Вопросы казахской советской литературы

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E. JIH3yH0BA ca h BocnMTUBaTbca... Hacraao BpeMa, Kor«a cnoaoBHO ApeMaib, Haaeacb »a 6ecKpa0HHe KoieBbs, Ha uiHpOKne Bbinacu, He npHXOAHTca. y * e nopa yaHTbca y iiapoaoB, Koropue onepea&M nac!. . . 3 to eflHHCTBeHHbia Ha- fleiKHufi nyn. Hetoamcoana Moero napoaa, ho h a ah MeHa caMorO*. B oneH- Ke aKbina: « ra rOBopmnb a3HKOM cBoero BeKa H mucjihuib 3a (SyAymHe no- KoaeHHH* Afiafi npeACTaer hobum aeaoBeKOM c hobhim MHp0B033peHHeM, OflHaKO Ha Bonpocbi annua: «K KOMy hath? C koto Span. npHMep?», 3aaaH- Hbie caMoft jKH3HbK>, oh He HaxoiWT eme OTBera. DecHH anHHOB, b Koropbix 3ane4araeBaaHCb ycjiOBHH jkh3hh Hapofla, AOHOchah ne'iaab npouuioro; A6au 6ua CBKaereaeM THwe-ioro h 6e3paAocr- Horo HacTOsimero. Eyaymee b ero npeACTasaeHHH b 3th roan He ofipeTaer eme KOHKperao 0CH3aeMbix iepT. Ho Bepa B Syaymee HHKoraa He nOKHAaer A6aa h b AajibHeflmeM BJinoaeT b ero no93Hio Ty *H3HeyrBepwAaiomyio crpyio, KOTopaa aBHJiacb oahoB H3 ochobhhx nepT TBop'iecTBa Bejinnoro Ka- aaxcKoro nosTa. OTHOineHHe k napoay, k pojih pyKOBOAHTeaa, k pyccsHM cocTaBjiaiOT ocHOBy pa3H0raacnfi A6aa h KyaaiiBaa. ySeHtaeH b CBoeB npaBOTe, — roBopHT A6aft oray. — Bbi roBopHTe, a — o3epo c noaoriiMH 6eperaMH. Pa3Be ayime 6biTb Boaofl Ha ahc rjiyGoKoro kohoaua, KOTopyio AOCT&Her jwuib tot, y Koroporo ecTb BepeBKa, oeapo h craibHbie pyKH? fl npennoMHTaio 6brrb jio- crynHbiM h CTapHKaM h l e r n i , BceM, >n>H pyKH cjiaObi. Bo-BTopnx, — bu yKa3ajiH, HeM moikho B3aTb napoA h kbkhm aoajkch 6am, qeaoBex, KOTopuS ero Bea.cT... Tenepb y napoaa HeT ero npeaoiero CMHpeHHa, on CMeao otkpu- BaeTrjia3a. H cefiaac oh noAoOeH Kocsrey KOHefi: oh nocjiymaer Toro, kto pa3- AenHT c hum Bee HCBaroAhi — h Mopo3, h 6ypaH, kto ana Hero 3a6yAeT aom, kto corjiaCHTca Huen, noAymKoS — aefl. nocxeabto — CHer... B-rpcTbHx, — Bbi cKa3a:m o pyccnHX. CaMoe Aoporoe h jmh napoAa, h jina Mena —3HaHiie h CBeT. A ohh —y pyccrax. H ecjni pyccioie AaAyT mhc to coKpOBmne, koto- poe a -rmeTHo HCKaa Bonpyr bcio mii3iib, — pa.3Be Moryr ohh 6biTbAaaeKHMH, HyiKHMHAAH MBHH'». B KOMno3HUHOHHo0 cTpyKType «A6aa» BaacHoe Mecro otboahtcb kcoijih- 3BH. B nOHHMaHHH BeHHHCKOTO, KO.UIH3HH— 3TO «CTOJlKHOBeiIHe Me«Ay ecTeCTBeHHUM BjieMeimeMcepAua repoa h ero noHHTHeM o Aoare, KOTopue He 3aBHCHT ot ero boah, Korophix oh He mojkct hh npoH3BecTH, hh npeaoTBpa- TOTb, ho KOTopbix pa3pemeHHe 33bhcht He ot co6biraa, ho eAHHCTBeHHo ot cbo6oahoA boah repoa. Baaerb coSuthh craHOBHT repoa Ha pacnyTHH H npm juixboaht ero b Heo6xoaHMocTb H36pan, oahh H3 AByx, coBepuieHHO npoTHBono- jiowhhx Apyr Apyry, nyreft BbixoAa H3 6opb6u c chmhm cofioio; ho peme- HHe b BbiOope nyra 3bbhcht ot repoa, a He ot coCmthh*.1 KyHaHOaft Boperea co cbohmh BparaMH, fipocaer Hapyiunre.iefi ofibiaaeB npeaKOB a naaMa Me*floyco6Hu, ho b ero coficTBeHiiOM AOMe HaxoAHTca ca- Mbifl HenpHMHpHMbift h cHabHbifl Bpar — AOafl, KOTOpmft npecrynaer TpaAH- HKH, yKopenHBmHeca b 6bny <peoAaabHoro ayaa. OAHano AOaft —cuh Kyaan- oaa, H3TO 3aK.iK>>raeT b ce6e KOaanaHio. KyHaiifiaft He crpeMHTCa yHHiro*Hn. Aoaa, a, HaoBopoT, nuraeTca Biiaaaae npHBaeab ero Ha cboio cropony. Ho HZJtZ? J ? eTber° nyTH’ K0T,°PUft 6fcW B COCTOHHHH CoeAHHHTb 3THAB3 H Kor« a Bee cpeACTBa ucaepnuBaioTca KyaaHBa- uni-rwr OTUOBCKOe ,|yBCTB0 OTcrynaeT nepeA 3ao6oio noGopuHna peaKUHH, Ay- BCer0 HOBoro, cBeraoro h nporpeccHBHoro, hto bxoahho b co3HaHHe ° nOKOJ,eHHB- KynaHOafl oTpexaeTca ot CBoero cbiHa h npHauBaer o roaoBy. CaeAOBareabHo, ero aaiHoe HyecrBO h ofiwecrBeHHbifi

AOJir npHXOAflT b HenpeoacwiHMoe npoTHBopeiHe, h ot xapaKTepa caMoro Ky- HaH6an aaBHCejio to. n o Bepx b HeM 6eper KOHcepBai-op, aAoGHhift CTpajK crapHHhi. C Apyroft cTopoHU. ana AGaa KynaHGaB —oieu, ho ero cbiHOBHeelyecT- bo raioxe OTCTynaer nepea ofimecTBeHHbiMao-ttom, noHHTbiM, KOHeiKO, coBep- memo npOTHBonojio*HWM o(Spa30M. CaeAOBaTejibiio, aah Hero cyabOa iiapo- Aa Bbiuie ero CbiHOBHefl npiiBH3aHHOCTH. Hecayiafino b r.ia:iax TpyAOBbix hh- 3ob AGafl npeACTaeT He cuhom CBOero OTua, a chiHOM HapoAa. Adait bhakt b KyHaHOae epara ofie3AoaenHHx, orpa&aeHHux, HeHuyutHx, h MyBCTBo nena- BHCTH H THesa B HeM CTaHOBHTCH CHAbHee pOACTBeHHblX HyBCTB. fleflCTBHH A6an