ຄະນິດສາດ_ຄູ່ມື_Math

dyf9tdemu # ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76.shoadIPovjkodyf9tde 0h=mu # .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]td7qocdhdyf9tde.ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 768yf8k,g[jy’oadIPoc8]j t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8]j t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tde 3fpd;f.ldj tfkoD 7e8v[ G !#&F$ S (*$F)! S )#!F@&& S &_*F$(@ S *()F#$D dyf9tdemu $ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovkj odyf9tde 0h=mu $ .oxB,c[[IPoD { 760Pog]d.odyf9tde 0h=mu $ .ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj’D { 760uf8k8t]k’sq;|;j p;afcmd];’pk; .ldj tfkoD { 76.shoadIPovklklt\\advvdwx0Pog]d.lj8k8t]k’ c]h;0Pogxao9eo;o mqfltoypq, 3fp.-h m gxaosq;|;j pF zh6]t ! 9eo;o X!W 7qo? { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeF cotoeoadIPo9qfdjkpgxao[qfIPoD dyf9tdemu & { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjkodyf9tde 0h=mu & .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76.shoadIPocdhdyf9tde 0h=mu & .ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 768yf8k,g[jy’c8]j t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8]j t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts5^[dyf9tde.ldj tfko .shoadIPog[jy’D { 76cotoeoadIPo.shdkj p.97;k,.oxB,c[[IPo.ljxB,0Po0v’8qo X[+c8h,I6[?D dyf9tdemu * { 760Po[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu ! .lhdtfko .shoadIPog[jy’D { 76vtmy[kpgoNv.o[qfg/ydsaf .shoadIPo2a’D 148

{ 76.shoadIPovklklt\\advvdwxxjPosq;|;j p c]h;7yfw]jD s^a’9kdoAo d=0Pozqo vvd.l.j sh\\j6g[yj’ X$ 7qo?D 7e8v[ G dD $ cm T # mm = $F# cm 0D 5cm 6 =5, 6cm 10 7D c3 # 101 cmm + 5cm = 5, 3cm ’D c5 # 2 cmm = 10 cm =1cm 10 10 dyf9tdemu ( ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovkj o[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu @ .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5j,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { 76cotoe.shc8]j td5j,cdh[qfg/ydsaffaj’dkj ; .ljg9hp[aombd0v’dj5,8qoD { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8]j tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsao;jkdj5,.fpa’gIaf[+wfh 76-;j pcotoe8nj,D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8]j tdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh\\6j2a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeF rhv,-q,g-upd5j,mjugIaf4nd8hv’fuD dyf9tdemu ) { 76.shoadIPovkj o[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu $ c]t 0=hmu & .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j td5j,cdh[qfg/ydsaffaj’djk; .ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 768yf8k,g[jy’c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD { 76lts5^[3fpdko0Po.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[jy’ grnjvxa[x5’0h=zyfD { 76.sh;Pd[hko [qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu # c]t *D 149

V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ la’gdf9kd G { dko;afcmd];’pk;F dko0Po9eo;omqfltoypq,F dkoxP[mP[9eo;omqf ltoypq,fh;pdaowfh sn^ [+L { dkogIaf;Pdgxaodj5,0v’oadIPo ,u[aopkdkf c]t m5d7qo,ulj;oI;j ,[+L { 7tcoo0v’oadIPo wfh8k,7kf\\kpmju76wfh;k’w;h s^n [+L 150

[qfmu $* I6[c[[8kj ’M.odko0Po9eo;omqfltoypq, ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g;]k $ -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kf G { 0Po9eo;omqfltoypq,rkp.8hI6[c[[8jk’MwfhD { xP[mP[9eo;omqfltoypq,mju.sh,krkp.8hI6[8jk’MwfhD IID goNv.o8Qo8= { I6[c[[dko0Po9eo;omqfltoypq,D { dko0Po9eo;omqfltoypq,.oI6[c[[dt9kp0v’dko76oD { dkovjko9eo;omqfltoypq,D IIID lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD$ D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! { 76.shoadIPom5d7qovkj odyf9tde 0h=mu !D { 764k,G grjyo8hv’dko.shgIafspa’L X.sh0uf8+I6[c[[dko0Pomujltcf’ g4y’9eo;ofP;dao.ljdao? { 76c[j’d5j,oadIPo8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { .shc8]j tdj5,-j;pdao0uf8+ c]t .shgsfzqoD { s^a’9kdc8]j tdj5,c]h;M .sh ! dj5,ltg|uzqo’ko8qogv’ 1j6dtfkoD { dj5,vnjoM8yf8k,dko0Po0v’d5j,oU mP[.l0j v’dj5,8qogv’D { 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;f c]t lts5^[dyf9tdeD 151

dyf9tdemu @ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovjkodyf9tde 0h=mu @ .oxB,c[[IPoD { 764k,g4y’7;k,g0Qk.9;jkG gryjo8hv’dko.shgIafspa’L .shoadIPo8v[ 76cotoegruj,g8u,D { 76.shoadIPovklt\\advvdwx0Pogmnvj ]t9eo;o 7nfja’8q;1jk’D { 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;fwxgmnjv]t9eo;o grnjvgxaodkolts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu # { 76oerkoadIPolts5^[8k,.97;k,D { s^a’9kdoAo oadIPo9qfdjkpgxao[qfIPoD dyf9tdemu $ { 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qogIaf[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu @ c]t 0h=mu # .lxj B,0v’.z]k;D { 76d;f.sh7tcoooadIPoc8j]t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daod;f c]t lts5^[dyf9tdeoUD dyf9tdemu & { 76c[’j dj5,oadIPo 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { .shc8]j td5j,-j;pdaogIafdyf9tde 0h= # c]t 0h= $D { 768yf8k,dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v’oadIPoD { .shc8j]td5j,ltg|uzqo’kodkogIafdyf9tde 0h= # c]t 0h= $ 16jdtfkoD { 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daod;f c]t lts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu * { 76.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovjkodyf9tde 0h=mu & c]t 0h=mu *D { 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qolt\\advvd,k0Po9eo;o .o0h=mu & gmnjv]t9eo;oD { 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;f c]t lts5^[dyf9tde 0h=mu &D { 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qolt\\advvd,k0Po8k,8q;1jk’.odyf9tde 0h= * .ljdtfko zh6]t9eo;oD { 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daod;f c]t lts5^[dyf9tde 0h= *D 152

dyf9tdemu ( ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qogIaf[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu !F 0h=mu $ c]t 0h=mu & .lxj B,0Po0v’ .z]k; zh6]t ! 0h= X76deoqf.sh?D { 76gda[xB,oadIPowxd;f c]t .sh7tcooD { 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,d;f c]t lts5^[.ljdtfko c]h;cotoe.shoadIPo9qf djkpgvqkD { 76lts5^[3fpdko0Po.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[jy’ grnjvxa[x5’0h=zyfD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kd G { 7;k,gvqk.9.l0j v’oadIPo .og;]kxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { dkogIaf;Pdgxaodj5,0v’oadIPoD { dkogIaf[qfg/ydsaf0v’oadIPoD { 7tcoo0v’oadIPoD 153

