ຄະນິດສາດ_ຄູ່ມື_Math

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fhkoz6hlvoG ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dkolvo7toyflkf c,jodkogIaf.shz6hIPoxtrbf8q;7ndaoda[oad7toyflkf 7ngvqk [aosk.shoadIPocdh c]t 7;k,I6hmjuoadIPo,uc]h;oAo9t8hv’[+rP’r=grjnvcdhw0[ao skmju76;k’vvdD faj’oAo oadIPo9t8hv’vu’.lj7;k,I6hmju8qo,u16jgrjnv9ecodF 9afd5j, sk7;k,leraovao.\\jF -vdI6hF ;k’0=hlq,,5f4ko c]t d;f7nogrnjvcdh[aoskD fhkoz6hIPoG dkoIPo7toyflkfc,oj 0t[;odkocdh[aoskF ,uc8jdkocdh[aoskgmqkj oAo 9b’j 9tgIaf .sh dkoIPogdufzqo3fpltcf’vvd.odkoxjPocx’rbf8yde0v’z6hIPowx8k,95fxt lq’muj7kf \\kpw;hD z6hIPoc,oj z6hcdhw0[aoskF z6hlvo7nz6hmju-;j pgs^nvcotoe skd[+c,jo z6hmujcdh[aosk8k’oad IPoF dkoIPo0Bo16jda[]adltot c]t ;ymumujz6hIPogv’9aflao0=h,6o .shgxao7;k,I6h0v’8qogv’D grnjvxt8y[afdkoIPo{dkolvo 8k,sa^ddkomujdk;j ,koAoF gIqk9t8hv’7h5,7v’-q;j 3,’ IPo8k,0Ao8vofaj’oUG !D dyf9tdemuj7Qorq[D .odyf9tdeoU 76dtdP,oadIPo.sh16jmjkIPoc[[8A’|hk c]t 7e8v[8+[oa skm7uj .6 soh da IPogIfa ooA c,oj 7;k,I.h6 \\mj ruj ;doda IPo7oQ r[q gv’D 0oA 8vooU c[j’vvdgxao $ 0Ao8vopvj p7nG T 76ltg|u;ymu c]t dt8ydk.odkos^Yo Xdkoxt8y[af?D T 9af8A’.shoadIPos^Yo s^n xt8y[afdyf9tdecdh[aoskgxaod5,j D T oadIPoltg|u7e8v[ s^n ;ymucdh[aosk c]t 76gda[degvqk7eltg|u c]h;.sh\\qfshv’ -j;pdaog]nvdg2Aogvqk0=hltg|umju,ugsfzqos^kpdj;kD T 76vtmy[kpF d;fcdhF lts^5[F 0Poljy’mju7;o9qfdkj pgvqk.ljdtfko X7;k,I6h.\\jmju oadIPorq[?D @D g/ydmadlt9kdxN,c[[IPo X[qfg/ydsaf?D #D oe.-h7;k,I6hg0Qk.olt4kotdkovnoj MD $D xtg,uozqoD \\kpgsfG !?D gonjv’9kd;jk.o0Ao xD$ c8]j t[qfIPo,u7;k,lAo{pk;8jk’daoF ltoAo.sh76;k’ czoc[’j g;]k.ljc8jsq;0=h0Po[qf.shg\\ktlq,D @?D .odkogIaf[qfg/ydsafF shk,oadIPo0Po.lxj B,c[[IPogfaf0kfS 767;ocot oe.shg0qk0Po.ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’D IV. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo dko;fa c]t xtg,ou zoq gxoa 0oA 8vo|’jb mluj e7oa c]t 0kf[+wf.h o0t[;odko9fa dkoIPo 9

dkolvoD 95fxtlq’8Qo8=0v’dko;af c]t xtg,uozqoc,jogrnjv-j;pgs^nvoadIPo.sh,uzqo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dkoIPofu0BoD ltoAo.o-qj;3,’lvo|b’j M 767;ofegouodko;afzqo # w]pt7nG ;afzqo dvj o lvoF ;afzqo.o0totlvo c]t ;afzqos^a’lvo g-y’j ;afzqoc8j]t7A’,u95fxtlq’c8d 8jk’daofaj’oUG { dko;afzqodjvolvoG c,jodko;afzqodjvodkolvo[qf.\\jgrnjv1aj’g[yj’7;k,rhv, 0v’oadIPo;jk,u7;k,Ih6.og]njv’mju9tlvo.o-qj;3,’oU|hvps^kpxko.f grnjv769twfh sk;ymulqj’7;k,I6h.sh’kj p0BoD { dko;afzqo]ts;jk’lvoG c,jodko;afzqo0totmju76de]a’lvo s^n rkps^a’mjuoadIPo leg]af dkoxt8y[af dyf9tde.f|bj’ grnjvd;fdk;jk,uoadIPo9eo;o|hvps^kpxko .fleg]af c]t [+leg]af8+dyf9tde s^n [qfg/ydsafmu7j 6.shgrnvj 9t-vdsk;ymu-;j pgs^nvoad IPo1kj ’4nd8hv’ c]t maodkoD { dko;afzqos^a’dkolvoG c,jodko;afzqos^a’9kddkoIPo9q[[qfIPo\\bj’ 76fe gouodko;afcmdgrnvj .shI6h;jk.o-qj;3,’oU oadIPo[ao]58k,95fxtlq’0v’[qfIPo|hvp s^kpxko.fF ,uoadIPo9ad7qomu7j ;o.shdko-;j pgs^nv c]t -j;pgs^nv.ofhko.fD le]a[0Ao8vodko;af c]t xtg,uozqomuj[ao95w;h.odkocotoedkolvo.oc8]j t[qfoAo c,jodko;afzqos^a’dkolvo g-yj’769twfh;afzqodkoIPo0v’oadIPoma’lk,fhkoG 7;k,I6hF mafltotmjkmu c]t madlt g-y’j lk,kfgIafwfh3fpdkola’gdfF 8A’7e4k, .shoadIPo8v[ c]tdkod;fzqo’kodkoxt8y[af0v’oadIPoD lj;odko[aombdzqo dko;afoAo767;olhk’ 8k8t]k’ 3fp,u]kp-nj0v’oadIPo c]t 95fxtlq’dkoIPoI6hmuj 8hv’dko;afzqoF 8q;1jk’G 8k8t]k’8yf8k,dko;afzqoF [qfmu !*D ]efa[.odkocdhg]dmujgxaoc4;D -nj c]t lyj’muj8hv’dko;afzqo ok,ltd5o 7;k,8A’.9 7;k,lk,ad7n 7;k,lk,ad7u dkocdhg]dgxaoc4;muj,uG !D oD f;’cdh; [5[zk;ao .odkoxt8y[af .odkogIaf;Pd [;d 76o [;dF ]q[F 76o dyf9tdemhv’ c]t ]q[ c]t sko sko gxaod5j, @D oD cl’gfnvo luwl V #D mD 9aomk [5o7E $D mD g8a’ V VV &D D D D D D D D D D D D 10

[qfmu ! dkovkj o c]t dko0Po9eo;o ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g;]k $ -qj;3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kfvjko c]t 0Po9eo;o.sh4nd8k,7kj 0v’8q;g]d c8j]t8q;0nho8k,mu8j A’0v’,aowfhD IID goNv.o8Qo8= dkovjko9eo;oF dko0Po9eo;ogxao8q;g]d c]t gxao8q;|a'lnF dkoxP[mP[9e o;oD dko9af]Po9eo;oD IIID lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD$ D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! { 76dkj p9eo;omu1j 6.j odyf9tde0=hmu ! .ljdtfko.shoadIPog[y’j D { 76.shoadIPozafxjPodaovklklt\\advvd,kvkj o9eo;ofaj’dkj ;xt,ko # { & 7qoD { 76cotoe.shoadIPom5d7qo.oshv’vjko9eo;ofaj’dkj ;rhv,daowxgmnvj ]t9eo;oD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu @ { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5,j 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovkj odyf9tde0=hmu @ c]t 0=hmu # .oxnh,c[[IPoD { 76cotoe.shc8j]td5,j cdhdyf9tdefaj’dkj ;d5,j ]t ! 0=h X76deoqf.sh?D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[y’j c8]j td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[=gj 0Qk.9gIaf76-;j p cotoe8n,j D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8]j td5j,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh\\6j2a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD 11

