia’j ];,,u ma’[qfdvoF g]vnj ’lAoF ot;toypkp c]t pa’,umyfltfu;aoot7tfuvudfh;pD ltoAoF ;ymulvo;aoot7tfumugj ;Qkg4y’xts;afdkodegouf c]t dko0tspkp8q;0v’;ao ot7tfu c]t mfy ltf;u oa ot7tfu 776 ;olvoc[[[oa pkp7n 7g6 xoa z[h6 oa pkp c]t vtm[y kp[fq IPo grvnj .soh da IPogxoa z2h6 ’a c]t 9fq dkj pgvkq l’yj m7uj g6 ;kQ D 6

4kh lvo;oa ot7tfumguj xoa [fq dvo 776 ;og]nvdgvkq ;ymulvoc[[loq mtokgxoa d,5j 7nG ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 9afc[’j .shoadIPolbdlk7Qo7;hkI;j ,daogxaod,5j g-’yj 9tgxaoxt3spf.shcdoj adIPowfh,u3v dkfltcf’7;k,7yfgsaog-y’j dao c]t dao grnvj -;j p.shoadIPowfh7;k,I6hgru,j g8u, c]t d;hk’ 0;k’ sn^ 776 ;o.-;h my lu voc[[;ry kd[fq g-’jy 776 ;ocotoe.soh da IPovkj o c]t -;j pdoa c[’j 8voF -vdskgoNv.oc8]j t8voF c]h;.shoadIPoc8]j td5,j ]kp’koF oadIPod5,j vnoj Md=xtdv[7e7yf 7egsoa g-’yj doa c]t doa D s’^a 9kdooA 7l6 ts[^5 dko]kp’ko0v’oda IPo c]t vtm[y kpgr,ju g8,u D 4hkgxao[qfg]nvj ’lAo c]t ot;toypkp767;o.-h;ymulvoc[[g]kqj g]nvj ’ s^n c[[dkoltcf’ ]t7voF s^n c[[;yrkd8q;]t7vo c]t ;yrkdgoNv.o[qfg]nvj ’d=wfhF g-y’j 9tgxaozqoxt3spffu7nG gxoa dkog/dy dko2’a F dkog;kQ F dkoltcf’vvd0v’oda IPoDDD .odkog]kjq g]vjn ’776 ;o.-Ih [6 rk[ sn^ ;fa 485 ;q 9’y xtdv[grvjn .sgh ]vjn ’gxoa 8k2’a c]t 9[a vdq 9a[.9F dkolvoc[[ltcf’]t7vo g-y’j gxaodkolq,,5f0Bo 3fp.shoadIPol;,[qf[kf8k, 8q;]t7vo.og]nvj ’ ;ymuoU9t-;j p.shoadIPoIa[I6hg4y’7;k,I6hlbdF rbf8yde0v’8qo c]t -;j p.sh [oa pkdkfdkoIPo{dkolvogxoa wx1kj ’,;j o-onj c]t |kh loq .9D @D dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dfy 9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo7l6 k,kfl’a ];, c]t g[’jy 8k,0oA 8vo0v’7,j6 7n .6 oc8]j t[fq F c8]j t0=hcotoegr,uj g8u,f’ja oUG @D! dkolvoxts;af;aoot7tfu dkolvoxts;af;aoot7tfuF 767;o7eob’ltg\\u;kj c,oj grnvj .shoadIPo,u7;k,I6hdPj ;da[ dkodegouf c]t dko0tspkp8q;;aoot7tfu fa’j oAoF 767;ovtmy[kp.sh9tc9h’ c]t g;Qkc8j [oa skmduj Pj ;0vh ’d[a 7;k,gxoa ,k0v’xts;fa ;oa ot7tfugmkjq ooA D @D@ dkovkj o c]t vtmy[kp7ela[ dkovkj o;aoot7tfu 9t,u7;k,c8d8kj ’da[dkovkj o[qfvonj Mm;qj wx grkt;kj dkovkj o[qf ;aoot7tfuoAo 9t,udkovkj oltcf’vk]q,9yfF vkj o[qfg]qkj g]nvj ’DDD ltoAoF 76lvo7;ocotoe .shoadIPog/yddkovkj oF c8]j t]adltot0v’dkovkj o.sh4nd8hv’ 3fpltgrktc,jodkovkj o ltcf’vk]q,9yf9t[+wfhIa[zqofu 4hk;jkoadIPo[+g0Qk.9goNv.o.97;k, c]t vk]q,9yf0v’ oda dt;1u kdltcf’vvdD pvh oco;ooA g;]klvo 776 ;om[q m;o7on govN .o.97;k,0v’[fq dvj o vud7A’|b’j grnvj .shoadIPog0Qk.9F s^a’9kdoAo .shoadIPowfh2a’c[[1kj ’dkovkj oD 4hklvovkj o [fq g]kjq g]vjn ’776 ;ovkj o.soh da IPo2’a dvj o sn^ .soh da IPovkj odw= fh c8.j sgh vkq .9.lvj kj o7eg;kQ 0v’ 7

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!? oadIPog7upwfhI6h9ad-nmj kj o r6,u ;q’;u9yf[=L ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ @? oadIPog7upwfhvkj odvo<g,nv’]k;l;p’k,I’aj ,u<[=L { 4kh oda IPo8v[[+7[q 4;h o.s7h c6 otoegr,ju g8,u D !D dkolvo[k’95fdjP;da[oaddt;u { 76gxaoz6h[aopkp3fp.-hI6[rk[xtdv[ XI6[rk[dkog7nvj ows;dkoxt8y;af c]t vonj M 0v’mkj o r6,u ;q’;u9yf? { 786 ’A 7e4k,loq mtokd[a oda IPof’ja oGU !? mjko r6,u ;q’;u9yf gdufg,njv;aomu gfnvo xu .fL @? mkj o r6,u ;q’;u9yf gduf16cj 0;’.fL #? [qf[kf0v’mkj o8+la’7q,]k;,uco;.fcfLj $? mkj oc8’j [qfdvo <g,nv’]k;l;p’k,Ia’j ,u<vvd.oltw\\.fL { 76vu’.lxj ts;af0v’mkj or6,u ;q’;u9yf grnjvxtdv[.og;]k[aopkpxts;afz6hc8’j D @D dkolvovjkoltcf’vk]q,9yf dkovjkoltcf’vk]q,9yf9t[+wfhIa[zqofu4hk;jkoadIPo[+g0Qk.9goNv.o.97;k, c]t vk]q,9yfg-y’j oaddt;u1kdltcf’vvdD phvoco;oAoF 767;omq[m;o7nogoNv.o.97;k,8vomu @ c]t # 0v’[fq dvovdu 7’A |’jb grvnj .soh da IPog0kQ .9D s’a^ 9kdooA .soh da IPowf2h ’a c[[1kj ’ dko vkj oF fegouodkovkj ofh;p8qogv’ c]t ltcf’7e7yf7egsao8+dkovkj oD { .soh da IPo2’a gm[a [oa mdb dkovkj o0v’rymudvo s^n 2’a 7v6 kj o X4kh ,ug’nvj ow0?D { gvkq .9.llj ’a gdflP’F 9’a s;tF [vj ox’q lP’ c]t vk],q 9fy mluj tcf’vvd X3fpzkj olP’ c]t mkj mu?D { .soh da IPozfa xPj odoa vkj oz]h6 t ! [kf8+doa wx9oq lf5 [fq dvoD { .shoadIPowfh,ulj;oIj;,.odkoltcf’7e7yf7egsao8eoydkovjko0v’\\6jgrjnvog-ajoG dko.-hlP’vkj oF 9a’s;t c]t dkoxq’lP’4nd8hv’c]h;[=L { .soh da IPog/dy vkj oltcf’vk],q 9fy 1[j6 kh oD { 776 ;od;fdkdkovkj oltcf’vk],q 9yf0v’oda IPo.o-;jq 3,’8+MwxD 20

