Гизатов, Б. - Казахский государственный оркестр народных инструментов имени Курмангазы

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HenoBTopHMOH KpacOTOfl h cBoeo6pa3HeM My3biKaJibHoro coAep- jKaHHa. O CoraTCTBe h KpacoTe Ka3axcKHx HapoAHHX neceH h wo- eB BOCTOp>KeHHO 0T3bIBaJIHCb H BeJIHKHft pyccKHft BHCaTeJlb A. M. ropbKHfl, H BbJAaiOmUHCfl COBeTCKHH My3blKOBCfl B. B. Aca(f)i>eB, H 3HaMeHHTblfl (J)paHUy3CKHH BHCaTejIb, TOHKHS 3H3TOK My3bIKH POMGH PojUiaH. Tan, B. B. Aca<}>beB b nncbMe k A. B. 3aTaeBH'iy ot 21 hkuih 1925 rofla otmctha cBe>KecTb, MOTHBiiyio JiorHKy, 3anoHOMepHo- opraHHqecKyio crpyKTypy h Meaoca h opHaMeHTa, pHTMHqecicyio MHoroo6pa3HOCTb h HHTOHauHOHtioe SoraTCTBO KaaaxcKHx neceH H KtOeB1. A. M. Topbiofft, npocMOTpeB c6ophhk A. B. 3aTaeBHqa «1000 Ka3axcKHx neceH h KioeB*, nHcaa, bto «...ohh noaoHcenu Ha hotn, opHrHHajibHeftuiHe hx Me-tOAHH — CoraThifi MarepHaJi jsjin Mouap- tob, BeTxoBeHoB, IlIoneHOB, MycoprcKHx h rpnroB 6yaywero»2. H fleflcTBHTeJibiio, necHH Ka3axcKoft cTenn hjhiuih TaJiaHWiH- Boe npeTBopcHHe b chm^ ohh'icckhx h onepHwx npoH3BeaeHHax M. M. Hnno.'rHTOBa-HBaHOBa, C. H. BacHJienKO, M. O. IUreftiiCep- ra, H. 91. MacKOBckoro, E. I\\ EpycHJioBCKoro, M. Tyjie6aeBa, C. H. LIIaSeJibCKOro, Jl. XaMHAH, A. JKy6aHOBa, B. B. BejiHKaHO- Ba, K. MycHHa h apyrnx coBercKHx KOMno3HTopoB. rieCHH H KlOH, pa3BHTble AO CHM(J)OHHHeCKOrO 3ByqaHHH, OTpa- JKaiomae AyxoBHoe SoraTCTBo Ka3axcKoro HapoAa, hbjihiotch oc- lioBoft penepTyapa opnecTpa hmchh KypMaHrabu. BjiaroAapa sto- My ero 3aMC'iaTejTbHoe HCKycCTBO oTjnmae-rcsi rayCoxo napoAHhiM, HaUHOHajIbHO-CaMOGbITHbIM, >KH3HeHHO-npaBAHBhlM H OnTHMHCTH- qecKHM xapaKTepoM, cBoficTBeHHbiM HcsyccTBy couHaJiHCTHiecKoro peaAH3Ma. Bot noieMy Ka3axcKHft rocyAapcTBeimuft opKecrp Ha- poAHbix HHCTpyMeHTOB HMeHH KypManra3bi nojib3yercn TaKofl jiio- oobbio h nony.iapHOCTbK). O h c necTbio hocht hmh BHAaiomerocH Ka3axcKoro napoAHoro KOMno3HTopa KypMaHra3bi, npon3BeACHna \\ KOTOpOrO BOUUIH B 3OJIOTO0 (flOHA Ka3axCKOfl HaUHOHajlbHOM Kyjlb- Typbi. KypMaHra3hi CarwpSaeB (1806— 1879) 6hji rcHHaJibHbiM Ha- POAHHM My3HKaHTOM_-- AOM6pHCTOM H K0Mn03HT0p0M. IlpofiAH THJKejIUfl >KH31ieHHbIH nyTb Ka3axa-6eAHBKa, OH He CMHpHACH CO cbohm OecnpaBHMM noAO>KeHHe.M. KypManra3bi craji Bbipa3HT&neM cbo6oao.ho6hbux «qaairaft H OJKHAaHHft HapOAHHX», BOnAOWaa B CBOHX npOrpaMMHbIX KIOHX AeMOKparaqecKHe hack Ka3axcKoit HauHonaJibnoft KyAbrypu. C OOAbUlOH XyAWKeCTBeHHOft CHJIOft OH pHCOBHA KapTHHbl KpeCTbHH- CKoro BoccraHHH b repoHaecKOM Kioe «KHUiKeHTafi», o6pa3bi Ha- pOAHOro CeACTBHH, Bb]3BaHHOrO HaBOAHeHHeM — b Kioe « K o6hk luauiKaH* («BymyioiuHft BaA»); iiapoAHoe npa3AHecTBo — b a Kaaa

«BaJi(5payRe»; GecKpaftnue crenHWe npoeropw— s «Capbi-apKa» (dllnpoxasi cTenb»); MyweCTBeHHyw ycTpeMJieHHOCTb Bnepefl — b Kioe «Cepnep» («riophiB»). KypMaHra3bi 6uji Mpe3BbwafiHO lynoiM h ot3ijbihbeiJM Ha MaccoBbie, aoxoaibbuc neceHHbie iiapoAnue HHTOnauHH. B ero npoH3BeaeHHax 3ByiaT aBToCHorpatJwaecKHe mothbu, nanpHMep, b kwhx: «Kncen axuKaH* («C hhthg KaHaaJiOB*), «TwpMeAeH Kaui- KaH» («rio6er H3 TiopbMM*). Ho b sthx nbecax cHJia xynowecT- BeHHoro o6o6iu.eHHH h npKoerb peawHCTHHecKofi Bbipa3HTejibHocra OKa3blBaiOTCH HaCTOJlbKO 3HaHHT&HbHbIMH, MTO COAepwaHHe T3KHX . KioeB CTaHOBHTCH 6onee rjiyfioKHM, HeM nopoAHBume sth kioh CpaKTH AHHHofi 2KH3HH KypMaHra3bI. CoBpeMeHHHK KypMaHra3bi CarupSaeBa, ypajibcKHfi xypHa- jihct h nosT H. <t>. CaBH'ieB, paccKa3biBaa o CBoeS BCTpeae ckom- no3HTopoM, nHcaji b ra3ere «ypaJibCKHe BoftcKOBbie BejioMocTH*1: <3 ewe Ha nepBwx nopax 6uji yAHBJieu, a nocjie nopawen ero ar- pofi. 3 hhk3k He owHAaw, HTofibi H3 TaKoro CeAHefimero, nepBO- 6uTHoro HHCTpyMeHTa o AByx CTpyHax Morjio buSth iT0-HH6yAb noxoacee Ha My3HKy, ho raKOBa caiia MewoBeiecKoS chocoSho- cth,— H3 AOMfipu BbixoAHwa HHCTeftuiasi My3biKa... Ee mojkho no- CTaBHTb HapsAy c npoH3ae;(eiiH!rMH o6pa3HOBoii My3biKH, noTOMy hto Hrpa CartjpSaeBa npoHcxoAHr H3 Toro ace HCTOiHHKa— Aapa H BAOXHOBCHHH. 3 HaaBa.l 6bl Hrpy BOAbHOIf neCHblO acaBOpOHKa ana conoBba, ho-bto cpaBHeHHe* cahhikom yam... O iobom — CarbipfiaeB pe/(Kan My3UKayibiiaH nyuia, h noayHH oh eBponeiicKoe oCpa30Banne, to 6bin 6u b My3biKawbHOM MHpe 3BC3A0H nepBOfl BejIHHHHbl...*2 KypMaHra3bi KaK aenmaHiuali HapoAHbift KOMno3HTOp-KwflHiH B3BOJIHOB3JI [lOSTa H. <I>. CaBHHeBa npaBAHBOCTbK) H' rwySHHOfi HHTepnpeTaUHH, 3aKOHieHHOCTbW H 3MOUHOHaAbHOCTbW HCnOJTHH- eMoro kwh. Oh noKopan Bnpryo3HbiM pa3MaxoM Hrpn, oco6oit umpoTofl AbixaHHH. Kwh KypMaHra3H, oT.iH'iawuiHccH Bbipa3H- TeAbHOiS MeAOAHKOfl, nOAHble 3aAyUieBHOT0 JIHpH3Ma, nOAAHHHOft repOHKH, 3JieMeHT3MH npOTpaMMHOCTH HH306pa3HTCJIbH0CTH, nOAb- 3ywrCH orpoMHoft nonyaapHOCTbw b caMoii uinpoxoft napoAHofi cpeAe. B n yvw a x cbohx kwhx KypMaHra3H CKa3aa HOBoe cjiobo h AaJi aaKOHweHHwe o6pa3uu Ka3axcK0ii AOM6poBoft My3HKH. Ohh ot- AHiaWTCH AaAOBbIMH H pHTMHMecKHMH 0C06eHHOCTHMH, npHCyiAH- MH K333XCKOfi fiapOAHOfi My3b!Ke. HacweAya npexpacHoe HcicyccTBo Kyp.waHra'3bi iepe3 ero yie- hhkob h nocjieAOBaTewei}, a TaKace npojojiacan TpaAHiiHH j\\ay- jieTKepea, Ta-rrHMdera, JXmuj h Apyrax, focyAapcrBeiifiufl opuecrp 1«ypaJibCKHe BoficKOBbie bmomocth., 1868. 3* 44. 2 «My3UKajibHan KyjiLTypS Ka3axcTaaa». 1955. cTp. 63.

HapoAHbix HHCTpyMeHTOB HMeHH KypMaHra3bi ycneniHO pa3BHBaeT My3biKa.ibiibie TpaaHUHH HapoAHbix KoMno3HTopoB npomjioro b cjio>Kjibix (fiopMax npcxpeccHOHajibiioro HCKyccTBa couHaaHCTH'ie- B HacToameft paOoTe aBTop ocBemaeT TBop'iecKHft nyTb op- KecTpa HM6HH KypMaHra3M He tojibko Ha ocwoBe H3yneHHH co- SpaHHbix hm HCTopHKo-aoKyMeHTaabHhix MaTepnaJioB, oTpawaio- iuhx pa3BHTHe opKecrpa 3a ABaAUaTb leTUpe rasa ero KOHU.epTHO- HCnoailHTeJIbCKoft ACHTejlbHOCTH, HO H JIHMHblX HaC-HIOAClIHH Ha npoTHweiiHH pflAa act. A btop BbipawaeT HCKpeHHioio dnaroAapHOCTb K. JKaHTJieyoBy, III. Ka*rajineBy, Jl. A. Xbmhah, B. I\\ Ep3aKOBiwy 3a ueHHbie C0Be- tw h KpHTHiecKHe 3aMe>iaHHH npn noAroTOBKe onepKa, 3HaiHTejibH0 AonojiHeHHoro h pacuiHpeHiioro. no cpaBHeiiHio c nepBHM H3Aa- hh6m, BbimeAniHM b 1955 roAy. CwHTaio TaRKe AOAroM Bbipa3HTb fijiaroAapHOCTb tt. A. Kan- JiaMCeKOBy h M. KofimnOaeBy 3 a .xio6e3Hoe npeAOcraBJieHHe MHe MaTcpnajioB noe3AKH Ka3axcKoro opKecTpa no KHraiicKofi HapoA- Hoii PecnySjiHKe b 1957 roAy.

HAHAJIO TBOPHECKOfO nytH 1930— 1941 roau 6buiu aab nauiefi CTpanu nepno,aoM pemaio- mux ycnexoB counaJiH3Ma bo Bcex orpacjiax HapoAHoro xo3afi- ctbb h KyjibTypw. Toah AOBoeHHUx naiHJieTOK bouijih b hcto- pmo Hauieft Poahhu KaK roAH (xwibinoro TBopqecKoro nojKbetta coBeTCKoro HapoAa KaK b oCjiacTH skoiiomhkh, rax h b o&iacm KyabTypu. 3a 9th roAH b named CTpaHe co3AaHbi nepBOKJiaccHaa Tswce- Jtasi HHAycTpaa h .KO-iaeKTHBHoe MexaHH3HpoBanHoe c&nbCKoe xo- 3aftcTBO. ycnexH AHTepaTypu h HCKyccTBa, orpaacaa oSmue 3a- BoesaHHa coBeTCKoro napoAa b CTpoKTenbCTBe couhaAHCTHaecKoro oQmeCTBa, B03BCCTHAH TOpXteCTBO HOBbJX3CTCTHH6CKHX TIpHHUHnOB coBeTCKoro HCKyccTBa, Aa-ibneftuiee yicpenjieHHe h pa3BHTHe coah- ajiHCTHiec^oro peaAH3Ma. KyJlbTypHOe CTpOHTeJIbCTBO B Ka3axCT3He B TOAbl AOBOeHHHX narajicTOK AOCTHrjio 6ojibiuoro ycnexa. B pecnyfijiHKe GbL-io ot- KpbiTo MiiowecTBo naiaAbHux h cpeAHHx uiKOJ], neAarornqecKHe HHCTHTjrru, yiiHBepcHTeT, thchhh 6h6jihotck, icrryCoB a H3(5-qn- TsuieH, KHHoreaTpbi h t. A. 9 th TOAM— BpeMfl HHTeHCHBHOrO pa3BHTHS Ka3aXCK0TO HCKyc­ cTBa. Bujih OTKpuTbi rocyAapcTBeHHhifi TeaTp onephi h Gajieia hm. Mast, o&nacTHbie ApaMaTH'iecKHe TeaTpai, rocyAapcTBeHHaa (pH-napMOHHa hm. ZlwaMGy.qa, MysbiKaAbHbie h xopeorpacpmiecKHe ywuiHiua, a taKwe actckhc MyabncajibHue iHKo.ibi b AjiMa-Aie h YpaAbCKe. B pecny&iHKe C03Aai0TCH My3biKaAbHbie h xoposue KOJIAeKTHBhl, pa3AHHHble aHCaMGjIH neCHH H T3HUGB, GbICTpO Ha- 'iHHaer pa3BHBarbca xyAOXtecrBCHHaa caMOAeaTejibHocTb b ropo- B 1933 roAy Gtj.i co3Aan nepBbift b hctophh Ka3axcKoro Ha- poAa HefioAbuioS aomOpobuh aHcaMfijib H3 11 cryAeHTOB Miua- A thhckoto My3biKanbHO-ApaMaTHaecKoro TexHHKyMa. II

