Important Announcement
PubHTML5 Scheduled Server Maintenance on (GMT) Sunday, June 26th, 2:00 am - 8:00 am.
PubHTML5 site will be inoperative during the times indicated!

Home Explore ພາສາລາວ_Lao

ພາສາລາວ_Lao

Published by lavanh5579, 2021-08-11 01:50:05

Description: ພາສາລາວ_Lao

Search

Read the Text Version

g4’y 1kj ’.fd8= k, vk-Po dp= ’a ,ru k]tdfy voa .spsj ;^ ’.o8|+ kh 3fpltgrktc,oj dkog]’ja ]fa lkh ’ ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ xt-k7,q vk-Pom,ju 7u ;k,3v[gvvN vk]u 7;k,d,q dP; c]t I[a .-xh t-k-oq .swh fh rkp.oxu @W!&D grnvj [ao]5gxQk\\kpfaj’dkj ; m5dxtgmflt,k-yd9t8hv’wfhoegvqkczoc,[j qfma’lk,xt-k7q, g0Qk.ljczorafmtokcsj’-kf0v’xtgmf8qo rhv,oAo vk-Pod=8hv’gvqk.9.lj-j;pgs^nv [aofkxtgmflt,k-yd.\\j.sh,uglf4tdyf muj0tspkp8q;w;8+gonjv’D le]a[ lDxDx ]k; c]h; dkog0QkI;j ,g7nvj ows;;Pd’ko1kj ’shk;sao.ovk-Po c,oj gxaoraomtvaole7aopy’j 0v’8qoD [aofkzqoleg]af muj lDxDx ]k; pkf,kwfhoAo c,oj phvowfhIa[dko-Uoe1kj ’.dh-yf0v’dq,dko g,nv’l6odk’radF dkozao0tspkp0v’]af4t[koD rhv,daooAo d=phvo7;k,gxaog9Qkdko0v’ rtoad’ko ]af4tdvo m5drkdlj;omuwj fhoerkmq;j la’7q,xtdv[l;j og0Qk.o;Pd’kovk-Po 8ts^vf !@ xu zkj o,kD 7e4k, !D dko0Polts^[5 sp=,h u7;k,\\kpco;.fL @D xt3spf0v’dko0Polts^[5 sp=,h usp’a cfLj #D s^da dko.odko0Polts^[5 sp,=h uco;.fL [qfg/ydsaf 9’jq vkj oc];h 0Polts^[5 sp=[h fq g]vnj ’loA <\\dq g4kjq <D g,vjn ok’x;y vk[oEc];h 8kg;oa p’a [+moa ][a rF6 cffgsvn^ ’vvj op’a mk[]’q mxju kpw,ch 7,oE c]t ltmvh ogxoa g’kq gsvN^ ,p[y p[a 8k,|kh oEmwju s-^ kh MD ok’gvkq zkh xPdmxju oA fcu ];h rkf.lcj 0o r;,9tpkh p[kf8uodkh ;mevyf0Bo8t/’ja d=r=fulkp8kwxr[q gvkq ;fa 4g5 s^Nv,MD ok’gf,j nwx9[a 0Bo ,kg[y’j F ,ao|adM ,ao,u7kj ,aoc,oj lkpcv;g’yoK ok’s^P;wxvhv,0hk’D pkj o.8h]q’wx[+wd ,u7qor;,vk[oE1l6j v’lk,7qoD ok’sao|hk7no l6gj Invo ma’.9d=g8Ao[+gxaoxqddt8yD ok’[+mao7yf;kj 9twx4k,skg9Qk0v’c]h;lq’j 7no s^n 9tgvqk w;gh xoa l,q [fa 0v’8oq gv’ grkt7;k,7fy mevfy dc= ,oj I[u vvd.ssh ;fy 9kdmkj oEw;M grvjn [.+ s7h oq vojn ,kgsoa D c8mj oa mu moju k’roQ 8t/’ja dg= 9dy [a ok’vvh p g-’jy gIfa |kh skj^ 8k8ojn g7’jy pkj ’g7’jy c]oj ,kD <gsaog0a,0af g’yo0vh p[+L< ok’vvh p4k,D <[+gsaowfJ]tK< ok’xy;8v[c[[vaf8t3o,af ma’gIaflP’.shxqddt8ymulj 5fD ok’vvh pc]oj ]Y;]’q wxmkj oE 3fp[+l=sh p’a 8,nj grvnj 2kh ;-vdskl,q [fa 0v’8oq m]uj n,w;Dh d[a ,kIvfgInvo ok’xy;9a[g0a,0afg[’yj fh;p,nluloaj M ok’[+,uxtlq[dkog]vnj ’]adg7vnj ’]ad0v’ s^n g0a,0af = gxaola[muj.-h.o[k’mhv’4yjo g-yj’\\kpg4y’lkpcv;D 47

wfhly’j mu,j u7kj 0v’7qovnoj mugj Iaf8qdgIpj D ok’]v’gvqkIafcv;g[y’j ma’xyoj -hkp xyoj 0;k16|j hkc;oj ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ c];h dl= vj ’g[’jy |kh 8oq gv’ ,oa [+lfq -ojn F ,cu 8cj ;;d’a ;oq F ,cu 87j ;k,]tc;’l’q wlDDD ,7u e4k,8’A 0oB ,kIv[fkh oG <g0qk-yln[I6h;kj gIqkgxaoz6hgvqk[+L< ok’7bfD <[+,umk’I6hwfh grkt7qo]q’vk[oEmkj oU,us^kpF g;Qkwfh;kj gdnv[\\qf[hko<D ok’8v[gv’D <-y[vdr+c,fj u[+L< <4hk[vdgryjod=9e.shgvqkwxlqj’7noD c8jgIqkwfhxt8yglfok’vhvpwxc]h;;jk[+gsaoF wx xYo7;k,-ygxoa [+L< ok’xy;4k,8qogv’wx,k c]t sk7e8v[[+maowfhF .9|b’j ok’1kdlq’j 7noF c8.j 9|b’j -E 1kdwfDh ok’gxoa ]d6 lk;7v[7;q -k;okm0uj kfg0uol,q 7;oF r+c,[j +1.j6 o4kotm9uj t-N g0,a 0fa g’yo .s]h d6 wfgh ]pu D 4kh gvkq w;h ok’d8= vh ’7vpwxvdu foq d;kj 9tgvkq vvd,k.lwj fh grkt[kh omoju k’1gj6 xoa rP’-oq ot[fq ovh pM g-’jy md5 7oq I9h6 da |kh doa c]t 4kh ,zu .h6 fz|h6 ’jb gvkq g7vjn ’0v’doa wx.-h dg= xoa mIju h6 9da doa 3]fD ok’9t8vh ’7vp8w+ x .smh d5 7oq .o[kh ooU ],n g]vjn ’owU xlkdvj oD g,vjn Ivfg;]kooA c];h ok’9t[vdr+c,;j kj co;.fF gvqkg0a,0af,kc8.j lL [aoskwfh0tspkp8q;wx8,nj vud oAo7nok’9t 8hv’8q;tr+c,;j kj co;.f 9b’j 9tlq,gsflq,zqoD ok’7yfgsao|hkok’vhvp mugj xao7qo[hkofP;dao g-y’j 16sj q;[hkoD ok’gxaolk;0Bo.\\j c]t skd=g],uj .-hlkpcv;g’yog,vnj xud;kj oUD dvj o|hkoAook’.lcj 8gj 0a,0afme,tfkF r+c,[j +vto5pkf .s.h -gh 0,a 0fa g’oy grkt1kh ook’Ida lk[+d,h5 D ok’gxoa dOrkh c,,j kc8vj kp5 !W xDu g,vjn c,8j kpwx wfhluxj u r+d=gvqkg,p.\\j c]t 16Ij ;j ,-u;yf,kwfhlv’xuxkpc]h;D ok’xy;pa’9nwj fhfu8vomuxj hk-hvp c,0j v’ok’vhvpglp-u;yf phvovvd]6dc]h;glpg]nvfs^kpF ]6d8A’sqd7qo8hv’gxaodOrhkc,Dj ,oa gxoa m05 tg;mtok0v’grvnj oI;j ,[kh ofP;doa D 7fy ,kIvf8vooU ok’x;y d1= kdgvkq g0,a 0fa wxl’jq 7on F c8dj ,= 7u ;k,7fy voa |’jb ,ksda skh ,w;Dh ok’7yfc8;j kj [+,uz6h.fI6hgsaoF gvqkw;hd=7q’[+gxaospa’ s^n 4hk,ao9t,u[aosk.orkp|hk ok’d=vkf 9tgvkq wx0kpmIju kh og7vjn ’g’oy 1.j6 og,vn ’F 7;k,7fy voa s’a^ oU gIfa .soh k’g0kQ 0kh ’8oq gv’D c8lj t8y I[a zyf-v[0v’ok’d=[vdok’;kj G gvkq 0v’groyj ,oa [+fuF ,oa [k[K ok’,Ph og0,a 0fa w;fh Mu c];h vvd9kdsvh ’,kD ok’s^P;]va ds^P;c]da 7fy c8;j kj ok’vvh p -yoe,ksk1gj6 InvoD 8vo7O7on ,oN oA d;ko[kh o gvoU ]d6 [kh o-k;d;kj 7oq wx3I,1gj6 Ivn oD 7oq m4ju dn gvoU wx c,oj r;d muj]q’vk[oEmjkoAodjvo8kg;ao9t8qdfyog]adohvpD 7v[7q;]5’7q’muj8A’gInvo16j’vpmjkoEgxao rtpko[vd;kj ,uz6h.fcf]j q’vk[oE8vooAoF .o9eo;ooU,uok’xy;];,1o6j efh;pD ovd9kdoAo d=,uzvh6 k;35 l.o[kh ooUg0kQ I;j ,oelsuj kh 7oq D 48

d;ko[kh o c]t zvh6 k;35 l wfgh ;kQ ],q -da -;o c]t 0=Ivh ’.szh mh6 wuj fgh vkq g0,a 0fa ooA l’jq 7nog9kQສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 0v’gfu,D ,udko3lgs^hdaoF mevyfd=fa’7vj pMF 8+,klP’d=2qflt|aoj c8lj ts^5[c]h;[+,uz6h.fpv, I[a ;kj wfgh vkq D d;ko[hko7yfsk;ymu.\\j c]h;d=[vd;kj .shm5d7qogIaf\\qdg4qkj 3fpdeoqfgvqk8vo7O0v’ ,N8+,k gxoa ,Nl’jq \\dq g4kjq mguj Invo0v’d;ko[kh ogv’D gxoa dko.sgh ;]kcdzj dh6 tmezyfwxIoyj 8v’D ok’xy;pkj ’d[a 7nogInvo3fprtpkpk,gIfa mkj mk’.sgh xoa xdq dt8yme,t-kfmlju f5 F c8pj ’yj gIafd=pyj’I6hlbd;jk ,ao[+me,tfkD ok’I6hlbd;jk,ucl’8ks^kp76j8yf8k,ok’wxm5d[kfpjk’D g,nvj ok’wvvtcI, d=I6hlbd;kj ,ao[+gxaowx8k,c[[me,t-kfF g,nvj ok’sq; d=I6hlbd;kj ,aocsh’ dtcfh’F g;Qk9k7;k,.fd=7n;kj faf9t]yfD ok’xy;7yf|ad 9yf[+g[ud.9[+[ko 7yf1hkoc8gj 0qk9toe,k7QogInvogrvnj -vdsklkpcv;D ,N8+,k0totmuoj k’oa’j 16gj Invo 7;k,7yf]a’j g]dPj ;da[lkpcv; 8aflyo.9[+wfh;kj 9tgIafco;.f d[= +fwu fph oy lP’ok’vvh pf’a 0oB mxju kdxt8g6 0kQ [kh oD <,u.z1gj6 Invo[+L< ok’vvh pgvUog0kQ ,k.l7j oq .ogInvoD ok’xy;8dq 0t\\kj |kh 9nf s;q .9g8oA 8,5 8k,D ok’wxlvj ’xvj ’18j6 k,/kgInvog[’yj ok’vvh p murj ;,pkj ’g0Qk,k[=]yg;o[hkoD [+maofqoc,0j v’ok’xy;mugj Iaf;Pdphv,zhk\\=hoyo1s6j ^a’[hkoIhv’ 8v[;kj <xhk16rj U<D ok’vhvppkj ’dq’wxmusj ^a’[hkoma’g;Qk;kj G <dtfP;;kj [+,u.z16-j AofvdF ,yfvy,-y,j F c,xj hk 0vh p,k0=1n,0oA wfoeg9kQ wxdkj p0Bogd[a rD6 vcuj ,-j ywx1k,rouj vh ’g]up1kdwfrh w6 x8vh og0kq g9kQ <. <gvu gvqk3]fF 0Aowf160j hk’g]QksAoD gxao9a’j .fvhvpL pa’[+gsaos;t lkpcv;38L< <[+gsaookj c,xj hkD 1hkoglpg]upc]h;]tD vucj ,dj kj Ihkp;kj Iadlk0v’[+d5h,<D ok’x;y mlju ’a gdf2’a 1gj6 m’y gIvn o g,vjn I7h6 da ;kj ok’vvh p[,+ km;’4k,g]vjn ’lkpcv; dI= lh6 db 3]’j .9D ok’]’q wxskok’vvh pmguj fouj [kh oD <38-ywx.ls;t vhvpL< ok’xy;4k,3fp.shoElP’gxaodaogv’mulj 5fD <]k;;jk-ywx[hkos^ad-k; skrujohv’rkwx]q,\\=ljv’ grnjvljv’g[yj’0v’mujglp;jk-AoF [k’mu,Nvnoj ,NIn 9’bj -ywx<D wfph yof’ja oU ok’xy;cI’j xoja x;j o.o.9 c]t 2kh ;rkok’vvh pwxmguj ]kQ g0kQ [vj om0uj oA wf;k’ 1D6j ok’-;j psk,0Aowf 3fp.shok’vhvpvvd|hk8qogv’1fj6 hkos^a’D <pa’[+gsaogmnvj s;t lkpcv;L< ok’xy;4k,D <[+gsaookj gvNvpxy;F \\qfrNo-vdc]h; 9’aj c,oj glpfkp<D <[c+ ,oj 8dq oEs;t]tL< ok’x;y rtpkpk,soa gs7;k,7fy 0v’ok’vvh pmgju -vjn ;kj ,7u oq gvkq D <7n-y[+8dq fvdF 0vh pd=]v’’,q g[’yj 8k,c7,/’ja c];h d=[+gsoa <D 49

ma’lv’pjk’wxIvfxt86g0Qk[hkoF c]h;ok’xy;d=gvqk0Aowf.shok’vhvpc[dwx7qofP; ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ grkt[|+ da gdou 7;oD 7O,k s’a^ 9kddoy g0kQ c]’c];h d,= du kog8kQ 3I,1gj6 Ivn od;ko[kh ovdu D ,oN ,U 7u oq ,ksk^ pd;kj gdkjq g0kq g9kQ ,kg[’jy F ,kgxoa lda 0ru tpkogsfdko7’A oDU zmh6 ,ju ru oa mt8vh ’gvkq \\dq g4kjq ,kooA .sph kj ’ zkj osvh ’|’jb g-’jy xklt9kdz7h6 oq D g0kq g9kQ gvkq \\dq g4kjq .ldj t8kj 3fp,u co;xdq xfy dt8kj w;h grvjn [.+ sh zvh6 ojn gsoa \\dq g4kjq 0v’8oq ooA ,]u da ltot1kj ’.f m’a ogU rvjn I[a xtdoa [.+ s.h zI9h6 da ;kj \\dq .fgxoa 0v’.zD c8]j t7qo9a[gvqk\\qdg4kqj 0v’8qo;k’w;hshv’oAoc]h; vvd,ko’aj ];,da[\\16j 06j hk’ovdD ok’xy; dg= vkq \\dq g4kjq ,kf;h pD \\dq g4kjq osU f+ ;h p.[8v’d;h pF mk’.o,0u gU 4kjq F \\kdrdy voa gxoa loa pt]da 0v’ 7;k,g9[a cl[Ivh oIoq 4kh z.h6 f]da gvkq g7vjn ’7oq vojn D g,vjn dko;k’\\dq g4kjq .osvh ’ooA leg]fa c];h \\kp7;k,;kj [,+ zu .h6 f4\\n dq g4kjq ,kvdu dI= vfg;]kle7oa mmju d5 7oq 7v’7vpD d;ko[kh owx0oq gvkq \\dq g4kjq ,k;k’8+|kh md5 7oq F [+,uz.h6 fI;h6 kj \\dq g4kjq gxoa 0v’z.h6 fD -kpvk;53l7qo|bj’gIaf|hkmujw0\\qdg4qjkwxc8j]t\\qdD ]k;w0\\qdvvd1jk’]t,af]t;a’ [+2kh ;[+2’ja F 4vfw,0h fa vvdc[.[8v’ c];h gvkq w,gh 0pj 0Ug4kjq -kh MD md5 7oq g[’jy f;h p.99fq 9+D \\dq mu |’jb zkj owx 3fp,cu 80j gU 4kjq c]t \\kdrdy cf’D ]k;w0\\dq mlu v’F g0pj g[’jy lv’lk,[kfF c];h d= gvqk\\qdmulk,F m9uj y’c]h;[+g0pj s^kpd;kj oAo d=grktg0a,0afgxao0v’.spFj r=w0\\qdvvdg0pj [kf fP;d=I6h3]f;kj ,u s^n [+,uF [+7ncs;o s^n 85h,s6g-y’j 9t8hv’g0pj 1kj ’4u4j h;oD dkow0\\dq g4kjq gxoa wx1kj ’|kh loq .9D z.h6 fdg= /khq g[’jy [x+ kd[g+ ;kQ gdvn [8k[r+ [a xkog/kQ g[’jy dkow0xkdws7em0ju f5 ,k9kd.8fh oy D dkow0fegoou wxIvf\\dq mlu [y skh c8dj [= +r[q l’jy m8ju vh ’dko g]upD s^kp7oq 7yf1kh o;kj 9tgxoa dkowIxh t3spf]kh MD \\qdmuly[sqd ly[g9afF ly[cxfF c8dj =7ngdkqj D -kpvk;53l ,umkj mk’\\qfde]a’.9 c8dj =8hv’1y[gvqk\\qd8+wx,kw0D ,aogxao\\qdmuly[gdQkD ]k;4vfw,0h fa F .[8v’4ndc[vvdF 0Ug4kjq mguj xoa dv’l’6 r’a gpvnj p]’q c];h xkdfq gsoa ;fa 4g5 s^Nv,M moa muD lP’7oq 3Icj -;0BoxkocxgInvo-ysD^5 ,oa gxoa lP’fu.9,;j o-onj F lP’g;kQ F lP’s;q F gxoa lP’ 0v’z6h,kg[y’j gxaolad0urypkoF lP’0v’z6hmugj vqk\\qdg4qkj ,kF lP’0v’z6hmugj vqkg0a,0af,klq’j 7no c8[j +,u.zI6h9ad|hk c]t ryglfd=7n lP’0v’ok’vhvpg9Qk0v’g0a,0af g-’yj 8No8ao.99qooE8kws^D lP’mfju ’a 2fq lt|oja ooA ltcf’vvdg4’y 7;k,lk,da 7Iu da cr’F 7;k,[]= ly f5 9’y .98d+ oa F 7;k,gxoa ovh ’gxoa vkh pdoa g-’jy g7pu gxoa ,ko[a sk^ pg-oja 7oq D dkow0\\dq wfph f5 8]y ’q d[a \\dq mlu [y gdkQ oFU p’a vdu skh sdq \\dq g-’jy -kpzvh6 k;35 lgsoa ;kj [9+ egxoa w08+D X7af9kdxB,3I,g]nvj ’lAo <cr’c,<j 3fp v5myo [5opk;q’F |hk !#{@!? 50

[qfmu & ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ dko0Po]kp’ko;y-kdko dko0Po]kp’ko4n;jkgxaoly]txt1jk’|b’j mujz6h0Po9t8hv’.-h7;k,lk,kf0v’8qo .o dkoIP[IP’govhn .o9kdgvdtlkovkh ’v’u 8kj ’M 3fp]ef[a govhn .o0v’g]vjn ’mlju db lk7ohq 7;kh ,k 9kdcs’^j 7;k,I8h6 kj ’M .slh eroa doa 1kj ’gxoa ]t[[q ]t[P[ grvnj .szh vh6 kj og0khq .94nd8vh ’-fa g9oD dko0Po]kp’kog]vnj ’.fg]nvj ’|’bj F z6h0Po9t8hv’,u7;k,I6h7;k,g0qhk.9g4y’vq’xtdv[ c]t 0aho8vo.odko0Po]kp’kogxao1kj ’fu 9’bj 9t0Powfh1kj ’4nd8hv’ c]t -afg9oD dko0Po]kp’ko;y-kdko c,oj dkoltg|uzoq ’komwuj f9h kddkoldb lk 7ohq 7;kh Iy[3I, les;^ f sn^ xt8[y fa dPj ;d[a g]vjn ’.fg]vjn ’|’jb 1kj ’]tvPf c]t ,]u t[P[c[[czo grvjn .szh lh6 ’ja dko s^n z6h,ul;j oIa[zyf-v[wfhry9k]tok s^n Ia[-k[D !D lj;oxtdv[0v’]kp’ko;y-kdko l;j oxtdv[0v’]kp’ko;y-kdko3fpm;qj wxlk,kfc[’j vvdgxao # rkdl;j of’aj ouhG !D! rkdlj;o8qho rkdl;j o8qho0v’]kp’ko;y-kdkoxtdv[fh;p $ rkdl;j of’aj ouhG !? |hkxqdovd 8hv’0Po’k, -afg9o ,us^addko0Po7nG c[’j |hkg9hpvvdgxao # l;j oG l;j omevyf0Po-gnj ]vnj ’F l;j omulv’0Po-onj k,ltd5o0v’z6h0Po]kp’koF l;j omulk, gxoa l;j omcju 9’h ;kj ]kp’koo0hu Po0ohb grvjn xtdv[dkoldb lk;-y ksp’a F 3I’IPo.f c]t 0Po0oB g;]k.fD @? |kh xdq .o 0Po7n|kh xdq ovdmd5 xtdkoD #? 7eoe 0Po[vd95fxtlq’F ,6ogsf c]t ;ymudkolbdlk7qho7;hk 8ts^vfIvfdkj ;0v[ .9z.h6 sdh ko-;j pgsv^n 9oq ]kp’koleg]fa D $? lk]t[ko \\kpg4’y [oa -[u fq s^n s;q 0lh= e7oa .o]kp’koF 8vh ’0PoIP’]ef[a 8k,govhn .o0v’]kp’kolt[[a ooha D l;j olk]t[ko8k8t]k’ c]t lk]t[koI[6 rk[9tcpd vvd9kdlk]t[ko govhn .og]vjn ’F lk]t[ko8k8t]k’9tltcf’-0jn v’8k8t]k’md5 8k8t]k’F lk]t[koI[6 rk[9tltcf’-Ijn [6 rk[xtdv[m’a \\fq mxju kdfq .o]kp’ko IP’8k,]ef[a D 51