[qfmu $( dko[;d9eo;omqfltoypq, ID 95fx tlq’ g;]k # -qj;3,’ .shoadIPolk,kf[;d9eo;omqfltoypq,wfhD IID goNv.o8Qo8= { dkovjko9eo;omqfltoypq,D { dko0Po9eo;omqfltoypq,D { dko[;d9eo;omqfltoypq,D IIID lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo xB,c[[IPo 7toyflkf xD$ D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76.shoadIPovjko c]t la’gdfdyf9tde0=hmu !D { 764k,G grjyo8hv’dko.shgIafspa’L .sh0Po9eo;omqfltoypq,.oI6[ c[[dt9kpD { 76c[’j d5j,oadIPo8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { .shc8j]td5j,-;j pdaogIafdyf9tde0h=mu !D { 76.shc8j]td5j,zafxjPodaowx0Pogmnjv]t9eo;o 9qo7q[m5dM9eo;oD { 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daod;f c]t lts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu @ { 76.shoadIPovjko c]t la’gdfdyf9tde 0h=mu @D { 764k,G grjyo.shgIafspa’L X.sh[;dg]d.odyf9tde 0h=mu @?D { 76.shoadIPovklt\\advvdwx[;dg]dgxao[A’16jdtfko zh6]t[A’ c]t .shvklt \\advvdwx[;dg]dgxaoc4;.ldj tfko 3fp8A’gxao[A’dvj o c]h;9b’j 0Pogxaoc4;16jdtfko zh6]t[A’9qoleg]afma’\\qfD 154

{ 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;f c]t lts5^[dyf9tdeD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dyf9tdemu # { 76oerkoadIPolts5^[8k,.97;k,D { 76.shoadIPo9qfdjkp.97;k,.ljxB,[qfIPo0v’.z]k;D dyf9tdemu $ { 76c[’j oadIPovvdgxaod5j,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76.shc8]j td5j,-j;pdaogIaf[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu ! c]t 0h=mu @ dj5,]t ! 0h= X76deoqf.sh?D { 768yf8k,dkogIaf;Pd0v’c8]j tdj5,D { 76.shc8]j tdj5,wx0Po.ldj tfko dj5,]t[A’D { 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;f c]t lts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu & { .shoadIPoc8j]t7qogIafpqfg/ydsaf 0=h #F 0h= $ c]t 0h= & .lxj B,0v’.z]k; zh6]t ! 0h= X76deoqf.sh?D { 76gda[xB,0v’oadIPod;f c]t .sh7tcooD { 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;f c]t lts5^[dyf9tdeD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kd G { dkovkj oF dko0Po c]t dko[;d9eo;omqfltoypq,D { dkogIaf;Pdgxaodj5,0v’oadIPoD { 7;k,lqo.90v’oadIPo8+dkoIPoD { 7tcoo0v’oadIPoD 155

[qfmu $) dko]q[9eo;omqfltoypq, ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g;]k # -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kf]q[9eo;omqfltoypq,wfhD IID goNv.o8Qo8= dkolhk’mjvo-nj c]h;8afvvd8k,mjudeoqf.shF dko]q[9eo;omqfltoypq, mju8A’gxao[A’D IIID lndj koIPo{dkolvo xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD$ D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! { 76c8h,I6[7nda[dyf9tde 0h= ! .ljdtfko .shoadIPog[jy’D { 76vtmy[kpdko8afmvj o-nj16j.oI6[.shoadIPo2a’ rhv,da[0Po.ljdtfko .shoadIPog[jy’g8n,j D { 760Po 0h= dF 0F 7 0v’dyf9tde 0h= ! .ldj tfko .shoadIPog[yj’D { 76vjkorhv,vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’c8j]t0h= .shoadIPo2a’8nj,D { 76cotoe.shoadIPozafxPj odao vklklt\\advvd,kcdhdyf9tdefaj’djk; zh6]t ! [A’ X[+.shc8h,I6[?D { 768yf8k,g[jy’dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v’c8]j t7qoF 4hkzh6.fcdh[+4nd 76d=xPj o .shzh6.\\jvvd,kcdhcmoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tde c]h;cotoe.shoadIPo9qfgvqkD dyf9tdemu @ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovjkodyf9tde 0=h @ .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shc8]j tdj5,cdhdyf9tdefaj’djk;.lgj 9hp[aombd 0v’d5j,8qogv’D 156

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8]j td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 76-j;pcotoe8jn,D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8j]tdj5, gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ldj tfko rhv,oeltg|uzqo’ko 0v’d5j,8qo.sh\\6j2a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeF -q,g-updj5,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv’D { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qo9qfdkj pgvqk7e8v[.ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’D dyf9tdemu # { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qo9qfgvqk.97;k,.oxB,c[[IPoD { 76vjko c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’.97;k,faj’dkj ; .shoadIPo2a’8nj,D { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo9qfgvqk.97;k,.lxj B,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu $ { 76dkj p[qfg/ydsaf0h=mu ! .ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj’D { 76.shoadIPozafxPj odaovklklt\\advvdwxcdh[qfg/ydsaffaj’djk; zh6]t ! [A’D { 768yf8k,g[yj’dkocdh[qfg/ydsaf0v’vklklt\\adc8]j t7qo 4hkgsao;jkzh6 .fcdh[+4nd 76d=xjPo.shzh6vnoj vvdwxcdhcmoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu & { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovjko c]t la’gdf[qfg/ydsaf0h= @F # c]t $ .o xB,c[[IPoD { 76cotoe;ymucdh[qfg/ydsaffaj’dkj ; .shoadIPo2a’8jn,D { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5j, 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j tdj5, cdh[qfg/ydsaffja’dkj ;.lgj 9hp[aombd0v’dj5,8qo gv’ dj5,]t ! 0h= X76deoqf.sh?D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[jy’c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsao;jkdj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 157

76-j;p cotoe8jn,D ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76.sh8k’|hkc8j]td5j,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|uzqo’ko 0v’d5j,8qo.sh\\j62a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,lts5^[dyf9tde.ldj tfko c]h;cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qo 9qf djkpgvqkD dyf9tdemu * { 76vjko[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu & rhv,vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’39foAo .shoadIPo2a’D { 76cotoe.shc8j]t7qocdh39ffaj’dkj ; .ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kd G { dko7yfw]jg]d]q[dPj ;da[9eo;omqfltoypq, oadIPoc8]j t7qogIafwfh4nd 8hv’ sn^ [+L { dkoxt8y[afdyf9tdedj5, oadIPo,u7;k,lk,ad7u-j;pgsn^vg-yj’dao c]t dao sn^ [+L { 7tcoomjuc8j]t7qowfhIa[oAo wfh8k,]tfa[7kf\\kp|hvp{s^kpxko.fL 158

[qfmu $_ dko76o9eo;omqfltoypq,da[9eo;o4h;o ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g;]k # -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kf7yfw]jg]d76omjugxao9eo;omqfltoypq,da[9eo;o4h;owfhD IID goNv.o8Qo8= dko76o9eo;omqfltoypq,da[9eo;o4h;o c]t dko76o9eo;omqfltoypq, da[ !WF !WW c]t !WWWD IIID lndj koIPo{dkolvo xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD$ D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! { 76dkj pdyf9tdemu ! .ljdtfko .shoadIPog[jy’D { 76vtmy[kp c]t 7yfw]gj ]d[A’|bj’ .shoadIPog[jy’gxao8q;1kj ’ g-jao $ V #F) = #F) T #F ) T #F ) T #F) =!&F@ { 76.shoadIPozafxjPodaovklklt\\advvd,kcdh[qfg]dmujgsn^v1j6dtfko zh6]t ! [A’D { 768yf8k,g[jy’dkocdhg]d0v’c8j]t7qoF 4hkgsaoz6j.fcdh[+4nd 76d=xjPo .shzh6vnjovvd,kcdhcmoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tde c]h;cotoe.shoadIPo9qfgvqkD dyf9tdemu @ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovkj o c]t la’gdfg[jy’dyf9tdemu @ .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76c[’j oadIPovvdgxaod5j,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shc8j]tdj5,cdhdyf9tdefja’dkj ;.lgj 9hp[aombd0v’dj5,8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[jy’c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf76-j;p cotoe8jn,D 159

