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Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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148 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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
154 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. #/GPWNKU*CN2GPVKPIFCNCO9CYCPECTC /GP[KOCM9CYCPECTC /GPFKUMWUKMCP*CNJCN2GPVKPIFCNCO9CYCPECTC $GTNCVKJ5GPFKTK 6WICU4WOCJ 1.#*4#)# $$GTVGNGRQP /GODCPFKPIMCP&KCNQI$GTVGNGRQP /GPWNKU&KCNQI$GTVGNGRQP /GP[WPVKPI&KCNQI$GTVGNGRQP /GNCMWMCP&KCNQI$GTVGNGRQP %/GPGOWMCP)CICUCP7VCOC /GPFKUMWUKMCP)CICUCP7VCOC6GMU $GTNCVKJ/GPGOWMCP)CICUCP7VCOC6GMU 6WICU4WOCJ &/GPWNKU/GOQ /GOCJCOK%QPVQJ/GOQ $GTNCVKJ/GPWNKU/GOQ /GP[WPVKPI/GOQ 6WICU4WOCJ8QLW 2ODK5DJD
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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
156 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. RGTVCOC5GOWCRGOCKPVGTOCUWM[CPIDGTCFCFKDCPIMWECFCPICP OGODGTK MQPVTKDWUK OCMUKOCN -COK DGTOCKP FGPICP RQNC MCOK UGPFKTK FCP DGTDGFC FGPICP VCJWP NCNW -COK DGTOCKP NGRCU VCPRC DGDCP 2GYCYCPECTC -JWUWU FWGV RGOCKP CUKPI KVW CRC MGWPIIWNCP [CPI OGTGMC NCMWMCPWPVWM5CVTKC/WFC! 0CTCUWODGT *CTVOCP FCP 5QDGTU OGPLCFK RGPIWORWN CPIMC VGTDCP[CM FGPICP FCP RQKP -GFWC RGOCKP CUKPI KPK OGTWRCMCP RGOCKP MWPEK 5CVTKC/WFC 2GYCYCPECTC $CICKOCPCUVTCVGIKRGTOCKPCP5CVTKC/WFC2CM! 0CTCUWODGT 5VTCVGIK CYCN OGPCJCP VTCPUKUK NCYCP FCTK DGTVCJCP UCORCK OGP[GTCPI 6KFCM VGTNCNW DGTJCUK OGOCPI MCTGPC DGTWNCPI MCNK UGTCPICP DCNKM*CTDQWT %GPVGT OGPIJCUKNMCP CPIMC 0COWP MCOK DGTJCUKNOGPCJCPNGORCTCPVKFCCPIMCNCYCP 6XPEHU .RPSDV0LQJJX$SULOGHQJDQSHQJXEDKDQ /GPFKUMWUKMCP*CNJCN2GPVKPIFCNCO9CYCPECTC $GTICDWPINCJFGPICPQTCPIVGOCPOW 6GPVWMCPJCNJCNRGPVKPI[CPIFKMGOWMCMCPQNGJPCTCUWODGT6WNKUFGPICPUKPIMCV FCPLGNCU 2GTJCVKMCPEQPVQJDGTKMWV 2GYCYCPECTC $CICKOCPCRGTOCKPCPOGTGMC2CM! 0CTCUWODGT &WGVKPKDGTOCKPFGPICPRCFWFCPMQORCM6CORCMRCFC CYCN RGTOCKPCP 5CVTKC /WFC WPIIWN FGPICP RCFC GORCV OGPKV RGTVCOC 5GOWC RGOCKP VGTOCUWM [CPI DGTCFCFKDCPIMWECFCPICPOGODGTKMQPVTKDWUKOCMUKOCN -COK DGTOCKP FGPICP RQNC MCOK UGPFKTK FCP DGTDGFC FGPICPVCJWPNCNW-COKDGTOCKPNGRCUVCPRCDGDCP *CNRGPVKPICVCWKPHQTOCUKFCNCORGVKMCPYCYCPECTCFKCVCUCFCNCJMGMQORCMCPRQNC [CPIDGTDGFCFCPMQPVTKDWUKOCMUKOCNFCNCOUGVKCRRGTOCKPCP 2TGUGPVCUKMCPJCUKNFKUMWUKMCNKCPFKFGRCPMGNCU /KPVCNCJVCPIICRCPFCTKIWTWFCPMGNQORQMNCKP 2GTDCKMKNCJJCUKNMGTLCOW[CPIOCUKJMWTCPIVGRCVUGUWCKFGPICPVCPIICRCPIWTWFCP VGOCPNCKP8QLW 2ODK5DJD
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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
158 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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ŗ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