B ero cocTaB bxoahah TOJibKo oahh AOMSpfai-ajibTbi. 3 tot Ma- jieHbKHft aHcaMfijib hciiojihhji HapoflHbie necHH h kkjh b yHHCOH, 6e3 bothoh 3anHCH, rap.MoHH3auHH h cneunaJibHofi HHcrpyMeH- TOBKH. HecMOTpa Ha cboio npocroTy h aaw e npHMHTHBHOCTb, stot HeCojibiuofi AOMtfpoBwft aHcamCjib hbhjich aapoflbimeM Ka3axcKoro nauHOHaabHoro opaecTpa, nojiyiHBiuero uiHpoKoe o6mecTBeHHoe npH3HaHHe bo BpeMH riepBoro BceKa3axcTaHCKoro cJiera jiesneJieU napoAHoro HCKyccTBa b HKWie 1934 roAa. Co Bcex kohuob cosercKoro Ka3axcTaHa Ha CMorp c-bexajmcb Toraa aomCphctu (Kioftom), Ko6bi3HCTbi, cH6u3rbiu>H, neBUbi, TaH- uopbi, uapoaiibie aKbuibi bo raaBe c Jb t caMCyjioM ilwaCaeBbiM. CpeflH 88 y'-iacTHHKOB cnera 6bum aKUH-HMnpoBH3aTop Hca Bafl3aK0B, AOM6pHCTU Jl. MyxHTOB, K- JKaHTJieyoB, y. Ka6nro- jkhh, H. ByKeflxaHOB, T. MaTOB, coBceM lonbifl T. KoHiuHfiaeB, Ko6u3HCTbi X - KaJiaMfiaeB, A- MbiKTbiOaeB, cbidbrarfaiiiiH H. Ba- JiHeB, neBuu T. KypMaiirajmcB, A. KypMaHoB, xyaowHHK A. Kac- TeeB h Apyrae. CneT OTKpwJica 14 hiohh 1934 roAa h aahjtch ueaeJiKi, npeBpa- THBUIHCb BO BCeHapOAHblft np33AHHK. Ha CMOTpe HapoAHbie TajiaHTN c ycnexoM noKaauBaan cBoe MacTepcTBO. B CBoefi cTan»e «ITpa3AHHK KioeB», nocBameHHoft 20-aerHeMy ■ofimieio Ka3axcKoro opKecrpa HMetm KypMaHra3H, yqacTHHK Hep- Boro BceKa3axcTaHCKoro cacTa, HapoAHbifl apracT Ka3axcKofl CCP KOMno3HTop AxMer XySaHOB m u ict: «...Ha cueHy Buiuea c AOM(5pofl b pyxe 6oaphS mojioaoS a * h- tht. Ha HeM Gu.ia (pyrlHo-HKa c 3acyaeHHbiMH pyKaBaMH BHine jiokth. raa3a ero ropeJin. O h BAOXHOBeHHo hcikmiiihji kioh «C o- Kwp EiuaH», «MycHpaaH» h «riepoBCKHfi Mapui» KypMaHra3W. Hs CTapoii caMOAeJibHofi AOMCpu 3ByKH JiHJiHcb Bee cmihHee h CH-ibnee. ripaBaa pyxa aoM6pHCTa npHHHMaJia pa3HOo6pa3Hbie h HrpHBbie ABHWeHHSI, OCOCeHHO CHAbHO H pHTMHHHO 3ByHaAH TpH- ojih b Kioftax. H3-noA pyx rajiaHTJlHBOro My3bixaHTa 3Byqaaa Ha- CTOHiuaa My3b)Ka. 3 to 6bui napoAHbifi aom6phct, BnocJieACTBHH AHpHiKep opKecTpa, yaacTHHK BejiHKOH OTeiecTBeHHOfi BoftHbi ra6AHJibMaH MaTOB. riocjie T. MaTOBa Bucrynmi ko6w3hct, npnexaBWHft H3 Cy3aK- cKoro paSoHa, Xannac KaviaMCaeB. On <5bui b 6eaoM KHTeJie, hh- * e cpeAHero pocTa, cxyn Ha caoBa. B pyxe y Hero 6uji MaJieHb- KH0 KOBIlieo6pa3Hblfi C AByMH KOAKaMM HHCTpyMeHT-- K06bI3. O h hcikmihha KIOH «AKKy», «KacKwp», « X e 3 khhk», «EpAeH>, «KaM6ap». C nepBbix TaKTOB kioh 3pHTeAb cJibimaA HeoObWHbie 3ByKH: ohh HanoMHHajiH uiHpoKyio Ka3axcKyio CTenb, npupoAy, nopofi 12

CAbUUaAHCb B3M3XH KpblAbeB AeGeAB B BblUlHHe, a nopofi 3aBbI- BaHHe BO.IKOB H BbICTpCA OXOTHHK3, HAH lUlSI MOAOAOft ACByill- kh h CTapofl MaTGpH h T. A. KaAaMGaeB CBoeii 3aMeqaTe.ibHoii Hrpofi noK33aji, mto oh hbahctch oahhm H3 Ayiurax ko6u 3Hctob B KB33XCKOH CTenH. IlepeA 3pHTejiBMH Ha cueHe CHAeA xopouio oAeTuft qeAOBeK, b pyxax oh AepwaA AOMGpy c aahhhum rpwfioM. riepeA Hrpofi oh 6ejibiM iwarKOM BbiTep BepxHioio Aexy aomGpu h, 3aKHHyB oAHy Hory Ha Apyryio, npuHHA npHBumyio no3y HcnoAHHTejia- KIOHUIH. H m 6uah HcnojrHCHU cTpeMHiitHficn BnepeA, nopuBHcrufi Kraft— «Cepnep», raimeBaAbnuft — «EaA6payn», noAHuft rfieea h Ooph- 6u, h Meqra o OyAymeM— «KHiuKCHTait», cnoKoftnaa, caob'ho AbiomaacH, necHb «Baft>KyMa», 3aTeMkioh «K u3ua KaftH*, «Aaa- Tayx h Apyrne. / Ho BApyr xapaKTep My3UKH h3mohhach. HaABHraAacb Gypa. f YAapHA rpoM. 3aBOAHOBaAacb cTenb. IIotom nocAbiuiaAHCb 3bykh I CKa>iKH. Bee sro 3acTaBHAo B3AporayTb h HaeropoHCHTbca cAyuia- \"PlenoAHHeMufl kioh 3ByqaA b cTpeKfHTeAbHOM TeMne, ynpyro, b eAHHOM AuxaHHH c ero 'lyAecHoft MeAOAHefi. 3ro 6bui kwh KypManra3M «Capu-ApKa» (WnpoKaa CTenb), HcnoAHeHHuft HacAeAHHKOM KypMam-a3u CarupGaeBa, hostom KraeB yaxanoM KaGhtojkhhum:**. Tax oahh' 3a ApyrHM napoAHue TaAaHru AeMOHcrpHpoBaAH cBoe MacTepcTBo. IlepBuft cAeT AesiTeAeft napoAHoro HCKyccTBa Ka3axcraHa jipn- BeTCTBOBaAH paGoTHHKH AHTepaTypU H HCKyCCTBa SpaTCKHX pec- nyCjiHK h KpynHefluiHe KOMno3Hropu CCCP. B cb08m npHBe-rcTBHH HapoAHUft apTHCT pecny6AHKH KOMno3HTop M. M. Hihioahtob- HBaHOB nHcaA: «R jin Mena CAeT AeareAeft HapoAHoro HCKyccTBa aBAaerca GoAbuiHM, paAOCTHUM coGuTHeM. K.a3axcK3H HapOAHaa necHH hb- ahctch HeHcaepnaeMHM KAaAe3eM, HCKAWinreAbHUM no KpacoTe MeAOAHH, 3acAyjKHBarouyiM nonyAnpH3auHH b iuhpokhx Maccax TpyAHiUHXcsi Hauiero Coio3a. CqHrara hcoGxoahmum OTMCTHTb rpoMaAHyra paGory, npoAe- AaHHyra HapoAHUM apracroM Ka3axcKofi pecnyGAHKH A. B. 3a- TaeBHneM, coGpaBUiHM h 3anncaBUiHM Ka3axcKiift My3MKaABHuft <}>OAbKAop. B CBoeii «TropKCKoft cioHTe» a HcnoAb30BaA paA 3aMeqaxeAbHux Ka3axcKHx mcaoahh. CoBercKHe KOMno3HTopu AOAHCHU C03A3Tb MOHyMeHTaAbHUe My3UKa.TbHble npOH3BeAe- hhb, oTpaJKaiomHe pocT coAHaAKcmaecKoro Ka3axCTaHa»2. 1A. XyOaHOB. npaaAHKK KioeB, raaera cKommvhhsm T8Hbi», 4 aeKafipa. 1954. M> 218 1 «K33axcraiicKas npaBfla», 12 hiohh 1934. K 132. 13

Ha cjiere 8bJCTynnA h caMo^esiTejibHUft AOMOpoBuft aHca.M6-ib noA ynpaaneHHeM AxMera JKy6anoBa. y AOMOpoBoro aucaMSAH HHCTpyMeHTbi CbuiHy»ce He caMOAWibHbie, a cneunaabHO H3roTOB- AeHiibic b My3biKaJibHo-3KcnepHMeHTajibHofi MacTepcKofl no yco- BepmeHCTBOBaHHio uapOAHbix HHcrpyMeHTOB npn My3unaAbHO-Apa- MaTHMeCKOM TeXHHKyMe, Bee OpKCCTpaHTU 6UAH OA6TU B OAHHa- KOBUe KOCTIOMU. 3to 6uao nepBoe KOHuepnioe BUCTyruieHHe HanHoitaAbHoro AOMOpoBoro KOAACKTHBa, b penepTyap Koroporo bxoahah HapoA- Hue kioh «KeHec», «B h niofi», «Kapa6 ac», «Aft>Kan k u3» h Ka- 3axcKHe necuH «BaAKypafi» h «Kapraui». 'KoHu.epT aHcaMCAH HarAHAHo ySeAHA cAyinaTeAeft b tom, hto opKecTpoBoe HcnoAHenne HapoAiiux neceH h Kioee He TOAbKo He HCKaxcaer hx HaunoHaAbHoro xapaKTepa, ho, HanpoTHB, eme ycH- AHBaeT xyAOJKecTBeHHyio BupasHTeAbiiocTb 3thx o6pa3UOB HapoA- ■Horo TBopnecTBa. OrpoMHoe BAHHHHe Ha AaAbHeitinee pa3BHTHe Ka3axcKoro hc- KyccTBa oKa3aAo nocTaHOBAeHHe KaaLlHKa 06 HTorax ITepBoro BceKa3axcTaHCKoro CAeTa AeHTeAeii HapoAHoro HCKyccTBa ot 21 liiOHH 1934 roAa. B 3tom nocraHOBAeHHH ripe3HAHyM Ka3axcKoro LteHTpaAbHoro HcnoAHHTeAbHoro KoMHTera otmctha, hto «...CAeT AeaTeAett HapoAnoro HcxyccTBa Ka3axcTaHa noKa3aA orpoMHyio Momb h noreHUHaAbnue bo3MO>khocth Ka3axcKoro HapoAHoro TBopnecTBa, HBAaiomHecH ocHOBoii aah AaAbHeflmero Bcec-ropoH- Hero pa3BHTHH HaunoHaAbHoro no (})opMe h coimaAHCTHqecicoro no coAepwaHHio HCKyccTBa Ka3axcKHX TpyAHWHXCH Macc». Ilpe3HAHyM Ka3liH Ka npH3HaA hco6xoahmum 3axpenHTb bu- HBAeHHbie Ha CAeTe TaAaHTAHBue KaApu H3 AeaTeAefi HapoAHoro HCKyccTBa 3a TeaTpaAbHUMH h 3peAHiAHUMH y*ipe>KAeHHHMH Ka- 3axcTaHa. B nocTaHOBAenHH oco6o 6mah OTMe'ieHu 3acAyrn HapoAHoro apracTa A. B. 3aTaeBHHa b coCHpaHHH h o6pa6oTKe Ka3axcKHx HapoAHHX neceH h OAoCpena HHHunaTHBa, nponBAeHnaH TexHHKy- mom b opraHH3aium AOM6poBoro KpyjKKa. Ka3LlHK npeMHpoBaA A. B. 3aTaeBHia AeHejKHoft npeMHeft, a My3UKaAbHuii TexHHKyM— TpaMOToR HapKOMnpoca Ka3ACCP h npeAAOJKHA HapKOMnpocy OOeCneHHTb TeXHHKyM My3UKaAbHUMH HHCTpyMeHTaMH. yqHTUBan onuT paOoTu AOMfipoBoro aHcaMfiAH h pacrymne KyAbTypHue noTpe(5HocTH HapoAa b nepnoA couHaAHCTwiecKo- ro npeoopaaoBaHHH pecnyCAHKH, npe3HA«yM KasUHKa nocra- hobha: «OpraHH30BaTb npn HapKOMnpoce H3 qncAa yqacTHHKOB I-ro. CAeTa AeHTeAeii HapoAHoro HCKyccTBa HauuoHaAbHuii opKeerp H3 HapOAHUX HHCTpyMeHTOB AAH oCcAyjKHBaHHH KOAXO30B, COBXO30B h npoMuuiAeHHux npeAnpHHTHH. CoAepxcaHHe opxecTpa BKAioqHTb b pecnyOAHKaHCKHfl 6iOA>KeT». 14

PyKOBQUCTByHCb 3THM nOCTai(OBJI6HHeM, HapOAHhlft KoMHCCa- paat npocBemeHHH Ka3axcicoft ACCP H3^ajr ocofitjii npHKa3 06 opraHH3auHH Ka3axcKoro HauHOHaAbHoro opKecTpa, r^e tobo- pHJIOCb: «C4HTaTb C 25 HIOHH OpraHH30B3HHbIM npH My3bIKaAbHO-Apa- MaTHqecKOM TexHHKyMe I-ft Ka3axcKHfi HauHOHaAbHbifl opaecTp HMeHH Ka3UHKa Ha 6a3e cymecTByiomero AOMfipoBoro opKecrpa TexHHKyMa h npHKOMaHAHpoBaHHhix H3 HHCAa yiacTHHKOB onera AeHTejiefl HapoAHoro HCKyccrea, jiyquiHx aomOphctob, Ko6bi3HCTOB H CblCbiarbllUH*1. Tax b cocraB opKecrpa HMeHH KasLJHKa Hapaay co cryAenTa- mh My3biKa/ibHo-ApaMaTH'iecKoro TexHHKyMa Bom.au 3aMeiaTeAb- Hue MacTepa h 3HaroKH HapoAHoro MyjUKaJibHoro TBopiecrBa: AOMGpHCTbi — JlywiaH MyxHTOB, Ka.iH >KaHT.ieyOB, yaxan Ka6H- roxcHH, Hayma ByaefixaHOB, PaSAHAbMaii MaTOB, cbi6bi3rbiiiiH Hc- xax BajiHen, Cannae KaJiaMfiaeB, o6pa30BaBmHe ocHOBHoe TBOp- MecKoe hapo nepBoro Ka3axcKoro HaunoHajibHoro opKecrpa.. HapOAHMe AOMfipHCTbl H Ko6bI3HCTbI npHHOCHAH C Co6oft HO- Bbie kk>h h necHH, koTophie 3na4HTeAbH0 oSorarHJiH h paciimpHAH penepTyap opKecrpa. B sto BpeMa 6hah 3anHcaHH, b lacTHOcro, MHorne kioh KypMaHra3bi, ilayAerKepea, Ka3aHrana, Cefirexa h A hhu HypneHCOBofi. B npHKa3e HapKOMnpoca 6uao npeAAO«eHO npoBecra neofixo- AHMyio BocnHTareJibHyio paOcrry cpeAH yaacTHHKOB opKecrpa, a Taxwe opraHH30BaTb b My3UKaJibiioM rexHHKyMe c ceHTa6pa 1934 roAa xnacc Ka3axcKHx rfapoAHMX HHCTpyMeHTOB. jjHpHwepoM h xyAOwecTBeHHbiM pyxoBOAHTeAeM opKecrpa 6bui Ha3iiaqeH A. K. JKyOaHOB2. riepBufi pyKOBOAHTenb h AHpHwep xasaxcKoro opKecrpa Ax- MeT KyaHOBHi Xy6anoB poahach b 1906 roAy b TeMHp-ypKaaeB- ckom pafione, AktioGhhckoh oSAacTH, Ka3axcKoa CCP. ^ercTBO AxMera )Ry6aHOBa npouiAo b necenHOM Kpaio, cpe­ AH neuuoB h kiohuih, KOTopbiMH Tax 6oraTa Ka3axcKan crenb. Eme MaAb'iHKOM oh HrpaeT Ha A0M6pe, ylH-rca neTb. Ero AioOoBb k My3bHce, necHe pocAa c KawAbiM toaom, a BMecre c sthm Kpenao JKeaaHHe nocBHTHTb ce6a My3biKe. MeiTa AxMeTa JKyCaHosa eraTb XBaAwpHiiHpoBaHHbiM My3N- KaHTOM cObiaacb. Oh noeryiiHA b JleHHHrpaACKyio KOHcepBa- ropHK) HMeHH H. A. PHMCKoro-KopcaKOBa. HcropHKO-TeopeTHie- CKyro noATOTOBKy AxMet }Ry6aHOB noayaHA y BbiAaiomeroca oo- 1IlpBKas no HapoAHOMy KoMHCcapnaiy npocBemeims Ka3. CCP. 1934 r., 25 BioHa, Nt 220. Apxhb MwHHCTepcTBa npocaemeHBa Ka3. CCP. 1 npm<a3 no HapoAROMy KoMHccapHaTy npocBemeHHa Kas. CCP 1934 r., 23 anpejia, Jfe 425. ApxHB MHHHCTepcTBa npocBeraenHS Kas. CCP.