{ 76.sh8k’|hkc8j]tdj5, gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ldj tfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh\\6j2a’D ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeF -q,g-updj5,mju8v[wfh4nd8hv’D { 76vjko.97;k,rhv,ma’vtmy[kpgoNv.o.shoadIPo2a’D { 76cotoe.shc8]j t7qo9qfgvqk.97;k,.lxj B,0Po0v’8qogv’D dyf9tdemu # { 76cotoe.shc8]j t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu ! .lxj B,0Po0v’8qogv’ zh6]t & [A’ X76deoqf.sh?D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v’c8]j t7qoD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8]j t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu $ { 76dkj p[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu @ .ljdtfko .shoadIPog[jy’D { 767yfw]jg]d.o8k8t]k’.shoadIPog[yj’gxao8q;1kj ’ 8k8t]k’]t|bj’9eo;oD { 76.shoadIPozafxjPodaovklklt\\ad vvd,kxP[mP[9eo;o muj760Pow;h16j dtfko zh6]t ! [A’D { 76cotoe.shoadIPozafxjPodaovklklt\\advvd,k7yfw]gj ]d c]h;0Po8nj, .lj.o8k8t]k’ zh6]t ! 9eo;oD { 768yf8k,g[yj’dko7yfw]jg]d0v’c8]j t7qoF 4hkgsaozh6.f[+g0Qk.9 sn^ 7yfw]zj yf d=xjPo.shzh6vnjovvd,k7yfw]jcmoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tde c]h;cotoe.shc8j]t7qo9qfdkj pgvqkD dyf9tdemu & { 76cotoe.shc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0h=mu # .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shc8]j tdj5,cdh[qfg/ydsaf0h=fja’djk; .ljg9hp[aombd0v’dj5,8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[jy’c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;p cotoe8nj,D 160

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{ 76.shoadIPolt\\advvd,kgIaf16jdtfko.odyf9tde0h=mu ! gmnvj ]t7qo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 9qoleg]afm5dM9eo;oD { 76oerkoadIPolts5^[dyf9tdeoUD dyf9tdemu @ { 76c[’j d5,j oadIPo8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { 76.shd5j,mu ! -j;pdaogIafdyf9tde 0h=mu @D D d5j,mu @ -j;pdaogIafdyf9tde 0h=mu # D d5j,mu # -;j pdaogIafdyf9tde 0h=mu $ D d5j,mu $ -j;pdaogIafdyf9tde 0h=mu & { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[jy’c8]j td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76.sh8k’|hkc8]j td5j,vvdwxltg|uzqo’ko0v’d5j,8qo .sh\\6j2a’16jdtfkoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu # { 76.shc8]j t7qogIaf[qfg/ydsaf 0h= !F 0h= @F 0h= # .ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’s^a’9kd oadIPoc]h;M 76gda[xB,oadIPo d;f.sh7tcooD { 76ltg|uoadIPo,k0Po.ljdtfko7noc8j]t[A’D { 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;f c]t lts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu $ { 76c[’j d5j,oadIPo8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { .shc8j]tdj5,-j;pdaocdh[qfg/ydsaf 0h= $ c]t 0h= & sa^’9kdc8j]td5j,c]h;M .shltg|u3fpdko0Po.ldj tfkoD { 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daod;f c]t lts5^[dyf9tde faj’7e8v[ 0h= & ]5j,oUD 164

!@F(#& sq;ly[ sq;|j;p l;j oly[ lj;oIhvp l;j orao WF#W$ X#V!W?TX&VWFW!?TX*VWFWW!? !@ ( #& sqdIhvplk,l;j orao W# W$ g9af95fl6oshk|b’j &* #W W W# * &! (W dyf9tdemu & ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76.shoadIPoc8]j t7qogIaf[qfg/ydsaf0h= *F 0h= ( c]t 0h= ) .lxj B,0Po0v’8qo gv'zh6]t ! 0h= X76deoqf.sh?D { 76gda[d;f.sh7tcooc8]j t7qoD T 7e8v[ 0h= * dD ];’l6'0v’ ok’ 7efu !F@& m = !@& cm D ];’l6’0v’ mhk; 7e !F@$ m = !@$ cm D ];’l6’0v’ mhk; cdh; WF_) m = _) cm D ];’l6’0v’ ok’ lq,lu !F!) m = !!) cm D ];’l6’0v’ ok’ \\vo !F$& m = !$& cm 0D 7qomujl6’d;jk\\j6 c,jo ok’ \\vol6' !$& cm D 7qomju8Od;kj \\6j c,oj mhk; cdh; _) cm 7D 7;k,s^5f]noj ]ts;jk'7qomujl6'l5f c]t 8ej l5fc,oj 145 cm - 98 cm = 47 cm { 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;f c]t lts5^[dyf9tdeD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kd G { 7;k,gvqk.9.lj0v’oadIPoD { dkogIaf;Pdgxaodj5,0v’oadIPoD { dkocdhg]d0v’oadIPoD { 7tcoo0v’oadIPoD 165

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{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j td5j, cdh[qfg/ydsaffja’dkj ;.ljg9hp[aombd0v’dj5,8qogv’ Dສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8]j td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-;j pcotoe8jn,D { 76.sh8k’|hk0v’c8]j td5j, gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ldj tfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh\\6j2a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,lts5^[dyf9tdeF -q,g-updj5,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv’D dyf9tdemu * { 76vkj o39f.o[qfg/ydsaf 0h= # rhv,vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’39foAo .shoadIPo2a’D { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qocdh39ffaj’djk; .ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kd G { dko;afcmd];’pk;0v’c8j]t0hk’0v'c8]j tI6[ c]t dko;afcmd];’ Iv[3fp.-h sq;|;j p !cm oadIPogIafwfh4nd8hv’ sn^ [+L { dkoxt8y[afc8j]tdyf9tde;jkoadIPo,u7;k,lqo.9[qfIPo c]t ,u7;k,lk,ad7udao .og;]kxt8y[afdyf9tdedj5, |hvpF s^kpxko.fL { 7tcoomujc8]j t7qowfhIa[;kj wfh7kf\\kp|hvpF s^kplO.fL 168