#D dkolvogoNv.o0v’[qfdvo ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ { 7c6 otoe.soh da IPoc8]j t7oq vkj o[fq dvo];j ’|kh 1[j6 kh o c]t -vdskgovN .o0v’[fq dvo <g,vn ’]k;l;p’k,Ia’j ,u< g;Qkg4y’spa’cfLj { 76.shoadIPo8v[7e4k,8k,muwj fh-vd,kD { s^a’9kdoAo76lts^5[goNv.omuoj adIPo8v[,k c]t 8v[goNv.o[qfdvomu4j nd8hv’.sh oda IPo9fq gvkq f’ja oGU !? m8uj ’A 0v’xtgmf]k;D oda dt;wu fgh ;kqh g4’y xtgmf]k;8’A 1cj6 s,^ voy f96 ou ,cu zoj foy voa d;kh ’ .spwj rlkoF ,u-kpcfo8yfda[s^kpxtgmfg-aoj G myfg|nv8yfda[xtgmf9uoF myf8kg;aovvd8yf da[xtgmfs;Pfok,F myf.8h8yfda[xtgmfdex6g9pF myf8kg;ao8qd8yfda[xtgmfwm c]t myf8k g;oa 8dq lPj ’g|vn 8fy d[a xtgmfrt,kh D @? 7;k,l;p’k,F 7;k,v5fq,Iaj’,umk’fhko-a[rtpkdvome,t-kf0v’xtgmf]k;D oaddt;uwfhrao]tok7;k,l;p’k,0v’rk[fvdw,hxjk.o]tf6[ko.\\jF xjkw,hF oE8qd8kfF c,oj E]eg-F I6[rk[0v’lafxkj mujvkwl16xj kj fq’rq’wr c]t vnoj MD #? ,6og-Nv;afmtotmevaogdqjkcdj0v’]k; 3fpltgrktoaddt;uwfhg;Akg4y’;af45[6Iko g-aoj G mkfs^;’;P’9aoF rt[k’F wssuoF mkfvu’Ia’F ;afr6 c]t ;af8kj ’Mmuj,u-nlj P’.o]k;D ovdoAopa’g;Qkg4y’7;k,v5fq,mk’fhko-a[.ofyo lyo.ooE g-oja G [+g’yoF 7eF cdh;F gs^adF mv’F oE,aoF 4kj osuo c]t vnoj MD $? dkoI5dIko0v’9addtraf/i’aj c]t 9addtrafvkg,]ydkmuj,u8+xt-k-qo]k;D oaddt;u wfrh oa ]tokg4y’9da dtrfa /i’ja g0kQ ,kxdq 7v’]k;f;h pdkogvkq 7oq ]k;gxoa 0vh p0kh ,kh .-.h sch dj r;dg0qkD g,jnvxt-k-qo]k;8+l6hwfhw--totda[9addtraf/iaj’c]h;F vkg,]ydkwfhg0Qk,kc-d c-’ c]t gvkq ]k;gxoa s;q g,nv’0Bog-oja G dfq 00uj f6 Iufxt-k-oq ]k;F me]kpgInvo-ko[kh o-vj ’F wIoj k8kdkh F gdogvkq -[a loy g’oy mv’ c]t vojn MD gIfa .sxh tgmf]k; c]t xt-k-oq ]k;[,+ 7u ;k, lts’q[F [+,u3vdkfwfhlhk’lkrafmtokxtgmf-kf0v’8qo.sh,u7;k,9tg]uodhk;|hk 7ndao d[a xtgmfvojn MD &? xt-k-oq ]k;wflh k,da 7du oa ]d5 0oB 8l+ 8h6 kjh o9da dtrfa /i’ja c]t vkg,]dy kgrvnj dv[dgh6 vkq g,nv’]k;vvd9kd,koD oda dt;uwfgh ;kQ g4y’7;k,lk,da 7ugxoa 9yf|’jb .9fP;0v’xt-k-oq ]k; wfrh vh ,doa ]d5 0Bo8+l8h6 kh o9da dtrfa zIh6 d5 IkoF g,nvj wfwh --totc];h xt-k-oq ]k;m’a ln[8+dko8+lh6 c]t dkolhk’lkrafmtokxtgmf-kfwxrhv,MdaoD ovd9kdoUpa’IPdIhv’.shxt-k-qo]k; 9’jq I[u 8ojn 8;q lk,da 7du oa g0kQ .sgh xoa 9fy |’jb .9fP;doa grvnj dv[dgh6 ,vn ’]k;vvd9kd,koD 21

$D dkolvo;yrkd[qf ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ $D!D dkolvogoNv.o];, c]t dkoc[j’8vo0v’[qfdvo { 76cotoe.shoadIPovkj o[qfdvo<g,nv’]k;l;p’k,Ia’j ,u<xt,ko !W okmu grnjvme 7;k,g0kQ .9dPj ;d[a [fq dvoD { s’^a 9kdooA 786 ’A 7e4k,loq mtokd[a oda IPof’ja oGU !? goNv.o];,0v’[qfdvo <g,nv’]k;l;p’k,Ia’j ,u< g;Qkg4y’spa’L @? [qfdvooUc[’j gxao9ad8voL c8]j t8vo,ugoNv.og;Qkg4y’spa’L #? ly]txtdkoc8’j [qfdvo <g,nv’]k;l;p’k,Ia’j ,u< ,uvao.frQogfaoj L { 76.shoadIPoxt,ko @{# 7qo8v[7e4k,8kj ’M0hk’gmy’D { 76la’gdf c]t [aombd7e8v[0v’oadIPogvqkw;hD { 76.shoadIPoxtdv[7e7yf7egsaog-’yj dao c]t daoD { 76lts^5[7e8v[ c]t 7e7yf7egsao0v’oadIPoD { s^’a 9kdooA 7o6 erkoda IPogIfa [fq ;yrkdf’ja oGU !? goNv.o];,0v’[qfdvo<g,nv’]k;l;p’k,Iaj’,u<g;Qkg4y’7;k,l;plqf’qf’k, 0v’me,t-kf c]t 7;k,v5fq,Ia’j ,u0v’g,nv’]k;D @? [qfdvooUc[’j vvdgxao & 8vo7nG 8vomu !G c88j Qo9qoIvf<[+pv,.shI5dIko< govN .o8voogU ;kQ g4’y xtgmf]k;8’A 1cj6 s^,voy f96 ou F ,cu zoj foy voa d;kh ’.spwj rlko c]t ,u -kpcfo8fy d[a skh xtgmf7Gn mfy g|vn 8fy d[a xtgmf9ou F mfy .88h fy d[a xtgmfdexg6 9pF mfy 8kg;oa vvd 8fy d[a xtgmfs;Pfok,F mfy 8kg;oa 8dq 8fy d[a xtgmfwm c]t mfy 8kg;oa 8dq lPj ’g|vn 8fy d[a xtgmf rt,hkD 8vomu @G c8j <g,nv’]k;gxaog0f[hko< 9qog4y’<ltg\\uxAoxPj ’7e< govN .o8voogU ;kQ g4’y 7;k,l;plfq ’fq ’k,0v’me,t-kf c]t 7;k,vf5 ,q I’ja ,mu k’fkh o -a[rtpkdvome,t-kfD 8vomu #G < c8j <ovd9kdg0Qk c]t oE<9qog4y’ <gxaocdh;7kj cr’< govN .o8voogU ;kQ g4’y ,o6 g-vN ;fa mtotmevoa gdkjq cdj X;fa 4[5 I6 ko? 0v’]k;D ovdooA p’a g;kQ g4y’7;k,vf5 ,q I’ja ,umk’fkh o[+cI.j o]k;vudf;h pD 8vomu $G c8j <g,nv’]k;gIkq F 7;olt|d5 p’yj c,’h <9oq g4y’<;k’w;mh ;qj ot7vo<goNv.o8vo oUg;kQ g4y’dkoId5 Iko0v’9da dtrfa /i’ja c]t 9da dtrfa vkg,]ydk8+xt-k-oq ]k;D 22

