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90 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. $GTICDWPINCJFGPICPVKICVGOCPOW &KUMWUKMCPECTCOGODCECVGMURGTCPIMCVWRCECTC77&,CPLK5KUYCFCP&QC 6WNKU WNCPI FK DWMW VWICUOW FCP DGTKNCJ VCPFC LGFC FCP KPVQPCUK RCFC VGMU RGTCPIMCVWRCECTCKVW$GTNCVKJ/GODCECMCP6GMU2GTCPIMCV7RCECTC $CICKOCPCMGIKCVCPOWOGODGTKVCPFCECTCOGODCECVGMURGTCPIMCVWRCECTC! 5GVGNCJOGODGTKVCPFCECTCOGODCECRCFCVGMURGTCPIMCVWRCECTCMKPKUCCVP[C WPVWMOGODCECMCPVGMURGTCPIMCVWRCECTC $CIKNCJVWICUOGODCECMCPVGMURGTCPIMCVWRCECTC #FCVGMUOCUKPIOCUKPIUKUYCOGOKNKJUCVWVGMUWPVWMFKDCECMCP $GTICPVKCPNCJOGODCECMCPVGMURGTCPIMCVWRCECTC $GTKNCJRGPKNCKCPECTCOGODCECVGOCPOW6WNKURGPKNCKCPFKDWMWVWICU 2GPKNCKCP%CTC/GODCECMCP6GMU2GTCPIMCV7RCECTC 0COC5KUYC 8QNWOG ,GFC +PVQPCUK .CHCN $GTNCVKJNCJVGTWUUGUWCKFGPICPUCTCPVGOCPOW .QODC/GODCECMCP6GMU2GTCPIMCV7RCECTC .CMWMCP RGTNQODCCP MGEKN 2KNKJ DGDGTCRC VGOCP UGDCICK LWTK /CUKPIOCUKPIMGNQORQMOGOKNKJYCMKNVGTDCKM#LCMNCJIWTWOWWPVWMOGPLCFKLWTKNQODC $WCVNCJ NGODCT RGPKNCKCP UGRGTVK NCVKJCP UGDGNWOP[C 6GPVWMCP VKIC RGUGTVC VGTDCKM$GTKMCPRGPIJCTICCPOGPCTKMWPVWMOGTGMC5GNCOCVNQODC6WICU4WOCJ #LCMNCJDGDGTCRCVGOCPOWFKTWOCJWPVWMDGTNCVKJWRCECTC 6GPVWMCP VWICU OCUKPIOCUKPI UGRGTVK RGODCEC 7PFCPI7PFCPI &CUCT 2CPECUKNC&QC2GODCYC#ECTCFCPNCKPNCKP .CMWMCP2GODCECCPOCUKPIOCUKPIVGMUFGPICPUWCTC[CPILGNCUNCPVCPI KPVQPCUK[CPIVGRCVFCPDGTYKDCYC8QLW 3HQGLGLNDQ
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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
92 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. RWVTK[CPIECPVKM!ő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
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 93 6QMQJFCPYCVCM #NWT CYCNRGPEGTKVCCP RGPIGPCNCPOCUCNCJ RWPECMOCUCNCJ RGP[GNGUCKCPOCUCNCJ 2GUCP /GPWNKU-GODCNK+UK&QPIGPI -GIKCVCP UGNCPLWVP[C CFCNCJ OGPWNKU MGODCNK KUK FQPIGPI FGPICP MCNKOCVOW UGPFKTK -CNKCP UWFCJ OGPIGVCJWK PCOC VQMQJ DGUGTVC YCVCMP[C CNWT EGTKVC FCP RGUCP[CPIFKUCORCKMCP&CTKJCNJCNVGTUGDWVEGTKVCMCPNCJMGODCNKUGECTCVGTVWNKU $CICKOCPCECTCOGPWNKUMCPFGPICPMCNKOCVUGPFKTK!2GTJCVKMCPEQPVQJDGTKMWV #YCNEGTKVCFQPIGPI-GQPI'OCUCFCNCJOGORGTMGPCNMCPFWCRWVTK-GTCLCCP&CJC [CPIDGTPCOC&GYK)CNWJFCP%CPFTC-KTCPC 2GPIGPCNCPOCUCNCJCFCNCJKTKJCTK2WVTK)CNWJ#LGPIRCFC2WVTK%CPFTC-KTCPC &CTKMCNKOCVVGTUGDWVFCRCVMCOWLCDCTMCPOGPLCFKUGRGTVKDGTKMWV -GTCLCCP&CJCFKRKORKPQNGJUGQTCPITCLCDGTPCOC4CLC-GTVCOCTVC4CLC-GTVCOCTVC OGOKNKMK FWC RWVTK ECPVKM LGNKVC -GFWC RWVTK KPK DGTPCOC &GYK )CNWJ FCP %CPFTC -KTCPC/GTGMCJKFWRFCOCKFCPUCNKPIOGP[C[CPIK 0COWP MGCFCCP KPK VKFCM DGNCPIUWPI NCOC 5GDWCJ OCUCNCJ OWPEWN UCCV UCNCJ UCVW RWVTK FKVWPCPIMCP FGPICP UGQTCPI RCPIGTCP 2WVTK )CNWJ #LGPI [CPI DGNWO FKVWPCPIMCPOGTCUCKTKVGTJCFCRUCWFCTCP[C%CPFTC-KTCPCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANCPLWVMCPQNGJOWAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 8QLW 3HQGLGLNDQ
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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 95 UGNCNW OGTCUC NCRCT /CMCPCP [CPI UGJCTWUP[C FKOCMCP DGTVKIC FCRCVFKOCMCPP[CUGPFKTK .COC MGNCOCCP 2WVGTC UGNCNW OGODWCV LGPIMGN C[CJP[C ,KMC FKUWTWJ OGODCPVW RGMGTLCCP QTCPI VWC KC UGNCNW OGPQNCM +UVTK 2GVCPK UGNCNW OGPIKPICVMCP 2GVCPK CICT DGTUCDCT CVCU WNCJ CPCM OGTGMC;CCMWCMCPDGTUCDCTYCNCWDCICKOCPCRWPFKCKVWCPCM MKVC MCVC 2GVCPK MGRCFC KUVTKP[C 5[WMWTNCJ MCPFC DGTRKMKTCP UGRGTVK KVW -CPFC OGOCPI UGQTCPI UWCOK FCP C[CJ [CPI DCKM RWLK2WVGTKMGRCFCUWCOKP[C /GOCPIMCVCQTCPIMGUCDCTCPKVWCFCDCVCUP[C*CNKPKFKCNCOKQNGJ2GVCPKKVW2CFCUWCVWJCTK2WVGTCOGPFCRCVVWICUOGPICPVCTMCPOCMCPCPFCPOKPWOCPMGUCYCJFKOCPCC[CJP[CUGFCPI DGMGTLC 2WVGTC VKFCM OGOGPWJK VWICUP[C 2GVCPK OGPWPIIW MGFCVCPICP CPCMP[CUCODKN OGPCJCP JCWU FCP NCRCT +C NCPIUWPI RWNCPI MG TWOCJ &KNKJCVP[C 2WVGTC UGFCPI DGTOCKP DQNC 2GVCPK OGPLCFK OCTCJ UCODKN OGPLGYGT MWRKPI CPCMP[C #PCM VKFCM VCJW FKWPVWPI 6KFCM VCJW FKTK &CUCT CPCM KMCP WORCV UK 2GVCPK VCPRC UCFCT VGNCJ OGPIWECRMCP MCVC RCPVCPICPKVW 5GVGNCJ RGVCPK OGPIWECRMCP MCVCMCVCP[C UGMGVKMC KVW LWIC CPCM FCP KUVTKP[C JKNCPI NGP[CR VCPRC DGMCU FCP LGLCM &CTK DGMCUKPLCMCPMCMKP[CVKDCVKDCOGP[GODWTNCJCKT[CPIUCPICVFGTCUFCPUGOCMKPFGTCU&GUC2GVCPKFCPFGUCUGMKVCTP[CVGTGPFCOUGOWC#KTOGNWCRUCPICVVKPIIKFCPNWCUUGJKPIICOGODGPVWMUGDWCJVGNCIC#MJKTP[COGODGPVWMUGDWCJFCPCW&CPCWKVWCMJKTP[CFKMGPCNFGPICPPCOC&CPCW6QDC2WNCWMGEKNFKVGPICJP[CFKMGPCNFGPICPPCOC2WNCW5COQUKT 5WODGT JVVR YYYGUOCTVUEJQQNEQO 6WICU4WOCJ 2GTIKNCJMGRGTRWUVCMCCP $CECNCJUGDWCJDWMWFQPIGPI 6WNKUNCJVQMQJYCVCMCNWTEGTKVCFCPRGUCPFQPIGPI %GTKVCMCPMGODCNKKUKFQPIGPIFGPICPMCNKOCVOWUGPFKTK 6WNKUFKDWMWVWICU 8QLW 3HQGLGLNDQ