!D@ rkdlj;odk’ ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ rkdl;j odk’IPdvud1kj ’|’bj ;kj rkdl;j ogonhv.o xtdv[fh;p @ l;j o f’aj ouhG !? govhn .o dko0Pogovhn .o.-sh da^ gdodko0Poc[[c8’j g]vjn ’m;jq wx 3fpc[’j vvdgxoa dko 8ah’[aoskF dkocdhw0[aosk c]t dkolts^5[[aoskD @? rkdl;j oxtdv[govhn .o { ;’q 1,n c,oj 07h= ;k,m7ju fa ,k9kd7eg;khq sn^ 00h= Po0v’zvh6 ojn oe,kw;.h ogovhn .o]kp’ko 3fp[x+ Pj ocx’D { w0g’vjn oX\\kpgsf Footnote? c,oj 07h= ;k,mkh p|kh ,wu ;gh rvjn [vdm,ju k0v’07h= ;k,.o [qf s^n vtmy[kp0=h7;k,[k’8vo.o[qfmIuj P[IP’w;h.o|hkfP;daoD { 8k8t]k’ gxao[vj oIy[3I,ly’j muwj fh9kddkolbdlk7qho7;hk.oI6[musj p=hc]h;oe,k[ao 9]5 ’q gxoa ]kpdkoD { I6[rk[xtdv[ wfhcdj czo;kfF I6[4kj pF I6[c8h,F czomuFj czoza’ c]t I6[4kj p gvdtlkoD !D# rkdlj;omhkp rkdl;j omhkp0v’]kp’koxtdv[fh;p # l;j o fa’j ouhG { [oa okod5 ,q sn^ gvdtlkovkh ’v’u \\kpg4’y [oa -]u kp-xjn ,B m.ju -xh tdv[dko0Po]kp’ko 3fp0Pow;lh ;j olf5 mkh p0v’]kp’koD { rkdzt|;d s^n gvdtlko-vh omkh p \\kpg4’y g]vnj ’ s^n gvdtlkomdju Pj ;0vh ’d[a govhn .o g]nvj ’0v’]kp’kooahoD c8oj ewx0Pogru,j g8u,w;h.ol;j omhkp0v’]kp’ko grnvj .sh ]kp’kooaho-afg9o c]t lq,[6op’yj 0bhoD { vtm[y kpl[a c,oj gxoa l;j omvju tm[y kp7el[a mlju e7oa m.ju -.h o]kp’ko vkf,u sn^ [,+ du w= fDh @D s^addko c]t 0Ao8vo0v’dko0Po]kp’ko dko0Po]kp’ko;y-kdko,us^da dko c]t 0oha 8vodko0Pof’ja oGuh @D! dko;k’czodkogIaf]kp’ko { g]nvdsq;0=hg]nvj ’mu9j t0Po]kp’ko c]t deoqf0v[g0f.sh-afg9o;kj 9tlbdlk7qho7;hk g]vnj ’.fD .odkog]nvdg]vnj ’ooha 7;o7eo’b g4y’7;k,-eoko0v’8oq gv’F 7;k,|kh loq .9 c]t xt3spfm9uj twfhIa[D { deoqf37’Ikj ’g]nvj ’ c,oj 8ah’sq;0=hg]nvj ’.shgxaowx8k,]efa[7;k,lerao0v’gonhv.o 8k,7;k,8hv’dko 3fp8ah’gxaosq;0=h.spwj ;hdvj o c]h;9b’j deoqfsq;0=hpvj p]q’.osq;0=h.spj c]t c8]j t0=8h k,7;k,g\\ktl,q g-oja 8;q 1kj ’8+wxouGh 52

37’Ijk’]kp’kog]njv’ <0uhgspNv< ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ !D 7;k,\\kp c]t muj,k0v’0uhgspnhv @D xtgrf0v’0uhgspnhv { 9ecod8k,]adltotl;j oxtdv[ { 9ecod8k,]da ltotdkogzkq w\\h #D cs^’j degouf0UgspNv $D zqodtmq[0v’0UgspNv8+ltrk[c;f]hv, &D ;ymude9af0UgspNv { gmdv’w;hdk’c9h’ { dko96f { dko/a’fyo { dko\\ad *D dkoxPj ocx’ltrk[0UgspNv,k.-hxt3spf.\\j (D dkoxhv’dao c]t cdhw0[aosk0UgspNv { les^;fgvdtlko g,nvj ;k’37’Ikj ’g]nvj ’IP[Ihvpc]h; d=8hv’les^;fg[y’j ;kj ,ugvdt lkorP’r=m9uj tgIfa ]kp’ko8k,37’Ikj ’m;uj k’w;sh ^n[D=j @D@ dkogda[de0=h,6o !? gda[de7;k,I6h9kdcs^’j 8kj ’M 3fpdkolbdlk7qho7;hk9kdgvdtlkoF dkolerkfF dko2a’ c]t dkola’gdfD @? dko[oa mdb 0,h= o6 0,h= o6 .fmlju k,kfoewx.-.h odko0Po]kp’kowfh 7;o[oa mdb 0,h= o6 ooha ]q’.l.j og9hp s^n [qf[aombd0=h,6omu,j u0t|kfgmqjkdao grnjvltf;d.odkooewx.-hdko [aombd7;k,I6hm5d-toyf8hv’ltcf’cs’^j m,uj k0v’0=h,6om-uj afg9ow;hoeD 53

@D# dko9af]t[P[0=h,6o ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ s^a’9kdgda[de0=h,6owfhrP’r=c]h; d=g4y’0aho8vodko9af]t[P[0=h,6o.shltf;dcdjdko .-;h Pd 3fp9fa \\;f\\0j6 ,h= o6 8k,37’Ikj ’s;q 0.h= spFj s;q 0ph= vj pm;ju k’gvkq w;.h odko9fa ]t[P[0,h= o6 ohu [k’7ah’9trq[;jk vkf9t,udkoxjPo37’Ijk’gfu,muj;k’gvqkw;hcfj grnjv.shg\\ktlq,da[0=h,6o muwj fh,kD @D$ dkoIP[IP’0h=,6ogrnjvltg|ugxao]kp’ko dkoIP[IP’0,h= o6 grvjn 0Pogxoa ]kp’komlju ,q [o6 ooha 7;opfb 4sn d^a f’ja oGhu !? dkoIP[IP’0=h,6omu,j u16j 9t8hv’leraolvf7vj ’dao3fp]efa[ [+7;o0Po.o]adltot dkooe0,=h o6 8kj ’M,k8+.ldj oa D @? rklkm.ju -8h vh ’c9,j c9’h g0khq .9’kj p lr5 k[ c]t gxoa rklk0Po [+7;o.-rh klkxkd g;kQ D #? ltg|u0=h,6o.sh4ndxtgfao ,us^ad4ko c]t gsfzqoxtdv[1kj ’rP’r=D $? [+.-hrklk8kj ’xtgmf 4hk,u7e]k;.-h1c6j ]h;D &? [+lkh ’7el[a 0ohb .-gh v’ grktzvh6 kj ovkf[+g0kQ .9D *? ]t,af]t;a’g]nvj ’dko.-hg7nvj ’\\kp;ad8voF dkoltdqf7e.sh4nd8hv’8k,s^adrklk ]k;D 7e4k, !D lj;oxtdv[0v’[qf]kp’ko,u9adrkdlj;oL rkdlj;o.fcfjL c8j]trkdlj;ogxao co;.fL @D dko0Po]kp’ko,us^addko c]t 0Ao8voco;.fL [qfg/ydsaf 9’qj 0Po]kp’kog]vjn ’m8uj oq loq .9 g-oja G {<dkogIfa l;o7;q 1.j6 o3I’IPo< {<;ymug/yd/oq grvnj gxoa oda IPogd’aj < { <dkog]nvdIPo;y-k-u[8kj ’M< 54

[qfmu * ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ dko0Po37’dko 37’dko c,jodyf9tdemujgxuf3vdkf.shoadIPowfhlbdlk7qho7;hk c]t ]q’,nxt8y[af fh;p8qogv’8k,7;k,lk,kfF 7;k,4t|af c]t 7;k,lqo.9 3fpvu’.l0j aho8vomk’;ymt pklkf s^n 0aho8vovnoj wx.-h.odkolbdlksk7e8v[.og]nvj ’.fg]nvj ’|b’j 3fp,u76gxaoz6hcotoe c]t .sh7exbdlkcdjoadIPo1jk’.dh-yf oa[c8jdkog]nvdsq;0=hmuj9tlbdlk7qho7;hk fegouo dko;k’czo deoqf0aho8vodkofegouo’koD 3fpm;jq wxc]h; dkogIaf37’dkolk,kfgIafwfh md5 ]tf[a dkoldb lk g-’jy vkfgIfa gxoa [d5 7oq sn^ gxoa d,j5 dw= fh 0ohb d[a ]da ltot0v’37’dkovkfgxoa 37’dkoovh pM m[ju +sp’h5 pkdl[a loq s^n gxoa 37’dko.spmj ,uj u7;k,sp’h5 pkds^kp0ohb d=wfDh !D xtgrf0v’37’dko 37’dkolk,kfc[’j 8k,]adltot0v’dyf9tdewfh $ xtgrff’aj ouhG !D! 37’dkoxtgrfles^;f 37’dkoxtgrfles^;f gxoa 37’dkoxtgrfgd[a de0,=h o6 grvjn -vdskgsfzoq 0v’[oa sk s^n les^;f7;k,7yfgsaoD 0=h,6omguj da[dewfh[k’1kj ’vkfgxao[aoskmouj ewxld6j komqf]v’ s^n 7qhorq[ lkgsf0v’[oa skm8ju vh ’sk;my cu dwh 0x[a x’5 I;j ,doa g-oja G 37’dkodkoles;^ f7el[a m,ju da 0Pozfy F 37’dkoles^;fdko.-7h el[a -vfdt9k.o|’a lnry,gxoa 8ohq D !D@ 37’dkoxtgrfdkomqf]v’ 37’dkoxtgrfles^;f gxao37’dkomu8j hv’vvdc[[mqf]v’ grnvj dkolbdlkzqodkomqf ]v’;kj gxoa wx8k,m8ju ’ha l,q ,f5 4kow;h sn^ [D+ 37’dkoxtgrfo8hu vh ’lts[5^ 7;k,Ih6 sn^ zoq dkomfq ]v’ gxoa sda^ dko sn^ co;mk’dkoxt8[y fa w;gh -oja G 37’dkodkomfq ]v’1k0kh lfa 8r6 fn 9kdrfn mgju xoa 1kF 37’dkodkomfq ]v’xd6 zda 3fp[+.-/h oj5 ;my tpklkfgxoa 8ohq D !D# 37’dkoxtgrflyj’xtfyf 37’dkoxtgrflyj’xtfyf gxao37’dkomujoe.-hs^addkomk’;ymtpklkfg0qhkl6j0aho8vo dkoxt8y[fa 3fpvu’.lgj 7vnj ’,nF ;fa ltfF5 vx5 tdvo grvnj xtfyfl’yj ;fa 4.5 \\j vkfgxoa g7vnj ’.-Fh g7vnj ’ xtfa[9kd;afltf5gs^nv.-h s^n oe;afltf5mhv’4jyomuj,us^kp,k.-h.shgdufxt3spfg-ajoG 37’dko dkoxtfyfg7vnj ’9adlko9kdw,hwzj c]t 37’dkodkoxtfyfg7vnj ’-;j plvorklkva’dyfD 55

!D$ 37’dkoxtgrfmyfltfu ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 37’dkoxtgrfmfy ltfu gxoa 37’dkom,ju ]u da ltotgxoa dkosk7;k,I.h6 \\j 3fpgd[a de0,h= o6 c]t oe,k;gy 7kt9kdlt48y cy ];h vtrxy kp sn^ gxoa 37’dkomlju db lk7ohq 7;kh 0,h= o6 mgju dfu 9kd0lh= ’q wl vkfgxaodkooe[qfIPo,k0tspkpgrnjvlbdlk0=h,6ogruj,g8u,.shwfh7;k,I6hg]ydd;jkgdqjkg-ajoG 37’dkodkoldb lk7e-kh= .odk[dvo c]t 37’dkodkoldb lk07h= fy 9kddk[xlj6 vosk^ ogxoa 8ohq D @D 0aho8vodkogIaf37’dko dkogIfa 37’dko,0u oha 8vodkoxt8[y fa f’ja oGhu @D! dko7yf c]t g]nvdsq;g]njv’ oadIPo9t8hv’7yf c]t g]nvdsq;g]nvj ’0v’37’dkofh;p8qogv’;kj 1kd9tlbdlkspa’F gxaospa’9’bj 1kdlbdlkD sq;g]nvj ’0v’37’dko,ad9twfh,k9kd[aosk 7e4k, s^n 7;k,1kdI6h 1kdgsaodjP;da[g]njv’8jk’M0v’oadIPogv’D sq;g]njv’0v’37’dko7;ogxaog]njv’ltgrkt g9kt9q’ c]t c9,j c9h’D g,vnj .zwfhvkj o-gnj ]vnj ’c]h; 7;og0qhk.9 c]t I6hg]vnj ’;kj 37’dkoouhgIaf spa’D dkodeoqfsq;g]nvj ’0v’37’dkooaho ,ucs^’j mu9j t-vj pdt85d.shgduf7;k,7yf c]t 7;k, lqo.9 9kds^kpcs’^j fh;pdaog-oaj G 9kddkovkj oxB,F gvdtlkoF [qf7;k,F dkowx-q,lt4komuj 8kj ’MF dko2’a [oa pkpmk’;-y kdkoF dkoloq mtokd[a [d5 7oq 8kj ’M sn^ 9kddkol’a gdfxkdfq dko 8kj ’MIv[8q; gxao8qhoD ovd9kdouh 7;o7eob’g4y’xtgfao8+wxouhG { 7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’]tfa[7;k,I6h 7;k,lk,kf0v’oadIPo { ;af45 v5xtdvomu.j -h { ’q[xt,ko { w]ptg;]k { 7;k,xvfwr { cs’^j 7;k,I6h @D@ dko;k’czo dko;k’czodkogIaf37’dko c,oj ];,ma’dko0Po37’Ikj ’0v’37’dko g-’yj 8hv’,u dko;k’czow;h];j ’|hk grnvj .shdkofegouodkogxaowx1kj ’Iafd5, c]t Iv[7v[ [+la[lqo c];h oeltg|u8+zlh6 vo s^n vk9komxuj db lkgrvnj 0=7;k,gsoa fudvj ofegouodko0oha 8+wxD dko0Po37’Ikj ’0v’37’dko 3fpm;jq wxc];h c,oj 0Po grvjn ltcf’co;7fy czo;Pd c]t 0oha 8vodkogIfa 37’dko g-’yj 7;oxtdv[f;h ps;q 08=h +wxouGh 56

!? -n3j 7’dko 7;ogxao0=h7;k,mudj tmafIaf c9,j c9h’ g0qhk.9wfh’kj p ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ @? -zjn Ih6 [a zfy -v[37’dko #? -mjn xju db lk37’dko $? s^addko c]t gsfzqo gxaodkovtmy[kp;kj fh;pgsf.f 9’bj g]nvdgIaf37’dkog]vnj ’ouhF ,u7;k,le7aoco;.fF ,us^addko s^n myfltfuspa’mduj Pj ;0hv’D g]vnj ’mguj Iafgxaog]vnj ’.\\j s^n ,uz6hvnjowfhlbdlk7qho7;hkg]njv’ouhw;hcfjc]h;D 4hk,uwfhIa[zqoco;.f g]njv’mujgIafwfh 0tspkpgr,ju 8,jn x[a x’5 9kdg]vjn ’mzju vh6 ojn gIfa w;ch o;.f sn^ gxoa dkogIfa -kh= 7on grvjn d;f lv[zoq D &? 95fxtlq’ 7;o,ultgrkt c]t lk,kfxtg,uowfh gxaodko[vd0v[g0f0v’;Pdmu9j t gIfa wf9h tc9’h 0ohb D *? l,q ,f5 4ko0v’dkoldb lk7ohq 7;h k X4kh ,?u l,q ,f5 4kogxoa 7e8v[ sn^ 7evtm[y kpm7ju kf w;h];j ’|hk g-y’j vkf9t4nd s^n zyfd=wfhD dko0Polq,,5f4ko7;o,ugsf,uzqo ,umyfltfu sn^ sda^ dkoIv’I[a c]t mlju e7oa c,oj gxoa 07h= ;k,mlju k,kfgsoa co;mk’.odkofegoou dkomfq lv[wfDh (? ;ymufegouo’ko c]t 0aho8vodkofegouo’ko 9t8hv’vtmy[kp;jk 9tvvdc[[ dkomqf]v’spa’cfj co;.f 9tgda[de0=h,6ospa’cfj ];,ma’[vd;afltf5v5xtdvo mu9j egxao8hv’.-h ,uspa’cfDj )? czoxt8y[af’ko vtmy[kpdjP;da[deoqfg;]k8ah’c8jg]uj,8qho 9qoleg]afdkofe goou ’ko.oc8]j t0oha 8voD _? zqom7uj kf;kj 9twfhIa[ !W? gvdtlkovkh ’v’u @D# dkofegouo’ko g,vnj mxuj db lk37’dko.s7h ;k,gsoa fu37’Ikj ’0v’37’dkoc];h 8+wxd=gxoa 0oha ]’q ,nxt8y[fa ’ko8k,0oha 8vom0ju Pow;h oda IPo8vh ’rtpkpk,gIfa 8k,czo’kom;ju k’w;h dP,;fa 4v5 x5 tdvo c]t lt4komuj.shrhv,xt8y[af’kofh;p7;k,]tvPfIv[7v[ 7eob’g4y’7;k,xt1af c]t xvfwr.odkogIfa ;Pd 8ts^vfIvfdko[oa mdb 0,h= o6 8kj ’M ;kj wfgh Ifa sp’a wxcfLj wfzh oq co;.fL ,u[aosk c]t 0=h7yfgsaoco;.fL rtpkpk,[aombd.shgxao]t[P[ c]t 7q[4h;oD 57

@D$ dko0Po]kp’ko ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ dko0Po]kp’kodPj ;d[a 37’dko gxoa ;ymul7nj ;k,\\kp;ymu|’jb m9uj t.szh vh6 onj wfgh 0khq .9g4y’ co;7yf ;ymudkofegouo’kozqomuwj fh 8ts^vfIvf0=hlts^5[ c]t 0=hltg|ucot8kj ’M mudj Pj ;da[ 37’dkoooha D dko0Po37’dko7;o.-rh klkmvju kj oc];h g0khq .9’kj p c9,j c9’h c]t 7[q md5 [oa sk mlju e7oa 0v’37’dkoD @D& dkooeltg|uzqo’ko dkooeltg|zu oq ’kogxoa 0oha 8volf5 mkh p0v’dkogIfa 37’dko c]t g0khq .9g4’y zoq ’koooha D dkooeltg|uzqo’kovkfgIafwfhs^kpI6[c[[F 0bho1d6j a[7;k,g\\ktlq,8+xtgrf 0v’37’dkoF govhn .oF g;]kF ]tf[a 0v’oda IPog-oja G dkoltcf’[fq [kfl,q ,f5 F dkog]kjq g]vjn ’F dko0Po]kp ’koF lt4kotdko9e]v’F dkolkmyfF dko9af;k’ltcf’ g-y’j vkf,uma’dkoltcf’ c]t dkovtm[y kpf;h p7eg;khq sn^ dko]kp’koxkdgxkjq F dko[oa pkpD l’jy le7oa c,oj rtpkpk,gIfa .sdh koltcf’zoq ’koooha f’b ff6 7;k,loq .90v’z-h6 ,q ,7u ;k,-fa g9oF g0khq .9’kj p c]t ,7u ;k, 4dn 8vh ’0v’govhn .oD #D dko0Po]kp’ko37’dko dko0Po]kp’ko37’dkogxaoI6[c[[|bj’ 0v’dkooeltg|uzqo’ko0v’37’dko moju da IPowflh db lk7ohq 7;kh 8’ha c88j ohq 9oq 9[q D dkodeofq s;q 0.h= odko0Po]kp’ko37’dkovkf[+ [vd8kp8q;7ndaom5d37’dkoD l;j oxtdv[0v’sq;0=h.o]kp’ko8hv’g\\ktlq,da[xtgrf0v’ 37’dko c]t ]tfa[-aho0v’z6hIPoD vq’xtdv[0v’dko0Po]kp’ko37’dko c[’j vvdgxao # rkdl;j ofa’j ouhG !D! rkdlj;oxqd c]t rkdlj;o8qho rkdl;j oxqd c]t rkdl;j o8qho xtdv[fh;p !? -3jn 7’dko @? -znj 6hIa[zyf-v[37’dkoF -ahoIPoF 3I’IPo c]t ;aogfnvoxum0uj Po #? -vnj k9komxju db lk $? 7eoe &? lk]t[ko *? lk]t[ko8k8t]k’ s^n I6[rk[xtdv[ X4hk,u? 58

(? [qf7afsp=hlahoM muj[vd37’Ijk’ g-yj’xtdv[fh;pg]njv’F 95fxtlq’F ;ymudko7qho7h;kF w]ptg;]k c]t lts^5[zqoD )? 7e0v[.9 #D@ rkdlj;ogonhv.o rkdl;j ogonhv.o xtdv[fh;pG !? [fq oe [vd7;k,gxoa ,kF 7;k,le7oa 0v’37’dkoF [vdgsfzoq sn^ gsf9’6 .9 .odko g]vn ds;q 03h= 7’dko @? 9f5 xtl’q 0v’37’dko #? lq,,5f4ko0v’dkolbdlk7qho7;hk X4hk,u? $? dkofegoou ’ko vkf0Pogxoa 8k8t]k’F czoz’a 37’dko grvjn .sdh kofegoou ’kogxoa wx8k,sq;0=hg]nvj ’ 4nd8k,95fxtlq’0v’37’dko c]t ryl6f7e8v[ Xlq,,5f4ko? 8k,[oa skmduj eofq f’ja 8;q 1kj ’dko0Poczoz’a 37’dko8+wxoGuh .oczoza’37’dkogIaf.shgsao]t[q[dkogIaf;Pd1kj ’,ugxqhk\\kp ,udko;k’czodko gIaf;Pd 9tgsaowfh;kj ly’j mu8j hv’dkoI6hc,oj sq;0=hpvj p s^n 7e4k,pvj p0v’sq;0=h37’dkoD 4hk,u s^kpd;kj ! 0h= d9= tIP’]ef[a gmvjn ]ts;q 0h= rvh ,m’a [vdl,q ,f5 4koF ;my 7u ohq 7;kh c]t cs’j^ ldb lk 7ohq 7;kh 8k,czoz’a .s7h [q md5 0Dh= ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ l’jy m8ju vh ’dkoIh6 l,q ,f5 4ko ;ymudko7qho7;hk cs^’j 0=h,6o s;q 0=ph vj p9kds;q 0=h dko8v[7e4k, 7qho7;hkF lv[4k,F { gvdtlkoF xB, g]vjn ’0v’37’dkomju ];j ’|kh lerkfF la’gdfF lbd { lt4komFju [d5 7oq 8vh ’dkosk7e8v[ lk 3fpdkog[y’j { 2a’ 9kdln-j toyf8kj ’M &? lts[5^ zoq dko7ohq 7;kh gxoa dkovtm[y kp7e8v[mwju f9h kddkoldb lk7ohq 7;kh 8k,s;q 0h= pvj pm8uj hv’dkoI6h;kj gxaowx8k,lq,,5f4ko s^n [+D *? vtryxkpzqo [vdxt3spf s^n 75o7kj 0v’zqo’komuwj fh c]t [vd0=h9edaf s^n [aoskF v5xtlad X4hk,u?D rhv,ma’[vd0=hltg|ucot .odkolbdlk7qho7;hk 37’dko]adltot .d7h P’doa D 59

#D# rkdlj;omhkp rkdl;j omkh pxtdv[f;h p !? [aooko5dq, s^n gvdtlkovhk’vu’ s^n gvdtlkomu.j -h7qho7;hk g-y’j ,us^kpxtgrfwfhcdGj xB,F 8e]kF [qf7;k, g-’yj 9t,u;ymudko0Po[aooko5dq,8kj ’daog-oaj G xB, -nj ok,ltd5oD -nxj B,D lt4komurj y,G leoadry,F xumurj y, [qf7;k,.o;k]tlko -nzj 6h0Po <-n[j qf7;k,<F -n;j k]tlkoF xumu s^n gs^ah,muF |hkF ;aoF gfnvoF xuD 7]= e9kd|’a lrn ,y -nzj 6h0Po <-n7j =]e G -ngj ]nvj ’.o7=]e<F -n|j a’lnry,Fສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ ;aoF gfnvoF xuF |hkD @? rkdzt|;d Xgvdtlko-hvomhkp? g-aoj G I6[dyf9tdeF c[[lv[4k,F [qflerkf s^n vojn MD $D 8q;1jk’37’dko -nj37’dko dkolbdlk7emulj tdqfzyf.o|a’lnry, 7totz6hIa[zyf-v[37’dko !? ok’ f;’.9 .lxaopk @? mhk; 7efu luv5wm #? mhk; [5o]=hk gff,tou vk9komjuxbdlk37’dko vk9ko [5ffu ;yw]lvo s^addko c]t gsfzqo lt,k-yd.od,5j wfhvkj o;k]tlko <09< lt[a[mu @* gfnvodaopk @WW_ c]h;rq[;kj 0=h7;k, .o;k]tlko .-7h emlju tdfq zfy sk^ pl,q 7;oD 7emlju tdfq zfy vkfgIfa .szh vh6 kj o[g+ 0khq .97;k,\\kp 0v’7eoAoMD lt,k-yd.od,5j 9’bj wfhIy[3I,7emulj tdqfzyf c]t cx’.sh4nd8hv’D 60