BeTCKOro KoMno3HTopa B. B. Aca<j)beBa. Flo ro6oio oh 3aHHMaAcsx y npo<}>eccopa <t>. n. HHMaHa, a no xuxaccy cKpanitH y ripenoAaBa- Tejia Ji. A . SrnroHa. B 1932 roxy A . JKyGaHOB noaxe OKOHHaHHH JleHHHrpaACKoft KOHcepBaropHH nocTynun b acmpaHTypy AKa^eMHH HCKyccnxo- 3HaHnsi (HUHe Hay'iHO-HccnejiOBaTe.ibCKHH HHCTHTyr TeaTpa h My- 3ukh). B naiajxe 1933 roAa A. K. >Ky6aHOB 6m ji oto3B3h Kpafixo- mom napTHH h HapKoMnpocoM Ka3axcraHa b Amua-Ary, r^e h Hanajiacb ero TBopnecKajxh HayMHaa AesiTeAbHOCTb. ripexpacHbifi opraHH3aTop, AxMeT >Ky6aHOB c nepBbix AHeii cBoefi fleHraib- hocth cyMeji rapMOHH'iccKH coieTaTb nayHHyio paCoTy c oGme- CTBeHHOft. B 1933 roay, OyaynH 3aBy<xeM h npenoaaBaTejieM My3biKajib- Ho-ApaMaTHMOCKoro TexxxHKyMa, oh opraHH30BM iiay'mo-HcaxeAO- BaTeabCKHii KaGHHer no HaynenHio Ka3axcKoS My3MKH h My3bi- xcajibHo-sKcnepHMeHTanbHyio MacTepcKyio no ycoBepnieHCTBOBa- HHIO K33aXCKHX HapOAHbIX HHCTpyMeHTOB. AxMeT JKyGaHOB H3BecTeH h Kan My3biKOBeA-3THorpa<j>. Oh 3anncan MHOwecTBO neceH h KioeB h coSpajx ueHHMe Marepnajibi o ACHTeJiax HapoAixoro HcxyccTBa. Ero nepy npiiHaAnewHT psiA MystJKOBeAiecKHx TpyAOB: «OcHOBbi My3biKaAbHoii rpaMOTH* (1933), KHHra o xaaaxcKOM HapoAHOM KOMno3HTope KypMaHra- 3bl (1936), «)KH3Hb II TBOpHeeTBO Ka3aXCKHX HapOAHbIX KOMilO- 3HTopoB» (1942) h MHorne Apyrae. C 1938 roAa A. >Ky6aHOB 3aHHMaeTca KOMnosHTopcKoS Aea- TCAbHOCTblO. 3a 3TOT nepHOA HM HanHCaH psiA My3bIK3AbHbIX npo- H3BeABHHix, BKAiOAaa A»e onepu (b coaBtopcTBe c JI. Xbmhah), My3biKy k ApaMaTHHecKHM cneKTaKAHM, CHMipoHH'recKHe no9MU, cxohtu, MaprnH, KaMepxiue npoH3BeAeHHa, necHH h poMaHCH. HuHe AxMeT KyaHOBHi }Ky6anoB — aoktop HcKyccTBOBeAie- ckhx HayK, npocpeccop KaiJxeApbi namioHaAbHux HHCTpyMeHTOB An- Ma-ATHHCKofi rocyflapcTBeimoii KOHcepBaiopHH hmchh KypMaH- ra3bx, AeficTBHTejibHbift aagh AxaAeMHH HayK Ka3CCP, iiapOAHbiii apTHCT pecny6AHKH. riooxe nepBoro BceKa3axcTaHCKoro oxeTa AeaTejxeft HapoA- Horo HCKyccTBa now™ eweroAHO co3bXBaAHCb b AAMa-Are pecnyG- AHK3HCKHe OAHMXlHaAbl. Jlymjne aomGphcth h KoGbisHCTbi, BbicTynaBiUHe Ha CMOTpax, BKAioqaAHCb b cocTaB opKecipa. B 1936 roAy Gbuia nparAaiiieHa Ko6w3HCTKa ryAbiia(J)nc Bas3HT0Ba, iibine HBJisnomaacn KOHuepT- MeftcTepoM rpynnbi ko6u30b. /(om6phct TeMHp6eK Axmctob nepemen b opxecTp b 1937 ro- Ay H3 HahAckoto pafloHHoro KOAxo3HO-coBxo3Horo TeaTpa AjiMa- A thhckoSi oGAacTH. Apyroft aomGphct, A. HcMannoB, b tom we roAy Gma npm-AaweH H3 MHMkeHTCKoro o6Aacnxoro TeaTpa.

HapoAHUS apTiicr Ka3CCP, npocjjcccop A K. X y 6a ho b 1/ - Baceuraaa raaaroa

TaK 3aKJiaAWBajiacb ocHOBa Ka3axcKoro rocyAapCTBeHHoro opnecTpa HapoAiibix HHCTpyMenTOB HMeHH KypMaHra3bi — oaho- ro H3 JiyilUHX My3bIK&AbHbIX KOAAeKTHBOB CoBeTCKoro CoK)3a. B aBrycTe 1934 roAa opraiiH3auHOHHoe yKpenAeme opKeor- pa 6uao 3aKOHieHO, h oh BnepBue npHCTynHA k co3AaHHio non- HoueHHOH KOHnepxHoft nporpaMMu, pyKOBOAcrayacb yKa3aHHS- mh HapoAHoro KoMHccapnaTa npocBemeHHH o tom, htoGu b penepryap opKecTpa b nepByio oiepeAb A u a BKAwqeHhi «H h- TepHauHOHaA*, ABaAHan. cepbe3Hhix woes', a raioKe npHBeicr- Beniiue h uepeMOHHaAbHbie TyniH. B nepBHe roAbi pa6orbi opnecTpy npaiiuiocb npeoAOAeTb pan cepbe3Hbix TpyAHOCTefl, oco6eHiio b ofiJiacTH aHcaMGAeeoro hc- nOAHeHHH KH3aXCKHX IieCeH H KIOeB. PyKOBOAMTeAK) opnecTpa A. )Ky6aHOBy hsao 6uao co3AaTb rwOKHa, jkhboA KOHuepTHbift aHcaMOAb, ocTopoJKHO h yMeAO HanpaBAHTb aomCphctob h ko- 6bi3HCTOB, paHee HrpaBmnx TOAbKO coAbHO, Ha HOBufi nyTb koa- AeKTHBHOroTBOpieCTBa H OpKeCTpOBOrOHCnOAlieHHH. AOM6pHCTbl h ko6m3hctu, b 6oAbtUHHCTBe CAysaeB npHBUKuiHe k cboCoaho- My, a HHOrAa h HMnpOBH.ianHOHHOMy HcnoAHeHHio Kwe® h neceH, He motah cpa3y npHBbiKiiyTb k opnecTpy, k eAHHOMy aHcaM6AW, k o6mefi HioaHCHpOBKe h t. a - TpyAHO 6 hao Ao6Hn.cs HcnoAHe- hhs eAHHofl peAaKUHH Toro hah hhoto kwh hah necHH, Koropbie 06MHHO KaWAblii AOMCpHCT H Ko6bI3HCT HCnOAHSAH nO-pa3HOMy. KOAAeKTHB opnecTpa BO TABBe C CoAblUHM 3H3T0K0M Ka3aXCK0fl HapoAHOft My3HKH A. >Ky6anoBbiM cyMeA npeoAOAeTb stk TpyA- hocth TBOpiecicoro pocTa, GAaroAaps seMy eMy yAaAocb nepefiTH OT MHOTOBeKOBbiX TpaAHUHft HHAHBHAyaAbHOrO COAbHOro HCriOA- HeHHS k cAowHbiM jopMaM opKecTpoBoro aHcaM6As. Cepbe3HaS pa6oTa 6biAa npoBeAena no orfiopy AynuiHx BapaaHTOB HapoAHbix KioeB, HcnoAHHTeAHMH KOTopux 6hah MacTepa Ka3aXCKoro HC- KyccTBa Yaxan KaOnroJKHH, Hayuia ByKeflxaHOB, KaAH >KairrAe- yoB, Jlyxn&H MyxHTOB. Bee ohh o6./raAaAH pa3Hoft Manepoft Hrpu h pa3Hoft CTeneHbro oAapeHHOCjH, ho KawAbifl H3 hhx ropsio AW6hA CBOe pOAHOe HCKyCCTBO, 6bIA BblAalOIAHMCS 3H3TOKOM B cBoefi o6Aac™. iXoM6pHCT-BHpryo3 y. Ka6HrowHH nepes&n op- KecTpy b cbocm HcnoAHCHHH kwh KypMaHra3bi «CapbI-ApKa», «BaA6payH», «Cepnep» h Apyrae. Kwfl cCapu Apna» KaCHroaum. hcetoahha c 6oAbmoft xyAo- wecTBeiiHofi crporocTbw, He Aonycnaa H.\\inpoBii3au.HOHHiJx BCTa- bok h HeonpaBAaHHux noBTopeHHii, HapymawmHX KAaccu'iecKyw CTpoflHocn. 3Toro 3aMesafeAbHoro kwh KypMaiira3H. BapnaHT KWS B HCnOAHeHHH Ka6HrOJKHHa 6b!A npH3H3H 06pa3UOBblM H TipHHHT AAH KOAAeKTHBHOrO HCnQAHBHHH. BbiAawiUHftcsi KwfiuiH Hayma BynefixaHOB coo6iuha kwh <KocaAKa» h «TonaH» ZUyneTKepes, «K o6hk uianJKaH» KypMaH- 18

njBHioeeaptmyMB(SuooaoieryrjoiKbnTaiouKaHnojaiaHeaMHMaBTaaxjJHicHHiHexHupoBeHareHoKfnieuprHiapHHacuMauo,HTTxuMOBooaHHppcaora6jeiieuhopcHaroKaaoMTorC,eoBTnw4Bo6>cppaKoaupyukecMk.eHcjHrTonppBb,aoO,—BT. OaKHHBOHKeTeoeOeph3xotyropoAaAoaoeBwxAHeaaTc3AHTaOC-- Ot Kajin JKaHr/ieyoBa opxecTp nepeHiui kioh KypMaHraau «AAaB», «KaftpaH rnerneM* h «AK6aft». KafiHrojKHH, ByKeflxaiiOB h JKaHTAeyoB, 3ayHHB kioh b paH- liefl MOAOAOCTH, He BHOCHAH 33TeM HHK3KHX H3MeH&HHfi B HX nepBOHaqaJibHyio pcaskuhio. B TpaKTOBKe kiocb KypMaHra3u, ilayjierKepea, Hhhu h ApyrHx iiapoAHhix KOMno3HropoB mu He HaxoAHM y 9thx HctioJiHHTejieft BcraBHUx 3HH30A0B, paspuBaio- IHHXK0MnO3HU,HK) H My3UKaAbH06 p33BHTHe KIOHB CBH3HCerp CO- AepjKaHHeM. ripuMeHeHHe napoAHUMH kiohiiih ocofibix npHeMOB nrpu, cbhsb My3UKajibHbix (ppa3, nepHOAOB, nepexoAOB ot oahofo 3nH30Aa K ApyroMy 6uao Bnojiae jioth'ihum. -. Cthab nepeAaBaeMux KioeB owiHaanca HCKAioiHreAbiioS npoc- TOTOft, a no CTpOfiHOCTH KOMII03HUHH OHH 6UAH OieHb nOKa3aTeAb- hu Kan Ayurnne BapnaHTU. Bee KioH nepeHHMaAHCbot ajbiuihx kioAuih no cAyxy. KaxcAyio 4>pa3y, MeAOAHiecKHii h pHTMHiecKHfl ofiopoT, oco6ue npneMu Hr­ pu apracraMH opaecxpa ocBaHBaAHCb HHAHBHAyaAbHo. IIocAe sroro Kiofi KaK 6u «pacKAaAUBaAca» Ha opxecTp b caMoii npo- cTeflmeft HHCTpyMeHTOBKe c npeo&iaAaHHeM yHHcoHHoro HcnoAHe- hhh. Tax b penepTyap opxecTpa boiuah nonyjiapHbie kioh «Aabft*, «BaA6payH» h «Cepnep> KypMaHra3U, «KocaAKa» h «K u3 AK>Kejieii» flayAeTKepea, napoAHue necHH «T oakuh», «K u- 3ua OHAafi». Ohh cocraBHAH ocHOBy nepsoft KonnepmoS npo- rpaMMU. 3Aecb HeofixoAHMo OTMeniTb CoAbuiyio paCory pyxoBOAHTeAa opxecTpa KaK no or6opy Ayauiax BapnaHTOB kiocb. Tax h TOUHoft (JjiiKcauHH hx b opKecTpe, ycTanoBAenHH TeMna, AHiiaMH'iecKHx ot- TeHKOB h uejiocTHoro opKecTpoBoro 3ByaaHHa. C nepBUx A»efi cBoero cymeensoBaHHa opxecTp BucTynaA ne- peA MHoroTUcaaHofl ayAHTopnefl. Ero KOHUepTU aacTo ncpeAaBa- AHCb no paAHO. _ B HHBape 1935 roAa b KasaxcTaHe npoxoAHA IX c-be3A CoBe- tob. Ha 3tom cie3Ae c noAiiofi kohucpthoh nporpaMMofi BucTynHA opKecTp HapoAHbix HHCTpyMeHTOB. Oh 6ua BcrpeaeH ayAHTOpHefi HeoOuaafiHo ropaao: AeJieraTOB ct>6a3 rAyfioioo boahobaah--h HapoAHue necHH h kioh, np03ByaaBniHe b opKecTpe c ocofioft ch- AOfl H HpKOCTbK) XyflOJKeCTBCHHOTO B03AefiCTBHa. OpKeCTpOBUfl aHcaMOAb ycHAHA, cAejiaA SoAee Bupa3HTeAbHUMH cBoeo6pa3Hue KpaCKH, pHTMU H HHTOHaUHH HapOAHOfi MeAOAHH, npHASA Ka3aX- CKHM KIOHM MOIKHOe CHMCjlOHHKeCKOe 3ByHBHHe, fiUBIUGe AO TOrO