dyf9tdemu # ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdhdyf9tde0=hmu $ .lxj nh,0Po0v'8qogv’z6h]t # [ah’ X76deoqf.sh?D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8]j t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu $ { 760Podyf9tde0=hmu & .ljdtfko.shoadIPog[yj’D { 76.-hw,h[aomaf-uhwxc8j]t9eo;oc]h;.shoadIPovjkorhv,dao\\qfshv'D { 76.shoadIPovklklt\\advvd,k9af]Po9eo;ofa’j dkj ;xt,ko @ 7qo z6hmu ! 9af]Po c8|j hvpsks^kpF z6hmu @ 9af]Poc8sj ^kpsk|hvpXvvd,kgmnjv]t7qo?D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu & { 76c[’j oadIPovvdgxaod5,j 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv'IPoD { 76.shoadIPoc8]j t7qocdhdyf9tde0=hmu * c]t 0=hmu( .ljg9ap[aombd0v’d5,j 8qogv’d5j,]t ! 0=h X76deoqf.sh?D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[y’j c8]j td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0qhk.9gIaf76-j;pcot oe8nj,D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8]j td5j,gvqkg9hap[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfkorhv,oeltg|u.sh\\6j2a' { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD • cotoe7e8v[ 0=hmu ( ♦ (4 x 100 000) + (6 x 10 000) + (1 x 1000)+(5 x 100) + (6 x 10) + 9 = 46 15 69 c,oj g[u3m]tla[0v' ok' 9aoF ♦ (3 x 100 000) + (1 x 10 000) + (4 x 1000) + (1 x 100) + (2 x 10) + 2 = 31 41 22 c,jog[u3m]tla[0v' ok' lvoF 12

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ ♦ (3 x 100 000) + (1 x 10 000) + (4 x 1000) + (1 x 100) + ( 1 x 10) + 1 = 31 41 11 c,jog[u3m]tla[0v' ok' xuF ♦ (2 x 100 000) + (1 x 10 000) + (7 x 1000) + (3 x 100) + (6 x 10) + 4 =21 73 64 c,jog[u3m]tla[0v' mhk; o;oF ♦ (2 x 100 000) + (1 x 10 000) + (4 x 1000) + (9 x 100) + 4 =21 49 04 c,oj g[u3m]tla[0v' mhk; feD dyf9tdemu * { 76vjko c]t vtmy[kpgonhv.o0v’.97;k,.o[qfoU.shoaddIPo2a’D { 76 cot oe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo9qfgvqk.97;k,.lxj nh,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 76g]kt8ayf8k,g[y’j c8]j t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu ( { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5,j 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv'IPoD { 76 cot oe.shoadIPoc8]j td5j,cdh[qfg/ydsaf0=h !F @F #F c]t $ dj5,]t ! 0=h X76deoqf.sh?.ljg9hp[aombd0v’d5j,8qogv’D { 76g]ktg[yj’c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[=jg0Qk.9gIaf76-;j pcotoe8nj,D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8j]td5,j gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ldj tfkorhv,oeltg|u.sh\\62j a'D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kd { dkovkj o c]t dko0Po9eo;o.sh4nd8k,7kj 0v’8q;g]dc8]j t8q;0Boda[mu8j A’0v’ ,aooadIPogIafwfh4nd8hv’ s^n [+L { dkoxt8y[afc8]j tdyf9tdeoadIPo,u7;k,shk;saolqo.98=j[qfIPo|hvpF s^kpxko.fL { 7tcoomuoadIPowfhIa[wfh7kf\\kp|hvpF s^kpxko.fL 13

[qfmu @ dko0Po9eo;ofh;pde]a’0v’!W ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g;]k @ -qj;3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kf { I6h7;k,\\kp c]t 7kj 0v’8q;de]a’D { 0Po9eo;o.f|b’j .oI6[dtmafIaf3fpoe.-hg]dde]a’0v’ !WD { 9af]efa[9eo;omuj0Po.oI6[me,tfk c]t I6[c[[g]dde]a’D IID goNv.o8Qo8= dko0Po9eo;o8jk’Mmjugxao9eo;os^kpfh;pde]a’0v’ !WD IIID lndj koIPo{dkolvo { [aflu lujlu 0P;F 2hkF [q;F gs^nv’ 1kj ’]t # [afD { [afg]d W sk _ c]t [afg]dS !WF !WWF !WWWF !W WWWF !WW WWWF!WWW WWWD { 8k8t]k’faj’.o[qfIPo [qfmu @ 7toyflkf x $D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! { dvj o9ts^yhogd,dkoc]dxPj oF 76vtmy[kpdt8ydkl6oj adIPo/a’glpdjvo7nG ! lu0P;xPj o wfh !W lu2hkF ! lu2hkxjPowfh !W lu[q; c]t ! lu[q;xPj owfh !W lugs^nv’D { 761kp[aflulujlu X0P;S 2hkS [q; c]t gs^nv’? .shoadIPomujg]nvdvvd,k $ 7qoM]t @W [af c]t 7qo]tluD { .shdaoIPorafxPj odaoc]dxjPo[aflu8k,dt8ydkD { s^a’dkoc]dxPj oc]h; ,klts^5[g[yj’;jk .z9twfhs^kpd;j kdao9kddkoc]d xjPo X[=oj a[[afmujgs^nv?D ♦ s^yho9ad @ { # 7A’rhv,daolts^5[zqo0v’dkoc]dxPj oD dyf9tdemu @ { 9afoadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’D 14

{ 76vtmy[kpdt8ydkdkoc]dxPj ogdqkj F 9kdoAo .shc8]j tdj5,la’gdf8k8t]k’0v’c8j ]t7qomuwj fhIa[.odyf9tdeD { .shc8j]tdj5,0Pode]a’0v’ !W 9eo;o[aflu0v’ $ 7qo.o8k8t]k’muwj fhIa[3fpg[y’j 8q;1jk’0v’ mhk; cf’D { g,njvm5dMd5j,c]h;M d=rafxjPodaod;fcdh.shdaog-aoj T 7e8v[ G oD rvo G 4975 = 4 000 + 900 + 70 + 5 = 4 x 103 + 9 x 102 + 7 x 101 + 5 mD 7e 997 = 900 + 90 + 7 = 9 x 102+ 9 x 101 + 7 oD cdh; 2991 = 2 000 + 900 + 90 + 1 = 2 x 103 + 9 x 102 + 9 x 101 + 1 mhk; lvo 899 = 800 + 90 + 9 = 8 x 102+ 9 x 101 + 9 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dyf9tdemu # { 76lts^5[wfh;jkzkj odkoc]dxPj oc,oj mhk;cf’ wfhlugs^nv’ s^kpd;kj \\6j c]t mhk;lvo wfhlugs^nv'|hvpd;jk\\6jD { 769qf.97;k,.oc[[IPo7toyflkf xD$ [qfmu @ .ljdtfko.shoadIPo9qfdkj pgvqk fa’j oU G .97;k, 10 x 10 x 10 = 104 vkj o;jkG j j ly[de]a’luj j j 1. 10 x j j $ gvUo;jk8q;de]a’Dj j 1442443 ! gmnjv 1 44 2 44 3 @ gmnjv 1 44 2 44 3 # gmnjv 1 44 2 44 3 $ gmnvj 15

@D gryjo,ad.-hg]dde]a’ grnjv0Po9eo;os^kpg-ajo G !W F !WWF !WWWF !W WWW F !WW WWW F !WWW WWWD !WW WWW !W WWW ! WWW !WW !W !WV!WV!WV!WV!W !WV!WV!WV!W !WV!WV!W !WV!W !W !W! !W& !W$ !W# !W@ la’gdfgsao;jk < 8q;de]a’ < gmqkj da[9eo;o8q;g]d W X l6o ? #D 9eo;o @W) #@W lk,kf0Powfhfaj’oU G ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 208 320 = (2 V 100 000) + (8 V 1 000) + (3 V 100) + (2 V 10) 208 320 = (2 V 105) + (8 V 103) + (3 V 102) + (2 V 101) dyf9tdemu $ { 76vjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! rhv,vtmy[kp.shoadIPo2a’8k,8q;1kj ’D { oadIPo7qho7yf-vdsk7e8v[D { .shvklklt\\advvdcdh16dj tfko @ 7qoM]t0=hD T 7e8v[ 0=h dD 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 104 0=h 0D 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 106 dyf9tdemu & { c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5,j 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76vkj o c]t vtmy[kp[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @ l6joadIPo2a'D { d5j,oadIPo]q’,n7Qo7h;k -vdsk7e8v[8+[aosk3fpc0j’0aodaoD { .shd5,j mujc]h;djvo0Bocdh16jdtfkoF d5,j vnoj M8yf8k,.sh7ecotoe-j;pD 16