96 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 4#0)-7/#0 $GTEGTKVC FGPICP CNCV RGTCIC CFCNCJ OGPEGTKVCMCP UWCVW EGTKVC MGRCFC QTCPINCKPCPCMCPCM FGPICPOGOCPHCCVMCPCNCVDCPVWRGTCIC#NCVRGTCIC [CPIDKUCFKIWPCMCPCPVCTCNCKPDWMWEGTKVCICODCTDQPGMCICODCTIGTCM FCPNCKPNCKP 5GVKCRCNCVRGTCICOGOKNKMKMCTCMVGTKUVKMVGTUGPFKTK7PVWMKVWFKRGTNWMCP RGPIGVCJWCPVGPVCPIMGVGRCVCPRGPIIWPCCPCNCVRGTCIC 5CVW JCN [CPI JCTWU FKKPICV CFCNCJ HWPIUK CNCV RGTCIC #NCV RGTCIC VKFCM JCP[C DGTHWPIUK OGORGTKPFCJ EGTKVC (WPIUK WVCOC CNCV RGTCIC CFCNCJ OGOWFCJMCP RGPFGPICT OGOCJCOK KUK FCP RGUCP OQTCN [CPI FKUCORCKMCP NGYCVEGTKVC /GODCEC77&FQCFCPLCPLKRGNCLCTOGOKNKMKCVWTCP#VWTCPFCNCO JCN KPK CFCNCJ ECTC OGODCEC /GODCEC RGTCPIMCV WRCECTC JCTWU OGORGTJCVKMCPKPVQPCUK77&FCPLCPLKRGNCLCTUGDCKMP[CFKDCECFGPICP KPVQPCUK VGICU FCP MGTCU UGTVC DGTYKDCYC 5GFCPIMCP VGMU FQC UGDCKMP[C FKDCECFGPICPNGODWV 6GMURGTCPIMCVWRCECTCFKDCECMCPFCNCOCECTCTGUOK6GMUVGTUGDWVJCTWU FKDCECMCPUGECTCVGICULGNCUFCPMJKFOCV+PVQPCUK[CPIMKVCJCFKTMCPJCTWU FCRCVOGODGTKMGUCPOCPVCRFCPDGTYKDCYC REFLEKSI /CORW $GNWO %CVCVCP /CORW -GOCORWCP $GTEGTKVCFGPICPCNCVRGTCIC /GODCECMCPDGTDCICKVGMURGTCPIMCVWRCECTCFGPICP KPVQPCUK[CPIVGRCV /GPWNKUMGODCNKFGPICPDCJCUCUGPFKTKFQPIGPI[CPI MWDCEC8QLW 3HQGLGLNDQ
UNIT 6 6XPEHU KWWS MR\RNXVXPRILOHVZRUGSUHVVFRPPDPDJLDRSHUDVLMSJ PROFESI *DPEDU'RNWHUVHGDQJ0HODNXNDQ3URVHV2SHUDVL 3URIHVL DGDODK SHNHUMDDQ \DQJ PHPEXWXKNDQ SHQGLGLNDQ WHUWHQWX FRQWRKQ\D GRNWHU JXUX SLORWDGYRNDWDUVLWHNKDNLPGDQODLQODLQ8QWXN PHQFDSDL SURIHVL WHUWHQWX RUDQJ KDUXV SDQGDL .HSDQGDLDQ GDSDW GLSHUROHK GHQJDQ EHODMDU6XGDKNDKNDPXUDMLQEHODMDU\"%HODMDU VDQJDW SHQWLQJ 7DQSD EHODMDU SURIHVL \DQJ GLLQJLQNDQ WLGDN PXQJNLQ WHUFDSDL &RQWRKGRNWHU8QWXNPHQMDGLGRNWHUVHVHRUDQJKDUXVPHQMDODQLNXOLDKGLIDNXOWDVNHGRNWHUDQ8QWXNGDSDWPDVXN GL IDNXOWDV NHGRNWHUDQ GLEXWXKNDQ NHPDPSXDQ \DQJ WLQJJL 2UDQJ \DQJ WLGDN SLQWDU WLGDNDNDQELVDPHQMDGLGRNWHU3URIHVLGDSDWNLWDSLOLK.DPXLQJLQPHQMDGLDSD\"7HQWXNDQGDULVHNDUDQJ6LDSNDQGLULPHQXMXSURIHVL\DQJGLLQJLQNDQ3DGD8QLWNDPXDNDQGLDMDNXQWXNPHODNXNDQNHJLDWDQ PHQ\LPSXONDQSHQGDSDWGDQJDJDVDQQDUDVXPEHU PHQDQJJDSLFDUDSHPEDFDDQFHUSHQ PHQJXQJNDSNDQKDOKDO\DQJGDSDWGLWHODGDQLGDULEXNXELRJUDIL GDQ PHQJXEDK WHNV ZDZDQFDUD PHQMDGL QDUDVL GHQJDQ PHPSHUKDWLNDQ FDUD SHQXOLVDQ NDOLPDW ODQJVXQJGDQWDNODQJVXQJ 109
110 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 111 #/GP[KORWNMCP2GPFCRCV0CTCUWODGT 9CYCPECTC CFCNCJ MGIKCVCP VCP[C LCYCD FGPICP UGUGQTCPI [CPI FKRGTNWMCP WPVWM FKOKPVCK MGVGTCPICP CVCW RGPFCRCVP[C OGPIGPCK UWCVW JCN 5GUGQTCPI [CPI FKOKPVCK RGPFCRCVP[CFCNCOMGIKCVCPYCYCPECTCFKUGDWVPCTCUWODGT0CTCUWODGTCFCNCJQTCPI [CPI OGOCJCOK UGDWCJ RGTOCUCNCJCP [CPI CMCP MKVC RGECJMCP 0CTCUWODGT CFCNCJ QTCPI [CPI CJNK FK DKFCPIP[C #TVKP[C KC OGPIWCUCK FGPICP RCUVK FCP FCRCV OGODGTKMCPKPHQTOCUKUGECTCNGPIMCRCVCURGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCPRGYCYCPECTC&CNCO YCYCPECTC PCTCUWODGT OGODGTKMCP RGPFCRCV CVCW ICICUCP VGTVGPVW UGUWCK FGPICP MGCJNKCPOGTGMC -GIKCVCP MCNK KPK CFCNCJ OGPFGPICTMCP YCYCPECTC 5GVGNCJ OGPFGPICTMCP YCYCPECTC MCNKCP FKOKPVC OGP[KORWNMCP RGPFCRCV PCTCUWODGT +MWVK MGIKCVCP KPK FGPICPDCKM /GPFGPICTMCP9CYCPECTC &WC QTCPI VGOCPOW CMCP OGODCECMCP YCYCPECTC FGPICP PCTCUWODGT DGTKMWV 5KOCMNCJ FGPICP UCMUCOC %CVCVNCJ RGPFCRCV CVCW ICICUCP [CPI FKUCORCKMCP PCTCUWODGT 6-95WMUGU/GPLCFK2GPWNKU 2TQHGUK UGDCICK RGODCPVW TWOCJ VCPIIC CVCW 6-9 FK PGIGTKQTCPI UGTKPI FKRCPFCPI UGDGNCJ OCVC 0COWP 'PK -WUWOCOGODCNKMMCP UGOWC RCPFCPICP VGTUGDWV 'PCO VCJWP OGPLCNCPKRTQHGUK UGDCICK RGODCPVW TWOCJ VCPIIC FK *QPI -QPI 'PK DGTJCUKNRWNCPI FGPICP OGODCYC UGUWCVW $WMCP JCTVC [CPI DGTNKORCJVGVCRKUGDWCJJCUKNRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCP[CPIUCPICVOGPCMLWDMCP&KVGPICJVGPICJ MGUKDWMCPP[C UGDCICK RGODCPVW TWOCJ VCPIIC KCDGTJCUKN OGPICUCJ DCMCV OGPWNKUP[C FCP DGTICWN FGPICP MQOWPKVCU[CPINGDKJNWCUOGNCNWKKPVGTPGV $GTKMWV CFCNCJ YCYCPECTC 'F[ <CSGWU FCTK 2GODGNCLCTEQOFGPICP'PK-WUWOCOGNCNWKGOCKNCMJKT/CTGVNCNW RWKUK-GVKMCUC[CRQUVKPIFKOKNKUMGRGPWNKUCP$CICKOCPC RGTCUCCP #PFC UGVGNCJ DWMW [CPI UC[C KMWVK DGTPCOC -QUUVCōOKNKU WPVWMRGTVCOC#PFCVGTDKV! RCTC6-9FK*QPIMQPI[CPIUWMCOGPWNKUō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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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
118 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.UGFKJ /CM UWCTC 4CTC OGPIIGNGICT FGPICP OGPFCRCVMCP DC[CTCP 5GNGUCKNCJDW[CTMCPNCOWPCPP[C 6KFCM0FWM'OCM UWFCJ ,WDGFCJ OGPWPCKMCP VWICU OGOGVKMVKFCM UGFKJ LCYCD ,WDGFCJ OGPEQDC OG OGNCVK FCP UGIGTC OGPICLCM 4CTC DGTIGICUPCORCMMCP YCLCJ EGTCJ UCODKN DWTWDWTW RWNCPI &CNCO RGTLCNCPCP RWNCPI 4CTCOGP[GMC CKT DGPKPI [CPI OWNCK OGPI UGNCNW OGPICODKN CTCJ [CPI NGYCV IGFWPIIGPCPI FK UWFWV OCVCP[C VCRK VGNCPLWT UGMQNCJ FCP ,WDGFCJ OGPWTWV UCLC FGPICPUGVGVGUCKTOCVCKVWVGNCJOGPGVGUVGU,CVWJ VGVCR OGPIKTKPIKP[C 5GRGTVK DKCUCP[CVGRCV MG FCWPFCWP OWPIKN DWPIC RWVTK OCVCJCTK VGPICJ PCKM FK UGMQNCJ FCUCTOCNW [CPI UQPVCM OGPLCFKMCP DWPIC KVW UWFCJ TKWJTGPFCJ FGPICP CPCMCPCMOGPWPFWM UGRGTVK KMWV DGTUGFKJ CVCU MG UGMQNCJ [CPI TCOCK DGTOCKP FK JCNCOCPUGFKJCP [CPI VGPICJ FKUCPFCPI ,WDGFCJ 7PVWM DGDGTCRC UCCV 4CTC OGPIJGPVKMCP ,CPICP DQJQPI /CM RTQVGU 4CTC OGPI