seayT c HeH36e*H0CTbio k paapbiBy c otuom. Omowemie KyHanGas k KaMiuar ranace npeacraBjineTca ko.i.ih3hefl. KaMraaT— poAuan Aoib ara-cya rana, ho oh iiprhocht (b 3HaK npHMHpeHHH c EomeeM) ee b acepTBy (ficojaabHUM o6uiaxM. OhOTAaeT ee b nywyio ccMbio Ha BocnHTaHHe, ho oHa rnGHeT TaM, npecjieAyeMaa 3A0608 aa raiiainaxca Bpa- HapaCTaHne koh^ ahktob, oSiuecTBeHnux h ahhhux, MOTHBHposaHHoe Tome Bbicmero iianpawemia coOhiTHfl. B HauieM npeACTauJicium KyAbMHHa- HiieH poMaHa hbahctch BbiCTynjieHHe A6a» »a 5aAKbi6eKCKOM Cbe3Ae KaK cyAbH h o6jihhht&hh npaBamefl BepxyuiKH k 3aisHTHHKa HHxepecoB HapoAa. fiopua 3a OyAywee uonoaoro iiokojichiih. Hmchho3Aecb HaxoAHT CBoeHaHBbic- niee pa3BHTue cioHceTHbie .ihhhh powaHa. CaenyeMaa 3a KyJibMHHamieft pa3- Bo3mokho. 3to oS-bHCHHercHTeM, ito k aroMy ifOMemy ne HacTynaer etue pe- ajibHaa pa3BH3Ka b wh3hh A6aa KaK Hcropii'iccKofi ahhhocth. HoBhifi poMaH M. Aya30Ba «riyTb A6an», npeAcraBJiaiomHit. no cyiH aejia, OTAeabHoe npoH3- BeAeHwe, BHyTpeHHe npoflaiHtaer pa3BHTHe KaKxapaKTepOB, raK h ciojKeTHbix AHHiifl poMaHa «A6afl». floSTOMy, coraaCHO HCTopmecKoft AciicTBHTeJibiiocTH, pa3BH3Ka AOAHCiia HacrynHTb ropa3Ao no3AHee. r. e. HaxOAHTbca y*e 3a npe- AeflaMH ABHHOrO npOH3BCAGHHH, BopbGa AGan He ransAacb peBomouHomcofl, b ee oCHoae He newaaa HAea KopeHHoro npeo6pa30BaHHa oGuiecTBa nyTeM cuepweHHH pnactH SKCiuiyaTa- TopcKHX KjiaccoB. Oh cxHTacT, iTo b 6opb6e 3a ofiHORjieiiHe JKH3HH HapoAa raaBHyio pojrb Hrpaer sHaiwe, npocsemeHne, Koropue noMoryT ocBoGoAHTbca OT IiaTpHapxajIbllO-poflOBhlX nepejKHTKOB H TeM CaMbIM H3MeHHTb cy- mecTByiouiyro AeficTBHTeAbHoCTb. IlosTOMy }Kii3Hb AGan GuAa HanoaneHa CTpeMAenneM npHoGpecra 3Hbhhh caMOMy h npaoGiKHTb k jihm napoA. A raK KaK AyxoBHas KyjibTypa Ka3axcRoro HapoAa b npouuioM Bupawanacb raas- HUM06pa3OM B yCTHOMnOSTHieCKOM TBOpICCTBe HBeet 6bIT HapoAa GbUI CBH- 3aH c hhm. AGafl noHHMaa, hto TOAbKO b necHC oh nepe^aer napony HOBbie MhICAH, HACH, B3rJlHAbl. B pOMaHe OAHHMH3 HACitHblXUeHTpOB HBAHCTCHBCTpe- aa AGan co 3Hamchhtmm aKbiHOM BHpxcaHOM, Koropaa CTajia BawHbiM coGbi- THeMb ero WH3HH. BnepBbie bo Bcefi rjiy6Hiie oneHHBaeT oh pcuib Hacroame- ro nosTa: «Hcah ojapeiiHbifi aKbm yMeeT BucKasuBaTb rope HapoAa h ocy- maTb ero cJie3bi — HiiKoro hbt Bbiuie a noaetnee ero». A BapacaH-Can, no ero MHeiiHK), «nepenec neciuo c nopora jkh3hh Ha noaenioe nepeAHee mccto*. AGafl oCMMCAHBaer 3Ha<ieHHe HCKycCTBa h b >kh3Hh HapoAa. Oh bhaht, KaK MHoro CBeTJlux MyBCTBnoAHHMaioT necHH Biipwana b Ayuie mohoaokh: «KaK GpouieHiibtfl Kaxienb. OHa [necua] B03Mymaer Aawe CTonayio bo Ay- A WH3Hb sroro Tpe6yeT: ecJiH 6u b Hefl He Gboio chji, cnoco6Hhix, ksk BHxpb. B3MeTarb ee, ahh THiiyjiHCb 6u no-iHbte niHAH h tachkh...> AGafl npuxoAHT k nouHMa- itHK) CBoefl oGutecTBeHHOfl poah: «riycTi> npouBeTaeT TaKoe HCKyccrao, koto- poe MO>KeT GopoTbca c AyxaBofi h kochoh cienHofl iKM3Hbio. nycTb Aaer oho •CHAy KaacAOMy MywecTBCHHo.wy HOAOBC-Ky...» A c apyrofl croponu, «6po.T,

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E. JlH3yH0BA er hm Aopory: «He CMen. xoaeBaTb! Tepnaie co BceM HapoAOMl* OAHaxo b conocraBjieHHH c ynpaBH-reASMH «CBoero» po;<a KyHaHBafi npeACTaBAserca eMy Oojice onacHbiM iipothbhhkom, hBo bto He TOAbKo KAacconbifi yraera- Tenb, ho h yraeraTeab H3 ayacoro poaa. Bbic-rynaa Ha aamirry copoflaneS H3 ay.-ra Bonces, flapxeMBaA HB-iaeT co6o0 nanfiojiee aKTHBHyio ciuiy, ito non- TBepJKflaerca, b lacmocTH, ero CTpeMAeKHeM 3acTpeJiHTb ara-cyaTaua. Ho 9Ta HefioAbiuas cxiaceTHaa AeTaAb TaHT b ceBe h Apyrofi cmuca: JlapKeM6aS hcahach, ho He obicipejiHJi, hBo ero pyxa nepexBaaeHa BoxceeM: «He aaM BepujHTb Kapy HaA hhm, Ha to ecn> Ayxa npeAKOB». Bot bth-to ayxn npeflKOB h CKpbiBajiH nopoft buxoa KocBofioaiAemno Hapoaa, Koropoe moms 6bITb naBOenSHOAHUIb B HenpHMHpHMOii OopbCe C ItapCTBOM «eaiIHOKpOBHblX> yrueTa-reAeft. B cyabCe .UapxeMCaa Ha (|>OHe CTpamHoro jieasHoro noacapa-Aacyra na- H6onee noJino pacKpuaaeTca thjkcaoc cymecrBOBaHHe, ropwcaa Aoxa yrae- TaeMoro napoAa. Ho He ero yAea CMiipeHHe: «PyxH npoib, ra! Hah oahh H3 Hac kpobwo non-ianiTCiib, — yrpoasaeT flapKewCafi >KyMaryxy. OOocTpeHHe KAaccoBhix npoTHBopemfl noMoraeT AapKeMfiaio pacno3Ha- BaTb xHiuHH'iecKyio npHpoay axcnxyaraTopa, cicpbinaiomeroca