["th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 Nixon hay Wallace mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i hay ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c \u1edf Rand c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ngh\u0129 g\u00ec - ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ebfu anh ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc anh ta - th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay Rand mu\u1ed1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Rand c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 Kissinger c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda cho Rand. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap Harry, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00f4i h\u01a1i nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u00e0 t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u1eaby nguy hi\u1ec3m. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i ch\u1ee3t n\u1ea3y ra \u00fd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf khi tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c leo thang v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u0129 quan qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u1ea1i Rand v\u00e0 trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Washington, khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00f4i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n, th\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y th\u00ec t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o g\u1ee3i \u00fd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f2n n\u00eau l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u1eefa v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \\\"h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\\\" kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i m\u1edbi l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n sau 8 n\u0103m. Cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n n\u0103m 1968 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Westmoreland v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Clifford \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e0m ph\u00e1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng, \u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m l\u00e0 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00fat qu\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u? T\u00f4i \u0111i Washington trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn, nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e2u v\u1edbi Mort Halperin, Les Gelb v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u00e2n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. T\u00f4i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t trong suy ngh\u0129 trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay. V\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Gi\u00e1ng sinh n\u0103m 1968, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eadp","b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n cho c\u00e1c th\u01b0 k\u00fd t\u1ea1i Rand \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y. Sau khi d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i vui \u0111\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc Gi\u00e1ng sinh v\u1edbi hai con. \u0110\u00eam \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Malibu, t\u00f4i t\u1eb7ng qu\u00e0 cho ch\u00fang. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, Gi\u00e1ng sinh, t\u00f4i l\u00e1i xe \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang t\u1edbi m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang, l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u1ea1i Rand v\u00e0 ra s\u00e2n bay v\u1edbi Harry Rowen v\u00e0 Fred Inkle. T\u1ed1i h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1i New York, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n Pierre, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Nixon v\u00e0 Kissinger \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho Kissinger \u0111\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u00eam h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta. S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, trong ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n Henry \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, t\u00f4i b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta t\u1eebng trang m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a 72 trang t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Fred v\u00e0 Harry kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng Kissinger \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi Tom Schelling t\u1edbi New York \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Schelling l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3. \u00d4ng ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho lu\u1eadn v\u0103n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n t\u1ea1i Rand v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft Kissinger v\u00e0 Schelling th\u00e2n nhau \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o. Ho\u00e1 ra, Schelling \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n Kissinger. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0: \\\"Dan, anh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 theo anh ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng\\\". Th\u1ef1c ra ba chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 \\\"Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng th\u00f4ng qua th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\\\" v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, trong nh\u1eefng qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i k\u00e8m. Tom n\u00f3i: \\\"T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng khi anh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, anh ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, cho d\u00f9 anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u00ec n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m hay nguy hi\u1ec3m hay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Anh s\u1ebd n\u00f3i: \\\"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng\\\", cho d\u00f9 anh kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\\\". T\u00f4i n\u00f3i: \\\"Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng\\\". M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi im l\u1eb7ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Theo nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, Kissinger c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: \\\"Anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 hai tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u1ed5n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecd r\u00fat qu\u00e2n. \\\"Anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 g\u1ea5p n\u0103m l\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3. Anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ea1y sang L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u","\u0111\u00f3 bao xa v\u00e0 trong bao l\u00e2u? \\\"Anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng\\\". T\u00f4i n\u00f3i th\u00eam, th\u1ef1c ra n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n), b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf L\u00e0o hay Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft\\\". Schelling kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng anh ta \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch kh\u00e1c: \\\"\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, anh ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i g\u00ec t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1. Anh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt \u0111e do\u1ea1\\\". T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. C\u1ea3 Schelling v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111e do\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng ta ch\u1ec9 ra sai s\u00f3t n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i: \\\"Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang\\\". Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i th\u00eam: \\\"T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111e do\u1ea1 leo thang chi\u1ebfn tranh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9m bom Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong 3 n\u0103m nay v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n\\\". Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c \u01b0a th\u00edch nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Kissinger n\u00f3i: \\\"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i giao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111e do\u1ea1 leo thang? Thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n\\\". T\u00f4i n\u00f3i: \\\"Henry, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi \u0111e do\u1ea1 n\u00e9m bom\\\". Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Tony. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111e do\u1ea1 v\u00e0o trong b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfp theo. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3, chuy\u1ec3n sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0 n\u1ed9p t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u. Trong cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p th\u1ee9 hai v\u1edbi Kissinger t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n Pierre v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi hai, t\u00f4i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. T\u00f4i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho \u00f4ng ta bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 McNamara \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng M\u1ef9 khi \u00f4ng ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng Tham m\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 Th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi cho c\u00e1c tham m\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1961. Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin; b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a McNamara trong L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng ta v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i b\u00ean trong L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c. Do v\u1eady s\u1ebd nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u1ebfu l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i \u00f4ng ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh tay ph\u1ea3i, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u\\\". \u00d4ng ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea1o tin ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tin t\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. D\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ngay khi m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb l\u1eeba ph\u1ec9nh","v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tranh lu\u1eadn. \u00d4ng ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng ta ch\u1ec9 theo c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u1ecfi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch n\u00f3. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n, kh\u00e1ch quan h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 CIA ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u trong n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi t\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng tham m\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tham m\u01b0u m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a CIA ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y n\u00ean xung \u0111\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9t k\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecn \u1edf H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng hay n\u00e9m bom mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng m\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 CIA hay b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao (INR) hay c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng (c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 An ninh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng) t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p \u00fd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec b\u00ean qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, T\u1ed5ng Tham m\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i \u0111o\u00e1 l\u00ean v\u00e0 r\u00eau rao r\u1eb1ng \\\"nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y\\\" \u0111ang v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan trong \u0111\u00f3, l\u1eddi c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c n\u00eau tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin, kinh nghi\u1ec7m khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u0129 quan qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1eeb kh\u00f4i. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 bi quan h\u01a1n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 cha anh h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, l\u1ea5y c\u1edb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng nghe nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1edb v\u1ea9n n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Nixon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n khi c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ri\u00eang ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quan li\u00eau. Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c ho\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111a chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \\\"n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n\\\" m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khi r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e2n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u00e0nh cho T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 sai ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ee9 hai, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00fang hay sai, nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.","Vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 quan (trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi) s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 x\u1eed. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb quan li\u00eau ph\u1ea3i lui v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi - c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Kissinger. Kissinger th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u00f4ng ta m\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft g\u00ec. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Kissinger, Nixon d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap Kissinger c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 Morton Halperin so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o cho \u00f4ng ta nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng An ninh qu\u1ed1c gia. Trong th\u00e1ng t\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o cho \u00f4ng ta v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4ng ta n\u00eau ra khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u00e0 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n suy ngh\u0129 trong khi \u00f4ng ta s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ngay khi t\u00f4i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta. D\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac bu\u1ed5i b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, Kissinger b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i t\u00e1ch danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, n\u00eau c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y d\u00e0i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa (danh s\u00e1ch l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5), v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta s\u1ebd c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ri\u00eang, m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia (NSSM). (NSSM n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 NSSM-1, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u sau n\u00e0y \u00f4ng ta y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh). \u00d4ng ta y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Fred Inkle s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n. Kissinger kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 g\u00ec k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng di\u1ec7p m\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta. \\\"Henry, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi anh. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1ebd t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Anh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i v\u00e0 anh \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1i m\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1eafp t\u1edbi anh s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, c\u00f2n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i m\u1eadt n\u1eefa kia. \\\"B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ai v\u1eeba m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin trong t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. \\\"Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin n\u1ed5i. Th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng,","\u00f4ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng ng\u1ed1c sau khi \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng trong h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng anh l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, anh s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ng\u1ed1c ngh\u1ebfch h\u01a1n v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 anh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 anh s\u1ebd t\u00e9 ng\u1eeda khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd gi\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng cho anh bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o. \\\"\u00d4ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng ng\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 2 tu\u1ea7n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, sau khi anh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y v\u00e0 quen v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao nhi\u00eau th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ed m\u1eadt trong th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, anh s\u1ebd qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi anh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 anh s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd anh c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ng\u1edd ngh\u1ec7ch. \\\"Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai - kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng hai hay ba n\u0103m th\u00f4i - cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng anh s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u00edch g\u00ec cho anh, b\u1edfi ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i anh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1edd Th\u1eddi b\u00e1o New York v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian anh m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \\\"Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho anh l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec anh s\u1ebd ngh\u0129, \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1edbi ta khi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u01a1 ch\u1ee9? \u00f4ng ta s\u1ebd khuy\u00ean ta nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hay l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta? V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd tra t\u1ea5n anh. T\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 anh s\u1ebd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i n\u1eefa. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i n\u1eefa. \\\"Anh s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 anh s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t kh\u00e9o v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec anh bi\u1ebft. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, anh s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u00f4ng ta. Anh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng ta n\u00f3i. Nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 anh s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb kh\u1edd kh\u1ea1o. Anh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u0111i n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau\\\". \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i n\u00f3i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i n\u00f3i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i cho ai \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eafp b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \\\"nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\\\". Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c \u0103n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u hay b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i tr\u00ean hoang \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng con l\u1ee3n b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0.","Kissinger kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eaft l\u1eddi khi t\u00f4i n\u00f3i. Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u00f4ng ta r\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 l\u1eafng nghe. \u00d4ng ta d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \\\"k\u1ebb c\u1ea3\\\", \\\"l\u00ean l\u1edbp\\\" v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i v\u1ed1n e ng\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111ang m\u1edbi. V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng hai, Halperin g\u1ecdi t\u00f4i t\u1edbi Washington \u0111\u1ec3 xem nh\u1eefng th\u01b0 h\u1ed3i \u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1edbi NSSM-1, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng d\u00e0y h\u01a1n 500 trang. Tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, Winston Lord, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1ebb, \u0111ang t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u01b0 h\u1ed3i \u00e2m, chia c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi t\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau trong H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng An ninh qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft cho T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0n c\u00e3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh, Halperin mu\u1ed1n t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra xem nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn hay t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed cao hay kh\u00f4ng. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng gi\u00fap Lord so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 anh ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 anh ta l\u1eadp ra. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n trong b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p T\u1ed5ng Tham m\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edfng, CINCPAC, Tham m\u01b0u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi V\u1ee5 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao chia s\u1ebb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1c quan. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m CIA, V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng (ISA v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng), b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf Washington. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 bi quan h\u01a1n nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9m bom L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c xem ch\u1eebng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t vui khi th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i) cho th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t 8,3 n\u0103m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh xong 4,15 tri\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi quan h\u01a1n th\u00ec d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t 13,4 n\u0103m. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, NSSM-l cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m h\u1ebft cho chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau hao l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng Tham m\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng cho d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong n\u0103m 1968 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n tuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u1edf c\u1ea3 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n 1968 th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau hao l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \\\"Ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. CIA ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi 1% trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n","2 tri\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb di\u1ec5n ra trong hai n\u0103m qua \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t trong Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 1\/10 c\u1ee7a l%. Do v\u1eady m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng: \\\"Theo nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam (gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00ednh b\u1ed9 binh \u1edf Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam), l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau hao l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Nh\u00ecn chung, ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean\\\". M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng: - Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam hay kh\u00f4ng. - Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang RVNAF (t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0), trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng - B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. - \u0110\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau hao l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nhanh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n hay g\u1eedi bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u1eb1m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, trang b\u1ecb l\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 phi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \\\"s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, m\u00e1y bay tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng, ph\u00e1o binh, h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 binh\\\". Th\u1ef1c ra, T\u1ed5ng Tham m\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edfng, CINCPAC v\u00e0 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u tin r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 3 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7t Minh \u1edf Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1972 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 l\u1edbn trong Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Sau khi Winston v\u00e0 t\u00f4i so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o xong b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho NSSM-l \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u00e9m bom v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1o. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3n \\\"\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c gia\\\" (NIE 50-68). C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Domino v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Campuchia r\u01a1i v\u00e0o","qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng \\\"kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i t\u1edbi ch\u00e2u \u00c1\\\". Lord v\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi NSSM-1 \u0111\u1ec1u \\\"b\u00e1c b\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00fd \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f2n t\u1ecf ra bi quan h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \\\"nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\\\" nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1i Lan v\u1eabn n\u00f3i, hay \\\"m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00edch nghi\\\" kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u1edbi an ninh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Sau 15 n\u0103m c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \\\"\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh\\\" hay \\\"th\u00edch nghi\\\" t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, t\u00f4i ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 xem xem nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. Khi Mort Halperin tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi Kissinger nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 xin ch\u1eef k\u00fd, Kissinger n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta: \\\"Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u1ed3i\\\". \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nghe kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd sau khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi \u0111i h\u01a1n 20 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a NSSM-1, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u01b0a m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. Khi t\u00f4i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111i, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng 500 trang nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a NSSM-l s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Rand hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd \u0111ang tham gia c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Rand tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Washington c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng mu\u1ed1n mang v\u1ec1 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Santa Monica. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, Mort Halperin bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Do v\u1eady m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng anh ta k\u00e9o t\u00f4i sang v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: \\\"T\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u anh kh\u00f4ng cho ai \u1edf Rand xem t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 anh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0\\\". L\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a anh nghe ra c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng An ninh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Th\u1ef1c ra, theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Rand, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng An ninh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. T\u1eeb gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Mort, m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec anh ta mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 e ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng Rand c\u00f3 t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a anh ta. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan h\u1eefu quan v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng An ninh qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng v\u0103n gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Rand v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng hay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Henry Kissinger. B\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u00f4i","m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 Kissinger, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu Mort th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00f4i g\u1eedi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y cho Rand th\u00ec anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 anh ta bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u00e1nh m\u1eaft khi anh ta n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \\\"Dan, anh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y cho Rand. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng anh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho Harry Rowen, cho Fred Inkle, cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ai\\\". Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi Rand, t\u1ef1 t\u00f4i sao ch\u1ee5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong ph\u00f2ng photocopy c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng An ninh qu\u1ed1c gia, thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a cho th\u01b0 k\u00fd sao ch\u1ee5p h\u1ed9. Khi t\u00f4i mang t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 Rand, t\u00f4i tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 12 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, t\u00f4i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Halperin r\u1eb1ng anh ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00f4i sao ch\u1ee5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Rand. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00ec anh ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a cho t\u00f4i t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ai c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Halperin hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u1edf Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng anh ta bi\u1ebft n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u00f3 \u0111ang n\u1eb1m \u1edf Rand b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i d\u00e1m ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u00fa \u00fd khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec anh \u1ea5y d\u1eb7n. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o xa l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Rand, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay th\u00ec Rand ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec li\u00ean can \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng c\u1ea3. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00ed m\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang v\u1ec1 Rand. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i Rand th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"c\u1ea3i trang\\\" \u0111i. V\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i l\u00e0m theo \u0111\u00fang l\u1eddi Halperin d\u1eb7n, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi anh ta nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf Rand. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi anh ta r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng. Anh ta n\u00f3i: \\\"D\u0129 nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec anh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang\\\". Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o anh ta n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i trong tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, khi t\u00f4i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eadp trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u McNamara t\u1eeb Washington mang v\u1ec1 Santa Monica, v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho m\u1ed9t ai bi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a McNamara khi t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1968. Ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n nghi\u00ean ctnl, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebf.n c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1968 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3. Les Gelb ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ISA th\u00eam m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng n\u1eefa trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ebft c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c bi\u00ean t\u1eadp v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi anh ta chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n Brookings. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi hai, anh ta v\u00e0 s\u1ebfp, Paul Warnke v\u00e0 Halperin \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng m\u1ef1c \u0111en r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi Han y Rowen r\u1eb1ng hai b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Warnke, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Halperin v\u00e0 Gelb, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tuy\u1ec7t m\u1eadt t\u1ea1i v\u0103n","ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Rand \u1edf Washington. (Vi\u1ec7n Brookings kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tuy\u1ec7t m\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin m\u1eadt). H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u01a1i k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 coi nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ec7t m\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tuy\u1ec7t m\u1eadt ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00e1ch; t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Halperin lo s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng Walt Rostow hay m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy t\u00ecm t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao v\u00e0 ti\u00eau hu\u1ef7 ch\u00fang \u0111i. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai b\u1ea3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng. C\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u00fd do t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u00e0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Rand bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean m\u00ecnh Harry bi\u1ebft. V\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00edch g\u00ec nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecd cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t. C\u1ea3 Harry v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111ang mong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u so s\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i coi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \\\"Chuy\u00ean\\\". Gelb ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng anh ta \u0111\u00e3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi t\u00f4i - \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang - v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Anh ta v\u00e0 Halperin l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho t\u00f4i tham gia. T\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u00f4i ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 cho ai bi\u1ebft n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xin ph\u00e9p m\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin. Nh\u01b0ng sau khi Halperin nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eb1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y - t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 - v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111\u01b0a t\u00ean t\u00f4i v\u00e0o. Th\u00e1ng 3-1969, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eadp trong l\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1edbi Santa Monica \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, Gelb lo ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho anh \u1ea5y khi anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o g\u1ea5p n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hai chi\u1ec1u, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u0129 quan kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bay c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n. V\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i t\u1eeb Washington, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 g\u1eedi cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Do v\u1eady, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 4-3, t\u00f4i tuy\u00ean th\u1ec7 l\u00e0m th\u01b0 k\u00fd ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tuy\u1ec7t m\u1eadt t\u1ea1i v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Rand \u1edf Washington. Hai t\u00fai to t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y hai","c\u1eb7p s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn - c\u00e1c t\u00fai chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, c\u00f3 n\u1eafp v\u00e0 kho\u00e1 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn - m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n x\u00e1ch tay tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i c\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh l\u00fd g\u1eedi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i trong ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Larry Henderson, Ph\u00f3 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Rand \u1edf Washington, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Rowen: khi t\u00f4i quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Santa Monica th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ngay v\u00e0o trong k\u00e9t b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. Jan Butler, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 ta l\u00e0 Dick Best, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 an ninh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai \u1edf Rand bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nghe v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m Fred Inkle v\u00e0 Bob Korner, h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang n\u1eb1m \u1edf Rand kh\u00f4ng. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i h\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i gi\u1ee5c Harry \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Gelb v\u00e0 Halperin cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f4i ng\u1ea1i n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh - \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi t\u00f4i n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i h\u1ecd - m\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb l\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tham gia vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u1edf Rand. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 trong t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y h\u01a1i kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u (ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1eabn kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u), v\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0ng nghe r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp hay trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng v\u0103n m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n khi b\u1ecb t\u00f4i th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c, Rowen n\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi Halperin v\u00e0 Gelb r\u1eb1ng n\u00ean th\u00eam m\u1ed9t hay hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1eefa v\u00e0o trong danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u00ec anh ta \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y v\u00e0o trong danh s\u00e1ch: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Richard Moorsteen v\u00e0 Emie May, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard. Nh\u01b0ng Gelb v\u00e0 Halperin ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i.","Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: [90]\\\"B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\\\" - H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c, Gravel bi\u00ean t\u1eadp, quy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 4, trang 603.","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\t16 Kh\u00eda\tC\u1ea1nh\t\u0110\u1ea1o\t\u0110\u1ee9c\tC\u1ee7a\tCu\u1ed9c\tChi\u1ebfn\tK\u00e9o\tD\u00e0i C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \\\"Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\" m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh sau khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn Washington v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1969, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c ra, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \\\"ti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p\\\", c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u can thi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. \u0110a ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \\\"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam?\\\" v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn t\u00f4i. V\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1eefa: n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1ebd ra n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1eb7t ra kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi - \u00edt nh\u1ea5t sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 - th\u00ec T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 thi h\u01a1n? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft th\u00e1ng b\u1ea3y v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 8-1969, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Rand m\u00e0 t\u00f4i tham gia vi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \\\"Nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ebf t\u1eafc\\\"[91]. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt; r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111ang ph\u00e1t huy hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Richard Bames \u0111\u00e3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9: \\\"M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng\\\". Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u - m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ecdc (\u0111\u00fang ra l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng ch\u00edn) nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c - do v\u1eady nh\u1eefng quan ng\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o n\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. Ch\u00ednh trong th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, khi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1969, t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, c\u00e1i quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng). H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1","s\u1edf cho m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ng\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u quan ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tin v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec s\u1ebd thua cu\u1ed9c trong danh d\u1ef1 v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t m\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. T\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1969, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111a ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c M\u1ef9, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 t\u00f4i, r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c can thi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i ngay sau khi t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ohio v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5- 1969. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho sinh vi\u00ean, t\u00f4i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ed3 nghi v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp gi\u01a1 tay bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft xem ai tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u01a1 tay. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0ng trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ngh\u0129, m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n M\u1ef9, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 phi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam - c\u00f3 l\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 10-15% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 - th\u00ec \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh tham gia hay t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 tru\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i g\u00ec t\u1edbi ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh di\u1ec7t vong d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1n bom c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 khi theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: \\\"Ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0111a s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 l\u00e2u nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam mong mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac - d\u00f9 b\u00ean n\u00e0o th\u1eafng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c - h\u01a1n l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. T\u1ed1i h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i ch\u1ee3t n\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi khi t\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1ea7u khi \u0111ang gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i. Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn thanh ni\u00ean trong phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn - bao g\u1ed3m \u0111a ph\u1ea7n sinh vi\u00ean trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 - ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng hay ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (tr\u1eeb Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh). N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng tham chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a","ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea3i theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam? T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00ean n\u00e0o th\u1eafng? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p khi ch\u00fang ta \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn? \u0110\u00eam h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9 tr\u0103n tr\u1edf m\u00e3i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3. S\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p m\u00e1y bay v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u1edf bang California, t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n cho Mort Halperin, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Henry Kissinger trong Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng, ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i: \\\"Mort, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi anh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u. Anh d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00ednh cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac, d\u00f9 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00ean n\u00e0o th\u1eafng?\\\" Mort \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: \\\"Kho\u1ea3ng 80 \u0111\u1ebfn 90%\\\". \\\"Th\u1ebf c\u00f2n s\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a anh?\\\", \u00fd t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Kissinger. \\\"T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i v\u1edbi s\u1ebfp. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u00f4ng ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\\\". T\u00f4i n\u00f3i: \\\"Con s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 nghe r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac, d\u00f9 phe C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n hay ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd? T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y?\\\" Mort im l\u1eb7ng h\u1ed3i l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i n\u00f3i: \\\"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t hay. T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ngay c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd suy ngh\u0129 th\u00eam\\\". Khi \u0111\u00e1p m\u00e1y bay v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n logic. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n sinh vi\u00ean - th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u01a1 tay bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft trong l\u1edbp - r\u1eb1ng \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u1ea7m \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. T\u00f4i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tin v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam thi\u1ebfu h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u00edt t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1edbp sinh vi\u00ean t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129. T\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i ho\u00e0i nghi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n sinh vi\u00ean t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i cho h\u1ecd, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c xa c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c xa c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm t\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ta hay m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh trong t\u00f4i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfp sau khi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i quay sang \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c","chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y. G\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i mang t\u1eeb Washington v\u1ec1 Rand v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng t\u00e1m nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1945-1960. Ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t trong t\u00f4i khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y. M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1969, \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Ch\u00ed, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho C\u00f4ng ty Rand, n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \\\"\u00d4ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng trong con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3-1945, v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n hai n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u quay l\u1ea1i x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\". L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng ta n\u00f3i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quan ch\u1ee9c M\u1ef9 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng. \u00d4ng ta mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 giam gi\u1eef l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 9-3-1945, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 5 th\u00e1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb, nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. T\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 11, 12- 1946 khi qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c h\u00f2ng t\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n coi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh g\u1eedi t\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao M\u1ef9 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Truman b\u00e1c b\u1ecf. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 n\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n - kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c n\u0103m 1945 M\u1ef9 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. \u0110\u00fang ra, vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta l\u1eb7ng thinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft s\u00e1ch h\u01a1i do d\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Roosevelt \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \\\"quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu\\\" thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp sau chi\u1ebfn tranh. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Truman, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 (v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Roosevelt r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y) v\u00e0 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft ghi trong Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Truman. B\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch mong mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi Anh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Anh c\u00f3 tham gia v\u00e0o Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng Anh kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Malaysia. T\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m 1946, trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c","h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e0m v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c nam Trung Hoa, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p. Jean Sainteny, vi\u00ean to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u1edf B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam hay kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng qua tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c bi\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho hai b\u00ean n\u1ed5 s\u00fang giao chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1946. Trong n\u0103m n\u0103m l\u00e0m quan ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a h\u00e8, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay t\u00f4i v\u1eabn khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m t\u00f4i \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1i m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u McNamara v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u00e0m cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u McNamara v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1950- 1961, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 50, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 M\u1ef9, Ph\u00e1p, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn trong Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Geneva k\u00fd n\u0103m 1954. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 khu v\u1ef1c phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf chia c\u1eaft hai nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. N\u0103m 1956, h\u1ecd k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 quan ch\u1ee9c L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hay bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i tin v\u00e0o l\u00fd l\u1ebd ngu\u1ef5 bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng v\u0103n gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u1ed1i m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Geneva v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u00f9 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 hay c\u00f4ng khai, Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng M\u1ef9, Rusk v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \\\"t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean\\\" v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Geneva n\u0103m 1954. Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec3u ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng khai th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra hai nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, hai \\\"ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng\\\", B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng m\u1ef1c \u0111en. Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c tr\u01a1 tr\u1ebdn. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng tr\u01a1 tr\u1ebdn kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 60 M\u1ef9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \\\"ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ea1i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh\\\" trong khi M\u1ef9 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc","\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m 1967 t\u1ea1i L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c. Th\u00e1ng 3-1964, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng McNamara \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Johnson r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a De Gaulle \\\"trung l\u1eadp ho\u00e1 Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\" bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c M\u1ef9 r\u00fat qu\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng: \\\"\u0110\u00e0m ph\u00e1n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 sau n\u0103m 1954 m\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103m 1954 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed \\\"t\u1ef1 do\\\" to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 1956. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m 1969 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103m 1954 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p vi ph\u1ea1m 8 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m 1946. T\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1ea5t r\u00f5. Khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 g\u1eedi t\u1edbi Jean Sainteny v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9-1946 t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, \\\"T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ra \u0111i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y. H\u00e3y cho t\u00f4i v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb mu\u1ed1n khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c t\u00f4i\\\". (T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh b\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch gay g\u1eaft v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh). \\\"\u00d4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. \u00d4ng gi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i th\u00ec t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng s\u1ebd m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng\\\". T\u00ednh lo xa k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 trong l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 9-1969 khi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c, t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng v\u0103n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau khi \u00f4ng H\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o. Ng\u00e0y 19-12-1946, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau \\\"s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1\\\" t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m, m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o binh d\u1ed9i bom tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t xu\u1ed1ng khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u1edf H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 6.000 d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng, chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e3 t\u00e2m - c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n sau chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai - d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 23- 12-1946, John Carter Vincent, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f2ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng v\u0103n cho Th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao, Dean Acheson \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 sau: \\\"M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 thu h\u1eb9p ph\u1ea1m vi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \\\"nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\\\"(92) Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd thi\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ecb d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec chia r\u1ebd n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, m\u01b0u toan ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u01b0u toan xu\u1ea9n ng\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n v\u1eady. V\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n nay, chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i\\\".","T\u1ea1i Rand, th\u00e1ng 9-1969, khi \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mang t\u1eeb Washington v\u1ec1, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Vincent v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \\\"s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu\\\" \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao M\u1ef9 ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng 9-1948, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m can thi\u1ec7p\\\". \\\"Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed1i th\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng H\u1ed3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng H\u1ed3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e0i ba v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u00f4ng H\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u mang l\u1ea1i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang ta ng\u1ea1i ng\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u00fac \u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u hay can thi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang ta s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m can thi\u1ec7p\\\"[93]. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p (nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang \\\"ph\u00e2n r\u00e3\\\"), ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 \\\"l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb tha\\\" c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Vincent \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1eafp tham gia. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, theo chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta can thi\u1ec7p gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0m \u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1950, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eeba m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp non tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 lu\u00f4n \u0111i theo h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng cung, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1949, v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean coi vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. \u0110\u00fang ra, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n M\u1ef9 coi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \\\"s\u00e2n\\\" cho C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0","c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. Khi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1949, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi m\u1edf c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c gi\u00fap phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Minh. Nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng V\u0169 V\u0103n Th\u00e1i t\u1ea1i Rand n\u00f3i: \\\"T\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf \u0111i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7t Minh\\\". Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ee5t ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n r\u00fat lui. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi l\u00fd do t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 - ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u00f4ng qua n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 - ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n M\u1ef9, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p Ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i hay r\u00fat lui (v\u00ec M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n g\u1eedi qu\u00e2n tham chi\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec sau n\u00e0y t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y b\u1ebf t\u1eafc\\\". K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng minh, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c M\u1ef9 th\u00fac \u00e9p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00ean t\u1edbi 85%. N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh b\u00e1n \\\"nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\\\" c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n \\\"d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do\\\". Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0: th\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111a ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u0111ang c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec1n cho Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1ng giam ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh. Do v\u1eady b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, M\u1ef9 \u0111ang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam: th\u00e0 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh, hay ch\u1ebft c\u00f2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng quen thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111ang l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Sau n\u00e0y t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c M\u1ef9 lu\u00f4n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho M\u1ef9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u01a1n l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. C\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam r\u1ea5t ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u1eeba ph\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng quan ch\u1ee9c M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p hay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7m s\u00fang \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c si\u00eau ph\u00e0m h\u01a1n - v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. D\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t cho h\u1ecd, khi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 sinh m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, \\\"ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c\\\" nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef9 Fulbright \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o cho th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1961 th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a McNamara v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 50, c\u1ea3 trong cu\u1ed9c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh Ph\u00e1p\\\" v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 khi M\u1ef9 \\\"\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9\\\" cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u0169 trang t\u1ea1i Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00ec t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt li\u00ean quan nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 60.","T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea7m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u, m\u00e0 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, khi \u0111\u1ecdc xong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 9- 1969. - Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. - Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u: l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 M\u1ef9. Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam - kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn - \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean, s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 binh l\u00ednh v\u00e0 phi c\u00f4ng. - \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 40, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m n\u00e0o m\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \\\"cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn\\\" n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n M\u1ef9 hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, sau \u0111\u00f3 qua ngu\u1ef5 quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 r\u00f3t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Th\u1ef1c ra s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o sau n\u0103m 1954 n\u1ebfu M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 tay ch\u00e2n ngu\u1ef5 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u1edf Geneva. Sau n\u0103m 1955 ho\u1eb7c 1960, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n g\u00ec m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u00e1p m\u01b0u toan t\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trang b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u00e0o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn. N\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \\\"can thi\u1ec7p\\\" v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \\\"th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn\\\", nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 do ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn l\u00e0m, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n th\u00eam \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Theo nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00eau tr\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn. T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd tham d\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (sau l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111i c\u00f9ng Patriacia n\u0103m 1965), nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1eady. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \\\"c\u1ef1c \u0111oan\\\", c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u00ednh l\u00edu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecd. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i tin. 5 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12-1964, s\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 John McNaughton \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Randkhi h\u1ecd b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1edbi \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \\\"\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ed kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\\\": \\\"N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang (v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0","kh\u00f4ng tham nh\u0169ng, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n), th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m khi tham chi\u1ebfn. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 sai\\\". Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m t\u00f4i quan t\u00e2m; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \\\"s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea3\\\". Trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n coi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u00ednh l\u00edu, can d\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p leo thang. Trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ban \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf Washington hay S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m 1969 v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng ch\u00edn n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp H\u1ed3 s\u01a1, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m hay \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian 9 n\u0103m ch\u00fang ta \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f2i s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n; tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, n\u0103m n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u00e9p Ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1954 khi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ng\u1eebng cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 th\u00f4ng qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho tay ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00ed m\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 d\u00ednh l\u00edu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 - v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang g\u00e2y ra - l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i th\u00e1ng 5 \u1edf Ohio: th\u1eadt v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c khi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c v\u00e0 bom \u0111\u1ea1n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1eefa. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ohio, t\u00f4i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn phi ngh\u0129a, m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.","Trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i \u00e1c. N\u1ebfu cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 phi l\u00fd, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00e0o b\u1ecb l\u00ednh M\u1ef9 ho\u1eb7c l\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u00ea m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1950 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, ph\u00e2n minh n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 ra m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i hai ch\u1eef \\\"gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi\\\". Gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t. Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi? \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd tin v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, khi h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eef k\u00edn trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau n\u0103m n\u0103m ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i, h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng khai, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1eadt. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che gi\u1ea5u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u00ed m\u1eadt r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hy v\u1ecdng g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m trong h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n trang h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng trang h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i n\u1eb1m trong tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng cho chi\u1ebfn tranh leo thang. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i coi s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ngay khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m th\u1eadt \\\"kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o\\\" kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i g\u00ec t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ngh\u0129 trong v\u00f2ng hai, ba n\u0103m qua, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang ra s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 9-1969. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eeba gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng t\u00e1m, khi t\u00f4i s\u1eafp k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac. N\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u00f4i tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa m\u00f9a h\u00e8, Morton Halperin n\u00f3i: \\\"Nixon ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng\\\". \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ecf ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng lan r\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tin x\u1ea5u, th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tin kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a McNamara, th\u00ec tin t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1n v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta. Khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7ng h\u1ecfi Mort v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hy v\u1ecdng anh ta s\u1ebd n\u00f3i th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. Khi t\u00f4i ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf nh\u00e0 anh ta v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, anh ta k\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft n\u1eefa. Nixon kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y S\u00e0i G\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng sau m\u1ed9t","th\u1eddi gian c\u00e1ch qu\u00e3ng hai, ba n\u0103m. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec7m, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong su\u1ed1t n\u0103m 1976, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xoay x\u1edf v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xoay x\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng hay Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd k\u1ebft th\u00fac. L\u1eddi h\u1ee9a khi v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng tranh c\u1eed c\u1ee7a Nixon s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ee9a h\u00e3o. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ta tin r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n g\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a h\u00e3o kh\u00e1c. Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t S\u00e0i G\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng? Nixon tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t trong hai c\u00e1ch. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng ta th\u00edch h\u01a1n l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u00fat qu\u00e2n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi M\u1ef9. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ef1c C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ef1c cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, v\u1edbi l\u1eddi \u0111e do\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng t\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u1ebfu mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ef5 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ed9 binh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Nixon. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Nixon ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c. Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y, M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3m qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3m ch\u1eadm, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m kh\u00e1 \u00edt, mi\u1ec5n sao s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1edf l\u1ea1i Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi trong khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e1 chi\u1ebfn tranh s\u1ebd t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ef5 quy\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch r\u00fat h\u1ebft qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 n\u1ebfu H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i r\u00fat qu\u00e2n. M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kho\u1ea3ng 200.000 l\u00ednh h\u01a1n (ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng \u00edt h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 50.