160 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. &KUMWUKMCPRGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCPDGTKMWV $CICKOCPCECTC5QPKOGOWNCKRGODKECTCCPOGNCNWKVGNGRQP! 5WFCJUCPVWPMCJFKC! 'HGMVKHMCPMCNKOCV[CPIKCIWPCMCP! #RCKUKRGODKECTCCP5QPKFCP#OCPFC! #RCMCJECTC5QPKOGPICLCM#OCPFCOGPQPVQPUGRCMDQNCUWFCJUCPVWP! 5KCRC[CPIOGPICMJKTKVGNGRQP!$CICKOCPCOGPWTWVOW! $CICKOCPCECTC-CPYCOGOWNCKRGODKECTCCPOGNCNWKVGNGRQP! 5WFCJUCPVWPMCJFKC! 'HGMVKHMCJMCNKOCV[CPIKCIWPCMCP! 5KCRC[CPIOGPICMJKTKRGODKECTCCPFCNCOFKCNQI!$CICKOCPCOGPWTWVOW! &KCNQIOCPC[CPINGDKJUQRCPFKCNQICVCWFKCNQI!,GNCUMCPLCYCDCPOW &KCNQIOCPC[CPIOGPIIWPCMCPMCNKOCVGHGMVKH!,GNCUMCPLCYCDCPOW 6GPVWMCPVCVCECTCDGTVGNGRQP /GPWNKU&KCNQI$GTVGNGRQP -CNKCP UWFCJ OGPFKUMWUKMCP VCVC ECTC DGTVGNGRQP LWIC RGPIIWPCCP MCNKOCV GHGMVKH UCCV DGTVGNGRQP-KPKUCCVP[CMCNKCPOGPWNKUFKCNQIDGTVGNGRQP6WNKUNCJFKCNQIDGTVGNGRQPFGPICPPCTCUKDGTKMWV2GPGNGRQP &KCPC 2GPGTKOC 'PFCPI 6WLWCP /GOKPLCOTCMGVVGPKUNCRCPICP2GPGNGRQP #[KM 2GPGTKOC ;C[CU 6WLWCP /GPIGODCNKMCPDQNCDCUMGV[CPIFKRKPLCO2GPGNGRQP 4QOK 2GPGTKOC 4K\CN 6WLWCP /GPICLCMOGPICPVCTMCPUWTCVRGTOQJQPCPK\KPOGOKPLCONCRCPICP2GPGNGRQP 2GPGTKOC DQNCWPVWMNQODC 6WLWCP 6GIWJ ;WFC /GPICLCMDGTNCVKJDCFOKPVQP2GPGNGRQP 6CTVK 2GPGTKOC .KNC 6WLWCP /GPICLCMOGPQPVQPVWTPCOGPIQNH8QLW 2ODK5DJD
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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
162 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. %/GPGOWMCP)CICUCP7VCOC #RCMCJ MCOW OGOKNKMK MGIGOCTCP OGODCEC! -GVKMC OGODCEC CRC [CPI MCOW ECTK! 6GPVW UCLC KPHQTOCUK 5GOWC DCECCP CVCW VGMU OGPIJCFKTMCP KPHQTOCUK $KCUCP[C KPHQTOCUK VGTUWUWP FCNCO UCVW ICICUCP WVCOC 5CVW VGMU WVWJ JCP[C OGOKNKMK UCVW ICICUCPWVCOC 7PVWMOGORGTLGNCURGOCJCOCPDKCUCP[CVGMUFKLCDCTMCPFCNCODGDGTCRCRCTCITCH 5GVKCR RCTCITCH FCNCO UGDWCJ VGMU OGOKNKMK UCVW ICICUCP )CICUCP WVCOC UGVKCR RCTCITCHDKUCDGTCFCFKCYCNCMJKTVGTUKTCVCVCWCYCNFCPCMJKT 2GTJCVKMCPEQPVQJDGTKMWV *DJDVDQXWDPDGLDZDOSDUDJUDI .XDOLWDV XGDUD GL %HLMLQJ \DQJ GLQLODL NXUDQJ EHUVLK GDSDW PHUXJLNDQ NRQGLVL WXEXKDWOHW.HDGDDQLQLWHUMDGLDNLEDWSROXVL\DQJGLKDVLONDQMXWDNHQGDUDDQ\DQJ EHURSHUDVLGLMDODQMDODQGDQPHQXWXSVHEDJLDQLQGXVWULGL%HLMLQJ.HDGDDQXGDUDLQL ELVDPHPSHQJDUXKLSHUPDLQDQSDUDDWOHWGDODPROLPSLDGH.HOXKDQWHQWDQJNRQGLVL XGDUD%HLMLQJGDQ&KLQDGLVDPSDLNDQNHSDGDSDUDDWOHWDJDUEHUMDJDMDJD.KXVXVQ\D +DLOH *HEUVHODVLH SHPHFDK UHNRU GXQLD PDUDWRQ DVDO (WLRSLD \DQJ MXJD PHQGHULWD DVPD *DJDVDQXWDPDGLDNKLUSDUDJUDI 6XSRUWHU WHUXV PHPEHUL GXNXQJDQ NHSDGD *UHVLN 3HWURNLPLD PHVNLSXQ NDODK GDODP VHW'XD ULEX SHQRQWRQEHUWHSXN VRUDN 7HULDNDQ PHUHND UXSDQ\DEHUKDVLO PHOHFXW VHPDQJDW GDQPHQMDGLNDQ SDUD SHPDLQ *UHVLN 3HWURNLPLDEDQJNLW 5HOLUHOL SDQMDQJ GLSHUDJDNDQ NHGXD WLP 3DGD VHW NHHPSDW DNKLUQ\D *UHVLN 3HWURNLPLD PHPHQDQJNDQ SHUWDQGLQJDQ .HPHQDQJDQ *UHVLN 3HWURNLPLD