noa A10608 ah- THHofi. Tax, oh roBopHT, oOpamancb k KyiianBaio: «Biepa tu noMuxaA name, ara-cwiTaH, a cerOAHa xoaciub cecn, Han Ha oieio, KaK esarofl xaAACH*. B CToAKHOBeiiHHc KyHaHBaeM/JapxeMfiaS BbipacTaeT Aocyponoro o6bh- HHreAH Bcefi ipeoAaAbHO-6aftcKoft BepxyBiKH, BUCTynaiomero ct hmqhh 6e3- 3eMCAbHoS 6eaHOTH, ot HMeHii 3aMyqe»Horo KoAapa. Ho oh erne lie tot ax- THBIHJH Oopeu, KO-ropblfl BCTynHT B CMepTenbHyio CXBaTKy CO CBOHM KAaCCO- bhm BparoM: «HnxorAa a He Bua 3a>onimHKOM 3AOro Aeaa. Bcio acH3Hb « TOAbKo CB010 roAOBy ot 3Aa aa!HKinaio». B ero noHHMaHHH «CAa6hie» TOAbKO repnaT ot «CHAbHhix»: «HeT Taicoro Bopcaxa, KOTopwft ocMeAHAca 6u -rpefio- BaTb ot -re6a, KyHauSaa, Bo3Mcin.eHHn: He npaoiAa hx nopa*. ZlapKeMBaS craHOBHTca opraHH3aTopo» ayaa Kon-JKarax, rAe H3Hy- peHHhie HenocHAbHbiM TpyAOM, n3niaHHhie copoAHaaMH acaraioi o6peraror ho- Boe poactbo no cBoeMy conHaAbHowy noAoaceHHio. flapReMBafi qyBcrayeT, hto chabi iiapoAa KperayT 6AaroAapa TOMy, >rro pacTer ero cahhctbo. OAHano ZlapKeMBaS eme He npeACTaBHTCAi, peBOAionH- ohhoto Tpyfloooro KpecTbaHCTBa. Ecah oh h CTpeMHTca TBepAO OTCTaHBaTb cboh npaea, npeAbHBAsn, HanpHMep. hck o ncupaBe hah 06 yBeaeimux kohhx, to npH 3tom oh eme lie onHpaerca Ha Maccy iiapoAa. EcTecnjeHHO, vro otho- CHTeAbiioe BAaronoAVine b ayne AcaraxoB OKa.abmaeTca KpaTKOBpeMeHHbiM. M'ihtch AapKeM6aeBCKH0 ronei; k A6aio: CHOBa HanaAH, pa3rpa6HAH, yBeAH. C HoBofl chao0 ofiHaxcaeTCH acecTOKau npaBAa hchshh. CMeAoe no ceoeny HOBaropcTBy pemeHHe xyAoacecTBeHHoro o6pa3a flap- xeMBaa npoHn-iaeTcn b tom, mto M. Ay33oe BeAeT SToro repoa <iepe3 oce cio- acerooe pa3BHrae poMaHa, htoBm BonAOTHTb era b crpocpbi aBaeBCxoro cth- xoTBopeHHH o HapoAe. ITpaBAa hchshh CTaiioBHi-cn npaBAO0 ncicyccTBa. 06- pa3 ZtapKeMBaa yrAyBaaeTCH b poMaHe hcao0 raxepeefi B-ropocTeneHHHx Ae0- crsyiomHx ahu —npeACTaBHTeAefl npocroro TpyAOBoro HapoAa. Be33eMexb- Hbie acaraKH EypKyrBa0, EaaH, Camum., EcBhkc, 6e3biMaHHtie aaBaHhi, non- nacKH, AoapKH, TaByHmHKH, nacryxn orpaacaiOT -raaceAoe noAoaceime yrm- TeHHoro iiapoAa. Camiuht BafiTopM, Kax Ma06acap H36HBaeT ero eAHHCTBeH- Horo China, H TOAbKo Bherca toaobo0 0 cboh KyjiaKH h 3aM0Axaer b BeccHAb- hom rope. «A ito a oTBeay, ecAH Bor C03AaA Mena pa6oW», — irAaieT CTapaa EcBHxe. TparaaecKHe cyAbBu cbiHoBe0 KavMcna - - BaAarasa, EaaapaAb., OpaABaa rAy6oxo pacxpbiBaioT TeMHbie cropoHU HeAaAexoro npomaoro. xor- AqeacxyorHiieATHaHnHaOcCbTBh. noAasAaAacb CBoBoAa, BAaropoAHue CTpeMAeHHa aeAOBe- Ea3apaAbi — npeAcraBHTCAb hoboto noxoAeHHa, cxohch0 c flapxeMBaeM

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2. JlH3yH0BA ko mothbhpob3Hko noxa3hiBaeT, HTO ecJiH lOHbift A6afi h TepnHT nopaweHHe ot oTua, to h ciua y KyiiaHCaa ywe He Ta. Hapyiuaa Bee crenHue o6uiaH, poaCTBeHHHKH yMepmero Bowea He npHraauiaiOT Ha ero noxopoHbi MoryiuecT- BeHHoro ara-cyjirana. H KynaHOafi BUHywaeH caM npHexarb a aya, norpy3HB- uihhch b Tpayp, xot3 h aejiaeT 3to He noTOMy, hto htht oCbi'iafl, a noTOMy, hto xo'ier CMuriHTb BneiaTjieHHe ot HaHeceHHoro eMy BoweeM yaapa. B narofi raaae— «rio npeflropbHM*— Rax 6bi npoaojiaoercs stot mothb. floaepH Bowes caaraxrr oCnHHHTeAbHMe cthxh o KyuanOae, u 3to ycHSHBaer poaoayio spaway. Koran oGnwcHHue CTapefluiHHtJ 3a6upaioT y Kyitanfiaa 3eMiiH, nepea A6aeM canbHO, spxo, r.iyuoKO pacxpbiBaeTca noaJiHHHaa cym- iiocTb xHmHbrx 6aeB, a c apyrofi cropoHM, cTaHOBHTca 0'ieBnaiibiM, hto . BJiacrb ara-cy.iTana ocHOBareabHO noma-rHyaacb. H saecb nocne poaosux CTOJiKHOBeHHfl cHOBa BpbiBaeTCH TeMa Hapoaa, — A6afi BnepBbie 3aayMhiBa- eTCH o 3acTynHHKe H3 Hapoaa. riocjie stoto onHCbiBaeTca Bcrpexa A6as c apyroM, KOTopuH 3ay>WBaeT uaH3yCTb ero necHH h nepeaaer hx Torwan, cbh- He-i>o6nMoft Jlnjibje, HaBH3aHHofi eMy otuom. DiaBa 3axaHHHBaeTca noCeaofl KyitaiiOaeBneB, co6nrneM, Hcno/iHeiinuM rayfioxoro Tparn3Ma, xoraa Bucoxoe yyBCTBO A6aa npHHOCHica b wepTBy oOuiaio. Ulecrafl raaBa —«Ha noateMe* — naTHHaerca orracaHHCM caaae6HUX oSpaaoB, ho h 3aecb mu bhahm, Rax Taweao 3aayMbiBaerca Haa CBoefi CBaab- 6ofi A6afi h B03BpawaercH aoMofl pa3(>HTH8, BHyTpeHHe HaaaoMaeHHuft. H CTpeMaeHHe (SuTb cnpaBeaaHBUM K jhoasm, x HyoCTBaM 6jih3Xhx 3aCTaBaaer ero axTHBHO yiacTBosaTb b ace (noMHHxax) Bowes. A6afi Tpe6yeT y