T 7e8v[ G ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 0=h dD X* V !W$? T X & V !W#? T X# V !W@? T X @ V !W? T ( = . . . *W WWW T & WWW T #WW T @W T ( = *&#@( 0=h 0D X @ V !W$? T X# V !W#? T X@ V !W@? T X * V !W? T & = . . . @W WWW T # WWW T @ WW T *W T & = @#@*&D dyf9tdemu * { 76.shc8]j t7qogvqkxnh,0Po s^n g9hp0k;0bho,k0Po-nj { ok,ltd5o shv’.lDj { 76vjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu # c]h;vtmy[kp8k,8q;1jk’ 0=h d .shoadIPo2a’D { oadIPo]q’,ncdh0=h 0S 7S C c]t 9 D r=.zr=]k;D { g,nvj oadIPocdhc]h;76gda[gvqkwxd;f.sh7tcooF 0=h]t @ 7tcoo vud @ 7tcoo.shcdj7;k,ltvkf l;p’k,F [+djkp\\6j gxao 10 D 10 VD dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo { la’gdf9kd;Pd];,shv’;kj 8A’.92a’[+L g0Qk.9.odkoc]dxjPo[+-;j p\\6j[+L { la’gdf;Pdd5j,;jk8A’.9[+L -j;p\\6j s^n 4hkdjkp L { la’gdf;Pd[5d7qo;kj gIafwfhfu s^n [+wfhfuL 7tcoovvd,kgxaoco;.fL 17

[qfmu # g8adoyddko[;d g;]k # -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kfoe.-hg8adoyddko[;dg]dg0Qk.odkocdhg]dwfhD IID goNv.o8Qo8= { dko[;dg]d gIaf.shzqo[;dgxao !WF @WFDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDF!WWD { cpd9eo;o|bj’vvd grnvj .shwfhzqo[;dgxao !WF @WFDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDF!WWD { 9af9eo;ogxao76j grnjv.shwfhzqo[;dgxao !WF @WFDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDF!WWD IIID lndj koIPo{dkolvo xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf x$ [qfmu #D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qola’gdfdyf9tde0=h ! c]h;sk;ymu[;d 3fp.shwfhzqo [;doAo1kj 'w; c]t 4nd8hv’D { 76.shoadIPolt\\advvd,k0PoI6[c[[dko[;d0v’8qo.ljdtfko .sh\\6jla’gdf\\qfshv’D z6hmu ! 0Po0=h dF z6hmu@ 0Po0=h 0F z6hmu# 0Po0=h 7F z6hmu$ 0Po0=h CD { 9kdoAo 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;f c]t lts^5[dyf9tdefaj’oUG dD @) T !@ T (& 0D !@W T )W T #* $W @WW !!& @#* 7D @_ T (! T !* CD $& T && T @# !WW !WW !!* !@# 18

dyf9tdemu @ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { 76cotoe.shc8j]td5j,vjko c]t la’gdfdyf9tde0=h @F #F $ .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76cotoe.shc8j]td5,j cdhdyf9tde0=h @F #F $ .oxB,c[[IPo { 76.shc8j]td5j,wx0Po;ymujcdhg]d.ljdtfko d5,j ]t ! 0=h8k,76deoqfD { 76.sh\\qfshv’d;fzqo’komu0j Po16j.odtfkoc]h;xP[mP[.ljd5,j 0v’8qogv’cdhD { 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daolts^5[dyf9tde0=h @F #F $F .oxB,c[[IPoD dyf9tdemu # { 76oerkoadIPolts^5[.97;k,faj’oUG ♦ 768A’7e4k,.shoadIPo8v[g-aoj G ! [;dda[spa’9b’j gxao !WF g;]koadIPo 8v[ 76d=0Po7e8v[0v'oadIPo.ljdtfkorhv,D gIafmeov’oU9twfh8k,8q; 1jk’.97;k,0=hmu !D ♦ 760Po8q;1kj ’8k,.97;k,0=h @ .ljdtfkofaj’ouhG 7+ 8 7 +...+... ... +... ... ♦ 9kdoAo 764k,oadIPo;kj ( [;dda[spa’9bj’gxao !WF oadIPo8v[ # gIqkd=0Po # cpdvvd9kd )F ♦ 764k,oadIPovud ) gvqkvvd # c]h;pa’gmqkj .f L ♦ oadIPo8v[;jkpa’ & gIqk9b’j 0Po & .l8j k,8q;1jk’.97;k,0=h @ D ♦ 9kdoAo d=oerkoadIPolts^5[8k,.97;k,D ♦ 760PoI6[c[[dko[;d8k,.97;k,0=h # .ljdtfkog-ajoG !( T & T # T !& T ) 19

♦ 764k,grnvj .shltf;d.odko[;dg]dgIqk9tgIaf;ymu.f L ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ ♦ oadIPo8v[faj’7e8v[ 8hv’9af9eo;ogxao76jF 76joAo[;ddaoc]h;zqo[;d 9tgxao9eo;o4h;oly[D ♦ 76oerkoadIPo[;d.shwfh8k,.97;k,0=h #D dyf9tdemu $ { 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qogIaf[qfg/ydsaf0=h !F @F # .lxj nh,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,dkocdhg]d0v’oadIPoD { 9kdoAo 76d;fcdh fafcx’F .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD { 76.shoadIPoz6hgIaf4ndlt\\advvd,kcdh16dj tfko.sh\\6.j oshv’g[yj’ z6h]t0=hD { 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daolts^5[dyf9tdefa’j 7e8v[mu4nd8hv’D ♦ [qfg/ydsaf0=h !D dD !$ T @# T #* T @( T !& = X!$ T #*? T X@# T @(?T !& = !!& 0D * T ) T ( T $ T # = X* T $? T X( T #? T ) = @) 7D @# T !( T !* T @$ T & = X@# T !(? T X!* T @$? T & = )& CD #& T @# T !& T !( T ) = X#& T !&? T X@# T !(? T ) = _) ♦ [qfg/ydsaf0=h #D xuohu]5’[q;7egda[dkg2wfhgmqjkoUD !*&W dd T @&W dd = !_WW dd V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kdG { dkoltg|u;ymucdhg]d0v’c8j]t7qo.ldj tfkoD { dkogIaf;Pdgxaod5j, c]t dkoltg|uzqo’ko0v’d5,j oadIPoD { dkogIaf[qfg/ydsaffh;p8qogv’0v’oadIPoD { 7tcoo0v’oadIPoc8]j t7qoD 20

[qfmu $ g8adoyddko[;d X8+? g;]k $ -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ .shoadIPolk,kfoa[7tcoo3fpvu’.lsj ^addkoc]dxjPomudeoqf.shF [;dg]dmu,u9nj c]t cdh39f[aoskdPj ;da[dko[;dD IID goNv.o8Qo8= dkooa[7tcoo9kd[afc]dxPj oF [;dg]dmu,j u9njfh;pdko8A’gxao[ah’F [;d9e o;o.f|b’j fh;pg]d4h;oly[ c]t cdh39f[aosk3fpoe.-hg]d[;dD IIID lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo xnh,c[[IPo7toyflkf x$ F [afc]dxjPoluj lu s^ F [ F 2 F 0 F lu]t!W [afD IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! { 76ltcf’[afc]dxjPoma’ $ lu7nG lugs^nv’ s^ S lu[q; [ S lu2hk 2 c]t lu0P; 0 .shoadIPog[yj’ rhv,vtmy[kps^addkoc]dxjPo.shoadIPo2a’c]h;0Po s^addkodkoc]dxjPo.ldj tfkow;hD { 76pqd[afc]dxPj o0nho c]h;4k,oadIPowxc8]j t[affaj’oUG ! [ gmqkj da[9ad s^ L gmqjkda[9ad [ s^n gmqkj da[9ad s^ ! 2 gmqkj da[9ad 2 s^n gmqjkda[9ad [ s^n gmqkj da[9ad s^ ! 0 76.shoadIPo8v[gmnjv]t7qo 4hk8v[[+4nd76d=xPj o.shz6h.\\8j v[D { 764k,la[wx,kgrnjv.shoadIPog0Qk.9sa^ddkoc]dxjPo c]h;76 c]t oadIPo9bj’rhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdemujwfhxt8y[afzjko,kD dyf9tdemu @ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovjkoxnh,c[[IPo7toyflkf x$ [qfmu $D 21