CKpbITbIM 170A nOKpOBOM npHMHTHBHOft <}>aKTypbI TeMatHHeCKOrO paSBHTHfl. TBopqecKHft pocT opaecrpa iiapoAuux HHcrpyMeHTOB hmchh Ka3llHKa OKa3ajicn HacroAbico 3HaqHreAbHbiM, w o ua 6a3e 3to- ro opnecTpa b 1935 roay Guna co3Aana Ka3axcKan TocyaapcTBeH- Haa (j)H.iapMOHHa hmchh Zl>KaM6yjia, BCKope cxaBiuaa opraHH- 3yioiuHM ijeHTpoM My3biKa.ibHO-KOHuepTHOfi paGoTtj b pecnyG- Koaackthb h3 CBoeft cpeAbi BHABHraeT moaoahx AHpHJKepoB. B 3th ro-AU BncpBhie naiaA paGoraTb accHcreHTOM raaBHOro ah- pHwepa opxecTpa aomGphct TaGAHAbMaH MaTOB, kotopuh 3aMe- HaTeabHo ynpaBJian opxecTpoM npn HcnojiueHHH napoAHbix ne- JleroM 1935 boaa opKecrp BnepBHe BuexaA b racTpcuibHyio noe3ARy no oGAacTHM KaaaxcTaHa. Oh nofibiBaji Ha cbhhuobom 3aBOAC MHMKeHTa, y uiaxTepoB Aincaa, HefpraHHKOB FypbeBa, puOaKOB KaenHH H B pHAe oOAaCTHblX H paftoHHbIX UeHTpOB pecnyCAHKH. TpyAamneca sthx oOAacTeii ropsrao paAOBaAHCb BO3MOHCH0CTH CAbHIiaTb C KOHUepTHOH SCTpaAbl CBOH pOAHbie necHH h kioh b TajiaiiTAHBOM HcnojineHHH opKecrpa. 3 to Gfai.na nepsaa KOHuepTHaa noe3AKa, noJiojKHBiuaa Haaajio nocneAyiomHM racrpoAHM opKecTpa, npHHecuiHx KOAAeKTHBy 6cuib- uiHe ycnexH b Cobctckom Coi03e h 3a ero pyGexoM. BMecTe c opuecrpoM BuexajiH xop (pHAapMOHHH, aHcaMG.ib Tamia u oxAeAb- Hbie COJIHCTbl. U,eJlbK> noe3A0K KOAAeKTHBa GbIAO 03naKOMACHHe oiHpoKHx Macc TpyAaiuHxca pecnyGAHKH c aocthjkchhamh nauHO- HaAbHOro My3bIKaAbHOro HCKyCCTBa. CBOefl xyAowecTBeHHOfl h npaBAHBofl nepeAaieii napoAHux neceH h kiocb opKecrp boahobba, BooAyuieBAaA h yBAexaa CAy- mafeAefl. 3 th Kaiecroa, HecoMKeHHO, onpeAeAawrca TeM, hto GoAUIUHHCTBO apTHCTOB BUpOCAO H BOCnHTaAOCb B HfipOAHOH Cpe- Ae h TAyGoKO boceiphhhao HapoAHoe HCKyccTBO. KawAoe BhicTynAeHHe opKecrpa ropaao BerpeqaAOCb nyOAH- Kofl, HaXOAHAO OJKHBAeHHUH OTKAHK B npeCCe. MHMKeHTCKaa ra- 3eTa cflpaBAa IOjkhoto Ka3axcraHa» 18 hiohsi 1935 roAa b CTaTbe «CBHAeTeAbCTBO pocia* oTMeqaAa: «racTpoAH KasaxcKoft rocyAapcTBeHofl i|)HAapMOHHH b Hhm- KeHTe — eme oaho A0Ka3aTeJibctbo toto, HacKOAbKo Goraio Ha- poAHoe TBopaecTBo Ka3axcTaHa, HacKOAbKo pecnyGAHKa niarayAa BnepeA Ha (ppoHTe HCKyccrea. To, hto KOHuepTbi TocyAapcTBeH- HOH IpHJiapMOHHH OXOTHO HOCemaiOTCH LUHpOKOH nyGAHKOfl, AHUi- hhB pa3 noATBepwAaeT, hto HCKyccTBO 6ah3Ko MaccaM, hto Mac- Cbl OCBaHB3K>T T3KHe OTpaCAH HCKyCCTBa, KaK My3hlKa. OcoGo cAeAyeT OTMeran, HauHOHaAbHbiii opnecTp (jjHAapMOHHH noA ynpaBAeHHeM komno3HTopa AxMera )Ky6aHOBa. 3tot opwecTp BnoAHe sacAyoKeHHO hocht hmh Ka3UHKa. Ero BwcrynAeHHa ro-

pJPCO npHHHMaiOTCH 3pHTe.lbHbIM 38JI0M, OCTaBJIHlOT KOJIOCCa.lhliOe EneiaTJieuHe*. Bo BpeMn cbohx KOHuepxmax noeajoK opnectp Bea pa6ory no H3yHeHHK> n c6opy Ka3axcxoro My3HKaJibHoro (pcuibioiopa, oKa3biBa.i noMomb MecrHhiM KpyjKKaM xyaoiKecTBeiiHoii caMoaea- rejibHOCTH. Bee HaH&uiee ueHHoe, >ito yaaBaaocb co6pan> b 06- aacm My3biKaabHoro xBopiecxBa, BnocjieaciBHH boui.io b penep- ryap h 6buio CTapaxeabHO pa3yneHo Hapaay c B3BecTHHMH kiohmh KypManra3bi hjih CefiTeKa. rioe3flKa no Ka3axcTaHy o3iiaKOMHJia Moaoaofi KoaaeKXHB c JKH3HbK> H TBOpneCTBOM HapOaa B roabl BejIHKOrO COimajlHCTHMe- CKoro HacTynjieHnn. Opnecxp c BooayfflesaeHHeM BK.nomuicn b pafioTy no noBbiineHHio cBoero npotfieccHonajibHoro xyaonteex- BeHHoro MacxepcxBa. IIocaeaHee ocoSeHHo apno cKa3aaocb b oxHomennH k Hapoa- HUM neCHSM H KIOHM. Bee yCHJIHH KOJIJICKXMBa OpKetfxpa ShMIH Ha- npaBaeiibi.K TOMy, ixo6u hx xyaoxcecxsemtoe coaepsKanne 6hjio iicpcaaHo. tomho n npaBAHBO. BoabLune ycnexH nponBiuiHCb n b ocbochhh KioeB KypMaHra- 3bi: \"iAkcan khSk», «AK6afl», «Capbi-apKa», «Ko6hk mauiKaH* h Hapoanoro kkis «lUajlKbiMa». O coOchho cmibiioe BneqaxaeHHe ocxaBanao y cayiuaTeaefl Hcnoauenne KioeB «Capbi-apKa> h «Ko6hk mauiKaH*, H3yieHHe Koxopux noMorao opKecxpy nonnxb h ycBOHTb HawCoJiee xHnHiHbie ocofieHHOCTH xa3axcKoro Hauno- HaabHoro cxhjih. K ioh «Capbi-apKa», o6aaaaiom.Hii CoJiamofi chjioS smouho- HaabHoro B03aeiicxBHa, Hcnoanaaca opKecxpoM c orpoMHUM xeM- nepaineHxoM h Coraxoft HaneBHOcxbio. KypManra3bi b caoeM XBopaecxBe cxpeMnaca OTo6pa3Hxb He xoabKo ninpoKyio Ka3axcKyio cxenb, Coraxyio ee 3eMaio, ropu, pe- KH H caabl, HO H THJKeaylO WH3Hb Ka3axCK0TO napoaa, H3HhIBaB- uiero noa aBOiiHbiM rnexOM — uapcKHx KO.ioHH3aiopoB h MecxHbix 6aes h ijieoaanoB. ’ Kkho «Capbi-apKa* npncyiaa rpoMaanaa umpoxa auxaHHa, Bocco3aaK>maa Bneiar-ieHne fiecKpaiinHx npocxopoB Ka3axcnofl cxenn. Bo.ibiuyio poab b co3aaHHH o6pa3a Hrpaex Coraxaa Mejio- aHKa, ynpyraa phtmhkb, aymeaHaa 6oapocxb, cxpeMuxejibHaa an- HaMHKa h Boanyiomati sMouHonaJibHocxh, CBoacxBeHHue 3aayineB- Houy h noa-iHHHO HapoaHOMy XBopiecTBy KypMaHraau. ’B iooe oniymaexca xpenexnan .irofioiib K0Mno3nxopa la poanofl KaaaxcKoS cxena — «CapH-apKa>, ero ropsiHfl coiiHaabHufi npo- xecx, nepepacTarouiHH b yxBepwaeHHe MyweexBeHHoexn napoaa, ero roxoBHoexn k 6opb6e. Taxosa naen 3to(! My3biKajibHOH nbecu. KioS «Ko6hk maniKaH* («ByniyiomHfl Baa») 6ua cxraaaH KypMaHra3bl B CBH3HC CHJIbHfalM HaBOAHeHHeM H BbI3BaHHbTM 3THM HapoaHbiM SeacxBHeM. 21

...Cep^HTbie BOJiHbi ceAoro Kacnna, Me^JieiiHo nepeKarbiBaacb, HaCeraiOT Ha 6eper. Cypoaufi HaneB Berpa, to ryjuunuH, to » a - ao6hhB, npe^BeuiaiomHS HacTyiuieHHe rpo3Hwx coCuthB. Bee cHJibHee nopbiBbi Berpa, ece rpoMie h TpeBOWHee pokot bojih. rie- HHCTaa BOfla 3ajiHBaeT Cepera. KpenaaeT BeTep. BemeHbie nopu- Bbi ero B3/ibiMaioT orpoMHhie BOjiHbi, c chaoB oCpyuiHBaioiHHecH Ha cymy. Bee HBCTBeHHee craHOBHTca owymeHHe npH(5AHweHHa He- H36e>KHoro h cTpauiHoro HaBOAHeHHa. Bor 3arpoxoTaJi rpOM; Ilo- aha JiHBeHb, 3acBepKa-iH ocJienHreJibHbie mojihhh. Bee MepKHeT b KpyTameMca BHxpe pa36ymeBaBmefica boahoB cthxhh, 3aT0HHB- uiefl orpoMHbie npocTpancToa no CeperaM ceaoro Kacnna, Tan 6e3AOHHaa BOAsmaa MorHJia norjiomna npnOpewHbie cejie- HHa, HCMa.'io 6bmo npojiHTo cjie3, norn6 OecnoMomHbift akja. Kiofl HaKHHaerca cnoKoflHo, c noBecTBOBBHHa, mcaoahh jihph- aecKoro xapaKTepa, h b HeB CAbmiHTCH-'HHTOHauHa njiaaa. OHa npeAeJibHO Bupa3HTeJibHa h aoxoaht ao TparaaecKoro 3ByaaHHa. Bee 3T0 noAHHHeHO BHyrpeHHeMy HanpaweHHOMy pHTMy; Hew- HHfl H WaAo6Hblft 3ByK K06H30B, 3Byqamnfi B eAHHOM AUXaHHH c AOMfipaMH, no3BojiHeT pacKpbiBaTb caMbie Hewm>ie 3M0uhh, nepexoAaame b raeB h apoerb. TjxySoKoe omymeHHe HcnoJiHHTejiaMH cmna stoio Kioa, o6pa3- Hoe BOcnpoH3BeAeHHe ero 6oraTWMH BbipaanTeAbHUMH cpeACTBa- mh noMoraiOT Bbi3Barb y caymaTeJieft omymeHHe Tparn3Ma. TaK poAHJiacb H3-noA AByxcTpyHHoB AOMfipu KypMaHra3M TpaypHaa necHa o TpanraecKofi rHoejin HapoAa — « K o6hk mainKaH*. 9 tot kk>h — caMbifi cypoBbifl h cKop6Hbifl H3 Bcex kiocb KypMaHra3bi. MoTHBbI CKOpfiH, BbipajKCHHhlC B KiOe, HMeiOT rJiy60KHfl COUHaJIb- Hbifl CMH.CAJ..OHH BbipawaiOT npoTecT npOTHB CTpaAaHHfl HapOAa. \" B TBOpaecKofl whshh KOAAeKTHBa HapaAy c raoaMH Co.ibUioe 3HaaeHHe hmmh Taxwe h Ka3axcKHe HapoAHHe necHH. BHaiaAe opaeCTp HCnOAHRA HapOAHbie necHH B OAHOrOAOCHOM H3A0WeHHH, MexamaecKH cJieAya HapoAHoB TpaAHUHH h TOAbKo ycHAHBaa MejiOAHio b opnecTpoBOM 3BynaHHH. KoHeBiio, h npa TaxoM HcnOA- HeHHH HapoAHaa necHa ofioramajiacb CBoeo6pa3HUMH KpacKaMH opKecTpoBoro Ko.topHTa, ocofieHHo KorAa mcjigabh npoBOAHJiacb K06bl3aMH B COnpOBOWAeilHH AOM6p. OAHano xyAOHcecTBeHHo h TOopaecKH BupocmaB koaagkthb opxecTpa b AaAbHefiuieM ywe He mot MexaHHaecKH CACAOBarb ot- WHB1UHM TpaAHUHBM OAHOrOJIOCHOTO nCHHa. K TOMy we H caM Ka3axcKnB HapoA 3a toabi coBercKoft BJiacTH hoa nenocpeACTBen- HbJMBAHHHHeM pyCCKOfl XOpOBOfi H peBOAK>UHOHHOfi neCHH HaCTOB- ■ihbo ctsji OBAaAeBarb KyjibTypoB MHororojiocHoro nenna. OpxecTp AOAweH 6u ji He OTCTaBaTb ot wh3hh HapoAa, a Bee BpeMa cTpe- MHTbca BnepeA, k 6oaee caowhum cjjopMaM My3biKaAbHofl xyAb- PyKOBOAHTeAH opxecxpa A. JKy6aH0B a JI. Xbmhah, npHineA- 22