Ky- naH6as, HTo6bi H oh npHCyTCTBOBaa Ha ace, h MHoroycraa MOJiBa pa3H0CHT no CTenn cjiyx 06 stom h caaBHT AOax, cnopsmero c othom bo hmb cnpaBea- jihbocth. OnHcaHHe Haxaaa CTpacrefl CMeHaerca ayn, rpycmuM onucaHHeM BCTpexH A6aa c TorwaH. A 3a hum caeayxn- KyHaHfiaeBcxiie Ha6era Ha ayau, Ha3peBaeT Honaa 6ypa. CeabMaa raaBa — «B Bbminne» — sto xyjibMHHauHa b KoMnoamiMHnep- Boft khhth poMana, rae pacxpuBaeTca o6jihk A6aa xax cuHa Hapoaa. PoMaH- TiraecKHe Menru o HapoaHOM 3acTynHHxe upcepauiaiorcn b aeflciBHreab- Hocrb, — A6afi caM ct3hobhtch sthm 33CTynHHXOM, h k HeMy 3a noMoiubio npaxoAHT 6eaHaxH. MywecTBeHHufi Baaapaau ct3hobhtch ero apyroM, A6afi npoH3HocHT ropaiHe caoBa o Hapoae, 3acrynaeTca 3a waTaxoa, 3a flapxeM- 6aa. oSHweHHbix TaxewaHOM. Oniicamie awyra nepenaeTaeTCa c onucanHeM ayBCTB B03MyureHHbix ax)aefi. CioaKHOceHne A6aa c TaxewaHOM nepepacTaeT b oTxpbiToe CTOAKHo&eRHe c otuom: A6afl—nepBufl, kto ocMeaaaca Tax pe3- xo ocyaHTb KyHaHfiaa. CxopSb A6aa 0 CMepra 3epe H CTpaaaHHax pa3opcHHoro Hapoaa, ero ho- BUe MbICJIH 0 P83BHTHH H 33KOHaX JKH3HH, 0 HaSHaieHHH n03Ta B HapOAHOfl wh3hh cHOBa conpHxacax)Tca c ApawarimecKHMH coGuthhmh —Baaara3 h A6bijira3bi yBoaaT cxot H3 6oraTux ayjioB. A6aii CTaatcHBaerca c rayfioxoS o n ecoboil HeHaBHCTbx> 6eaHaxoB, pacTyuiefl b 6opb6e npoTHB xyHaH6aeBueB. H 3Ta jihhhh npoaoawaerca B rHeBHOM pa3roBope Ba3apaau h KyHaH6aa, xoraa nocaeAHHA HaTajixHBaerca He Ha 3aBKCrb oOhwciihux 6aeB, a Ha riieB Hapoaa. MopaabHaa no6eaa Ba3apaau — no cymecTBy BawHeSuiaa Haeitnaa xyabMHHaima b pacxpuTHH TeMu Hapoaa. H tohko npoBoaxT M. Ays30B Mucjib, hto oSpauieHHe Afiaa x pyccxHM XHHraM cbh38ho c 3a6oTOS o poahom Hapoae,—-oh eaeT 3acTynaTbca 3a 6eanaxOB x aaBoxaTy Ax6acy AHapeeBHay, KOTOpufi 3H3KOMHT ero c nyuiKHHCKHMH npOH3BeaeHHHMH. CoBeT AnapeeBa «yaHTecb» A6a8 BoenpHHHMaeT Kan neHHeSuiee oraposeHne, xoTopoe yxa3U- BaeTeMy nyTH 6opbGu 3a ayamyio aoax) Hapoaa. SMoanonajibHoe B03ae8cTBHe TlTaOxreij’K.,^aOnoBMeT. aA. '6iaaioAK6aaawenrpcaaB, fhlHtBoO«yn3oeanx,exppxeHnBxaoeTCcTaarHhoBbaiuomutHcgtoejri

qaa pacnynJBaTbCH*. H paaroBOp n A6afi noKa3HBaeT ce6n qeaoBeKOM hobux Mucae8, npeAiueCTByeT ci hhk>A6as c KyHaHOaew, nocae KOTOporo hx nyra oKOHiaTejibuo pacxoaaTCH. 3 to He fiypnasi cxBarxa, a HacumeHiiaa caepwamibiM raeBOM 6opb6a npen- cTaBHTeaefi AByx MHpoB033peHHfi. ricpBasi KHHra poMana 3anaHqHBaeTCH, tskhm oftpaaoM, cueHofi, b koto- poB pa3BHTHe kohiJuuiktob HaxoAHT CBoe HAefiHoe 3aBepuieHHe. H coOTBeT- CTBeHHo xapaicrepaM cbohx raaBHtix repoeB —A6aa h KynanOasi, .noaefi yu- hhx, CTpacTHbix, 6oraro, ho no-pa3HOMy oaapeHBbix, Ay330B mothbhpob3hho He CTaJiKHBaCT hx b rpyCoB cxsance Tax, xax, cxaxceu, A6aa c TaxewaHOM, rpyfiUM, HeyMHbiM, xhiuhwm, He o6aaAaiomHM tohkhm MyrbeM AHnaoMaTB. Ohh cTajiraiBaioTCH b cnocecHOM noeAHHKe, b kotopom KyHanfiaA HacToSiHBo crpeMHTca npHBJieib Ha cbok>CTopoHyA6aa, caeaarb ero cbohm iiomoiahhkom. B noCTpoeHHH nepBofi khbth poMaHa fiojibmaa poab npHHaaxeKHT kom- no3HUHOHHOMy npHeuy —CBoeo6pa3Hofl ofipaMjiaiomea paMKe. PoMaH HaiH- HaeiCH c B03BpaiuciiHH A6aa H3 CeMHnaaaTiiHCKa h 3aKaimHBaeTCH Taxwe B03BpameHHeM ero H3 sroro ropoAa b poAHofi aya. Ho 3th onHcaHHH nacu- rneHbi pa3AiiMHbrM HAefiHUM, 3MoiuioHaabHUM coAepataiiHeM h Meumy hhmh neau8 3Tan jkh3Hh A6aa. TeM caMbiM xyAOiKecraeuHO npaBAHBO n36pa*aeT- chaBojiioAHH BarajiAOBAOaa b BocnpHHTHHjkh3hh poAHoft CTenH ot poMaHTH- qecxoro ao peaAHCTmecKoro, KpHTiiqecKoro. TayfioKoe coAepwame sroro npneMa onpeAeaserca opHrmiajibiiofl ManepoS M. Ay330Ba wax MacTepa kom- no3Hiura — yMeHHeM He ocaafiaHTb Hanpaweimocrb AeficTBHH, cTpeMaemeM pacxpbrrb xapaKrepu b paaHUx ciiryamisix, hcho oiepqeHHUx KomfuiHKTax, yMenneM MOTHBHpoBaHHo noxa3aTb nepexoA repoeB H3 oahoto ncHxoaora- aecKoro coctohhhh b Apyroe. Ka*AaH H3 raaB OKainHBaeTCH ApaMaTHiecxofl CHryauaeB, GaaronapH KoropoB xapaicrepbf repoeB a coCuthh HaxoAHTCH b coctohhhh HanpaaceHHH h Kax 6bi noATOTOBaeHbi Ann hobux nOAbeMOB hah naaeHHfi. 06pa3bi raaBHbix repoeB, (Jiop.MHpoBauHe xpynHbix qeaoBeqeciaix xapax- repoB, pa3BHBaioLAHXCHbApaMaTHqecKHx CKTyauHnx, c/rpawaioT npucyiueeco- BercxoMy poMaHy TuroTemie k MOHyMenTajibHocrH. C npo6aeMOfi c03AaHHH snHiecKHX repoeB, TpareAHftHbix koh(|)-thktob h CBH3aiibi KOHrpacrbi h acco- nnanHH b KOMno3HUHH poMaHa «A6afi». MacrepcTBO komiio3huhh b «A6ae> onpefleaxer h cahhctbo 4>opMU h co­ lor ray6HHU ochobhoB HAeH h ot cham, c xoropoK) OHa opraHH3yeTCH b ot- jeabHbix ocoOeiiHOCTHX, sbbhcht fiojibiuan hah weHbmaH xyAOwecTBeHHoerb poMaHa*.1