8vomu &G c8j <]k;oUm5dgfnvfIhvo< 9qog4y’l5fmhkp ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ govN .o8voogU ;kQ g4’y xt-k-oq ]k;wflh k,da 7gu xoa 9fy |’jb .9fP;doa ]d5 0oB 8+l8h6 kh o9da dtrfa /i’aj c]t 9addtrafvkg,]ydk grnvj dv[d6hg,nv’]k;vvd9kddko7v[7v’0v’laf86D $D@D dkolvo;yrkdgoNv.oc8j]t8vo 8vomu !G g;Qkg4y’muj8A’0v’xtgmf]k; { 76vkj o[qfdvo8vomu ! .shoadIPo2a’|’bj gmnjvD { 76.shoadIPoxt,ko @{# 7qovkj o[qfdvoD { 76oerkoadIPo;yrkd8vomu ! fh;pdko8A’7e4k,fa’j oUG !? xtgmf]k;8A’16.j lL @? xtgmf]k;,u-kpcfo8yfda[xtgmf.fcfLj { 76.shoadIPo #{$ 7qo8v[7e4k,D { 7.6 soh da IPozvh6 noj Mxtdv[7e7yf7egsoa gr,uj g8u,D { 76lts^5[7e8v[0v’oadIPo c]t vtmy[kpgru,j g8u,D 8vomu @G g;kQ g4’y 7;k,vf5 ,q I’ja ,u c]t 7;k,l;plfq ’fq ’k,0v’me,t-kf0v’]k; { 76vkj o[qfdvo8vomu @ .shoadIPo2a’! gmnjvD { 7.6 soh da IPovkj o[fq dvo8k,7;k,g\\ktl,q D { 76oerkoadIPo;yrkd8vomu @ fh;pdko8A’7e4k,lqomtokdaof’ja oUG !? 7;k,l;plqf’qf’k,0v’me,t-kf0v’]k;,uspa’cfLj @? 7;k,v5fq,Ia’j ,umk’fhko-a[rtpkdvome,t-kf0v’]k;,uspa’cfLj { 76.shoadIPo8v[7e4k,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { 76lts^5[7e8v[0v’oadIPo c]t vtmy[kpgru,j g8u,D 8vomu #G g;kQ g4’y ,o6 g-vN ;fa mtotmevoa gdkjq cdj X;fa 4[5 I6 ko? c]t 7;k,vf5 ,q I’ja ,mu k’ fhko[+cI0j v’]k;D { 76vkj o[qfdvo8vomu # .shoadIPo2a’ ! gmnjvD { 76.shoadIPoxt,ko @{# 7qovkj o[qfdvoD { 76oerkoadIPo;yrkd8vomu # fh;pdko8A’7e4k,fa’j oUG !? ,6og-Nv;afmtotmevaogdkqj cd0j v’]k;,uspa’cfLj @? 7;k,v5fq,I’aj ,umk’fhko[+cI.j o]k;,uspa’cfLj 23

{ 7.6 soh da IPo8v[7e4k,8k,7;k,g\\ktl,q D ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ { 76lts^5[7e8v[0v’oadIPo c]t vtmy[kpgru,j g8u,D 8vomu $G g;kQ g4’y dkoId5 Iko0v’9da dtrfa /i’ja c]t 9da dtrfa vkg,]dy k8x+ t-k-oq ]k;D { 76.shoadIPovkj o[qfdvo8vomu $ 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { 768A’7e4k,lqomtokda[oadIPof’aj oUG !? dkoI5dIko0v’9addtraf/i’ja gxaoco;.fL @? dkoI5dIko0v’9addtrafvkg,]ydkgxaoco;.fL { 76.shoadIPo8v[7e4k,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { 76lts^5[7e8v[0v’oadIPo c]t vtmy[kpgru,j g8u,D 8vomu &G g;kQ g4’y xt-k-oq ]k;wflh k,da 7gu xoa 9fy |’jb .9fP;doa ]d5 0oB 8l+ 8h6 kh o9da dtrfa /i’ja c]t 9addtrafvkg,]ydkgrnjvdv[d6hg,nv’]k;D { 76vkj o[qfdvo8vomu & .shoadIPo2a’ ! gmnjvD { 76.shoadIPo @{# 7qo vkj o[qfdvo8vomu &D { 786 ’A 7e4k,loq mtokd[a oda IPof’ja oUG !? xt-k-qo]k;wfhlk,ad7ugxao9yf|’bj .9fP;dao7nco;.fL @? phvospa’xt-k-qo]k;9’bj ]5d0Bo8+l6h8hkolaf86L { 76.shoadIPo @{# 7qo8v[7e4k,D { 7.6 soh da IPozvh6 noj Mxtdv[7e7yf7egsoa gr,uj g8u,D { 76lts^5[7e8v[0v’oadIPo c]t vtmy[kpgru,j g8u,D &D dkolvoly]txtdkoc8j’ { 786 ’A 7e4k,loq mtokd[a oda IPof’ja oUG !? [qfdvog,nv’]k;l;p’k,I’aj ,ugxaodvo]extgrf.fL ;ad|’bj ,u9ad7eL @? [qfdvo]efaj’dkj ;oU,udkolezaf c]t .-h7ela[co;.fL { 76.shoadIPo @{# 7qo8v[8k,7;k,g0Qk.90v’g0qkg9QkD { 7.6 soh da IPozvh6 onj Mxtdv[7e7fy 7egsoa D { s^a’9kdoaho 76vtmy[kp c]t 8v[7e4k,mu4j nd8hv’.shoadIPo9qfgvqkf’aj oUG !? [qfdvog,nv’]k;l;p’k,Ia’j ,u gxaodvo]egpUomujxtdv[,u ( 7eF _ 7eF !W 7eF !! 7e c]t !( 7eD 24

@? [fq dvof’ja dkj ;,du kolezfa ovd c]t lezfa .o c]t oda dt;.u -7h el[a mguj 0kQ .9’kj pF ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ ,;j o c]t ,uI6[rk[D { lts[5^ ];,c];h <dvog,vn ’]k;l;p’k,I’ja ,<u 0v’mkj o r,6 u ;’q ;9u fy gxoa [fq dvomguj foja mk’fkh ogovN .o c]t I[6 dkol]y txtg-’jy oda IPomd5 7oq 7;o1fb 4gn xoa c[[1kj ’.odkoc8’j dvo 0v’8oq D *D dkolvo[qfvjkogruj, { [fq vkj ogr,uj ,uf’ja oGU <|hkmuvj to5-qo< <|hkmu-j k;|,5j < <dvodPh ;lk;c[[.\\<j [qfvkj ogru,j c8]j t[qf]h;oc]h;c8,j ugoNv.ole7ao c]t ,u75o7kj l6’g-y’j gxao[qfIPo s^n myf mk’.shcdvj to5-qo c]t -k;|5,j I5oj .\\wj fhg/yd/qos^+s^v,8qogv’.shgxao7qofu0v’-kfD ltoAoF g;]k76lvovjkogruj, 4hkskd,ug;]krP’r=d=.sh76oerkoadIPoxt8y[af0Ao8vogIafdyf9tde 8kj ’M7[q 4;h og-oja ;kj G { oerkoda IPovkj o[fq dvo c];h 8’A 7e4k,3fpgooA g4y’G !? goNv.o];, @? c[’j 8vo c]t goNv.oc8]j t8voD { s^a’9kdxt8y[afm5d0Ao8vo c]h; 769y’j ltg|u[qf;yrkd]tvPfD 8v[7e4k,mhkp[qf.oxB,c[[IPo !D mjko r6,u ;q’;u9yf gduf;aomu * gfnvog,lk xu !_W_ mju[hko7kpF 8kcl’pvf’nj,F g,nv’cxdF c0;’-P’0;k’D g,njvvkp5wfh * xu r+0v’gryoj d=wfhlvovkj o|a’ln3fp.-h|a’lnz6d7nG lP;lts;kf c]t lyow- gxaogvdtlkoIej IPoF r=vkj owfhc]h;gryoj d=saf0Po c]t 7vj pMg/yd 0Po9fq \\kp[oa mdb D gfnvomoa ;k xu !_@( vkpg5 royj wfh !) xu groyj wfgh l’a gxoa okprklk c]t gxoa mu @ .o9eo;o @_( 7qoD .o;aomu @( gfnvomao;k xu !_@( gryoj 4ndc8’j .shgxaookprklk16sj hv’dkomkj oz6h.spj mu;j P’9aoD mkj o r6,u ;q’;u9yf gxaoz6hoe0v’dkoxt8y;afma’gxaooaddt;umu,j u-nlj P’0v’]k;D 25