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 100.000 l\u00ednh) s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i t\u1ea1i Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. John Vann c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Nixon, khi \u00f4ng ta v\u1ec1 th\u0103m nh\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qua m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng Bruce Palmer, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng Tham m\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Vann t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ednh M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \\\"tranh ch\u1ea5p\\\" kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, Nixon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n l\u00ednh M\u1ef9 (Vann ngh\u0129, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam), m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong su\u1ed1t n\u0103m 1976 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3.","L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang M\u1ef9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y - ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00fat qu\u00e2n ch\u1eadm, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf l\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u00ednh M\u1ef9 th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m nhanh, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111e do\u1ea1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thi\u00eau tr\u1ee5i. Mort n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng minh Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i r\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 khi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t - c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean s\u1ebd r\u00fat qu\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng sau khi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i r\u00fat qu\u00e2n, Mort kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng Nixon s\u1ebd r\u00fat l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi \u0111e do\u1ea1. Nh\u01b0ng Mort kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng Nixon b\u1ecbp b\u1ee3m khi \u00f4ng ta do\u1ea1 s\u1ebd m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn trong tnl\u1eddng h\u1ee3p mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111e do\u1ea1 s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 r\u0103n \u0111e c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u1ed3 \u1ea1t v\u00e0o Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ef1c Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1ef9 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng ta coi Nixon \u0111ang d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng l\u1eddi \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam an to\u00e0n khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 c\u00f2n \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam - \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 50.000 cho t\u1edbi 200.000 qu\u00e2n - trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn b\u1ebf t\u1eafc v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 g\u00e2y r\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh M\u1ef9. Ngo\u00e0i ra Nixon c\u00f2n hy v\u1ecdng, khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ea1i Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean c\u00f9ng r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00eda M\u1ef9. Cho d\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, vi\u1ec7c M\u1ef9 r\u00fat qu\u00e2n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat qu\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra, Nixon d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh s\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean. V\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean c\u00f9ng r\u00fat qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 th\u00ec M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho kh\u00f4ng l\u1ef1c Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n. Mort cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o, Nixon d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u1eddi \u0111e do\u1ea1 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ta s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 Johnson tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia lu\u00f4n tr\u00e1nh: c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u, n\u00e9m bom v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. T\u00e1m th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho Schelling, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111e do\u1ea1: \\\"T\u1ea1i sao l\u1eddi \u0111e do\u1ea1 leo thang l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong khi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00e9m bom mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?\\\". Mort gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Nixon tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb: \\\"N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n t\u00f4i s\u1ebd hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch leo thang chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y Lyndon Johnson kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m l\u00e0m\\\". Mort n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e9m bom b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Campuchia m\u00e0 Nixon b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ed3i th\u00e1ng","hai. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn \\\"b\u00ed m\u1eadt\\\" m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trang nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1edd Th\u1eddi b\u00e1o New York \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o n\u00e0o ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa. Mort \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft y\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ee3i t\u00f4i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n William Beecher tr\u00ean t\u1edd Th\u1eddi b\u00e1o New York v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \\\"S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\\\". (\u00d4ng ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin; \u00f4ng ta tin r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ra t\u1eeb L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c). Mort n\u00f3i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u00e9m bom l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf cho mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Nixon kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Johnson. N\u1ebfu C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho M\u1ef9, Nixon c\u0169ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u1eefng to\u00e1n bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ed m\u1eadt th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o L\u00e0o (chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Dewey Canyon). Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00f4i nghe th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111ang lan r\u1ed9ng. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Nixon mu\u1ed1n hay hy v\u1ecdng. Halperin n\u00f3i \u00f4ng ta hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf uy th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00f9i b\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea3m quy m\u00f4 chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 Halperin c\u0169ng v\u1eady. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Nixon tin v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a McNamara. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Eisenhower tin trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 50; l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Nixon, McNamara v\u00e0 Wat Rostow \u0111\u00e3 tin ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ra v\u1ebb tin v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1965. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Mort gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i: \\\"Nixon kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng sai r\u1ed3i\\\". Nh\u01b0ng t\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y Mort \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a McNamara kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3-1968. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u00f4ng \u1ea5y, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00d4ng ta n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0i n\u1ec9 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i cho m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a thu n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng \u1ea5y k\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9-1969, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \\\"Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n nay s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ra tranh c\u1eed n\u0103m 1972 m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecn \u1edf H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng hay n\u00e9m bom H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i (\u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i). M\u00e3i 6 tu\u1ea7n sau khi tranh c\u1eed, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i m\u1edbi b\u1ecb n\u00e9m bom. D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng Nixon, thay v\u1ec1 m\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t, s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f9 do\u1ea1. C\u1ea3 hai ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u tin v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong v\u00f2ng 5 n\u0103m qua (v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian 24 n\u0103m qua). Halperin tin v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai, t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 Nixon trong v\u00f2ng 6 th\u00e1ng qua. Thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3, m\u1ed9t khi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t khi \u00f4ng ta th\u1ea5y uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i.","Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u00f4ng ta tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngu xu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t cam k\u1ebft n\u00e0o l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f4ng khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Halperin k\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i nghe l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ed m\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1eeb \u00f4ng ta, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu Nixon suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i, tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u. Halperin kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng An ninh qu\u1ed1c gia (\u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng s\u1eafp th\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do) v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u1ee3t n\u1ea3y ra trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i v\u00ec t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi Washington \u0111i h\u1ecdp \u1edf Haverford, Pennsylvania.","Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: [91] Ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m trong\u2026 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 Rand: Ellsberg, C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u00e1ng 6, 1969; C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u00e1ng 6, 1969; V\u0169 V\u0103n Th\u00e1i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u00e1ng 7, 1969; Nho s\u0129 v\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, th\u00e1ng 7, 1969; S\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 cho Di\u1ec7m, th\u00e1ng 7, 1969; V\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00e1ng 7, 1969; Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00e1ng 7, 1969; C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 th\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng, th\u00e1ng 8, 1969; C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u00e1ng 8, 1969; Nhu \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, th\u00e1ng 7, 1970, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n; \\\"Vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y\\\" - H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c, Gravel bi\u00ean t\u1eadp, quy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 3, trang 502; \\\"\u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e2y theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y\\\" - tr\u00edch trong Sainteny, trang 210. [92] \\\"M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p\\\" - H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c, Gravel bi\u00ean t\u1eadp, quy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 1, trang 29. [93] \\\"Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed1i th\u00fac\\\" - H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c, GPO bi\u00ean t\u1eadp, quy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 8, trang 143-49.","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\t17 Nh\u1eefng\tNg\u01b0\u1eddi\tCh\u1ed1ng\tL\u1ea1i\tChi\u1ebfn\tTranh V\u00e0o tu\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng 8-1969 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Quaker \u1edf g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Philadephia \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c 3 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (WRI). Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0 \\\"T\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\\\", kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Princeton \\\"N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 16 th\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u0103m nay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Ivy \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh n\u1eefa. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Gandi kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Janaki \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 coi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay, Janaki l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1. Sau H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u1edf Princeton, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m t\u1ed9i \u1edf Malibu v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p nhau v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y \u1edf London. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00f4 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, Rosa Parks. 15 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 John Wayne, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng t\u00f4i v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9. T\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 m\u00e0u da l\u1eabn gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u00f4i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1edbi Janaki v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Gandi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f4i. N\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Janaki khuy\u00ean t\u00f4i n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc; trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai cu\u1ed1n \\\"B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u1ee7a Luther King h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do\\\". \\\"Chinh ph\u1ee5c b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c\\\" c\u1ee7a John Bondorant, vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Gandi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n \\\"C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng\\\" c\u1ee7a Barbara Deming, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c trong chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, cu\u1ed1n \\\"V\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh d\u00e2n s\u1ef1\\\" c\u1ee7a Henry","David Thoreau. B\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 nghe r\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 ph\u00e1ch \\\"Ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1\\\". Kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5? Li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng? Theo Thoreau th\u00ec trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi \\\"to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00f4 c\u1edb d\u00e0y x\u00e9o v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng\\\" [94], khi \\\"qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111i x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\"[95]. \u00d4ng ta n\u00f3i trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p phi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn sai l\u1ea7m. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o t\u00f9 v\u00ec t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh Mehic\u00f4. \u00d4ng ta ch\u1ec9 \u1edf trong t\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam v\u00ec, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, \\\"ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf h\u1ed9 \u00f4ng ta[96]. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Gandi hay King, Thoreau ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i \u00e1c n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn phi ngh\u0129a, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 phi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c. C\u00f9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Rosa Parks, b\u1eb1ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng ta h\u1ed1i th\u00fac nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \\\"binh l\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tham gia v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn phi ngh\u0129a\\\". T\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u bang Massachusetts, qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00f4ng, \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khen ng\u1ee3i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m theo, trong s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3. H\u1ecd do d\u1ef1, h\u1ecd h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng h\u1ecd y\u00eau s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec cho ra h\u1ed3n c\u1ea3. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. May l\u1eafm th\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecf l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu r\u1ebb m\u1ea1t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 (Tolstoy tr\u00edch d\u1eabn l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ec7nh g\u1ecdi nh\u1eadp ng\u0169; Gandi truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9). Thoreau tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \\\"H\u00e3y b\u1ecf l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y m\u00e0 l\u00e0 g\u1eedi g\u1eafm c\u1ea3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u1eefa. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c khi n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu d\u1ed3n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\\\". T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00e0m 1968. M\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed tri b\u1ecf l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac, v\u0103ng v\u1eb3ng trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i: \\\"H\u00e3y b\u1ecf l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y m\u00e0 l\u00e0 g\u1eedi g\u1eafm c\u1ea3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u1eefa\\\"[97]. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi Haverford v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong su\u1ed1t 16 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e1ng nh\u1ebd ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c \u0111i, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady: chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch b\u1ea7u c\u1eed T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i; thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7; khi m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y quan li\u00eau; b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y,","ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd g\u1ee1 r\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1eed tri tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng cho n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Janaki \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi t\u00f4i tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n t\u00f4i l\u00e0m di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 l\u00ean ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi c\u00f4 \u1ea5y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y khuy\u00ean t\u00f4i n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ngay l\u1eddi m\u1eddi n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft qu\u00e1 \u00edt v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard, Rand, B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u1eafng nghe, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tranh lu\u1eadn. T\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t \u00edt khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Janaki. L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, co \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t b\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng, t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng \u0103n tr\u01b0a v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i Princeton m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p Janaki. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0103n r\u01b0a c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Bob Eaton, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u Phoenix, theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng giam v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng x\u1eed \u00e1n li\u00ean bang trong to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 B\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m Philadelphia. Anh ta s\u1ebd ng\u1ed3i t\u00f9 3 n\u0103m. Eaton l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n d\u1ecbch m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p. Anh ta h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p hay b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 t\u00f4i \u1edf Washington hay Santa Monica. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i t\u00f4i kinh ng\u1ea1c nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 t\u00f4i b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1969 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed sau khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch gay g\u1eaft cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, t\u1eeb phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn \u0111ang r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 hay r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u01b0y\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, nh\u00ecn chung r\u1ea5t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ho\u00e1, th\u00e2n C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c th\u00e2n M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00e0o l\u00e0 cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn, ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u. T\u00f4i t\u1edbi Haverford c\u0169ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u00e1o ch\u00ed vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau, c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb g\u00e1n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i danh n\u00eau tr\u00ean). Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. B\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham d\u1ef1, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chung, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i danh n\u00eau tr\u00ean. Xin l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc","m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec1u chung quan \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 s\u1edf g\u00ec cho quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n Li\u00ean X\u00f4, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i hay M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi v\u1ecb ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba, hay c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh, khi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecd \u0111i qu\u00e1 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch b\u00ean l\u1ec1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, bao g\u1ed3m Michael Randle, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 Devi Prasad, T\u1ed5ng th\u01b0 k\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9-1968, r\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Kh\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Varsava x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ti\u1ec7p Kh\u1eafc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1eaft ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Trong \u0111a ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u1ea7m t\u00f9. T\u00f4i ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 cam k\u1ebft gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n II nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri, v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3. Trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 20, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Gandhi v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Randall Kehler, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u chi nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u1ea1i San Francisco v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tham gia chi nh\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec theo nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c k\u00fd m\u1ed9t cam k\u1ebft t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \\\"ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a\\\", t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Kehler r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i tin l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Hitler v\u1eady. Kehler n\u00f3i \u00f4ng ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i b\u0103n kho\u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \\\"T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd k\u00fd cam k\u1ebft\\\". \u00d4ng ta h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111a ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a k\u00fd cam k\u1ebft. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan. M\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u","nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ef1c ra, m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u00e9m bom B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau sang L\u00e0o, Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt sang Campuchia. T\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bom l\u1edbn h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n bom m\u1ed9t n\u0103m hay l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng n\u1eeda t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 bom n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n II. Tuy nhi\u00ean bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 t\u1eadp trung tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafp k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong v\u00f2ng 18 th\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Johnson ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 3-4-1968. Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n 1968 v\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Johnson \u0111\u00e3 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7u M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 r\u00fat qu\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh hay kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \\\"t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00fat qu\u00e2n khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u \u0111\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb5ng n\u00e0y\\\". Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai. T\u00f4i v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Washington m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecdp h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef k\u00edn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Nixon kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 Nixon c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Johnson \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 trong vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Khi t\u00f4i t\u1edbi Haverford, trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i v\u0103ng v\u1eb3ng l\u1eddi ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Halperin v\u1edbi t\u00f4i \u1edf Washington: \\\"Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tham gia tranh c\u1eed n\u0103m 1972 m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecn t\u1ea1i H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng hay n\u00e9m bom t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i\\\". V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Vann r\u1eb1ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1972. T\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 cho t\u00f4i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 b\u00ed m\u1eadt. T\u00f4i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn hay ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 John Paul Vann v\u00e0 Morton Halperin. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ed m\u1eadt bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y. D\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i d\u00e0nh h\u1eb3n 4 ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 xem xem c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i th\u1ee9 ba, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Bob Eaton, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi anh ta b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng giam, hai n\u0103m sau khi anh ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi U\u1ef7 ban tuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n r\u1eb1ng anh ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ch n\u1eefa. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ngo\u00e0i chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a anh ta tr\u00ean t\u00e0u Phoenix t\u1edbi b\u1eafc v\u00e0 nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, anh ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh AQAG (m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng Quaker) v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p","t\u00e1c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3m qu\u00e2n. Th\u00e1ng 9-1968, anh ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, su\u00fdt n\u1eefa th\u00ec b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng giam t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ti\u1ec7p Kh\u1eafc. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111ang k\u1ebft th\u00fac, \u00e1n t\u00f9 s\u1eafp thi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Eaton, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Anh ta \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 t\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i chung, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00ec, nh\u01b0 anh ta n\u00f3i, \\\"C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00ednh M\u1ef9 hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb b\u1eafn g\u1ee5c trong chi\u1ebfn tranh. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m Ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u00ec t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ng\u1ed3i t\u00f9 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\". M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u1ed3i t\u00f9, ng\u00e0y 26-8-68, anh ta \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi t\u1eadn 10h30 t\u1ed1i h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec7c v\u00e0 khi\u00eau v\u0169. T\u00f4i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y anh \u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n n\u01a1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u1ec7c, tay \u0111ang c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1c bia nh\u01b0ng mi\u1ec7ng th\u00ec lu\u00f4n m\u1ed3m n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. T\u00f4i g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1edbi anh \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i t\u00f9. Anh ta tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c: \\\"Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong t\u00f9, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khi t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 do \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1eady\\\". S\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau, th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i Philadelphia l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n xung quanh To\u00e0 nh\u00e0 B\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n trong khi Eaton b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef b\u00ean trong. Xe bus v\u00e0 xe h\u01a1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i. T\u00f4i c\u1ed1 ngh\u0129 ra l\u00fd do t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng tham gia nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 nghi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 sao nh\u1ec9? M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng giam v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m. Anh ta v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap anh \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu h\u01a1n. Tham d\u1ef1 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Pastor Martin Niemoller, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9. V\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng tham gia nh\u1ec9? Th\u1ef1c ra t\u00f4i c\u00f3 l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i v\u1eeba s\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eeba c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu b\u00e1o ch\u00ed ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c FBI ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh ch\u00fang t\u00f4i? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu t\u00ean t\u00f4i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u00e0 lan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn Washington hay Santa Monica? T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i hai n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 g\u00ec: h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 t\u00f4i b\u1ecb \u0111i\u00ean. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd coi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 hy sinh ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00f4 \u00edch, hy sinh v\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3. T\u00f4i c\u00f3","th\u1ec3 nghe th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u0103ng v\u1eb3ng trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i, l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi Rand, v\u1edbi L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111ang c\u00f9ng d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u00e2y ra. Nh\u01b0ng Bob Eaton chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0o t\u00f9 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 ra l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ti\u1ec5n anh ta. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd m\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7n c\u1edb b\u1ecb \u1ed1m nh\u01b0ng h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ecdp hai ng\u00e0y n\u1eefa n\u00ean l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. Do v\u1eady v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng th\u00e1ng 8-1969, trong khi Martin Niemoller v\u00e0 Devi Prasad \u0111ang \u1edf c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Bob, thay m\u1eb7t anh ta \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi to\u00e0 th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1edf trung t\u00e2m Philadelphia, ho\u00e0 v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, \u0103n m\u1eb7c s\u1eb7c s\u1ee1, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tay gi\u01a1 bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111ang ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n. T\u00f4i \u0111i theo h\u1ecd, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i nghi ho\u1eb7c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. V\u1ec9a h\u00e8 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 B\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf Philadelphia s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c xa so v\u1edbi to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng H\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i Washington, n\u01a1i t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh th\u00e1ng hai n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng v\u0103n gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd cho T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. C\u1ea3 hai n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \\\"n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c\\\" v\u00e0 \\\"ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh\\\". Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai n\u01a1i, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n quay l\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng An ninh qu\u1ed1c gia. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn t\u1ed1i m\u1eadt cho T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n cho tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf l\u00e0m m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 \u1edf Philadelphia. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf tin c\u1ea9n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f4ng khai th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 vinh h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ai kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng theo quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 trong su\u1ed1t 10 n\u0103m qua, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt t\u00f4i r\u1ed3i. S\u00e1ng h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111ang v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt m\u1edbi. T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang kho\u1ea3 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i nh\u1edb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y u \u00e1m, tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0 r\u00e9t m\u01b0\u1edbt. T\u00f4i lu\u00f4n nh\u1ee7 th\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Philadelphia v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng t\u00e1m. Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, ch\u1eb3ng ai \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f4i c\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t n\u1eefa. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edd \u01a1 \u0111i qua, c\u0169ng ch\u0103ng th\u00e8m d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef n\u1eefa. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y t\u1edd truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t cho h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ee9t \u0111i ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Kh\u00e1ch qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ebfc nh\u00ecn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c c\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i th\u1eb3ng, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd li\u1ebfc nh\u00ecn, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m \u0111\u1ebfm x\u1ec9a \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0103n xin ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 gia c\u01b0. Khung c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Hyde Park. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9c","l\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, bi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00f2 h\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ph\u1edbt l\u1edd b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1n \u0111\u00e0i th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o th\u1ea5t s\u00e1ch h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u1edd trong qu\u1ef9 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o. \u00dd ngh\u0129 \\\"T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y? T\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec?\\\" h\u1eb1n r\u00f5 tr\u00ean tr\u00e1n t\u00f4i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh t\u00f4i \u0111ang c\u1ea7m. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt n\u1ef1c c\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00f4i qua mau. X\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ecdn h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch th\u00ec h\u1ecd m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n. T\u00f4i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00edch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Cu\u1ed1i bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng, t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c xe h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed7 ch\u1edd \u0111\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 t\u01b0. T\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t vui, m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m vui kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. \u0110\u1ebfn bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1o nhau r\u1eb1ng Eaton \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tuy\u00ean \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o x\u00e0 lim. Th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u0103m ch\u00fa l\u1eafng nghe l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Pastor Niemoller v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean \u00e1n Bob ch\u1ecbu 3 n\u0103m t\u00f9, b\u1ea3n \u00e1n m\u00e0 Bob \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 do. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ni\u1ec1m vui s\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba tr\u1ea3i qua l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng giam hay kh\u00f4ng. Nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u00f4i kh\u1ecfi n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb l\u1ea1c lo\u00e0i k\u1ebb ng\u1ed1c ngh\u1ebfch. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y t\u00f4i m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Bob Eaton v\u00e0 s\u00e1t c\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc qua m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng v\u1ea1ch ra tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m tuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, 28-8-1969, ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, t\u00f4i nghe b\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Randy Kehler trong phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, b\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb","nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e2u v\u1edbi Kether nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng l\u1eafng nghe r\u1ea5t ch\u0103m ch\u00fa, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c. Trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u thanh ni\u00ean M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u00ec anh ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m anh \u1ea5y \u1edf San Francisco. Anh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phong th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u1ed3ng h\u1eadu v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfu h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc. Anh ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i h\u01a1i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i, anh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb Cambridge t\u1edbi California. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u00ecnh ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard. Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn anh \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u1ea1i San Francisco. \\\"Khi t\u00f4i t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba tu\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Standford, t\u00f4i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda T\u00e2y. T\u00f4i tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i \u1edf c\u1eeda ra v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111i qua c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ee9 ng\u1ed3i l\u1ef3 t\u1ea1i l\u1ed1i ra v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \\\"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i k\u1ecbp nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng giam c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng cam k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 to l\u1edbn h\u01a1n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd, cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tham gia sau 20 n\u0103m c\u1eafp s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u00f4i b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng giam v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4i h\u1ecdc v\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, t\u1ea1i San Francisco\\\". Anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 hy v\u1ecdng, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang song h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang suy vong \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng lo s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c \u0111ang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i nh\u1edb r\u00f5 n\u00e9t nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung anh ta n\u00f3i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng anh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong t\u00f4i khi anh ta \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. L\u1eafng nghe anh \u1ea5y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u1eaft v\u1eady. T\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u00ec anh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. Cu\u1ed1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o r\u1eb1ng, anh \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. Th\u1ef1c ra, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung ra ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 phong th\u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 h\u01a1n Randy Kehler. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Kh\u00e1n ph\u00f2ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 to\u00e0n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb","\u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng khi th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n. Anh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, anh ta k\u00e9o t\u00f4i ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u01a1 m\u00e0ng khi b\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n anh ta n\u00f3i: \\\"Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, anh Bob \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng giam\\\". Anh ta ng\u1eebng trong gi\u00e2y l\u00e1t, nu\u1ed1t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt ngh\u1eb9n \u0111\u1eafng \u1edf c\u1ed5. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft tr\u00ean kh\u00f3e m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a anh. Anh ta m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: \\\"\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ec5 c\u01b0\u1edbi khi Jane v\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u1ea5y nhau c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n San Francisco, v\u00ec t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t hay kh\u00f3c\\\". M\u1ed9t l\u00e1t sau anh ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u1ee9ng c\u1ecfi: \\\"Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, David Harris c\u0169ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng giam. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 Wanen, John, Teny v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa c\u0169ng \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i t\u00f9, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ri\u00eang v\u00e0 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i c\u0169ng s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi v\u00e0o t\u00f9 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd\\\". Anh ta l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. V\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ed7 tay, r\u1ed3i c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1n ph\u00f2ng c\u00f9ng v\u1ed7 tay v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng anh \u1ea5y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00f3i, ti\u1ebfng v\u1ed7 tay ng\u1edbt \u0111i v\u00e0 m\u1ecd\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady. \\\"Ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf San Francisco v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed3i t\u00f9 r\u1ed3i. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u n\u1eefa khi t\u00f4i v\u00e0o t\u00f9 th\u00ec v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng sao. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 Bob v\u00e0 David c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i th\u00edch ng\u1ed3i t\u00f9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc hay s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh\\\". T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong kh\u00e1n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady. H\u1ecd v\u1ed7 tay v\u00e0 h\u00f2 reo r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i ng\u00e3 ph\u1ecbch xu\u1ed1ng gh\u1ebf, th\u1edf g\u1ea5p, ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eafc l\u01b0. T\u00f4i kh\u00f3c, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c xung quanh t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng \u0111ang kh\u00f3c, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f3c th\u1ea7m, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t nh\u0103n nh\u00f3 gi\u00e0n gi\u1ee5a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, hai b\u1edd vai run l\u00ean. Janaki l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfp theo nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady, - t\u00f4i \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i \u1edf d\u00e3y gh\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong kh\u00e1n ph\u00f2ng - \u0111i ra ph\u00eda h\u00e0nh lang sau v\u00e0 t\u00ecm nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh. T\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1eadt \u0111\u00e8n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 hai b\u1ed3n r\u1eeda tay. T\u00f4i l\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1ef1a l\u01b0ng v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1ng cho\u1ea1ng ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 hoa. T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f3c n\u1ea5c l\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf n\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u1eefa. Ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4l gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00fac kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng r\u00ean r\u1ec9. T\u00f4i th\u1ed5n th\u1ee9c. T\u00f4i th\u1edf g\u1ea5p. T\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u00f4i th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u00f4i hai tay \u00f4m \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd kh\u00f3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y tr\u1eeb phi t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft Bobby Kennedy ch\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee9 v\u0103ng v\u1eb3ng trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i: ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u1eafng nghe nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Randy n\u00f3i. T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a","chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Khi anh ta n\u00f3i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf trong t\u00f9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng anh \u1ea5y s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadp h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi h\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u00fac t\u00f4i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem anh \u1ea5y \u0111ang n\u00f3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc r\u00ecu gi\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i v\u00e0 tim t\u00f4i n\u1ee9t to\u00e1c ra. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 chia t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n. \\\"Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb\\\", t\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 khu v\u1ec7 sinh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai b\u1edd gi\u1edbi tuy\u1ebfn ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \\\"ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m\\\" con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean \u01b0u t\u00fa nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u0111i ng\u1ed3i t\u00f9. Con trai t\u00f4i, Robert, m\u1edbi 13 tu\u1ed5i. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n khi n\u00f3 tr\u00f2n 18 tu\u1ed5i (tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady). Con trai t\u00f4i sinh ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00f9. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee9 v\u0103ng v\u1eb3ng trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i, \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Leonard Cohen: \\\"\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n xa l\u00e0 bao\\\". Sau \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng, t\u00f4i n\u00edn kh\u00f3c. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1edd \u0111\u1eabn nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o hai b\u1ed3n r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t t\u00f4i, suy ngh\u0129, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3c, m\u1ec7t l\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1edf d\u1ed1c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t cho khoan kho\u00e1i. Tay t\u00f4i n\u1eafm ch\u1eb7t b\u1ed3n r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o g\u01b0\u01a1ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i ng\u1ed3i b\u1ec7t xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c suy ngh\u0129. T\u00f4i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3c \u00edt th\u00f4i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3c to. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i nghe Randy n\u00f3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ea5y l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec, t\u00f4i n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00f4 t\u00f9 v\u00ec n\u00f3? Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o t\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3. T\u1eeb chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i g\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 khi t\u00f4i l\u00e1i xe ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u00ean sa tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi t\u00f4i tin v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 t\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i? R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 Randy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang. Trong s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m tr\u00e1i tim, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng anh \u1ea5y l\u00e0m. T\u00ednh cho \u0111\u1ebfn bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i nay, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng anh \u1ea5y.","Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: [94] \\\"To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00f4 c\u1edb d\u00e0y x\u00e9o v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng\\\" - Thoreau, trang 229. Xem th\u00eam Schlesinger, Nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, trang 42-43. [95] \\\"\u2026 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111i x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\" - s\u0111d. [96] \\\"\u2026 ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 can thi\u1ec7p\\\" - s\u0111d, trang 240. [97] \\\"H\u00e3y b\u1ecf l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\\\" - s\u0111d, trang 235.","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\t18 Th\u00e1o\tG\u1ee1\tB\u1ebf\tT\u1eafc T\u00f4i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb Haverford qua Washington. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i l\u1ea5y th\u00eam t\u00e1m t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u McNamara t\u1eeb v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Rand \u0111\u1ec3 mang v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u1edf Santa Monica. T\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1945-1960 v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, tuy\u1ec7t m\u1eadt n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u1eed gia Ph\u00e1p. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc sau n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean[98]. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u00e1ng ch\u00edn n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5 sung cho nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng t\u1edbi. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n \\\"sa l\u1ea7y\\\" \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t b\u1edfi t\u00ednh l\u1ea1c quan h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn cho Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5-1950 (sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m cho ph\u00e9p vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho chi\u1ebfn tranh), Harry Truman, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \\\"th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u\\\" do \\\"kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng\\\". T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Eisenhower sau n\u0103m 1954 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t nh\u1eb1m b\u1eaft b\u1edb, l\u00e0m c\u00e2m h\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n hay phi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, nh\u1eefng ai k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Geneva \u0111\u00f2i t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u0169 trang s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u1eafng trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f2n tr\u1ecba. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u0103m n\u00e0y qua n\u0103m kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a g\u00ec h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p. L\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f2n tr\u1ecba n\u1eefa. Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u00f3","th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi Truman tr\u1edf \u0111i. V\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ebf t\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu may l\u1eafm th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u00f4i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1966; nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1946, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean ai trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \\\"kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng l\u00e0m theo \u00fd m\u00ecnh\\\", l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m hay v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ch\u1edd mong, th\u00e1ng 3-1969, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, Nixon ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u An ninh qu\u1ed1c gia 1 (NSSM l) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng ta quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c \u0111i so v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 Halperin \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng t\u00e1m. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1946, vi\u1ec7c \\\"n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ri\u00eang v\u00e0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng - nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p coi l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho qu\u1ed1c gia - ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1946 tr\u1edf \u0111i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh - ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 khi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng chia s\u1ebb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y th\u00ec T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi h\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c leo thang chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \\\"th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i\\\". B\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00f3 - d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ri\u00eang c\u00f3 kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u0111i n\u1eefa - n\u00f3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng. Ti\u1ebfp thu v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho Rand m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n \u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi t\u00f4i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi ng\u1edd khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc hai t\u1eadp ti\u1ebfp theo trong v\u00f2ng hai n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3: T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00e2y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch hay \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m khi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf th\u1ea5t b\u0111i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng","c\u00e1ch gian l\u1eadn hay d\u00f9ng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef n\u00f3. C\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, t\u1eeb Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn. C\u01a1 may duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ebft Nixon th\u00edch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. R\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 h\u00e0o nho\u00e1ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hy v\u1ecdng Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng s\u1ebd tr\u01b0ng ra nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng leo thang chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 r\u00fat to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i thi\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Halperin v\u00e0 Vann bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea3y ra \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ed1i th\u00fac h\u1ecd c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng khai nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ra (c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i), h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n d\u0129 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin tuy\u1ec7t m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ec l\u00fd do t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin tuy\u1ec7t m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 cao v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n (v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra) th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 \\\"c\u1ef1c \u0111oan\\\", gieo r\u1eafc hoang mang lo s\u1ee3, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin n\u1ed5i: r\u1eb1ng Nixon \u0111ang theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1968. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u01b0a ai trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c c\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed1t th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh l\u1edbn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin tuy\u1ec7t m\u1eadt, cho d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay. Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u0129 m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n g\u00f3p Camegie \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1i Bermuda hai n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n th\u1ee9 hai s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p trong C\u00f4ng ty Rand c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m nay h\u1ed1i th\u00fac vi\u1ec7c M\u1ef9 r\u00fat qu\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng khai v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \\\"chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cao\\\" c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eddi nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tham gia c\u00f9ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1eddi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi r\u00fat qu\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng khai, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Nixon cam k\u1ebft b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta th\u00edch, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u1ea5n an v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat qu\u00e2n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng ch\u00edn sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc xong v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian 23 n\u0103m trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u McNamara, t\u00f4i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea5n an c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c \\\"\u0111\u00e3 thua cu\u1ed9c trong chi\u1ebfn","tranh\\\". C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong phe \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh sa l\u1ea7y t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu b\u00faa r\u00ecu d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 x\u1eed b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u00f4ng ta v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chia s\u1ebb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. L\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ec5. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ngay, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u00e0m. G\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00ean \u00e1n, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Rand. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o hai \u0111\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0. Sau khi t\u00f4i \u0111i Haverford v\u1ec1, c\u1ea3 hai m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3m \u0111i. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t trong hai \u0111\u1ea3ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdc H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t theo c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. X\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o (tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1967 khi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Johnson trao huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cho Frank Scotton, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00ec anh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi C\u01a1 quan th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 (USAI). Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i u\u00fd h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n, t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai m\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng mu\u1ed1n. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn, ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u, quan ch\u1ee9c trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t trong t\u00f4i, sau khi t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 n\u0103m \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u00f4ng ta theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 do m\u1edbi. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee3i Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng hay m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng g\u1ecdi n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00f4 t\u01b0 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i m\u1edbi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh","th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p. N\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111i t\u00f9, l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u0103n \u0111e khi\u1ebfn cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa m\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p. Ri\u00eang t\u00f4i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n lo s\u1ee3 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa. T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed nguy hi\u1ec3m khi bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec7n. Gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng ch\u00edn, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, anh Konrad Kellen, r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Rand, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hai n\u0103m li\u1ec1n h\u1ed1i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ee1 r\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u00f4i g\u1ee3i \u00fd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c xem ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Chi\u1ec1u h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, anh ta \u0111i h\u1ecdp c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 4 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eefa: Mel Gurtov, Paul Langer, Amold Horelick, v\u00e0 Oleg Hoeffding. Gurtov l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, Langer v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Horelick v\u00e0 Hoeffding v\u1ec1 Nga. T\u00f4i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Halperin v\u00e0 Vann v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nixon. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean c\u00f9ng r\u00fat qu\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng ta d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1edf l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00e9m bom v\u00e0 giao chi\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang ta ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, t\u00f4i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00fat qu\u00e2n V\u00ec Nixon kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u00f4ng ta th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean c\u0169ng r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u00f4ng ta n\u00ean c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ec7c binh l\u00ednh M\u1ef9 th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng khai s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7-1969 c\u1ee7a Clark Clifford trong T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ngo\u1ea1i giao (b\u00e2y gi\u1edd anh ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c) \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat h\u1ebft b\u1ed9 binh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 ra kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1970, v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00fat to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng, so v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 \u0111i xa h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 ra, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a l\u00ednh b\u1ed9 binh M\u1ef9 - v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n - v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Clifford \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang khi anh ta \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng M\u1ef9 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eebng tham chi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n hay nh\u1eefng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a S\u00e0i G\u00f2n hay H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra trong v\u00f2ng 2 n\u0103m qua \u0111i xa h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng","\u00fd v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Martin Luther King ch\u1ebft, c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 duy nh\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \\\"H\u00e3y r\u00fat qu\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\" l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 Abbie Hoffman, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ph\u1edbt l\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng ai th\u00e8m \u0111\u1ebfm x\u1ec9a \u0111\u1ebfn. Th\u1ef1c ra, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00fat h\u1ebft qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m do\u1ea1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng. Minh ch\u1ee9ng duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1edd truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n ki\u00eam s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Howard Zinn, c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \\\"Vi\u1ec7t Nam, logic c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat qu\u00e2n\\\". Nh\u01b0ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9ng c\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Zinn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Noam Chomsky t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn[99] \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Lyndon Johnson, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., Richard Goodwin, v\u00e0 John Kenneth Gallbraith, trong n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng khi Johnson l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 can d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u00e9m bom v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ea bai g\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \\\"c\u1ef1c \u0111oan h\u01a1n\\\". H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e0nh ng\u1eadm b\u1ed3 h\u00f2n l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia nh\u01b0 Eugene McCarthy, George McGovern, Frank Church v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 Bobby Kennedy tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00f4ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng ai trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1969; v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nghe th\u1ea5y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn g\u00ec c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u1ea3. Khi h\u1ecd k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham gia \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Bobby Kennedy v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1966. \u00d4ng ta cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng gay g\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e0nh nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f2n d\u00e1m c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1967, Bobby \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed1i th\u00fac m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ri\u00eang v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Johnson v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 Robert McNamara c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i sau khi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t. Trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu t\u00e2n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m - v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Kennedy v\u00e0 McNamara \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ri\u00eang, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat qu\u00e2n - \u00f4ng ta s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng khai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch gay g\u1eaft chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u00f4ng ta c\u00f2n b\u1ecb h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn qu\u00e1 gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. \u0110\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn trong ch\u00ednh","s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m. V\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Rand khi \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng khai gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn hay hippie, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00fat nhanh qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 ra kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Zinn v\u00e0 Chomsky c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb coi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \\\"c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn\\\" m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ed m\u1eadt g\u1eedi t\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng hay c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta. Nh\u1eefng \\\"nh\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1\\\" c\u1ee7a Rand khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb coi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang ta hy v\u1ecdng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 tin v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng khai \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 n\u00f3. Khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i trong nh\u1eefng xem x\u00e9t \u1edf c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cao, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat qu\u00e2n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn hay quan \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ebfu Nixon kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec nh\u1eefng tranh lu\u1eadn hay ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat qu\u00e2n ra kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam nhanh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng ta \u0111ang b\u00ed m\u1eadt l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Clark Clifford \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng b\u1ea3y (r\u00fat ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1970). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sa l\u1ea7y v\u00e0 trong m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Nixon v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t vui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Nixon c\u00f4ng khai b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh l\u1edbn ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 15-10. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong tu\u1ea7n, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng. Thay cho vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 mang t\u00ednh khi\u00eau kh\u00edch, chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea1m ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\\\".","N\u1ebfu g\u00e2y ra \u00e1p l\u1ef1c m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, Nixon s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong \\\"giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea1m ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\\\" n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n n\u1eefa th\u00f4i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Nixon t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u1ea3 trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 l\u1eabn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. \\\"Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0\\\" - m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 trong nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ngo\u00e0i khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Rand m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i xin ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng m\u1ef1c \u0111en ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i xin ph\u00e9p. Theo nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t b\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t, ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi t\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed (l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng trong quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty) m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xin ph\u00e9p. T\u00f4i nghi ng\u1edd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hay kh\u00f4ng. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o. ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn. M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. \\\"Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft g\u00ec c\u1ea3\\\" - nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n xin ph\u00e9p v\u1ec1 an ninh th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin tuy\u1ec7t m\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1edbi ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt m\u1ec9a mai, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta r\u00fat ra c\u00e1c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb che gi\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9. \u0110i\u1ec1u b\u00ed m\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ngu xu\u1ea9n khi ch\u00fang ta sa l\u1ea7y tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, t\u00e0i ba v\u00e0 uy\u00ean th\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e1n, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eadt b\u00e1o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Abbie Hoffman v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t r\u1eb1ng M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 dung th\u00e2n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ee9c th\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn; b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng ai ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. B\u1ee9c th\u01b0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o","\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, \\\"c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\\\". Gurtov v\u00e0 Kellen xung phong vi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c th\u01b0. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1eb9n g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng xem l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng Carnegie v\u00ec ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Johnson hai n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u0169ng v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sa l\u1ea7y \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Rand (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb). T\u00f4i g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n cho Joe Johnson, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng Camegie v\u00ec ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u00d4ng ta n\u00f3i gi\u1ecdng r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c quan v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho Charles Bolt\u00e9, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5p cao, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn l\u00ean T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec7m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00ec t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. T\u00f4i ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o r\u00fat qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ra kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\" v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Cu\u1ed1i th\u01b0 t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: \\\"\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta. c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u, v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 phi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\". C\u00e2u ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \\\"phi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c\\\", kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng cho l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd ch\u00fa \u00fd. Sau n\u00e0y Bolt\u00e9 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng Joe Johnson \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 v\u00e0 mang tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i Bolt\u00e9, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u1eeb \\\"phi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c\\\". Anh ta n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Bolt\u00e9: \\\"Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1eddi Ellsberg h\u1ecdp c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. Anh ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan r\u1ed3i\\\". T\u00f4i g\u1eedi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n sao b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 t\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Carnegie c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 g\u1eedi t\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p cao trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Johnson v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn chung gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a U\u1ef7 ban \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Carnegie, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y \\\"\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1eefu \u00edch\\\" m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian th\u00ec s\u1eafp h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00f4m n\u00e0o v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c"]
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