DWDV -DNDUWD 3RSVLYR 3ROZDQELVDGLELODQJVHEDJDLNHPHQDQJDQVXSRUWHU*UHVLN *DJDVDQXWDPDWHUVLUDW 5/20OGPICMJKTKRGTVCPFKPICPFGPICPUMQTCMJKT2GTVCPFKPICP[CPIDGTLCNCP RCPLCPI VCPRC WLWPI FKOGPKVOGPKV VGTCMJKT LWUVTW OGPWPLWMMCP MGJKFWRCP 5WNKUOCPVQ OGOCUWMMCP DQNC MG ICYCPI 5/2 0 OGPKV UGDGNWO RGTVCPFKPICP WUCK &KUWUWN 9CPIUKV 9CPIUKV DGTJCUKN OGPIIKTKPI DQNC MG MCPFCPI NCYCP OGPKV UGDGNWO RGTVCPFKPICP WUCK &GVKMFGVKM MGVGICPICP FKOCPHCCVMCP #PIIC WPVWM OGODKFKMMCPDQNCOGPKVUGDGNWORGTVCPFKPICPWUCK +FGRQMQM -GOGPCPICP5/20CVCU5/20FCNCORGTVCPFKPICPUGRCMDQNC 8QLW 2ODK5DJD
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 163)CICUCPWVCOCFKCYCNFCPCMJKTRCTCITCH 2GTUKLC ,CMCTVC OCUKJ KPIKP FKRGTDQNGJMCP OGPIIWPCMCP 5VCFKQP )GNQTC $WPI -CTPQ *CN KPK MCTGPC UVCFKQP .GDCM $WNWU FKMCVCMCP VKFCM OGOGPWJK U[CTCV WPVWM MQORGVKUK .KIC 5WRGT *CP[C DGDGTCRC UVCFKQP [CPI OGOGPWJK U[CTCV UGDCICK VGORCV OGNCPIUWPIMCP .KIC 5WRGT UCNCJ UCVWP[C 5VCFKQP )GNQTC $WPI -CTPQ 0COWP NCTCPICP /GPRQTC OGPIIWPCMCP UVCFKQP KPK OGPLCFK JCODCVCP VGTUGPFKTK 6KFCM CFC UVCFKQP FK ,CMCTVC [CPI OGOGPWJK U[CTCV FK FCGTCJ $CPFWPI $QIQT FCP 6CPIGTCPICRCNCIK1NGJMCTGPCKVW*WOCU2GTUKLC$CTEG0C\CTOCUKJOGPWPIIWK\KP OGPRQTC WPVWM OGPIIWPCMCP 5VCFKQP )GNQTC $WPI -CTPQ UGDCICK MCPFCPI MQORGVKUK /GPFKUMWUKMCP)CICUCP7VCOC6GMU $GDGTCRCEQPVQJNGVCMICICUCPWVCOCFKCVCUVGPVWUWFCJMCOWRCJCOK$GTFCUCTMCP MGGORCV RCTCITCH FK CVCU FCRCV FKUKORWNMCP DCJYC CFC GORCV OCECO RCTCITCH DGTFCUCTMCPNGVCMICICUCPWVCOC 2GTVCOC RCTCITCH FGPICP ICICUCP WVCOC FK CYCN RCTCITCH )CICUCP WVCOC FKCYCN RCTCITCHFCRCVDGTCFCFKMCNKOCVUCVWCVCWMCNKOCVFWC-CNKOCVUGNCPLWVP[COGTWRCMCP MCNKOCVRGPLGNCU -GFWC RCTCITCH FGPICP ICICUCP WVCOC FK CMJKT RCTCITCH #TVKP[C NGVCM ICICUCP WVCOC CFCNCJ FK CMJKT RCTCITCH -CNKOCVMCNKOCV UGDGNWOP[C OGTWRCMCP MCNKOCV MCNKOCVRGPLGNCU -GVKIC RCTCITCH FGPICP ICICUCP WVCOC VGTUKTCV 7PVWM OGPGPVWMCP ICICUCP WVCOC RCTCITCH LGPKU KPK FGPICP ECTC OGP[KORWNMCP 5GOWC MCNKOCV FCNCO RCTCITCH LGPKU KPK OGTWRCMCP MCNKOCVMCNKOCV RGPLGNCU ,CFK WPVWM OGPGPVWMCP ICICUCP WVCOC CFCNCJ FGPICPOGP[KORWNMCPMCNKOCVMCNKOCVRGPLGNCU -GGORCV RCTCITCH FGPICP ICICUCP WVCOC FK CYCN FCP FK CMJKT 2CTCITCH LGPKU KPK OGOKNKMKICICUCPWVCOCFKCYCNFCPFKCMJKTRCTCITCH)CICUCPWVCOCFKCMJKTRCTCITCH OGTWRCMCPRGPGMCPCPMGODCNKICICUCPWVCOCFKCYCNFCPDGTHWPIUKUGDCICKRGPIWCV -GIKCVCPDGTKMWVCFCNCJOGPFKUMWUKMCPICICUCPWVCOCVGMU$GTICDWPINCJFGPICP QTCPIVGOCPOW.CMWMCPMGIKCVCPDGTKMWV $CECNCJVGMUDGTKMWVFGPICPUCMUCOC )TCPF2WLK5VGXGP)GTTCTF%JGNUGC+PIKP/GTGDWV-GOGPCPICP %JGNUGCUCPICVRGPCUCTCPMCTGPCFWCMCNKFKICICNMCP.KXGTRQQNRCFCDCDCMUGOKHKPCN.KIC%JCORKQPU .KXGTRQQN OGPIICICNMCP %JGNUGC RGTVCOC MCNK RCFC OWUKP FGPICPCITGICV *CN KVW MGODCNK VGTLCFK RCFC OWUKO NCNW %JGNUGC MGODCNK FKICICNMCP FK DCDCMHKPCNVK -KPK RCTC RWPIICYC VKO .QPFQP KVW RWP[C VGMCF OGODCTC WPVWM OGNCMWMCP DCNCUFGPFCO &WC RGOCKP CUKPI 6JG $NWGU [CKVW /KEJCGN $CNNCEM FCP &KFKGT &TQIDC RWP[C VGMCFKPIKPOGNCMWMCPDCNCUFGPFCOWPVWMOGPIWDWT6JG4GFU 2GNCVKJ %JGNUGC #XTCO )TCPV OGPEQDC OGPICECW MQPUGPVTCUK MWDW .KXGTRQQN FGPICPOGNQPVCTMCPOKPCVP[CWPVWMOGODQ[QPI5VGXGP)GTTCTF)TCPVUCPICVOGPICIWOK)GTTCTF 8QLW 2ODK5DJD