NCPIMCJP[C NCNW OGOCPFCPIK OGTGMCJGPVCM VGNCM -CNK KPK ,WDGFCJ VKFCM DKUC FGPICP VCVCRCP VCLCO MGOWFKCP TCUC KTKOWPIMKT NCIK CPIIWMCP UGDCICK UGDWCJ OGPIJWPLCOFKRCNWPIJCVKP[C[CPIRCNKPIRGPICMWCP KVW RWP JCTWU FKNCMWMCP FGOK FCNCO VCRK MGOWFKCP ,WDGFCJ DWTWDWTWOGODGTK RGPIGTVKCP RCFC 4CTC CPCMP[C OGPICLCMP[C RWNCPI 5GUCORCKP[C FK[CPI OCUKJ UGMGEKN KVW JCTWU OGPCPIIWPI TWOCJ 4CTC FGPICP TCUC KTK [CPIDGDCPMGUGFKJCP[CPIVCMVGTVCJCPMCP OGPIJWPLCO UGOCMKP OGPLCFKLCFK FCP MKPK OGPCPECR RCFC JCUTCV FKTK KPIKP UG +DWCPCM KVW OGNCPLWVMCP RGTLCNCPCP MQNCJ UGDCICKOCPC CPCMCPCM UGDC[C FKTKP[C MG MGDWP -KPK OGTGMC JCTWU OGPKVK FK P[C [CPI FKUCMUKMCPP[C FK UGMQNCJ KVWICNGPICP [CPI RCPLCPI 5GQTCPI RGPI -CTGPC VCM VGTMGPFCNK JCUTCVP[C VWORCJIGODCNC OGODGTKMCP UKWNCP TGCMUK UKO FGPICP UGTCPIMCKCP TGPIGMCP /CM 4CTCRCVKP[C [CPI URQPVCP ,WDGFCJ VGVCR OG KPIKP UGMQNCJ ,WDGFCJ UGPICLC RWTCRWTCNCPIMCJ OCPVCR 2GTNCMWCP DGIKVW UWFCJ DWFGM UGRGTVK VKFCM OGPFGPICTP[C FCPDKCUC TKUKMQ UGDCICK UGQTCPI LCPFC OWFC UWCTC TGPIGMCP 4CTC KVW RWP FKWNCPI[CPI OGPCTKM ECPVKM FCP UGMUK 5GDCICK /CCM4CTCKPIKPUGMQNCJ ,WDGFCJOCUKJDCNCUCP CVCU RGTNCMWCP KVW ,WDGFCJ OG UCLCOGODWFGMMCPFKTKFCPTGPIGMCP4CTCP[GPCPFWPIMCP NCIW [CPI JCP[C FK FKWNCPI NCIK FGPICP PCFC MKPK NGDKJ OGOGPIGTVK QNGJ FKTKP[C UGPFKTK -CNCW UWFCJ PKPIIK /CCCM 4CTC KPIKP UGMQNCJJJ DGIKVW 4CTC RGTEC[C GOCMP[C VKFCM DGT -CNK KPK ,WDGFCJ OGP[GTCJ +[C PCPVKUGFKJ NCIK FCP VGTDKVNCJ MGEGTKCCP RCFC FKTK MCNCW UWFCJ VKDC YCMVWP[C 4CTC RCUVKDQECJEGPVKNKVWFGPICPMCMKDGTLKPIMCVFCP UGMQNCJ #CCJ MCRCP /CM! VCP[C 4CTCVCPICP OGTGPVCPI UGRGTVK VKPIMCJ DCNNGTKPC OGNWPLCMOCPLC *GKLCPICPOCPLCDGIKVW MGEKN[CPINKPECJ2GTLCNCPCPOGTGMCDGTFWC 2QMQMP[C 4CTC KPIKP EGRCV UGMQNCJ +[CCMJKTP[C UCORCK FK MGDWP OGNCVK [CPI K[C UGMQNCJ VGICU ,WDGFCJ UQPVCM FCRCVOGPGDCTMCP JCTWO UGDWCJ MGDWP FK OGPIJGPVKMCP TGPIGMCPP[C $GPCT [CRGPWJK OGNCVKOGNCVK [CPI OGTGMCJ /CM 4CTC UGMQNCJ! FGUCM 4CTC WPVWM,WDGFCJ NCPIUWPI DGTDCWT FGPICP RCTC NGDKJ OGP[CMKPMCP FKTKP[C FCP ,WDGFCJRGOGVKM UGFCPI 4CTC DGTNCTKCP MGEKN UG OGPLCYCDP[C EWMWR FGPICP CPIIWMCPRWVCT MGDWP [CPI OGPIJCORCT CU[KM DGT MGRCNC UCLC 5GVGNCJ OGTCUC [CMKP DGPCTOCKP UGPFKTKCP UCLC OGPWPIIWK GOCMP[C 4CTCUGTVCOGTVCDGTUQTCMUQTCKMGIKTCPICPDGMGTLC $GFQN FCVCPIP[C OGICNOGIQN LCFK *QTGGGG 4CTC UGMQNCJ 4CTC UGMQNCJVGVCR VGNCV UKPFKT 5TKPVKN UGQTCPI RGOGVKM 5GMQNCJ /GNKJCV UGOWC KVW ,WDGFCJ[CPI UGNCNW WUKN RCFC ,WDGFCJ ;C OCM JCP[CIGNGPIIGNGPIMGRCNCFCPDGTIWOCONWONCJ DCYC OQOQPICP LCYCD ,WDGFCJ NKTKJ ;C PCOCP[C UCLC CPCMCPCM UGNCNWOGP[WPIIKPI UGP[WOCP OCPKU /CVCJCTK UGICNC MGKPIKPCPP[C JCTWU UGEGRCVP[C FKDCPIMKV FCP DCTW OWNCK UGFKMKV OGPEKEKRK VWTWVK JCTWO OGNCVK [CPI OCORW OGODGMCNKMGEGTKCCPRCIKDGTUGTKUGTKVCRKOGNCVK[CPI $GUQMP[C ,WDGFCJ DGTCPIMCV OGOGVKMOGMCT UWFCJ UGOWCP[C FKRGVKM UGJKPIIC OGNCVK NGDKJ RCIK NCIK UGWUCK UJCNCV UWDWJOGPIJCTWUMCP RCTC RGOGVKM KVW RWNCPI NCPIUWPI UCLC DGTIGICU MG MGDWP VKFCM8QLW 3URIHVL
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 119OGPIICPFGPI VCPICP 4CTC OGNCKPMCP DKC[C UGMQNCJ 4CTC CPCM UGOCVC YC[CPIOGPIIGPFQPIP[C CICT DKUC UGEGRCVP[C [CPIDGIKVWUCPICVFKUC[CPIKP[CUCORCK FK MGDWP OGNCVK ,CPICP EGRCVEGRCV LCNCPP[C /CM UGTW 4CTC MGTCU 5WFCJUGMKCPYCMVWDGTUGNCPI,WDGFCJOGPIJGPVCM JGPVKMCP NCPIMCJ ,WDGFCJ OGODCPVKPI VWNCPI FGPICP UWUCJ RC[CJ 4CTC KPIKP EGRCV UGMQNCJ CVCW VKFCM! DGTWUCJC UGMWCV VGPCIC OGNCMWMCP RGVCP[C ,WDGFCJ OGPIWLK +K[C 4CTC KPIKP MGTLCCP OGOGVKM OGNCVK FCP OGP[KCPIKEGRCV DKUC UGMQNCJ /CM LCYCD 4CTC VGT RCFK -KPK VCDWPICPP[C EWMWR DCP[CMICICR 0CJ MCNCW DGIKVW 4CTC JCTWU OG 2CFC JCTK /KPIIW ,WDGFCJ RGTIK MG RCUCTPWTWV VGICU ,WDGFCJ FCP MGOWFKCP NCPI OGODGNKUGRGTCPIMCVDGMCNMGDWVWJCP4CTCUWPI OGPLGNCUMCP 'OCM LCNCPP[C EGRCV UGMQNCJ UGRGTVK RCMCKCP UGTCICO VCU FCPEGRCVCICTUGEGRCVP[CUCORCKFKMGDWPFCP UGRCVW -CNK KPK UGDGNWO RGTIK ,WDGFCJNGDKJ DCP[CM NCIK OGOGVKM OGNCVK +VW NGDKJ FWNW OGPKFWTMCP4CTC FK TWOCJ ;CCTVKP[C'OCMFCRCVFWKVDCP[CMWPVWMDKUC JCP[C MCNK UCLC 4CTC VKFCM KMWV UGTVC WPVWMDC[CT DKC[C UGMQNCJ 4CTC PCPVK OGPIGTVK! NGDKJ OGPIJGOCV UGDCD MCNCW CFC 4CTC4CTC OGPWTWV UCLC VKFCM NCIK RTQVGU VCRK DGVCRC UGKUK FQNCPCP CPCMCPCM FK RCUCTJCP[C DGTFKCO FK IGPFQPICP 5CORCK FK CMCP FKDGNKP[C $KUC FKDC[CPIMCP VGTMWTCUMGDWP OGNCVK ,WDGFCJ NCPIUWPI OGOGVKM NWFGUVCDWPICPP[CUGDGNWOFCRCVOGODGNKOGNCVK UGPFKTKCP $GDGTCRC UCCV MGOWFKCP UGRGTCPIMCV MGDWVWJCP UGMQNCJ 5GPFKTKCPRCTC RGOGVKM NCKPP[C RWP OWNCK DGT ,WDGFCJ RGTIK MG RCUCT OCUWM MG FCNCOFCVCPICP *CK $GFQN VWODGP ICUKM JKTWMRKMWM MGTCOCKCP CMVKXKVCU LWCNDGNKUKPFKT 6WVK RGOGVKM [CPI DCTW FCVCPI KVW FCP UGDGPVCT MGOWFKCP MGNWCT FGPICP ;C OGUVK ICUKM FGOK OQOQPICP CMCP UG OGODCYC UGRGTCPIMCV DGMCN MGDWVWJCPMQNCJ LCYCD ,WDGFCJ OGPLGNCUMCP 1[C UGMQNCJ4CTC CMCP UGMQNCJ! VCP[C 5CTK[GO UGVGPICJ MCIGV UGRGTVK VKFCM RGTEC[C +[C 2WNCPI FCTK RCUCT ,WDGFCJ OGPFCRCVKUGOQIC UCLC 4CTC DKUC UGMQNCJ VCJWP KPK 4CTCOCUKJVKFWTRWNCUVCRKNCPIUWPIUGIGTCLCYCD ,WDGFCJ UGTKWU FGPICP VCVCRCP MG FKDCPIWPMCPP[C *QTGGG 'OCM DCYCCTCJ NCPIKV UGRGTVK OKPVC TGUVW RCFC 5CPI QNGJQNGJ UQTCM4CTCDGIKVWDCPIWPVKFWT/CJC -WCUC /GTGMC VCORCM DGTUGOCPICV 0CJ UGOWC KPK WPVWM MGDWVWJCP 4CTCOGOGVKM OGNCVK VCRK FCTK UGOWC RGOGVKM UGMQNCJ LGNCU ,WDGFCJ OGORGTNKJCVMCPKVW ,WDGFCJNCJ [CPI RCNKPI DGTUGOCPICV UGTCICO UGMQNCJ VCU FCP UGRCVW [CPI FKFGOK OGPFCRCV WCPI DCP[CM DWCV OGO DCYCP[C KVW .CPIUWPI FKEQDC [C /CM! DC[CT DKC[C UGMQNCJ 4CTC 5GNGUCK RGMGTLCCP +[C EQDCNCJ RCUVK RCU WPVWMOW 0FWM OGOGVKM OGNCVK ,WDGFCJ [CPI DKCUCP[C 4CTC NCPIUWPI OGPIGPCMCP UGTCICO UGNCPIUWPIRWNCPIMKPKRKPFCJMGNCFCPINCKP MQNCJ UGRCVW FCP OGPECPIMNQPI VCU DCTW[CPI FKVCPCOK RCFK &K UCPC CFC RGMGTLCCP KVW FCP OGOCPI RCU FKEQDCP[C 4CTC MKPKOGP[KCPIK RCFK [CPI FKLCNCTK TWORWV VCORCM EGTKC FGPICP DGTIC[C NC[CMP[CTWORWV NKCT ,WDGFCJ OGP[KCPIK RCFK UGRGTVK UWFCJ LCFK CPCM UGMQNCJ UCLCUGFCPI 4CTC FKDKCTMCP DGDCU DGTOCKP FK UGDCICKOCPC IC[C 5JGTKPC UGMQNCJ FCNCOUGRWVCTNCFCPI[CPIDCICKRGTOCFCPKJKLCW HKNO 2GVWCNCPICP 5JGTKPC *QTG JQTGGTCMUCUC DGIKVW NWCU OGODGPVCPI UCORCK JQTGGG UQTCM 4CTC OGNQPLCMNQPLCM MGMCMK )WPWPI 5NCOGV 4CTC LCFK CICM IKTCPICP .KJCV /CM 4CTC DGTCPIMCVVGNCPVCTVCRKKDWCPCMKVWVGVCRDKUCRWNCPI UGMQNCJ 4CTC DGTCPIMCV $GTCPIMCV DGTUCOC OGPLGNCPI OCITKD $GIKVWNCJ MKPK /GORGTJCVKMCP 4CTC VCORCM DGIKVWFCP JCTKJCTK UGNCPLWVP[C ,WDGFCJ OGNCMW MGIKTCPICP KVW ,WDGFCJ UCPICV VGTJCTWMCP RGMGTLCCP ICPFC OGOGVKM OGNCVK FCP DGVCRC FKC OGTCUC CMCP OCORW OGOGP[KCPIK RCFK UGDWCJ VWPVWVCP MGTLC P[GMQNCJMCPCPCMP[CVCPRCDCPVWCP4QLCNKNGDKJ MGTCU NCIK FGOK OGPFCRCV FWKV UWCOK [CPI RGTPCJ OGTGOGJMCP MGUGDCP[CMDCP[CMP[C WPVWM DKUC OGODC[CT OCORWCPP[C 4CTC OGOCPI OGPLCFK UG DWCJ MGDCPIICCP DCIK ,WDGFCJ MGDCPIIC CP[CPIVCMVGTWMWTQNGJCRCRWP 8QLW 3URIHVL
120 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 9CMVW [CPI NCOC FKVWPIIWVWPIIW KVW P[C UGRGTVK UWFCJ OWNCK OGPEKWO DCWFCVCPI LWIC 6KDC UCCVP[C 4CTC CMCP MGOCVKCP +PPCNKNNCJKYCKPPCKNCKJKTQLKWP UGMQNCJ ,WDGFCJ VGTUGPVCM FCTK DCPIWP UGDWV ,WDGFCJ FGPICP UWCTC DGTIGVCTVKFWT OGPIKPICVP[C 6CRK VKDCVKDC OG UGVGNCJ[CMKPCPCMP[CKVWOGPKPIICNFWPKCP[GTWCM FK DGPCMP[C HKTCUCV VKFCM DCKM FCP MQPVCP KC OGPLGTKV JKUVGTKU 6QNQPIFGPICP UC[WRUC[WR OGPFGPICT VGTKCMCP 6QNQQPI 6QNQQQPIII 6GVCPIIC UGMKVCTDWTWPIICICM[CPIUGRGTVKOGPIKU[CTCVMCP UGIGTC DGTFCVCPICP ,WDGFCJ MKPK OGTCVCRUGUWCVW 5GOGUVKP[C FKC DCJCIKC MCTGPC RKNW FK FGRCP 4CTC $WTWPI ICICM OGYCMVW DGTCPIMCV UGMQNCJ 4CTC UWFCJ VKDC PIGRCMPIGRCMMCP UC[CRP[C UGRGTVK OGVCRK VGTKCMCP ICICM [CPI UGOCMKP MGPECPI PCPFCKVWICUP[CVGNCJUGNGUCKOGPICDCTMCPOGPIIGNKUCJMCPP[C ,WDGFCJ DWTWDWTW UGDWCJ MGOCVKCP FCP MGOWFKCP VGTDCPIOGODCPIWPMCP 4CTC VCRK VGTP[CVC 4CTC OGPLCWJ FCTK TWOCJ ,WDGFCJ OWPIMKPVKFCM DCPIWP-GODCNKKC DCPIWPMCP 4CTC OGPICDCTMCP MGOCVKCP NCIK FK VGORCVVCRK PKJKN ,WDGFCJ MGOWFKCP OGPIQ[CPI GPVCJ FK OCPC ,WDGFCJ JCP[C DKUC OGIQ[CPIMCP VWDWJ OWPIKN KVW VCRK VGVCR PCPIKUUGVKCROGNKJCVUGRGTCPIMCVDGMCNMGVKFCMDGTIGTCM 0FWMDCPIWPNCJ-CWJCTK DWVWJCP UGMQNCJ 4CTC KVW DGVCRC VGTCUCKPKJCTWUUKCRUKCRDGTCPIMCVUGMQNCJ 4CTC OCUKJ VGTPIKCPIPIKCPI UWCTC 4CTC DGTVGVCRVKFCMDGTIGTCM,WDGFCJOWNCKOGTCDC UQTCMUQTCM .KJCV /CM 4CTC CMCP DGFCFC 4CTC FCP VKFCM CFC FGVCM LCPVWPIP[C TCPIMCV UGMQNCJ 4CTC DGTCPIMCVUGJKPIIC OGODWCV ,WDGFCJ RCPKM &K NWCT $GTCPIMCVŒDWTWPI ICICM UGOCMKP MGPECPI VGTKCMCP 5WODGT 4GRWDNKMC#IWUVWU ,CYCDNCJRGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCPDGTKMWVUGUWCKFGPICPKUKEGTRGPFKCVCU5KCRCUCLCVQMQJFCNCOEGTKVCRGPFGM$GTCPIMCV!$CICKOCPCMCTCMVGTOCUKPIOCUKPIVQMQJ! 6WNKUMCP CNWT TCPIMCKCP RGTKUVKYC [CPI FKCNCOK VQMQJ FCNCO EGTKVC RGPFGM $GTCPIMCV6GPVWMCPNCVCTVGORCVYCMVWFCPUQUKCNVGTLCFKP[CRGTKUVKYC6GPVWMCPVGOCEGTKVCRGPFGM$GTCPIMCV6GPVWMCPUWFWVRCPFCPIEGTKVCRGPFGM$GTCPIMCV6GPVWMCPRGUCP[CPIKPIKPFKUCORCKMCPRGPWNKUNGYCVEGTKVCRGPFGM$GTCPIMCV &RQWRKFDUDPHQHQWXNDQXQVXULQWULQVLN &DUDPHQHQWXNDQNDUDNWHUWRNRK 3HUKDWLNDQFXSOLNDQFHUSHQEHULNXW ő5WFCJ UGMKCP YCMVW DGTUGNCPI ,WDGFCJ OGODCPVKPI VWNCPI FGPICP UWUCJ RC[CJ DGTWUCJCUGMWCVVGPCICOGNCMWMCPRGMGTLCCPOGOGVKMOGNCVKFCPOGP[KCPIKRCFK-KPK VCDWPICPP[C EWMWR DCP[CM 2CFC JCTK /KPIIW ,WDGFCJ RGTIK MG RCUCT OGODGNK UGRGTCPIMCVDGMCNMGDWVWJCP4CTCUGMQNCJUGRGTVKRCMCKCPUGTCICOVCUFCPUGRCVWŒ 'DULFXSOLNDQGLDWDVGDSDWGLNHWDKXLEDKZDNDUDNWHUWRNRK-XEHGDKDGDODKSHNHUMDNHUDV&DUDPHQHQWXNDQODWDUWHPSDW3HUKDWLNDQFXSOLNDQFHUSHQEHULNXW ő+DWCPCM KVW OGNCPLWVMCP RGTLCNCPCPP[C MG MGDWP -KPK OGTGMC JCTWU OGPKVK FK ICNGPICP [CPI RCPLCPI 5GQTCPI RGPIIGODCNC OGODGTKMCP UKWNCP TGCMUK UKORCVKP[C [CPI URQPVCP ,WDGFCJ VGVCR OGNCPIMCJOCPVCR 2GTNCMWCP DGIKVW UWFCJ DKCUC TKUKMQ8QLW 3URIHVL