mkj o,zu oq ’kodkoxtffy c8’j dk[dvoF 37’lko8kj ’M1kj ’s;^ ’sk^ pg-oja G dvo<g,vn ’]k; l;p’k,Ia’j ,u<F<dvodhP;lk;c[[.\\<j F <|hkmuj0v’vto5-qo<F <|hkmuj-k;|5,j <F xB,w;pk dvo]k; c]t vnoj MD @D [fq dvo<g,nv’]k;l;p’k,I’ja ,<u govN .og;kQ g4’y 7;k,l;plfq ’fq ’k,0v’me,t-kfF 7;k,v5fq,Ia’j ,umk’-a[rtpkdvome,t-kf c]t ,6og-Nv;afmtme0v’-kf]k;D #D [qfdvo<g,nv’]k;l;p’k,Ia’j ,u< c[’j vvdgxao & 8voF goNv.oc8]j t8vo c,oj vu’.lj dko;ry kd[fq 0kh ’gm’y D $D dvomujrao]tokg4y’fvdw,hxkj F lafxkj c]t mq’j ok,ufa’j oUG gfvn opluj k,lugj 8kQ gvkQ vo5j ]tf[6 ko clolOxko,k]k g[du g[pu [kocp,h lufkj ’cf’fecsh, gs^vn ’dt9kpg8,a xkj g\\nvof’aj fk;lvj ’2kh xtfkgs^Nv,gIvnj gInv’ ,u’;q 7;kpm’a \\6 \\dj6 tm’y gpvn ’c[h ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ v=cvg8,a f’q d;kh ’ d;k’2ko,kh ,’ja ,mu ’a glvn cIf-kh ’ \\gu \\oA 7kj ’mtou dt8kj pc]o]ojy ]U \\\\u ]j6 ’u gs’oa /’6 dtg]oa ’g6 svn^ , g8kjq dtc8c,’w,h g4y’g,nvj pk,cff8vh ’ ]tff6 kj ogfnvoly[lv’ 8k]ej ,v’p’a c4; m’jq ok8vog-kQ 9’ja c,oj ’k,I;’g0kQ gsvn^ ’]Pogxoa czoj 8ts^vfwxm;qj c7;ho ltg\\xu oA xPj ’7e * 76cotoe.shoadIPovjko[qfIPo[qf8+wxD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo l’a gdf9kdG { dko[vdxts;afsp=h0v’mkj or6,u ;q’;u9yfD { dkovtmy[kpgoNv.o[fq dvo<g,nv’]k;l;p’k,I’ja ,u< { dkovkj odvog,nv’]k;l;p’k,I’aj ,u c]t ltcf’vk]q,9yfD { dko[vddPj ;d[a l]y txtdkoc8’j D { d;fzoq ’ko9kddko;ry kd[fq dvoD 26

[qfvjkogruj, < dvodhP;lk;c[[.\\j < ,NoUF vhkpwfh,kgsaoohv’ mv’lts;aoI6[s^+ ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 7fy 1kd0x= kdg;kQ oeohv’.shl;kj ’;vo gvkQ v’ja ,t3o.o md5 ,NoUF vdq ru7j fa g7’ja Ivh o ;oj5 ;kpmt]kp,hk’ .9rgju rr’a sda xk’mv’[+,u7j6 grkt;kj gokq ovolkh ’ gs’kq g]vN p1[j6 +;kp sk^ p]tf36 ldglkQ 0kh ,xkj rtov,|k okfmtcr’ry,cd;h vkh p9’ja g]kt]P[8kh p ]tf6gfnvo]E];j ’ ,k-vdskok’7ko [+gsoa ovh ’1mj6 u.j f ds= kds^kp;oa c];h lq,f’aj xk4t|k x;j ’ltg]1g6j ]Nvp rtpvfok’o’q ovh ’ w07tfu8k,-nj ,NoUF 9a’j c,oj wfh rkprUIej 7toy’ grkt;kj ,krkor[q d=8vh ’4ndrtwm9yf vkh p0]= v’Mg;kQ [+9fn 9k’7k;ovh p g;kQ .s7h nf’ja vkh p ltcf’7;k,Iads+ oeovh ’okfmtcr’ vkh posU ’y^ ]+kovh ’ lq,ly’j 7;k,xtlq’ 7fy Iej gr’u cr’Ida ,v[-u;’a oeovh ’ 7fy 1kddvp.9c9’h mk’.f9da [vj o 0=/kd7;k,Ida w;h 0v’ovh ’c8zj fh6 P; 0=/kd-u;’a fv,f’aj oU 7aoc,oj wfhf’aj c,h’ f’ja r-uj kpmk’rU vkh pc,oj ]’q ]kpIv, mu[j +g-qks^y’]ej cf[j =o= vkh p[+,uvoa 0vh ’ ;voovh ,1[j6 +g-kq 8fa 0kfgxoa ]vh o9vh o gsoa ;kj vkh pdvj ,dPh ; ovh ’-yIv,.9Ida r=-yfu8qo|hkF fu8qolv’8kfe fu8oq 7exkdg;kQ 27

s^n;kj ovh ’-yg;kQ [z+ kp3zfdo6 k ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ s^n;kj 7koe.z [+xvj p;k’,kwfh s^n[+r=.9f;h p fv,IP,I[6 [+7vj ’ 0=.svh ;ovoj5 ovh ’ ]v’g;kQ .srh 2uj ’a cfmj vh o [+,ug,vnj -[y k’g[kq ovh ’gIpu mk’rouj UF 8’A c,oj Ida s+ovh ’ pvfok’7oq 3dh c8;j kj IP,F [+c,oj g,qkoegsao ’k,xkoI[6 s^+ [+c,oj g,qkF oec83j 87u’ovh ’ c80j v’gvgh 7vnj ’m’q [+c,oj g,kq ’fb ’=h zlh6 k;c8’j cx’dkpovh ’gIpu \\ojn 7oq ,kc];h vkh p[+s’q^ pdq pvh ’ 8kfe7Y;d’qj M vkh pwfgh soa \\pj6 ’y ,su ^kp c4,.sh8n,j fe [k’7qoc;;;k;]E dPh ’gvfu g8fu [+,su =^ c8cj ,oj -’q groyj c8h, .\\,j kxo5 c8,h feM7n;kj gokqj [k’7oq ooA F 7Y;d=s^dq vvd-E voa ooAa ;kj c,oj ’k, c];h 9’yj gvkq fyol= g0kQ cx’h vk[xkoxo6 c7,Iu,8kF g0kq d=gvkq luc8,h f’ja sto5,koIhkp gvkq l0u P;8,jn g0kQ cf’xkooE7’ja c;oj c8,h c4,g]Nvp1[j6 +g-kq |kh -e37d3,ddkh , raffaf8,nj .sh,aospv’ cd,h rfa cf’Io6 M ;kj c,oj 7nok’2kh lv’Iu,lq[F d=]t[kpluc8h, d=fafcx’.sh,aod6f [kfgroyj dyovusp’a F d=8vh ’cp’ c/’dPh ;dvfdoa gvkq g0,a 0fa ddq z,q z,q grojy [0+ vfgdkQ /2+ ’q gxoa x,5h gspvn ’gxoa 2v’xdq 7= mk’s’^a 8’A [kj z,q gxoa pvpmk’|kh ],q gxNv’cd;’j wd; 96f.sh0qf’hv’c’h’ ]k’rvj ’ooA c]h;d=fafF gIaf.shxkpxq,M ;k’gxoa d,5 ]’q 7kh ’ 7sn k’\\kg,nvj 2kh 28