164 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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
166 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. $GTNCVKJ/GPGOWMCP)CICUCP7VCOC6GMU $CECNCJVGMUDGTKMWVFCPVGPVWMCPNCJICICUCPWVCOCVGMU 6GMU 6KPVKP$GPP[Ŏ5TKMCPFK)QNHŏ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ŏ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ő6CRK EQCEJ $GPP[ &QNNQ OKPVC UC[C LCPICP VCMWV ;CPI RGPVKPI DGTOCKPUGDCKMOWPIMKPCICTVGTRKNKJŒ6WVWTP[C+VWRWNC[CPIOGODWCV2CWNQMKPKNGDKJ UCPVCKFCPOWNCKDKUCOGP[GUWCKMCPFKTK -GOCORWCP DGTOCKP FK DGTDCICK RQUKUK OGPLCFK OQFCN 2CWNQ WPVWM OG[CMKPMCP $GPP[)GNCPFCPIVGTVCJCP2GTUKRWTCKPKLWICOGOKNKMKMGOCORWCPOGPIQ[CMRGTVCJCPCP NCYCP FCP OGPEGVCM IQN $CJMCP RCFC RCTVCK RGTFCPC %QRC +PFQPGUKC 2CWNQ OGPEGVCMFWCIQNMGICYCPI2GTUKFQ&QPIICNCő2CWNQUCPICVDCKMMGVKMCOGP[GTCPIFCTK NKPK MGFWC 7ORCPP[C LWIC VGTWMWTŒ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172 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 8QLW 2ODK5DJD
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176 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 177 ,CYCDNCJRGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCPDGTKMWV C #RCLWFWNRWKUKFKCVCU! D #RCKUKRWKUKFKCVCU! E $CICKOCPCUWCUCPCRWKUKFKCVCU! F $CICKOCPCUGJCTWUP[COKOKMOWMCMKVCUCCVOGODCECRWKUKFKCVCU! G $CICKOCPCUGJCTWUP[CKTCOC[CPIMKVCIWPCMCPUCCVOGODCECRWKUKFKCVCU! H $WCVNCJTGPECPCKTCOCWPVWMOGODCECRWKUKFKCVCUDGTKVCPFCFKCVCUNCTKMRWKUK I $CICKOCPCUGJCTWUP[CIGTCMCPVWDWJMKVCUCCVOGODCECRWKUKFKCVCU! $GTNCVKJ/GPCPIICRKFCNCO-GNQORQM $GTMGNQORQMNCJ FGPICP VGOCPOW .CMWMCP MGIKCVCP OGODCEC RWKUK 5CVW VGOCP OGODCEC RWKUK VGOCP NCKP OGPCPIICRK ECTC OGODCEC RWKUK VGOCP VGTUGDWV 2KNKJNCJ RWKUK /GTCM FK #VCU 2CPIIWPI CVCW 0GIGTKMW &CJWNW FCP -KPK 6WNKU VCPIICRCPOW FCNCO VCDGN DGTKMWV 6WNKU LWIC VCPIICRCP NKUCPOW 2KNKJNCJ UCVW VGOCP WPVWM OGYCMKNK MGNQORQMFCNCONQODCOGODCECRWKUKFKMGNCUOW 0COC +TCOC 8QNWOG /KOKM -KPGUKM 6QVCN # $ % # $ % # $ % # $ % 5MQT ,CPWC Ũ Ũ Ũ Ũ MGVGTCPICP # DCKMUGMCNK UMQT MGVGTCPICPVQVCNUMQT Ō EWMWR $ DCKM UMQT Ō DCKM % EWMWR UMQT Ō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