{ 76c[’j oadIPovvdgxaod5j,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]td5j,cdhdyf9tde0=h ! .ljg9hp[aombd0v’d5,j 8qogv' { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8]j td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5,j .f[+g0Qk.9 76-j;pvtmy[kp8n,j D { 76.sh8k’|hk0v’c8]j td5,j gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfkoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daod;fzqo’ko0v’c8j]tdj5, c]h;lts^5[3fpdko 0Po.ldj tfko.shoadIPog[y’j rhv,-q,g-upd5j,mu8v[wfh4nd8hv’fuD T 7e8v[dyf9tde0=h ! -njoadIPo Iv[mu ! Iv[mu @ Iv[mu # 7tcoo ]tfafmu ];, 0 0 02 222 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ & mD [q;]u 2 2 2 [ [ [ [ s^ s^ #(&& @ [ s^ ! s^ s^ oD ,uok 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 [ $*@* 2 2 s^ s^ s^ s^ [ s^ s^ 0 0 0 022 0[[ mDmv'lk 2 [ s^ [ [ s^ s^ s^ s^ &#&& 0 02 022 02[ $ oD ,k]k [ [ s^ [ s^ s^ s^ s^ s^ $$$* # 0 02 02[ 02[ oD7ecr’ 2 [ s^ [ s^ s^ [ s^ s^ $$&& 22

dyf9tdemu # ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76vtmy[kp0Ao8vo0v’dko[;dg]d.odyf9tde0=hmu @ .shoadIPo2a’ rhv,7yfw]jg]d[;d.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[y’j gxao8q;1kj ’rhv,D { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdhg]d[;d.odyf9tde0=hmu @ .lj,0Po0v’8qogv’z6h]t # [A’ X76deoqf.sh?D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[y’j c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8]j t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu $ { 76cotoe.shc8j]t7qovkj o.97;k,.o,c[[IPoD { 76vtmy[kps^addko[;dg]d16j.o.97;k,.shoadIPog[yj’8nj,D { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo9qfgvqk.97;k,.l,j 0Po0v’8qogv’D dyf9tdemu & { 76c[’j oadIPoovvdgxaod5,j 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shc8]j td5j,cdh[qfg/ydsaf0=h !F @ c]t # .ljg9hp[ao mbd0v’d5,8qogv’ dj5,]t ! 0=h X76deoqf.sh?D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8]j td5,j xt8y[afdyf9tde 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9 76-j;pcotoe8n,j D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8j]td5j,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ldj tfko rhv,oeltg|u zqo’ko0v’d5,j 8qogv’.sh\\6j2a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu * { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qola’gdf[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu $ .o,c[[IPoD { 76.shoadIPoc8]j t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffa’j dkj ;.lj,0Po0v’8qogv’z6h ]t # [A’ X76deoqf.sh?D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8]j tdj5,xt8yf[afdyf9tdeD 23

{ 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcotc8t]t7qoD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu ( { 76djkp[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu & .ldj tfko.shoadIPog[y’j D { 76vtmy[kp;ymucdh0=hfaj’djk;.shoadIPo2a’8nj, rhv,ma’0Po;ymu cdh[qfg/ydsaffa’j djk;.shoadIPog[yj’gxao8q;1jk’g-aoj G !@ T @ T D D D T D D D T D D D T D D D T D D D T D D D T D D D T D D D = 48 { 76.shoadIPovklklt\\advvd,k[;d8q;g]dmuwfhdeoqfw;h.oc8]j t]avd 9qol5fmhkpwfhzqo[;d $)D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’;kj oadIPoz6h.f[;d[+4ndd=xPj o.shz6hvnjo,k[;dcmoF gIaf9qowfh7e8v[mu4nd8hv’9yj’15fg-qkD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD ♦ cotoe7e8v[ G 12 + 2 + 9 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 4 + 2+ 10 + 2 = 48 V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kd { dko8yf8k,2a’76vtmy[kpF dkoxt8y[afc8j]tdyf9tde;kj oadIPo,u7;k,lqo.9[qfIPo c]t cdh[qfg/ydsafwfh s^n [=j L { 7tcoomuc8j]t7qowfhIa[oAo .fh7kf\\kp|hvps^kpxko.f L 24

[qfmu & dko]q[ g;]k @ -qj;3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kfG vkj oF 0Po9eo;o c]t cdh39f[aosk 3fpoe.-hdk]q[wfhD IID goNv.o8Qo8= oe.-hdko]q[grnjv-vdsk7jk0v’7;k,s^5f]njoF cdh39f[aosk3fpoe.-h dko]q[ c]t dko7yfw]gj ]d]q[D IIID lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo xnh,c[[IPo7toyflkf x$D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovkj o c]t la'gdfI6[16dj yf9tde 0=hmu ! .oxnh,c[[IPoD { 768A’7e4k,grnvj 4k,oadIPodjP;da[oE|ad0v’lafc8j]t38 wx9qo7q[ ) 38D { 76vtmy[kp c]t -vdsk7jks^5f]noj ]ts;kj ’oE|ad0v’’q;dtmy’ c]t v6f.ldj tfko.shoadIPog[yj’gxao8q;1kj ’g-aoj G 338 _ 271 = 67 kg Cq;dtmy’|add;jkv6f *( dy3]d^k,D { 76.shoadIPovklklt\\advvd,k7yfw]7j kj s^5f]njo0v’d;k’ c]t ly’F -hk’ c]t cIfS \\u c]t glnv .ljdtfko.sh\\6jg[y’j xt,ko # 7qo { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu @ { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5,j 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’D { 76cotoe.shc8j]td5,j cdhdyf9tde0=hmu @ c]t 0=hmu # .ljg9hp[aombd 25

0v’d5,j 8qogv’ d5,j ]t ! 0=h X76deoqf.sh?D ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[y’j c8]j td5,j xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-;j pcotoe8nj,D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8]j td5,j gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ldj tfko rhv,oeltg|u .sh\\6j2a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeF -q,g-upd5,j mu8v[wfh4nd8hv' c]t .shde]a' .9d5j,muj8v[zyfD dyf9tdemu # { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qodjkpgvqk.97;k,.oxB,c[[IPo0Po.lj xB,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 768yf8k,g[y’j dkodkj p.97;k,0v’c8j]t7qoD { 76vtmy[kpgonhv.o0v’.97;k,fa’j djk;.shoadIPo2a’8nj,D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu $ { 76dkj p[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! .ljdtfko.shoadIPog[y’j D { 76vtmy[kpdko-vdsk9eo;omujg\\ktlq,grnvj 0Po8n,j .lj .o8k8t]k’.shoadIPog[yj’9ad|bj’9eo;ogrnjvgxaoc[[1jk’D { 76.shoadIPozafxjPodaovklklt\\advvd0Po9eo;omujg\\kt lq,8nj,.o8k8t]k’16dj tfkoD { 768yf8k,g[yj’F 4hkgsaoz6h.f8n,j zyf d=xjPo.shz6h.\\vj vd,k8nj,cmoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu & { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5j,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shc8j]td5,j cdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @ .ljg9hp[aombd0v’ d5j,8qogv’d5,j D 26

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v’c8j]td5j,F 4hkgsao ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ d5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;pcotoe8n,j D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8j]td5j,gvqkg9hp[aombd0v’d5,j 8qogv’wx8yf.ldj tfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh\\6j2a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD -q,g-upd5j,mugj Iafwfh4nd8hv'fuD dyf9tdemu * { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu # .lj,0Po 0v’8qogv’D { 768yf8k,g[y’j c8]j t7qoxt8yxafdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo lagdf9kdG { dkovkj oF dko0Po9eo;o c]t dkocdh39f[aosk 3fpoe.-hdko]q[;jk oadIPogIafwfh4nd8hv’ s^n [+ L { dkoxt8y[afc8j]tdyf9tde oadIPo,u7;k,shk;saolqo.98+[qfIPo |hvps^kplje.f L { 7tcoomucj 8j]t7qowfhIa[oAowfh7kf\\kp|hvpF s^kplO.f L 27