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 121 UGDCICK UGQTCPI LCPFC OWFC [CPI OGPCTKM ECPVKM FCP UGMUK 5GDCICK DCNCUCP CVCU RGTNCMWCP KVW ,WDGFCJ OGP[GPCPFWPIMCP NCIW [CPI JCP[C FKOGPIGTVK QNGJ FKTKP[C UGPFKTKŒ 'DUL FXSOLNDQ GL DWDV GDSDW GLNHWDKXL EDKZD ODWDU WHPSDW SHULVWLZD \DQJ GLDODPL LEX GDQ DQDNWHUVHEXWDGDODKGLNHEXQ $GTNCVKJ/GPCPIICRK2GODCECCP%GTRGP %CTCOGODCECMCPEGTKVCRGPFGMDGTDGFCFGPICPOGODCECUGPFKTK/GODCECMCPEGTKVC RGPFGM DGTJWDWPICP FGPICP QTCPI NCKP 2GOCJCOCP VGTJCFCR KUK EGTKVC UCPICV DGTRGPICTWJ VGTJCFCR ECTC OGODCECMCP EGTKVC *CNJCN [CPI OGORGPICTWJK RGODCECCP EGTKVC CFCNCJ NCHCN KPVQPCUK LGFC GMURTGUK FCP IGUVWT .CHCN DGTJWDWPICP FGPICP ECTC OGPIWECRMCPDWP[KDCJCUC%QPVQJRGPIWECRCPMCVCŎRGNCPCŏFCPŎEGNCPCŏVGPVWDGTDGFC -GUCNCJCPWECROGPICMKDCVMCPMGUCNCJCPRGOCMPCCP+PKNCJUCNCJUCVWEQPVQJRGNCHCNCP +PVQPCUK CFCNCJ NCIW MCNKOCV $GTJWDWPICP FGPICP VKPIIKTGPFCJ MGTCUNGOCJ RGODCECCP MCNKOCV %QPVQJ MCNKOCV ő6QNQPI VQNQPI MGDCMCTCPŒ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
122 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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Ũ Ũ Ũ Ũ Ũ RQKP -GVGTCPICP #WPVWMMCVGIQTKDCKMPKNCK UMQT EWMWR $WPVWMMCVGIQTKEWMWRDCKMPKNCK UMQT DCKM %WPVWMMCVGIQTKMWTCPIPKNCK UMQT DCKMUGMCNK 6WICU4WOCJ $GTMWPLWPINCJMGVGORCVVGOCPOW /KPVCVGOCPOWOGODCECMCPUGDWCJEGTRGP 6CPIICRKECTCRGODCECCPEGTRGPVGOCPOW8QLW 3URIHVL
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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
124 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 125 5GVGNCJDGNCLCTFCTK/GUKTRTQHGUKCRC[CPI)WU&WTLCNCPK! 2TQHGUKCRC[CPI)WU&WTLCNCPKFK2GUCPVTGP6GDW+TGPI,QODCPI! 6WNKUMCPRGTLCNCPCPJKFWR)WU&WTUGECTCNGPIMCRFCNCOOGTCKJRTQHGUKVGTVKPIIK! *CNJCNCRC[CPIFCRCVFKVGNCFCPKFCTKVQMQJ)WU&WT! 6WNKUJCUKNFKUMWUKOWFCNCOVCDGNUGRGTVKDGTKMWV6WNKUFKDWMWVWICUOW +PKNCJ+FGPVKVCUFCP*CN*CNVGPVCPI)WU&WT 0Q #URGM 7TCKCP 0COCVQMQJ 6GORCVVCPIICNNCJKT 0COCQTCPIVWC 0COCKUVTK 0COCCPCMCPCM -GIGOCTCP 2GTLCNCPCPRTQHGUK 2GTLWCPICPJKFWRVQMQJ *CNJCN[CPIFCRCVFKVGNCFCPK 2TGUGPVCUKMCPJCUKNFKUMWUKMCNKCP/KPVCNCJVCPIICRCPFCTKVGOCPNCKPFCPIWTWOW 6WICU4WOCJ $CECNCJUGDWCJDWMWDKQITCHKFGPICPVGNKVK .CRQTMCPJCUKNOGODCECOWFGPICPHQTOCVDGTKMWV6WNKUFKDWMWVWICUOW ,WFWN$WMW$KQITCHK +PKNCJJCUKNOGODCECDWMWDKQITCHK AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 2GPWNKU$WMW$KQITCHK AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 6GTDKVCP6CJWP AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 2GPGTDKV AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 6QMQJ[CPI&KWNCU AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA +FGPVKVCU6QMQJ 6GORCVVCPIICNNCJKT AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA -GIGOCTCP AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 2TQHGUK6QMQJ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA #YCN-CTKGT6QMQJ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 6CJCRCP-CTKGT6QMQJ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 2GTLWCPICP6QMQJ/GPIGLCT2TQHGUK AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA *CNJCN[CPI2CVWV&KVGNCFCPK AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 8QLW 3URIHVL
126 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. &/GPIWDCJ6GMU9CYCPECTCOGPLCFK0CTCUK $CICKOCPC MGIKCVCP MCNKCP OGODCEC KPVGPUKH DKQITCHK VQMQJ! 5GNCOCV UGMCTCPI MCOW VGNCJ RKPVCT OGPKNCK FCP OGOKNKJ JCNJCN [CPI RQUKVKH WPVWM FKVKTW 0CJ MGIKCVCP MCNK KPK CFCNCJ OGPIWDCJ VGMU YCYCPECTC OGPLCFK PCTCUK 6GNCJ MCOW MGVCJWK RCFC MGIKCVCP CYCN WPKV KPK RGPIGTVKCP YCYCPECTC 6CJWMCJ MCOW RTQUGU CYCN JKPIIC CMJKT MGIKCVCP YCYCPECTC! #FC DGDGTCRC JCN [CPI RGTNW MCNKCP MGVCJWK VGPVCPI RTQUGU CYCN JKPIICUGVGNCJOGNCMWMCPYCYCPECTC 5GDGNWOOGNCMWMCPYCYCPECTCMCOWJCTWU OGOKNKJVQRKMCVCWOCUCNCJ[CPIKPIKPFKRGECJMCP OGOKNKJPCTCUWODGT[CPIVGRCVWPVWMOGODGTKMCPKPHQTOCUKUGECTC VGRCV OGNCMWMCPRGTLCPLKCPFGPICPPCTCUWODGTOGPGPVWMCPVGORCVFCP YCMVWRGNCMUCPCCPYCYCPECTC OGP[WUWPRGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCPYCYCPECTCUGUWCKFGPICPVQRKM FCPDKNCRGTNW OGODGTKVCJWMCPRQMQMRQMQMRGTVCP[CCPMGRCFCPCTCUWODGT 5CCVOGNCMWMCPYCYCPECTCMCOWJCTWU FCVCPIVGRCVYCMVWUGUWCKFGPICPMGUGRCMCVCP RGTJCVKMCPRGPCORKNCP UKCRFGPICPRGTUKCRCPFCPRGPIGVCJWCPOCUCNCJ OGPIGOWMCMCPCNCUCPMGFCVCPICPVGTNGDKJFCJWNWUGMCFCTDCUCDCUK OGOWNCKFGPICPRGTVCP[CCP[CPIDGTUKHCVWOWO RGTVCP[CCPVKFCMDGTUKHCVKPVGTQICVKH FGPICTMCPLCYCDCPPCTCUWODGTFGPICPDCKM UKCRMCPECVCVCPCNCVTGMCOFCPLCPICPTCIWWPVWMOGPICLWMCP RGTVCP[CCPDCTW[CPIDGTJWDWPICPFGPICPLCYCDCPPCTCUWODGTFCP LCPICPOGP[GNCRGPLGNCUCPPCTCUWODGT 5GVGNC JWOOOYEGGGCCPPPYRLWWMCCNNFCPKKUUPKENWVCVCCTGNRMCCTPQKNMOTCICCPCOJPIMCUWJUCWCKUJNPUKCYJKINTCMWY YGUCR CYCPFCEPCCETPCCCTCTCCRFUCWGCPOFIDCCGPPT[OCG PIWDCJMCNKOCVNCPIUWPI -GIKCVCP MCNK KPK CFCNCJ OGPIWDCJ VGMU YCYCPECTC OGPLCFK PCTCUK 6CJWMCJ MCOW MGIKCVCP CMJKT UGDWCJ YCYCPECTC CFCNCJ OGPWNKU NCRQTCP .CRQTCP YCYCPECTC FK NCMWMCP UGIGTC UGVGNCJ UGNGUCK YCYCPECTC 2GPWPFCCP RGPWNKUCP NCRQTCP CMCP OGPI JCODCV MGNGPIMCRCP KUK YCYCPECTC FCNCO NCRQTCP $CICKOCPC ECTC OGPCTCUKMCP VGMU YCYCPECTC! [CKVW OGPIWDCJ MCNKOCV NCPIUWPI OGPLCFK VCM NCPIUWPI +MWVK MGIKCVCP KPK FGPICPDCKM 8QLW 3URIHVL