uihA b KcvuieKTHB b 1938 r o s y , CTajiH BBOAHTb HcnoJiHeHHe HapoA- Hbix neceH b npocTefimeft rapMOHH3anHH. TaK boih.th b penepiy- ap Ka3axcK«e necHH: «JKaftMa Komjp*. «IIlHpKHHaft», a TaioKe «JKacacuH» (M. Epwanosa, b o6pa5oTxe E. BpycanoBCKoro), «}KepMa 6ec», «Ekh 3KHpeH», «Axay ceMefi* ( b o6pa6oTKe A. 3HJib6cpa), «7KeHeme», «Kapa-roprafi» (II BapHaHT b o6pa6<)T- ae JI. XaMHAH), «3aypem», *AftAHAafi», «>KaH6oTa» Bapwana (b o(5pa6oTKe A. JKyCaHOBa). OAHOBpeMeHHO opKecrp o6ora™ji cboh penepTyap H necHHMH cobctckhx KOMno3HTOpoB, hto eme Ccuiee npH6jiH3HJio ero k jkh3HH h TBop'iecTBy iiapOAa b aame coBer- cKoe BpeMa, HanoJiHi«io,,ero KoHuepra eme 6cuiee BOAHyiomHM hachhum coAepacaHHeM. Tax BnepBbie b opKecrpoBOM 3ByaaHHH Ka3axcKHX HapoAHbix HHCTpyMeHTOB uiHpoKHe Maccfai cjiyiuaTeJiefi no3HaKOMHAHCb c necHeS «O t Kpaa h ao xpaa» H3 onepu H. X(3ep- wuHCKoro «T hxh6 A oh» (HHCTpyMeHTOBKa A. JKyCaHOBa), «IIo- jiioihko* JI. KHHnnepa (HHCTpyMeHTOBKa JI. XaMHAH) h co mhoth- mh ApyrHMH meAespaMH coBeTCKofi neceHHofl KyabTypu. . Bojlbwoe BJ1HHHH© Ha HAefiHHft POCT MOJIOAOro KOJIJieKTHBa 0Ka3aA0 ero yaacrae b AeKaAe Ka3axcKoro HcxyccTBa b MocKBe b Mae 1936 r. C OrpOMHHM BOOAyineBJieHHeM a C03HaHHeM OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH rOTOBHJICH OH K 3T0My BMCTyTIJieHHK) nepeA My3UKaAbHOfl 06- IHeCTBeHHOCTbKD CTOAHUW Hameft POAHHbl. CoCTaB OpKeCTpa 6bW yBeAH'ieH n o copoxa aeaoBeK, imaTejibHO noAodpaH h pa3yaeH penepTyap. Ha AeKaAe 6nnn noKa3aHU onepHue cneKTawiH r«Kbi3-WH<5eK» h «X(aA6bip>. AaeaAHCb Konuepra opKecTpa hmchh Ka3 LUiKa, xopeorpaifmaecKoS uiKOJibi, apracTOB (jmjiapMOHHH. flexaAa HaiiHOHajibHoro ncicyccTBa, npoBOAHBniaaca b MocKBe, OTpa3HAa 6ypHbift pocT My3biKaAbHoro HCKyccTBa moaoadS pec- nyfiAHKH. CmaHua Hameft P oahhu MocKBa Tenao npuHHMajia nepBbie AOCTHHCeHHH My3bIKaAbHOrO HCKyCCTBa B03pO>KAeHHOrO Ka3axCKO- ro HapoAa. Ha 3aKJHoiHTeJibHOM KOHuepre ACKaAU 23 Maa 1936 r. b Bojib- uioM TeaTpe CoK>3a CCP b npHcyrcTBHH pyKOBOAHTeaefl napTHH h npaBHTeAbCTBa opKecTp^ HapoAHwx HHCTpyMOHTOB noA ynpaBJie- HHeM AxMeTa )Ky6aHOBa hchoahha kioh: «Capu-apKa», «AAafi», «Cepnep», «Baa6pay«», « K o6hk iuauiKaH* KypMaHra3bi, «KocaJiK0» .(I BapnaHr) JJayAerKepea, HapoAHyio necHto « K u3bm 6HAafi»; H3BecrHaa neBHua X^aMaji OMapoBa b conpOBoxmeHHH opKecTpa cneaa necHH «KapaTopraft», «EpTbic» h Apyrae. Ka3axcK»e necHH h kioh, BnepBbie np03By>iaBmne Ha CHeHe BoAbinoro rearpa, nmejm 6ojibinoft ycnex.- ■«ripaBAa» 25 Maa 1936 roAa b CTaTbe «Ka3axcKHfi KOHUepT. b BoAbiuoM TeaTpe* nHcajia: «..JIo3aBqepa BeaepoM mu 6uah

b creriH. B aajm chh&iih CHejKHbie ropbi. CnoKOHHaa, Kan necHa, CTpyw^acb pena. Buji npa3AHHK- Ha njiomaflKe nepeA ayjioM co- SpaaHCb TaAaHTAHBefluiHe neBUbi, My3hiKaHThi, paccKa3<iHKK h raHHopbi Ka3axcKoro napoaa. «Capbi-ApKa» (lUnpoKaa crenb) — ran Ha3UBajiacb necHa, ko Topyio 3aTHHyjiH cMbmKH. My3biKaHTW nrpaAH 6e3 HOT, HO KaK CAHTHO, Bbipa3HT6JIbHO H CB060AH0 3ByHajI OpKCCTp, HCnOAHHBUJHH rieciiH TaAahtahBoro KypMaHra3bi. Bha 3Aecb HanoeHHHH aanaxoM BeTep, mopox bucokoA Tpa- Bbi, necHa BcaAHHKa, 3arepaBmeroca b npocTopax, toaoc pysba H KJieKOT opjia B BblUIHHC. A KorAa My3ukahtm 3aHrpaAn «K o6hk uiauiKaH* h HaA CTenbio noBHCAH rw6KHe AeaH'ibH roAoca, qyTb ropTaHHue h rpyer- Hue, 3axoTeAocb oTucKarb rAa3aMH neBHu,. Ho neBHit noKa He 6biA0. rieAH, noBHHyacb cMbimtaM, y3KoropAtie, BbicymeHHHe COAHlteM CKpHnKH-K06bl3W». rioABOAH HTOra 3aK0H'iHBUieflca ACKa;ibi Ka3axcKoro HCKyccTBa b MocKBe, ra3eTa «H3BecTHa» b CTaTbe ot 24 Man TaioKe OTMe'ia- Aa BWAaiomneca AOCTHJKeHHa apTHCTOB Ka3axcTaHa, b tom hhcAe H MOAOAOTO KOAAeKTHBa OpKeCTpa HapOAHbIX HHCTpyMeHTOB. B CTaTbe TOBOpHAOCb O TOM, HTO «...Ka3axH, BbICOKO FIOAHHB CBOK) My3biKaAbHyio KyAbTypy oCpameHHeM k eBponeficKOMy chmc})ohh- necKOMy opnecTpy, He 3a6pocmiH HapoAHbix HHCTpyMeHTOB. Ha- oCopOT, OHH CoSpa.TH MHOTO pa3HOBHAHOCTett HapOAHbIX HHCTpy­ MeHTOB H C03A3AH CrpoftHblft, 3ByHHblft COAbUlOfl OpKCCTp, CyMeB- niHfl hoa ynpaBAeHHeM AxMeTa JKy6aiiOBa c HecTbio nepeAaTb co cueHbi BoAbuioro Tcaipa h TaxHe npocTbie BemH, KaK AHpHiecKaa HapoAHaa necHa «KpacHaa mneiiHua*, h Tanne CAOWHbie, Tpe6y- romne apKoro My3biKaAbHoro Bupa>KeHHH npoH3BeAeima, KaK npn- TAymeHHaa necHa KypManra3bi «K o6hk iiiauiKaH». BucTynAeHHe opKecTpa Ha AenaAe b BoAbiuoM TeaTpe bahao HOBMe TBOpaeCKHe CHAU H HBHAOCb MOryHHM TOAMKOM AAH AaAb- Heftuiero TBopaecKoro pocTa. BcTpean c pyKOBOAHTeAHMH napTHH h npaBHTeAbCTBa b KpeMAe BOOAynieBHAH koaackthb h HaBcerAa OcTaAHCb AoporHM BocnoMHHaHHeM AAA Bcex ero yqaCTHHKOB. • Pa6oTHHKH HCKyccTBa h KyAbTypbi Ka3axcTaHa, noKHAaa poA- Hyio MocKBy, 6a aroAaphah napTHio h npaBHTeAbCTBO sa OTeaec- Koe BHHMaHHe, 3a coBeTbi h yKa3aiiHa h a 3ah odemaHHe OTAan> Bee CBOH CHAbI COUHaAHCTHMCCKOMy CTpOHTeAbCTBy AAH TOTO, HTO- 6bi noAHHTb HCKyccTBo Ka3axcT3Ha ao ypoBim KyAurypU nepe- AOBbix HapoAOB CoBeTCKoro CoK>3a. • OpKecTp HMeHii Ka3UHKa no B03BpameHHH c AeKaAW Ka3ax- ckoto HCKyccTBa no npocbCe TpyAHLUHxca asa paA KonuepTOB b AKrio6nHCKe, KycTaHae, KaaiA-OpAe h Apyrnx o&iacTHux h pafl- ohhux ueHTpax pecnyO.'iHKH. Bee KOHuepTu npoxoAHAH c OoAbiuHM ycnexoM.

3 Hoa6pa 1936 roAa nocTaHOBJieHHeM UeHTpa.it.Horo HcrioA- HHTenbHoro Komhtcta Ka3axckofi ACGP 6hao npacBoeHo no'ier- Hoe 3B3HHC 3acJiyjKeniioro apTHera pecnyfijiHKH: pyKOBOAHrcAio HaitHOHaJibHorg opKecrpa HMeHH Ka3UHKa — Axmery }Ky6ano- sy, cojtncTaM opKecrpa — yaxany KaOHrowHHy u JlyanaHy My- xHTOBy. CpejB apracTOB HaiwoHaAbHoro-opKecTpa ohh 6ij.hi nep- BblMH, IbH AOCTHJKeHHH 6LIJilt BbICOKO OUeHeHbl My31.1KaJlbH0ll OfilUeCTBeHHOCTblO. • riocjie ycneumoro BbicrynaeHHH Ha j«Ka,ne K33axcKoro hc- KyccTBa b MocKBe nepea opKeerpoM Bciaan HOBbie 3aaaiH, ot npa- BHJIbHOro pa3peUieHHH KOTOpblX- BO MHOTOM 3aBHCejlH aaJlbHefilHHe ycnexH TaaaHWiHBoro KOJiJieKTHBa. Ecjih ao AenaAbi b MocKBe opnecrp hciioahha napoAiibie nec- hh h KioH Ce3 hot — no cjiyxy, to tiocjie aeKaau orpanHHHTbCft 3THM y>Ke 6bIA0 HCJIL3H. HyWlIO 6td.no peiHHTeAbHO HOAHHTb 06- myio My3UKa.ibHyio KyjibTypy opnecTpa, a or HcnoAHeHna neceH h Kioen no naMHTH, Ha cayx, nepeftra k oiwiaAeHHio hothoS rpa- MOToft. BnepBMe 3a bcio MHOroBexoByio HCTopmo xasaxcxoft My- 3HKH HapOAHbie KIOftlHH H K06bI3HCTbI AOJDKHLI 6LOTHnOAHSITbCSt AO HcnoAHeHHH AyquiHx o6pa3HOB pyccKOii h MHpoBoft My3UKaJibHo(i KAaCCHKH C TeM, HT06« Ha 3TO0 OCHtJBe pa3BHTb Ka3axcKoe HC- KyCCTBO AO BbICOKOrO ypOBHH KyAbTypbl nepe/lOBHX HapOAOB Co- BeTCKoro Coi03a. 3to BCTpeTHJio ‘conpoTHBJieHHe co cTopoHN 6ypwya3Hbix Ha- UHOHa.IHCTOB, nblTaBHIHXCH 3aAep)«aTb KyjlbTypilblH pOCT Hapoaa h pa3BHTHC HaitHOHajihtioro MysbiKaAbHoro HcxyccTBa no nyra co- UHaAHCTHiecKoro peadiH3Ma. HeKOTopue tfleareJiH* cmhtbjih, hto OpKeCTp AOAHCeH OrpaHHHHTbCH TOAbKO Ka3aXCKHMH HapOAHblMH KIOHMH, HTHOpHpya npOH3BeABHHH pyCCKHX H COBeTCKHX K0MfI03H- Ho opnecTp He nornea no sroMy onacHOMy h BpeAno.\\iy ana xa3axcKoro HCKycctBa nyro Hau.HOHa.ii.Hoft orpaHHaeHHOCTH. ripa cpH.iap.MOHHH Bcxope 6btAa 003AaHa My3biKaAbHaa cTyAHa, u op- KecTpaHTbl c HHTepecoM HauaJiH mynan My3biKaAbHyio rpaMOTy. Ko AHio npaaanoBaHHH XX toaobiahhu BejiHKoft OKTH6pbCKofi COUHajIHCTHieCKOft peBOAIOKHH OpKeCTp C fiOAMUHM ycneXOM HC- noAHHA (jiparMeHTbi H3 onepu «PycJiaH h JlioAMHJia* M. H. Tahh- kh h «My3biKaAbHbift MOMeHT* <l>. IUy6epTa. TaKHM o6pa30M, c 1937 roAa HaanHaerca HOBbift nepnoA b hc- TopHH opKecTpa — nepapA OBAaAeBaHHa. hotho0 rpaMOToft h nepe- xoAa k HcnoAHeHHio npoH3BeAeHHfi pyccxoft h 3anaAHoft My3biKa.ib- HOfi KAaCCHKH. ripH opraHH3aitHH KaaaxcKoro HapoAHoro opKecrpa b ero co- CT3B 6bIAH BBeACHbl HHCTpyMeHTbl, KOTOptie CUHTHAHCb HaHOOjICC anpo6HpoBatiHhiMn, cnoco6mjMH yAOBAeTBopHTb cepbe3HtJM xy- AOWeCTBeHHblM Tpe60BaHHHM. Ho TCXHHKa Hrpw Ha 06bWHbIX