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dyf9tdemu @ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovkj o c]t la’gdfdyf9tde0h= @ .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76vtmy[kp;ymu-vdsk9eo;o8kdk3i1j6.odyf9tdefaj’dkj ; .shoadIPo2a’8jn,D { 76c[’j oadIPovvdgxaod5j,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]tdj5,cdhdyf9tdefaj’dkj ; .lgj 9hp[aombd0v’dj5,8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[jy’c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;p cotoe8jn,D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8]j tdj5, gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh\\6j2a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeF -q,g-updj5,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv’D dyf9tdemu # { 76vjko c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’dyf9tde0=h # .shoadIPo2a’D { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdhdyf9tdefja’djk; .ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[jy’dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v’c8]j t7qoD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tde.ljdtfko c]h;cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t 7qo9qfdjkpgvqkD T coto7e8v[ G 12 34 5 1 6 7 8 9 10 2 34 5 11 12 13 14 15 16 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 I6[ dD I6[ 0D !* < goNvmuIj 6[ d < #& !) < goNvmuIj 6[ 0 < &* fa'j oAo G goNvmujI6[ d < goNvmujI6[ 0 170

dyf9tdemu $ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76c8h,I6[/kgInvogr16jdyf9tde0h=mu $ .ljdtfko.shoadIPog[jy’D { 76vtmy[kp;ymu7yfw]jgrnvj -vdskgoNvmuj0v’I6[/kgInvogroAo .shoadIPo2a’8jn,D { 76cotoe.shoadIPovklklt\\advvd,k-vdskgoNvmju0v’I6[/kgInvo groAo 9tgmjqkda[fyo9uj9addhvo1j6dtfko .sh\\6jg[jy’D { 768yf8k,g[jy’ 4hkzh6.fgIaf[+4nd 76d=xPj o.shzh6.\\vj vd,k-vdcmoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tde.ldj tfkoF cotoe.shc8]j t7qo9qfdjkp gvqk X[+c8h,I6[?D dyf9tdemu & { 76vkj o c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’dyf9tde0=hmu & .shoadIPo2a’D { 76c[’j oadIPovvdgxaod5j,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]tdj5,cdhdyf9tdefaj’dkj ;.lgj 9hp[aombd0v’dj5,8qogv’ D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;pcotoe8nj,D { 76.sh8k’|hk0v’c8]j tdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfkoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daod;fg[jy’ c]h;-q,g-updj5,mju8v[wfh4nd8hv’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,lts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu * { 76vkj o c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’.97;k,.shoadIPo2a’D { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo9qfgvqk.97;k,.lxj B,0Po0v’8qogv’ X[+c8h,I6[?D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v’c8j]t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD 171

dyf9tdemu ( ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovkj o c]t la’gdf[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76vtmy[kp;ymu-vdskgoNvmuj0v’c8j]tI6[3fpgvqkI6[ gxaosq;|j;p;afcmdD { 76.shoadIPovklklt\\ad8v[wxgmnvj ]t7qo xt,ko & { !W 7qo ;kj G c,oj I6[.f mju,ugoNvmju8jk’\\6jD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu ) { 76vjko c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’[qfg/ydsaf0h=mu @ .oxB,c[[IPo.shoadIPo2a’D { 76c[’j oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]tdj5,cdh[qfg/ydsaffaj’djk;.lgj 9hp[aombd0v’d5j,8qogv’ { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-;j pcotoe8nj,D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8j]tdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ldj tfko.sh\\j6g[yj’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeF c]h;-q,g-upd5j,mujgIafwfh4nd8hv’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu _ { 76vjko c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’[qfg/ydsaf 0h= # c]t 0h= $ .shoadIPo2a’D { 76cotoe.shc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffja’djk;.ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’zh6]t ! 0h= X76deoqf.sh?D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8]j t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD 172

V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ la’gdf9kd G { dkoxtg,uogoNvmuj c]t oe.-h]t[q[dko ;afcmdmuj9egxao8hv’.-hmt;u76o c]t v5xt76o0v’sq;|;j p|b’j oadIPogIafwfh4bd8hv’ sn^ [+L { dkoxt8y[afc8]j tdyf9tde;kj oadIPo,u7;k,lqo.9[qfIPo c]t ,u7;k,lk,ad7udao.og;]kxt8y[afdyf9tdedj5, |hvpF s^kpxko.fL { 7tcoomujc8j]t7qowfhIa[;kj wfh7kf\\kp|hvpF s^kplO.fL [qfmu &# sq;|j;p;afcmdgoNvmuj g;]k # -qj;3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kfg]nvdsq;|j;p;afcmdgonvmujF 0Po c]t xPj osq;|j;p;af cmdgoNvmjuwfhD IID goNv.o8Qo8= dkog]nvdsq;|;j p;afcmdgoNvmjuF dko0Posq;|;j p;afcmdgoNvmju.lj 8k8t]k’ c]t dkooe.-h8k8t]k’grnjvxPj osq;|j;p;afcmdgoNvmjuD IIID lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD$ D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovkj odyf9tde 0h=mu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76.shoadIPovklklt\\ad8v[7e4k,dyf9tde 0h=mu ! zh6]t ! 7e4k, X$ 7qo?D 173

{ 76 c]t oadIPolts5^[dyf9tde7noD G m@ T 7e8v[ G goNvmujshv’IPo.-h G cm@ goNvmjuxB,0Po.-h G km@ goNvmujxtgmf lxx]k; G m@ goNvmjufyogInvo.-h dyf9tdemu @ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjkodyf9tde0h=mu @ .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76c[’j oadIPovvdgxaod5j, 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]tdj5,cdhdyf9tdefja’djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v’dj5,8qo gv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[jy’c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-;j pcotoe8nj,D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8]j tdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfkorhv,oeltg|u.sh\\j62a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeF -q,g-upd5j,mujgIafwfhfuD { 76.shoadIPo9qf.97;k,.ljxB,[qfIPo0v’8qoD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dyf9tdemu # { 76cotoeoadIPovkj o[qfg/ydsaf0h=mu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76.shoadIPoc8]j t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffaj’dkj ;.lxj B,0Po0v’8qoD { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8]j t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[ 3fpd;f16jdtfkoD dyf9tdemu $ { 76.shoadIPola’gdf[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu # .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76djkp[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu # .ljdtfkoD { 76.shoadIPovklklt\\advvdwx0PodkoxPj osq;|;j p1j6dtfkozh6]t ! 9eo;o X$ 7qo?D 174

{ 76cotoedko0Po.shoadIPo2a’8nj,vudD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dyf9tdemu & { 76.shoadIPovjko[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu @ .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @ .lxj B,0Po0v’8qoD { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’oadIPoc8]j t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8]j t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[3fp.shoadIPovvdwxd;f16jdtfkoD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kd G { dkog]nvdsq;|j;p;afcmdgoNvmuj 4nd8hv’ sn^ [+L { dko0Po c]t xPj osq;|;j p ;afcmdgoNvmujwfh-O.fL { dkoI;j ,dyf9tdegxaodj5, oadIPo,u7;k,dt8n]n]Qo c]t ,ul;j oI;j , |hvpF s^kp lO.fL { zqodkowfhIa[7tcoo0v’oadIPo wfh8k,7kf\\kpmuj76;k’w;h |hvpF s^kplO.fL 175