g][a 8uoF g][a ,ngroyj d=w;h .s,h oa x’jq pk;M gvkq c[[lk;’k,g,nv’ c8’j -’q ,kg;kQ gvkq ,uf,kcs^,2kh p cx’xkp.s,h oa d’jq oElu]’q 8,nj c8h, .shcf’g0A,f’ja g]a[c,; ma’8qo38F ,uc8gj rafc8cj dh; gfp]tfkfc;;;a[ .o7]= Po9oq 7[a g7vnj ’7e7PodPh ; sP^ ;g[’jy vkrvozkh rl6 kgrojy 8,h6 s,jq ]h;oc8cj ,oj w\\rq,F ,uc8cj Ic8]j ;Q [+,u/kh p[vj o.f r;dogU rojy ,da .-h gd[u c1’j 8ou l’6 M [kfpkj ’gfuoF cv;grojy gxoa ]’5 ]’a f’ja dtgfnvocffUo grojy ,da doy cd’8,Q g0kQ |,q x’a gopu vvj o ,da c8oj voglvnj ]h= 8P’d;kh ’zkh s,jq o;, ,da c8lj ;,g7vnj ’3dh c8,h c8’j cx’dkp ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 1cj6 8rj kp.ogIvn o o’ja ovo\\vogm’U f’ja c,oj gry’cr’cmh lu-’q ;’q 7vj ’ 1kh oc8cj l’cff8vh ’ |’a goNv-ydej fe groyj [+wxIvfoE s;h pIvj ’okl;o grojy [d+ ;ofoy l[a xd6 c8’cx’[kh o 1hkoc8,j nfefkh o 8yf8,q 8yf/oj5 g][a -sy da 0kfdoh5 lo6 sPh o-[y +’k, pk,grojy vvdxkd8kh o [+gxoa s;j ’oesp’a s;’a c8oj eg’yo7e grfa roy ooy cd;h ,da c8cj o;,kgvh ltg|9oa roa dvj , dvh ’oEsv,.spoj vh p gxoa Ivh pd[= r+ = [kfgrojy wxr[q rh= 0ph= kd8kloq 9’ja c,oj ;oq ;kpmd5 I;kj ogIIoq Ivh o doy [o+ voro= vh p ;vpMIvh ’9,jq pq,,tokpkj ;phvp sy;wshIej wI 29

[kfgrojy ]]5 k[wfh l,q f’aj 7;k,,ad 9’ja c,oj f.u 97da 3ffmtpko38og8oA rc= 8gj soa .zzkh p dkpgIvn odw= x[vd wxmPj ;-vdv;fvkh ’ .sgh 0kq Imh6 ;jq g,nv’ 7oq c[[o[U +g8vN ’ -gy ;kQ g]nvj ’lyome .zskdgvkq g’oy 7e vvd,k-;o-N g0kq dc= [,.n sh wxoe[+g]vn d[vj o ovooe.zd=wfh [p+ oy Ikh p|kj pc|’ ]k’gmnvj F groyj d=cx’;kfg;kQ ;kj Iad-kfl5f.9 c8;j kj .odkogIfa rfa [+7n7;k,g;kQ g0kq [g+ vkq g,vn ’[kh o xt-k-oq gxoa .spj -vdc8cj o;-ywfh ];p]EI’ja ,u 7oq zgh6 xoa c[[oU I6[Ikj ’-y’k,l;p d=8k,mhvo ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ c,oj -y];pm’a 0v’ 7vj ’7,n kgvh c,oj -ygmgvkq s;kh o ltg|9oa ,k.lj d=c,oj ,da [+wfh ’k,]kh 7kj [+,u gxoa f’ja oUcs^tovh ’ vkh p9’ja f;j o,ksk vkh p9’ja ;k9kw0 |Pj ;;vo;koovh , 0=cd9j v,dtlafwmh oq’w;.sh7bfIej 7fb g[y’j 7erguj ;Qk glpc]h;.sh8v[,k cfmj hvo gmvnj ovU kh pc,oj dkh g;kQ -8nj k,9y’ 7yf7toy’co;.f d=;kj wxco;ooA .9r,ju kc/’/oA oeok’md5 g-kQ 7ej 7nf’aj 7erguj ;kQ ,kooA -xj6 tdko vkh p,da ovh ’-fj6 kh o m’a I[6 s^+-’q ’k, ma’75o’k,7;k,fu mujok’dtmewfh ovh ’wfwh xI[a Iv’]’q .-h xt-k-oq ovh ’ruj wxI;j ,8ulfa 868+lh6 xtl’q dh-6 kf7no 30

ovh ’c,oj 1on 1gj6 [vN ’ 7oq zv6h vdcI’’ko ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ gIfa ;Pddkookl;o dojq fyo2oa w,h \\qf-vj6 oa pv,.-h |da g[kq [+g;kQ 9,jq ,uc8-j q,-onj skh ; skodkh -pj6 k, dfq ]t[P[]’q 0Po md5 l’jy voa grojy skh , [+dtme9y’cmh ovh ’dr= Po.9vfq 3]rk3][]kj p .9[c+ o];’]Ph ; ltg\\gu ;kQ l’ja lvo [+];j ’dkproju vh ’ moj5 mPj ’g1oa ltg\\u 7vj p]t;a’]t;P’wfh .9[+;oq gI’ja Ivh o dtme8k,7afg7’aj [.+ sgh z9u da pk, mk’oU9’ja c,oj fu ]t[P[;wy oooA o[a 41n gj6 ]’u M 8’A ;kj gl’a lPj ’wfh \\dj6 v’m’a 7kh p d2= ’a 7;k,o[a 4gn 7’ja vq’7totF ohv’d=[+|kj p8U .9ovh ’d8= onj 8;q ovh ’c,oj gr’u cr’Ida oext3spf8q;8qo m’a lkpdko9fa 8’A c8Ij [6 ’k,ok,d;kh ’ [+c,oj gd’a 1vj o1kh o co;mk’xtrbf-;qj 0v’gvgh 7vnj ’7e ovh ’[g+ ,kq gdvn dd;Q ovh ’dg= ]kjq p’a vfq ovh ’[+;oq ;kpoe 8+7tokco;g-vN ovh ’c,oj ;k’wxc]h; oedoa d[= +9,jq ovh ’[+,;q 1kdwfh -k;[kh o.s-h onj [ko xtg-ou zkj 2oa wx o[a c8gj 0kQ c]toE rkdrPoroa -oA [+wfh,u.97qf 1on 1oa 9’A 1j6 doy c8gj dvn d[a g0kQ ovh ’d=gsoa dt9kj ’c9’h [+s^’q ];Q ,nf,;q pa’]tfq,rouj vh ’ md5 ovh ’d[= +1kh o .9d=,u7;k,vqf fwu xm’a sd^a \\oA .zgxoa ,yfF .zgxoa lfa 86 31

8;q ovh ’pk,1[j6 kh o d=gIfa wIoj kl;o ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ I;j ,dt[;o,;o-qo gr,uj ro6 ]kpwfh ok’p’a wxco;|kh ]e]P’0oq l’jq wxI;j ,rq’rouj vh ’ cx’lkh ’d;fmk’ wxI;j ,gxoa dv’s^vo ovdooA ok’dw= fh 1pj6 k,Ida lk[kh o wx1oj6 vo.o0,5 ’q;7;kplafl’yj Ida lkgIvn o-kog0kQ -k;[hko.shxvfwr Iadlk-kp c]t py’ruoj hv’ vvd,k;oh5 xt-kdvo vvdwx88u kh o .og,nvj pk,r;dxoh5 d+foa wxoe\\j6 ok’dr= kdv’sv^ o glpc];h 9’ja 8kj ;7on m=]t,koroa -oA Ida lkfkj ofyofvo 8ulfa 8c6 8d,kh ’ ]v[p’y 8xu oQ p’y poq xtlko\\j6 .og,nvj 1on 1[j6 kh o sq;0;Exoyj ]q’ poq lfa 8,6 ks^vo d-= vh ’-+poy fu ok’dm= oq mkolh6 rtpvfok’o’q ovh ’ 9qo;kj F pqolaf864nd,hk’ p=ok’[+wf1h kj g4’y c7;oh g0fwd 7oq 10j6 ’q g0foU v;fv’qj mtoq’8q; .zd,= 7u ;k,Ida 8+7;k,p=pvh ’ .zdr= kdoa pvh ’ xk’mv’ltg\\gu dkjq 9oq -kj wxm;jq gmkQ dtmelhk’wIoj k ovh ’p’a Iej IPo|’a ln xkooAoF ohv’d=pa’[+wfh gd’ja rc= I’c];h p’a [+,;q g,kq sp’a dkog,vn ’md5 1kj ’ p’a 1gj6 okq .osvh ’ gsou |kh xt\\kf.z I;j ,gzkjq r’q roju hv’ .og,nvj pk,1]j6 kh [+wfhF 4n;kj 8qofug]uf IPo-cj6 o;dko[kh o [+wfh75pv;fvhk’ 32