HCMAHJIOB EH.BEK AAAMAAPblH COU.HAJIHCTIK PEAJIH3M afllCIMEH BLHHEJIEy M3CEJ1EC1 (1946 — 1950 MbiAdapdaFbi umrapMOAop OoutuHtua) A m i to.'iijk. yFhmbin, e:iiHii[ ocbi TaKupbimaFU uiupapMajiapbiMCH fiyKiji co- bct oae6neTiHc jkoji KepceTKen Aanumnan ropbKiift 6ojiflbi. I'opbKHH cobct sfleCiieTinin. aaMy wcuiaapbi MeH couHajnicxiK peajni3M- Hin TeopHHjibiK Heri3flepi Typajiu wa3FaH ManajiajiapbiHAa, cafiaercH ce3flc- piHae KepaeM OAeCHerre eiiGen aaaMUH KepceTyai apAattuM Heri3ri Moceae eTin, KSTepin OTtjpaau. I'opbKHii 6i3 CH6eKTen yftpeneMi3, endeKneii AyHHe- hih cbipuH TaiiHitMbra ertGoKiieH eMipai Kai'iTa *acaftMbi3, wasyuiburap »a- aa rypMbiCTbi wacayuiu, enOeKTia KapHUHau TacKWHbman MaiepHaa MeH maGbiT ajiypa raic... 6i3aiH Kixa6iMi3Ai« Heri3ri TaKbipuGu: *ana aaaMau yfibiMaacTbipymu coiwajiHCTiK euGeK wane counajiHCTiK eHGeKTi yftHMAac- Tbipyuibi Juana aaaM aereH e3iHin FhuiMH naPHAacHH coBer aaefiHeriiiia TBopHecTBoauK TajKpHOeciHae icne acupyra atereKUii 6ojijua. Cophojiuct'ik enGenri yKuMaacTbipymbi jkohc aaMbnymu «ana aaaMHbm o6pa3UH *acay K33ipri coBeT *a3yuibiaapbiHbiK ajijibwa Koiibuiun OTbipraH napTHnauK 3op xajianxbiK Gipi. EnGen aaawbi, enGeKxeri epjiiK Typajiu opbic coBeT aAeGHeTinne peBO- aionHHHbiH aaFaniKbi KyHAepmeH-an eneyni uibipapMajiap *a3buja OacTaabi. OpucTbiH aaAUKFbr Karapjibi, xajiaHrrbi anuH, wa3ymujiapbi couiiajmcTiK Koramhi,ih Heri3i coBex anaMAaphiitun Kaaojpjihi, caHaJiu, TBopnecTBOJibiK enGeriHAe eKeBflirin, enGenne Juana KOMMyuHcxiK Ke3Kapac ejiiMi3ne co- UiiajiHcxiK KYpbiJiucTbi Gappaii caiiUH HUFagxa xycexiHAirm xepen xycisiAi. Oaap ocbi HAcajibiK npHHUHnxi e3Aepmin uibiFapMajiapbinaa Kspcexe Gacxa- AH. CoBex oaeCHeiiHii! ajipauiKbj jKhuiaapHHbm G3iHAe-an <t>. rjiaAKOBXbiH OyKMi coBex aaeGHexiHe TaiiAayjiu yjiri 6oaapjii.iK.Taft «UeMeHX» a n ti po- MaHbi Hca3biaabi. Byji poManna >Ka3yiabi GoabiueBHKxep 6acxaran jKyMhicuibi TaobiHUH uiapyauibiablKXbl najinbina aeaxipy AsyipiHAe 3op KjjiibTHAUKxap- Abi *ene oxbipain, ejiiMi3re moji shim 6epeTiH ueMeux 3aaoAbiH Kaaafi jnyp- ri3in iCKe KocnaHauFhiH, oiibin Kypuawc «YMMChmnarbi wyMucuibuiapAbJH ncaHKuapjibiK epjiiriH me6ep cypexxefiai. BojibiueBHK [Viefi MyManoB 6acxa- xaraH wyMbicmujiap en6eKxi« epairi, enOeKxin najKbipjibiFu apnacbiHaa apjibin Hfaraaftfla na axenin uihipaAbi. MyHAaft uibiFapMajiap coBex aAefiHe- no93H». ApaMaryprHiT jKaHpjiapuHAa aa Kepme 6acxan eAi. Kaaan co­ BeT OAeoHeTiHAe eaoeKii, eitGen aAaubiH wupjiay oibra Maninae aaFauiKU OacxaAAbi. KasaKTbiH anbiH, jKasymhiaapu waHa couHaAHCTiK OM.pA.H Hensri 6ip yflxKUCb. fioAFaH TypKCHfixi. aybiaFa KeA-

ren TYHFHIUTpaKTopabi no33Hwa JKbrpaayaaH Gacian, KapaFaiwu, Kapcan- nafl, 3M6ane(pTiHi, KoaxoMara waaa enGeK Tipiuiairm cypeTreai. EaiMi3- ae wypri3iaren HHaycTpiisaaHAbipy wane KoaaeKTHBieiiAipy atyMUCTapu Ka3ax 3fle6HeTiHae en6ex aaaMbm wbipaan xta3yflun waita aeyipiH tyaup- jiu En6eK TaKbipuSuHa >K3ibj;ir;iH uibirapMaaap ayeari Kesae no33HH jKan- puiua jKa3biaflbi. Caxea Ceiii))yaaHHniH «ToKy <ja6pnruiae», Habac JKancy- ripoBTbiH «Orap6a», «Ajithh K33aH», AcKap ToKMaFaM6eTOBTbiu «TypKcn6 Tyflicneiifle*, Taflup JKapoKOBThiR «Bec*biaAbiK,Tbin Gaapactjs, CsCht My- KaiioBTUH iJKyflTKi, Kapa aSpupbiMs, 96aiafl3 TawiGaeBTia «ABHa6yaan», Faaa OpManoiiTbrn «Ulen6ep> arrbi umFapMaaapu eRGeicriR KeiepiHKi ca- puH, KyiiiH— na<|>ochiH GefiaeaefiAi. Bya mbiFapMaaapaa anunaap Kaaan. AaaacuHbiH acua Kenaepiii aKTapun, »ana Kaaaaap, 3aBoa-(pa6piiKaaap op- Haiun, counaaHCTiK eMip wacan x m a u euOex epaepiiiiu ramaiiun ici MeH Kawupabi KafipaTbiH MaKiaa ereai. EaGeK epairiMCH Gipre, eMip xiaaapbin %3tKahabipun aftTaau. CeitTin, waHa enGeii eMipi na3aK aaeGueTiiiae wana Taxupun Ooabirt Mewepiae GacTaftau. Byputi Ksmepia wea, KOHapbiH cafl 6iain, Mhiftaafi *a3UK aaaaaa ae- uiin wypreu Ka3aK. xaaKUHUH. KOFaMabiK Tapaxu a3 yanam-a TaMarna yabi penoaiouHHabiK aaay joyipincii eTin aoTKanaa, ohuh wac aKun, wa3yuiu- aapu coa eMipae 6o.iFaH waRa