95fxtlq’ ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ !? grvnj -vdsk7eltdfq zyf1.j6 o|kh |’a lnry,[k’lt[[a mouj e,kvkj oD @? grvnj cx’7emluj tdqfzyfoAo .shltdqf4nd8hv’D 0v[g0f0v’dko7Qo7;hk 7eltdqfzyf \\kpg4y’ 7e.o|a’lnry,mulj tdqf[+4nd8hv’8k,s^addkoltdqf7e.o;af9tok od5 ,q rklk]k;D lt4komuj shv’lt\\5f0v’3I’IPo,afmtpq,lq,[6olkmyfD w]ptg;]klbdlk7Qo7;hk ;aomu _{!* 85]k @WW_D gvdtlko c]t ;af45v5xtdvo.-h.odkolbdlk7Qo7;hk !? ;k]tlko <09< lt[a[mu @* gfnvodaopk @WW_ @? g7vjn ’0Po ;ymudkolbdlk7Qo7;hk !? vkj o0=h7;k,.o|a’lnry,gmnvj ]t|hk .shlt,k-ydmugj Iaf37’dkoI;j ,dao vtryxkp;kj ,u7e.fmu7j yf;kj vkf9tltdqfzyf c]h;[aombdw;hD @? oe7emugj ]nvdwfhc]h;wxlv[4k, lerkfgrnvj oI;j ,shv’;kj 7efa’j dkj ;ltdqfzyf s^n [+ c]h;[aombdw;hD #? d;f7Qog[yj’dkoltdqf7e.o;af9toko5dq,rklk]k;;jk7emujg]nvdoAo ltdqf.sh4nd co;.fD $? oe0=h,6o,kmhvo3I, c]t lts^5[zqoD zqodko7Qo7;hk 7eltdqfzyf 7eltdqf4nd vd5 v’a vd5 v’ja c9,.l c9,j .l 8k]dq 8ts^dq groju grojy loy ]txoy l]y txoy dt-;j ’ dt-;’ ]kh lf5 s^kh lf5 61

;kj o s;kj o vk.l vkwl ,ksk;ymtpkw] ,tsk;ymtpkw] Ioj5 s5oj XI6[Ikj ’? ltoyflt|q, lt|yflt|q, lt]q[ lts^q[ loa pk]da loa pt]da oy.l oyfwl ltoyf -toyf lts^5[dko7Qo7;hk ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ gda[de7eltdqfzyf.o;k]tlko <09< lt[a[mu @* gfnvodaopk @WW_ wfh9eo;o !* 7eD xt3spfmujwfhIa[ !? gIaf.shI6h;kj 7em.uj -h.o;k]tlko vkfgxao7emluj tdqfzyf [+4ndda[7;k,\\kpD @? gIaf.shz6hvkj oI6h;kj 7emluj tdqfzyf.o;k]tlkooaho 8hv’ltdqfco;.f.sh4ndD 0=hltg|ucot !? gIfa 37’dkog]vnj ’7e-vfdt9km.uj -.h o|’a lnry,D @? dkoxd5 ]tf,q .-rh klk]k;.s4h nd8vh ’D 7e4k, !D 37’dkoc,oj sp’a L @D ]adltot0v’37’dkoc[’j vvdgxao9adxtgrfL c8]j txtgrfgxaoco;.fL #D dkogIfa 37’dko,u0oA 8vo.fcfLj $D dko0Po]kp’ko37’dko8vh ’c[’j vvdgxoa 9da rkdl;j oL c8]j trkdl;j ogIfa co;.fL [qfg/ydsaf 9qj’ltg|u37’dko 3fp0Poltg|udkogIaf37’dkog-aoj G mu,j k0v’[aoskF s^addko c]t gsfzqoF 0Ao8vodkoxt8y[af;PdF zqomuj7kf;jk9twfhIa[ c]t vnjoM .osq;0=h <dkoIadlk vtokw,rkp.o3I’IPo<D 62

[qfmu ( ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ dko0Poltcf’7;k,I6hlbd dko0Poltcf’7;k,Ilh6 db c,oj dko0Poc[[lkh ’loa moju da IPo,3u vdkf.-.h o-;u fy xt9e ;aoD c8dj ko0Poltcf’7;k,I6hlbd z6h0Po9t8hv’I6h9adg]nvd.-hrklk.odko4kj pmvf1kj ’9q[ ’k, 9’jb 9tlk,kfl7jn ;k,\\kp.szh Ih6 [a lko gdfu 7;k,Ilh6 db xtm[a .9 c]t gsoa rvh ,oez0h6 PowfDh ma’oU 8hv’vkwldkog/yd/qo9’bj 9tgdufmadlt c]t xtlq[zqoleg]af.odko0PoD !D dko0Poltcf’7;k,I6hlbd dko0Poltcf’7;k,Ilh6 db c,oj dko.-rh klkmk’dko0Poroa ]tokm.ju szh oq mk’vk],q 9fy D l]y txt.odko0Poroa ]tokpvj ,lk,kfd.+ sgh dfu vk],q ltgmvn o.9cdzj vh6 kj owfh m’a 7;k,x8y y pyofu 8No8ao.9 s^n glQk.9D rklkm.uj shgdufzqomk’vk]q, ,u @ ]adltot7nG rklkm.uj -h.odkoxP[ mP[ c]t rklkmudj t85dvk]q,D !D! rklkmuj.-h.odkoxP[mP[ 7em,ju 7u ;k,\\kpxP[mP[.orklk]k;,1u gj6 xoa 9eo;osk^ pD 7egskjq^ o8U k,dkoloa o4y ko ,7u ;k,\\kp3fpd’q 1dj6 vj oc];h 8,+ k,du kooegvkq 7egskjq^ ooha wx.-.h o7;k,\\kpxP[mP[d[a l’jy vojn vdu 8+|’jb D dko.-hrklk.odkoxP[mP[oaho.-hma’7ela[ 0=h7;k, c]t leo;of’aj ouhG !? 7exP[mP[ 7emuj,u7;k,\\kpxP[mP[oAo ,u.-hmqj;wx.orklk]k;F gxao7emuj ,u7;k,\\kp-vh oc/’1v6j ud8+|’jb [+wf\\h kp7;k,3fpd’q D 8q;1jk’G { g0qkgxaos^ad0v’7v[7q;D Xs^admP[da[glqks^admu.j -hgxao[vj o7E? { ]k;gxao7qosq;vvj oD XmP[]da ltotmvuj vj og-oja G w,vh vj om’uj kj p8+dkog[fa ? @ ? 0=h7;k,xP[mP[ \\kpg4y’ d5,j 7e s^n xt3spdmuvj kj owfh7;k, c]t ,u7;k,\\kp 3fppqdly’j |’bj wxxP[da[vudl’yj |’bj F ,udko.-h7eg-vnj ,]ts;kj ’7emulj tcf’]adltot d[a 7em,ju kxP[.sgh soa ]da ltotooA M-fa g9o0ohb D 8q;1jk’G { lP’0v’]k;fa’xko2hkzkj D { ok’[q;lu,u,k]tpkf7Pj ,7q,7ncrra[w;h.o86hD { g,nvj gla’9q[c]h; ]k;d=3]’j .9lOpqdsk[vvd9kd[kj D 63

#? leo;oxP[mP[ c,jo;ymudko.-h4hvp7exP[mP[lyj’|bj’da[vudlyj’|bj’ gIaf.sh ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 7;k,\\kpfkh o.ffkh o|’jb gfoja 0ohb ,kD 8q;1jk’G { ]k;gxaosq;9ads^adcs^j’0v’;Pd’koouhD sq;9ads^adcs^’j ,u7;k,\\kp;kj [5d7qole7ao16.j o;Pd’ko.f|b’j D { [+,u.z;kj .sh]k;skddyox6oIhvomhv’gv’D dyox6oIhvomhv’ ,u7;k,\\kp;kj ltcf’vkdkogfnvfIhvo0Bogv’D dkoxP[mP[-vj p.sgh dfu 7;k,g0kQ .9.ol’jy mgju xoa ok,mewfh 3fpxP[mP[l’jy mgju xoa I[6 memju gIqkI6h9ad1c6j ]h;D dkoxP[mP[8hv’vu’.ldj ko1n,7eg-’yj ,u7;k,\\kp c]t 7;k,\\kpoAoI6hwfh fh;pxtlkflezafD 8;q 1kj ’G dkoxd6 /’a 9fy leodb voa f’u k,.sch d]j d6 g8kQ c,oj |kh mvju oa le7oa 0v’zgh6 xoa rc+ ,Dj 7e;kj <x6d/a’< ,u7;k,\\kpxP[mP[da[dkox6d8Qow,h.sh9tg]uo’vd’k,D dkox6d/a’ gxaol’yj mugj saofh;p8k c]t lezaffh;pIkj ’dkpD |hkmu0j v’rklkxP[mP[9b’j gxaodkox5dvk]q, .sh7yfg4y’xtlq[dkofhkoxtlkflezaf gxoa dkolkh ’,t3ork[0ohb .o9fy .90v’zvh6 kj oD !D@ rklkmujdt85dvk]q, dko.-rh klk0Poroa ]tok7;k,Ilh6 db F rklkm.uj -oh oha vkf,uveokfdt8d5 .sgh duf7;k,Ih6 ldb wfDh l;j osk^ pc];h veokfo0U ohb 1dj6 [a 7;k,\\kp0v’7egxoa 8oQ 8D= 7;k,Ilh6 db voa gdfu 9kd7;k, \\kp0v’7e0bho1d6j a[xtlq[dkoF 7;k,g-nvj c]t 7;k,\\kp0v’7evonj M .oc;f]hv,0v’[qf g-oaj G <ovos^a[.shlt[kpgfuvhkpmcuj lofu0v’ohv’ g4y’;kj ,nhvonj 9t[+,uvhkp 176j P’0hk’ 0=.shIa[I6h w;h;kj vhkp9t16.j o.90v’ohv’8ts^vfwx<D Xovos^[a .omouj u\\h kpg4y’glp-u;yf? @D xtgrf0v’dko0Poltcf’7;k,I6hlbd 4kh gvkq 7;k,Ilh6 db ,kgxoa gdo.odkoc[’j dko4kj pmvf7;k,Ilh6 db 3fpdko0Po9t9ecod wfh # xtgrf.spfj a’j ouhG { 7;k,Ih6lbdxtma[.9 { 7;k,Il6h db glp.9 { 7;k,Ih6lbdfu.9 I[6 c[[0v’dko0Poltcf’7;k,Ilh6 db [,+ du ko9edfa 8kp8;q z0h6 Povkfoeltg|u .oI[6 c[[[aombdF 9qf\\kp s^n gxao[qfc8’j me,tfkd=wfhD 64

8q;1jk’G 7;k,I6hlbdxtma[.9 !? dko0Poltcf’7;k,Ilh6 db xtm[a .90v’oda IPom,ju 8u +76 lfy 0p= p= dq ovh , lt4fy mP[g|vn lPo [-6 k7o5 7;k,fu cf7j z6 lh6 vo-hu vtryoaomtokohv, ltf5fudvodkj ; 7k]t;tcdgj 9kQ 7z6 -h6 U-vj ’mk’ g9kQ gvupD g4y’9t1gj6 0fdE lt4ko4oyj fyo.f d=8k,mvh o g]dy g-’jy .o[o5 7o5 [+vkf]n,76wfh [+,uc];h sk.l,kmP,gmkQ ltg\\mu oa 7o5 mkj o -kfoU c]t -kf|hk [+]n,wfh7kj 76 fvdokD @? 7;k,I6hlbdxtma[.90v’ mkj or6,u ;q’;u9yf vtfufde,tdkodq,dkog,nv’F vtfufz6h;kj dkoxtmkoxtgmf g,nvj pa’,u-u;yf16wj fhdkj ;dPj ;da[ xtmko wdlvo rq,;ysko ;kj G <ltskp wdlvo rq,;ysko gxao7qomu,j uI6[-q’’k,F lv’8k7q,cs^,F lts^kflts^P;F ;vj ’w; xkdg;Qk rvh ,d[a p,Y 1kj ’,lu tg|F g[’jy c8sj ;q mdu g= soa wf;h kj ltskpgxoa 7oq ,u 7;k,Ih6 c]t 7;k,lk,kfl’6 c8;j kj ltskpskd4t|v,mvj ,8qo vaogxaol’yj fb’f6f gvqk7;k,oa[4n c]t Iadcr’9kdz6hm1uj .6j dh -yfda[ltskp< ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ X7af9kdxB, <75olq,[af0v’xtmkowdlvo rq,;ysko<F xu !__&F |hk #&? #? 7;k,I6hlbdxtma[.90v’ ok’ [5[zk m0uj Pog4y’sq;|hkshv’0v’]k; mv’lu mujoa[4n c]t Iadcr’ g4y’9t1wj6 ddoa rP’.fd=8k, c8rj k[0v’s;q |kh svh ’zsh6 kh ;soa 0v’svh ’ ,D$}0 p’a xtm[a c|ho.o\\kdsq;.90v’0hvpD 0hvp]n,[+wfh ,Nmujg9Qk-j;p-u;yf0hvp.shs^5frQo9kddko9q,o=hkF g9kQ wflh Pj ’7;k,8kp3ff]’q oEwx-;j p0vh pDDD skd[,+ gu 9kQ .o,oN oA 0vh pd7= ’q [,+ 3u vdkf0Po7;k, Ilh6 db .o.9.o,oN .U sgh 9kQ fvdD 0v[.9oemd5 l’jy md5 1kj ’mzju kj o,k c]t 0.= sgh 9kQ gfou mk’wxIPo81+ j6 3I’IPorvolts;ao c]t -qogzkqj muoj t7vos^;’;P’9ao fh;p7;k,lts;affurk[m5dxtdkoD .o3vdkfmujg9Qk9tgfuomk’wxIPo8+163j I’IPorvolts;ao c]t -qogzqjk ot7vos^;’ ;P’9oa 0vh p0=v;prvo.sgh 9kQ 9’jq 3-dfu gxoa oda IPogd’ja 8ts^vfwxD Iadcr’ c]t 7yfg4y’ltg\\u [[5 zk 65

\\kpgsfG !? 7;k,I6hlbdxtma[.9oU 0Pogxao7eIhvpcdh; s^n 7eIhvpdv’d=wfhD @? dko0Poltcf’7;k,Ilh6 db xtm[a .9 gIfa .sgh soa [d5 7t]dy c]t ofy wl0v’zmh6 wju fIh [a dko 0Pog4’y D 8q;1jk’G 7;k,I6hlbdglp.9 !? 7ew;hvkw] xtmko wdlvo rq,;ysko [oa rt[]5 f5 v’q mgju xoa gvdvkh ’ wfhlhk’-kfltd5o]k; gIkq oU 8’A c87j k;gfu,fk dvj o,kltw\\oU ovd9kd 0o5 []6 ,q xk’dU p’a ,gu 9kQ 2kh ’,j5 ,ug9kQ w-g-f4k ,ug9kQ vto;5 ’q mwuj fvh ’q vkfdkh xtg-uo|kh 8+ltspk, gsoa ;kj ,kg4’y pk,pd5 oU 3ffgfoja gxaoxts;af ;y]tdext8y;af wfxh Pj ocx’g,vn ’[kh o ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ ]’5 .spj wdlvor,q ;sy kooU 0o5 []6 ,q pd5 .\\j gIkq c];h gIaf.sh lDxDx ]k; wfhgduf0Bo 0tspkproQ rfa mtok glpfkp s^a’9kdw--totc]h; ]t[v[.\\gj Ivn ’lu grojy 4dn glp-;u u 9kdwxw]loY 0=.sh f;’;yopko]’5 0Bo l75 t8yl’6 l’jq ooA g4fu md5 gzkjq r’q roju vh ’ mo6 gdkQ dk[]k [vd;kj \\qfxt-k-kfg-Nv 9t9e99nj k]bd odb IOgsoa [o5 7o5 m.ju spsj ^;’0v’]5’ rhv,0=h7;k,7elvo 8ts^vfwxg,nv|hk 0.= sh ]’5 oerklkh ’ ;k’x’q l]u kg]du ,koU co;mk’[d5 g[du w;h wfhg,nv2hkll6j ts;ao roh5 g4oU D @? 7ew;hvkw] mkj o lulq,rvo ]=;aow- le]a[7qogIqkc]h;dkogdufcdgj 9a[8kpc,oj g]njv’me,tfk0v’-u;yf muj8hv’gxaowx8k, dfq gdocs’j 7;k,gxoa 9’y 0v’me,t-kfD le][a zoh6 e0oha l’6 3fpltgrkt.o0t[;odko8l+ dh6 -h6 kf c];h .o-;u fy ooA cooj vo8vh ’wfzh kj o sn^ xtl[q r[q rsh= k^ pl’yj sk^ p1kj ’ g-’jy ,mu ’a voa fu c]t voa Ikh pD oUd=c,oj g]njv’me,tfk0v’0t[;ooerkxt-k-qodevk;5f]5dIN0Bo8+l6hd6h-kf grnvj oe,kg-y’j gvdt]kf c]t vtmyxtw8l6xj tgmf-kf1kj ’lq,[6ooAoD c8;j kj z6hoe8+l6hxt8y;af mugj faffPj ;|P; 66

c|oh 8’A 38glplt]tgrvjn vf5 ,q 7t8vy oa l’6 l’jq f’ja dkj ;f;h p7;k,[]= ly f5 zf5 zvj ’ 1kj ’[,+ cu x;h ,cu ,’ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 8ts^vf-u;yf c]t wfhIa[7;k,g-nvj \\Aos5h,s+g7qk]q[Iad 3fpmq;j wxoAo c,oj g]nvj ’ryglf[+,us^kp gmkjq .fD ]’5 llu ,q rvo ];= oa w- c,oj |’jb .o9eo;of’ja dkj ;mgju 4’y ;kj wf9h kd3]dowU xc];h c8zj oq ’kovoa ]Eg]fu F loy me7o5 l,q [fa xt8;y fa voa gxoa c[[1kj ’F g;kQ ’kj pM7o5 ’k,7;k,f0u v’grojy 9t7’q 1.j6 o 7;k,-’q 9e9k]db w;0h v’rtoda ’koxt8y;fa r;dgIkq md5 7oq mwuj fIh 9h6 da groyj D 0=;’yj ;vo.sfh ;’;yopko0v’]’5 9’jq 0Bollj6 75 t8yg4UoK X9kdxB, <g]njv’9y’muj|hkxtma[.9djP;da[]5’wdlvo rq,;ysko c]t z6hoe[k’mjko< 3fp r6o 7e,5ogInv’? #? dko0Poltcf’7;k,Ilh6 db glp.9.ox,B [oa mdb xt9e;oa 0v’oda IPoz|h6 ’jb ,oN gU Ikq Ilh6 db glp.9sk^ p mdju ;fdk;-y kg7,wu fch 8\\j kd #F skdrd+ [a c,Ij Fh6 r;dgrojy 7’q glp.9 s^kpg-oja doa grktw]ptzkj o,kgIkq [+g7pu wf7h tcoosf^5 7kf\\kp9’ja -9U da gmvjn D 7’q c,oj pvh ogIkq xt\\kfsk^ p3rf 9’jb gIfa .sgh dfu ,0u zh= fy rkf.odkocd3h 9fmvju k9kogvkq .sDh 7fb gsoa 7tcoo\\kd # 1|j6 kh g9ph d;fdkc];h gIkq 3]f[+1kdwxIvf3I’IPoDDD \\kpgsfG !? dko0Poltcf’7;k,I6hlbdglp.9 0Powfhma’Ihvpcdh; c]t Ihvpdv’ c]t lk,kf ltcf’vvd.oI6[c[[8kj ’MwfDh @? dko0Po7ew;vh kw] z0h6 Po,da 9tgxoa z.h6 d-h yfd[a z8h6 kp s^n [d5 7oq ooA gxoa zmh6 ,uj u-lnj P’D #? dko0Poltcf’7;k,I6hlbdglp.9 ,ad9tlvfc-d7;k,I6hlbdxtma[.9 0v’z6h0Po xtdv[oeD 8q;1jk’G 7;k,I6hlbdfu.9 !? 7;k,I6hlbdfu.90v’oadIPoz6h|b’j mu,j u8+\\6mj ulj k,kfgxao8q;cmo0v’3I’IPo .odko c0’j 0oa d]y kc]oj 0oha c0;’ 7exao grvnj oIadF gIkq f.u 9oegfmu 3ju 8wfgh xoa 8;q cmo0v’3I’IPo wxc0’j 0oa d]y kc]oj 0oA c0;’F 0.= s3h 8wfgh xoa mu ! c]t wfhwxc0’j 0ao16j ot7vos^;’ oevudD mv’fk 67

@? dko0Poltcf’7;k,I6hlbdfu.90v’oadIPo m,uj u8+\\z6j 6hmguj la’oadIPogd’aj wfhmu !D ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 7elu grvnj oIad s’a^ 9kdmIju 0h6 kj ;;kj 38gl’a oda IPogd’ja ]tf[a ,fa mtp,q 8oQ m;jq c0;’wfmh u !F gIkq Ilh6 db f.u 9sk^ pD 38lq,c]h;m9uj tg0qhkI;j ,gla’oadIPogd’aj m;qj xtgmf.ogfnvo|hkoU phvo;kj 38gxao7qom8uj ah’.9IPo ,u7;k,f5\\oaj c]t gxao7qol6h-qogIafly’j .fd=8hv’gIaf.shleg]afD gIqkwxIPo1;6j P’9aor5hod=,;j ofu 1fj6 vd c8dj =p’a [+moa ]B’g7upgloA mk’wx,kxko.fD [kfIvf,Nm3uj 8,k;P’ruh gIkq 7yf;kj r;dgIkq 7’q 9twfrh [q doa goktK 0=ltcf’7;k,fu.9oe38vudgmvnj |’jb D Iadcr’ c]t 7yfIvfltg\\u lkpg’oy #? ltcf’7;k,Ilh6 db fu.9.l.j oxB,[oa mdb xt9e;oa 0v’oda IPoz|h6 ’jb D ;aor5f mu @*}W_}@WW_ 9aj’c,jogIqkfu.91jk’l5f0t|kf muj,u]kp-njgxao8q;cmo0v’oadIPo-Ao,afmtpq,8Qo 0v’3I’IPowxmfa ltotldb lk 1xj6 tgmfpxju oj5 .ogfvn o|kh oDU DD 8vomvju k9koltg|-u zjn mh6 9ju twfwh xooA gIkq Ilh6 db 8onj g8oA fu.99oq [vd[+4ndD mevyf7yf;kj c,oj 7;k,/oa -oA fvd [kfgvkq ,n1ydc0o8oq gv’ 9bj’I6h;jkc,jo7;k,9y’DDD 7;k,/aomuj1kdwxmjP;8jk’xtgmf,kc8johvp [kfoUwfhdkpgxao 9’y c];h DDD \\kpgsfG !? dko0Poltcf’7;k,I6hlbdfu.9 ,da .-h.o3vdkfryglf0v’7qo.d-h yfD @? dko.-rh klk9tgxoa ]tf[a doa gv’s^kpd;kj mk’dkoD 7e4k, !? dko0Poltcf’7;k,Ilh6 db c,oj dko0Poco;.fL @? rklkmu.j shzqomk’vk]q,,u9ad]adltotL c8]j t]adltot,u7nco;.fL #? dko0Poltcf’7;k,I6hlbd,u9adxtgrfL c8]j txtgrf7ndao c]t 8kj ’daoco;.fL [qfg/ydsaf .shoadIPo0Po[qfltcf’7;k,xtma[.9F glp.9 c]t fu.9 1kj ’]t ! [qfD 68

[qfmu ) ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ dko0Po[qf;y9ko !D 7;k,\\kp0v’[qf;y9ko [fq ;y9ko c,oj [fq c8’j xtgrf|’jb g-’yj vu’.l7j ;k,IFh6 7;k,7yf c]t mfa ltots^da \\oha 0v’ z0h6 Po grvjn l’a gdfg[’jy [oa skooA ;kj 4dn sn^ zfy D 9kdooA F d4= vf4vogvkq 7;k,\\kp c]t 7o5 xt3spf 0v’[oa skooha 3fp,udko8e|yF dkory9k]tok c]t dko7oQ 7yf8db 8v’wxrvh ,D [+;kj ;Pd’ko 9tIkh p s^n fFu 4dn s^n zfy dl= k,kfpdq 0ohb ,k;9y kowfDh 8k,me,tfkc];h dko;9y ko[oa sk.f|’jb c,oj phv’p=ly’j mu4j nd8hv’ c]t 8e|yly’j muzj yfrkf0v’[aoskfa’j dkj ; grnvj gIafco;.f.shz6hvkj o ,u7;k,Ia[I6h c]t oewxg4y’dkodtmemu4j nd8hv’D @D ]adltot0v’[qf;y9ko [fq ;y9kog7up,u]da ltot8kj ’Mf’ja oUG @D! ;y9ko[aosk.f|bj’muj4nd8hv’lq,[6o c,jo[aoskmuj4nd8hv’ma’\\qf 3fp[+lk,kf9txt8yglfwfh \\kp7;k,;jk4ndda[7;k, gxao9y’ c]t ,u;ymtpklkfD 8q;1jk’G { ;y9ko7eg;qhk0v’mkj og]oyom;uj kj G <IPoF IPovudF IPog]NvpMwx< { ;y9ko7el5rklyfmu;j kj G <gdQkvqfgdQkgpNvo skd-ywfhmvj o7e< { ;y9ko7eg;Qk0v’mkj oz6hoem;uj kj G <r;dgIqk[+vkf/kd/’a mob Ivovaoxtgluf0v’-kfw;hd[a zh6m[uj +,u75olq,[fa c]t 7;k,lk,kfrP’r=<D @D@ ;y9ko[aosk.f|bj’muj4ndcfjzyfcfj c,oj [aoskm[uj +4nd8hv’lq,[6o9qo\\qf \\kp7;k,;kj ,ul;j o4nd c]t l;j ozyfD 8q;1jk’G { ;y9ko7el5rklyfmu;j kj G <8qd\\c6j Ih’gxaocIh’ 8dq \\dj6 kgxoa dk< <g[y’j -hk’.shg[y’j sk’ g[’yj ok’.sgh [’yj c,<j 69