[qfmu &$ lt4kotdkomugj xaovaf8klj;orq;rao ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g;]k $ -qj;3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kfcdhlt4kotdkomujgxaovaf8klj;orq;rao3fpvu’.lj75o ]adltot0v’8e]k < 76oda[ < sn^ < sko.sh <D IID goNv.o8Qo8= dkooe.-hg]d76o c]t g]dsko grnjv-vdskvaf8klj;orq;raoF dkooe .-hdik2yd c]t 8k8t]k’g0Qk.odko7yfw]jD IIID lndj koIPo{dkolvo xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD$ D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovjkodyf9tde 0h=mu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD { 760Podyf9tde 0h=mu ! .ldj tfkoF 76vtmy[kpgoNv.o.shoadIPo2a’D { 76.shoadIPovklklt\\advvd,k7yfw]j c]h;8jn,zqowfhIa[.ldj tfko .sj\\6jg[jy’ zh6]t ! [A’ X!W 7qo?D { 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu @ { 76.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovkj odyf9tde0h=mu @S # c]t $ .oxB,c[[IPoD { 768A’7e4k,g9kt9Y, dPj ;da[dyf9tde 0h=mu @S # c]t $D { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxao $ d5j, sn^ c[’j 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shc8]j td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tded5j,]t ! 0h= c8d8kj ’daofja’oU G dj5, ! c]t @ .shcdhdyf9tde0h=mu @ Xd5j,]t ! 8k8t]k’?F lj;od5j, # .shcdh dyf9tde0h=mu #F dj5, $ .shcdhdyf9tde0h=mu $D { 76.shc8]j tdj5,cdhdyf9tde.ljg9hp[aombd0v’dj5,8qoD 176

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsao;jkdj5,.fgIaf[+wfh ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 76-j;p cotoe8nj,vudD { 76.sh8k’|hkc8j]tdj5, gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ldj tfko rhv,ma’]kp’kozqo.sh\\j62a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeF -q,g-updj5,mjugIafwfhfuD dyf9tdemu # { 76cotoeoadIPoc8j]t7qovkj o[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu &F * c]t (D { 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdhdyf9tdefja’djk; .lxj B,0Po0v’8qo zh6]t ! 0h= X76deoqf.sh?D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[jy’ c8j]t7qo xt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8]j t7qoD { 76.shoadIPoc8]j t7qodkj p.97;k,.ljxB,[qfIPo0v’8qoD dyf9tdemu $ { 76cotoe.shoadIPovkj o[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffja’djk;.ljxB,0Po0v’8qoD { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8]j t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu & { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu @F #F $ c]t & .oxB, c[[IPoD { 76.shoadIPoc8]j t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffja’djk;.ljxB,0Po0v’8qo zh6]t @ 0h= X76deoqf.sh?D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’oadIPoc8]j t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD { 76d;f.ldj tfko.shoadIPog[jy’7noF zh6mjuzyf.shdkj p.lxj B,7no grnjvgxao[qfIPoD { 76.sh;Pd[hko [qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu *D 177

V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ la’gdf9kd G { dko7yfw]j]k7klyo7hkF dko7yfw]jg]d.l8j k8t]k’ c]t dko.-hdik2yd oadIPo7yfw]wj fh4nd8hv’ sn^ [+L { dkocdh39fF oadIPogIafwfh sn^ [+L { dkoIj;,dyf9tdegxaod5j, oadIPoc8j]t7qo,ul;j oI;j ,m5d7qoc]h;[+L { 7tcoomjuoadIPowfhIa[wfh7kf\\kp c]t s^5f7kf\\kplO.fL 178

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ[qfmu && dkocdhlt4kotdkomujgxaovaf8kl;j orq;rao g;]k @ -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kfcdhlt4kotdkomujgxaovaf8kl;j orq;rao3fpvu'.l7j 5o]adltot0v' 8e]k j j 76oda[j j s^n j j sko.sh j Dj IID goNv.o8Qo8= { dkocdhw0[aoskdjP;da[dkogxaovaf8kl;j orq;raoc,oj vu'.l7j 5o]adltot0v' 8e]k j j 76oda[j j s^n j j sko.sh j Dj IIID lndj koIPo{dkolvo xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD$ D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! { .shoadIPovvdwxcdhdyf9tde16jdtfko.sh\\j69qfgvqk.ooU769tgIaf|hkmugj xaoz6hcotoeF -;j pgsnvD dyf9tdemu @ { .shoadIPo9qfgvqk.97;k,.oxB,c[[IPoD dyf9tdemu # { .shc8]j t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu !.zc]h;djvo.shvvdcdh16jdtfkoD { s^a'9kdoAo.shoadIPo9afd5j,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v'shv' c]t gIaf[qfg/yd saf0=hmu @ 76gxaoz6h8yf8k,cotoeD { 76cotoe.shoadIPogIaf[qfg/ydsafmupj a'gs^nv16jgInvoD 179

7e8v[0v'dyf9tde G g[u # c]jo.ow]pt * dy3]c,af .-hg;]k ! -qj;3,'D oaddy]kg[u & w;d;jkg[u # lv'gmnjv ]k;8hv'.-hg;]k #W okmuD oaddy]kmujc]jo g[u # g[u & g[u @ g[u ! g[u $ g;]k.-hc]jo.ow]pt *W #W !@W @W $W * dy3]c,af Xgxaookmu? w]ptmugxaowxwfh.o !@W okmu !@ @$ * #* !) oaddy]kg[u & wfhmu @ c]t c]oj wfh @$ dy3]c,afD oaddy]kg[u ! wfhmu ! c]jowfh #* dy3]c,af rkp.o @W okmuD 7e8v[0v'[qfg/ydsafG 0=hmu !D 9eo;o]a' !@#$& ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ ]k7k #* WWW (@ WWW !W) WWW !$$ WWW !)W WWW Xgxaodu[? !W !& !) @W #& #*W WWW &$* WWW *$) WWW &@W WWW !@** WWW V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kd G { 7;k,gvqk.9.lj0v’oadIPoD { 7;k,g0Qk.9 c]t dko8v[7e4k,0v’oadIPoD 180

[qfmu &* g;]k ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g;]k # -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kf9af]PoI6[8k,g;]kdkog7jnvows;8kj ’M S xPj osq;|j;p ;afcmdg;]kwfhD IID goNv.o8Qo8= dko9af]Pogsfdko.sh4ndda[g;]kF dkoxjPog;]kF dko7yfw]gj ;]kmuj’kpfkpD IIID lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD$F 3,’F xt8ymyoD IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! { 76cotoe.shoadIPola’gdfI6[.odyf9tde 0h=mu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo9af]Podkog7njvows;.oI6[.sh4ndg;]kD { 76lts5^[fja’oU ) G WW 3,’ dtdP,vvdgfuomk’ !W G #W 3,’ g0Qk-q,l;olaf !@ G WW 3,’ Ia[xtmkovksko !# G WW 3,’ wx-q,|hkg0jnvooE’nj, !$ G WW 3,’ ]q’vk[oE { 76cotoedkoxjPo;aogxao-q;j 3,’F -qj;3,’gxaookmuF okmugxao;yokmu .shoadIPoIh6;ymu7yfw]j fja’oUG xPj o;aogxao-q;j 3,’ & ;ao V @$ -q;j 3,' = !@W -q;j 3,' xjPo-q;j 3,’gxaookmu !W -q;j 3,' = !W V *W okmu = *WW okmu xjPookmugxao;yokmu ) okmu = ) V *W ;yokmu = $)W ;yokmu { 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo7yfw]jdyf9tde 0h=mu @F #F $ c]t & .lxj B,0Po0v’ 8qogv’ zh6]t ! 0h= X76deoqf.sh?D { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8]j t7qoD 181