nypHauc, enGex epairm, epmic, 6ipaen Ken, TCpeii KaMTbin whipaan Here aaMaabi. JKaaa Haea, TaRhipbin, 63iHe caft xep- KeMAix (popMa Tayun xere aaMaabi. Sycari Ke3iHae TypucHG, TpaxTopaap xapa aiirup, jnyfipiK ar GefiiieciHae, 3asoATap cup-rubt aiiKaii-mybraeH, Koa- X03Aap CbipTKbi KepiHiciMen raHa cyperreaAi. Ivi3an saeSHeTiiiAe, 6ecwbiaabiK.Tap asyipmaeri ophic oaeGaeTiHaeriaefi 4>. raaaKOBTbm «)Kirep», M. UlariiHHHHbiii «PHapoueiiTpaabS', B. KaTaeB- tir «yaKUT, yMTbia aapa», K). Kphmobtnr «TaiiKep «,Hep6eHT», Al. LUoao- xobtur «KeTepiaren thr», O. riamJiepoiiTbiR «BpycKH» Cbiaicrhi Kypaeai luurapMaaapu Gipaen Tya KoiiMaabi. Myiiua ce6c6i, Gipmapbrnaii Ka3aa *a- 3yuiuaapbiHbiH sal xoctufu Goaca, eKimni xcaFMHaH K333K 3ae6HeTii(ae npo3a waapbiiibiR mibih MSHiHae Aaubm Here aaMaFan wacTMFbi aa Gap eai- Aaafiaa, uiaFbin sariMeacpae, noaMaaapaa, aaKTaaMaraH noaeCTb, po- MaHaapaa a<ana en6ex ajaMaapuHLiu a3au-Kenii cbiilnarrapu Gepiae Gac- Taau. JK. TiaenOepreHOBTUR noBecriHaeri KaaMaH («TaHGaauaap») C. My- KaHOBTUR eaeniHaeri KeHGafi KapT («Koaxo3abr ayua ocwHaafi»), M. 9ye- 30BTHR ORriMeciHaeri CaMaT (*UIarKaaaR»), C. EpyGaeB. F. MyCTaiJiHH, 3. 36iuieBTepaiR powanaapbiHaapbi KapapaHau uiaxTepaepi, T3F(j GaCKaaa- pu aa3aR coseT aaeGBeTinae waaa enGex aaaMaapuH KepceTyaiR aaFauiRbi TawpaGeaepi eai- JKaaa enGeK aaauaapbiHbiR eMipi B. MafiammiH, F. Myc- penoBTHR, K. SGaiKaaupoBTHR, F. CaaHOBThiR o'icpK, aiiriMeaepiiiae ae flip- Kuaupy cyperreaeai. Bya aTaaFaii uibiFapuaaap e3iniu TaKupun, h.hchcuiiuu xtaHaabiPbiueH ae, * aaa aaaMaapabiR o6pa3biH KepceTy HucaHacuH aaFa kok>apeKerrepi- MeH ae K.a3aK saeGHeTinae wana ecy Ke3eniH Tyaupabi. K,a3aK aaeGHeTi GecwbiaabiKTap asyipiaiR luunabiFbiH eaecreryae hmk aauM wacaabi. Byji ujbiFapMaaapaa Koaxo3, euepKacin cuprKH TyaeacbiMeM paHa cunaT- Taaun KOHMaii eHai coa encpKocinTi epKeHaeTynii aaaMaapahia en6eri, 6eaceHai apeKeTi ae cypeTreaeai. 9cipece, no33Hsaa KafiHapaH eR6eK- Tia waaa KypbiahicrbiH TacsuHabi ae6i eaoyip KepKeM acbipaaHaabi (JKaM- GbiaauR, AcaapabiR murapMaaapuHaa). Aaafiaa, TBopiecTBoauK enOeKTiH epaepiH cyperreyae eaeyai weTicne- reHaiKrep MeH xeMiuiaiKTep ae Goaabi. AjiabiMeH, wopapFbi aTaaran mupap-

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KhuiflapbiKaaFU waHKhiapJiuK naTpaoTTbia iciH, eaGeic epjiiriH eaayip wap- KbiHanecTeTKen uibiFapMaaap Goaau. <UlHFaHaK» poMaiiHHaa F. MycracjiHH yaaufiFaHbi, eMip KapiHiciii koa- xo3Awa yflbiMAacTwpy jayipiHeH Gacran cypenefi OThipun, TapuaaH moa eiiiK aay woAbiaaaFH lIlHFaiiaa BepCHeBTiK Y3ai'k, HOBaTopauK eatSeria, Kawupahi Kafipa-rra icKepairin, Ot3h aaaaiuaFa narpHOTTbiK epniriH caft- narraiiflM. K.a3aa jKaaymuaapMHMH iuiineH Mycra^JHH e a aaraiu koaxo3- flUH iuiai eMiplH, TipuiiairiH Keaipen Kepin cypei-reflai, KyH caHan, aaMbin HHfaBan Keae wautaii Koax03 KYPuaachmun GefiHeciH eaecTerefli. PoMaa- Aa jKa3yiubi wyMbicrw yHeMi Tbniflwpan, icTeflTia cyflaiMAi MiHe3Ai, kah- Aafi waFAafiAa Ooachh epiaGefiTia, enOex cyftrim OaataOeK cubkth koaxo3- Aa« KapanafibiM MyiueciHia o6pa3bin wapabiH eaecTerri. 3Ae6neT Chinn 6ya aTaapaH uiupapMaaapAaK eaeyai KeMiuiaiKTepin Me3riaiHAe Kspcerri. Bya mapapMaaapAa enfieK epaepiHiu Gyaia wypraibi- AhiitKa yari OoaapabiK 3Ae6HerriK o6pa3bi toauk wacaAun weTKeH wok. Mynaapbi 6a em KeMiniaiK eaGea aAaMAapbiHHH ic-opeKeTiHAeri Heriari wa- nauiua cbifinanapAH aiiKUH Aapaaan, auibin, 6epe aaMaymuauK Sonata. 9cipece, can eaCen MaflaaHUHAaFbi yatj weaiCTi yfluMAacTupyuiu, chGck epaepiH Tap6HCaeyuii KoMMynHcriii naprHUHua SaciuhiAhiK poai werxiaiKTi cypeiTeaMeAi. CoFbicraH KefiiHri GecwbMAbJKTbi opacaH 3op ea6ea epairi KapKbinuMeH opuHAay Aayipiaae, connaaHSMHeH Gipie-Gipre K0MMyHH3Mre eTy Aayipraae xepxeM aaeOHeTriH Tsp6HeaiK Maau3bi, poai Kyiueflin OThip. Bya Ke3Ae eMip uibiHAUfbiH, waaa KeiiinKepaepAi 6e0Heaeyre KasaK co- bct oaeGaeTi Ae rnyFbia GeT GypAbi. Bya perre Ka3aK wa3ymbiaapHHbin 1947 ikuafu «©paey» wuiiHarbi, ra3eT, wypnaAAapaa GacbiApaii O'lepx, aa- riMeaep, eaea, acbipaap, C. MyaaHOBTbiH «CupAapiia» poManu, F. Mycra- <t>HHHin «Mhaahohcp» noBecTi, K- 96AiaaAHpoBThiH «Keaec Kbi3u», CaanoB- tuh «Ken epici», 9. 96imesTia «JXoctuk neH waxaOOar* nbecacu, X. Eppa- aHeBTi'a «YaKeH aouiAa* a m nosMacu Tapu 6acK.a mupapMaaap, jKuflHaK.