[qfmu * g8adoyddko]q[ g;]k $ -q;j 3,’ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kfoe.-hg8adoyd8jk’Mg0Qk.odko7yfw]gj ]d]q[wfh1kj ’4nd8hv’D IID goNv.o8Qo8= oe.-hs^kpg8adoydg0Qk.odko]q[ G { gvqk8q;8A']q[ ]q[vvd8q;]q[3fpg]u,j 8Qoc8sj ^ads^kpl5fwxsks^ad|hvpl5f s^nD { gIaf.shs^adsq;|;j p0v'8q;8A']q[ c]t 8q;]q[gmqjkdao s^nD { gIaf.sh8q;8A']q[ s^n 8q;]q[gxao9eo;o4h;oly[ s^n { [;d9eo;o7P;dao.l8q;8A']q[ c]t 8q;]q[rhv,daoD IIID lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo ,c[[IPo7toyflkf x$D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! { 76.shoadIPola’gdf8q;1jk’0v’dyf9tde.oxB,c[[IPo 0=hmu ! Xd?D { 76vtmy[kp;ymu7yfw]gj ]d]q[8k,8q;1jk’.shoadIPog[yj’ ! gmnjvD { 760Pog]d.odyf9tde0=hmu ! Xd? .ljdtfkoc]h;.shoadIPovklklt\\ad vvd,k7yfw]8j k,8q;1jk’gmnvj ]t @ 7qo X9qo7q[m5d0=h?D { 76lts^5[dko7yfw]0j v’oadIPo c]t vtmy[kp7noc]h;.sh9qfdkj p gvqkgxaoc[[1kj ’ @ 0=hD dyf9tdemu @ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovjkodyf9tde0=hmu ! X0? .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76lqomtokI;j ,da[oadIPodPj ;da[dko7yfw]jg]d]q[3fp.shsq;|j;p 0v’8q;8A’]q[ c]t 8q;]q[gmqjkdaoD { 76c[j’oadIPogxaod5,j 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { 76cotoe.shc8j]td5,j cdhdyf9tdefa’j dkj ;.lgj 9hp[aombd0v’d5j,8qogv’D 28

{ 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsao;jkd5j,.f[+g0Qk.9 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ ;ymu7yfw]j 76-j;pcotoe8nj,D { 76.sh8k’|hkd5,j gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ldj tfko rhv,]kp’ko.sh\\62j a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tde rhv,-q,g-upd5,j mu8v[wfh4nd8hv’D dyf9tdemu # { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovkj odyf9tde0=hmu ! X7? .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76cotoe.shcdhdyf9tdefaj’djk;.lxj B,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 768yf8k,g[y’j c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8]j t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu $ { 76cotoe.shoadIPola’gdf8q;1jk’.odyf9tde0=hmu ! XC?D { 76vtmy[kpdko7yfw]jg]d]q[3fpgru,j c]t s^5f8q;]q[.shgxao9eo;o 4h;oly[D { 760Pog]d.odyf9tde0=hmu ! X’? .ljdtfko c]h;.shoadIPovklklt\\ad vvdwxcdh1j6dtfkogmnvj ]t # 7qo X9qo7q[m5d0=h?D { 76lts^5[dko7yfw]j0v’oadIPo c]t vtmy[kp7no.shoadIPog[yj’D dyf9tdemu & { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovkj odyf9tdemu @ .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76lqomtokda[oadIPodjP;da[dko7yfw]jg]d]q[ 3fp[;d9eo;ofP; .l8j q;8A’]q[c]t8q;]q[D { 76c[’j oadIPogxaod5j,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j td5,j cdhdyf9tdemu @ .ljg9hp[aombd0v’8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[y’j c8]j td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsao;jkd5,j .f[+g0Qk.9 ;ymu7yfw]j 76-j;pcotoe8n,j D { 76.sh8k’|hkd5j,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ldj tfkorhv,]kp’ko.sh76 c]t \\6j2a’D 29

{ 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tderhv,-q,g-updj5,muj8v[wfh4nd8hv’F ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 9kdoAo.shoadIPoc8]j t7qo9qf.97;k,.lxj B,[qfIPoD dyf9tdemu * { 76vjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! .shoadIPo2a’ c]t vtmy[kp;ymucdh.shoadIPo 2a’7noD { 76cotoe.shoadIPocdh[qfg/ydsaffa'j dkj ;.l,j 0Po0v'8qoD { 768yf8k,g[y’j c8]j t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu ( { 76.shoadIPogvqkg9hpvvd,kz6h]t.[7yfw]gj ]d0=hmu @ 0v’[qfg/ydsafD { 76.shoadIPovvdwxcdh16dj tfkoz6h]t ! 0=h Xz6h16j[vj od;fg9hp0v’8qowxoe?D { 76lts^5[dko7yfw]j0v’oadIPo c]t vtmy[kp7noD dyf9tdemu ) { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu # c]t $ .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76lqomtokI;j ,da[oadIPodPj ;da[;ymudko7yfw]jma’ @ ;ymuD { 76c[’j oadIPogxaod5,j 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { 76c[j’g]d.shoadIPoc8]j td5,j M]t @ 0=h0v’c8j]t;ymu X@ ;ymu?3fpcdh .lgj 9hp[aombd0v’d5,j 8qoD { 76g]kt8uf8k,g[y’j c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9;ymu 7yfw]j 76-j;pcotoe8n,j D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8j]td5,j gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ldj tfko rhv,]kp’ko.sh \\62j a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tderhv,-q,g-upd5,j mu8v[wfh4nd8hv’D 30

dyf9tdemu _ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76cotoeoadIPocdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu & c]t 0=hmu * .lxj B,0Po0v’8qoD { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8]j t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kdG { dkooe.-hg8adoyd8jk’Mg0Qk.odko]q[g]dwfh4nd8hv’ s^n [+L { dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v'oadIPo;kj ,u7;k,shk;sao c]t gvqk.9.llj O.fL { dkoxt8y[af;Pdgxaod5j, oadIPo,u7;k,lk,ad7u c]t wfhxtdv[l;j o c]h;[+L { 7tcooc8j]t7qowfhIa[7kf\\kp|hvps^kplO.f L [qfmu ( dko76o g;]k # -qj;3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kfltcf’I6[c[[dko76o c]t 7yfw]gj ]d76owfhD IID goNv.o8Qo8= cdh39f[aosk3fpoe.-hdko76oF 7yfw]lj t4kotdko8kj ’Mmujcdhfh;p g]d76o c]t 0Po9eo;o8jk’Mrkp.8hs^kpI6[c[[dko76oD IIID lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo { g9ap8kdk3i0t|kf X$ 8k V !W 8k? 9eo;o & czoj F xB,c[[ IPo7toyflkf xD$D 31

IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dyf9tdemu ! { 76gvqkg9hp8kdk3imujwfhdP,,k.shoadIPog[y’j c]h;4k,oadIPo;kj G ];’d;hk’0v’ g9hpczjooU,u9ad8k L X8v[ $ 8k? ];’pk;0v'g9hpczoj oU,u9ad8k L X8v[ !W 8k? 4hkgIqk1kdI6h9eo;o8kdk3ima’\\qfgIqk7yfw]jco;.f L { 760Po;ymu7yfw]jgrnvj -vdsk9eo;o8kdk3ima’\\qf.ljdtfkoD { 76vkf9tpqd8q;1kj ’vnjovudmjugxaodko76ogrnvj .shoadIPog0qhk.9dkooe.-hdko76og0Qk .odko-vdsk9eo;o.f|b’j vud8nj,D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu @ { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5j,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76vjko39f0=hmu ! 0v’dyf9tde.oxB,c[[IPo.shoadIPo2a’ rhv,vtmy[kpgonhv.o0v’39foAo.shoadIPo2a'8n,j D { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j td5j,cdh39ffaj'djk;.lgj 9hp[aombd0v'd5,j 8qoD { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]td5,j xt8y[afdyf9tde4hkgsaod5,j .f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;pcotoe8n,j D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8j]td5,j gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ldj tfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh \\6j2a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolkts^5[dyf9tdeF -q,g-upd5,j mju8v[wfh4nd8hv’fuD dyf9tdem # { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qovjkodyf9tdemu @ .oxnh,c[[IPoD { 76.shoadIPoc8]j t7qocdh0=hfaj’djk;.lxj nh,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8]j td5,j xt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8]j t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD 32

dyf9tdemu $ { 760Po8q;1kj ’dko0Po9eo;orkp.8hI6[c[[dko76o0v’dyf9tdemu # .ldj tfkorhv,vtmy[kp.shoadIPo2a’]tvPf8n,j F g-aoj G 6 x 4 = 24 ; 8 x 3 = 24 ; s^n 12 x 2 = 24 { 76.shoadIPozafxPj odaovklklt\\advvd,k0Po9eo;o8jk’M16.j o0=hmu # 0v’dyf9tdeoAo.ljdtfko z6h]t ! 9eo;oD { 768yf8k,g[yj’dko0Po0v’vklklt\\adc8]j t7qo 4hkzh6.f0Po[+4nd 76-;j pcotoe8nj,D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD ♦ cotoe7e8v[G 0=hmu !G fvd9exk16j.ork0a;o,uma’\\qfgmqjkoUfvd ( 10 x 4 ) + ( 8 x 16 ) + ( 7 x 20 ) + ( 5 x 8 ) 140 + 128 + 140 + 40 = 448 fvd ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 0=hmu @ G 9eo;o8kdk3ima’\\qf,ugmqjkoU8k 20 + 20 + 20 + 20 = 80 8k 20 x 4 = 4 x 20 = 80 8k 9eo;ofvdw,h,uma'\\qfgmqjkoUfvd 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 24 fvd 4 x 6 = 6 x 4 = 24 fvd ]k7kg0Qk|q,ma'\\qf,ugmqjkoUG 4 x 5 00 = 2000 du[ 500 x 4 = 2000 du[ 0=hmu # G 0Po9eo;orkp.8hI6[c[[dko76o 3 x 6 = 18 ; 2 x 9 = 18 ; 2 x 18 = 36 ; 4 x 9 = 36 ; 12 x 3 = 36 ; 9 x 8 = 72 ; 36 x 2 = 72 ; 33