{ ;y9ko7eg;qhkmu;j kj G ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ <r6,.9.oly’j mu8j qowfh r=.9.oly’j mu8j qo,u gxao7qo3-dfumulj 5f.o3]d<D @D# ;y9ko[aosk.f|bj’mujzyf\\qf c,oj ;y9ko[oa sk.f|’jb mguj soa ;kj zyfrkf g-’yj [+4ndd[a 7;k,gxoa 9y’.fMm’a \\fq D 8q;1jk’G { ;y9ko7eg;qhkmu;j kj G <7qogIqk9tI’aj ,u s^n m5dpkdc,oj phvo3-d-k8k< #D dko0Po[qf;y9ko 3fpmq;j wxc]h; [qf;y9koxtdv[fh;p # rkdl;j o7n 8ah’[aoskF cdhw0[aosk c]t lts^5[ [oa sk7nd[a [fq sfa c8’j xtgrfvonj MD ∗ dko8ah’[aosk 7nda[dko8’ha [aosk.o[fq safc8’j xtgrfvonj MD ∗dkocdhw0[aosk fegouo8k,;ymuf’aj oUG { l’a gdfg[’jy [oa skmoju egvkq ,k;9y koooha 4dn \\fq sn^ zfy \\fq s;n^ kj 4dn cfzj fy cfFj zfy 1[j6 vj o.fF 4nd1[j6 vj o.fD vtmy[kp7;k,\\kp];,0v’[oa skooA 3fpsp=Dh { vhk’gsfzqo1A’1noc’mj 4uj nd8hv’ c]t 8e|yc’mj zuj yfrkfD ltcf’mkj mugsaofugsaorhv, oec’mj u4j nd c]t 7af7hkoc’mj uzj yfD { 8db 8v’r9y k]tok7o5 xt3spf0v’[oa skooA D 9kdooha F 9’jb l’a ];,gvkq [oa skmwju fph dq 0oB ,koaho grvnj 4vf4vogxao[qfIPo c]t oe.-hg0qhk.odkofe]q’-u;yf8q;9y’D ∗ dkolts^5[[aosk l’a gdf8u]k7k[oa skooA 7no c];h ltcf’mfa ltot0v’8oq gv’8+[oa skf’ja dkj ;3fpsp=Dh 37’Ijk’8q;1jk’G [qf;y9ko7el5rklyfmuj;jkG <8dq \\cj6 I’h gxoa cI’h 8dq \\dj6 kgxoa dk< ∗ 8ah’[aosk ltrk[c;f]vh ,l’a 7,q ,lu ;j ol’jq zoq ltmvh og4’y 7oq gIkq 1kj ’g]dy g-’jy f’ja lr5 klfy [I6 kog7pu g;khq ;kj G <8dq \\cj6 I’h gxoa cI’h 8dq \\dj6 kgxoa dk<D ∗ cdhw0[aosk { vtmy[kp7;k,\\kp0v’7elr5 klyf3fpspG=h 70

7qogIqkfe]q’-u;yf16j.oltrk[c;f]hv,la’7q, s^n d5j,7qoco;.fpjv,9t8hv’wfhIa[zqo ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ ltmvh o9kdltrk[c;f]vh ,voa ooha D { 1’A 1on l;j om4ju dn G ltrk[c;f]hv,la’7q, l’qj zqoltmhvo8+7qogIqk Xvtmy[kp{ryl6f?D { 7fa 7kh ol;j omzuj yfG ltrk[c;f]hv,[+vkfl’qj zqoltmhvog4y’7qogIqkwfh\\qfm5d1kj ’ c]t [+c,oj 9tgIaf.sh7qo gIqkgxaowx8k,ltrk[c;f]hv,oaho1kj ’0kf8q; Xvtmy[kp{ryl6f?D { 8bd8v’F ry9k]tokG l5rklyfouhltcf’.shgsao;kj ltrk[c;f]hv,lq’j zqoltmhvo1kj ’g]ydg-y’j 8+7qogIqk vaooAo c,oj dfq gdo0v’l’a 7,q 1kj ’|’jb D grnjv1kdgxao7qofu gIqkvkfg]nvdg2Aogvqkltrk[c;f]hv,mujfugrnjvgIaf;PdF gruj,r6o zt]yfzqoF -vdI6hIOIPooez6h,uxtlq[dko c]t \\76j z6j 6hmfuj uD g,vnj 8qd1.6j oltrk[m[uj +fu d=[+7;oxtxvj p.shzqoltmhvovao-;qj Ihkpcdfj b’gIqkwxD { vkh ’sda^ 4koG .odkoIOIPo c]t dkor;q roa \\gj6 rvjn o 8vh ’8kh odkor;q roa d[a 7oq m9ju trkgIkq wxmk’[f+ Du f’ja ooha F 9t8vh ’g]nvdgvkq dkor;q roa m4ju dn 8vh ’ X,udkol’a gdfr9y k]tokF 9ecod voa fuvoa Ikh p?D ∗ lts^5[[aosk 9kdlr5 klfy f’ja dkj ; gIkq l’a gdfgsoa dkol’jq zoq ltmvh o0v’l’jy c;f]vh ,87+ oq gIkq g-’jy lr5 k lfy odU ,= lu ;j o4dn c]t l;j ozfy D g4’y 1kj ’.fd8= k, ,oa dp= ’a ,xu t3spfg8vn olt8ry ;dgIkq .sgh vkq .9 .ldj Pj ;d[a ltrk[c;f]vh ,l’a 7,q 1vj6 vh ,0kh ’;kj 7;oI[a gvkq c8lj ’jy mfju u c]t rtpkpk,sdu^ g;oA l’jy m[uj +fu rvh ,doa ooA d=x[a x’5 8oq gv’vudf;h pD { le][a oda IPo gIqk7;os^+s^v,8qogv’co;.fL [qf;y9ko8q;1jk’ 8q;1jk’mu ! ;y9ko7el5rklyfmu;j kj G <8qd\\6cj Ih’gxaocIh’ 8dq \\dj6 kgxoa dk< ltrk[c;f]vh ,l’a 7,q ,lu ;j ol’jq zoq ltmvh o1kj ’g]dy g-’jy g4’y 7oq gIkq f’ja lr5 klfy dkj ;w;;h kj G <8dq \\cj6 I’h gxoa cI’h 8dq \\dj6 kgxoa dk<. g,vjn gIkq fe]’q -;u fy 1.j6 oltrk[c;f]vh ,l’a 7,q co;.fF d,j5 7oq .fdp= vj ,9twfIh [a zoq ltmvh o 9kdltrk[c;f]hv,vaooAoD ltrk[c;f]hv,la’7q,gxaoxafw91kj ’|b’j mulj tmhvog4y’co;7yf 9fy .9F dkoxtrfb F dkodtme8kj ’M0v’7oq mfju e]’q -;u fy 1.6j ol’a 7,q ooha MD ltrk[c;f]vh ,l’a 7,q 71

,mu ’a voa fu c]t voa [f+ Fu 4kh ;kj 7oq gIkq skd,su da^ \\oha fu d9= twfIh [a c8lj ’jy mfju u c]t .omk’d’q doa 0kh , ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 4hk7qogIqkskd7voc7od=9twfhIa[ly’j mu[j +fug-aoj fP;daoD l5rklyf]k;[qf|b’j g7upla’j lvow;h;kj <rq[7qofu,ulucdj8q; rq[7qo-qj;rk8q;\\qjo\\v’< oahod=ltcf’.shgsao7;k,le7ao0v’ltrk[ c;f]hv,la’7q,mu,j u8+7qogIqkD 4hkrq;raoda[7qofu d=9trk.shgIqkwxmk’mufj uF 4hkrq;raoda[7qo-q;j d=9trkgIqkwx.omk’m[uj +fu rk.shgduf7;k,glvnj ,glpD f’aj dkorq;rao]ts;kj ’\\g6j rvnj ofh;pdao 4hkgIqkrq;raoda[grnvj omufj u d=9trkgIqkdtmec8lj y’j mufj u g-aoj ;kj grnvj o0v’gIqkgxaoz6h,adIOIPo f\\5 oja 7oQ 7;kh gvkq .9.lgj Ifa ;Pd’koF [s+ oY^ [m+ Pj ; c]t ,7u o5 l,q [fa fu grvjn ozoh6 oA d9= trkgIkq IOIPoF rkgIqk7Qo7;hk[qfIPoF zqomu8j k,,kgIqkd=9tdkpgxaoz6h,adIPo c]t IPowfhfuD .omk’dq’dao 0kh , 4kh gIkq skd,gu rvjn ogxoa 7oq 0]U da grvjn of’ja dkj ;d9= tpp5 ’q sn^ -da -;ogIkq ]da 7dn oa d[a g0kq c];h zoq lf5 mkh pd9= t8dq g0khq lgj6 loA mk’mzju fy rkfD f’ja ooA F gIkq 9’jb gsoa wf;h kj ltrk[c;f]vh ,,lu ;j om9ju tl’jq zqoltmhvo8+dkodtme c]t co;7yf0v’7qogIqkD g;Qkco;ouh [+\\kp7;k,;kj ,ao9tl’qj zqoltmhvog4y’7qogIqkwfh\\qfm5d1kj ’D 7el5rklyf[qf odU ,= lu ;j ozfy rkfD 7oq gIkq lk,kfffa cx’8oq gv’wfFh [c+ ,oj ;kj 7oq gIkq 1.j6 oltrk[c;f]vh ,l’a 7,q mujfuc]h; d=9tfuwx\\qfF 4hkgIqkskd[+I6h9adIPoF [+I6h9adg/yd/qos^+s^v,8qogv’d=[+vkf9tfuwfhD dq’dao0hk,skd1.6j oltrk[c;f]hv,m[uj +veo;p d=[+\\kp7;k,;kj 7qogIqk9tgxao7qo-;qj wx\\qfF g,vnj gIkq skdI9h6 da 7yfF ry9k]tokffa cx’8oq gv’ Ifh6 uI-h6 ;jq F I4h6 ndIzh6 yfd=lk,kfgIfa .s8h oq gv’dkp gxao7qofuwfhg-oaj fP;daoD ,us^kp7v[7q;F s^kp[5d7qo r+c,gj xaorP’xt-k-qome,tfkF [+,u]tfa[ 7;k,Ih6 ]d6 gdfu ,kd[= c+ ,oj ;kj 9t7dn [a rc+ ,\\j fq md5 1kj ’ 4kh skd-vdltcs;’skIPoIh6 dl= k,kf gxaoz6h,u7;k,dhk;|hk ,u7;k,I6h7;k,lk,kfl6’wfhD .omk’dq’dao0hk, g4y’;kj r+c,j s^n 7qo.o 7v[7q;9t,u7;k,I6hl6’rP’.f c8]j 6draf[+gvqk.9.lIj OIPoF [+lqo.9-vdsk;y-k7;k,I6h.l8j q; ]6dd=[+lk,kf9tgxaof’aj r+c,wj fhD oUltcf’;kj ltrk[c;f]hv,[+lk,kfl’qj zqoltmhvog4y’7qo gIkq \\fq md5 1kj ’wfDh 7oq gIkq 1.j6 ol’a 7,q .fd8= k, g,vjn 1kdgxoa 7oq fFu ,7u ;k,dkh ;|kh dv= kfg]vn dgvkq ltrk[c;f ]vh ,mfju Fu \\kp7;k,;kj g]vn dr;q roa c8lj ’jy mfju Du g,vjn 8dq g0kQ ltrk[c;f]vh ,m[ju f+ u d[= 7+ ;oxtxvj p .svh oa [f+ cu dfj ’b gIkq wxD .odkoIOIPo c]t dkor;q roa \\7j6 dj6 g= -oja fP;doa 7;og]vn dgvkq dkor;q roa mugj sao;kj 4nd8hv’ c]t 9toe8qogv’wx.omk’fuF s^udg;Aodkorq;raoda[d5,j 7qomu9j trk8qowx.o mk’glpskpF glpdkoIPoD .odkor;q roa \\7j6 dj6 7= ;og[’jy vdu ;kj z.h6 ffcu mFh z.h6 fl,q 7;o9tgvkq gxoa grvnj o c]t [+l,q 7;ogvkq gxoa grvnj oD l’yj f’ja dkj ;oU ,oa gxoa l’yj mmuj d5 7oq 8vh ’wfrh y9k]tokF 8db 8v’ 9’bj 9t[+.sh8qogv’glpmkf0kf75o s^n Ia[gvqk zqoltmhvovao[+fu9kdltrk[c;f]hv,oAoD 72

9kddko;y9ko,k0hk’gmy’F gIqkla’gdfgsao;kj 7el5rklyfoU,uma’l;j o4nd c]t l;j ozyfD ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ g4y’1kj ’.f,oa d=gxoa xt3spf.odkog8nvolt8yr;dgIkq .sgh vkq .9.lgj 4y’ltrk[c;f]vh ,l’a 7,q mu1j 6vj hv,0hk’D 7;opv,Ia[gvqkltrk[mufj u c]t rtpkpk,fafcx’ltrk[mu[j +fuF rhv,daooAo df= fa cx’8oq gv’vdu f;h pD le][a oda IPor;dgIkq l’jy f’ja dkj ;,kooA wfgh xoa 7t8ly vo.9.sgh Ikq I9h6 da rq;rao\\76j .6j ola’7q, c]t I6h9adIOIPogvqkc8lj ’yj mfuj ugmkqj oAoD 8q;1jk’mu @ ;y9ko7eg;Qk0v’mkj og]oyomu;j kj G <IPoF IPovudF IPog]NvpMwx< 7;k,I0h6 v’7oq gIkq [,+ pu k,rP’r= c]t [,+ pu k,loY lf5 gxoa 9da gmvjn F [,+ .u zfvdm9ju tcddj kp IPoD f’ja ooA F g,vjn 1kd,7u ;k,I9h6 ’jb 9egxoa 8vh ’IPo IPosk^ pgmkjq .fdp= ’jy gIfa .sgh Ikq Ish6 k^ pgmkjq ooA f’aj mkj og]oyowfhdkj ;w;h;kj G <IPoF IPovudF IPog]NvpMwx<D 7oq gIkq [,+ 7u ;k,lk,kfIv[I\\h6 fq md5 l’jy md5 1kj ’wfh c8gj ;kQ co;odU [= \\+ kp7;k,;kj 7;k,Ih6 0v’7qogIqk,u0v[g0f9edafF dq’dao0hk,7qogIqklk,kfI6hs^kpl’jy s^kp1kj ’ c]t ,u7;k,I6hg]yd g-y’j c]t d;hk’0;k’wfhfh;pdko-vdltcs;’skIPoD [+,u[5d7qo.fdhkg;Qkfvd;kj 8qogv’I6h \\qfm5dl’yj m5d1kj ’c]h;[+9egxaoIPovudF p’yj IPos^kpgmkqj .f d=p’yj gIaf.sh1kdI6hs^kp0Bogmkqj oAoD 7eg;Qk0v’mkj og]oyomu;j kj G <IPoF IPovudF IPog]NvpMwx< 9b’j gxao7eg;Qkmu4j nd8hv’mulj 5f c]t [+,uz6h.f9txt8yglfwfhD dkoIPoc,oj ly’j 9egxao c]t le7aos^kple]a[m5d7qoD 7;k,lts^P; lts^kfF lt8yxaopkws;ry[8kj ’M]h;oc8wj fh9kddkoIPoma’oAoD dkoIPolhk’7;k,I6h7;k, lk,kf0v’7qo .shoewx.=-hxt3spf.odkofe]q’-u;yf8q;9y’wfhgxao1kj ’fuD 7oq gIkq m1ju .j6 ol’a 7,q |’jb MF 1kd,7u ;k,dkh ;|kh F 1kd,7u ;k,leg]fa .o|kh m;ju Pd’ko8kj ’M oAoF xafw9mu9j t8aflyowfhd=7n 7;k,I6h7;k,lk,kf c]t 4hk1kd,u7;k,I6h7;k,lk,kfd=8hv’ wfhIPoD dkoIPo9tgdufgxaozqo0bho.o,N|bj’pk,fP;c,jogxaowx[+wfh ,ao9t8hv’wfh.-hg;]kF .-h7;k,f5\\ajo0tspaorPoIPowxg]NvpM c]t [+,ug;]k.fmuj,ao9tl;kpwx9adgmnjvD ,uc8j dkoIPogmqjkoAo9bj’9tgIaf.shgIqkgxao7qogdaj’wfhD dkoIPo[+c,jo9tIPogvqkc8jrP’myfltfu c]h;g0qhk.9;kj rP’r=F 9t8hv’wfhIPooe;Pd’ko8q;9y’F IPooez6h,u7;k,I6hF IPooe,tsk-qo c]t vojn MF 9’jb o[a ;kj [,+ pu k,loY lf5 gxoa 9da gmvjn D .o8;q 9’y 8;q 1kj ’okp-kj ’dg+ Ivn oz|h6 ’jb ovd9kd ]k;,u7;k,I6hdjP;da[;ymugIafgInvoc]h; ]k;pa’IPoI6hwxg]NvpM ;jkgIafco;.f9t.shgInvo ooA ’k,F 4dn .9z1h6 Fj6 ,7u ;k,moq mko1wj6 ffh oq oko g-’jy dkoIPoI.h6 og]vjn ’o[U +c,oj ]k;9tIwh6 f3h ]fF ]k;9t8vh ’IPooeg;]kgIfa 8;q 9’y F IPooezmh6 ,ju [u fq IPoF IPooemd5 l’jy md5 1kj ’m9ju t-;j p.s]h k;Ih6 c]t g0Qk.9djP;da[dkogIafgInvo.shs^kp0Bo9bj’9tgduf7;k,-eoy-eokoD r+okd=g\\nvodaoF ]k;,7u ;k,Idh6 Pj ;d[a dkogIfa ok ]k;dp= ’a 8vh ’wfIh Powxg]vN pM;kj gIfa co;.f9t.swh fgh 0kQ sk^ pF 73

9tx6dg0Qk-toyf.f.shg\\ktda[fyoF 9t.lj/5jo-toyf.f.shg\\ktda[g0QkF ]k;d=8hv’wfhIPooe ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ dkogIfa ok0v’]k;c8]j tx;u kj 7;o9t gIfa ;my .u f9’jb 9twfgh 0kQ sk^ pd;kj xzu kj o,k c]t x8u M+ wxD 9bj’g;Qkwfh;jkdkoIPooAo,ao9toe7;k,I6h1jk’s^;’s^kp,k.shgIqk c]t 7;k,I6hfaj’djk;oAo d=[+,upk,9trP’r=D f’ja ooA F dkoIPod=[+,upk,9tlYolf5 D 1kdIdh6 =8vh ’IPowxg]NvpMD .odkoIOIPo0v’oda IPor;dgIkq c];h p’yj 4ngxoa 7t8yxt9e.9mluj e7oa D r;dgIkq IPooe 7v6 k9koooA p’a [+moa rP’r=gmvnj D 1kdg0kQ .9[fq IPo.swh ffh u c]t g]ydg-’yj wfh ,oa IPdIvh ’.sgh Ikq 8hv’gxao7qo0tspao\\aoj rPoF ,u7;k,f5\\aoj IOIPoF f5\\aoj 7qho7;hk-vdI6hfh;p8qogv’F \\aoj vkj oF \\aoj cdh[qfg/ydsaf -vdg;]kIPo.shs^kpgmqkj mu9j ts^kpwfhD 4hkgIqkIPos^kp d=9tgIaf.shgIqk,u 7;k,Ish6 k^ p c]t d;kh ’0;k’vvd g-’jy 9tgIfa .sgh Ikq g0kQ .9[fq IPowfgh xoa 1kj ’fDu <IPoF IPovdu F IPog]NvpMwx< 9’bj gxao7eg;Qkm4uj nd8hv’ c]t -afg9omluj 5f g,vnj gIqkskdpbf4n7eg;QkoU gxaoco; mk’.odkoIPoc]h; cooj vo;kj 9t8hv’,u7;k,dhk;|hk c]t ,uzqoleg]af.o;Pd’ko0v’ 8oq 1kj ’[+8vh ’l’q wlD 9kddko;9y ko,k0kh ’gm’y gIkq gsoa ;kj 7eg;kQ 0v’mkj og]ooy mwju flh ’ja lvow;oh oA o[a ;kj gxoa xt3spf1kj ’s;^ ’sk^ p.srh ;dgIkq I;h6 kj 9tdtme8oq co;.f9’jb 9tgIfa .s8h oq gv’ ,7u ;k,I3h6 fpcmh 9’y D dkoIPoooA p’a [m+ oa l;kple][a r;dgIkq IPoc];h IPovdu IPowxg]vN pMF vtok7fq 7;k, s;a’pa’]=4hk c]t gxao0v’gIqkltg\\uD 8q;1jk’mu # ;y9ko7eg;Qkmu;j kj G <7qogIqk9tIa’j ,u s^n m5dpkd c,oj phvo3-d-k8k< 7oq 9tfu s^n -;jq F 9tI’ja ,u s^n md5 pkdooA ,us^kp7oq p’a g-vjn doa ;kj c,oj pvh o[o5 de s^n ;klt|k -k8krkgxoa [+,u.zs^ud|u9kdl’yj oUwxwfDh f’ja 7eg;kQ m;uj kj G <7oq gIkq 9tI’ja ,u s^n md5 pkd c,oj pvh o 3-d-k8k<D ;klt|k s^n 3-d-k8k c,oj 7;k,g-nvj vao|b’j 0v’7qogIqk,k8A’c8.j fMD 7;k,g-nvj 4nfa’j dkj ; 8qd,kIvfxaf95[aooU d=pa’,us^kp7qog-nvj ;kj gxao7;k,9y’ 9qo,u7emugj 7updkj ;dao;kj G <c0’j sp’a c0’j wfh c8[j +,.u zc0’j [o5 ;klt|kwf<h D ooA dl= tcf’;kj 7oq gIkq 9tgxoa co;.f ooA c,oj pvh o ;klt|k c]t 3-d-k8k8aflyoD 7eg;Qkfa’j dkj ;oU gxao7eg;Qkmuzj yfrkfmulj 5fD 7qogIqk9tIa’j ,u sn^ md5 9oq ,oa [0+ oB d[a 3-d-k8kc81j kj ’.fF ,oa skd0oB 1dj6 [a dkodtme0v’7oq 8kj ’skdD 8;q 1kj ’ gIkq 1kddyog0kQ 9t7v’4kh c83j -d-k8k 3fp[+-vdsk s^n xd6 g0kQ dyogIkq 9t,ug0kQ dyowfch o;.fD 7;k,I’ja ,u sn^ md5 pkd[c+ ,oj ;klt|krkgxoa 4kh gIkq 1kdI’ja 1kd,Du 1kd,1u ,j6 du oy v,ju |ele]ko c8[j +gIaf[+me,uc87j v’7vp;klt|k-k8k-;j pD 9to’aj 4hkvud-kf|hkgIqkd=[+lk,kfrq[r=hwfhD 74