{ 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts5^[dyf9tde c]t .shoadIPodjkp.97;k,gxao [qfIPoD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dyf9tdemu @ { 76vkj o[qfg/ydsaf0h=mu !F @ c]t # .shoadIPo8yf8k,2a’D { 768A’7e4k,g9kt9Y,8k,[qfg/ydsafD { 769afoadIPogxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { 76cotoe.shc8]j td5j,cdh[qfg/ydsaf d5j,]t ! 0h= 8jk’dao .lgj 9hp[aombd0v’ d5j,8qo X76deoqf[qfg/ydsaf.shc8]j tdj5,? { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8]j tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsao;jkd5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-;j pcotoe8nj,D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8]j td5j,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,]kp’kozqo .sh\\6j2a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeF rhv,-q,g-upd5j,mjugIafwfhfuD dyf9tdemu # { 76.shoadIPocdh[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu $F & c]t * .ljxB,0v’8qoD { 768yf8k,g[yj’c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76 d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD { 76 d;f.ldj tfko.shoadIPog[yj’F 4hkzh6.fzyf .shdjkp7noD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kd G { dko9af]PoI6[wfh4nd8k,g;]kdkog7jnvows; sn^ [+L { dkoxjPosq;|j;p;afcmdg;]kF dko[;dF dko]q[F dko76og;]kwfh sn^ [+L { dkoIj;,;Pddj5,oadIPo,ul;j oIj;, c]t ,u[aopkdkf sn^ [+L { zqo7tcoomujwfhIa[]noj c]t s5^f7kf\\kplO.fL 182

[qfmu &( w]ptg;]k ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g;]k # -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kf9ecodw]ptg;]k c]t g;]kwfhD IID goNv.o8Qo8= { w]ptg;]kD { g;]kD { 39fdPj ;da[w]ptg;]k c]t g;]kD IIID lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD$D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! { 76.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovkj odyf9tde 0h=mu !D { 764k, grjyo8hv’dko.shgIafspa’L X.sh-vdskw]ptg;]k7v’czjofyo?D { 76.shoadIPolt\\advvdwxgIaf16jdtfkogmnvj ]t7qofaj’8q;1jk’ g9Qk2hk’j5, c,oj  !#(# { !#&# = @W xu c,jow]ptg;]k0Bo7v’czoj fyo @W xuD 76oerk oadIPogIafmeov’oU 9qoIvfg9Qkl5]ypt;q’lk.lj8k8t]k.shleg]afD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu @ { 76c[’j d5j,oadIPo 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { .shc8]j tdj5,-;j pdaocdh39f 0h= @ c]t 0h= # .odyf9tdeD { dj5,.fc]h;djvo d=.shg]nvdgvqkd5j,]t0h=wxcdh16jdtfkoD { s^a’9kdoAo 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;f c]t lts5^[dyf9tdeD 183

7e8v[ dyf9tde0h= @ mhk; 7egs^ad gIafdko1j6[=]ylafxtdaowr .-hg;]kgmqjkoU G @ xu ) gfnvo T ! xu * gfnvo RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR # xu !$ gfnvo = $ xu @ gfnvo • 7e8v[dyf9tde0h= # dD [vdg;]kF 0D w]ptg;]kF 7D [vdg;]kF ’D [vdg;]kD dyf9tdemu # ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76oerkoadIPolts5^[8k,.97;k,D { 76.shoadIPo9qfdjkp.97;k,.ljxB,0v’.z]k;D dyf9tdemu $ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovkj o[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD { 768A’7e4k, grnjv.shoadIPo8v[rhv,dao wxc8j]t7e4k, c8j d sk 9 9qoleg]afD • 7e8v[[qfg/ydsaf0h= ! dD g;]kF 0D w]ptg;]kF 7D w]ptg;]kF ’D w]ptg;]kF 9D g;]kD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD 184

dyf9tdemu & ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5j,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaf 0h= @F 0h= #F 0h= $F 0h= & .lgj 9hp [aombd0v’dj5,8qogv’ d5j,]t ! 0h= X76deoqf.sh?D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[jy’c8]j td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;pcotoe8jn,D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8]j td5j,0Boltg|uzqo’ko0v’d5j,8qo .ljdtfko.sh\\6jg[yj’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD • 7e8v[ 0h= @ Ivfxu !__# mhk;cdh; ,uvkp5wfh !( xuF Ivfxu @WWW mhk;cdh; ,uvkp5wfh @$ xuD 0h= # |a’lnry,;P’9ao.\\jlt[a[vvd ;aomu $} !} !__*D 0h= $ oadg8t[ko.-hg;]kg/yd-hv,.o ! vkmyfgmjqk _ -jq;3,’ @W okmuD 0=h & r=jmhk;7e ,uvkp5wfh #_ xu @ gfnvoD dyf9tdemu * { 76vkj o[qf39f 0h=mu * rhv,ma’vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’39foAo.shoadIPo2a’8jn,D { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qocdh39ffja’djk;.lxj B,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 768yf8k,g[yj’dkocdh39f0v’c8j]t7qoD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8]j t7qoD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kd G { dko9ecodw]ptg;]k c]t g;]k;jkoadIPo9ecodwfh4nd8hv’ sn^ [+L { dkocdh39fdPj ;da[w]ptg;]k c]t g;]koadIPog0Qk.9 c]t cdhwfh4nd8hv’ sn^ [+L { 7tcoomjuc8j]t7qowfhIa[;jkwfh8k,7kf\\kp|hvpF s^kplO.fL 185

[qfmu &) dkodeoqfmuj8A’.o8k|kj ’ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g;]k # -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kfdeoqf8q;xtlko0v’g,af g,njvIh6muj8A’0v’g,af1j6.o8k|kj ’ c]t \\kpg,af.l.j o8k|kj ’ g,njvIh68q;xtlko0v’,aoD IID goNv.o8Qo8= dkodeoqfg,af8kj ’M.o8k|kj ’D IIID lndj koIPo{dkolvo xB,c[[IPo 7toyflkf xD$D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! { 76c8h,I6[7nda[dyf9tde0h=mu ! .ldj tfko .shoadIPog[jy’D { 76vtmy[kp ;ymu-vdsk8q;xtlkog,af AF B c]t G .shoadIPog[jy’gxao8q; 1kj ’ 3fpvtmy[kp;jk G gIqkdeoqf8q;xtlko0v’g,af c,jo8hv’0Po8q;xt lko1j6glAog7Qkovodjvo c]h;9bj’0Po8q;xtlko16jglAog7Qk8A’8k,s^a’ g-jao G A X( S &? 8q;xtlkoovoc,jo ( S 8q;xtlko8A’c,oj &D { 76.shoadIPovklklt\\advvd,k-vdsk8q;xtlko0v’g,af C, D, E c]t H 16j.o8k’|kj ’1j6dtfko zh6]t ! g,afD { 76vtmy[kp;ymu\\kpg,af.l8j k|kj ’ g,njvIh68q;xtlko0v’,ao.shoadIPog[yj’ gxao8q;1jk’D { 76.shoadIPovklklt\\advvd,k\\kpg,af0h= 0 7n I (2 ; 3) ; J (13 ; 6) ; K (0 ; 7) ; L (11 ; 1) ; M (28 ; 7) .lj8k|jk’ zh6]tg,afD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD 186