cbi6bJ3rw h Ko6ti3e He 6bijia ocBoeHa b flocTaToiHofi Mepe, aa h CaMH 3TH HHCTPyMeHTbl OT.rtHqa.nHCb TOr.Ha Cojlbmofl npHMHTHB- HocTbio. rio3TOMy fljifl noaaepwxH rpynnu ko6bi30b h ycHaeHHa cbi6bi3rbi ObijiH BBe.ieHij HHcrpyMeHTW chM<poiiH>iecKoro opxecT- pa — cKpHnKH, KJiapHeTbi, (pjiefiTU h ro6oH, hto b Hexoiopoft cteneHH pacuiHpHao h o6orarH.no Bbipa3HTejibHbie bo3Mo* hocth Ka3axcKoro opKecTpa h npH6/iH3Hao ero k HcnoaHeiiHX) npOH3Be- nem R CHMtpoHHqecxoro xapaxTepa. Oanaxo HeaxoHOMHOe hc- noJib30BaHHe HHcrpyMeHTOB cHMipOHii'iecKoro opKecTpa npHBeao k TOMy, hto AepeBHiinbie ayxoBbie HHCTpyMeHTbi craaH saraymaTb cjiaCoe 3ByiaHHe aoM6p h ko6u30B, b CHay qero opkecTp Tepaa TeMfipoByio cneuactjHHHOCTb h, HauHOHaabHoe cBoeoCSpasae, cboA- CTBeHHoe Ka3axCKofi HHcTpyMeHTaabiiOH HapoaHoft My3bixe. Ilo- 3T0My B 1940 TOfly CHMCpOHHieCKHe HHCTPyMeHTbl 6bIAH BblKAK)- MeHi.i H3 cocTaBa Ka3axcKoro opxecTpa. C 1938 roaa b HaunonajibHOM opxeorpe naqaa paSoTaTb b xa- qeCTBe anpHixepa JlarhKp A 6ayaxaeBHq XaMHAH. 3acjiyjKeHHbifi aefrreab HCKyccTB Ka3axcxoft CCP JlaTbitj) A6- ayjixaeBHq XaMHxu ponuncx b 1906 roay. B 1931 rosy oxomna nepBufl MocxobcxhA My3biKajibHbifi TexHHKyM, a b 1938 roay Ta- xapcKyio onepHyio cryaHio MockobckoA KOHcepBaTopHH no xaac- cy KOMnosHUHH npotjieccopa T. H. JIkthhckoto. TBopqecxaa aeaTeabHOCTb J l. XauuAK b Ka3axcraHe nawHHaeT- ca c 1938 roaa. B AaMa-ATe Jl. XaMHaH paOoraer pyxoBoaHTeaeM My3UKaabHofi aacTH h KoMno3HTopoM Ka3axcKoro AxaaeMHqecxo- ro TeaTpa apaMbi h nniner My3uxy k apaManiqecKHM cnex- TaWIHM. Hapaay oo cBoeft TBopqecxofl aeaTeabHOCTbio Jl. XaMHaH ax- thbho yqacTByeT b MHoroo6pa3Hofi My3uxaJibH0ft jkh3hh AaMa- Atu. Oh opraHH30Baa chm<Pohhmcckhh opxecTp h Miiororoaoc- Hbifi xop npH pecny6anxaHcxoM pannoxoMHTeTe. y * e b nepBbie roan cBoefl paOora b Ka3axcTaHe xoMno3HTop Jl. XaMHaH 3anHcaa MHojxecTBO xa3axcxnx HapoaHHx neceH h KK>eB. Bojibmyx) qacTb H3 hhx oh o6pa6oTaa aah roaoca, xopa h opxecTpa xa3axcxHx HapoaHbix HHCTpyMeHTOB. Ilepy xoMno3HTopa npHHaanescaT aee onepu ( b coaBTopcrBe c A. XCyCanoBbiM), My3bixa x KHHOc{)HAbMaM h Coabiuoe xoanqe- ctbo neceH h poMaHcoB. CoBMecTHo c KOMno3HTopaMH E. Bpy- cHaoBcxHM h M. Tyae6aeBbiM oh 6h a oahhm- H3 co3aaTeaeft To- cyaapcTBeHHoro rHMHa Ka3axcxoft CCP. B roaw yqe<5hi b nepBOM Mockobcxom My3bixaabHOM TexHHXy- Me cTyaeHTu xoMno3«Topcxoro OTaeaeHHa b o6a3aTeabHOM no- paaxe npoxoaHan HHcrpyMeHTOBeaeHHe h opxecTpoBxy no pyc- ckhm HaponubiM HHCTpyMeHTaM. Bbia npH TexHHxyMe raxwe cry- aeHqecxHH opxecTp pyccxax HapoaHbix HHCTpyMeHTOB. Axthbhoc yqacTHe B HeM npnHHMaa h JlaThiij) XaMHaH. PyxoBoaaa 3thm 26

3aCny3KCHHHH ACHTc-nb ncxyccTa KaaCCP komihwhtop Jl. A. X amh a it

OpKeerpOM H3BeCTHblfi 3IIU10K pyCCKHX HapOflHblX HHCTpyMeilTOB AneKcaHAP CepreeBim Hjiioxiih. B My3biKaAbH0M TexiiHKy.Me Jl. XaMHAH nojiyuHJi y A. C. UnioxHHa npaKTHnecKHe HaBbiKH h 3H3HHH B 06jiaCTH HHCTpyMeHTOBeAeHHH H OpKeCTpOBKH pyCCKHX Hapo^Hhix HHCTpyMeHTOB. 3 tot oribiT h npaKTHKa oieHb noMorjiH Jl. XaMHAH b pafiore c Ka3axcKHM opKecTpoM. K MOMBHTy npHxofla Jl. XaMHAH b kojuickthb b penepTyape opKeerpa HMejIOCb A'HIUbTpHAUaTb-- COpOK KIOeBH K33aXCKHXna- poAHbix neceH, HcnonHHBuiHxcn no cjiyxy, a Taxwe necHH coBeT- ckhx K0Mn03HT0p0B h HecKOJibKO npoH3BeAeHHii pyccKofi h 3anaA- HOft miaCCHKH, KOTOpble OpKCCTp HCnOJIHHJI B HOTHOfl 3anHCH. itnpH>Kep-KOMno3HTop Jl. XaMHAH Hanan cboio pafioTy c ne- pejioweHHH Ann opnecTpa Ka3axcKHx KioeB, neceH HapoAOB CCCP. Jinn BbinaneHHH, 3anncH h o6pa6oTKn MajioH3BecrHux KioeB Jl. XaMHAH Chino co3naHo HeOoAbinoe TBopnecicoe napo H3 moao- ahx h cnocoPHbix opKecTpaHTOB (>Kannac6aeB, KyiueK6aeB, Ka- jiaMCaea h Ap.) . B peayjibTaTe coBMecTHoft paCo-ru Jl. XaMHAH 3a- nncan pnA KioeB, a KanaMCaeB, JKannacfiaeB, KywenCaeB crann K0MKIO3HT0paMH-MeA0AHCTaMH. TaKHM o6pa30M, H3 MHCA3 aprac- tob opKecTpa BnepBHe BbiABHraioTcn MOAOAbie KOMno3Hxopbi-Me- AOAHCTbl, KOTOpble BnOCJieACTBHH CTAAH C03AaB3Tb My3bIKaAbHhie \"npoH3BeACHHH AJia CBoero opKecTpa. TaK 6UAH o6pa6oraHu h nepenojKeHN aah opKecTpa kioh Cefi- TeKa «3aMaH-aii», «Bec KU3», «Aft KaiibiH» h HapoAHue kioh « K enHHiueK», «KapaHCopra». HecMorpn Ha HexoTopyio npHMHTHB- HOCTb HHCTpyMeHTOBKH, Jl. XaMHAH yAajIOCb C03AaTb He(50AbIUHe napTHTypu, b Kofopux coxpaHHnacb uenocraocTb kioh h ero xy- AoiKecTBeHHoe CBoeo6pa3He. C TeieimeM BpeMeim opxecTp nepemen k ocBoeHHio h fiojiee CJIOJKHUX My3bIKaAbHUX npOH3BeAeHHft K0MtIO3HT0p0B-KJiaCCHK0B h coBeTCKHx KOMno3HT%poB KaaaxcTana. C 1938 roAa HaiHHaeT AHpuJKiipoBaTb op.KecrpoM KOMno3HTop- MejiOAHCT MaAHK JKannacSaeB. B sth toah oh cran HcnoAHflTb «Ka3axcKHii Mapm» A. B. 3aTaeBHna h ABe oftHoaKTHue My- 3biKanbHbie nbecu Ann xopa h HannoHasibHoro opKecrpa — «Canu» A. JKyGanoBa h «CeiiTCK» C. KymeKCaeBa h C. H. Ula- (SeAbCKoro. Jl. XaMHAH MHoro nopaCoTan h HaA noBbuneHHeM KBaAHijwKa- uhh apTHCTOB opKecTpa. HapnAy c o6yqeHHeM hothoB rpaMore oh npoBOAHA KanJieKTHiiHbie h rpynnoBue 3aHHTHH arpu no HOTaM. B-naroAapn 3T0My BtjpaCaTbmanacb KynbTypa opKecTpoBoro aH- CaMOAH, TOHHOCTb H 'IHCTOTa CTpOH, Bbtpa3HTeAbHOCTb eAHHOrO uiTpHxa h ofimeft ahh3mhkh. B AexaCpe 1939 roAa b AjiMa-Are npoxoAHAa AenaAa coBeT- CKOfl My3UKH C UlHpOKHM nOK330M AOCTH5KCHH0 COBeTCKOH My- 3bIK8AbHOB KyAbTypM. Bo BpCMH ABKaAU Ha KpynKUX npOMUUIAeH-

hwx npeanpHHTHHx h b yweSiibix 3aoe,aeiiHHx AiiMa-Ara 6biJiH npoqHTaHbi jieKUHH h AouiaAbi. B (Jiofie Ka3axcKo8 cjiHJiapMOHHH 6ttna opraHHaoBawa BbicraBKa. Ha AeKajie HcnojiHHiiHCb npon3- BeaeHHa KpynHoro cHMijxiHHqecKoro njiaiia — naTaa chmiJiohhh A. UIocTaKOBHHa, BTopaa chmcJiohhh JX. KafiajieBCKoro, chmiJiohhh «TypKcH(5» M. IIlTcftHfiepra, Ka3axcKaa ciOHTa J I . XaMHAH h C. UlafiejibCKoro, «Ka3axcKaa CHM$OHHa» A. 3ajib6epa. ycneuiHO BbicTynaji h opaecTp' HMeHH Ka3U,HKa. B ero pe- nepTyape 6bijw HapOAiiue neciiii H kioh. «Ka3axcTaHCKaa npaBAa* 27 AeKa6pa 1939 roAa b cTaibe «AeKaAa coBeTCKoft My3UKH b AiiMa-ATe» OTMCia.ia: «...OpKeCTp Ka3axcKHx nauHOHajibntJx HHCTpyMeHioB noA ynpaBJieHHeM A«pn- wepa-KOMno3HTopa J I . XaMHAH Hcnojnwji 3aMeqaTeJibHue kioh K33aXCKHX HapOAHUX KOMn03HTOpOB A hhh HypneacoBoS h Ceft- TeKa. 06pa6oTaHHbie ajih opKecrpa, kioh nposByqajiH c 6ojibuio8 BHyTpeHHefi CHJI08 H MiyOoKHM HyBCTBOM. Ycnex HM&HH neCHH MOJioAbix Ka3axcKHx KOMno3HTopoB JKannac6aeBa h KyiueKCaeBa1 («M aS ryjiH* h «IlpHBer»)». B 1940 roAy opKecTp noA pyKOBOACTBOM J I . XaMHAH racTpoiin- poBa.a b CTCWiHue 6paTCKo8 KnprH3CKofi CCP OpyH3e h b o6- AacTHHx ropOAax Ka3axcTana. Ero nonyjiapHOCTb pocjia c Ka*- AbiM AHeM. KoJiaeKTHB npoAOJiwaA HeycTaHHO nooLimarb cBoe HcnoAHHTenbCKoe MacTepcTBo. B 3to BpeMH oh Hawaii pa3ywHBaTb Ooiibuiyio nHTHwacTHyio cioHTy A. >Ky6aH0Ba «A6a8», HanncaH- Hyio cnetiHaAbHo juia opKecTpa. B cHMifoHHiecKOH cioHTe «A6aA» KOMnosiiropy yAaiiocb cowe- TaTb CJIOJKHOCTb OpKeCTpOBOft (JiaKTypbl c UIHpOKHM pa3BHTHCM coiibHux napTHft. A btop cyMen noKa3aTb SoraTCTBO Bhipa3HTeiib- HblX B03M0JKH0CTefi AOMSpbl H Ko6bI3a K COSAaTb npOH3BeACHHH, OTAHqaiOmHeCH nOAJIHHHO HaUHOHaAbHbIM XapaKTepOM. PaOoTa HaA ciohto8 A. >Ky6 aHcma «A6aft» cBHAQTeiibCTBOBaiia o tom, wto opnecTp BiuioTHyio noAomeji k ocBoeiiHio h nponaraH- Ae npoH3BeABHHfi KpynHoro CHMipoimwecKoro miaHa, b Korophix HauHOHaiibHbie waHpu Ka3axcKo8 HHCTpyMeHTaiibHoS KyjibTypbi oOoramaiOTCH aocthhcbhhhmh My3UKaAbHofl KJiaccHKH h TBopqe- CTBa COBCTCKHX KOMn03HTOpOB. Tax c KawAUM idaom HenpepbiBHO poc h coBepmeHCTBOBajica BCBOeM HCnOiJHHTCilbCKOM MBCTBpCTBC ItepBhlB Ka3aXCKHft HaUHO- uaiibHbiH opnecTp HapoAHbix HHcrpyMeHTOB, OKa3biBaa saMemoe bjihhhhc Ha AaiibHeniuee pa3BHTHe 6oraroft h CBoeo6pa3Hofl My- 3hiKajibHoii KyjibTypu Ka3axcKoro HapoAa. 1 Moaomue XHpmKepu opKecrpa M. >Kannac6aeB, T. MaTOB, apracr op- Kecrpa C. Kymex6aeB. repoHiecKH cpamaacb c iicmcukhmh aaxBaniHKaMH, naan na (JipoHTax BeaHKOfi OTeqecTBeHHOfi boRhu. 29

B EOPbEE 3A HCIIOJlHHTEJlbCKOE JWACTEPCTBO BejiHKan OTeuecTBeHHan BoiiHa CoBercKoro Coio3a npoTHB HeMenKoro $aiiiH3Ma Gbuia HeBHflaHHWM b hctophh qejiOBenecTBa npiiMepoM BceoSmeft Mo6H.iH3au.HH MaTepnajitHux h ayxobhhx chji Harnero Hapoua. BMecre c CoBeTCKoS ApMHeft Ha 3aujHTy Ore- lecTBa noAHHJicH Becb Hapofl. CoBercKKe juoah caMOOTBepweHHO padorajw b Tbuiy h repoHueCKH cpawaAHCb Ha 4>poHTax BoftHbi, c KaxtnbiM AHeM noAroroBjiaa h npHdjiiDKaa BceMHpHo-HcropH'ie- CKyio no6eAy. STOMy djiaropoAHOMy AeJiy cJiywiuio b nepHOA BOiiHbi H Bee COBeTCKoe HCKyCCTBO. B THweJiue roAbi BeJiHKoft OTe'iecTBeHHoft b o h h u uiHpoKO pa3BepHyjiacb KyjibTypHO-mecficKaH padoia AeaT&nefl CoBercKoro HCKyccTBa b rocnHTaJiHx h b b o h h c k h x uacTax CoBeTCKOii A p m h h . CoBeTCKHe apTHCTbi, My3biKaHTbi, HcnojiHernibie ropaaeft akdCb h k aaiUHTHHKaM PoAHHbl, BbTCTynailH BO 4*pOHTOBUX 3eMJlHHKaX, B 6oAbHOTHbix naaaTax, b HoMax CoBeTCKOft ApMHH. AKTHBHoe yqacTHe b me$CKHx KOHuepTax pjin CoBercKoft Ap- mhh npHHHMaji h opKecTp hmohh KypMaHra3bi. BMeCTe C TeM He npexpamaAKCb KOHuepniue BwcTyiuieHHa opxecTpa hmohh Kyp- MaHra3H b Ka3axcKoft (JwjiapMOHHH, Ha 3aBOAax, (JjadpHKax, b KOJixo3ax h coBX03ax Hamefl pecny6jiHKH. HecMOTpa Ha orpoMHbie TpyAHOCTH, He«36ewHbie b odcraHOB- Ke BoeHHoro BpeMeHH, djiaroAapa pyKOBOACTBy napraH h npa- BHreJibcrea coBercKoe HCKyccTBO npoAOJwajio pacrH h pasBHBaTb* ca. npoAOA)KaA coBepmeHCTBOBarbCii h Ka3axcKHH opxecTp HapoA- h m x HHCTpyMeHTOB, HecMQTpfl Ha t o , h t o HeKOTOpwe BeAyuwe apTHCTbi opKecTpa yrnan Ha $poHT a na 3anwTH P oahhm. flepeA (JiHJiapMOHHeft BCTaJia 3aAaia — cpouHO noArotoBHTb