178 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. /GPCPIICRK%CTC2GODCECCP2WKUK6GOCP -CNKCPUWFCJOGOKNKJUCVWVGOCPFGPICPRGODCECCPRWKUKVGTDCKMFCNCOMGNQORQM 9CMKNYCMKNFCTKMGNQORQMMCNKCPCMCPOGPIKMWVKNQODCOGODCECRWKUKFKMGNCUOW .CMWMCPUGDWCJRGTNQODCCPOGODCECRWKUK 5GKUKMGNCUFCPIWTWOGPLCFKLWTKCVCWVKORGPKNCK 6WNKUVCPIICRCPOWFCNCOVCDGNDGTKMWV6WNKUFKDWMWVWICUOW 0COC +TCOC 8QNWOG /KOKM -KPGUKM 6QVCN # $ % # $ % # $ % # $ % 5MQT /CTKC Ũ Ũ Ũ Ũ MGVGTCPICP # DCKMUGMCNK UMQT MGVGTCPICPVQVCNUMQT Ō EWMWR $ DCKM UMQT Ō DCKM % EWMWR UMQT Ō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
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 179 /GODCEC%GTRGP $GTICDWPINCJFGPICPQTCPIVGOCPOW$CECNCJRGVKMCPEGTKVCRGPFGMDGTKMWV 2CJCOKKUKP[C6GOWMCPRGTKUVKYC[CPIVGTLCFK -CFQ+UVKOGYC $W -WUVK[CJ DGTVGMCF DWNCV OGPIJCFKTK CP VGTECRCK 2CM )K UGTKPI OGPGMCPMCJTGUGRUKRGTPKMCJCPRWVTC2CM*CTIK6KFCMDKUC DCJYC [CPI VCM MCNCJ RGPVKPI FCTKVKFCM #RC RWP JCODCVCPP[C $GTCRC RWP RGTLWCPICP OGPGPVCPI MGODCNKP[CDKC[CP[C +PK UWFCJ LCFK PKCVCPP[C UGLCM NCOC $GNCPFC CFCNCJ RGTLWCPICP OGNCYCP$CJYC UWCVW UCCV PCPVK MCNCW 2CM )K OCPVW MGOKUMKPCPFCPMGDQFQJCPŒCVCW PIWPFWJ OCPVW $W -WUVTK[CJ CMCPFCVCPIWPVWMOGPIWECRMCPUGNCOCV/GP[CVC #MCP VGVCRK DCICKOCPC RWP OGUMKMCP MGIGODKTCCP /GPWPLWMMCP DCJYC $W $W -WU VGVCR OGTCUC UGNCNW FGMCV-WU VGVCR OGPIJQVOCVK 2CM )K DKCT RWP FGPICP 2CM )K VGTP[CVC UGVGNCJ VKIC\COCPUWFCJDGTWDCJ RWNWJVCJWPNGDKJVCMDGTLWORCVKODWN LWICNCJ MGTKPFWCP WPVWM DGTPQUVCNIKC ő2CM *CTIK CFCNCJ CVCUCP UC[C [CPI UC[C FCPDGTVCVCR OWMC UGECTC NCPIUWPIJQTOCVKŒ DGIKVW $W -WU UGTKPI DGTEGTKVC RCFC FGPICP DGNKCW +VWNCJ OCMC MGVKMC KCRCTC VGVCPIICP[C ő$GNKCW CFCNCJ UGQTCPI OGPFGPICT MCDCT DCJYC 2CM )K CMCPRGLWCPI UGLCVK 6GTOCUWM FK CPVCTC [CPI DGT OGPKMCJMCP CPCMP[C $W -WU OGTCUCLWCPI OGPFKTKMCP PGIGTK KPK 9CNCW RWP UC[C KPKNCJ MGUGORCVCP [CPI UCPICV VGRCVEWOC DGMGTLC FK FCRWT WOWO VGVCRK UC[C WPVWMDGTLWORCOGTCUC DCJCIKC FCP DGTDCPIIC DKUC KMWV DGTLWCPIDGTUCOC2CM)KŒ .GYCV VGPICJ JCTK UGNGUCK OCMCP UKCPI $W -WU UWFCJ VCM DGVCJ NCIK 0COWP DGIKVWNCJ ŌOGPWTWV $W -WUō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ŌFCNCO KUVKNCJ $W -WUōőMGUCOCCP IGUCCPP[COGPKPIICNMCPTWOCJCMJKTEKVCEKVC OGTWRCMCP RGPIKMCV JWDWPICP [CPI P[C OCNCJ OGODWCVP[C DGTVCODCJVCMVGTRWVWUMCPŒ IGNKUCJ 4CUCP[C KPIKP UGEGRCVP[C KC UCORCK FK ,CMCTVC FCP DGTUCNCO ő5QCNEKVCEKVCFWNWMCOKUGTKPIOGPIQDTQN UCNCOCP FGPICP 2CM )K $GTDKECPIMCPP[C DGTUCOC RCTC IGTKN[CYCP NCKPŒ FGOK DKPECPI VGPVCPI OCUC NCNW 6GPVCPIMKCP MGPCPI $W -WU ő&CP RCFC MGUGORCVCP MGPCPICPMGPCPICP OCPKU FK FCRWTUGRGTVK KVW RCFC UCCV QTCPIQTCPI NCKP OG WOWO 6GPVCPI PCUK [CPI VGTRCMUCOKOPRKMCPDGVCRCKPFCJP[CMCNCWMGOGPCPI FKJKFCPIMCP UGVGPICJOCVCPI VGPVCPI MWTKT0ICVKOKP[CPIRKPVCTOGP[COCT 8QLW 6HQLGDQ%XGD\D