7qogIqkc8]j t7qogduf0Bo,k [+c,oj 9t4ngvqkg’yogvqk7evvd,krhv,F m5d7qogduf,kfh;plv’/k ,ngxkqj l’yj le7ao1kdI’aj 1kd,u0Bo,kwfh d=8hv’wfhfYoIqo-vdskfh;poEgsvnj c]t cI’’ko0v’ 8qogv’ ,uc8lj v’/k,nF 7;k,7yf c]t 7;k,rkdrPo0v’gIqkgmkqj oaho mu9j t-;j pgIqkwfhF 9twx vkwl3-d-k8kooA c,oj gxoa wx[w+ fh sn^ g;kQ vdu 1kj ’|’jb -k8k0v’gIkq 1mj6 dju kodtme0v’gIkq gv’D g,nvj skd7yf;kj 3-d-k8k9t-;j pgIqkoAo 9b’j gxao7;k,7yfmuzj yfrkfmulj 5fD ,ul5rklyf [qf |’bj l’aj lvow;h;kj G <7vpc8[j o5 ,k7E [+megvkq ,oa [+c,oj 4hkc8[j 5olq’j .sh -ywxwfh[vj o.f< lr5 klyf[fq oU4nd8vh ’ c]t .s7h o5 7kj lvo.9gIkq 1kj ’s^;’s^kpD 7oq m4uj n3-d-k8k wfch 8oj ’ja rk;tok.s3h -d-k8k-;j p 3fp[+wfgh Ifa wfmh esp’a ooA xP[g\\vn o7oq 3llf5 \\fq s;’a F -vdskgloA mk’vvd.sch d8j oq gv’[+wfDh -E[+|eg,vjn 7fy ;kj 8oq gv’]e[kd s^n 8dq md5 wfph kdF 9tgIfa 9tdtme vao.f d=4Y,3mf.l3j -d-k8k[+-;j p 4hk7yfco;oU[+,u3vdkfmu9j tdhk;|hkwfhgxaogfaf0kfD [+,u.z fvdm9ju tI’ja ,Fu ,7u ;k,ld5 3fp[z+ kj ozkj 7;k,sp’h5 pkd]e[kd c]t zkj o;Pd’ko8;q 9’y 1kj ’,u ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 7;k,vqfmqoD dkogvqk,ndkj p|hkzkd7yfgvqkoAo c,oj 7;k,7yfmzuj yfrkfmluj 5fD ltoAoF 9b’j g;Qkwfh;kj 7qogIqk9tIa’j ,u s^n m5dpkdoAo [+c,oj phvo3-d-k8kD 7;k,9y’mulj 5f c,jo0bho16jda[dkodtme0v’7qogIqkD 1jk7yfgvqk7;k,g-njv4nfaj’djk;gxao7;k,7yf7v[’e8qoD ly’j mulj e7ao c]t 4nd8hv’mulj 5f16mj u8j q;gIqkgv’F 3-d-k8koAod=16mj u8j q;gIqkF dtmegvqkF lhk’gvqkF lts;oa -;j p7oq m-uj ;j p8oq gv’ltg\\uD $D dkolq,mP[]ts;jk’[qfvtmy[kpF [qfryl6f c]t [qf;y9ko $D! 95f7ndao 1.j6 o[fq vtmy[kpF rylf6 c]t ;y9ko c8]j txtgrf[fq f’ja dkj ;];h oc88j vh ’dko.-h dkovtmy [kpF ryl6f c]t ;y9koI;j ,dao1.6j o[qffP;dao rP’c88j hv’dko|hvps^kp8kj ’daogmkqj oAoD $D@ 95f8jk’dao .o[fq vtmy[kpF dko.-gh sfzoq grvnj -Uc9’[oa skgxoa l;j ole7oa F dkovkh ’s^da 4ko 8;q 9y’ c]t ;y9kogxaol;j oleIv’D .o[fq rly f6 F dkovkh ’sda^ 4ko8;q 9’y ,k1’A 1on gxoa l;j ole7oa F dko-cU 9’[oa sk c]t ;9y ko gxoa l;j oleIv’D le][a [fq ;9y koooA xtdv[f;h pl;j o8kj ’M70n kh ’gm’y c8gj xoa rP’leIv’D l;j ole7oa c]t 8Qo8=c,oj dkow9hcpdF ;y9kovao4ndzyf c]t xt3spf0v’[aoskD 75

8k8t]k’xP[mP[]ts;kj ’[qfvtmy[kpF [qfryl6f c]t [qf;y9ko [qfvtmy[kp [qfryl6f [fq ;y9ko { ;y9ko c]t ryl6flAoM { vtm[y kp7;k,\\kp0v’[oa sk { vtm[y kp c]t rly f6 loA M { vtmy[kpf;h pgsfzoq gxoa 8oQ 8={ ;y9koloA M { ;9y kogxoa [oa skle7oa 8oQ 8= { vkh ’s^da 4ko8;q 9y’gxoa 8oQ 8= 8;q 1kj ’G Ikj ’dkocdhw0[aosk.o[qf # xtgrf0hk’gmy’ sq;[qfG <7;k,lk,ad7ugxaode]a’,tsklko< [qfvtmy[kp [qfryl6f [qf;y9ko { lk,ad7uc,oj co;.fL { 7;k,lk,ad7uc,oj spa’L { 7;k,lk,ad7uc,oj spa’Lສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ Xvtmy[kplAoM? Xvtmy[kploA M? { gsf.f9b’j ;kj 7;k,lk,ad { vhk’s^ad4koG lk,ad7ugxao { vhk’s^ad4kolAoM 7ugxaode]a’vao,tsklko de]a’,tsklko X95f8Qo8=? { ;y9koG zqoxt3spf0v’ X95f8Qo8=? { zqoxt3spf0v’7;k,lk 7;k,lk,ad7uD lk,ad7u { vhk’s^ad4kolAoM ,ad7u X;y9kolAoM? da[.zL lk,ad7uco;.fL { zqoxt3spf0v’7;k, lk,da 7ugrvnj sp’a L lk,ad7u X;y9kolAoM? X9f5 8oQ 8=? 8q;1kj ’G [qfxtlq,vtmy[kp c]t ryl6f sq;[qfvtmy[kp{ryl6f7el5rklyfmu;j kj <gdQkvqfgdQkgpNvo skd-ywfhmvj o7e<D 7;k,vqfmqortpkpk,gxaosqomk’rkwxl76j ;k,leg]af.o|hkmudj ko’ko8kj ’MD f’aj oAoF [6Iko 9b’j ,u7elvow;h;kj G <gdQkvqfgdQkgpNvo skd-ywfhmvj o7e<D 7;k,vfq moq wfdh kpgxoa xfa w9voa |’jb mlju e7oa 0v’,tof5 g-’jy ,tof5 md5 7oq [v+ kflk,kf0kf xfa w9owU fh 4kh [d5 7oq .f0kf7;k,vfq moq .odkoldb lkIOIPo sn^ gIfa |kh m;ju Pd’ko8kj ’M dp= kd mu9j tdhk;wxl67j ;k,leg]afwfh fa’j 7eg;Qkmu;j kj <7;k,vqfmqortpkpk,16[j vj o.f 7;k,leg]af 1[6j vj ooAo< ltoAo7e;kj <vqf< c,oj ltcf’g4y’9yf.9pbf\\AoF 8+l6h c]t 8A’\\Ao.ov5fq,dkovao.f vao|bj’ grnjvdhk;wxl6j7;k,leg]af.ogxQk\\kpfja’djk;oAo.shwfhD 4hkr;dgIqk,u7;k,vqfmqo 76

cojovozqoleg]afd=9t8hv’8k,,k9t-hk s^n w;l5fmhkpd=8hv’wfhfaj’xtlq’D c8j.o[k’gmnjv ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 4hkr;dgIqkvqfrP’7A’|’bj pk,fP; vkf[+rP’r= s^n [+g\\ktda[7;k,sp5h’pkdla[lqo0v’|hk mu;j Pd’komurj ;dgIqkde]a’xtg-uo16j grnvj .sh;Pd’komurj ;dgIqkfegouo16oj Ao,uxtlyfmyzqo c]t leg]fa 8k,7kf\\kp r;dgIkq 8vh ’dko7e;kj <vfq < sk^ pMgmvjn 9’jb 9txtl[q zoq leg]fa wfDh <7e< \\kpg4’y ;fa 4l5 ’jy |’jb m,ju 7u o5 7kj ]k7kcr’ lk,kfcxI[6 ,kgxoa g7vjn ’xtf[a gvmh ,ju 7u ;k,l;plfq ’qf’k, gxaoly’j \\kp8k c]t 8hv’dko0v’z6hrq[gsao 1kdwfh,k7v[7v’D c8j <mvj o7e< .o 7elr5 klfy 0kh ’gm’y ooA \\kpg4’y zoq leg]fa mwju f,h k9kd7;k,vfq moq g-’jy zoq 8v[cmo0v’7;k, vfq moq rtpkpk,ooA ,oa vkf9tvvd,k.oI[6 0v’;fa 45 sn^ 9fy .9 d,= 7u o5 7kj le][a ,tof5 gIkq m’a ooA 7nfa’j w]ptgIafdkoxt8y;af-kf xt-kmyxtw8F [aofkz6hoe0v’dkoxt8y;af rhv,fh;pvhkpohv’ mtskoF rtoda ’koF r+c,xj t-k-oq [oa fkgzkjq zmh6 ,ju ou E.9Ida -kf\\fq md5 7oq wf7h P’[kj 7P’ws8^j +lh6 8kh or;d9da dtrfa ]kj s;q g,vn ’0oB c[[gdkjq c]t c[[.\\j g-’jy gxoa dko8l+ mh6 lju f5 clo]tvfy ]tvPh ; ]e[kdF pnfgpNvpk;okoD g4y’xkooAod=8k,oadIq[xt8y;afm5d7qowfhvqfmqo8+l6hzkj ozkj v5xtlad okokxtdkog-aoj G /qo8qd]q,cI’F mkddafp5’dyoD ly’j gs^qkj oUgxaorP’[aoskg]adohvpF le]a[ oda I[q xt8y;fa c];h [oa skmpuj ’yj .spcj ,oj dko8+ldh6 [a lfa 8m6 ,uj ude]’a roq voa g|nvd;kj F m’a vk;f5 pf5 3mxtdvod=maoltw\\ c8pj hvooE.9Iad-kfvaol6’lq’j 0v’[aofkoadIq[xt8y;af c]t r+c,xj t -k-oq zmh6 ,ju ou E.9Ida -kfmd5 7oq D lf5 mkh pdl= k,kf8gu vkq -totr;dlfa 8I6 d5 IkowfFh lk,kfxfq xvj p xtgmf-kfvvd9kdcvd7v[7v’0v’r;d9da dtrfa ]kj g,vn ’0oB gIfa .sxh t-k-oq ]k;m’a -kf ,uvyflts^trk[ oAo7nzqoleg]afmuwj fh9kddkovqfmqo8+l6hgxaog;]ks^kply[xuD ,kg4y’xaf95[aooU 7oq ]k;wfgh xoa g9kQ 0v’xtgmf-kf pm6 kj ’me,kskdyolkh ’[kh ocx’g,nv’D 4kh g;kQ g4y’-k;ok mmuj edkozt]yfdvj o9twfgh 0kQ d=8vh ’wfvh fq moq zkj ozkj 8+7;k,md5 pkd c]t g;]kG o[a c8wj 4If5 F w47QoF s;kj odhkF xadfeF s^qdsphkF .l/j 5oj F gda[dPj ;DDD ly’j fa’j dkj ;oAo -k;ok8hv’wfhvqfmqozkj o zkj md5 0t[;odko0oA 8voD g4’y /oq 9t8dq cff9tdkh -k;okd[= w+ fsh ;kfs;oja grvjn .szh oq zt]fy wfh g8a,g,afg8a,|j;pD c8jdq’dao0hk, 4hk-k;okr;dgIqk0kf7;k,vqfmqog-ajoG cffdhkd=15fF /oq 8dq dg= -kq F g,vjn psk^ pd1= kj DDD dkogIfa wI.j loj kd9= t[m+ oa d[a ]tfd6 ko zoq gd[a dPj ;d9= t[w+ fIh [a zoq fu -;u fy dkogxoa 1dj6 9= tmd5 pkd0kfg0ou D -;u fy 0v’oda IPor;dgIkq dg= -oja fP;doa 4kh 1kdIPo.sgh d’ja gla’.shwfh d=9egxao8hv’vqfmqortpkpk, .odko7Qo7;hkIOIPoF cdh[qfg/ydsafF 4k,76vk9ko .ol’jy m8ju oq gv’[m+ oa g0kQ .9fu sn^ loq mtokc]dxPj o[fq IPod[a \\7j6 Dj6 ovd9kdoFU dkoxt8[y fa ]t[P[ ;wy odg= xoa l’jy m8ju vh ’wfgh vkq .9.lj grkt;kj ovd9kd9tIPogd’ja c];h r;dgIkq p’a 8vh ’,7u o5 l,q [fa fu vdu f;h p 9’jb 9tl,q gxoa lfy gvd0v’76 gxoa ]d6 7eIh6 0v’rc+ ,j gxoa 7oq f0u v’l’a 7,q D ltooA F md5 7oq 8vh ’ ,u7;k,vqfmqo grnvj .shgduf75oxt3spfvaol6’l5f.shcd8j qogv’ c]t xtgmf-kfD 77

zkj odko.sgh sfzoq c]t vkh ’sda^ 4ko8;q 9’y ,k0kh ’gm’y r;dgIkq gsoa wf;h kj [;+ kj ;Pd’ko ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ .fM9tovh p sn^ .spdj ]= ;h oc88j vh ’dko7;k,,kotvfq moq rtpkpk, 9’jb 9tdkh ;wxlzj6 oq leg]fa wfDh f’aj ooA F r;dgIkq p’a 1.j6 ow;IPo9egxoa 8vh ’wfgh /dy /oq 8oq .s,h 7u ;k,vfq moq g0kQ .odkoldb lkIOIPo grnjvoegvqk7;k,I6h7;k,lk,kfwxlhk’lkrafmtokxtgmf lkmk]tot]af xt-kmyw8 xt-k-oq ]k; .s9h tg]uoI’j5 gInv’0Bog]NvpMD sq;[qf 9q’j vtmy[kpF ryl6f c]t ;y9ko7e7t8yrqf0v’ mkj o wdlvo rq,;ysko mu;j kj G <r;dgIqk[+vkf/kd/a’mboIvovaoxtgluf0v’-kfoe7qomuj[+,u75olq,[af c]t 7;k, lk,kfrP’r=D< [qfc8j’ xtgmf-kf[hkog,nv’0v’r;dgIqk9t,u7;k,9tg]uoI5’j gInv’lu;yw]dhk;|hkwfh d=8+g,nvj ,udhvombovaoxtgluf c]t ,u-a[rtpkdvo,to5fmuj,u7;k,lk,kfvaol6’lqj’D 4hk7qo.o-kf skd0kf75olq,[af c]t 7;k,lk,kfc]h; xtgmf-kf0v’r;dgIqkd=9t[+,u7;k,dhk;|hk 7nfa’j 7eg;Qk0v’ mkj o wdlvo rq,;ysko wfhdkj ;w;h;kj G <r;dgIqk[+vkf/kd/a’mboIvovao xtgluf0v’-kfoe7qomu[j +,u75olq,[af c]t 7;k,lk,kfrP’r=<D mob Ivovoa xtgluf0v’-kfc,oj -[a rtpkdvome,t-kf gxoa 8oQ xkj w,Fh [+3]stF g7vnj ’7E 0v’76oF ,6o,a’,=]tfqd0v’xt-k-qo c]t -a[rtpkdvo,to5fg-aoj G vto5-qoF gpqk;t-qo c]t -k;|5,j DDD g-y’j -a[rtpkdvoma’lv’1kj ’oU9tgxaode]a’cI’.odkorafmtoklhk’lkxtgmf -kfwxlj6 7;k,vf5 ,q I’ja ,gu 0,A c0’D f’ja ooA F r;dgIkq gvkq mob Ivovoa xtglfu gskjq^ owU ;dh [a 7oq co;.f c]t gxaospa’ r;dgIqk9b’j [+/kdw;hda[[5d7qomu[j +,u75olq,[af c]t 7;k,lk,kfrP’r=L vaooU dp= vh o;kj 7oq m[ju ,+ 7u o5 l,q [fa gxoa 7oq m;ju kffe]’q -;u fy m[ju l+ vf7vj ’d[a Ifu 7v’xtgrovu oa f’u k, c]t dqf\\kp0v’-kf [hkog,nv’D ovd9kdoUF pa’gxaoz6h,uco;7yf7a[c7[F 3][,kd3]rkF l=h]kf [a’s^;’DDD 4hkr;dgIqkgvqkdhvombovaoxtgluf0v’-kfw;hda[7qo9er;doU ,aod=[+8kj ’spa’da[ </kdw0wj ;hda[dk /kd\\kw;hda[c0h<D 8q;9y’,aod=wfhryl6f.shr;dgIqkgsaoc]h; 16.j o]t[v[gdqkj zkj o,k r;dg9kQ 0o5 ,o5 okpm’a s^kpwfdh v[3dpgvkq -[a rtpkdvome,t-kfwxlkh ’I’ja 7o6 ,.u sh cdrj ;d,aoD r;d,ao,u7;k,lt|5dlt|ko [qo7;k,vbfsy;F 1kfg]nvf c]t oE8k0v’xt -k-qoz6hvvdcI’’koF r;dg0qkwfhgIaf.shxtgmf-kf 8qdgxaosq;g,nv’0Bo0v’-kf8jk’fhk; gIaf.shxt-k-qo]Q,skp8kp9kdphvolq’7k,I5dIko0v’r;d9addtrafF gIaf.shgfadohvpvto5 -qogpqk;t-qodkpgxao7qo3’j9hks^hks^a’F -k;|5j,gxaooadg]’vaomtrkoF py’lk;gxao3lgrouDDD voa ocU ,oj [fq IPovoa clog9[a mlju f5 0v’xt-k-oq ]k;mwju f/h kdxtgmf-kf w;dh [a 7oq [,+ 7u o5 l,q [fa F 78

0kflt8y-kf c]t 0kf7;k,lk,kfD c8zj 6hmu,j u75olq,[af c]t 7;k,lk,kfrP’r=oAo c,oj ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ [d5 7oq m9ju ’q Ida rda f8u x+ tgmf-kfF gxoa zmh6 dju ec|oh co;mk’ot3p[kp0v’rda ,,u kot9fy xt8;y fa F ,lu t88y +dko9fa 8’A F ,]u t[P[;wy oF ,ou E.9I[a zfy -v[8+|kh m;uj Pd’koF ,du kor;q roa lt|fy c|oh da[,tsk-qoF fe]q’-u;yfxvf.l0k;ltvkf ma’gxaoz6h,u7;k,I6hl6’mk’fhkomyfltfudkog,nv’F ,u]tfa[;afmtotmeg8adoyd;ymtpklkfmujcojovo c]t pa’,u7;k,lk,kf9af8A’xt8y[af 37’dkoF czodko1kj ’,uxtlyfmyzqol6’D \\kp7;k,;kj z6hmu,j u75olq,[af c]t 7;k,lk,kf rP’r=oAo c,jo[aofkoadIq[;y]t-qoF [aofkmjkoz6hoemuj,u75o’k,7;k,fu8+xtgmf-kf c]t wfhIa[dkow;hgoNvg-nvj .99kdxt-k-qo g-y’j 8ts^vf-u;yf0v’g0qkg9Qkc,oj 8+l6hgrnvj 7;k,l5d0v’ xt-k-oq [oa fkgzkjq c]t 7;k,,’ja 7’ja l,q [o6 0v’7oq ]k;m’a -kfD 4kh skdgvkq mob voa xtglfu 0v’ -kf,v[\\kpw;dh [a [d5 7oq mwuj fdh kj ;,kooA xtgmf-kf0v’r;dgIkq 9t,u7;k,g0,A c0’9tg]uo dhk;|hkw;D 8q;9y’d=wfh1A’1no.shr;dgIqkgsao oa[c8xj tgmf-kf0v’r;dgIqkwfhlt4kxtok gxoa lkmk]tot]fa xt-kmxy tw8xt-k-oq ]k;F xt-k-oq roq ]tg,vn ’]k;md5 7oq pm6 kj ’me,ksk dyolhk’lkxtgmf-kffh;p7;k,zkl5d ,ulyfgl]urk[D [aofkgfadohvpF vto5-qoF gpqk;t-qoF -k;|,j5 F g4kQ cdpj ’y -kp ];h oc8wj fIh [a dkoldb lkIOIPo.sdh kpgxoa z,h6 7u ;k,dkh ;|kh F ,]u tf[a ;fa mtotme c]t ,cu [[czodkofe]’q -;u fy m9ju [q ’k, g-’jy wfgh Ifa .sgh 0kq g9kQ dkpgxoa de]’a cI’ .odkoxqdxadIadlk c]t lhk’lkxtgmf-kfD phvoco;oAo 9b’j gIaf.sh-u;yfdkogxao160j v’xt -k-qo]k;[aofkgzqkj ,u7;k,v5fq,lq,[6o c]t g0A,c0’0Bog]NvpMD wfhgIaf.sh.[|hk0v’-kf ,udkoxPj ocx’fu0Bos^kpfhkoD 4hkr;dgIqkxP[mP[.ldj a[]t[v[gdkqj .og,vnj dvj oc,oj ,u7;k, c8d8jk’daoxko2hkda[fyoD vaooUd=phvo;jkr;dgIqkwfh/kd/a’mboIvovaoxtgluf0v’-kfw;h da[7qomu,j u75olq,[af c]t ,u7;k,I6h7;k,lk,kfl6’lq’j D zkj odkovtmy[kpF ryl6f c]t ;y9ko,k0hk’gmy’oAo wfh-U[vd.shI6h;kj 7eg;Qk0v’mkj o wdlvo r,q ;sy ko zoh6 emcju log7kq ][q Ida 0v’r;dgIkq ooA lf5 m4ju dn 8vh ’ grkt;kj .ork]tdfy xdq xda Ida lk c]t lkh ’lkxtgmf-kf.s9h tg]ou I’j5 gIvn ’l;u wy ]F ]ts;kj ’7o5 l,q [fa c]t 7;k,lk,kf c,oj l’jy 9egxoa c]t le7oa le][a r;dgIkq g-’jy gxoa |c+ |’0v’-kfD f’ja ooA F r;dgIkq gxoa oda IPo py’j 8hv’wfhvvdcI’g/yd/qos^+s^v,8qogv’.shdkpgxao7qomuj,u75olq,[af c]t 7;k,lk,kfl6’ grvnj ,krfa mtok lkh ’lkxtgmf-kf0v’r;dgIkq .s9h tg]uodkh ;|kh 4k;voln[wxrkp|kh D 7e4k, !D [qf;y9koc,oj [qfco;.fL @D [fq ;9y ko,9u da ]da ltotL 9’jq pdq 8;q 1kj ’xtdv[c8]j t]da ltot.swh f]h da ltot]t # 8;q 1kj ’D #D dko0Po[qf;y9ko,u9adrkdl;j oL c8]j trkdl;j ogIafco;.fL 79