HOBbie Kajipu aasi opKecTpa, MaaeiouiHO hotiioR rpaMOTOR h Tex- hhkoR Hrphi Ha napoAnux HHcrpyMeHTax. JXnn stoR ucah 6waa npHBJieHeHa TaaaHTAHBah MoaoaejKb, opraHH30BaHa cryaHH aah nOflrOTOBKH MOAOAUX apTHCTOB opKecTpa. 3aHHTHH no' HOTHOH rpaMOTe h opKeerpoBoR nrpe 6ujih nopynenu Jl. X smhah. BMeere c hhm BocnHTaHHeM h noaroTOBKofi MOJioaux My3w- KaHTOB MHoro h ycneuiHo 3aHHMajiHCb Beaymne MacTepa — 3Ha- TOKH Ka3aXCK0H My3HKH H TajiaHTJIHBbie BHpTy03bI-Hcn0JIHHT&/IH AomOphctu KaaH JKainvieyoB, JlyxnaH MyxHTOB h Ko6hi3HCT Cannae KaaaMtiaeB. TaKHM o6pa30M, 3a aoboabho kopotkhh cpoK b cocraB opue- CTpa BJiHAocb 6oaee aecHTKa hobhx MyabiKaHToB, OBJiaaeBiiiHx 3AeMOHTapHbIM 3H3HHGM OpKeCTpOBOrO HCIIOAHeHHH. HecMOTpa Ha pna TpyaHocTefi, kojiackthb HeyoTaHHO oCora- maa cboh penepTyap. K BecHe 1941 roaa oh noarOTOBHJi HOByio nporpaMMy, b KOTopyio -boluah «PoHap» MonapTa, awrpaKT H3 oriepu «KapM6H» 5H3e, TaHeu H3 «Po3aMyHAH» h Bajibc LIIy6ep- Ta ( b ncpejioMieiiHH Jl. XaMHAH), a TaioKe cioma «A6afi» h «Mapm naMaTH KypMaHra3bi> A. JKyOanoBa. B 3th roabr opKecTp pa3aeAHAca Ha rpynnu, KOTOpue pa3T>e3- wajiH c KOHuepTaMH no K0AX03aM, coBX03aM h KpynHbiM npoMbiui- achiium npeanpHHTHaM KasaxcraHa. B penepiyape 6hah Ka3ax- CKHe HapoaHbie necuH h kioh. B cypoBbie aHH BeAHKofi OreieCTBeHHoR boRhh 3a bucokhp o6pa3au TBopiecKoro h HcnoAHHTeabCKoro Tpyaa YKasoM ripe3H- anyMa BepxoBHoro CoBera Ka3CCP\" or 18 aBrycra 1942 roaa ap- THCTy KaaH JKaHTaeyoBy h KOMno3HTopy-aHpHJKepy JlaThitjiy XaMHAH OblAO npHCBOeHO 3B3HH6 3aCAJOKeHHOrO apTHCTa Ka33X- CKOfl CCP. B KOHixe 1942 roaa Ha nocTOHHHyro paOory b opKecrp Gk a npHraameH raaBHbifl anpawep Ka3roc(})HAapMOHHH hmohh jjwaM- 6yaa Jl. M. IUapropoacKnfl. Zlo pafioTbi b opKecfpe napoaHbix HHcrpyMeHTOB oh HeoAHOKpaTHO BcrpeqaacH c sthm koaaokthbom* b qacrHOCTH, AHpHjKHpoBan. oaHoaKTHbiMH My3bJKaAbHbJMH m>eca- mh «Capw* A. JKySaHOBa, «CefireK» G. KynjenSaeBa h C. 111a- 6eabCKoro h apyrHMH. Bo BpeMH OTenecTBeHHOft bohhm h b nocaeBoeHHbie roan ne- peaoHceHHH, TpaHCKpHnnHH KJiaccHMecKHx npoHSBeaeHBfi' cocxaBJin- k)t ocHOBHyio HacTb penepTyapa opKecrpa. MHoroe b stoR o6aa- ctm caenaan anpHScep Jl, M. IUapropoacKHfi u komho3htop C, H, UlafieabCKHH. KoMno3HTop Cepreft HBaHOBHi IIIaCcAbCKHfi hbahach oaHHM H3 cTapeflniHx aeHTeaefi My3biKaAbHofl Kyabtypw CoBercKoro Ka­ saxcraHa. C. IlIafieAbCKHft poAHACH b 1885 roay b XapbKOBe b ceMbe aABOKaTa. My3biKaAbHoe o6pa30BaHHe oh noayqHa b rie- TepOypre, saHHMaHCb no TeopnH. My3biKH y H3bccthhx b to BpeMH

3acjiy*emiiia aeaTeab HCKycCTB KasCCP anpimep JI. M. UlapropoacKHH.

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KOMnosMTopa H. MepenHHHa h npo<j>eccopa H. CoKcuioBa. B 1920 roay hm 6biJi HanHcaH paa HHCTpyMeHTaabHbix h BOKaabHux npoH3BefleHHii, a Taxwe 6buin H3aanbi HecKonbKO ero pomshcob Ha TeKCTbF M. JlepMOHTOBa h A. Toac-roro. B 1930 roay Cepreft HBaHOBHq LUaCe-'ibcKHii npnexaa b AaMa- ATy. Oahhm H3 nepBbix My3hiKajibHUx npoH3BeaeiiHH, uanHcaHHbix b A-raa-Are, 6h ji *Mapui TypKCH6a», nocBameHHbift oTKpbmno TypKecraHO-CH6HpcKofl jKeae3H0ft aoponp B 1933 r. C. H. IHaCeAbCKHfl craa My3UKajibHUM pyKOBOflHTe- JieM Ka3axciforo AKaaeMHiecKoro reaTpa apa/uu. 3aecb, b xa3ax- ckom TeaTpe apaMbi, C. H. IIIaSeAbcxHil BnepBbie Hawnaer nn- caTb, BHa'iajie b coaBTopcTBe c komiicohtopom JL Xbmhah, a b AajibHefiuicM — caMOcroarejibHO, My3MKy k Ka3axcKHM nbecaM. B nooieayioiiuie roan Cepreii Hb3hobhh UIa6ejibCKHH 3anHCbi- Baer, o6pa6aTbiBaeT h rapMOHH3HpyeT aaa cwthctob h xopa paa Ka3axcKHx HapoAHbix neceH, a raxace o6pa6aTbtBaer necHH CeMH- peieHCKHX K33aKOB, KOTOpue c ycnexoM HcnojiHHJiHCb b Ka3ax- CKofi rocyaapcTBemiofi (jjHjiapMOHHH HMeHH JlwaMOyjia. B roabi Be.iHKoii OTeqecTBeHHofi bohhu C. H. IIIaSejibCKHH C03AaeT HeCKOJIbKO KaMepHbIX, XOpOBNX H CHM(|)OHH«eCKHX npo- H3BeAeHHft, Aaa 4>opTenHaHHbix Tpno, nocBsuueHHbix AMaiirejibAbf h A6aio, croHTy ana cTpyHHoro KBapTeTa h paa Apyrnx cohh- HeilHH. Ha ocHOBe H3yqeHHa HcnoAHHteAbcxHx bo3mo;khoctgh nami- OHaabHoro opuecrpa C. H. IilaSejibcKHfl h Jl. M. llIapropoacKHfi nepeaojKHAH a a a Hero p aa npoH3BeaeHHfl KAaccHXOB, xorapbie c ycnexoM HcnoAHHWTca ao HacToamero BpeMeiiH. Hapaay c KAaccniecKHMH npoH3BeaeHnaMH 6uah nepeaoweHta Taxwe pyccKHe, yxpaHiicxHe, Ka3axcKHe, OeaopyccKHe, rpy3HHCKHe, apMaHCKHe, AHTOBCKHe, noabCKHe HapoAHue necHH h apan H3 onep komiio3htopob KaaaxeraHa. Jliipawep opKecrpa Jl. M. IUapropoacKHft c Haqa.na paScrrhi HenpepbiBHo a&n c kojuiqkthbom He tojibxo anpHacepcxyio, ho h neaarorHaecKyio pa6oTy. OHa Bbipawaaacb b noBuuieHHH My3U- KajIbHblX 3H3HHH OpKeCTpaHTOB, OSlUeH CAaJKeHHOCTH, HHCTOTbl HH- TOHaUHH, B paCKpHTHH HAefiHO-XyaOJKeCTBeHHOrO COaepwaHHH npoH3BeaeHHH, aocTn«eH«a HcnoaHHtejibcKoro MacrepcTBa koa- JieKTHBa. riOCTOaHHble pyKOBOAHTeAH OpKeCTpa A. JKySaHOB H Jl. M. IIIapropoacKHi? nepea TeM, xax npHcrymiTb k nayqeHHio My3biKaabHoro npoH3BeaeHHH, (5yab sto liapoAHbifl moil, necHa hah npoH3BeaeiiHe KaaccHKOB, 3H3KOMHAH HcnoAHHteAefi c ero co- aepwaHHeM, CTpoeHHeMh Haefinoft HanpaBAeHHOCTbw. Baarcaapa 3ToMy y aHcaM6aa co3aaBaaocb 6oaee rayOoxoe h ueabHoe npea- CTaBaeHHe o cymHOCTH Toro hah hhoto npoH3BeaeHHa, xapairrepe . ero HcnoAHeHHH. Jlnuib nocae sToro opxecTp npHCTynaa k pa3y- HHBaHHio no napTHHM h b HX rpynnnpoBKe b o6iuh0 aHcaMfiab. 34

PyKOBoziHTGJiH opKecTpa, npopaSaxhiBasi napTwrypy npoH3Be- jieHHH Ha peneTHUHH, npHynajiH opKecTpaHTOB wiymaTb Apyr apy- ra, copa3MepHTb cwiy aByaaiiHa, <})pa3HpoBKy a eoteTaHHe ot- AejIbllhlX HHCTpyMeHTOB B CTpOftllUft aHCaM&flb. TaKHM 06pa30M, pyKOBOflHTejIH AOfiHBajIHCb MOHOAHTHOCTH, HeByqeCTH, eAHHOro 3By>iaHHH opKecTpa. Bee sto BocnHTbiBaao apTHCTOB, pacuiHpsuio hx HcnoaHHieabCKHft Kpyroaop, npayiaao hx npu HenojiHeHHH OTAeJibHbix napTHfi npoHHKaTbCH coAepwaHHeM napTHTypu b ue- JIOM, OCOfieHHOCTHMH CTHAH My3bIKH pa3AHHHUX 3nOX, 1UKOA H OTAeJIbHbIX KOM1103HTOpOB. 1944 toa b TBopaecKOft jkh3hh KOJiaeKTHBa 6bui\" oTMeaen ABy- MH SHaMeHaTeabHblMH coShthamh. B iJeBpaJie— MapTe STOro roAa b CTOJiHue fipaTCKoft y3(5eK- CKofl pecny&iHKH TamKeHre cocTOHJiacb AexaAa coBercKoft My3bi- kh CpeAHea3HaTCKHX pecnyfi/iHK h Ka3axcTaHa. Ona npoAeMon* CTpupoBaJia orpoMHue ycnexH b pa3BHTHH HauHOHajibHOfi My3bi- KaJibHofl KyAbTypbi, Aocrarayrae b y36eKHCTaHe, KasaxeraHe, TaAWHKHCTaHe, TypKMeHHH h KxprH3HH. Ha 3TOft AeKaAe OparcKHe pecny6jiHKn CpeAHefi A3hh o6Me- HHAHCb CBOHMH TBopieCKHMH AOCTHWeHHHMH 3a BpeMH OrCieCT- BeHHOH BOHHbl H liaMeTHJIH nyTH AaJIblieHUierO pa3BHTHH COBeT- CKOro HauHOHajibHoro HCKyccTBa. 25 (|>eBpajiH coctohaocb TopwecTBeHaoe oTKpbrrae AexaAbi b- (iojibiuoM 3ajie TaiuKeHTCKoro onepHoro TeaTpa hmchh CBepA- JlOBa. HapHAy C APyTHMH MySWKaAbHblMH KOAAeKTHBaMH Bbl- CTynHA h opKecTp HMenH Ka3l_lHKa. B ero nporpaMMe 6uah npoH3BeAeHHH coBeTCKHX komitoshtopob h Ka3axcKas HapoAHaa HyabiKa. 06 opKeeTpe hmchh KasUHKa h ero BbicryruieHHax b c6opHH- xe CTarefl «riyTH pa3BHTna y36eKCK0ft My3UKH> mm wHTaeM: «...HaH6ojiee cHJibnoe xyaowecnieHHoe BneaaTJieHHe npoH3Beji Ka3aXCKH0 HaHHOHaJIbHblfl OpKecTp, KOTOpbIM pyKOBOAHT. A xmct JKyOaHOB. ripaBO, MHe HenoiiHTHM nocbuiaKHiuiecH HHorAa sroMy aHcaMCak>ynpeKH b HeAociaTomio CucTpoM ocbochhh hobhx hh- CTpyMeHTOB. MowHO AH CHHTaTb HenpejIOJKHOft HeH36eWHOCTb BKAlOqeHHB B aHCaM6Ab BCCX HMdOWHXCH HapOAIlblX HHCTpyMeHTOB H Heo6xOAHMOCTb CpoqHO peKOHCTpyHpOBaTb KajKAblH 6MTylOmH0 B HapOAO My3bIKaAbHblfl HHCTpyMeHT, eCAH OH B CBOeM BHAe He Mower 6uTb HcnoAb30BaH b opuecTpe? Taxoe noaowemie cnopHO. Bo3mowho, it o y xaaaxcKoro HapoAa mojkho Ha0th ewe pna HHCTpyMeHTOB, KOTOpbte MOiyT 6hlTb OCBOCHiJ B yWe CAaWeHHOM HaiiHOHaAbHOM aHcaM6Ae. Ho opKecTp H b HacroHmeM CBoeM co- CTaBe npeACTaBAHCT co6ofl HCKAioqHTeAbHyio xyAowecTBeHHyio ueHHocTb. 3aHHMaa b pa3BHTHH Ka3axcKoro HcxyccTBa MecTo, aHaAorHMHoe pyccKOMy opKecrpy hmchh AHApeeBa, naaaxckhh aH- caMCjib HMeeT ewe Ty ueHHyjo oco6eHHOCTb, hto HaAHiue cMU'iKa