- Tap wapbiaaa iuurth. «9Ae6aeT wane ticKycciBO* atypHaaunaa 6acuapaH oiepK, aariMCAep- Aiu KenmiAiri KOAxo3aa coroiaAacriK eaGeK.GarapAapbi Typajiu waaunran. En6eK MaflAaHUHbm epaepiH wa3ypa 6yaaH 6eT 6ypy Ka3aK SAe6neTiHAeri xtaaa epaey KC3eniH xepceieAi. BacbiApan OMepK, aHriMeJiepAe koaxo3 eMipi, OHAipicTeri xtaua enfieK epjrepiniH ctifinaTrapH, ap oSauctuh ap caaaau uiapyamuauKTapbiHUK oipKarap epeKiueAiKiepi OepiaeAi. KaHT Kuau-iuiaCHHaH moa OHiM aapan, xypiiu, MaKTa eryAe y3AiK oibiKKaH en6eK epaepimH yjiriAi ici MeH tuiapabiH KOAX03Aafbi waaa MaAeHHei, * an a rypMbic KspiHicrepi cyperreaeAi. Co- uaaAHCTiK EaGex Epi aTarua aapaa AaaKThi aAaMAapbiMbi3Abi JKypinibiAbia- Ka TaHbiCTbipy peTiHae «CouiiaAHCTiK Ka3aKCtaH» ra3eTi GeTiHAe Ae oiepa- lep 6acbuibin KeaeAi. Koaxo3Aapbi *aaa ea6ea aAaMaapuH aepceryAe, aAAbiMeH «Mhjuiho- aep» noBecTiH aiaypa 6oa3ah. Byji noBecrb waAFbi3 aa3aa coBeT aaeGaeTi KOAeMiHAe FaHa eMec, GyaiA OAaa KeAeMiiiae 3op 6aracuH a.ibm oTbippaH KVHAbi ubiFapMaHbia Gipi. IloBeCTia kyhahauph, TaabipuGbiHbiH, neMece KefiinaepAepiHia JKaaaAbiPUHAa FaHa eMec, Gyriari TEppaecTBOAUK eaGea anaMnapbiH, aybiA uiapyamhuiUFbiHAaFbi HOBaiop * a aa aiiaMAapABi iueGep cyperreyiHAe Goauii OTbip. 9ariMe «AMaHreAAi» K0AX03biHbia aeAemeri wafibiHAaFbi, wocnap *afi- UHAapbi afiTMCTaH OacTaAaAbi. Eai Typai wocnap ycbiHbiAFaa. Bipi — koa- xo3Abia 63iHAe Gap KyuiiBe rnaaTan wacaAFan koaxo3 GacTUFbi JKaKbinrbiH wocnapu; CKiamici — koaxo3 TipmiAiriHe Gyriiiaeil waaaAbiK eHri3in, oau MHAAnoHcp Aapcwecine we?Ki3y JKOAUH Kepcerxea JKoMaprrbiii wocnapu.

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ophmaay McojiMH.naFhi enGex epimn KbifibiiiabHCTbi naaafi xcenreHiH, TaGucxa xcery woanHaarhi naxibipabi, caaajiu, TaGaaau xypeCTepiH afinbiH Kep- cemefial. Eya perre Ka3ax *a3yuibiaapbi enGex epniri. xcana Kypbuibic TaKbipun- TapuHa jKasbiaFan AwaeBTin «MocKBaaaH aaucra*, B. ropGa-roBTHH «floH- 6acc», T. HnxoaaeBaHun «Opan YCT*HAe>, n . naanenKoiibiH «Eanbrr» arru poMaaaapHHaH yarl ajran, yfipenyi KepeK. Ka3aK waayiubuiapbiHhm KefiGip maFapMaaapwHflaFU KeMiniaixTepai a.wuHFU Kaiapau optic cobct aae- 6HeriHin xcancbi yariaepiMeH ca.mcTbipa orapbin, Tepen Tycmy Kaxcer 60- KaaaK *a3yim>iaapbiHiJi( enGex epairi TaKupufibiHa xca3biaFaH uihiFap- MajiaptiHUH xemniairinae ani KyHre aefiiH xoaxosatin eMipiH, aan irniHO xipe, taxi en6ex, TypMbic caanjHa apajiaca, Tepen TyciHin, Gijiin-xcernereH- airi 6a0Kajia«bi. 0nriMe, oxepKTepae xca3ymbiaap xoax03au, onaaru enGex eMipin hiaFbift KHaupun Capa n a ir a , uauiHHamjii. a m m ycTiiieH FaHa xe- pin, nonax Goxbin orupun xana 6inin xca3a.au. Mucaau, K. LUaiiFbnCaeB- Tbm «Op Gofibinaa* aereH oiepxiHae xoaxo3<5eH Taiibicyti MbiHaaaii: Xa3ymu jxoaGofibiH, oiiaaFbi epcia-Kapcua afbiaun xcaxxaH Mauimia- Haaapau 03i MauinHaaa xcypin xeae xcaran xepin TaMamaaan: «MeH on SKaFUMaa orapFaH... XCyMaraaHeBKe xapan: —He aereH rauaiua xcoa? — aefiMiH. ... XyMapajiHeB Memn ceaiMe wapKMH xyaincipen. 6ac H3eai: — 9pi-Gepai xcypin waTK.au MamHHaaan nyppaMafiau, Taman ieric- Ten KeTneciH 6e?... — KaRaaH Keae xcaThip? — aefiMiH MeH Taru aa. — «YiuiHini HHTepHaiiHOHaaaaH*... — Bafi Koaxo3 CKeH rofi e3i. — Bafi GoaraHaa me.'.... Ocuaan Kefiiu MauiHHaMeii 3bipaaTbin oa xca3ymbi Koaxo3pa xeneni. Keace, xchifiHaahic 60abin xcarup eKeH. JKufiHaaucTapbi 6ip maaaHK ce3iB Tbinaan; «Harti3 anpHxcep cuhkth eKeti», —aen TannaHanbi. >Kaayuiij oa Koaxo3(5eH ManiHHa ycriHae, coa xchifiHaabiCTa FaHa Ta- mjcbin Grreni. Aji, Koaxo3auH iniKi enGex eMipiH, xcyMbic Gapucbm GiaMefi- ai, coHauKTaB TpaKTopabw Maft xciGepeTin xinixene TeciicrepiHin Gipine napa- niHGtiH Kipin KeTin, Tpaicrop xcapra carar xcypMefi Kanau aen xca3aabi. Ceftrin, enGex epi TpaxTopmbmbw naxcupau xypecneH xcenin uibiFaTHH en aop KUfibmauFU «Kapa niuGbm* GojibinTid’. KefiGip aKHH, xca3ynibiaap 63nepinin oaepx, anriMeaepiHae K33ipri xoa- S03aaFU repofiaapMeH KoaMa-Koa TaHbicaau aa, HopMa xcocnapaun xaH- maauKTbi ophiHaaaFaHbi Typaau nn4>p, npoueHrrepai KeaTipeai. Oa npo- aeHT, UH^paapaun Ma3MyHUH amnafiau. Pepofiabin epairiH, en6eK npoue- ciH KepKeM uiwHauK aapexceciHe nerepe GiaMefiai. B. raHHHHiit floHGacc Typaabi oiepicrepi H3FH3 e«GeK epaepiH rneGep cypeTrereH uibiFapaa. Bya nibiFapMaaa opGip aaaM MyMKiHairi xcok cusktu eje KbifibiH xcyMbiCTapau, xcocnapaapahi opbmaay apnuabt KepiHeai. 