[qfg/ydsaf !D 9’qj ;y9ko7el5rklyfm;uj kj G <o’j5 zkh ]kp\\kgskjq g;khq 7;k,gdkjq zyfdoa <D @D 9’jq ;y9ko7eg;khq 0v’mkj ozoh6 em;uj kj G <r;dgIqk[+vkf/kd/a’mboIvovaoxtgluf0v’-kfw;hda[z6hmu[j +,u75olq,[af c]t 7;k, lk,kfrP’r=<D #D 9’qj ;y9ko7el5rklyfm;uj kj G <c0’j gInvc0’j crc0’j daowfh c8cj 0’j [5o;klt|kc0’j dao[+wfh< [qfvjkogrju, [qfxtlq,vtmy[kp c]t ;y9ko s;q [fq G v’u .loj my kodvh ,g]vjn ’ <glvn d[a ]ln <u .og]vjn ’0v’lP;lts;kf ,kvtm[y kp c]t ;y9ko 7eztspkmu;j kj G <3,3soU rk388dq 8k+ ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ g\\vn of’ja glvn 37’j Ikh p 8kppvh odt8kj p];’< omy kodvh ,g]vjn ’ glnv da[ ]nlu .oxkj f’q r’q wrvoa 8[b |kcs’j |’jb p’a ,gu lvn ]kp|’jb 38m,ju 9u fy .93dfdkh F c8]j t,,N cu 8wj xmPj ; 0kh 0[q dyo7oq s^n lfa gvkq c8,j oa r[q r=Dh ,u,N|’jb ,oa ,u7;k,vyfg,vnj p3IpcI’s^kp d=g]upovo1gj6 my’ 3ro9,6 x;dcs’j |’jb F [’a gvou .o3ro9,6 x;dcs’j ooA rfa ,’u g6 skjq svh ,|’jb 38ovo0fq 1.j6 oIF6 glvn ]kp oAo -ErafovovafxkdI6mu’j 6ovo16Fj ’6skp.9[+wfh 9b’j gduf,u7;k,;5oj ;kpg]upvvd,kF gsaoglnv ovo8oa I16 j6 ,oa g]up8vfglnv]kp38ooA 9oq gIfa .sgh lnv]kpfYo8kpfdb MD .o0totmgju lvn r;,ovo8kp1dj6 ,= ru t]ln vu ’q |’jb gfou mk’zkj o,kr[q gsoa g]pu 7fy 1kd-;j pdgh6 vkq -;u fy 0v’glvn 3fp.-dh kovkj o7k4k,oq 1kc];h gxkjq glvn lk,gmvjn gIfa .sgh lvn 2oN 7on ,kwfDh g,vjn gxoa fa’j oAoF cmomugj lnv.93sf38oAo 9tIh6[5o75o0v’]nlu c8-j Erafgduf,u7;k,3,3sF sk;kj ]nlu,k ]q[d;o,ao.opk,mujovos^a[ovo/ao16jD rt]nlug]up[vd;jkG d6gxaoz6hd6hgvqk-u;yf0v’,b’7no,k gxaospa’9’bj ,u7;k,3dfc7ho c]t 9tdyod6vudF 9t;kj co;.f glnvd=[+g-vnj ]nlug]up-;oglnvwxsk gm;tfkvq’|b’j 1I6j q,j 8Qo,;j ’8Qo|’bj .dhMoAo grnvj .shgm;tfkvq’oAocdhw0[aosk-;j pD g,nvj wxrq[ gm;tfk glvn c]t ]ln u 8kj ’dg= ]kjq gsfdkomgju dfu 0oB lgj6 m;tfk2’a D gm;tfk-Erfa 7fy ;kj 7;k,9’y d=c,jo]nluwfh-j;pd6hgvqk-u;yf0v’glnv7no,kcmhF c8j]nlu[+gxaomujgryj’csj’d6c8j1jk’.ffvdF .ow]ptzkj o,k ,uc8gj lnvgmqkj oAogxaomugj ry’j 0v’d6 grktoa[c8gj lnv38oU,kvkwl16xj kj fq’cs’j oU 80

dg= ]pu [,+ 7u oq .flk,kf,k8fa w,4h k’xkj owU fDh d96 ’jb pm6 kj ’11j6 kj ’lt|d5 lt[kpD gm;tfkv’q ooA g]pu ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ g;khq vvd;kj G ,oa l,q 7;oc];h m.ju sgh lvn doy ]ln 8u oq ogU lp grkt;kj .og;]kglvn r;,ovos[a^ ovo/oa 1j6 gxoa sp’a 9’jb wx7oQ glvn ]d5 xd5 glvn 8onj L g,vnj gsao;kj [+wfhzqospa’c]h; ]nlud=-;oglnvwxskrtpk\\k9vd38|’bj c]h;d=g]kqj 8Qoxkp lkgsf.sh\\k9vd2a’D \\k9vd.93]rkoAod=-Eraf7yf;kj G g4y’;kj 9t8aflyo.sh]nlugxao/kj p4nd c];h 8oq 9t[+wfIh [a xt3spfsp’a F ,uc8.j sgh lnvgxoa /kj p4ndgmkjq ooA 9’jb 9t,uxt3spfcd8j oq D .og,vnj glvn doy ]ln cu ];h 8oq d9= twfgh ],a fd6 g],a |’a oeglvn cfDj 7fy c];h \\k9vddg= ;kQ ;kj G soA cst^ DDD ]ln gu vpu K pk,glnvovos^a[ ovo/ao16j g9Qk-Erafwxx5dwxd;ogIafspa’L lq,7;oc]h; glnv8hv’dyo]nluD ]nlugsoa ;kj 9tgxoa voa 8t]kpc];h d=g]uprkglnvwxskrtpk’;q 38|’jb c]t d=rkdoa g]kjq 8oQ xkplkpgsf.srh tpk’;q 2’a D rtpk’;q 2’a c];h d7= fy .o.9;kj G ]ln gu Ifa 4dn c];h F c8dj d6 1= kh oglvn 38oU 7dn oa F ,oa 8kpwxc];h 9twxdgh6 vkq ,k7on gIfa sp’a L rtpk’;q g]pu g;kQ ;kj G ]ln gu xoa zzh6 fy c];h wx7oQ glvn ]d5 xd5 glnv8onj ,kgIfa sp’a vudF l,q 7;oc];h mguj lnv8vh ’dyo]nlu grvnj ]’q 3mf]nluD ]ln 1u kh osk^ pg]pu x[q wxskrtpk]’u 38|’jb D rtpk]’u dg= ;kQ 7rn tpk’;q D lf5 mkh p]ln du g= ]pu rk glnvwxskrtpkdt8kj p38|b’j F c]h;d=g]qkj 8Qoxkplkpgsf.shdt8kj p2a’;kj G d6-;j p-u;yf0v’ glnvw;wh fch ];h F ,oa -Erfa ;kj 9tdyod6 pvh o;kj dw6 xxd5 ,oa pk,ovos[^a ovo/oa F dg6 ]uprk,oa ,ksk ,b’D dt8kj pgvupF g9Qk9q’j -;j p8aflyo[aosk.shcfDj dt8kj pry9k]tok4h;o4ucj ]h; gsao;kj glnv[+fu [+I[h6 o5 7o5 zvh6 ojn m-ju ;j pgvkq -;u fy 0v’8oq w;Dh ]ln gu xoa zfh6 u c]t gIfa 4dn 8vh ’cmDh rtpkdt8kj pg]pu g;kQ ;kj G 0vh p9t8fa lou .sch 8fj P;oU r;dg9kQ 8vh ’rk0vh pwxsk3ro9,6 x;d[vj ogdfu gsfmevfy roh5 dvj oD g,nvj wxIvf3ro96,x;d [vj oglnvovo8kpc]h;F dt8kj pg]up[vd;kj G glnvgIupK fP;oU.shg9Qkwx ovos[a^ 1kj ’lt[kp1[j6 vj ogdkjq 0v’g9kQ 13j6 ro9v,x;d c]t .soh vos[a^ lt[kp7dn [a dvj om]ju ln [u m+ oa ,kr[q ooA goKu 0vh pd[a ]ln 9u tvvdwx10j6 kh ’ovd8fy 8k,g[’jy D g;kQ c];h glvn dw= xovos[a^ 1kj ’lt[kp 1gj6 my’3ro9,6 x;d c]t ovo8oa I’6 76 ngdkjq D g,vnj ’s6 kp.9[+wfh ,oa d=,u7;k,gfnvfIvh o 9’bj vvd,kD g,vjn gsoa glvn ovo8oa I06 v’,oa vdu F ,oa d3= ,3s c]t 9,jq ;kj G d86 vf,oa 8kpwxc];h gmvjn |’jb p’a 9v’ sv’,kovo8oa vdu F d96 t8vf,oa 8kpvdu gxoa 7’A mlu v’D g,vjn gsoa glvn 8kpvdu F ]ln gu ]pu 4k,dt8kj p ;kj G 9t.s0h vh pwx1kgvkq glvn 7on ,kvdu [+L dt8kj p8v[;kj G [+8vh ’x;q gvkq ,oa 7on ,kF ,oa gxoa zmh6 [uj +Ih6 [o5 7o5 zvh6 onj F xt.s,h oa 8kp.sch I’h .sdh k,k8vfdyo-Uodyo|’a ,oa 1sj6 oA D rt]nlugsao;kj dt8kj plts^kf c]t gxaoz6h,u[5o75o-;j pgvqk-u;yf0v’8qorQo9kdvao8t]kp d=g]uprkdt8jkpwx16jmujs=3I’0v’]k;gv’ g-jy’[jvooAo,urnfrao\\kdw,hs^kp-toyfmujc-[oq; .sdh t8kj pdyo1kj ’v,uj |ele]koD 81

[qfc8j’ .ol’a 7,q m,uj u-oq -oA F 3fpltgrkt.o]t[v[l’a 7,q lda fyokF 4kh g[’jy 7da Mc];h gsoa ;kj g8,a wx f;h p7;k,0fa cp’j c0’j 0oa doa F -’u f-u ’u gfoja c]t dfq 00ju f6 Ifu doa ]ts;kj ’lv’-oq -oA mcju 8d8kj ’doa D -qo-Aoxqd7v’,ad9tgvqkxP[-qo-Ao4ndxqd7v’ltg\\u[+;kj fh;pI6[dko.fMF g4y’;kj -qo-Ao4ndxqd 7v’7n xt-k-oq zvh6 vdcI’’koooA 9t,[u o5 7o5 cdgj 0kq g9kQ xko.fd8= k, g\\vn of’ja omy kodvh ,g]vjn ’ <glnvda[]nlu< .og]vnj ’0v’lP;lts;kfmwuj fhlvj ’cl’.shgIqkgsao1kj ’9tc9h’;kj G glnv38mIuj hkp dkfve,tsyf38oAo 9t0hkgoNvg4nv|a’Ivfz6h,u[5o75ovao.spsj ^;’cd8j qo7n]nlnz6h,u9yf.9g,f8k dt]o5 kD lf5 mkh p[k[d[= c+ r[h o5 F pk,.floy med-= totvtme1lj6 tg\\Du glvn 38ooA dw= f9h [q -;u fy ]’q pvh o dt8kj p38|’bj m,uj u7;k,lts^P;lts^kfF l’yj oAo,aolq,c]h;da[7el5rklyf[6Ikom;uj kj G <3,3soU rk388dq 8O g\\vn of’ja glvn 37’j Ikh p 8kppvh odt8kj p];’< .oxkj f’q r’q wrvoa d;kh ’.spwj rlkoF glvn gxoa lfa m.ju spxj tgrf|’jb doy lfa 8kj ’Mgxoa vkskoF ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ gxao8Qoc,oj r;dd;k’F 2koF wdhDDD xt-k-qo]k;z6h,u,6og-Nvf5\\aoj 0tspaorPo.oltw\\dvj o g7upwfph dq gvkq glnv,kgxoa 8;q cmo.sch d-j oq -oA xdq 7v’m-uj ;jq -kh c]t dfq 00uj ,jq gs’a xt-k-oq zvh6 vd cI’’koF xt-k-oq zvh6 vdcI’’ko0v’r;dgIkq wflh ’a gdfg[’jy rfb 8yde0v’glnv c];h wfph dq gvkq glvn ,kgxoa 8;q ]t7vo.oomy koF 9f5 xtl’q grvjn dkj ;xtok, c]t 39,8-u oq -oA xdq 7v’.og,vjn dvj oD pvh ol’a 7,q g;]kooA 0kf7;k,gxoa me gIfa f[u w+ ffh Fu xt-k-oq ]k;.8dh koxdq 7v’0v’lda foy kvkf pklfy F r;dg9kQ 0o5 ,o5 okp8kj ’M c,oj lf5 mcju lo]tde]e[kdF xt-k-oq ]k;[I+ sh6 oq mk’m9ju t8l+ 7h6 n co;.f d,= cu 8.j -;h my cu 8’j g]vjn ’0oB grvjn dkj ;xtok,l’a 7,q voa gxvjn pgpvjn p c]t gokjq g\\oa ooA 3fpmk’ vhv,F fh;pI6[dkopqdgvqk8q;]t7volaf,kg;QkF dkj ;xtok,7qoD ovd9kdoAo xt-k-qoz6hvvd cI’’kopa’wfhpqdgvqkdt8kj pmguj xaolafohvp c]t .shdt8kj pgxao8q;cmovaogxaolaopt]ad.shcdj xt-k-qoz6hvvdcI’’kom,uj usq;7yfxtfyflhk’F ,u,aolt\\v’vaolts^kfs^adcs^,D phvoxt-k-qo z6hvvdcI’’kowfhzkj odkovvdcI’’kos^kps^q[s^kp8kj ; grnvj 8+l6hda[wrme,t-kf c]t wr l’a 7,q 9’jb gIfa .sgh 0kq g9kQ dkpgxoa [d5 7oq mluj ts^P;lts^kf Igh6 mkjq moa g]dj oq 0v’lfa 8D6 l’a 7,q mgju 8,a wxf;h p7;k,[p+ f5 8my e.oltw\\dvj o gIfa .sxh t-k-oq zvh6 vdcI’’ko0v’r;d gIkq .oltw\\ooA g8,a wxf;h p7;k,md5 pkd0kfg0uoF gIfa .ssh ^kpM-oA 7oq m[uj +,u1,j6 udyop’yj gr,uj mt;u 7;k,md5 9oq .sgh 0kq g9kQ ]’q -da w-Dh dkodtme0v’r;dlda foy k8x+ t-k-oq zvh6 vdcI’’koooA c,oj l5fmuj-qj;-hklk,kogxao8Qoc,jofh;pI6[dko06fIufcI’’ko0v’xt-k-qoF oegvqkxt-k-qo 82

wxgxoa d]5 Fu wxgxoa 0kh mkfF gIfa wIgj Ifa l;oF gIfa ;PdgIvn odko-komd5 voa md5 co;D 4kh [+gIfa d9= t ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 4dn r;d,oa m[5 8u m]= t,ko9oq g4’y cd7j ;k,8kpF l;j o7kj 9kh ’]k’;oa d,= cu 8rj P’|vh pfP;gmkjq ooA D vaogIaf.shla’7q,.oltw\\oAogduf7;k,[+ltg\\urk[daoD la’7q,.fd=8k,m,uj udkodqf00uj ,qj gsa’dao gmkjq .f cooj voc,oj 8vh ’,du ko8l+ 8h6 v[387h on ltg\\Du .og]vjn ’ <glvn d[a ]ln <u odU c= ,oj I[6 dko|’jb .o dko8+l6hmujxt-k-qo]k;r;dgIqkwfh\\6o.-hdkoxtfyf7yfc8j’3fp,usq;7yfvaolts^kfs^adcs^, g0kQ .-.h o[fq D l’yj oU,oa ltcf’.sgh Ikq gsoa ;kj xt-k-oq 0v’r;dgIkq .og,vnj dvj ovfq [+]oq moq [+wf8h + dkodtmevoa wI,h tof5 ltmef’ja dkj ; 9’jb wfrh kdoa ]d5 0oB 8+lfh6 ;h pI[6 dkodkj ;xtok, c]t 39,8u c[[mk’vvh ,D .og]vjn ’ <glvn d[a ]ln <u oU gsoa wf;h kj glvn gxoa 8;q cmo.sch d/j kj pvtme1kj ’9tc9’h g-’jy pk,.f d=s;’a 9t7[5 dyo-Uodyo|’a 0v’lfa .spoj vh pm’a s^kpF [+;kj ]nlu9tgxoa z,h6 u[o5 7o5 voa .spsj ^;’m-uj ;j p -[5 -;u fy .\\.j sdh 8= k, c8,j oa dp= ’a sk0vh= kh ’;kj ,kxd5 ,oa g;]kovo-Evdu F -E[+r,= oa p’a 7fy m9ju tdoy ]ln vu ’q ooA vdu D dkodtme0v’glvn ocU ,oj dkodtmevoa -;jq -kh lk,komlju f5 skvoa xP[[w+ fDh .ol’a 7,q .fMd=8k, 3fpltgrktc,oj la’7q,0v’r;dgIqk.oxaf95[ao c,oj [+8hv’dko[5d7qomu,j uco;7yf m[ju f+ 7u dn [a glvn 38oDU 4kh skd;kj l’a 7,q .fm,ju cu 8[j d5 7oq f’ja dkj ;ooA 9tgIfa .slh ’a 7,q ooA gdfu ,7u ;k,;oj5 ;kpF gIfa .slh ’a 7,q gdfu ,7u ;k,vk7kf[kf\\k’doa F 8kj ’7oq 8kj ’d7= fy c89j tgvkq ]fa gvkq xP[doa F [+,uoE.9gznvj czgj ,f8kg-y’j dao c]t daoF l5fmhkp,ao9tgIaf.shla’7q,oAora’mt]kp c]t 9y[ skp;kp;vf pvh od,j5 7oq m[uj +fuf’ja dkj ;D d’q doa 0kh , 4kh l’a 7,q .fskdg8,a wxf;h p[d5 7oq m,uj uoE.9 gzvjn czgj ,f8kdt]o5 kf’ja ]ln zu .h6 9[o5 c];h cooj vo;kj l’a 7,q ooA d9= tg8,a wxf;h p7;k,ld5 le]koF 7;k,g[du [ko,;j o-ojn F [+,du kog0oja 0kh doa F [+,du kogvkq ]fa gvkq xP[doa 9tgIfa .slh ’a 7,q ooA dkp gxoa lts;oa cdmj d5 M7oq c]t dkpgxoa m8uj vh ’dko.//j oa 0v’md5 7oq D I[6 rk[0v’gm;tfk.og]vnj ’gxoa I[6 rk[m[uj ’jq [vd1kj ’9tc9’h g4y’7;k,vtme.ol’a 7,q S gm;tfk8k,7;k,leobd c]t 9yo8tokdko0v’xt-k-qo-k;z6hvvdcI’’koc]h; 4n;kj gxao [5d7qo mu,j u[5o;kflt|kF gxaoz6h,ulyomext9e.9D c8dj q’dao0hk, .og]nvj ’oU-Erafgxao7qo0U0kf 8k0k;1hkoc87j qo,k8afw,h[vj omu8j qovkwl16Fj oa[c8gj lnv,k16cj ]h; [+,u7qo,kdhk8afD rP’c8j gsfzoq |vh pfP;gmkjq ooA gm;tfkds= [a^ 8kvkh xkd.sgh lvn gxoa z4h6 dn c]t l’jq gl,u .sgh lvn doy ]ln 8u oq ooA -EvudD ly’j oUwfh1A’1nog4y’7;k,[+gxaome.ola’7q,ltw\\dvj omu0j kf7;k,p5f8yme gsaocdlj yf zqoxt3spfl;j o8q; c]h;dtmel’yj -;qj -hk]q’wx3fp[+7eob’g4y’zqodem8uj qo9twfhIa[g]upD g4y’;kj 9tgxaogm;tfk gxaoz6h4nlyomed=8k, c8dj =lk,kfdtmelyj’mu-j q;j -hk]q’wfhF g0Qkda[7eg;Qkmuxj t -k-qo]k;ltw\\dvj odkj ;w;h;kj G <,n4nlkd xkd4nlyo< s^n <|hkgxaort sq;.9gxao,ko<D 83

ovd9kdgm;tfkz6hmu-j q;j -hkc]h; pa’,urtpk\\k9vdF rtpk’q; c]t rtpk]u’vudmu,j u ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 7;k,7yf8O-hk0kfdko7Qo7yfIyjo8v’;jkco;.f4ndco;.fzyfF r;dg0qkgsaofu.shglnv38oAo dyo]nluD vaooUF ,aoltcf’.shr;dgIqkgsao;kj [5d7qomudj eveokf[kf.spFj ,upqflad8ec|’j l6’M gxoa Ivfrtpk c8rj fa ,7u ;k,7fy 3’’j kj ; [I+ 9h6 ecodvoa .f4dn voa .fzfy D rvh ,ooA F p’a l’jq gl,u .szh ,h6 u 7;k,zyf7nglnv.shgxao/kj p4ndD ly’j oUxt-k-qo]k;0v’r;dgIqkc,oj dPf-a’mulj 5f c]t wfhpqd .shgsao7;k,[+fu c]t wIhlyome.ola’7q,ltw\\dvj ozkj o8q;]t7vogm;tfkF rtpk\\k9vdF rtpk’;q c]t rtpk]’u D .og]vjn ’ <glvn d[a ]ln <u gsoa wf;h kj xt-k-oq ]k;,7u ;k,,’j5 ,kfxk4t|k m9ju tdkj ;xtok, c]t 39,8-u oq -oA xdq 7v’.oltw\\ooA mgju 8,a wxf;h p7;k,[p+ f5 8my e g-’jy ltcf’ vvdzkj o8;q ]t7vortpk8kj ’MD me,tpvj ,-totvtmeF laf9tmevaooUc,oj 7;k,gxao9y’mu[j +vkfs^ud]hP’wfhD glnvc,oj 8q; cmo.shcd/j kj pvtme l5fmhkpvtmed=[+vkfgvqk-totme,twfhD fh;pdko-;j pgs^nv9kddt8kj p 38ovh p m,ju 7u ;k,ltsk^ fsda^ cs,^ F dt8kj pwf.h -ph f5 mt;my vu oa co[oPo gIfa .sgh lvn s’q^ doq F lf5 mkh p glnv38IhkpdkfoAod=4nd’68vf8kp7ngdqkj c]t d=[+,u.z9t-;j pwfhvudD 9kddko-;j pgs^nv0v’ dt8kj p ]nlud=wfh]vf9kd7;k,8kp vaogIaf.sh]nlngduf,u7;k,7yfm9uj t8v[[5ocmo75o8+dt8kj p g]uprkdt8kj pwx16oj e.os=3I’0v’8qo c]t [vj ooAod=g8a,wxfh;p\\kdw,hs^kpM-toyfmucj -[ oq;.shdt8kj pdyoD vaooAo,aowfh1A’1no.shgsao;kj gIaffud=pvj ,wfhfu g\\nvoda[dt8kj pmwuj fhIa[7;k, ld5 le]ko9kddkodtmef0u v’8oq D .ol’a 7,q 0v’r;dgIkq md5 ;oa oU 7;k,vtmep’a ,u1F6j [d5 7oq mduj tmefu c];h [+,u.zgsoa 7o5 7kj l’yj ooA ,oa gIfa .s7h oq .ol’a 7,q ,7u ;k,m4h= vp.o-;u fy D g4’y 9tgIfa fxu ko.fd[= +wffh Du c8;j kj r;dmmju e -qj;rafwfhfu,u1kj ’,kd,kpD 7;k,gxao9y’c]h;[k[deoAo,ao[+gsaomao8kF ,aovkf9t,u;ao.f ;ao|bj’muj9txtdkf.shgIqkI6hg4y’zqo0v’dkomefu c]t me-qj;D [5d7qomujmefu16jc]h; d=7;o mefuln[8+wxg]NvpM grkt;kj \\kdzqo0v’7;k,fuoAo9t8v[lt|v’gIqk[+-hkd=w;D l;j or;d mdju tme-;jq ooA lf5 mkh pr;dg0kq d9= t4dn zoq cs’j dkome-;jq ooA 8v[lt|v’7on 1kj ’lkl,q cooj voD gIqkgxaooadIPooadlbdlk s^n xt-k-qoz6hvvdcI’’kod=8k, 7;o,u7;k,-njlafl5f9ts^yf ,u7;k,g,f8kdt]o5 k grkt;kj l’yj ooA ,oa 9t-;j p.slh ’a 7,q pv,I[a r;dgIkq F gIfa .sgh Ikq gxoa 7oq ,u7kj .ol’a 7,q c]t 7;o7yf1lj6 tg\\u;kj 7oq gIkq g]nvdm9uj tgduf[+wfh c8lj k,kf m9uj tg]nvdgxoa 7oq fu s^n gxao7qo[+fuwfhfh;p8qogv’D 84

zkj odkovtm[y kp c]t ;9y ko,k0kh ’gm’y ooA r;dgIkq lk,kfg;kQ wf;h kj G 1.j6 ol’a 7,q |’jb M 4kh skdgIkq xt8[y fa 8oq gxoa 7oq fcu ];h d9= twfIh [a c8zj oq cs’j dkogxoa 7oq fu grkt;kj 7oq fgu xoa 7oq mmju d5 7oq Ida cr’ c]t ltcs;’skD 7oq fou 1U [j6 vj o.fdw= fIh [a dkopvh ’pl= oa ]tglou F l;j o;kj 7oq [f+ du 9= tgIfa .s8h oq 8dq 8O grktgxoa 7oq ,cu o;7fy gsoa cd8j ;q F ,da 9tmeIkh pzvh6 ojn D 7oq [f+ ou cU ,oj gxoa m]ju ’a dPf0v’ la’7q,D l5fmhkpla’7q,d=dkj ;xtok, c]t ;y9ko7;k,-q;j -hk0v’8qomuwj fhgIafw;hD zkj o[qfg]nvj ’ <glnvda[]nlu< oU gsaowfh;kj gxaooymkog]nvj ’|b’j mufj u.odkolbdlkco;7yf0v’r;dgIqk g-y’j gxao oadIPooadlbdlk ];,ma’m5d-Ao7qo.ola’7q, grkt;kj [qfg]nvj ’wfhlts^5[.shr;dgIqkgsao1kj ’ 9tc9h’c]h;;kj pk,.flyomed=-totvtme1l6j tg\\u pk,.f7qomfuj u7n7qo,ulyomeoAo d=-tot7qomuj [+fu.ola’7q,wfhD faj’oAoF r;dgIqkm5d7qo7;oIOIPogvqkc8jlyj’mujfuM.o[qf grnjvoegvqkwx.-hg0Qk.o-u;yf xt9e;ao0v’r;dgIqk c]t [+7;oIPogvqkc[[1kj ’vao[+fu gxao8Qoc,oj glnvF gm;tfkF rtpk \\k9vdF rtpk’q; c]t rtpk]u’ mu1j 6.j og]nvj ’F 7;ogxao7qofu,ulyomefa’j ]nlu c]t dt8kj pohvp zlh6 tsk^ fsda^ cs,^ D f’ja ooA F g4kQ cd[j I6 kod7= [n oa rt[]5 f5 0v’r;dgIkq wflh ’ja lvor;dgIkq ltg\\;u kj G ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ <3,3soU rk388dq 8O g\\nvof’ja glnv37’j Ikh p 8kppvh odt8kj p];’< 85