180 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.VGPVCPI 0[CK -GOWPKPI RGPIJWPK VCPIUK OCPC JCTK CRC LCO DGTCRC 5C[C VCJWOKORKOKORK RCTC DWLCPICP #J DGIKVW TGPECPC RGTMCYKPCP KVW EWOC FGPICTDCP[CMP[C EGTKVCEGTKVC NWEW [CPI TCUCP[C FCTK /CU 6QVQMM UCLC $W /CU 6QVQMVCMMCP VGTNWRCMCP DKCT RWP VGTNKDCU QNGJ LWIC %WOC FGPICT QOQPICP MKTKDGTRWVCTP[CTQFC\COCP MCPCPŒ ő5WCOKOW KVW ŎMCP UGMCPVQT UCOC 2GNWKV MGTGVC CRK OGPICIGVMCP $W -WU +C 2CM&K/CUCŏVKFCMFKWPFCPI!ŒNCPIUWPI DGTFKTK FCP VGTIQRQJIQRQJ PCKM MG ő$WMCP UCVW MCPVQT $W 5CVWCVCU IGTDQPI ő0CPVK UCLC $W $CTW OCW FGRCTVGOGP .CIK RWNC /CU 6QVQM KVWFKNCPIUKTŒ MCT[CYCP DKUCC LCWWJ FK DCYCJ 2CM )K +VW RWP DWMCP DCYCJCP NCPIUWPI 6GTVCRK $W -WU UWFCJ VGNCPLWT DGTFKTK FK ,CFK [C PIICM DCMCN VCJW OGPCJW UQCNDQTFGU DGIKPKCP #RCNCIK MGEKRTCVCP WPFCPICPŒ ő2QMQMP[CUCORCK,CMCTVCŒ ő-CPDKUCVCP[C!Œ ő0QOQT VGORCV FWFWMP[C DGNWO FKCVWT 9CYWM OGPIJGODWUMCP PCRCUP[C$WŒ CICMMGTCU ő2QMQMP[CRWP[CMCTEKUŒ ő+PICV 9WMŒ DW -WU DKECTC &CP OGOCPI UGVGNCJ OGNCNWK MGIGNKUCJCP FGPICP PCFC FCNCO ő#MW LCWJLCWJ[CPI COCV RCPLCPI CMJKTP[C $W -WU UCORCK FCVCPI MG ,CMCTVC KPK [CPI RGPVKPILWIC FK ,CMCTVC 9CYWM CPCM RGTGORWCPP[C CFCNCJFCVCPIRCFCTGUGRUKRGTPKMCJCPMGIGV UGVGPICJ OCVK OGNKJCV RCIKRCIK KDWP[C RWVTC2CM*CTIK.CKPVKFCMŒOWPEWN FK OWMC TWOCJP[C UGVGNCJ VWTWP FCTK /GPECTK KPHQTOCUK VGPVCPI VGORCVVCMUK UGPFKTKCP ő+DW KPK PGMCV -GPCRC VKFCM FCP YCMVW RGTP[GNGPIICTCCP TGUGRUKMCUKJMCDCTFWNW!Œ VGTUGDWV VGTP[CVC UCOCUGMCNK DWMCP ő&K VGNGITCO ŎMCP UC[C DKNCPI OCW RGMGTLCCPUWNKVDCIKUWCOK9CYWM2CMFCVCPI!Œ *CTIK CFCNCJ UGQTCPI RGLCDCV GUGNQP ő6GVCRK VCPIICN RCUVKP[C KDW VKFCM OG UCVW RCFC RQU [CPI UCPICV RGPVKPIP[GDWVŒ 5GFGOKMKCP RGPVKPI LCDCVCP KVW JKPIIC ő;CPIRGPVKPIUWFCJUCORCKUKPKŒ KDCTCVMCVCDGNKCWVGTMGPCIGLCNCHNWUCLC ő$WMCP DGIKVW $W -CNCW MKVC VCJW RGTUKU ŌDCTW IGLCNCP[C UCLCōTCUCTCUCP[CŎMCPDKUCLGORWV+DWFKUVCUKWPŒ UGNWTWJ FGRCTVGOGP DCMCN VCJW +VWNCJ ő5C[C VKFCM OCW OGTGRQVMCP .CIK RWNC OCMC FGPICP ICORCPI UWCOK 9CYWMUC[C UWFCJ MGDWTW VCMWV DCMCN MGVKPIICNCP DKUC OGORGTQNGJ MGVGTCPICP NGPIMCRTGUGRUK OCPVWP[C 2CM )K 5CNCJOW LWIC VCPI VGTOCUWM EQRK WPFCPICP TGUGRUK RGTICRRGTUKUP[CVKFCMMCOWUGDWVFKUWTCVŒ PKMCJCPVGTUGDWV ő;C 6WJCP +DW OCW FCVCPI MG TGUGRUK ő#ECTCP[C DGUQM LCO VWLWJ OCNCOKVW!!!Œ FK2WTK#IWPI*QVGN5CJKF,C[CŒ ő-COW UGPFKTK [CPI DGTEGTKVC 2CM )K OCW ő#UVCIJHKTWNNCJ&KJQVGN!ŒOCPVWŒ ő;C$WŒ ő-GPCRC +DW VKFCM OGPICVCMCPP[C FK ő$WMCPFKIGFWPI!ŒUWTCV!Œ ő&K JQVGN KVW CFC HCUKNKVCU TWCPI ő#RCCRCMQMOGUVKNCRQTCPŒ TGUGRUK$WŒ ő$WMCP DGIKVW $WŒ 9CYWM UGFKMKV TCIW ő1QQŒOGNCPLWVMCP WECRCPP[C ő+DW MCP VKFCM FK ő$CTCPIMCNK NJQ 5QCNP[C UC[CWPFCPI!Œ UGPFKTKDGNWORGTPCJOCUWMŒ ő.JQ MCNCW VKFCM RCMCK WPFCPICP CRC [C ő6GVCRK0CM6QVQMVCJWJQVGNKVWFKNCNWFKVQNCM!Œ OCPC!Œ ő;CVKFCM6CRKUKCRCVCJWPCPVKCFCRGOD ő6CJW$WŒCIKCPVGORCVOCPCCFC8+2OCPC[CPIDKUCŒ 6GPICJOCNCOIKNKTCP9CYWM[CPI ő#J MC[CM PQPVQP YC[CPI QTCPI UCLC VCM DKUC VKFWT &CNCO FKTKP[C DGTRCMCKXKRXKRCPUGICNCŒ ő6GVCRK [CPI LGNCU UC[C UGPFKTK LWIC VKFCMVCJW TGUGRUKP[C KVW RGTUKUKP[C FKCFCMCP FK8QLW 6HQLGDQ%XGD\D