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 127 /GOCJCOK%KTKEKTK-CNKOCV.CPIUWPI 2GTJCVKMCPEQPVQJMCNKOCVMCNKOCVNCPIUWPIDGTKMWV ő5C[C OGPLCNCPK RTQHGUK UGDCICK IWTW UWFCJ VCJWP 5C[C OGPKMOCVKP[C YCNCWRWP UGTKPIUC[CLWORCKUKUYC[CPIWUKNŒMCVC$W4CVPC ő-GUWMUGUCP VKFCM FCVCPI DGIKVW UCLC 2GTNW RGPIQTDCPCP 2GPIQTDCPCP [CPI UC[C NCMWMCPCFCNCJVKFCMOGPQPVQJMCTVWPMGIGOCTCPUC[CFCPVKFCMOCKPICOG5C[CNGDKJ DCP[CM OGNWCPIMCP YCMVW WPVWM OGPIWNCPI RGNCLCTCP FCP OGODCEC DWMW KNOW RGPIGVCJWCPŒLGNCU5[KHCŏC 2CM#FKOGODGTKPCUKJCVMGRCFCRGUGTVCWRCECTCŒ,CFKNCJQTCPI[CPICOCPDCIKQTCPI NCKP&GPICPDGIKVWQTCPINCKPVKFCMMJCYCVKTFCPDCJCIKCFGPICPMGDGTCFCCPMKVCŒ 5JKPVCOGPCPIKUUCODKNDGTMCVCŒ/C5JKPVCVKFCMOCWOGPLCFKCPCM[CPIDKCUCUCLC $KCTMCP 5JKPVC OGPLCFK QTCPI UGUWCK FGPICP MGKPIKPCP 5JKPVC 5JKPVC KPIKP OGPLCFK RGTCYCV/CŒ 5CODKNDGTVGTKCM,CUOKPCDGTMCVCŒ-CNKCPJCTWUOGPLCFKCPCM[CPIRCPVCPIOGP[GTCJ $GMCNK FKTK FGPICP MGUCDCTCP FCP MGVCSYCCP $CICKOCPC OWPIMKP OGPLCFK QTCPI UWMUGULKMCMCNKCPJCP[CDGTOCNCUOCNCUCPŒ &KUMWUKMCPDGTUCOCVGOCPUGDCPIMWOWJCNJCNFKDCYCJKPK C #RCMCJ[CPIFKOCMUWFMCNKOCVNCPIUWPIDGTFCUCTMCPEQPVQJEQPVQJFKCVCU! D 6WNKUEKTKEKTKMCNKOCVNCPIUWPI-GTLCMCPUGRGTVKVCDGNFKDCYCJKPKFKDWMWVWICUOW *CNJCN[CPI*CTWU&KRGTJCVKMCP -GVGTCPICP GLCCP VCPFCDCEC /GPIWDCJ-CNKOCV.CPIUWPIOGPLCFK-CNKOCV6KFCM.CPIUWPI %CTC CYCN [CPI FKNCMWMCP WPVWM OGPIWDCJ VGMU YCYCPECTC OGPLCFK PCTCUK CFCNCJ FGPICP OGPIWDCJ MCNKOCV NCPIUWPI LCYCDCP PCTCUWODGT OGPLCFK MCNKOCV VKFCM NCPIUWPI2GTJCVKMCPEQPVQJDGTKMWV %QPVQJ -CNKOCVNCPIUWPI ő5C[C OGPLCNCPK RTQHGUK UGDCICK IWTW UWFCJ VCJWP 5C[C OGPKMOCVKP[C YCNCWRWP UGTKPI UC[C LWORCK UKUYC [CPI WUKNŒ MCVC$W4CVPCMGRCFCYCTVCYCP -CNKOCVVKFCMNCPIUWPI $W 4CVPC OGPICVCMCP DCJYC $GNKCW OGPLCNCPK RTQHGUK UGDCICK IWTW UWFCJ VCJWP $GNKCW OGPKMOCVK RGTMGTLCCP VGTUGDWV %QPVQJ YCNCWRWPUGTKPIOGPLWORCKUKUYC[CPIWUKN -CNKOCVNCPIUWPI ő-GUWMUGUCP VKFCM FCVCPI DGIKVW UCLC 2GTNW RGPIQTDCPCP 2GPIQTDCPCP [CPI UC[C NCMWMCP CFCNCJ VKFCM OGPQPVQJ MCTVWP MGIGOCTCP UC[C FCP VKFCM OCKP ICOG 5C[C NGDKJ DCP[CM OGNWCPIMCP YCMVW WPVWM OGPIWNCPI RGNCLCTCP FCP OGODCEC DWMWKNOWRGPIGVCJWCPŒLGNCU5[KHCŏC 8QLW 3URIHVL
128 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. -CNKOCVVKFCMNCPIUWPI 5[KHCŏC OGPLGNCUMCPDCJYC MGUWMUGUCP VKFCM FCVCPIDGIKVW UCLC 2GTNWRGPIQTDCPCP2GPIQTDCPCP5[KHCŏCCFCNCJVKFCMOGPQPVQP HKNO MCTVWP MGIGOCTCPP[C FCP OCKP ICOG &KC NGDKJ DCP[CM OGNWCPIMCP YCMVW WPVWM OGPIWNCPI RGNCLCTCP FCP OGODCEC DWMWKNOWRGPIGVCJWCP %QPVQJ -CNKOCVNCPIUWPI 5JKPVCOGPCPIKUUCODKNDGTMCVCŒ/C5JKPVCVKFCMOCWOGPLCFK CPCM [CPI DKCUC UCLC $KCTMCP 5JKPVC OGPLCFK QTCPI UGUWCK FGPICPMGKPIKPCP5JKPVC5JKPVCKPIKPOGPLCFKRGTCYCV/CŒ -CNKOCVVKFCMNCPIUWPI 5JKPVC DGTMCVC MGRCFC OCOC DCJYC FKC KPIKP OGPLCFK QTCPI UGUWCKFGPICPMGKPIKPCPP[C[CKVWOGPLCFKRGTCYCV 5GVGNCJ OGPICOCVK EQPVQJ RGPIWDCJCP MCNKOCV NCPIUWPI OGPLCFK MCNKOCV VKFCM NCPIUWPI CRC [CPI MCOW RCJCOK! 6CJWMCJ MCOW ECTC OGPIWDCJ MCNKOCV NCPIUWPI OGPLCFK MCNKOCV VKFCM NCPIUWPI! #FC DGDGTCRC RGTWDCJCP [CPI VGTLCFK #RC UCLC RGTWDCJCP KVW! %QDC VWNKU JCNJCN [CPI DGTWDCJ FCTK MCNKOCV NCPIUWPI UCCV OGPLCFK MCNKOCV VKFCM NCPIUWPI 6WNKU FCNCOVCDGNDGTKMWVFKDWMWVWICUOW *CNJCN[CPIDGTWDCJ %QPVQJ -GVGTCPICP VCPFCDCEC MCVCICPVKQTCPI 2KNKJCPMCVC $GTNCVKJ/GODWCV-CNKOCV6KFCM.CPIUWPI 5GDCICK NCVKJCP EQDC WDCJNCJ MCNKOCV NCPIUWPI DGTKMWV OGPLCFK MCNKOCV VKFCM NCPIUWPI 2GTJCVKMCPCVWTCPRGPIWDCJCPMCNKOCVVCPFCDCECGLCCPRKNKJCPMCVCFCPMCVCICPVKQTCPI $W 4QOK[CVWP DGTVCP[C MGRCFC UKUYC MGNCU # ő#PCMCPCM MCNCW UWFCJ DGUCT PCPVK MCOWKPIKPOGPLCFKCRC!2KNQVIWTWFQMVGTCVCWCRC!Œ ő0KVC MCOW VCJW VKFCMUGVGNCJ NWNWU 5/2 CMW CMCP OGNCPLWVMCP MG 52- FK 5GOCTCPI! #MWKPIKPOGPGMWPKFWPKCMGRGTCYCVCPŒMCVC.KF[CMGRCFC0KVC ő5GDCKMP[CMCOWNGDKJTCLKPDGNCLCT#RCMCJMCOWVKFCMKPIKPOGTCKJEKVCEKVCUGVKPIIK NCPIKV!-COWVKFCMKPIKPLCFKUCORCJOCU[CTCMCVMCP!ŒMCVC9KFKMGRCFC#PWPI ő&QMVGTKPUKP[WTIWTWPGICTCYCPMQOKMWURQNKUK6-9VWMCPIDGECMCFCNCJRTQHGUK [CPI DGTOCPHCCV DCIK QTCPI NCKP -COW VKFCM DQNGJ OGODGFCDGFCMCP QTCPI [CPI OGOKNKMKRTQHGUK[CPIDGTNCKPCPFGPICPOWŒLGNCU+DWMGRCFC#UTWN ő2GMGTLCCP [CPI UC[C LCNCPK UGNCOC KPK DCKM FCP DGTIWPC /GUMKRWP RGPFCRCVCP UC[C MGEKN VGVCRK UC[C DCJCIKC FCP KVW UGOWC EWMWRWPVWM MGNWCTIC UC[C2CPFCPICP QTCPI [CPI OGTGOGJMCP RGMGTLCCP UC[C VKFCM OGODWCV UC[C MGEKN JCVK +PKNCJ JKFWR UC[C KPKNCJTG\GMK6WJCPWPVWMUC[CŒLGNCUVWMCPIEWEKMGRCFC#PKVC ő0QPC 4QUK UGDCKMP[C #PFC OGNCMWMCP VGU FCTCJ 5C[C MJCYCVKT VGTJCFCR MGUGJCVCP #PFC #RCNCIK #PFC CMCP OGNCMWMCP RGTLCNCPCP VWICU MG #OGTKMC EWMWR NCOCŒ UCTCP &QMVGT0CLYCMGRCFC4QUK ő7PVWM MGUGNCOCVCP RCTC RGPWORCPI MCOK CMCP OGPLGNCUMCP DGDGTCRC JCN OGPIGPCK RGUCYCV FCP RGTCNCVCPP[C 2GUCYCV KPK OGOKNKMK RKPVW FCTWTCV &WC RKPVW DGTCFC FK8QLW 3URIHVL