Ko6u3a a aer eMy AonoaHHTeabHbie TeMCpoBue h HcnoaHHTeab- CKHe B03M0XH0CTH, CBOftCTBeHHbie CMblHROBOMy UITpHXy. rljieHHJIH B BhlCTynJieHHH aHCaM6jIH AHHaMH'iecKaH qeTKOCTb, HejKHbie, T0HKH6 TeMfipOBbie OKpaCKH, MaCTepCTBO apTHCTOB, cpe- AH KOTopbix BbiAe-’injiacb pyKOBO^amaa rpynna ko6h30b I\\ Baa3H- BbicoKoe scTeTHiecKoe yAOBaerBopeHHe AocraBHao HcnoaHe- HHe aHcaMfiaeM ckihth >Ky6aHOBa «A6 afi» h kioh * A a a S » Kyp- Manra3bi»‘. Bee 3ro CBHAeTeabCTBOBaao o tom, hto TBopiecKaa jeaTejib- HocTb opnecTpa HapoAHbix HHCTpyMeHTOB HMeHH KasUHKa pa3- BHBaJiacb no npaBHAbHOMy nyra h HMeaa BaxHoe 3HaaeiiHe b 060- rameHHH HaunoHaabHoii MyauKajibiioii KyjibTypw. Aenajia, npomeAiiiaa b aTMOC<J>epe TecHoft ApyxObi HapoAOB, noxaaajia CoraTCTBo Kpacox HauHOHaabHoro My3bwaabHoro TBOp- aeCTBa, HBHBUIHCb np33AHHKOM My3NKaAbH0H KyJIbTyphl HapOAOB CpeflHeft A3hh h Ka3axcTaHa. H AeftCTBHTeabHO, bto Morjio C u n TOAbKo y Hac, b cTpaHe conHaaH3Ma, rAe y36eKH h Ka3axH, KHp- rH3bI, TypKMCHbl H T3AXHKH, OjiarOAapH BeaHKofi OKT«6pbCKofl eouHaaHCTHqecKoft peBOAtoiWH, npn OTeqecKOH noMomn poAHofi KoMMyHHCTH>tecKoft napTHH h npaBHTeabCTBa A a x e b TpyAHbix ycaoBHHX OTeqecTBeHHOfl bohhh HeycTaHHO pa3BHBaan h cyMe- an noAHHTb Ha AoaxKyio BhicoTy CBoe HauHonaabHoe no (j)opMe h couHaancTHHecKoe no coAepxaHHio caMoCbirnoe ncKyccTBO. B aBrycTe 1944 roAa opKecip OTMCiaa nepBoe AecHTHaeTHe cBoeft TBopqecKofl x h 3hh. K CBoeMy io6naeio oh npnrnea cnao- qeffHUM, APyJKHbIM TBOpieCKHM KOAACKTHBOM. K 9T0My BpeMeHH b ero penepTyape y » e nacqHTbiBaaocb oKoao inecTHAecHTH KioeB KypMaHra3bi, XlayaeTKepea, MaMeHa, Typiceuia, AaHKea, AfixaHa, TaTTHMfieTa, CefiTeKa, .ZXhhu, HapoAHbie necHH h necHH cobctckhx KOMno3HTopoB; npoH3BeAeuHB pyccKHx; h 3anaAHbix KaaccHKOB — TattHKH, MouapTa, BerxoBeHa, UlySepTa, Bn3e h cobctckhx kom- no3HTopoB. Bo ahh loOiuieH KoaaeKTHB noayqna MHoroiHcaeHHbie no3Apa- BaeHHH h npHBeTCTBHH ot oSmecTBenHbix, My3biKaabHd-TeaTpaab- hux opraHH3auHH Ka3axcTaHa h 6paTctujx pecny6aHK. 7 aBrycTa 1944 roAa 6bia ony6aHKOBaH I/Ka3 npe3HAHyMa BepxoBHoro CoBeTa Ka3axcKofl CCP * 0 npHCBoeHHH opKecTpy K333XCKHX HHCTpyMeHTOB HMeHH KypMaHra3hI». B 3T0T AeHb C paAocTHbiM BoaiieHHeM apTHCTbi opKecTpa ’iHTaan TeKCT YKa3a BepxoBHoro CoBeTa: «B cbsi3h c AecHTHAeraeM TBopiecKoft pa6oTbj opKecrpa Ka- aaXCKHX HapoAHbix HHCTpyMeHTOB npH Ka3axCKOH TOCyAapCTBeH- 1«nyTH paSBHTHS y36eKCKOfi My3UKH», cCopHHK CTaTCfl noa peaaf ngo^eeropa C. JI. raraSypra, rocH3aaT. cHcKyccreo* Jl.-M. 1946, crp. :

™C B H 3 ” ho0 $HJiapMOHHH hm6kh .IIwaMGyjia npHCBOHTb opKecTpy Ka3ax- ckhx iiapo;iHUx HHCTpyMeHTOB hmh Ka3axcKoro HapOAHOrO KOM- no3HTopa KypMaHra3H h BnpeAb HMeHOBan> opKecTp: «OpxecTp HapoAHbix HHCTpyMeHTOB HMeHH KypMaHia3bi». PeuieHHeM npaBHTejibCTBa Ka3axcico0 CC P noieTHoe 3BaHHe 3acJiyweHnoro apTHCTa pecnyGjiHKii Glijio npHCBoeHO apracTaM opKecTpa: TyAbHa^HC Baa3HTOBoft, TajiHMy Ko0niH6aeBy, JKaAeKeuiy A0nanoBy h 3acAyweHHoro AeaTejia HcxyccTB — JKannacy Ka- aaMfiaeBy. Jlyam ne apTHCTbi opnecTpafl. HypineacoBa, A. HcMa- HAOB, T. AxMeTOB, My3bIK3AbHbie MaCTepa K. KaCbIMOB H 3. Po- MaHeiiKO 6 hah HarpawACHU noHenioA rpaMOTO0 BepxoBHoro- CoBeTa Ka3axcKO0 CCP. TaK napTHa h npaBHTeabCTBO noAaepKHyAH ocoGoe 3Haae- HHe, Karopoe npHAae-rca HapoAHOMy HCKyccTBy b Hame0 CTpaHe. 3 thm OTMeaaAacb h naoAOTBopHaa paGoia KOJUieKTHBa Ha npo- THHceHHH AecaTHAerHero nyrn. TenAO BCTpeaeHHbi0 oGmecTBen- HOCTbK), loGiuieS noKa3aA, ato AeaTeAbHocTb Ka3axcKoro opKecrpa npH3HaHa h JiioGHMa ihhpokhmh MaccaMH namero HapoAa. B3BOAHOBaHHH0 OTe’ieCKHM BHHMaHHeM napTHH H npaBHTeAb- 37

CTB3, K0JUI6KTHB OpKeCTpa C eiue 60AbWefi HaCTOfiHHBOCTbK) CT3JI • CopoTbcs 3a BbrcoKyio HcnoJiHHTeJibCKyio K yjibTypy. - B 1944 roay b AjiMa-ATe 6uJia OTKpbiTa Ka3axcxaa rocyAap- CTBGHH3fl KOHCepBaTOpHK C 4>aKyAbTeTOM HapOAHblX HHCTpy- MeitTOB. C MOMeHTa 0CH0B3HHH nepBoro Bucuiero My3biKajibHoro yne6- Horo 3aBeAGHHH b pecny&iHKe noAaBJiwow.ee GoJibWHHCTBo mqjiq- Ahix HcnojrHHTeneii Ha AOM(3pe h Ko6w3e H3 opxecTpa hmghh Kyp- MaHra3t>i nocryiiHjio b KOHcepBaropmo a a h noBhimeHHH cboch KBaJiHipHKauHH. MHOrae MOJioAbie apTHCTbi opxecTpa ynarca h b Hacioamee BpeMa. KpynHbIM COfibITHeM B TBOpleCKOH WH3HH KOJIJieKTHBa B 1944-- 1945 roAax HBH/iocb to, hto b s t o BpeMa opKecrp npacTynaji k pa3yaHBaHHK> nepBofl ch m $ ohhh EeTxoBena (b nepejioweHHH AJia HauHOHa/ibHoro opuecTpa C. UlaSe.TLCKoro h JI. U lap ro - poACKoro). riocjieBoeHHbifl coaHAaT&nbHbifl TpyA ooBercKoro HapoAa, ocy- mecTBJieiiHe rpaHAH03Horo miaHa BoccTaHOBJieHHH h AaJibHeflwero pa3BHTHE HapOAHOrO X03aftCTBa H KyjIbTypbl BblABHHy.'IH HOBbie 3a- Aa'w nepeA HcxyccTBOM OoBercKoro Ka3axcTaHa h , b nacTHOcra, nepeA Ka3axcKHM opxecTpoM HapoAHbix HHCTpyMeHTOB hmchh KypMaHra3bi. CoBercKHe KOMno3RTOpbi Ka3axcTaHa c ra jiH co3AaBaTb opHra- HajibHbie npoH3BeAeHHa Kpynnoro CHMipOHH'iecKoro nJiana, 3HaiH- TejibHo ofioraTHBiiiHe penepTyap Ka3axcKoro opKecTpa. K thkhm npoH3BeaenHSM npewAe Bcero CJieAyeT oniecTH CHMipoHHiecKyio nosMy «Ka3ax<rran» C. UlaOejibcKoro h JI. IIIapropoACKOro, ocbo- eHnyio opKecrpoM b 1946 roAy. LIepe3 to a k o ju ic k t h b npHcrynan k peneTHUHH h Bcxope h c - noAHaji BTopoe KpynHoe npoH3BeaeHMe C. IlIaCejibCKOro h JI. IIIapropoACKoro «CHM<J)OHHeTTy Ha Ka3axcKHe xeMbi», cneuH- .aAbHO HanHcaHHyio juih opKecTpa HMeHH KypManra3bi. Hapaay c nonyJiapH3auHefl npoH3BeaeHnS coBercKHx K0Mn03H- to pob KOAJieKTHB ne npeKpawaJi pa60Ty HaA HapoAHoS Ka3axcKofi HysuKoS. B 3TOM TOAy OH BOCCTaHOBHJl B 60Aee TOHHOfi peAaKUHH KK3H TaTTHMfiera «Koc6acap», ocbohjt « K o k h a » Kaaanrana . h Kioft KypMaHra3bi «KHuiKenraft», nocBaweHHbift xpecTbaHCKOMy bo c- cTaHHto iioa pyKOBOACTBOM HcaTaa TafiManoBa h MaxaM6eTa VTeMHCQBa (1836— 1837 roAbi). B npoH3BeAGHHH «KHiuKeHTafl» (M ajieHbKHfl) KypMaHra3bi Bbipawact TBepAyio yBepemiocTb b tom, mto rnfieJib repoeB boc- CTaHHH He OCTaHOBHT HapOAHOTO ABHJKeHHH H naMHTb O HHX Beq- ho 6yAeT KHTb b cepAuax HapoAa. B HaMaJie 1948 roA a penepTyap opKecTpa nonoanaioT «Caa- bahckhS TaHeu Ns 1> nem cKoro KOMno3HTopa H B o p w an a h Han-

6onee nonyjiHpime kk>h napoAHoft apTHCTKH Kasaxcxofi CCP, CTapefimero uapoworo KOMno3HTopa H h h li HypnewcoBoft: «Acgm Kontip* (ripeKpacHaa KoHbip), nocBsuueiiHuli cobctckoA moaoacjkh, «To(i 6acrap» (npa3AHtmHan KaprHHa), «>KeHHC» (rioOeAa), BOcneBaiouiHft noOeay CoBercKofi A pmhk HaA repMan- CKHM (J>aUlH3MOM, H APYTHe npOH3BCACHHfl. CoBeTCKak anoxa o6orarHJia TBopqecKttii Map JXuhu Hypnea- COBOfi HOBbIMH T6M3MH H HA6HMH, HanOJIHHJia ee TBOpqGCTBO HOBblM COUHajIbHbIM COABpiKaHHGM. B KtOHX, BOCBSHUeilKblX Ha- uicii PoAHHe, oHa c orpOMHbiM BoottyuieBAemieM npocAaBAseT cBewiyio jKHjiib, repon3M h cnjiy Haiuero HapoAa, KpacoTy Sorai- crBa poAHoro apaa. B nocAeBoeHHue to a u Raua HypnewcoBa baoxhobghho boc- nesaer 3KH3Hb repoHqecicoro coBeTcxoro HapoAa, Bc.iHKHe 6yA»n MHpHoro CTpoHTejibCTBa. T aK 6hiAH co3Aaiibi nonyaapHue kkjh /Jh h h «re p oii rpyAa», «AoHpKa>, «ZI,oqepn Ka3axcTaHa». Anita HypneHcoBa cbohmh kiohmh tra HOByio coBpeMemiyKi TeMaTHKy 3HaiHTeAbHO yxpacHAa penepTyap opaecTpa hmchh KypMaH- HcTopHqecKoe nocTaHOB.ieiiHe UK BKI1 (6) ot 10 (peBpaaa 1948 roAa 06 onepe «BejiHKaa Apyw6a> B. MypaAeAH c npe- ACJibHoii acHOCTbio yxa3aA0 Ha orpoMHoe 3HatGHHe JiyqniHX Tpa- AHUHH BeAHKoS pyCCKOft KAaCCHHCCKOH My3blKH. riOCJie 3T0ro 110- craHOBAeHHfl, onpeaejiHBuiero nym pa3BHTiia Bcefl cobbt-ckoA My3bJKaAbH0fl KyAbTypu, koaackthb opKecTpa c euie SojibiiieH HaCTOflqHBOCTblO CT3A paOoTaTb HaA OCBOGHHGM JiyqulHX 06pa3- UOB pycCKOH H 3anaAH0ft My3blKaAbHOfi KAaCCHKH. HcKAlOqH- TetibHo BawHoe 3Haqenne a a h AaAbHeflmero TBopqecKoro pocTa KOJuieKTHBa hmgah reHna.ibiiue npoH3BGAGHHH BejiHKoro pyccKo- ro KOMno3HTopa M. H . T a h h kh , b qacTHocrn, ero 3HaMGHHTbift «BaAbc-ij)aHTa3HH» h «KaMapHHCKaa>. npH nepeAoweHHH «BaAbca-<t>aHTa3HH» aah Ka3axcnoro op- ' KecTpa HapOAHbix HHCTpyMeHTOB C. IUaOe.ibCKHft h JJ. ULIapro- poACKHfi MacrepcKH coxpaHHAH TOHiaBume Aerajiti 4)aKTyPiJ rapMoiiHH, noAroAOCKOB h iteAoCTHOCTb AHHaMnqecKoro pa3- XapaKTepilOH OCOfieHHOCTblO KOAAGKTHB3 opKecTpa HapoAHbIX HHCTpyMeHJOB HBAH6TCH TAyOOKOe npOHHKHOBGHHG B COAGpHtaHHG, HaCTpOGHHG HCIlOAHBGMbJX npOH3BGAGHH0t OCMbICACHHaH ncpe- Aaqa 3Toro coAepwaHHH. PeaAHCTHqHOCTb, npaBAHBocTb, aoxoa- qHBOCTb, BBABtOimieCa xapaKTGpHUMH qCpT3MH COBGTCKOrO HCIIOAHHTGAbCKOrO CTHAH, UpHCylAH H OpKGCTpy HapOAHbIX HHCT- PyMGHTOB I1M. KypMaHra3bI. B HCI10AHGHHH «BaAbCa-(j)aHTa3HH» Ka3axcKHM opKecTpoM uiHpoKO 3ByqHT ero pyccKaa AHpitqecKaa MGAOAHfl, HCHO BbtpHCOBbIBaGTCH Bbipa3HTeAbHOCTb CHMljlOHHie- CKOfO pa3BHTHH. HcnOAHGHHe OpKCCTpa IipOHHKHyTO HCKAtOqH-

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