dyf9tdemu @ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovkj o.97;k,.oxB,c[[IPoD { 76vjko c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’.97;k,fja’dkj ; .shoadIPo2a’8jn,D { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo9qfgvqk.97;k,.ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’D { s^a’9kdoAo 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;f c]t lts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu # { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovkj o c]t la’gdf[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu ! .oxB, c[[IPoD { 76c[’j oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j tdj5,cdh[qfg/ydsaffaj’dkj ;.lgj 9hp[aombd0v’ dj5,8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8]j td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;pcotoe8nj,D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8]j td5j,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oelt|u.sh\\j62a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeF -q,g-u[d5j,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv’D dyf9tdemu $ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu @ .lxj B,0PoD { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]t7qo xt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kd G { dkodeoqf8q;xtlko0v’g,af g,njvIh6mju8A’0v’g,af 16j.o8k|jk’ c]t dko\\kp g,af.lj.o8k|jk’ g,njvIh68q;xtlko0v’,aooadIPog0Qk.9 c]t gIafwfh sn^ [+L { dkoxt8y[afdyf9tdedj5, oadIPo,u7;k,lk,ad7udao sn^ [+L { 7tcoomjuc8j]t7qowfhIa[ wfh8k,7kf\\kp|hvp { s^kp-O.fL 187

[qfmu &_ dkog7jy’7n ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g;]k # -qj;3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kfc8h,lv’I6[muj,uskj 'ltg|u9kdcdofP;dao c]t [vdcdog7yj’ 7n0v’lv’I6[wfhD IID goNv.o8Qo8= dkola’gdfI6[F dkoc8h,I6[ c]t dko[vdcdog7yj’7n 0v’I6[8jk’MD IIID lndj koIPo{dkolvo xB,c[[IPo 7toyflkf xD$F g9hp !W czjoD IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! { 76pqdg9hp0k; ! czjo0Bo.shoadIPog[yj’ s^a’9kdoAora[g7jy’g9hp0k;oAo c]h;rnvvd c]t vtmy[kp.shoadIPoIh6;kj glAomju1j6mk’dk’0v’g9hpczjooU gvUo;jkG j jcdog7y’j 7n j Dj { 761kpg9hp0k;.shoadIPo38t]t ! czoj c]h;.shoadIPora[g9hp8k,muj76wfhlk myfzkj o,kc]h;rnvvds^a’9kdoAo 764k,;jk G • s^a’9kdrnvvdc]h; la’gdfgsaospa’L X8v[ G g9hpc[’j gxaolv’lj;ogmqjkdao?D • glAomju1j6]ts;jk’dk’ gvUo;kj co;.fL X8v[ G cdog7yj’7n?D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu @ { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5j, 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’D { 76cotoe.shc8]j td5j,cdhdyf9tdemu ! .lgj 9hp[aombd0v’d5j,8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[jy’dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v’c8j]tdj5,F 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0QkgIaf 76-;j pcotoe8nj,D 188

{ .sh8k’|hkc8j]td5j,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|udkoc8h, ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ I6[c]h;ra[.sh\\6jg[yj’rhv, { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeF -q,g-upd5j,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv’D dyf9tdemu # { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la’gdf[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu ! .oxB, c[[IPoD { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo cdhdyf9tdefaj’djk;.lxj B,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 768yf8k,g[yj’c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD dyf9tdemu $ { 76vjko c]t vtmy[kp.97;k,.shoadIPo2a’D { 76cotoe.shc8]j t7qo9qfgvqk.97;k,.ljxB,0Po0v’8qo X[+c8h,I6[?D { 768yf8k,g[jy’dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v’c8]j t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[goNv.o.97;k,vudgmnvj |b’j D dyf9tdemu & { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la’gdf[qdg/ydsaf0h=mu ! .oxB, c[[IPoD { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5j,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shc8j]td5j,cdh[qfg/ydsaf.lgj 9hp[aombd0v’d5j,8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[jy’dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v’c8]j tdj5,F 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk .9gIaf 76-j;pcotoe8jn,D { .sh8k’|hkc8j]td5j, gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ldj tfko .sh\\j6g[jy’D { 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daod;fg[jy’ c]t -q,g-upd5j,mjugIafwfh4nd8hv’D { 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD 189

dyf9tdemu * ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaf 0h=mu @ .lxj B,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 768yf8k,g[jy’dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v’c8]j t7qoD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD • cotoe7e8v[G .o # I6[oU I6[ 0 ,ucdog7yj'7nD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kd G { dkoc8h,I6[mju,usjk’ltg|u 9kdcdog7y'7n c]t [vd cdog7yj’ 7n0v’lv’I6[ oadIPogIafwfh sn^ [+L { dkoxt8y[afdyf9tded5j, oadIPo,u7;k,lk,ad7u-j;pgs^nvg-jy’dao c]t dao c]t 8v[wfhfu sn^ [+L { 7tcoomjuc8]j t7qowfhIa[;kj wfh8k,7kf\\kp|hvpF s^kplO.fL 190

[qfmu *W dkog7nvj ophkp ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g;]k $ -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kfc8h,I6[3fpoe.-hdkog7jnvophkp g-ajo G dkog7yj’7n c]t dko g7njvophkp8k,];’.f|bj’wfhD IID goNv.o8Qo8= dkoc8h,I6[mujg7yj’7ndao c]t dkog7njvophkpI6[8k,];’.f|b’j D IIID lndj koIPo{dkolvo g9hp8kdk3iF xB,c[[IPo 7toyflkf xD$D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovjko c]t la’gdfdyf9tde 0h=mu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76vtmy[kp;ymuc8h, c]t .ljluI6[fja’dkj ;.shoadIPo2a’8nj,D { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qoc8h,I6[faj’dkj ;.ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu @ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovjko c]t la’gdfdyf9tde 0h=mu @ .oxB, c[[IPoD { 76vtmy[kp;ymuc8h,I6[.odyf9tdefaj’dkj ;.shoadIPo2a’8jn,D { 76c[’j oadIPovvdgxaod5j, 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPo c]t 1kp g9hp8kdk3i.shc8]j tdj5,D { 76cotoe.shc8j]td5j,c8h,I6[faj’dkj ;.lgj 9hp[aombd0v’dj5,8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8]j tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;pcotoe8nj,D 191

{ .sh8k’|hkc8]j td5j, gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ldj tfko.sh\\6gj [yj’D ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daod;fg[jy’F -q,g-updj5,mjuc8h,wfh4nd8hv’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu # { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovkj o c]t la’gdfdyf9tde0h=mu # .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76vtmy[kp;ymuc8h,I6[mjug7jy’7n.sh2a’ rhv,ma’c8h,.ljdtfko.shoadIPo g[jy’gxao8q;1kj ’rhv, ! I6[D { 76c[’j oadIPovvdgxaod5j,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoc]h;1kp8kdk3i .shc8j]tdj5,D { 76cotoe.shc8]j tdj5,cdhdyf9tdefaj’dkj ;.lgj 9hp[aombd0v’d5j,8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8]j tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-;j pcotoe8nj,D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8]j tdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh\\6j2a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu $ { 76c8h,I6[16jdyf9tde 0h=mu $ .ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj’D { 76vtmy[kp;ymuphkpI6[wxmk’0;k ( 8kdk3i.shoadIPo2a’ rhv,c8h,I6[ .shoadIPog[yj’8nj,D { 76cotoe.shc8j]t7qoc8h,I6[fja’djk;.lxj B,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu & { 76vjko c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’.97;k,.shoadIPo2a’D { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo9qfgvqk.97;k,.lxj B,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 76vkj o c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’[qfg/ydsaf0h=mu ! .shoadIPo2a’c]h;4k, oadIPo;jk G I6[.fgxaoI6[g7jy’7nLF I6[.fgxaoI6[mujwfh9kddkog7njvophkpL 8v[ G I6[g7yj’7nc,joI6[ d c]t 7S I6[wfh9kddkog7njvophkpc,oj I6[ 0 192