50 x 2 = 100 ; 25 x 4 = 100 ; 10 x 10 = 100 ; ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 14 x 10 = 140 ; 70 x 2 = 140 ; 28 x 5 = 140. dyf9tdemu & { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovkj o c]t la’gdfg[yj’.97;k, .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qodkj pgvqk.97;k,.l,j 0Po0v’8qoD { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[y’j c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu * { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shc8]j td5j,cdh[qfg/ydsaf0=h !F @F #F c]t $ .ljg9hp[aombd0v’ d5,j 8qogv’ d5j,]t ! 0=h X76deoqf.sh?D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5,j .f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-;j pcotoe8nj,D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8j]td5j,gvqkg9hp[aomndwx8yf.ljdtfkorhv,oeltg|uD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeF -q,g-upd5j,mu8j v[wfh4nd8hv’D V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kdG { dkoxt8y[afc8]j tdyf9tde oadIPo,u7;k,shk;sao c]t g0Qk.98+[qfIPo |hvps^kplO.f L { dkoxt8y[afdyf9tded5,j oadIPo,u7;k,lk,k7udao c]t -j;pdaogIafs^n[+L { 7tcoomujc8]j t7qowfhIa[oAo wfh7kf\\kp|hvps^kplO.f L 34

[qfmu ) g8adoyddko76o g;]k $ -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kfG { .-h75o]adltotdkoc9d1kp0v’dko76og0Qk.odko7eo;owfhD { 0PoI6[c[[dko76omumj P[gmqjkdaowfhD { oe.-hg8adoyd8kj ’M0v’dko76og0Qk.odko76og]dwfhD IID goNv.o8Qo8= { 75o]adltotdkoc9dpkp0v’dko76oD { I6[c[[dko76omujmP[gmqkj daoD { g8adoyddko76og]dD IIID lndj koIPo{dkolvo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf x$ [qfmu )D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! { 760uf8k8t]k’.odyf9tde0=h !D d .ljdtfkoD { 76oerkoadIPocpd9eo;o #@& V !$ .l8j k8t]k’7ndyf9tde0=h !D dD { 76.shoadIPozafxPj odaowx0Pozqo76o.lcj 8]j t0=h.o8k8t]k’.shleg]afD { 9kdoAo76d+0Podyf9tde0=h !D 0 .ldj tfkoD { 76.shoadIPozafxjPodaowx0Po.lj[vj o9Eg,afD { 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;f0=h !D 0 xP[mP[.lj !D dD { 76.shoadIPolt\\adwx0Po.ljdtfko c]t cdhg]d0=h !D 7 z6h]t[A’D { 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daod;fc8]j t[A’.o0=h !D 7D { 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daolts^5[dyf9tde0=h ! xP[mP[.ldj ao g-aoj G !D d .lj !F 0 c]t .lj ! 7D 35

dyf9tdemu @ { 76c[’j oadIPovvdgxao # dj5, ♦dj5,mu ! .sh76og]d 0=h @ lv'[A'mevyf.sh 7nda[8q;1kj ’0=hmu !D dD ♦dj5,mu @ .sh76og]d 0=h @ lv'[A'4afwx.sh 7nda[8q;1jk’0=hmu !D 0D ♦d5,j mu # .sh76og]d 0=h @ lv'[A'l5fmhkp.sh 7nda[8q;1jk’0=hmu !D 7 D { .shc8]j td5j,ltg|uzqo’ko16jdtfkogmnvj ]t[A’9qo\\qf.o0=h @D { 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD cotoe;ymucdhD { ;ymucdh8k,8q;1kj '0=hmu !D d { ;ymucdh8k,8q;1kj '0=hmu !D 7 252 x 12 252 200 50 2 x 12 10 2000 500 20 2520 504 2 400 100 4 504 + 2400 600 24 3024 2 5 2 3024 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { ;ymucdh8k,8q;1jk'0=hmu ! D d 2 5 2 x 1 2 = 2 5 2 x (10 + 2) = (252 x 10) + (252 x 2) 2520 + 504 { 7c6o]etr0k=h @oadII;j P,odlaotDs^5[8 k,.97; k,0=h ! 3024 { .shoadIPo9qf[qfIPo.lj,0v’.z]k;D dyf9tdemu # { 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaf 0=h ! c]t 0=h @ .l,j 0v’.z]k;D { 76g]ktd;f.sh7tcoooadIPoD { .shoadIPomudj ;fc]h;4nd8hv'lt\\adwx0Po.ldj tfkoz6h]t[A’D { 76 c]t oadIPoIj;,daod;fgrnjvgxaodkolts^5[[qfg/ydsafI;j ,daoD dyf9tdemu $ { 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qola’gdf8q;1jk’D 36

{ 9kdoAo 76.shoadIPoc0’j 0aodao76og]d 3fp76deoqfgvqkg-aoj G !!# V @ gxaogmqjk.f[+ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ .shoadIPo7yfw].j ljg9hp .shoadIPo76o16j.o.9 c]h;0Po.ljg9hp9kdoAo76oa[ !F @F Ivf # c]h;.shoadIPopqdg9hp0Bo76g]ktd;fg[yj’zqovvd 0v’oadIPoc8j]t7qoD { 76gIafmeov’oU\\qfm5d[A’D dyf9tdemu & { 76c[j’dj5,oadIPo8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { .shc8]j td5j,vkj o c]t la’gdf8q;1jk’.odyf9tde0=h # c]t 0=h $D { .shc8j]td5,j c0’j 0aodao76og]dc]h;0Po.ljd5j,8qogv'F d5j,.fc]h;.shpqd 0Bo76d;fwx rhv,phv’p=d5j,mjugIafwfhw; c]t 4nd8hv’D { gIafmeov’oUwx9qo7q[\\qfm5d[A’D { 76oerkoadIPolts^5[8k,.97;k,0=h # c]t 0=h $D { .shoadIPo9qf.97;k,.lj,[qfIPoD dyf9tdemu * { 760Po8k8t]k’.o[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu # .ljdtfkoD { 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qolt\\adwx0Po9eo;o.l[j vj o9Eg,afD { 76lts^5[dko0Po0v’oadIPoIj;,da[oadIPo\\qfshv’D dyf9tdemu ( { .shoadIPoc8]j t7qogIaf[qfg/ydsaf0=h $F &F * .lj,8qogv’D { 76d;f c]t .sh7tcooD { s^a'9kdd;fc]h; .shoadIPoz6hmjugIaf4ndvvdcdh16dj tfkoD { 76 c]t oadIPoI;j ,daod;f c]t lts^5[dyf9tdeD V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kdG { dkoltg|udko76og]d.ljdtfko0v’oadIPoD { la’gdfdkogIaf;Pdgxaod5j,0v’oadIPoD { la’gdfdkogIaf[qfg/ydsaf0v’oadIPoD { la’gdf7tcoo0v’oadIPoc8]j t7qoD 37