0Hai- picriH TexHHKaawK e«6eK npoaeciH aaaMaapauH GeaceHai, xcirepai apexeTi apxbiabi cypenefiai. Kasas xcasyiubiaapbiHbiH GipTaaaflu, enGex, Kypuabic eMipiHin xyp- aeai npouecrepin aapaH TaxupbiGbiHun xeaeMinae Tepen xepxeMaen Cepe aaMafiau._Ipi ©nepxacin, afiraabin, Kaparanau, Baanam, TeMip xcoa xypu- aacbi xcafibinaaFU aHriMe, onepicrep Gbiaafi TypcbiH, ayua mapyauibiabiFbi TanupbiGbrna xcasuaFaH anriine, oncpicrepain xe6iHae ae KH3uania, Tapu, Maxra, aanai eric wafluiraaFu MaaiMenep, coa ericrepain HaKra e3iiiaiK,

wapaTbiJibicTbiK cuBnaTbi, OFaH wyiacaapaH y3/<iK arporexiiHxaabix ruaUM MeH aaaiti euSeriHiii uiemywi poaxaepi aypaic, aHhiK CepiaMefifli. Kefiae Tiirri TexmiKaiibin Merney apTTa xaaran ynriaepiH aSiun, *a- symtJ 03i eMipai 6iaMefiriHairiH KepceTeai. Maceaeii, F. MycpenoBTbm Ka- paraHaw maxTepaepiaia enfieK epairi lypaau waspan «TapjiaHaap» arrbi sHriMeciaae uiaxiepaepaiH epairi xaBaaMen xeMip rnaOy apxbuihi KepiHeai. Bya ateHiaae d. SfiimeBTiH «_Hocthk nen Maxa66ar» nbecacbiii.ua, 0. HreH- capTOBTUH «JIaBaaaFbi euip» nosMacbinaa enipKscinieri, KapaFaiiau max- TacuHaaFU eaOeK eMipimn, TexHHKaauK npouccTcpain fiipxaTap iubiHAbiFbiii aypbic CepiareHairiH KepeMi3. Eh6ck epacpiH (ScBHeaeyae xa3ax wa3ynibiaapbiHbiH mbirapMacuHaafu eximiii 6acTu xeMniiaix —w aaran poMaiiTHKara caauHyuiuauK, (po/ibK.' aan Koa y36eymiain. Koaxo3aun y3ai« Maauibiaapbi, MaxTaiubiaapbi, ei rniaepi rypaabi wa3bUiraH axriMe, oaepK-repaia 6ipraaafluHaa stc afixbiH, eprea aaMbin weTiaeTiH, $axTiaep weTxiaixTi ryfiiHAeain ajibin6aflabi. By- riHri * a n a aaaMaapaua Cofibma, iciHe xoiibiMCbm, epTeri, axuara ynca Ke3fleflcoK (jiaKTijiep aabiHbm cypcrrejiefli. FepofiaapahiH enOex eMiplnae CeaceHai iciHen repi wene GacuiiaaFu, ceMbHCUHaapU apaMaaapu, aocr KH3biKTan aiirujibin Kereai. CefiTeai ae, waaymbi 03Ihih TaKbipbi6wHaai Oeariai 6ip exnipicrix caaatibi xepceTyni Myaae Keaeaxeae xaaabipbin, x xe repofiaapabm ewipiiie GaHjiamjcThi «xbi3bix» oiiriMeaepai, Maxa66aT • pxxbiH, ceMbHaaFU apa3auK, TaTyaux xtaBaapuH xeOipex aBran xere MaceaeH, Sawannap OGiuieBTin «YaxeH woaaa» arrM noBecrixae waap poHaiiTMKa, <t>oabxaop i3ineH uiura ajiMayuibi-nuK, 0Mip uibiHAbirbiH ycTi afiTyuihiabiK, Heri3ri TaxbipbiSbiHaH wafibuiun xeTyuiiaiK opbiu a.rran. 9' uieBTiH Heriari xefiinxepi Capwan iueaaaaaiibi 3eprreyre arraHanhi. Bipax oa aTraiiFaH, uieaaaaacbiHa were ajiuaSau, woauibiCaii aua xoaxo3aa 6ip, MHHa xoaxo3aa 6ip xoxran, w ayanru xu3MeixepaepMCH xucbip sxriMeHi coFbin, yaxbiTbiii 6oc erxisyMeii 6oaaabi. Oh;i<i rex xeaemex rypanu, men- aaaaHbi Mexrepy rypaau xyppax xua.i raHa 6ap, enixaimaii FbiabiMaux, TBopqecTBoabix Kawupabi exCcx wox. Ooabxaop capbiHbiHa Tycin, ycaxTan xeTymiaiKTep Maamu.rap Typaahi wasuaran onriMe, oiepxrepae ae xe3aeceai- Bya Taxbipunxa wa3biaFan aiirlMeaepain xefiiHjie repofiaapflbm, exSexxe, Maa wapyainhi.iuFhiHa kom- MyHHCTix Ke3Kapacbm, yxunTbiabiFbiH ambin xepceTyain opHbixa, xacitbip- MeH aaucbin-wyaucxaHabiPbiH afiraabi. dpmie, xacxbip Maaabin yaxeH wayu exenairi pac. Maa SaFyuibiaap, Maa ecipymiaep, c©3 wox, xacxupFa xapcu xypeceai ae- Oran xapcu xypecTi ae xepceTe orapy xawer. Bipax, 6apaux SHriMeHix Haenaux KepxeMaix, crowerrix Tyflixi xacxupMeH aabicy yaxuB- ■acbiHa Fana xypuaMayu xepex. Bya oaic, SypbiHFbi wa3ymbiaapaux can peT manbin, iuapaan eTxeH, xapi wypra cuaxra napce. Oh3h coh, 6ya oxri- Me, oqepxTepae repofiaap xacxupabi oxafl wexe xoaabi. M. HManwaiioB «JlaaaaaFu ot» axriMeciHae waaFbra wac fianaHH xapaiirbi Tyxae exi xac- Kupwen aabiCTbipaau. KacbiapaH wepae 6aaara exi a r 6oaucaabi («>Kac- Tbix» wbiBnaFbi, 1948 wbiaw). C. BeraaHHHiu «K,aJiHMaH» arrbi aiiriMecinae wbiaxbiuibi xu3 xacxup- aaauunxoxHeiTuaenxi.a1fibipun axeain, ripiaefl Safiaan ycran, rysiaxma xoabiHa iain * . M- SyeaoBTun «Acua Haciaaep* arrbi ouriMeciHae exixa6aT koBiuh (\"©paeyb^aSBHaFUHaaT KacKh‘p'abl !Kaay “ VP*\" TanxneH ypun aaaabi * Mf . UUIU’re|’Si \" w li* CipxaTapbiHbix epairi, Mine ocmiaaB epreri qjojibxaopabiH oopa3bma yxcac cypeTreain xereai. CefiTin, waaymhiaapaUR

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