{ 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8h,I6[fja’dkj ;.lxj B,0Po0v’8qogv’zh6]t ! I6[ X76deoqf.sh? c]h;.ljlu8k,7elja’0v’[qfg/ydsafoAoD { 768yf8k,g[jy’dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v’c8]j t7qo c]t .sh7ecotoewxrhv,D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu * { 76vkj o c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’[qfg/ydsaf0h=mu @ c]t # .shoadIPo2a’D { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5j, 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]tdj5, cdh[qfg/ydsaffaj’dkj ; .lgj 9hp[aombd0v’d5j, 8qogv’d5j,]t ! 0h= X76deoqf.sh?D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8]j td5,j xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-;j pcotoe8jn,D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8]j tdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko.sh\\6jg[jy’rhv,oe ltg|u.sh\\6j2a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeF -q,g-upd5j,mju8v[wfh4nd8hv’D ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dyf9tdemu ( { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko c]t la’gdf[qfg/ydsaf0h=mu $ .oxB, c[[IPoD { 76vkj o c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’[qfg/ydsaffja’djk; shoadIPo2a’8nj,D { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffja’djk;.ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 768yf8k,g[jy’dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v’oadIPoc8]j t7qoD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8]j t7qoD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kd G { dkoc8h,I6[3fpoe.-hdkog7yj’7n c]t dkog7njvophkp8k,];’.f|bj’;jk oadIPogIafwfh4nd8hv’lO.fL { dkoxt8y[afdyf9tdedj5,oadIPo,u7;k,lqo.98+[qfIPo c]t ,u7;k,lk ,ad7udao|hvpF s^kplO.fL { 7tcoomujc8]j t7qowfhIa[;kj wfh8k,7kf\\kp|hvpF s^kplO.f L 193

[qfmu *! m;o7no g;]k # -qj;3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kf7yfw]jg]d [;dF ]q[F 76o c]t sko xjPosq;|j;p;afcmd S xjPosq;|j;pg;]k c]t \\kp95f8kj ’M.l8j k|jk’wfhD IID goNv.o8Qo8= dko7yfw]gj ]d[;dF ]q[F 76o c]t sko xPj osq;|;j p;afcmdS xPj osq;|;j pg;]k c]t \\kp95f8kj ’M.lj8k|kj ’D IIID lndj koIPo{dkolvo xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD$D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dyf9tdemu ! { 76djkp[A’g]d.odyf9tde0h=mu ! .ldj tfko xtgrf]t ! [A’ faj’oU G 12 1 3 5, 6 _4 5 6, 3 7 2, 4 3 6 8 4 + x 2 7, 4 1 5, 4 8 2, 8 { 76.shoadIPozafxPj odaovklklt\\advvd,kcdhg]d.ldj tfko.sh\\6jg[yj’zh6]t ! [A’D { 768yf8k,g[yj’F 4hkskdzh6.fcdh[+4nd d=xPj o.shzh6vnoj vvd,kcdhcmoD { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qo cdhg]dmujpa’gsn^v16j.odyf9tde mu ! .ljxB,0Po 0v’8qogv’ zh6]t $ [A’ X[;dF ]q[F 76o c]t sko? xtgrf]t ! [A’ X76deoqf.sh?D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’oadIPoc8]j t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tde c]t .sh7ecotoewxrhv,D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD 194

dyf9tdemu @ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovkj o c]t la’gdfdyf9tde0h=mu @ .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76c[’j oadIPovvdgxaod5j, 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { .shc8]j tdj5,cdhdyf9tde0h=mu @ .ljg9hp[aombd0v’dj5,8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[jy’c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaodj5,.f[+g0QkgIaf 76-;j pcotoe8jn,D { .sh8k’|hkc8]j td5j,gvqkg9hp[aombd0v’d5j,8qowx8yf.ldj tfkorhv,oeltg|u.sh\\j62a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu # { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qola’gdfdyf9tde 0h=mu # .oxB,c[[IPoD { 760Po8q;1kj ’.o0h=faj’dkj ;oAo.ldj tfko rhv,vtmy[kpc8]j t[kfdhk;.odkocdh g]doAo.shoadIPo2a’8jn,D { 76.shc8j]t7qocdhg]d0h=fja’dkj ;zh6]t # [A’ .lxj B,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[jy’c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76.sh8k’|hkc8]j tdj5,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ldj tfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh\\6j2a’D { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD dyf9tdemu $ { 76dkj pdyf9tde 0h=mu $ .ldj tfko.shoadIPog[jy’D { 76vtmy[kpdkoxPj osq;|j;p;afcmdrhv,0Po.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[jy’faj’oU dD !& m = !&W dm S 0D *&) dm = *&F) m { 76cotoe.shoadIPozafxPj odaovklklt\\advvd,k0Po8nj,.l1j 6jdtfko.sh\\j6g[yj’D { 768yf8k,dko0Po8nj,0v’vklklt\\adc8j]t7qoF 4hkzh6.f0Po[+4nd 76d=xjPo .shzh6.\\jvvd,k0PocmoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts5^[dyf9tde.ldj tfkoc]h;cotoe.shc8j]t7qo9qfgvqkD 195

dyf9tdemu & ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovkj o c]t la’gdfdyf9tde 0h=mu & .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76vtmy[kpdkoxPj o-jq;3,’gxaookmuF gxao;yokmu.shoadIPo2a’8nj,D { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaodj5, 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shc8j]tdj5,cdh[qfg/ydsaffja’djk; .ljg9hp[aombd0v’d5j,8qogv’ d5j,]t ! 0h= X76deoqf.sh? { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[jy’c8j]tdj5,x8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76.sh7ecotoe8nj,D { 76.sh8k’|hk0v’c8]j td5j,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh\\6j2a’D { 76 c]t oadIPo rhv,daolts5^[dyf9tdeF -q,g-upd5j,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv’fuD dyf9tdemu * { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovkj o c]t la’gdfdyf9tde 0h=mu * c]t ( .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76vtmy[kp;ymucdh0h=mu * c]t ( .shoadIPo2a’8nj,D { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qocdhdyf9tdefaj’dkj ;.ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’ zh6]t ! 0h= X76deoqf.sh?D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[jy’c8]j t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kd G { dko7yfw]gj ]d [;dF ]q[F 76o c]t sko xjPosq;|;j p;afcmd S xjPosq;|;j pg;]k c]t \\kp95f8jk’M .l8j k|kj ’ oadIPogIafwfh4nd8hv’ sn^ [+L { dkoxt8y[afdyf9tdedj5,oadIPo,u7;k,lk,ad7u-;j pgsn^vg-yj’dao c]t daosn^ [+L { 7tcoomujc8]j t7qowfhIa[wfh8k,7kf\\kp|hvpF s^kpxko.fL 196

197 ສະຫສງວ.ວນ.ລສຂິ ະສດິ