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 129 DGNCMCPI FWC RKPVW DGTCFC FK FGRCP FCP FWC LGPFGNC FCTWTCV 2GNCORWPI DGTCFC FK DCYCJMWTUKRGPWORCPIŒLGNCURTCOWICTKMGRCFCRCTCRGPWORCPI ő2GOWFC CFCNCJ VWNCPI RWPIIWPI DCPIUC 5WFCJ UGYCLCTP[C LKMC RGOWFC DGNCLCT FCP DGMGTLCMGTCU0GICTCCMCPOCLWFCPDGTUKPCTLKMCOGOKNKMKRGOWFCJGDCVFCPVCPIIWJ 5KCRMCJ MCNKCP OGPGTWUMCP RGTLWCPICP JKFWR KPK! 5KCRMCJ MCNKCP DGMGTLC FCP DGNCLCT RGPWJ UGOCPICV FGOK MGOCLWCP DCPIUC +PFQPGUKC!Œ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őVGTQDQUCPŒ 1TCPI VWC UC[C LWIC OGODGTK MGDGDCUCP MGDGVWNCP UC[C OGOCPI DGTOKPCV FCP EGRCV OGPIWCUCK DCJCUC + GPLQ[ O[ EJQKEG CRCNCIK DCJCUC ,GRCPI DCP[CM [CPI DGNWO OGPIWCUCKP[C FK UKPK .CPVCU#PFCDGMGTLCFKJQVGN! *C JC JC JC JC 4GCMUK [CPI UC[C FGPICT CPVCTC NCKP ő#RC! 2GTGORWCP MGTLC FK JQVGN!Œ 6CRK UC[CGPLQ[FCPVCMVGTDGDCPK /GPICRCRKPFCJNCIKMGMGDWPYKUCVC2CUKTOWMVK! ;CMGOWFKCPCFCVCYCTCPNCIKFKVGORCVKVW/CUKJCFCJWDWPICPMGNWCTICOGOCPI6CRKUC[C FKJKTGF FKTGMTWV UGECTC RTQHGUKQPCN &GPICP DKFCPI RGMGTLCCP [CPI UC[C VCPICPK FK JQVGN NCPVCU OGTGMCECTK&CTKRCFCOGPECTKQTCPI[CPIVKFCMLGNCUOGPICRCVKFCMFGPICPUCWFCTCUGPFKTK! 8QLW 3URIHVL
130 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. ,CPICPLCPICP#PFCRGODQUCP! &GHKPKUK DQUCP OWPIMKP DGTDGFC VKCR QTCPI ;CPI LGNCU UC[C UWFCJ GPCO VCJWP FK 2CUKTOWMVK LCNCP VWLWJ VCJWP 5C[C OGNKJCV OCUKJ CFC EJCNNGPIG VCPVCPICP FK UKPK +PK LWIC DWMCP RGMGTLCCP MQFKCP5C[COGNKJCVDCP[CMQTCPI[CPIVCMOGPIWCUCKDKFCPI[CPIUC[CMWCUCKFCPUC[CDKUCGZEGN RTKOC FKDKFCPIKVW ,KMCUWFCJDGIKVWCRC#PFCOGOKNKMKMGKPIKPCPWPVWMOGODWMCMGDWPYKUCVCUGLGPKU! ;C EKVCEKVC UC[C OGOCPI UGRGTVK KVW 5C[C KPIKP OGOKNKMK MGDWP UGPFKTK FCP UC[C DKCUC OGPICMWUGDCICKRGVCPKLKMCFKVCP[CRTQHGUK 6CORCMP[CFCTKRGODKECTCCPPKPKCFCRGUCP[CPIVGTUKTCVWPVWMRGTGORWCP-CTQ! 2GUCP KPVKP[C LCPICP TCIW WPVWM OGOKNKJ 6CM RGTNW VGTMWTWPI FGPICP őRCMGORCMGOŒ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
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 131 /GPCTCUKMCP6GMU9CYCPECTC &CTK CYCN MGIKCVCP UWFCJ MCOW MGVCJWK DCICKOCPC ECTC OGPCTCUKMCP VGMUYCYCPECTC 7PVWM DKUC OGODWCV PCTCUK [CPI DCKM MCNKCP VKFCM JCP[C OGPIWDCJMCNKOCV NCPIUWPI OGPLCFK VKFCM NCPIUWPI 5GVGNCJ MGIKCVCP OGPIWDCJ MCNKOCV OCUKJCFC MGIKCVCP NCKP [CKVW MGIKCVCP RGPIJCNWUCP CVCW RGP[GORWTPCCP -GIKCVCPRGP[GORWTPCCPKPKRGPVKPIUGMCNKCICTPCTCUKVKFCMVGTMGUCPMCMWFCPCRCCFCP[C 2GTJCVKMCPRGVKMCPYCYCPECTCFGPICP(GD[)KPVKPIUDGTKMWV2GTJCVKMCPLWICEQPVQJOGPCTCUKMCPVGMUYCYCPECTCFGPICP(GD[)KPVKPIU (GD[)KPVKPIU PCTCUKVGMU YCYCPECTC5GVGNCJ OGP[GNGUCKMCP MWNKCJ FK HCMWNVCU +NOW $WFC[C 7+ WPVWMLWTWUCP 5CUVTC ,GRCPI (GD[ )KPVKPIU OGOWNCK MCTKTP[C OGPICYCNKUGDCICK 9C PQ -WVUWTQIK 5GTXKEG /CPCIGT FK JQVGN DGTDKPVCPI RGODKECTCCPNKOC FK MCYCUCP )CVQV 5WDTQVQ +C DGTVCPIIWPI LCYCD WPVWM RGTVCP[CCPOGOGPWJK MGDWVWJCP VCOWVCOW MQTRQTCUK FCTK RGTWUCJCCP,GRCPI UGNCOC OGTGMC VKPIICN FK ,CMCTVC (GD[ LWIC UGORCV FCPOGPICODKN MWTUWU OCTMGVKPI FK .QPFQP 5EJQQN QH 2WDNKE LCYCDCP4GNCVKQPU &CTK UCPC (GD[ OGPFCRCV VCYCTCP DGMGTLC FK PCTCUWODGTUGDWCJ WUCJC CITQYKUCVC -GDWP 9KUCVC 2CUKTOWMVK UGDWCJ DGTWRCVGORCV TGMTGCUK DGTMQPUGR RGTVCPKCP [CPI VGTNGVCM FK FCGTCJ MCNKOCV%KVGWTGWR$QIQT 5KOCM RCPFCPICPP[C VGPVCPI DGTDCICK JCN NCPIUWPIDGTKMWVKPK2TQHGUK#PFC EWMWR WPKM#RCMCJKVW MCTGPCCFC RGPICTWJQTCPIVWC!#[CJUC[C60+KDWUC[CUYCUVC5C[CKPIKPOGPECTK[CPINCKP5C[COGPICODKNMWNKCJUCUVTCMCTGPCOGNKJCVQTCPI-CTQRCFCWOWOP[C OGOHCXQTKVMCP JWMWO DCKM NCMKNCMK OCWRWPRGTGORWCP &WNW RGTGORWCP -CTQ OGOHCXQTKVMCP RTQHGUKRGTCYCV 5C[C UWMC OGODWCV őVGTQDQUCPŒ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
132 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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őVGTQDQUCPŒ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
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 133 ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗŖǯŖŖŖȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱǯȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȬȱ 4'(.'-5+ -GOCORWCP /CORW $GNWO %CVCVCP /CORW /GP[KORWNMCP RKMKTCP RGPFCRCV FCP ICICUCP UG QTCPI VQMQJPCTCUWODGT [CPI FKUCORCKMCP FCNCO YCYCPECTC /GPCPIICRKECTCRGODCECCPEGTRGP /GPIWPIMCRMCP JCNJCN [CPI FCRCV FKVGNCFCPK FCTK DWMWDKQITCHK[CPIFKDCECUGECTCKPVGPUKH /GPIWDCJ VGMU YCYCPECTC OGPLCFK PCTCUK FGPICP OGORGTJCVKMCP ECTC RGPWNKUCP MCNKOCV NCPIUWPI OGPLCFKVCMNCPIUWPI 8QLW 3URIHVL
134 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 8QLW 3URIHVL
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136 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. #/GPEGTKVCMCP6QMQJ+FQNC %QPVQJ6GMU2TQHKN6QMQJ+FQNC /GPIKFGPVKHKMCUK6QMQJ+FQNC /GPEGTKVCMCP6QMQJ+FQNC $GTNCVKJ5GPFKTK 6WICU4WOCJ $/GODCEC+PFCJ2WKUK+0&#*0;#24'56#5+ /GP[KOCM2WKUK /GOCJCOK+UK2WKUK /GPGPVWMCP+TCOC8QNWOG/KPKMFCP-KPGUKM 4. $GTNCVKJ/GODCEC+PFCJ2WKUK $GTNCVKJ5GPFKTK 6WICU4WOCJ %/GPWNKU-TGCVKH2WKUK /GPICPCNKUKU2WKUK $GTNCVKJ/GPWNKU2WKUK $GTNCVKJ5GPFKTK 6WICU4WOCJ 8QLW ,QGDKQ\D3UHVWDVL