gxaoco;oAoF ohv’9’ja wfh7n[dkh ; 0Bol]6j tf[a l6’ lk,kf9’6 .9/’6 grvnj op’y m’a 7kh p rvh ,rej doa gfou pkh p 8k,mk’xt8y;af grvnj xt1fa g]vn fgovN .sh]k;wfhg0Qklw6j - voa oUcs^tgIfa .sh vkh pIej 7toy’s^kp vkh pc,oj ]’q lkplf5 [+s^udwxwdIkh ’ vkh p0g= okq ovolkh ’ xk’mv’lt4yfI;j , \\kp-yovoI;j ,l;h , zv’gmkQ -;jq -u;’a ovh ’gIupD ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 33

mkj o r6,u ;q’;u9yf da[7no,k;P’w- c]twfhIa[dko8hvoIa[1kj ’vq[v5oj 9kdສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ xtmko l5rko5;q’ s^a’9kdg-aolaopk;P’9ao .o;aomu @! d5,rk xu !_(# c]h;D rymug-aolaopk;P’9ao .o;aomu @! d5,rk xu !_(#D 34

mkj o r6,u ;q’;u9yf oerk7totz6hcmoradxt-k-qoxt8y;af]k; ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ wx1hP,1k,xtgmf,q’3d]u xu !_(*D mkj o r6,u ;q’;u9yf g0Qkrq[ltskpivocodgdu c]t rao]tpks^a’9kdI;j ,lts^v’ ;aodkd,kd muj lDxDp !_(_D 35

mujxtgmf lDx Iq’dk]uF ltskp1k3of dkfk wfh.shdko8hvoIa[mkj o r6,u ;q’;u9yf ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 1kj ’vq[v5oj .o3vdkf ;aomu ! rbfltrk xu!_)WD mkj o r,6 u ;’q ;9u fy .slh erkf0kj ;rkp.o c]t 8kj ’xtgmfgovjn ’.o3vdkflts^v’;oa -kf 36

ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ mkj o r,6 u ;’q ;9u fy I;j ,xd6 8oQ w,dh [a gpkq ;t-oq ;oa mu !}*}!_)( 37

ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ mkj o r,6 u ;’q ;9u fy ,v[]k’;oa .sgh fda mpju kfwfwh --tot .odkoxtd;fgl’a gr’gfda c]t gpkq ;t-oq 38

7vortgr’a ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 8kfd;k’-u 39

m’jq ok ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ rtmkfs;^ ’;P’9oa 40

[qfmu # ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ dvo]ec7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk lD gf-k g;]k ) -q;j 3,’ I. 95fxtlq’ grvjn .soh da IPolk,kfG { [vdxts;afsp=h0v’ mkj o 3l,lu gf-k7er6wfhD { vkj o c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o[qfdvo]e < c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk < wfhD { vtmy[kp7;k,\\kp0v’[qfdvo c8]j t[qfwfh1kj ’4nd8hv’D { ;yrkd[fq dvowfDh { g0Qk.9ly]txtdkoxtfyfc8’j wfhD II. goNv.o8Qo8= { [k’95fdPj ;da[oaddt;u 3l,lu gf-k7er6 { goNv.o[qfdvo]e <c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk<D { vkj o c]t ;yrkdgoNv.o[qfdvo]e <c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk< III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo { xB,c[[IPo c]t 76,j n76;y-k;aoot7tfu -Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu luDj { I6[rk[c7oF I6[7qogxkqj c7o s^n c7o8q;9y’m7uj 6lk,kfsk,kwfhD IV. dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dkooeg0Qkl6j[qfIPoG { 7o6 eg0kQ l[j6 fq IPof;h pdkolkh ’[oa pkdkfF vkf9tIvh ’gr’F 0[a s^n ]e d=wfh govjn ’9kd ;kj .o-;jq 3,’oU9twfIh PodPj ;d[a dvo]eF s^’a 9kdooA m;o7no[fq IPogdkjq D { dkom;o[fq IPogdkjq 786 vh ’8’A 7e4k,3fpg]’ja .lgj ovnh .ole7oa f’ja oGU !? [fq IPozkj o,kIPodPj ;d[a sp’a L @? goNv.og;Qkg4y’spa’L { dvj o9tg0Qkl6[j qfIPo.\\7j 6vkf9tltg|u];,MdPj ;da[c7o]k; s^n [qfvnoj Mmurj q;raoda[ [fq IPog-oja ;kj G 41

{ c7oc,oj fqo8uxtgrf.fL ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ { .oshv’IPo,uz6h.fgxkqj c7ogxaocfLj !D dkolvo[k’95fdjP;da[oaddt;uD { 746 k,oda IPo;kj G !? oadIPog7upwfhpyo-n0j v’ mkj o 3l,lu gf-k7er6 [=L @? g7upvkj oxB,dvo0v’groyj [=L { 76ltg|udPj ;da[oaddt;u c]t 7;k,gxao,k0v’[qfdvo]e <c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk<D { 786 ’A 7e4k,loq mtokd[a oda IPo],j5 oGU !? mkj o 3l,lu gf-k7er6 gdufg,njvF ;aomuF gfnvoF xu.f L @? mkj o 3l,lu gf-k7er6 ,uok,xkddk;kj co;.fL #? .oxu !_*!{!_(! mkj o,u|hkmuIa[zyf-v[spa’L $? .oxu !_)!{!_)) mkj o,u|hkmuIa[zyf-v[spa’L &? [qfdvo mevyf 0v’mkj o-n;j jkco;.fL c]t ry,vvd.oxu.fL *? [qfdvo]e <c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk< .oxB,dvo]e.fL ry,vvd.oxu.fL { 76c[’j oadIPovvdgxaod,5j 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq, c]t lqomtok8k,7e4k,D { 7.6 soh da IPo0oB ]kp’ko8k,7e4k,D { 7.6 soh da IPozvh6 ojn Mxtdv[7e7fy 7egsoa D { 7-6 ,q g-pu sn^ .s7h tcoocdoj da IPogxoa [k’d,j5 sn^ [d5 7oq m]ju kp’ko c]t xtdv[7egsoa wfhfuD { 7l6 ts^[5 7e8v[.soh da IPom4uj nd8vh ’f’ja oUG !? mkj o 3l,lu gf-k7er6 gdufg,nvj ;aomu @( ly’sk xu !_@*D @? mkj o 3l,lu gf-k7er6 ,uok,xkddk;kj lD gf-kD #? .oxu !_*!{!_(! mkj o,u|hkmuIa[zyf-v[;Pd’ko7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfD $? .oxu !_)!{!_)) mkj o,|u kh mIu [a zfy -v[gxoa Iv’]fa 4t,oq 8Xu ]fa 4t,oq 8-u ;j p;kj dko? dt-;’;afmtotmeD &? [qfdvo mevyf 0v’mkj o-n;j kj < gxao7qo-kf.f8hv’Iad-kfoAo< ry,xu!_$*D *? [fq dvo]e <c7o]k;[+]n,g8kQ < .oxB,dvo]epkj ’lv’0kgvkq 8kwxdvj or,y vvd.o xu !_)@D 42