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182 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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ő0CPVKUCLC$W$CTWOCWFKNCPIUKTŒ 6GVCRK$W-WUUWFCJVGNCPLWTDGTFKTKFKDQTFGU ő2QMQMP[CUCORCK,CMCTVCŒ ő0QOQTVGORCVFWFWMP[CDGNWOFKCVWT$WŒ ő2QMQMP[CRWP[CMCTEKUŒ .CVCTVGORCV &CP OGOCPI UGVGNCJ OGNCNWK MGIGNKUCJCP [CPI COCV RCPLCPI CMJKTP[C $W -WU UCORCK LWIC FK ,CMCTVC 9CYWM CPCM RGTGORWCPP[C MCIGV UGVGPICJ OCVK OGNKJCV RCIKRCIKKDWP[COWPEWNFKOWMCTWOCJP[CUGVGNCJVWTWPFCTKVCMUKUGPFKTKCPő+DW KPKPGMCV-GPCRCVKFCMMCUKJMCDCTFWNW!Œ ő&KVGNGITCOŎMCPUC[CDKNCPIOCWFCVCPI!Œ ő6GVCRKVCPIICNRCUVKP[CKDWVKFCMOGP[GDWVŒ ő;CPIRGPVKPIUWFCJUCORCKUKPKŒ ő$WMCPDGIKVW$W-CNCWMKVCVCJWRGTUKUŎMCPDKUCLGORWV+DWFKUVCUKWPŒ .CVCTVGORCV .CVCTYCMVW /GPFCFCM VGTFGPICT RCPEK LCVWJ 9CYWM DGTIGICT MG FCRWT 2GTCUCCP 9CYWMOCMKP DGTIQNCM OGNKJCV KDWP[C UKDWM OGOCUCM &K OGLC VGTNGVCM PCORCP CP[COCPDCODW [CPI UWFCJ FKNCRKUK MCKP RWVKJ DGTJKCU DQTFKTCP $CMWNDCMWN MGEKNFKVGORCVMCPFKCVCUP[CUGECTCTCRK&KCVCUMQORQT[CPIOGP[CNCVGTNGVCMFCPFCPI[CPIOGPIGRWNMCPWCRVGDCNő/CUCMCRC$W!Œő6KYWNŒő6KYWNICRNGM!$WCVCRC!.CVCTVGORCV .CVCTYCMVW 8QLW 6HQLGDQ%XGD\D
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184 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. ő&KVGNGITCOŎMCPUC[CDKNCPIOCW FCVCPI!Œ ő6GVCRKVCPIICNRCUVKP[CKDWVKFCM OGP[GDWVŒ ő;CPIRGPVKPIUWFCJUCORCKUKPKŒ ő$WMCPDGIKVW$W-CNCWMKVCVCJWRGTUKU ŎMCPDKUCLGORWV+DWFKUVCUKWPŒ/GPFCFCMVGTFGPICTRCPEKLCVWJ 9CYWMDGTIGICTMGFCRWT2GTCUCCP 9CYWMOCMKPDGTIQNCMOGNKJCVKDWP[C UKDWMOGOCUCM&KOGLCVGTNGVCMPCORCP CP[COCPDCODW[CPIUWFCJFKNCRKUKMCKP RWVKJDGTJKCUDQTFKTCP$CMWNDCMWNMGEKN FKVGORCVMCPFKCVCUP[CUGECTCTCRK&K CVCUMQORQT[CPIOGP[CNCVGTNGVCM FCPFCPI[CPIOGPIGRWNMCPWCRVGDCN ő/CUCMCRC$W!Œ ő6KYWNŒ ő6KYWNICRNGM!$WCVCRC!ő2CM*CTIKCFCNCJCVCUCPUC[C[CPI UC[CJQTOCVKŒDGIKVW$W-WUUGTKPI DGTEGTKVCRCFCRCTCVGVCPIICP[C ő$GNKCWCFCNCJUGQTCPIRGLWCPIUGLCVK 6GTOCUWMFKCPVCTC[CPIDGTLWCPI OGPFKTKMCPPGIGTKKPK9CNCWRWPUC[C EWOCDGMGTLCFKFCRWTWOWOVGVCRK UC[COGTCUCDCJCIKCFCPDGTDCPIIC DKUCKMWVDGTLWCPIDGTUCOC2CM)KŒ 2TGUGPVCUKMCPNCJJCUKNFKUMWUKMCNKCP 5CNKPINCJOGODGTKVCPIICRCPVGTJCFCRJCUKNFKUMWUKOCUKPIOCUKPIMGNQORQM 6WNKUVCPIICRCPFCNCOVCDGNDGTKMWV6WNKUFCNCODWMWVWICUOW 0COC-GNQORQM /GNCVK2GTKUVKYC .CVCT6GORCV .CVCT9CMVW .CVCT5QUKCN -GVGTCPICP 6GRCV -WTCPI $WFC[C 6GRCV 6GRCV -WTCPI -GNQORQM/GNCVK 6GRCV 6GRCV -WTCPI OGP[GDWVMCPNCVCT Ũ 6GRCV VGORCVFCPNCVCT Ũ YCMVWFGPICP VGRCV5GFCPIMCP NCVCTUQUKCNDWFC[C OGOCPIVKFCMCFC FCNCORGTKUVKYC PQOQT 8QLW 6HQLGDQ%XGD\D