[qfmu _ ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ [qf;yg7kt !D 7;k,\\kp0v’[qf;yg7kt [fq ;gy 7kt c,oj [fq c8’j xtgrf|’jb m7ju oQ 7;kh c]t 9ecodg0kQ g]dy dP;j d[a ]da ltot8kj ’M.o [oa sk.f|’jb F [fq xtroa .f|’jb s^n 8;q ]t7vo.f|’jb 3fp,du ko8]u k7k8k,mfa ltot c]t 7;k, 7fy 0v’z;h6 gy 7ktg-oja G [fq ;gy 7ktdkog,vn ’l’a 7,q F [fq ;gy 7kt[fq xtroa ;oa ot7tfFu [fq ;gy 7kt8;q ]t 7vo c]t vnoj MD @D [qf;yg7kt8q;]t7voc,jospa’L [qf;yg7kt8q;]t7vo c,jo[qf;yg7ktxtgrf|bj’ g-yj’w9hcpd]q’g]yd.shgsao95fryglf fhko8jk’M0v’8q;]t7vo.og]njv’.f|bj’ 3fpvkwl0=hxudpjvp0v’g]njv’ grnjvltcf’.shgsao 95fryglf fhkooyfwl.97=rhv,ma’8u]k7k8q;]t7vooAo8k,mafltot c]t 7;k,7yfgsao0v’ z;h6 gy 7ktD #D [kfdhk;8jk’M.odkoc8j’[qf;yg7kt8q;]t7vo [kfdhk;mu ! vjko[qfg]njv’oAo9qog0Qk.9 grnjvla’gdf8q;]t7vooAo;jkc,jo7qoco;.fL xtgrf.fL gxao8q;]t7vogvd s^n Iv’L gxao8q;]t7vole7ao.og]nvj ’ s^n [+L [kfdhk;mu @ [oa mdb 0xh= du pvj p c]t ]kp]tvPf8kj ’MdPj ;d[a 8;q ]t7voooA .s\\h fq g-’jy 9t1.6j o8vo8kj ’M 0v’[qfxtraog-aoj G dy]ypkmkj muF dkodtmeF 7;k,g;QkF I6[Ikj ’F 7;k,7yfF c[[czofe]q’ -u;yfF dkoo5’j 4nF dko16jdyo c]t vnoj MD ovdoAopa’8hv’[aombd7;k,gsao0v’oadxtrao c]t 7;k,gsoa 0v’8;q ]t7vovonj M .og]nvj ’8+8;q ]t7voooA oevudD [kfdhk;mu # g]nvdg2Aogvqkc8j95fryglf c]t xudpjvpmujle7aoD lj;o95fryglf.f[+le7ao sn^ ,tpyd ,tpvj p3rf d=[+gvqk c]h;9afIP’.shgxao]t[P[D dko-vd95fryglfoUgryoj la’gdf @ fhko7nG { 95fryglfrkpovdG I6[-q’F lu|hkF dkoo’5j 4nF 7;k,-yog7upF mkj mk’F dkowx,kDDD { 95fryglfrkp.oG gryoj la’gdf9kdco;7yf9yf.9F 7;k,lk,kfF oyfwl.97=D 86

le]a[95fryglfmu8j hv’dko;yg7ktoAoc,oj 95fryglfrkp.o c89j 5fryglfoU,adltcf’vvd ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ rkpovdg-oja G ;kfdko1d6j oy F dkoo’j5 4Fn d]y py k,k]tpkfDDD ltooA F 8vh ’v’u .l9j f5 rgy lfrkpovd grvnj 9ecod95fryglfmk’fhko9yf.90v’8q;]t7vo dko;yg7kt8q;]t7vo 7;og]nvdgvqk95fry glfmugj foaj c]t c8d8kj ’9kd8q;]t7vovnoj [+c,oj 9toe,kdkj ;9qo\\qfD [kfdhk;mu $ -vdsksda^ 4kom1ju dj6 tc9ddt9kp.osk^ p8vo0v’[fq xtroa ,kvkh ’ c]t 1’A 1on 9f5 rgy lf 8kj ’M0v’8;q ]t7vom-uj vd,kwfoh oA D $D 37’Ijk’[qf;yg7kt8q;]t7vo ∗8A’[aosk { ltg|u8;q ]t7vo { dkj ;g4y’95fryglf8kj ’M0v’8q;]t7vo m8uj qo9tw9hcpd1kj ’c9,j c9h’D ∗ cdhw0[aosk { w9ch pd9f5 rgy lf8kj ’M3fppdq gvkq [oa sk0xh= udpvj pvvd,krylf6 c8]j t9f5 rgy lfD { l’a gdfg[y’j 9f5 ryglfgsk^jq ooA X7o5 7kj mk’fkh oxts;fa lkf.oltw|ooA c]t .oxfa 9[5 oa 8k,mfa ltot0v’z;h6 yg7ktvkf9t;y9kog4y’0=h[dq rvj ’d=wf?h D { l’a gdf8]u k7kg4’y 7o5 l,q [fa mkfcm0h v’8;q ]t7vo,zu oq ltmvh ocdlj ’a 7,q c8dj vj o c]t xaf95[aoco;.fL ∗lts^5[[aosk { 7;k,Il6h db odb 7yf0v’8oq 8+8;q ]t7voooA gxoa co;.fL { 4vf4vo[fq IPodPj ;d[a dkofe]’q -;u fy mwju f9h kdco;7fy 9fy .90v’8;q ]t7vo l,q mP[ .l8j oq gv’D $D dko;yg7kt8q;]t7vox6jgpu .og]njv’ <x6jgpu< dD [qfg]njv’G <x6jgpu< pkj gpgu ]kjq roN .s]h d6 8oq 2’a f;h p7;k,3ldglkQ g-’jy gxoa g]vjn ’]tm,q 0,q 0ojn ,ksk^ p2kh sk^ pxu c]h; m,uj aovafvAo.o-;’vqd0v’groyj D <]d6 gIpu K o[a gxoa g;]kgs’y okoc];h mcju ,7j v’7vp4kh ]d6 ,xu oa pkrm= 9ju tI[a 2’a g]vjn ’c,gj ]kjq G r+0v’g9Qk-;nj kj xg6j puF l;j oc,gj v’d=[+c,oj ,to5fme,tfkfvdD c8gj fu,r+c,oj U c,oj c4o g-’yj 4nd rtvyortr,q l’jq ]q’,kpa’3]d,to5f grvnj gxoa g9Qk9v,cs’j laflk;kl’yj ma’s^kpD 87

7k;dvj o3]doUd=,u,to5fc]h;D czoj fyogpnvdg1aoF 7qogIqkfe]q’-u;yffh;p7;k,m5dpkd ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ ]e[kdmluj f5 ],q ,uf8fa ,ufc4rfa ;Muj xko;kj 9tcsdgoNvcsd|’a D ,tof5 ,u0oq fdq xdq 8oq 38F gxnvp govN gxvn pdkp gIfa sp’a d[= +gxoa F ovooefoy doy oespkh DDD r8= kg;oa xkdfq 0oB c8]j tgmvjn lvj ’cl’ cz]j q’l|6j hkfyo,to5f9’bj s^5fzvj o7;k,|k;F 8Qow,h.[sphk laflk;kl’yj 9’bj 2No-u[7no,kD .oc8]j t7’A mfju ;’8kg;oa ][a wx czoj foy d[a gpvn dg1oa ]’q ,tof5 |k;loja mfq MF ddq w,.h [spkh I;j ’3Ipp5[pv[sP;j csh’D laflk;kly’j 8kp0qf303’dtfhk’D 7qoIPd-5,daogxaod5j,gxaodhvo rkdaos^a’j ws^ma’j gm,5j’|hkwxl6fj ;’8kg;aoD ,5j’|hkwxg]NvpM9qomqo7;k,sy;3sp[+wfhd=8kpvbf 8kps;y wxD g0kq g9kQ 8kp085 kpsojq^ c8dj [= w+ xIvf[vj o,fu ;’8kg;oa D rg+ 9kQ gsoa gxoa 9’ja -oA F pk,.f d=v5dv’aj 7’aj c7ho-vdsk;ymu.sh,to5f [aogmqk7;k,m5dwIhg0ao.9D r+g9QkwxIvfr6|;j p|’bj g-’yj ,u oE38o8kf8,h6 MD vkpoEr’j5 0Bo,nfd,5h f’ja g,dxdq 7,5 |;j prF6 7;k,g1oa r’j5 vvdf’ja ]d6 lvoIvh p gs^A,raogs^A,lP[cm’goNvdkpD r+g9Qkgsao[jvooAo,u\\kdw,h,tou37f phvowfhdyo\\kdw,hoAo mao.fr+g9Qkd=gduf,ude]a’cI’,tsklkoD 8+c8oj Ao,kr+g9QkmPj ;wxm5dcs’j m5dsqo grnvj .-hgsnvj cI’0v’8oq -;j p-,6 ;o,tof5 8kh omko7;k,|k;F 8kh omkopda ,kozlu k’ ok’Ikh p c]t lfa Ikh p8kj ’MD c8gj 4y’xkoooA ,tof5 d=p’a xtl[q 7;k,md5 pkd]e[kd1Dj6 g,vnj gsoa co;ooA r+g9kQ 9’jb v5dvaj’F ]k;9bj’8aflyo.9gfaffjP;;jkgIafco;.f9t-j;p.sh,to5f,u7;k,l5d r+g9Qk9bj’3l8kp mtpkogskt0oB wxl[j6 vj o8kg;oa 1Dj6 .o[vj oooA ,du v’w2,tw]doa voa ,ts,b kF pk,.fd]= d5 ;Mjn 196j ’ja -Ao lq’j cl’c9h’lts;kj ’ltws;16mj 5dg;]kD r+g9Qk9b’j ]adgvqkdhvow2dhvo|b’j wxpaf.l.j 9dk’ 0v’|;pj foy D w2dvh oooA o[a ,.N sp0j oB c]t w\\]h k,wxm;jq cdo0v’foy 9’jb gIfa .srh oN foy gdfu 7;k, vq[v5joD phvoco;oAolaflk;kly’j ma’x;’ 9b’j gdufc,cj z]j 6d1kj ’s^;’s^kpw;;kD oa[c8,j uw2,k dkofe]’q -u;fy 0v’,tof5 d=,du koxPj ocx’8kj ’gdkjq D ,tof5 m1uj m6j d5 soq md5 cs’j 8kj ’dI= vh ’]eme gr’ grvnj loa ]tgluo7o5 ’k,7;k,fu0v’r+g9kQ D c8,j N\\b’j rtvyo1hP,zkj os^n[g,dlvj ’]q’,k gsao;kj 3]d,to5f,ugInvo-ko[hko-vj ’gduf 0Bos^kpf’ja .[w,.h oxkj F z7h6 oq s^s5 ’^ja m’ja gmdoa wxvvdcI’’kome,kskdyof’ja /’6 ,fq /’6 x;dD rtvyo,u7;k,3dfg7nv’mulj 5f grktI6h;kj r+0v’g9Qkwfhoegvqkw2wxpafl63j ]d,to5fD rtvyo d=IPdgvqkr+g9Qkwx]q’3mfc]h;la’j .shgvqkw2paf.lmj hv’r+g9QkF w2gzqkw\\hr+g9Qk8kpD -kd0v’ r+g9Qkg]updkpgxaor6g0qkw2,tw]daoD .o.9dk’r6oAoF pk,.fw2d=]5d;M6j gzqk8a[w8 wlhr5’ r+g9Qk 8tsv^ fg;]kD 7voMw2rfa r’j5 0oB \\fq ,\\N fq 7on D g4’y ;kj rg+ 9kQ wf8h kpwxc];h d8= k,F rg+ 9kQ dp= ’a gxoa z6hmguj xaos;j ’gxao.poe,to5f 1hko,to5f9t4ndfa[l6ophvo7;k,|k;DDD 88

0D [kfdhk;.odkoc8j’[qf;yg7kt8q;]t7vo <x6jgpu< ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ [kfdhk;mu ! 9kddkovkj o8vo|’jb 0v’g]vjn ’G <xgj6 p<u gIkq gsoa ;kj xg6j pgu xoa z36h zf,tof5 g-’jy gxoa loa pt]da cs’j 7;k,,5’j ,kfxk4t|k c]t oE.98+lh60v’,;o,to5fF gxao8q;]t7vogvd0v’g]nvj ’D [kfdhk;mu @ 9fq 0xh= du pvj p8kj ’Mmdju Pj ;roa d[a xgj6 pgu -oja G { rg+ 9kQ gsoa 9’ja -oA F pk,.fdv= d5 v’ja 7’ja c7oh -vdsk;my .u s,h tof5 [oa gmkq 7;k,md5 wIgh 0oa .9D { pvh owfdh yo\\kdw,,h tou37fooA F moa .fr+g9kQ d=gduf,ude]’a cI’voa ,tsklkoD { r+g9kQ mPj ;wxmd5 cs’j md5 soq grvnj .-gh svnj cI’0v’8oq -;j p-,6 tof5 D { g,vjn gsoa ,tof5 md5 pkd]e[kdr+g9kQ dp= ’jy vd5 v’ja D { r+g9kQ 9’jb 3l8kpmtpkogskt0oB wxl[j6 vj o8kg;oa 1D6j { r+g9kQ 9’jb ]da gvkq w2dvh o|’jb wxpfa .l.j 9dk’0v’|;j p3]dD { ,tof5 m1ju mj6 d5 soq md5 cs’j 8kj ’dI= vh ’]emegr’ grvjn loa ]tglou 7o5 ’k,7;k,f0u v’rg+ 9kQ D { -kd0v’rg+ 9kQ g]pu dkpgxoa rg6 0kq w2,tw]doa D { g4y’;jkr+g9Qkwfh8kpwxc]h;d=8k,F r+g9Qkd=pa’gxaoz6hmugj xaos;j ’gxao.poe,to5fF 1hko ,to5f 9t4ndfa[l6ophvo7;k,|k; c]t vnoj MD [kfdhk;mu # 3fpvkwl0=xh udpvj pf’ja dkj ; 9’jb lk,kfgsoa 9f5 ryglf0v’xgj6 pu c];h 9fa IP’.sgh xoa ]t[P[ f’ja oGU !D oE.9Iadsv,,to5f c]t oE.9glplts^tvaol6’lq’j 0v’x6jgpumu,j u8+,to5fG { 7;k,leobd0v’x6jgpuD { oE.9glplt]tvoa l’6 l’jq 0v’xg6j puD @D oE.98+lh68hkowrme,t-kf0v’x6jgpuD { de]a’vao,tsklko0v’x6jgpugrnvj gvqk-totme,t-kfD { 7;k,8A’.9vaogfaffPj ;0v’x6jgpu .odko8+l6h8hkowrme,t-kf grnvj pkfgvqk-u;yfw;h.sh ,to5fD [kfdhk;mu $ s^ad4ko8kj ’M grvnj vhk’vu’ c]t 1A’1no95fryglf0hk’gmy’G 89

∗ oE.9Iadsv,,to5f c]t oE.9glplts^tvaol6’lq’j 0v’x6jgpuG ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ { r+g9kQ gsoa 9’ja -oA F pk,.fdv= d5 v’ja 7’ja c7oh -vdsk;my .u s,h tof5 [oa gmkq 7;k,md5 wIgh 0oa .9D { g,vnj gsao,to5frq[7;k,m5dpkd]e[kdr+g9Qkd=p’yj v5dv’aj D { -kd0v’r+g9Qk g]updkpgxaor6g0qkw2,tw]dao Z]ZD ∗ oE.98+l6h8hkowrme,t-kf0v’x6jgpuG { r+g9QkmPj ;wxm5dcs’j m5dsqogrvnj .-hgsvnj cI’0v’8qo-;j p-6,to5fD { r+g9Qk]adgvqkw2dhvo|’bj wxpaf.l.j 9dk’0v’|;j p3]d c]t vnoj MD 7D [qf;yg7kt8q;9y’ xg6j pu c,oj 8;q ]t7vogvd0v’gm[opy kproN g,vn ’]k;g]vjn ’ <xgj6 p<u g-’jy c,oj [d5 7oq m,uj ou E.9 glplt]tvaol6’l’qj c]t Iadsv,,to5fD rhv,daooAod=pa’,uoE.98+lh6vaogfaffPj ;.odko8+lh68hko da[wrme,t-kf pkfgvqk7;k,l5d,k.shcd,j to5fD 9yf.90v’xj6gpu c,oj 9yf.9muxj tgluf c]t l6’lq’j s^kpmulj 5f x6jgpugxaozh6muIj adsv,,;o,to5f 1kj ’cmh9y’D m5dMg;]kgryoj wfhc87j Qo7yfgxaos;j ’gxao.pF v5dva’j 7a’j c7hog,nvj gsao,to5fm5dpkd ]e[kd f’ja 8vo|’jb 0v’[fq g]vjn ’g;kQ ;kj G <rg+ 9kQ gsoa 9’ja -oA F pk,.fdv= d5 v’ja 7’ja c7oh -vdsk;my .u sh ,tof5 [oa gmkq 7;k,md5 wIgh 0oa .9< 7;k,leodb 0v’xg6j pu g;]k.fdp= kd.s,h tof5 roQ 9kd7;k,md5 pkd]e[kdD g,vnj gsao,to5f]e[kd]Q,skp8kpwxd=p’yj gIaf.shxg6j pu ,u7;k,v5dv’aj f’aj 8vo|’bj 0v’g]vnj ’p’a dkj ;vud;kj G <g,vnj gsoa ,tof5 r[q 7;k,md5 pkd]e[kd r+g9kQ p’jy vd5 v’ja <D oUd=ltcf’ ;kj xg6j puwfh,u9yf.9Iadsv, c]t gxaos;j ’gxao.p,to5f1kj ’cmh9y’D 9kd7;k,gxaos;j ’gxao.p c]t 7;k,Iadvao[+,u0v[g0f0v’xg6j pu m,uj u8+,to5foAo wfhdkp gxaol’yj -5dp6h.shxg6j pu,u9yf.9vaoxtgluf c]t l6’l’jq oAo7noE.9glplts^tF 7;k,glplts^tf’aj dkj ; oAo [+,uly’j .fmu9j txP[mP[wfhD x6jgpuwfhlPj ’8+7;k,]e[kdokMxtdko grnvj wx-vdsk[vj omu,j u 8kg;ao c]h;oegvqk7;k,vq[v5jo,k.shcdj,;o,to5f faj’8vo|bj’0v’[qfg]njv’wfhdjk;;jkG <r+g9Qk9’bj 3l8kp mtpkogskt0Bowxl[6j vj o8kg;ao1<6j D g4y’9t,uwrvao8t]kpIhvp1kj ’raoco;F g4’y 8oq gv’9tr[q 7;k,sp’h5 pkd xg6j pdu p= v,glplt]tlPj ’87+ ;k,8kp grvjn -;j pgsvn^ ,tof5 9oq .o mlju f5 xg6j pdu l= k,kfltst^ c,oj c8-j ;u fy grvjn c]dgvkq 7;k,ld5 ,k.s,h ;o,tof5 f’ja 8vo|’jb dkj ;;kj G <-kd0v’r+g9Qkg]updkpgxaor6g0qkw2,tw]dao< xj6gpuwfh8kpwxphvo4ndrtvyo]q’3mf c8joE .9glplt]tvaol6’lqj’oAo pa’7q’1j6.of;’.90v’,to5f 3fp[+,u;ao9ts^q’]n,wfhD .zMd=phv’p= lao]tgluo75o’k,7;k,fu0v’xj6gpu faj’8vo|bj’djk;vud;jkG <,to5fmuj16jm5dsqom5dcsj’8jk’ d=Ihv’]emegr’grnjvlao]tgluo75o’k,7;k,fu0v’r+g9Qk<D 7;k,gxaosj;’gxao.p c]t 90

oE.9vaoxtgluf0v’xg6j pu [+wfh8kpwxrhv,da[dko8kp0v’xg6j puD g4y’groyj wfh8kpwxc]h;d=8k, ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ c8pj a’gxaos;j ’gxao.poe,to5fD 1hko,to5f4ndfa[l6ophvo7;k,|k;D ovd9kdoE.9glplts^tf’ja dkj ;ooA c];h xg6j pup’a gxoa oda 8+lm6h gju ffa fPj ;|P;c|oh F gxoa ;y]t []5 f5 mvju ’q vkfdkh cdoj grvjn gvkq -totme,t-kfD de]’a ;’a -k0v’xgj6 pgu dfu 0oB pvh o wfdh oy \\kdw,h ,to3u 7f g-’jy de]’a cI’f’ja dkj ;p’jy gr,ju .soh E.98l+ 0h6 v’xg6j pu l’6 0oB 1kj ’mt;7u o6 D xg6j pu wf.h -dh e]’a cI’0v’8qogfuowxm5dcsj’sqofh;p7;k,gfaffjP;faj’8vo|bj’0v’[qfg]njv’djk;;jkG r+g9Qk mPj ;wxm5dcs’j sqo grvnj .-hgsvnj cI’0v’8qo-;j p-6,to5fD dko8+l6h0v’xg6j pu oAoc,oj dko8+l6hfh;p -u;yfF [+s;aoj ws;1hkodq;8+v5xtlad.fMD g4y’me,t-kf9tok[06j c]t ,uc8vj ao8t]kpIhvp1kj ’ raoco; c8oj E.98+l6h0v’x6gj puoAo [+,uly’j .f9tdufshk,wfhD x6gj pu wfh.-hde]a’cI’0v’8qomu,j k]ad gvkq w2wxpfa .l.j 9dk’0v’|;j p3]d grvnj .s,h tof5 ,u7;k,v[q vo5j f’ja 8vo|’jb dkj ;vud;kj G <r+g9kQ 9’jb ]da gvkq w2dvh o|’jb wxpfa .l.j 9dk’0v’|;j p3]d< 7;k,8’A .9voa cI’dkh 0v’xgj6 pou oA gIfa .sh x6jgpulk,kfgvqk-totv5xtladm5dxtdko c]t lk,kfpkfgvqk7;k,l5d,k.sh cd,j ;o,to5f g-’yj ,to5fm5d7qo[+,u;ao9ts^q’]n,wfhD 9kd7;k,glplt]t c]t oE.9vaol6’l’qj f’aj dkj ;F ,aoltcf’.shgsao9yf.90v’,to5fgIqk .oltw\\dvj oD g4’y ;kj g0kq g9kQ 9tmd5 pkd]e[kdc8dj ,= 9u fy .9voa xtglfu F gvvN g2vN gzvjn cz-j ;j pgsvn^ g-’jy doa c]t doa gxoa 1kj ’fDu ,kIvfxfa 9[5 oa oFU ,tof5 gIkq wfdh kh ;|kh sk^ pc];h c87j o5 7kj cs’j 9fy .9 c]t dkodtme0v’xgj6 pu p’a lk,kfoe,kgxoa [fq IPovoa ]E7kj 87+ oq gIkq ltw\\xfa 9[5 oa F gxoa c;oj cp’vao.lc9h’.odkorq;raodao c]t dko16Ij ;j ,dao.sh,u7;k,zkl5d.ola’7q,D 9kddkow9ch pd,k0kh ’gm’y F 8;q ]t7vo xg6j pu 9’jb l,q gxoa [d5 7oq m|ju kh pdq pvh ’loa ]tglou F [;+ kj mk’fkh o9fy .9 d7= dn kodtmeD r;dgIkq md5 7oq 9’jb l,q 7;om9ju toegvkq wxgxoa [fq IPo.odkofe]’q -;u fy 3fpltgrktdko,ou E.98d+ oa F I9h6 da Ida cr’ c]t -;j pgsvn^ zvh6 ojn .opk,sp’5h pkd c]t I9h6 da glplt]t grktoE.9oAo,u75o7kj d;kj ;af45g’yo7e.fM f’aj l5rklyf [6Ikopa’l’aj lvow;h;kj G <g’yo 7e0v’skwfh oE.90v’skpkd<D [qfg/ydsaf 9q’j vkj og]nvj ’lAo <;yopko< c]h;;yg7kt8q;]t7vo 0hvp X7ecl’?D 91