@D dkolvogoNv.o[qfdvo]e <c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk< ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ { 76vtmy[kp7;k,\\kp0v’c7o c]t xP[mP[]6dc7o.ldj a[7;k,lk,ad7u0v’xt-k -oq ]k;D { 76gvqkc7o]k; s^n I6[c7o 0Bo,kvtmy[kp s^n gxqkj c7o .shoadIPo2a’D { 4kh 7g6 xkjq c7o[g+ xoa vkfltg|.u soh da IPo0oB dtfko,kgxkjq c7ogrvjn lkh ’[oa pkdkf X4kh ,u g’vnj ow0? { 4hkoadIPoz6h,u7;k,lk,kffhkodko0a[F ]e d=.shoadIPo,k0a[F ]e .sh\\6gj rvnj o2a’D { 76cotoe.shoadIPovkj o c]t -vdI6hgoNv.o[qfdvo16[j hko s^n 16.j oshv’IPo8k,7;k, g\\ktlq,F l;j o.o-;qj 3,’IPo.shfegouof’aj oUG { 7.6 soh da IPoxPj odoa vkj o[fq dvo Xvkj ovvdlP’?F xPj odoa vkj owx9oq 9[q F grvjn .soh da IPomd5 7oq lk,kfg0kQ .9govN .o[fq dvo1kj ’4dn 8vh ’D { 7c6 [’j oda IPovvdgxoa d,j5 8k,7;k,g\\ktl,q D { 76.shoadIPoloq mtokdoa 1.j6 od,5j 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { 76gvqk7e4k,.shc8]j td5,j wx7Qo7;hk c]t lqomtokdao8k,g;]kmu7j 6deoqf.sh g-y’j ,u 7e4k,f’aj ],5j oUG !? c7oc,oj spa’L 7qo]k;.-hgrnvj spa’L @? 7e;kj <c7o< .o[qfdvo]e<c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk< ,u7;k,\\kp;kj co;.fL #? dvo]e <c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk< lvj ’cl’g4y’[aosk.fcfLj $? phvospa’ oaddt;u9b’j xtfyfc8’j dvo]eoUL { 76.shoadIPolqomtokdao c]t 8v[7e4k,D { 7.6 s8h k’|kh d,j5 0oB ]kp’koD { 7.6 soh da IPozvh6 onj M xtdv[7e7yf7egsoa D { 76lts^5[7e8v[m4uj nd8hv’f’aj ],5j oU !? c7oc,jog7njv’fqo8urNog,nv’]k;xtgrf|bj’muj8yfraoda[;afmtotme]k;,kc8j fqookoD 7qo]k;.-hc7ogrnvj gxqkj .odkoltcf’ly]txt;aoot7tfu16mj 5dmhv’4yoj 0v’ xtgmfF c7o]k;.oxaf95[aooU7qo]k;wfhvto5]ad c]t lq’j glu,c7o]k;F .sh7P’76j da[la’7q,]k;gxao8Qo;kj 37’dkogla’gxqkj c7oD 43

@?7e;jkc7o.o[qfdvo]e <c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk< ,u7;k,\\kp;jkwfhoegvqk7;k, ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ lk,ad7u0v’xt-k-qo]k;,kxP[mP[.ldj a[c7o g-y’j gxaog7nvj ’fqo8uxt9e-kf.shxt -k-oq ]k; ,7u ;k,lk,da 7du oa g\\vn od[a ]d6 c7o m,ju lu P’xtlkodoa vvd,k,lu P’m,ju ;j o c]t vvo-voD #? dvo]e <c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk< lvj ’cl’g4y’dkox5d]tfq, c]t g8Qk3I,xt-k-qo]k; .s,h 7u ;k,lk,da 7du oa grvjn rvh ,doa xdq xda Ida lkF lkh ’lkxtgmf-kf .s;h fa mtok4k;vo gxaolj;o|bj’mujle7aogrnjvxtdv[lj;olhk’7qo.\\jla’7q,oypq, fhkolt8yxaopk c]t 9yf.9g[ud[ko,;j o-noj lqf.lD lhk’.sh7qo]k;I5oj .\\,j u7;k,lk,ad7urkp.o-kf c]t Iadcr’,6og-Nvly]txt;aoot7tfuvaofu’k,0v’-kf 9b’j lk,kf\\6o.-h.shlvf7vj ’da[ co;mk’ot3p[kp0v’rad c]t ]afgxao1kj ’fuD I6hg]nvd g2AogvqkvaofuF 8A’|hkglu, 0tspkp,o6 g-vN voa f’u k,grvjn co.lrj fa mtokF oE.9Ida -kfF Ida ]t[v[.\\lj ’a 7,q opy ,q D $? pvh o;kj oda c8’j gxoa [d5 7oq |’jb m,ju ou E.9Ida -kfvoa l’6 l’jq f’ja ooA F 9’jb wfh c8’j dvo]eo0U oB ,kgxoa dkoxd5 ]tf,q xt-k-oq ]k;md5 -oq gzkjq .s,h 7u ;k,lk,da 7udoa 8l+ 8h6 kh odkoId5 Iko 0v’lfa 8D6 #D dkolvo;yrkd[qfdvo #D!D dkoc[j’8vo { 76cotoe.shoadIPovkj o[qfdvo]e <c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk< c88j Qo9qo9q[D { 7c6 [’j oda IPovvdgxoa d,j5 8k,7;k,g\\ktl,q { 76gvqk7e4k,.shc8]j td5,j wx7Qo7;hk c]t lqomtokdao8k,g;]kmu7j 6deoqf.sh g-yj’,u 7e4k,f’aj ],5j oUG !? [qfdvo]e <c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk< c[’j vvdgxao9ad8voL c8]j t8voc8.j lg4y’.lL goNv.o0v’c8]j t8vog;Qkg4y’spa’L @? goNv.o];,dvo]e <c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk <g;Qkg4y’spa’L { 76.shoadIPo8v[ 8k,7e4k,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { 7.6 soh da IPozvh6 ojn Mxtdv[7e7fy 7egsoa D { 7-6 ,q g-pu sn^ .s7h tcoocdoj da IPogxoa [k’d,j5 sn^ [d5 7oq m]ju kp’ko c]t xtdv[7egsoa wfhfuD 44

{ 76lts^5[7e8v[.shoadIPom4uj nd8hv’f’aj oUG ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ !? [qfdvo]e <c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk< c[’j vvdgxao & 8vo c8]j t8vo,u7nG 8vomu!G c88j oQ g4’y <.lgsvn^h ,ooA c,oj ]k; cmch ];h K< ,gu ovN .og;kQ g4’y dkoxPj ocx’0v’ l’a 7,q .\\pj vh o,ru da oerkF ,du koldb lkmfju 9u ’jb gIfa .slh ’a 7,q ]k;,7u ;k,9tg]ou I’j5 gIvn ’0oB sk^ p d;kj gdkjq 4kh xP[mP[.l.j ovtfufD 8vomu @G c8j <9a’;kj gxufzhk,kj odA’< g4y’ <pk;lAoIu[I;j ,dao< ,ugoNv.og;Qkg4y’7;k, lk,da 70u v’xt-k-oq ]k;[oa fkgzkjq ,kxP[mP[.ldj [a c7oF pvh o;kj xt-k-oq ]k;gIkq ,du dq g7kQ degoufc8fj qookomu,j us^kp-qogzkqj [+;kj -qogzkqj .spj s^n -qogzkqj ohvpd=wfhIy[3I,lk,ad7udaog0Qk16j I;j ,doa .ol’a 7,q D 8vomu #G c8j <co;3I,]k;F ,u9yf.9cdoj \\Ao< g4y’ <.\\]j k;fa’dhv’< goNv.og;Qkg4y’ xt-k-oq ]k;F rtoda ’koF de,tdvo-k;ok c]t r+7kh -k;0kp pvh o,urda oerkF lk,da 7udoa xdq xda Ida lk c]t lkh ’lkrfa mtokxtgmf-kf.sIh ’j5 gIvn ’l;u wy ]wxrvh ,Md[a 7;k,lk,da 70u v’ x;’-oq ]k; c]t ,udko;k’czodkosoa myfmk’wx8k,pf5 mtlkf7n,urkdmyfltfu c]t xt8y [fa 8;q 9y’.swh fzh oq leg]fa md5 ;Pd’koD 8vomu $G c8j <,umeov’ c]t goNv.o[5d|hk< g4y’ <]6dc7o[+]n,g8Qk< ,u goNv.og;Qkg4y’ c7og-y’j gxaog7nvj ’fqo8uxt9e-kf .shxt-qo]k;,u7;k,lk,ad7udaog\\nvoda[]6dc7omu,j ulP’ xtlkodaovvd,k,ulP’m,uj ;j o-onj c]t vvo-voD mP[.ldj a[7;k,lk,ad7u0v’xt-k-qo]k; .odko8+l6hlaf86mwuj fhIa[w--totgIaf.shr;dg0qk1hkodq;9qo[+lk,kf8+l6hwfhF xtgmf-kf9’bj wfhsao xPj o7ndkolbdlkF ;afmtotme c]t co;7yfoe|hk.odkorafmtokxtgmf-kfl;p’k,I’aj ,u c]t IPdIhv’.shxt-k-qo]k;lk,ad7udaoxqdxadIadlk c]t rafmtokxtgmf-kf8+wxD 8vomu &G c8j <ddq [w+ ]],n gs’kQ < g4’y lf5 mkh p ,gu ovN .og;kQ g4’y 7;k,lk,da 7.u odko8l+ lh6 fa 86 grvjn xdq xda Ida lk,o6 g-vN 7;k,v’q vkfdkh sko -ljn P’0v’xt-k-oq ]k;[oa fkgzkjq .opd5 ltw\\.\\j .shlk,ad7ndaolhk’lkrafmtokxtgmf-kf.shI’5j gInv’8ts^vfwx7P’7d6j aooAod=pa’,urklk]k; c]t la’7q,]k;muxj t-k-qo]k;wfhxqdxadIadlk 8k,c8]j tp5dltw\\,aowfhdkpgxao,=]tfqd8qd mvf9oq ,kg4’y xfa 9[5 oa oDU 45