[qfmu _ dkoc[j’xao g;]k # -q;j 3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kf[vd7;k,\\kp0v’dkoc[j’xaowfhD IID goNv.o8Qo8= dkoc[Cj xaomujgxaodkoskooAo c,oj dkoc[’j xaogxaolj;o3fpc8]j tlj;o,u 9eo;ogmqjkdao s^n dkoc9d1kpgxaor6f 3fpc8]j tr6f,u9eo;ogmqjkdaoF lyj’mujgs^nv9kddkoc[j’xao9t8hv’|hvpdj;kl;j oc[’j xaoD IIID lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf x$F dhvosuoF 4q’1k’D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76vjko39f0v’dyf9tde0=hmu @ .shoadIPo2a’D { 76.shvklklt\\ad @ 7qo vvd,k|hkshv’c]h;c[’j dhvosuo _( dhvo .l4j q’ & 4q’ 9twfhgmqjk.fL Xwfh !_ 4q' gs^nv @ dhvo?D { 760PozqowfhIa[.ljdtfko.shoadIPog[y’j 97 = (19 x 5) + 2 . { 76vtmy[kp7no;ymu7yfw].j shoadIPo2a’D { 76dkj pdyf9tde0=hmu ! .ldj tfko.shoadIPola’gdfg[y’j D { 76.shoadIPovklklt\\adzafxjPodaovvd,k7yfw]jc]h;8nj,9eo;o.lj[jvo;jk’ X9qo7q[ $ 0=h?D 7e8v[G 95 = ( 8 x 11) + 7 ; 87 = (4 x 21 ) + 3 ; 72 = (14 x 5 ) + 2 ; 112 = ( 5 x 22) + 2 . { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD { 76vtmy[kp7no;ymudko7yfw].j shoadIPo2a’vudD 38

dyf9tdemu @ { 76vjko39f16dj yf9tde0=hmu # .shoadIPo2a’D { 76lqomtokIj;,da[oadIPodjP;da[gonhv.o[qf39fD { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5j,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76cotoe.shc8j]td5,j cdhdyf9tdefa’j dkj ;.lgj 9hp[aombd0v’d5,j 8qoD { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[y’j c8j]td5j,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsao;jkd5j,.f[+g0Qk.976-;j p cotoe8n,j D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8j]td5,j gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh\\62j a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeF -q,g-upd5,j muj8v[wfh4nd8hv’D { ;ymucdhdyf9tde0=h mu #D xD! G 60 = 12 V 5 xD@ G 50 = (12 V 4) + 2 xD# G 53 = (12 V 4) + 5 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ xD$ G 38 = (12 V 3) + 2 xD& G 75 = (12 V 6) + 3 5 + 4 + 4 + 3 + 6 = 22 da[ 2 + 5 + 2 + 3 = 12 glAo = 1 da[ 8v[ G 22 + 1 = 23 da[ { 76lts^5[gxao[qfIPoc]h;.shoadIPodjkp.97;k,.ljxnh,[qfIPo0v’8qoD dyf9tdemu # { 76.shoadIPovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! 76vtmy[kpgonhv.o.shoadIPo2a’D { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaf.l,j 0Po0v’8qoD { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8j]t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD 39

dyf9tdemu $ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @ .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5j,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,D { 76cotoe.shc8]j td5,j cdhdyf9tdefaj’djk;.ljg9hp[aombd0v'd5j,8qogv’D { 76g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8]j td5j, 4hkgsao;jkd5j,.f[+g0Qk.9 76-;j pcotoe8nj,D { 76.sh8k’|hkc8j]td5,j gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfkorhv,ma’]kp’ko.sh\\62j a’D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tde c]t -q,g-upd5,j mu8j v[wfhfuD dyf9tdemu & { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8]j t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu #F $F & .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76cotoeoadIPo.shcdh[qfg/ydsaffaj’djk;.lj,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 768yf8k,g[yj’c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8]j t7qoD { 76 c]t oadIPolts^5[95ffuF 95f7hk’7k0v’dkoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 7e8v[[qfg/ydsaf 0=h #S $ c]t & 0=h #S .-h !( dt8jk X,u ! dt8kj mu,j uc8j * |;j p?D 0=h $ G ( WWW du[ 0=h & G &W 7qo .ooAo,u # d5,j mu,j u &! 7qo V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kdG { dko7yfw]dj koc[’j xaoF dkocdhg]d.o8k8t]k’ c]t dkocdh39fwfh4nd8hv’ s^n [+L { dkoxt8y[af;Pdgxaod5j,0v’oadIPo ,u7;k,lk,ad7u c]t ,ul;j oI;j ,oedao s^n [+L { 7tcoomujc8j]t7qowfhIa[wfh8k,7kf\\kpmuj;k’w;hlO.fL 40

[qfmu !W dkosko g;]k # -qj;3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ .shoadIPolk,kfcdhg]dskowfh 3fpoe.-hdko]q[c]t dko76oD IID goNv.o8Qo8= dkooe.-hdko76o c]t dko]q[ g0Qkcdhlt4kotdkodkoskogxaornho 4ko0v’dkolhk’g8adoyddkoskoD IIID lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD$ [qfmu !WD IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76.shoadIPogvqkc[[IPo7toyflkf xD$ [qfmu !W 0Bo,kla’gdf dyf9tde0=hmu !D { 76vkj odyf9tde0=hmu ! rhv,vtmy[kp.shoadIPo2a’1kj ’]tvPf7nG me vyfc,jo[qf39fS 0=h d c,jo;ymudko-vd0v’ok’lyoS 0=h 0 c,oj ;ymudkocdh 0v’mhk;lqo g-y’j ma’lv’;ymuc,oj c8d8kj ’daoS lj;o0=h 7 c,oj xP[mP[ @ dko7yfw]fj aj’dkj ;rhv,8v[7e4k,D { c['j oadIPovvdgxaodj5,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v'shv'D { c8]j tdj5,oadIPoxt8y[afdyf9tde8k,0=h dS 0=h 0 c]t 0=h 7D { g,nvj cdhc]h;d=.sh8k’|hkc8j]td5,j 0Boltg|u7e8v[ c]t ;ymudko cdh0v’dj5,16dj tfkoF lj;od5j,vnjo8yf8k,d;fcdh-;j pD { 76-j;pglu,.odkod;fcdh 0v’ok’lyo c]t mhk;lqo grnvj .shoadIPo9qf djkpgvqkfaj’oUG ♦ ;ymu0v’ok’lyoc,jo-vdsk9eo;ogmnvj mu76odao !@ 7nG c,oj [;d -EMdaos^kpgmnvj g-ajoG 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 = 72 c]h; gvqk (@ [;d .sh # wfh (& 7n9eo;ow0mj a'\\qfD 41

♦ ;ymu0v' mhk;lqo c,oj -vdsk9eo;o7A’mugvqk !@ vvd9kd (& g-ajoG 75 _ 12 = 63 63 _ 12 = 51 51 _ 12 = 39 39 _ 12 = 27 27 _ 12 = 15 15 _ 12 = 3 7ngvqk !@ vvd9kd !& ,u * 7A' c]t gs^nvw0j16j # |;j pD ♦ xP[mP[ma’lv’dko7yfw]j9twfhD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ T c8t[ao95w0,j u * c8tD T w0jmujgs^nv,u # |j;p9kddko[ao95.ljc8tD dyf9tdemu @ { .shoadIPorkdaola’gdfdyf9tde0=hmu @ .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76vkj o[qf39f.shoadIPo2a’rhv,vtmy[kp.shg0Qk.9F oadIPolk,kf.-h lv’ ;ymufa’j 0=h ! ,kcdhwfhD { oadIPo]q’,ncdhr=.zr=]k;F 76g]ktwxc8]j t38tgrnvj .sh7;k,-j;pgs^nvD { g,nvj cdhc]h;d+.shvklklt\\avvd,kcdh16dj tfko \\67j qovnjo8yf8k, c]t d;fcdh-;j pD ♦ 7e8v[mujgxaogvdtrk[ma’lv’;ymuc,jo G 1297 = ( 24 x 54 ) + 1 dyf9tdemu # 76rkoadIPolts^5[9kdlv’;ymufa’j dkj ;gxao[qfIPoc]h;9qf.97;k, .ljdtfko.shoadIPo9qfdjkpgvqkfaj’oUG gIqklk,kfoe.-hs^kp;ymu grnjvcdhlt4kotdko dkoskoF 8q;1jk’ 1kdI6h;jk.o *&W ,u9adgmnvj @$ gIqkxt8y[affa’j oUG 42

;ymumu ! G oe.-hdko76oD @$ V #W = (@W gIqkwfh #W gmnjvF s^kp3rf @$ V @W = $)W gIqkwfh @W gmnvj F |hvp3rf @$ V @& = *WW gIqkwfh @& gmnjvF |hvp3rf @$ V @) = *(@ gIqkwfh @) gmnjvF s^kp3rf @$ V @( = *$) gIqkwfh *&W = X@$ V @(? T @ ;ymumu @ G oe.-hdko76o c]t dko]q[D _650 1 gmnvj @$ 2 4 + _ 6 2 6 2 gmnvj @$ 4 8 + _5 7 8 4 gmnvj @$ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 9 6 + _ 4 8 2 8 gmnvj @$ 1 9 2 + _ 2 9 0 8 gmnjv @$ 1 9 2 _ 9 8 + 9 6 4 gmnjv @$ 2 27 gmnvj @$ F glf @ dyf9tdemu $ { .shoadIPola’gdf[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! r=.zr=]k;D { 76vkj o7elaj’ c]t vtmy[kp.shoadIPog0qhk.9D { oadIPo]q’,nxt8y[afdyf9tde8k,;ymumu ! wfhD (@) c,jo $W [;ddao !) gmnjv c]t [+r= )D $&W c,jo #@ [;ddao !$ gmnjv c]t [+r= @D )$( c,oj && [;ddao !& gmnjv c]t [+r= @@D 43

