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Home Explore Paper-1, Booklet-2, Society And Culture

Paper-1, Booklet-2, Society And Culture

Published by aspireiasmainskunji, 2019-08-22 08:51:12

Description: Paper-1, Booklet-2, Society And Culture 105 Pages

Keywords: indian society,social issues,paper 1 gs,upsc gs 1,indian culture,culture upsc,architecture upsc,paintings,martial arts,indian music,indian heritage and culture,indus valley civilization,buddhist architecture,gandhar school of art,stupa

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MARTIAL ARTS Martial arts mean “arts concerned with the waging of war”. Various Indian Martial arts have originated from various ancient war skills. It gives & takes features from Indian yoga, dance & performing arts. Many Indian dances have inspired & taken routines from the present martial arts. Dance artist who also knew martial arts & incorporated them in their routines were considered “special”. They have their origin in the ancient India. But many of these martial arts were prohibited by British in the wake of various protests that started from 1820‟s. But many of these continued & some of them were reviewed again from 1910 & got prominence after Independence. It is said that one Buddhist monk Bodhidharma took the knowledge of Indian Martial art to China & spread there. MARTIAL ART CHARACTERISTICS Kalarippayattu  Weapon based type (Kerala specially) & rest of  “Kalari” means arena. “Payattu” means combat/fighting. south  Involves strikes, kicks, grappling, preset forms, weaponry and healing methods, the footwork movement  Kerala‟s “Kathakali” incorporates greatly of this in their routines  Considered older than Chinese martial arts  Associated Legend: This art form was taught to early masters of this by Parashurama (an incarnation of Lord Vishnu) to protect the land he created. Malla-Yuddha (South  Combat-Wrestling type. Unarmed type. India)  Four types: 1. Hanumanti – for technical superiority 2. Jambuvanti – focuses on locking and holding till opponent gives up 3. Jarasandhi – breaking limbs and joints 4. Bhimaseni – focuses on sheer strength 101

Silambam (Tamil Nadu)  Weapon based type  Variety of weapons used. Gatka (Punjab)  Majorly used “Silambam staff” as a weapon. (staff – a traditional Thang Ta (Manipur) pole weapon. It has many variants from just a stick to having Mardani Khel knife at one end) (Kolhapur, Maharashtra)  Foot movements plays a key role  Movements of animals like snake, tiger, elephant and eagle used  “Kuttu varisai” – a variant of silambam & uses no weapon  Associated Legend: this martial art was developed by Lord Muruga (son of Lord Shiva, other name – Kartekeya) & sage Agasthya  Travelled from Tamil Nadu to Malaysia  Weapon based  Used by Sikhs mainly  Gatka means – “One whose freedom belongs to race”  Stick, Sword, kirpan or kataar used as weapon  Weapon Based  “Thang” means sword. “Ta” means spear.  Anything from sword or spear can be used.  Other weapons used are shield and axe.  Used in three different ways 1. As absolutely ritual in nature 2. As spectacular performance 3. As actual Fighting technique  Weapon Based  Created by Marathas  Suitable for hilly regions 102

 Uses sword mainly & needs rapid movements Pari-Khanda  Weapon Based (Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha)  Created by Rajputs  “Pari” means shield & “Khanda” means sword (according to Chhau rulers)  Gave birth to Chhau dance Inbuan Wrestling  Unarmed Type (Mizoram)  Has strict rules prohibiting kicking, stepping out of the circle and bending of the knees.  Aim is to lift the opponent off his feet while strictly adhering to the rules  Catching hold of the belt worn by the wrestlers around the waist; it has to remain tight all through the game. Kuttu Varisai (South India)  Unarmed Type  “Kuttu Varisai” means empty hand combat  used to improve footwork and athleticism through gymnastics, stretching, yoga and breathing exercises  use of animal-based sets which includes tiger, snake, elephant, eagle and monkey Thoda (Himachal Pradesh)  Weapon Based  Originated from the times of Mahabharata  Generally based on archery skills  “Thoda” is the round piece of wood fixed to the head of the arrow Mukna (Manipur)  Unarmed  Wrestling Type  Two men with their hands holding clothe bands on each other 103

Karra Samu and Kathi waists wrestle with one another and attempts to throw the Samu (Andhra Pradesh) other down, and the victor should always be on top of the one falling down  Both are armed type but former is stick fighting, while the latter is sword fighting. 104

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