;yopko ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 3fp r6zk 9exk]k; g,vnj 0vh pdkh ;0kg0kQ ,k.ogInvo 0vh p8vh ’cxd.9 7oq \\fq gInvo[+loq .9oe0vh p [+,u.z4k, 0hvpg]up;jkwx.l,k s^n g;Qk]q,da[0hvp [+,u9ad7qopyj’gIaf.sh0hvpcxd.9s^kp0Bod;jkgdqjk 0vh pg;kQ 9kloq mtokd[a .z d[= +,.u z8v[F 0vh p7fb ;kj g0kq gxoa sp’a o= sn^ 7Pf.s0h vh p[L= c8[j r+ 7= k; lP’3m]tl[a f’a 0oB 7eovh povh ’lk;0v’0vh pc]oj wxI[a c8oj k’[l+ oq .9d[a 0vh pg]pu m’a Mgdvn [ m9ju t8edoa 7eovh pgv’Ivh ’ws0h oB c];h ;k’3m]tl[a ]’q 38t1kj ’cI’ 0vh pIvh ’4k,ovh ’lk;;kj G <7eovh p gxoa sp’a L< c8[j +,ulP’8v[ r+d[a c,j c]t gvNvpcl’fk;2kh ;c]oj ,k4k,ovh ’ 7eovh p;kj G <7eohvpgxaospa’ c,oj .z3m,kL< 7eohvpma’wshma’Ihv’[vdda[m5d7qo;jkG<3I’\\=3m,k[vd;jk vhkp7ecl’8kpc]h; g0qkg9Qkde]a’9tgvqklq[vhkp7ecl’,klqj’ .shr;dgIqkdP,g7njv’dP,0v’9afc9’lt4ko mwuj ;4h kh <c];h \\fq md5 7oq d=wslh tvNo0Boxko2kh -yxUofyo-ys’kpD 0vh pgv’[vdd[a md5 7oq ;kj G 0vh p1oj6 U 1on 1[j6 vj ooU p’a [m+ oa wf8h kpwx.l c8dj [= ,+ .u zloq .97gn dkjq 0vh p[,+ mu k’gIfa sp’a vdu grvjn .srh ;dg0kq g9kQ ,kloq .9oe 0vh pg]pu wxo’ja rda 13j6 8tI[a c0d.dMh d[a [vj omugj 0qkg9Qkde]a’Ihv’wsh1D6j r+]5dwx3m]tla[skruoj hv’ c,]j 5dwx[vd7qo.dh[hko [+r=7k;7qo dg= ],ju g8,a gIvn o c];h cpdpkh pdoa gIfa ;Pd.z]k; [k’r;drkdoa ;kj -wy xsk-gN 7vjn ’doy ,kw;7h E 7oq [k’r;d;kj -wy xsk-3N ]’ c];h 0vh pdw= fph oy lP’]fq 3I’\\,= k,M+ gIvn o 9oq ,k9vf18j6 |+ kh gIvn o 0vh ppkj ’wxlvj ’g[’jy gsoa g0kq g9kQ cd8j P’vvd9kd]fq m,ju zu kh 0k;xdq [k’l’jy [k’1kj ’w;h rc+ ,7j v[ 7;q rvh ,f;h ppkf8ry oju vh ’rkdoa Ivh ’wsvh kw]vk;vo rp+ kj ’,k4dq gvkq zkh 0k;ooA vvd gIfa .s0h vh p 8vh ’8dq .91kj ’cI’ g,vnj gsoa 8oq gv’ovo1gj6 my’8P’ f;h pltrk[m0uj vh pI[a [+wfFh 0k0kh ’0;ksda lj;o0hk’-hkp c]t c0oma’lv’g8a,c8j[kfcz g,njv0hvpwfhgsao8qogv’.oltrk[c[[oU 0hvpgdnv[9tgxao]q,]Q,]q’da[rNo rk[mu0j hvpwfhgsao168j +|hk cI’j gIaf.sh0hvp8hv’Iu[Ihvo2hk; [vd7oq vojn M;kj 0vh pp’a [8+ kp 0vh prtpkpk,Ivh ’[vd.zcI’gmkjq .f d[= ,+ xu t3spfsp’a grkt[+ ,.u zwfph oy lP’0vh p9da 7oq D g,njvg0qkg9QkgvqkIjk’dkp muj[+,u;yopko0v’0hvpg0Qkwxw;h.ogInvo grnjv9t.lj2avd3,o 0hvprtpkpk,g0Qkwxshk, c]t 0;k’mk’g0qkg9Qk c8rj =g0qkgvqkIkj ’dkp0v’0hvpg0Qk,k ;k’]q’ r;dg0qkgs^qjkoAo rafpjk’dkp0hvpwx ,ao7n[+ltf5f7kspa’g]upD .omujl5f0hvpd=8hv’ glp.91kj ’|da g,vjn I;h6 kj 8oq gv’wf8h kpwxc];h c]t [,+ 3u vdkf2oN 7on ,kvdu Ikj ’dkp0v’0vh p4dn ,Ph o.l.j o3]’l[q gxoa mIju P[Ivh pD 92

0hvpgIafspa’[+wfh.o8vooU wfhrP’c8sj ^P;g[y’j 7qo.o7v[7q; c]t pkf8uruoj hv’ rkdao ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ Ivh ’ws3h ldglkQ glp.9 [+8kj ’sp’a d[a 0vh pm8uj vh ’glp.91kj ’cI’ grktvtok7fq mruj ;,9tlfq .l 0v’0vh p.omd5 Mfkh od=8vh ’9[q lYo]’q .o-;qj 0kh ,7noD lP’Ivh ’wslh tvNof’a g0kQ s06 vh pgIfa .s0h vh p 8vh ’pkj ’,kskg9kQ 0v’lP’ooA c,oj c];h c,oj lP’0v’7eld5 p’y ’k,7oq fP;m0ju vh pIda \\fq 9fy \\fq .9 ok’wslh tvdb ltvoN d[a dko9kdwx0v’0vh p voa gxoa dko9kdwx1kj ’[,+ ,u dN [a ,kvdu D 0vh p wfch 8oj ’ja vvpok’10j6 kh ’M c8oj k’d[= l+ k,kfIh6 c]t [g+ soa 0vh p77n oq vojn MD 0vh pwfch 8pj kj ’wxpkj ’ ,k gsaopkf8yrouj hv’,yfltskp I;j ,ma’wm[hkowmg,nv’rkdaoo’aj s^Yowrh s^n 3vh]q,daogrvnj 7q[’ao Ikj ’dkpm[uj +,u7;k,I6hlbdF [+,u;yopko0v’0hvp 8k,xtgroumguj 7upxt8y[af,k8A’c8xj 5c8xj 6hD .o-j;’g;]kmuj0hvp]jv’wx]vp,koAogv’F d=[a’gvuowfhpyolP’\\6j76j[k’d5j,lqomtok djP;da[g]njv’la’laogIIk ,aogIaf.sh0hvp8hv’8njop5[[kf|bj’ c]t g]uj,7yfIvf8vo0hvppa’ ,u-u;yf16j d=7ng]vnj ’0v’,N;kooUgv’D 0hvpde]a’oaj’la’laoda[\\67j 6lj ujshk7qo .oIhkodyofn,j murj hv,rP’.og]njv’0v’dko[=]ydko [;+ kj 9tgxoa vkskod[a cd,h gskQ^ g[p sn^ skd8vh ’dkolk;gl[u ,ko’ja gl[u 13j6 8t d,= .u srh vh ,8k, 7;k,8hv’dko vaogxaogsf.shm5d7qo8kj ’d=-noj vqd-noj .9 g;]k,uz6hclhz6hlk;,kgspAog[pgspAo gs^Qk.sh c]t .omulj 5f r;dgIqkma’sqd7qod=g,qk,bo phvo]yfgff0v’oE8kzugzf r;dgIqkma’ sqd7qo8kj ’d=rkdaocpdphkpda[.zda[,ao.o0totmu,j bog,qk16Dj 0hvpgv’0u]j qfgmokj 76.j 9 da[,k 8k,glAomk’g]dmu !# g|nv c8,j NoU0hvpla’gdf;kj [+7vj p,u]qflao9vos^kpxko.f 0hvp9b’j g]u,j [yf7aog]a’j 0Bo8n,j 9kd *W gru,j 0Bogdnv[ !WWD r=0uwj fh[+r=7k; g;]kmu9j tg0Qk37h’mk’|hk ]fq 0v’0vh prfa [w+ fwh x8k,mk’ pvh o7;k,w; c]t 7;k,g,kq rk.s]h fq 0v’0vh pg9fu vvd 0vh p rtpkpk,shk, c8jd=[+maolkc]h; grkt,aoc]jowx8eda[]qfdt[tmuj0ulj ;omk’,k 9kdoAo 0vh pd[= I+ sh6 p’a vdu g]pu ,kIvh6 du gmvnj |’jb d8= vog0kQ gIvn oc];h [,+ .u zloq .9oe9da 7oq D 9oq ,kIvffP;oU 9b’j wfhI6h;kj 8qogv’8kpwxc]h; 8kpwxrhv,da[vtok7qfmulj qf.l c8xj t4Y,7;k,g9a[x;f c]t 7;k,3ldglQkw;h.shr+c,vj hkpgvNvpohv’pkf,yfltskp ];,ma’7el5d py’mucj lo|hkmto54t |v,m0ju vh pIda lf5 s;q .9D skdd[a wx1vh ovtffu wf0h vh pd1= kdd[a wxcdwh 0gsfdko,;N kooU c87j fy wx7yf,k ,aod=gxaovtfufmcuj dhw0[+wfhc]h; .omluj 5f0hvp8hv’g[’yj Ikj ’dkp0v’8qogv’4ndgzqkw\\h fh;pcx;w2muIj hvocloIhvo 9qogIaf.sh0hvpIhvowxmq;j ma’8qoma’38 0hvpwfhc8Ij hv’wshvkw]vk ;vo.omd5 l’jy md5 1kj ’ 9oq oE8kg],ju xPd-,5j wxm;jq cd,h 7kh pd[a ;kj oE8k9twsv^ vd,kgxoa lkpg]vn f gIfa .s0h vh pg],ju Ilh6 db g1oa 8k,cd,h c]t ]e7.= og;]kooA gv’ 0vh pdx= kdfq wfph oy lP’c,Ij vh ’0oB ;kj G <7ecl’K 7ecl’K 8noj c,h rkc,wj x8ts^kfcfFj c,oj ]6dgxaospa’7nIhv’wshgvqkgxaogvqk 8kpcmKh < r=0vh p,no8k0Bo,k d=I;h6 kj 8oq gv’ovo1gj6 my’8P’m,uj u\\voxPd-,j5 f;h poE8kD da[cdh, = 0v’cdh, 93

#D 9qj’vkj ooymko < \\kda[c,; wxgvqkcdh;< c]h;;yg7kt8q;]t7vo\\kda[c,;D ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ \\kda[c,; wxgvqkcdh; z6hg]qkj { ly]k ;u]t;q’ z6h0Po { f;’gfnvo ;u]t;q’ r+ok7qo|b’j ,ulaf]hP’16lj k,387nG ’q;F \\k c]t c,; ’q;0v’]k;gxao’q;g4ydc0’cI’ ,gu 0kq d’jq dv,rf= ’u k, ro+ kIda ’;q 38osU k^ pgrkt,oa f\\5 oja I9h6 da ;PdwIdj kookfu []+ ’a [I+ kh p9da gmvjn D 1,6j kwfhs^kp2hks^kpxu ’q;]Q,x;j p c]t 8kp]q’dtmaosao r+okglp.9s^kp Ihv’wshoe’q;r=xko ;kj ,oa c,oj pkf8ry oju vh ’F ]k;9fa rmy lu ’jq ltdko’;q 7dn [a c,oj ,tof5 z|h6 ’jb D s’a^ 9kdgzkq l[q ’;q c];h ro+ k9’jb wxgd[a fd6 7fb ;kj 9tgvkq fd6 ’;q ,kd.+ lmj kfw;gh xoa m]ju t]db g,vjn 7;fa g0pj gm’y dv’2vo ]k; gsoa cd;h lu0P;’k,fu|;j p|’jb r+okfu.9s^kp7fb ;kj ’;q 0v’8oq wfxh tg7vnj ’7E0v’7o6 w;.h s]h k; 9’jb gd[a Ida lkw;gh my’Ikh ort1gj6 Invo g,vnj g;]k]k;vvdwxgIfa wIwj 4ok9’jb l’ja .s\\h k c]t c,;1j6 g/kQ gIvn o.sfh u gxoa |kh vfa lt9oa 1;6j kj o[a c8wj fch d;h |;j po,U kw;.h ogIvn o g0kQ .ookxk.o|v’0v’ ro+ k];h oc8vj f5 ,q l,q [o6 0oB F ro+ k,4u kotf0u oB g]vN pMD .omlju f5 dd= kpgxoa m-ju kj ]dn oa ;kj ro+ k,cu d;h ;gy lf1.j6 ogIvn oD 00U t3,p7oq |’jb wfph oy 7e-kj ]fn ’ja dkj ; 9’jb ,kzxy v’]da gvkq cd;h D .o,|N ’jb 0totmju \\kda[c,;16jg/QkgInvo c8jskdr;d,ao,ad1vdw]jdaos^Yo Xc8jdjvoM\\kda[c,;4nddaofu? 1gj6 foju |kh [kh o 0t3,p9v[,kmk’s’a^ gIvn o xou 0oB xvj ’1Ph ,c];h g0kQ wx1[y gvkq |;j pcd;h gm’y Ikh o rtwx3fp[+,u.zIgh6 soa oeD g,nvj r+okda[,kgInvo.o8vo7O[+gsaocdh; 9b’j Ihkpfkj \\kda[c,;1kj ’.spj 9kw]lj afma’ lv’|u c,;da[\\krkdaoIhv’wshvhvo;vo0=16joe7qo8+ c]t vklk;jk9twxoegvqkcdh;7no ,k.shwfhD { gvuK d6.shg;]kl6lk,,N z6h.fwfhcdh;7no,kd69t.sh16j.shdyo16gj my’gInvooeF r+okla’j 7;k, dvj omluj fa m’a lv’9tvvdgfuomk’D c,;I6h;kj \\k,ufa’;yglfle]a[ln[doyj 9’bj 3vh]q,g9]t9kda[\\kfh;p7;k,vvj os;ko;kj G { r;dgIkq wxoedoa goktK ,uwrvoa 8t]kpco;.f9’jb 9twf-h ;j pgs^nvdoa m;j ’moa gIfa co;oU r;dgIqk9bj’9twfhcdh;,klq’j okp c]t wfh16Ij ;j ,gInvofP;dao8+wxD \\kgsaofuoec,; grkt ,ao,uoyfwl0U1hko,adIhv’cI’Mvvd,k.og;]k8njo8qd.99aj’-Aolafma’lv’9bj’8qd]q’Ij;,dao \\kg],uj 8Qofq,ln[doyj 1v6j hv,gInvo9kdoAo,ao9’bj I6h;kj 0t3,pwfhg0Qk,kmk’xvj ’1hP, c]t da[wx mk’l;os^a’[hko \\kda[c,;c]oj wx8k,dyoj mu\\j kln[wfh Ivfg;]k[kj plafma’lv’ wfh,kg4y’ |v’.sp[j vj o|’bj ,uc0hg9Qk;a’oEovo0;k’|hk16j \\kgsaoc0hwfhdyoj 7k;d5p d=1hkoloaj s^q’Ihv’ gs’a’Mvvd,k l;j oc,;,ult8yfu9’bj g0Qkwx4k,c0hfh;pmkj muov[ohv,;kj G 94

{ rtpkc0hgsao0U0t3,pz6h|’bj ,k0hk,oEwx2kdr5ho[+L ,aowfh]adgvqkcdh;;yglf0v’okp ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ gIqkwx okpgIqk.9Ihkps^kp 4hk[+wfhcdh;7no,kr;dgIqk8hv’4ndokpw]|j u[+,u[vj o16jD c0h4nd c,;phv’.shgxaortpkd=0Bogvydvhkxkdvhk’c0h;cs^,sq;.lcj ,;fh;p7;k,fu.9D { gvuDDD gvuc,;ohvpg9Qkdhkskofus^kp dhk4k,IvfgIqkz6hgxaortpkc0hgIqk9t[vd7;k, 9y’da[g9qhkm5d1kj ’ 0U0t3,pm;uj kj oAo,ao0hk,oEwx2kdr5hoc8;j kooUr5hoc]h;K { 0v[.9s^kpMmkj ortpkc0hDDD c8gj vu0U0t3,p,ao0hk,wxco;.f]tL ,ao0ugj Invwx[+L { ,ao,ugInv0v’,ao]t[=K 00uj hk,wxc]h;,aogvqk0Bo/’ja w;hrhv,D { 3vDh DD -oA r;dgIkq 9t0kh ,wxwfch o;.fgoktL c,;soa ,kxdb lkd[a \\k g-’jy wfch 8cj d;’j s;q gIfa sk’g8vnj ppvh o1kh oc0h c,;9’jb gxoa z7h6 fb vvdg;kQ d[a c0;h kj G { rtpkc0gh Ipu K s’a^ 0v’mkj odd= ;kh ’.sprj x= koczoj cxoh 0.= srh ;dgIkq 0sju ’a^ mkj o0kh ,oE oUwxwf[h +L r;dgIkq 9t[+]n,[o5 ]n,7o5 0v’mkj ortpkg]upD { gvuDDD r;dl86 vh ’dko9’ja -oA d=wfh grktdd6 =r;,;kj 9t0kh ,wx2kdroh5 1j6 s^’a 0v’d26 r6 oQ oE 9tgxao[vj oo’aj .shr;dl6ma’lv’wfh1kj ’le[kpDDD gvqk,kDDD ,k0guj ]upK \\koAo1hkoc0hd=1hko c]t 1hko[+wfhcdh;wxlqj’okpm+Mdao g,njvgsaoc,;[+1hkodq; vao8t]kp.fM9’bj 8afluo.93ff0Bos^a’c0hoec,;D c0h.sp2j kfsk’.loj Egxao2v’p;dc8ddt9kpvhv,0hk’ c]h;9’bj r’5j 8q;vvddk’;a’oE f;h p9fy .9g[du [kovvo-vo [k’gmvjn czoj s’a^ d;kh ’0t|kfczoj cxoh xg6 Ivn o0v’,oa d9= ,q xf6 ]’q .ooE lafma’lv’muvj kwl16jgmy’s^a’9bj’4vpspa[wxmk’sq;g]NvpM gIaf.sh\\kg-y’j 1hkolajog-ao 1cj6 8gj dkjq Ilh6 db g9[a mvh ’1kd4kj p|da 0oB ,kmoa mu ,oa 7k’s’fy M vfq moq p,h5 doQ w;Dh c,;gsoa vkdko 8kj ’0v’\\k9’jb 4k,;kj G { 38gxoa sp’a ]tsoA L { gIkq g9[a mvh ’cI’1kd4kj p|da K \\k8v[|kh [fy |kh [Ph ;D { vqfwfJlPj ;DDD 1kj 0U.lcj 0hgxaogfaf0kfgfuKj c,;-n,j [vdfh;p7;k,s;a’fuF [+-Aogdufg]nvj ’ .sp7j da M8;kJ K { 3vhp gIqk.9-y0kfc]h;gfKj \\k7k’3vpj K M 1kj ’m=]t,koD { rtpkc0gh vpu K rfa c8wj fgh fou mk’,kds= k^ pc[[sk^ pco; c];h r;dgIkq [g+ 7pu wfwh xw;xko oU9adgmvnj mkj o]vp,koU7n9tc,oj w;l5f0ufc]h;goktK c,;3vh]q,c0hD { gIUpK l+koU,ao-yw;spa’L d6wxw;d;kj oUvuddtpa’wfhokj K ;kj c]h;c0hz6hltcf’d=2kfsk’ 8hk,M g7yj’8q;fhkomk’sk’9q,x6f]q’.ooE grnjvgxaj’de]a’faor5’j 38wxmk’|hkr=xko[A’w2 s^6f9kd7hk’D \\k c]t c,;4vpcsph0Bowx16Ij vfdhko7=c]h;F [+fqoc0hd=rklafma’lv’g0Qk 95

,k.dh8k/aj’ \\kg9a[mhv’s^kp0Bogxao]efa[ ]=g;]k9t3ffvvd9kdsq;c0hfh;p.99qf.99+ ສ.ວ.ສສະຫງວນລິຂະສິດ 9aj’-Aor=c8jc0hspa[g0Qk.dh8k/aj’dt;jk9t3ffg4y’fyo,aod=31h38]5d0Bo3ffmaomu [+gxao9aj’[5o dkog7nvj og|a’1kj ’dtmaosaogIaf.sh,ao[+lk,kf[ao-kglAoxtlkfma’\\qf 9b’j 0U1vfxHvfvvd .lxj kpf’a c0rh f= u c0.h 9Ikh p2kfsk’.loj Evkh xkd-ly ;k[c8[j m+ oa glpc];h \\kc]oj g0kQ wx].U o r,j5 w,gh my’/’ja l’6 MIvh ’gs’’a M c]t 4kj p|da vvd,kf;h p7;k,l;kj ’.9D c,;gv’ d=8dq .97ndoa 9’bj 3ff0Bo/’aj c8,j ao[+]n,Ihv’0v[vqd0v[.9c0h c8cj 0h[+2a’lP’ Ihv’fkj wx.l\\j k;kj G { ,kgfU [ad\\kgvupK oa[c8oj U8+wx,b’1kj wfh.shd6gsao|hkvudd60=9vj ’de9vj ’g;o,b’ [+;kj -kfoU s^n -kf.f 0g= xoa lfa 8d6 [a ,’b 8ts^vfwxD pvh oco;ooA c];h \\kd[a c09h ’jb [+4dn 8vh ’xv’fv’ dao c]t c0hd=,udhvo0U\\k8yf1x6j kpfa’9qogmkqj m5d;aooU gvUo;kj <0U\\kdhkp<D s’a^ 9kdrda g-kq gvkq cI’c];h \\k c]t c,;9’jb vvdgfou mk’8+9oq IvfgIvn o0t3,pD g;]k ooA rf= 7u vh p7ej c];h cl’cffg]kq lf5 mkh p,;h p,vf]’q F []= gy ;ovvh ,gIvn o0t3,p8dq 1.j6 o7;k,,fn F \\k c]t c,;7jvpM9v[g0QkwxI6h;jk[+,u7qo16j.ogInvoc]h;9bj’8qd]q’dao.shc,;0Bowx-vd 7Qo1g6j my’gInvoD l;j o\\k9v[g/Qk1d6j hv’8t]kj ’ c,;0Bowx-vd7Qo186j A’fqod=[+gsaocdh; 9qogfyd fonj gdnv[mPj ’7no \\kg]’aj c,;grkt1hkog9Qk0v’gInvoda[,k c,;da[\\kg],uj zyf4P’dao r=fu,u |638|’bj vvd,kskdyo c,;9’bj 3ff75[w;hc]h;4k,;kj G { ,’b ,k1gj6 InvooUfoq c];h [+L { 1,6j kc8gj dfu roh5 c];h rc+ ,vj kh povh ’0v’0vh p1oj6 \\U fq g9kQ ,kc8.j lL c8dj vj o,ks’a^ 0vh p7[n + gsoa g9kQ 9da gmvjn L |46 k,7on 1kj ’[1+ kh od;q rg= mkjq .f grkt,oa p’a [m+ oa I]h6 fy gff0v’c,; 9’ja -oA ,oa 9’jb dk’g][a 0,jq 7=|]6 ’q vudcI’Mm’a sp’yj c0;h Ivh ’2M6 M .l|j D6 { 3vph M M g9[a c];h K |I6 vh ’m’a foU foja Mc8pj ’jy ,oa foU gmkjq .fdx= kdfq ;kj gs[a^ cs,^ 7,q 0v’c,; 9dy s;q ,oa c|oh gmkjq ooA D { pv,c]h; pv,c]h; mkj o1kdwfhspa’L 1kdI6hspa’4k,,k3]fK |60=vvj opv, 9a’j -Ao c,;9’jb s^f5 zvj o7;k,cI’9kdv’h5 g][a ,n]’q r=g|’a wx,kwfDh { gvDu DD d,6 cu o;-4y k, 4kh ,’b [vd7;k,9’y d-6 xy vj p,’b gxoa vfy ltst^ 4kh ,’b 8;q t [c+ ,oj c8,j ’b 8q;fP;fvd-y8kpF c8\\j qf37f\\qfg-Nv,b’dt-y9y[skp;kp;vfwxoeD c,;0pj6 ’yj gIaf.sh |6ohvp 1kh oloja g-oa 0oB vdu D { 3fpDDD 0hkohvp ,uspa’4k,,k3]fD { ,’b 1g6j Ivn oo,U kfoq ,’b I8h6 ;y kj okp0v’,’b c,oj pvf0t3,pz|h6 ’jb K s;kj ’[+foq ,koU ,oa wx ]da gvkq cd;h ;yglf0v’okpd,6 ’b 9’jq [vdd,6 k8k,7;k,9y’;kj cd;h ;yglf|;j pooA 1.j6 lL 96


Like this book? You can publish your book online for free in a few minutes!
Create your own flipbook