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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ő/GTGMC $KNCPI 5C[C/QP[GVŒ &LGPCT NCJKT FCTK MGNWCTIC UGPK -GFWC QTCPI VWCP[C UGPFKTKCFCNCJ VQMQJ RGTHKNOCP +PFQPGUKC #[CJP[C CFCNCJ 5LWOCPLC[CUGQTCPIUWVTCFCTCVGTMGOWMCFCPKDWP[C6QGVK-KTCPCCMVTKUGTCCP[CPIEWMWRRWP[CPCOC ő&CTK MGEKN UC[C VGTDKCUC FGPICP MGUKDWMCP MGFWC QTCPI VWC[CPI VKFCM LCWJ FCTK FWPKC UGPK /GODCEC DWMW UCUVTC OGPQPVQPHKNOFCTKDCP[CMPGICTCŗŒMCVCRGTGORWCPMGNCJKTCP,CMCTVC,CPWCTKKVW &WNWP[C &LGPCT OGTCUC VKFCM VGTNCNW RCPFCK OGPWNKU .CNW KC OGOWNCK MKRTCJP[C FKFWPKC MGRGPWNKUCP FGPICP OGPGOWK UGLWONCJ UCUVTCYCP DGUCT +PFQPGUKC [CPI FKLCFKMCPP[CUGDCICK őIWTWŒ OGPWNKUP[C 0COC UGRGTVK 5GPQ )WOKTC #LKFCTOC $WFK &CTOC FCP 5WVCTFLK%QWN\WO$CEJTKMGTCRFKUGDWVUGDWVFCNCOWECRCPVGTKOCMCUKJP[CFKUGVKCRMCT[CP[CVGTDKV8QLW ,QGDKQ\D3UHVWDVL
138 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. ő/GTGMC [CPI OGORGTMGPCNMCP UC[C RCFC MGDGTCPKCP FCNCO OGPWNKU ŎDGNCLCT OGPWNKU[COGPWNKUNCJŏMCVC5WVCTFLK.CNWUC[CPWNKUCRCUCLC-GDGTCPKCPOGOCPIUWFCJCFCFCNCOFKTK UC[C 5GNCPLWVP[C OGPICNKT UCCV RTQUGU RGODGNCLCTCP &CTK UKPK UCLC UC[C UWFCJ VCMRCPVCPIFGPICPVCDW 'PIICMDKUCPWNKUVCRKPIQVQVDGNCLCTPWNKUŗŒMCVCP[CUCODKNVGTVCYCNGRCU %GTRGP RGTVCOCP[C .KPVCJ [CPI FKOWCV JCTKCP -QORCU OGPLCFK FGDWV [CPIOGPIGUCPMCP -GDGTCPKCPP[C OGOCRCTMCP DCP[CM HCMVC DGTVGOC HGOKPKUOG FKCPIICRUGDCICK MGNCPLWVCP FCTKMGDCPIMKVCP RGTGORWCP RGPICTCPI GTC CP 5GVGNCJ KVW DGNCUCPEGTRGPP[C DGTOWPEWNCP FK UGLWONCJ OGFKC OCUUC 4CVCTCVC &LGPCT OGPWNKU VGPVCPIRGTGORWCP FCP FWPKCP[C $GTMCV EGTRGPEGTRGPP[C &LGPCT MGTCR OGPWCK RWLKCP UGMCNKIWUMTKVKMRGFCU ő;CPI UC[C KPIKP VWNKU UC[C VWNKU -CNCW VGTP[CVC DCP[CM QTCPI [CPI OGPICVCMCP MCT[CUC[C KVW UGDCICK MCT[C UCUVTC CVCW CFC [CPI OGPICVCMCP RQTPQ KVW UC[C CPIICR UGDCICKMQORNKOGP6WICUUC[CJCP[COGPWNKUŗ5C[CVCMRCPVCPIFGPICPVGOC[CPIFKCPIICRQTCPIVCDWŒMCVCKDWFWCCPCMKPKURQPVCP &LGPCT VGTOCUWM RGTGORWCP RGPWNKU [CPI RTQFWMVKH &CNCO MWTWP YCMVW VWLWJ VCJWPGORCVLWFWNDWMWUWFCJVGTICTCRFCPVKICFKCPVCTCP[CKVWOCUWMUGDCICKUJQTVNKUVCPWIGTCJUCUVTC VCJWPCP -JCVWNKUVKYC .KVGTCT[ #YCTF VCJWP FCP &CP UGVKCR DWMWMCT[CP[CUGNCNWVGTOCUWMFGTGVCPFCHVCTDWMWDGUVUGNNGT 5GLCMVCPIICN,CPWCTK[CPIDCTWUCLCDGTNCNW&LGPCTOGPCODCJUCVWNCIKMCT[CP[C(KNO /GTGMC $KNCPI 5C[C /QP[GV ;CPI FKUWVTCFCTCKP[C KVW VCM NCKP CFCNCJ IWDCJCP CVCUMCT[CEGTRGPP[CUGPFKTKő5GNCNWUCLCCFCPKCVWPVWMOGPWCPIMCPUKUKUKUKMGDGTCPKCPHGOKPKU[CPIDGTDGFC&CNCOHKNOKPKUC[CVWCPIMCPMGMC[CCPUCUVTCFCNCODGPVWMXKUWCNŗŒ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
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 139 2TGUGPVCUKMCPJCUKNFKUMWUKMCNKCP/KPVCNCJVCPIICRCPMGRCFCVGOCPNCKPFCPIWTW 2GTDCKMKNCJJCUKNMGTLCOWUGUWCKMGUGRCMCVCPMCNKCP /GPEGTKVCMCP6QMQJ+FQNC -GIKCVCPFKNCPLWVMCPFGPICPOGPEGTKVCMCPVQMQJKFQNC&CNCOOGPEGTKVCMCPVQMQJ KFQNCCFCFWCJCN[CPIJCTWUFKRGTJCVKMCP2GTVCOCCFCNCJKUKEGTKVCFCPMGFWCCFCNCJ ECTCMKVCDGTEGTKVC+UKEGTKVCOGP[CPIMWVKFGPVKVCUVQMQJMGIGOCTCPRTGUVCUKFCP MGWPIIWNCPVQMQJFKDCPFKPIVQMQJNCKP%CTCDGTEGTKVCOGP[CPIMWVNCHCNKPVQPCUKFCP GMURTGUKMKVC $GTICDWPINCJFGPICPQTCPIVGOCPOW .CMWMCPMGIKCVCPDGTEGTKVCVGPVCPIVQMQJ&LGPCT/CGUC#[W .CMWMCPRGPKNCKCPVGTJCFCRKUKFCPRGPCORKNCPVGOCPOWUGRGTVKVCDGNDGTKMWV 0COC .CHCN +PVQPCUK ,GFC -GNGPIMCRCP -GTWPVWVCP 6QVCN +PHQTOCUK +PHQTOCUK 5MQT # $ % # $ % # $ % # $ % # $ % #VKMC Ũ Ũ Ũ Ũ Ũ MGVGTCPICP # DCKMUGMCNK UMQT MGVGTCPICPVQVCNUMQT Ō EWMWR Ō DCKM $ DCKM UMQT Ō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
140 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 141 .CHCN +PVQPCUK ,GFC -GNGPIMCRCP -GTWPVWVCP 6QVCN +PHQTOCUK +PHQTPCUK 0KNCK 0COC # $ % # $ % # $ % # $ % # $ % MGVGTCPICP # DCKMUGMCNK UMQT MGVGTCPICPVQVCNUMQT Ō EWMWR $ DCKM UMQT Ō DCKM Ō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
142 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 143 /GPGPVWMCP+TCOC8QNWOG/KOKMFCP-KPGUKM -COW UWFCJ OGOCJCOK KUK RWKUK FCP RGTCUCCP RGP[CKT UCCV OGPWNKU RWKUK 5GMCTCPI UCCVP[C WPVWM OGODCEC RWKUK 0COWP UGDGNWO OGODCEC RWKUK VGPVWMCPFCJWNWECTCOGODGTKKTCOCXQNWOGOKOKMFCPMKPGUKM[CPIVGRCV $GTICDWPINCJFGPICPQTCPIVGOCPOW6GPVWMCPKTCOCXQNWOGOKOKMFCP MKPGUKM FCNCO OGODCEC KPFCJ RWKUK 4GPWPICP $CRCM )WTW -COW DKUC OGPIIWPCMCP VCPFCVCPFC DGTKMWV WPVWM OGOCPFWOW OGPGPVWMCP KTCOC FCP XQNWOG 6CPFC,GFCWPVWM/GPGPVWMCP+TCOC DGTJGPVKUCVWMGVWMCPWPVWMOGP[CVCMCPUCVWCPOCMPCHTCUC DGTJGPVKFWCMGVWMCPWPVWMOGP[CVCMCPUCVWCPOCMPCMCNKOCV DGTJGPVWCICMNCOCCVCWVKICMGVWMCPWPVWMOGP[CVCMCP UCVWCPRCTCITCH 6CPFC+PVQPCUK @5WCTCRGTNCJCPUGMCNKUGRGTVKDGTDKUKM @@5WCTCRGTNCJCPUCJCLC @@@5WCTCMGTCUUGMCNKUGRGTVKDGTVGTKCM 86GMCPCPMCVCRGPFGMUGMCNK 886GMCPCPMCVCCICMRGPFGM 8886GMCPMCVCCICMRCPLCPI 88886GMCPMCVCCICMRCPLCPIUGMCNK AAAA6GMCPCPUWCTCOGPKPIIK AAAA6GMCPCPUWCTCCICMOGTGPFCJ 2GTJCVKMCPEQPVQJDGTKMWV 2GODGTKCP6CPFC,GFCWPVWM/GPGPVWMCP+TCOC $WCVCRCRGPFKFKMCPCMWDGTVCP[C /GPICLCTOWMGPCN[CPICIWPILCYCDIWPWPI #ICTMCWVCMVCJWMGMGMCNCPMCVCNCPIKV $KUCOGPKMOCVKMGKPFCJCPVCODCJOCVCJCTK 5WRC[CVCJWMGDWTWMCPUGTWJWVCP 2CJCORCFCFKTKUGPFKTKUKWNDWTWPI &CPDKMKPMCWFKPCOKUDKUKMCPIKP 8QLW ,QGDKQ\D3UHVWDVL
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