@? goNv.o];,dvo]e <c7o]k;[+]n,g8Qk<g;Qkg4y’7;k,lk,ad7u 0v’xt-k-qo]k; [aofkgzqjk,kxP[mP[.ljda[c7o g-yj’gxaog7njv’fqo8uxt9e-kf.shxt-k-qo]k;,u7;k, lk,ad7udaog\\nvoda[]6dc7omuj.shlP’xtlko daovvd,kmuj,u7;k,,j;o-njo.ljda[7;k, lk,da 70u v’xt-k-oq ]k;.odko8l+ lh6 fa 8F6 grvjn xdq xda Ida lk,o6 g-vN 7;k,v’q vkfdkh sko -ljn P’ 0v’xt-k-qo]k;[aofkgzqjk.op5dltw\\.\\j.shlk,ad7udao lhk’lkrafmtokxtgmf-kf.sh I’j5 gInv’8ts^vfwxD #D@D dko;yg7ktgoNv.o[qfdvo8k,[af7e { 796 fa c[’j oda IPovvdgxoa d,j5 8k,7;k,g\\ktl,q D { 761kp[af7e.shoadIPoc8]j td,5j s^n [5d7qo8k,7k,g\\ktlq,D { .soh da IPo7Qo7;hkgoNv.o[qfdvo8k,[fa 7ef’aj ],j5 oUG !? 3vo=K r=c8gj xufzhk,kj odA’ c9h’lts;kj ’.o8kK pvh o,urda oerkF pvh o,udkoldb lk Ik+ IPofcu ];h ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 9’jb ,ucl’8kcd;h c;;w;.llvj ’ ,v’gsoa m;jq md5 fkh o g,nv’[kh o8kj ’s’^a ,ugoNv.og;Qkg4y’spa’L @? 9’ja ;kj gxufzkh ,kj od’A c9’h lts;kj ’3]dk ;aomu @ mao;k wfh8kj ;,kg4y’c]h; 9’jb gsoa lcu l’cd;h rt9oa gr’a 0k;zvj ’ g,d[+,k[’a 8k2kh d=.llvj ’c9’h fk;]vh ,dvj ,rt9ao ,ugoNv.og;Qkg4y’spa’L #? 9’ja ;kj gxufzkh ,kj odA’ c9h’lts;kj ’co;7yf gsoa [oa sk-;u fy 3-d-k8kg,vn ’[kh o ,lu oa pko\\kpw;h .oc7o]k;g8kQ .spj ]k;gIkq g8kQ \\wj6 fh g0kq 9’jb gvohu -]jn k; ,ugoNv.og;Qkg4y’spa’L 46

$? ,umeov’ c]t goNv.o[5d|hk lk,da 7uc0’0,jq xt8ydkolkdoq F 9da dtrfa 8onj 1kh o 38oIkh oc]oj |u grkt;kj c7of;’oU xkd;kj ,ngIfa c,oj c7og0fa c7o1e xPj osoa lk,fkh o ,ugoNv.og;Qkg4y’spa’L &? dkolbdlk;afmtotme co;7fy gfuooe|kh v;orkwxdvj o ;Pd’kovojn dI= [u Ivh o gfuodkh ;pkj ’8k, 9a’j ;kj <’k,clo’k, f;’rt9oa ;oa gr’a c7o]k;[oa g]’ l’jq gr’-,q g-pu xtgmf-kf]k;gvpu K I’aj ,ul;p’k,< ,ugoNv.og;Qkg4y’spa’L ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ *? lP’foq 8su oa dkh ; 7oq ]k;ds= oa g]’ja rkdoa gd’ja Iv[fkh o gfou dkh ;pkj opk; <]k;gvpu ]k;K g;]k3v]toK= 1kj ],n lP’-= lP’roy lP’c7o lk,da 7cu |oh c2oh xqdxhv’f;’rt9ao < ,ugoNv.og;Qkg4y’spa’L (? ddq [+w]],n gs’kQ 7]n k;[+],n \\j6 lk,da 78u +lh6 Ida lkg-vNjn -ljn P’ [vd;kj md5 l+klPh ’ lP’cs’j foq 8u p’a [+,ulP’.f -y,;j ox5oxkowfh ,ugoNv.og;Qkg4y’spa’L 47

)? lP’c7o.ld,q dPh ’ g\\vn olP’d]= t;du xP[.llj P’glf-oA lts;ao2hk[+,;j oxko ,u7;k,\\kpIv[fkh o ]afmy-kf c]t lkdqo x5d]tfq,xt-k-qo .sh8onj 8;q g8,a g8kQ ,ugoNv.og;Qkg4y’spa’L _? 3I,I;j ,doa gxoa g9kQ c7o]k;g8kQ .\\j .z1.j6 ldI= [u g8kQ doa g0kQ \\gj6 Ikq l,q ;kj c,oj ]d6 g8kQ K ]d6 g8kQ K g;kQ vvdgxoa lP’ gxoa leoP’rklk l[n ,kc8oj ko-kh ,ugoNv.og;Qkg4y’spa’L !W? ’k,Mcmh rt9oa gr’a r’q gzkjq ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ rt9oa gr’a g[’ja g8kQ cl’gs^Nv,m;qj cfo c7ogvpu c7oK 7Pfc7oh /’6 ,ko m9uj t,kId5 Iko ,kh ’grrt9oa gr’a ,ugoNv.og;Qkg4y’spa’L !!? 9’aj ;kj soa Mdkh ; c7o]k;I[u gxkjq xkdgxkjq g8kQ ,gn 9kQ 1kj ;k’ xhv’dao-kf c]t d+lhk’ gxoa |kh mpju k;oko xt8py ko8oq 0ko ]d6 c7o[]+ ,n g8kQ ,ugoNv.og;Qkg4y’spa’L !@? o[a xt,kog4’y skh roa x[u +c,oj ’kj p 9oq ,u-;nj kj vkh p ]k;g8kQ 8+,k ,k[afoUF rafc,oj g8Qkdhk;|hk dkp;kj g\\ktl,q g8kQ l’a 7,q opy ,q c,oj xt-kgxoa g9kQ ,ugoNv.og;Qkg4y’spa’L 48