@&$ c,oj !) [;ddao !$ gmnvj c]t [+r= @D ()W c,oj #( [;ddao @! gmnvj c]t [+r= #D @$#W c,oj @! [;ddao !!& gmnvj c]t [+r= !&D dyf9tdemu & ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { c[j'oadIPovvdgxaod5,j 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v'shv'D { .shd5j,la’gdf[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @D { 76vjko7ela’ c]t vtmy[kp.shoadIPog0Qk.9D { oadIPo]q’,nxt8y[afdyf9tde0v’dj5,.z]k;8k,;ymumu @ wfhG gvqk )! vvd9kd9eo;o !$@! wfh !( gmnjv c]t gs^nv $$ gvqk $@ vvd9kd9eo;o *$) wfh !& gmnjv c]t gs^nv !) gvsqk !@ vvd9kd9eo;o !@( wfh !W gmnjv c]t gs^nv ( gvqk $@ vvd9kd9eo;o *@) wfh !$ gmnjv c]t gs^nv $W gvqk @& vvd9kd9eo;o #(&W wfh !&W gmnjv c]t gs^nv W gvqk !$& vvd9kd9eo;o #W&W wfh @! gmnvj c]t gs^nv & dyf9tdemu * { 76j.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu #D { 764k,oadIPoc8j]t7qog0Qk.9[qf39f s^n [+ X76vtmy[kp8nj, 4hkoadIPo[+g0Qk.9?D { 76cotoe oadIPolk,kfoe.-h;ymumuj|b'j s^n lv'g0Qk.odkocdh39fD { 768yf8k,dkocdh39f0v'oadIPo c]t -;j pcotoe4hkoadIPo[+g0Qk.9D { 76.shvklklt\\ad @ 7qo 0Bowxcdh16jdtfko Xzh6]t;ymu?D { 764k, pa',u.zcdhfh;p;ymuc8d8jk'9kdlv'7qo s^n zqovvd8kj '9kdzqovvd0v'lv' 7qoX.sh0Bowx16jdtfko?D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD { 7e8v[ G 76 = ( 6 V 13 ) + 0 c8]j t7qowfhg0Qk|q,z6h]t !# dhvoD 44

VD dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo { la'gdf9kddkoxt8y[af;Pd];,shv';kj gIafwfh7nco;.fL { la'gdf;Pdd5,j ;kj -j;p\\6j s^n 4hkdkj p\\6Dj { la'gdf;Pd[5d7qo;jk gIaffh;p8qogv' s^n djkp\\6jF 7tcoovvd,kzqogxao 1kj '.fL [qfmu !! dkosko X 8+ ? g;]k # -qj;3,’ ID 95fxtlq’ { .shoadIPolk,kfgIafg]dsko 3fp-vdsk9eo;o8q;g]d0v’zqosko c]t oe.-h8k8t]k’ mt;u76o0v’zqoskoD IID goNv.o8Qo8= ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { dko7yfw]jg]dc]h;0Po8nj,.lj8k8t]k'mt;u76oF dkooe.-h8k8t]k'mt;u 76ogrnjvgIafg]dskoD IIID lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo { xB,c[[IPo7toyflkf xD$D IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo dyf9tdemu ! { 76 djkp8k8t]k’mt;u76o.odyf9tde0=h ! .ldj tfko.shoadIPog[yj’D { 76 vtmy[kp;ymu7yfw]1j 6cj 8j]tshv’.o8k8t]k’.shoadIPo2a’ c]h;0Po zqo76o.lcj 8j]tshv’ xt,ko !{@ 9eo;o.shoadIPog[y’j grnjvgxao8q;1jk’D { 76 .shoadIPozafxPj odaovklklt\\advvd,k7yfw]j c]h;0Po8n,j .lj8k8t]k’16jdtfko z6h]t ! 9eo;oD { 76 8yf8k,g[yj’ S 4hkgsaoz6h.f7yfw]j[+4nd 76d+xjPo.shz6hvnjovvd,k7yfw]cj moD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD 45

dyf9tdemu @ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76 djkp8q;1jk’.o dyf9tdemu @ .ldj tfko X@)& ' @&? c]h;7yfw]jdko sko3fpoe.-h8k8t]k’mt;u76o0v’zqosko grnvj skog]d[A’faj’dkj ; .shoadIPog[yj’gxao8q;1jk’D { 76 c[’j oadIPovvdgxaod5j, 8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD { 76 cotoe.shc8j]tdj5,gIafg]dsko.odyf9tdefaj’dkj ; d5j,]t @ [A’ .lgj 9hp[aombd 0v'd5j,8qogv’X76deoqf.sh?D { 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[yj’c8j]tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-j;p cotoe8nj,D { 76 .sh8k’|hkc8]j td5j,gvqkg9hp[aombd,k8yf.ljdtfkorhv,ma'vtmy[kp.sh\\6j2a'D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daod;fg[y’j c]t -q,g-upd5j,mujgIafwfh4nd8hv’fuD dyf9tdemu # { 76 vkj o c]t vtmy[kpgoNv.o0v’.97;k,.shoadIPo2a’D { 76 cotoe.shc8j]t7qodjkp gvqk.97;k,faj’dkj ; .ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’D { 76 8yf8k,g[y’j c8j]t7qoxt8y[afdyf9tdeD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tde8k,goNv.o0v’.97;k,D dyf9tdemu $ { 76 djkp8k8t]k’mt;u76o0v’ && c]t _@ .o[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu ! .ldj tfko .shoadIPog[yj’D { 76 cdhg]dsko X___ ' &&? .ldj tfko 3fpoe.-h8k8t]k’mt;u76o0v’ && .shoad IPog[yj’gxao8q;1kj ’D { 76 .shoadIPozafxjPodaolt\\advvd,kcdhg]dsko[A’8+Mwx z6h]t ! [A’ 16dj tfko.sh \\6jg[y’j D { 76 8yf8k,g[yj’ 4hkgsaoz6h.fcdh[+4nd 76d=xPj o.shz6hvnoj vvd,kcdhcmoD { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeD dyf9tdemu & { 76cotoe.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu @ c]t # .oxB,c[[IPoD 46

{ 76 c[’j oadIPovvdgxaod5j,8k,7;k,g\\ktlq,0v’shv’IPoD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76 cotoe.shc8]j tdj5,cdh[qfg/ydsaffaj’dkj ;.ljg9hp[aombd 0v’d5j,8qogv’ z6h]t ! 0=h X76deoqf.sh?D { 76 g]kt8yf8k,g[y’j c8]j tdj5,xt8y[afdyf9tdeF 4hkgsaod5j,.f[+g0Qk.9gIaf 76-;j pcot oe8nj,D { 76 .sh8k’|hkc8]j td5j,gvqkg9hp[aombdwx8yf.ljdtfko rhv,oeltg|u.sh\\6j2a’8nj,D { 76 c]t oadIPorhv,daolts^5[dyf9tdeF -q,g-updj5,mujcdhwfh4nd8hv’D dyf9tdemu * { 76 cotoe.shc8]j t7qovjko[qfg/ydsaf0=hmu $ c]t mu & .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76 cotoe.shc8]j t7qocdh[qfg/ydsaffaj’djk;.ljxB,0Po0v’8qogv’z6h]t ! 0=h X76deoqf.sh?D { 76 8yf8k,g[y’j dkoxt8y[afdyf9tde0v’c8j]t7qoD { 76 d;fF fafcx’ c]t .sh7tcooc8]j t7qoD VD dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo la’gdf9kd G { dkogIafg]dsko 3fp-vdsk9eo;o8q;g]d0v’zqosko c]t dkooe.-h 8k8t]k’ mt;u76o0v’zqoskog0Qk.odkoskog]d oadIPogIafwfhfulje.f L { dkoxt8y[afc8j]tdyf0tde;kj oadIPo,u7;k,lqo.98+[qfIPo|hvp{s^kpxko.fL { 7tcoomucj 8]j t7qowfhIa[ wfh7kf\\kp |hvp s^kp lej .f L 47