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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ő5GNCOCVOCNCO$WŒ FKRGTNWMCP UGLWONCJ MGUCDCTCP NCIK ő5GNCOCVOCNCOUGNCOCVOCNCOŒ 5GOWC VCOW JCTWU OGPWPIIW UG $W -WU OGP[GTCJMCP MCFQP[C RCFC VGPICJ LCO NGDKJ UCORCK JCFKTP[C RGVWICU[CPIECPVKMECPVKMKVW TQODQPICP RTGUKFGP $GIKVW TQO DQPICP RTGUKFGP FCVCPI DGTUCNCO UCNCOCP DGTHQVQ DGTUCOC FCP OG ő6QNQPIUKORCPDCKMDCKMMCFQUC[CKPK PKPIICNMCP IGFWPI MWTCPI NGDKJ 0CM /GPCTWJP[C LCPICP UCORCK VGTDCNKM FWC TKDW VCOW DGTGDWVCP CPVTG PCPVK VWORCJ UGOWC +UKP[C OCMCPCP KUVK OGPWLW RGNCOKPCP &K WTWVCP [CPI OGYCŒ MG UGTKDW UGMKCP $W -WU VGVCR DGT VCJCP WPVWM DGTFKTK VGICT FGPICP ő6GTKOC MCUKJ $W 5KNCMCP VGTWU MG RGTCUCCP[CPIMKCPDGTFGDCT FCNCO6GVCRKOQJQPLCPICPOGPFCJWNWKMG RGNCOKPCP UGDGNWO TQODQPICP RTGUKFGP FCVCPIŒ 5GVGNCJ MWTCPI NGDKJ UGLCO DGT FGUCMFGUCMCP UCORCK LWICNCJ $W ő9CFWJ [WPI 2CM RTGUKFGP JCFKT -WU FK VGORCV RGNCOKPCP 2GTCUCCP LWIC!Œ P[C DGTDKPCT FCP KC RWP DGTDKUKM FCNCO JCVK OGPIWECRMCP U[WMWT $W -WU OCMKP NKPECJ UCLC OGOCUWMK TWCPI TGUGRUK &GECMP[C DGTMCNKMCNK VGT 8QLW 6HQLGDQ%XGD\D
186 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. RCFC ;CPI /CJC -WCUC &GPICP VCPICP őő;9CCJ[CKP6KGRTWKOVTCCM2CCUMKJ)ŒK [C! 2GTUKU IGOGVCT $W -WU OGPIJCVWTMCP UCNCO RCFC $CRCMYCMVWOWFCFWNWŒ 2CM)K ő#YGV OWFC 2CM )K $GPCTDGPCT CYGV 5GNGUCK OGP[CNCOK UGOWCP[C $W OWFC5GNCOCV2CM)KŒ -WU CMJKTP[C OGPKPIICNMCP RGNCOKPCP #PVTGCP DGTLCNCP NCIK ő6GTKOCMCUKJVGTKOCMCUKJŒ 4WRCP[C $W -WU VKFCM DKUC OGPCJCP UGVGNCJ DGDGTCRC UCCV OGPICNCOK FKTK OGPWDTWM VCPICP 2CM &K OGPEKWO MGOCEGVCP VCPICP KVW FCP OGPCPIKU VGTKUCMKUCM 5GOWC NGIC 6GVCRK VCM CFC [CPI ő-WUVK[CJ 2CM )K 5C[C -WUVK[CJ &CRWT DKUC OGPCPFKPIK MGNGICCP $W -WU WOWOŒ 4WCPI TGUGRUK [CPI OCJC KPFCJ FCP 2CM )K UGORCV OGPIGTWVMCP MGPKPIP[C NWCU KVW FKTCUCMCPP[C JCPICV OG VGVCRK MGOWFKCP EGRCV OGPIWCUCK MGCFCCP P[CODWV MGFCVCPICPP[C +C OGPI OGPIGUCPMCP KC UWFCJ VGTDKUC OGPIJCFCRK CLCM 6QVQM FCP 9CYWM OGPLGNCLCJK UKVWCUK UGRGTVK KPK ő1QQ [C [C 6GTKOC UGNWTWJ TWCPICP OGPEKEKRK UGOWC MCUKJNJQŒ LGPKUOCMCPCP ő2QU -CNCUCP 2CM /CU #TKU /CU &CN ő2CM )K KPK DGPCTDGPCT UGQTCPI 0ICVKOKPEGDQN5GMCTCPIRCFCPIWORWNFK RGLWCPI [CPI VCM RGTPCJ OGNWRCMCP EKVCEKVCP[CŒ 5GOCTCPIŒ ő%KVCEKVC[CPIOCPC$W!Œ ő1QQ[C[CŒ ő$CJYC [CPI VCM MCNCJ RGPVKPI ő5GOWC FK UCOC VGVCR MQORCM 2CM FGPICP RGTCPI OGNCYCP RGPLCLCJ 6GVCRK LCPICP VCP[C UQCN 0[CK -GOWPKPI CFCNCJ RGTLWCPICP OGNCYCP MG NJQŒ KUCM VCPIKU $W -WU DGTDCWT FGPICP OKUMKPCP FCP MGDQFQJCP .JC KPK VCYC UGOWC ŎMCP DWMVK MGDGTJCUKNCP DGNKCW OGNCYCPMGOKUMKPCP!Œ ő;C[C[C VGTKOC MCUKJ DCP[CM NJQ 6GTKOCMCUKJŒ ő+DW UGPFKTK MGPCRC VKFCM OGPI KMWVKLGLCM2CM)K!Œ ő-CRCP MKVC DKUC DGTDKPECPI NGDKJ DCP[CM2CM)K!Œ ő5GDCICK OCPVCP DCIKCP FCRWT WOWOUC[CVGVCRDGTLWCPIVGTWUNJQ 5GUCCV2CM)KMGJKNCPICPMCVCMCVC$W)K UGFKMKV VGICPI 2CTC VCOW OWNCK DGTIWOCO /GNCYCPMGNCRCTCPŒ MCTGPCOCEGVP[CCPVTGCP ő'OO MCRCPMCRCP UCLC 6GTKOC MCUKJ CVCUMGFCVCPICPP[CŒ ,WLWT2TCPCPVQ%GTKVC2KNKJCP-QORCU ő6GTKOC MCUKJ MGODCNK 2CM 5GMCNK NCIK UC[CWECRMCPUGNCOCVŒ ,CYCDNCJRGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCPDGTKMWV C 6GPVWMCPRGTKUVKYCRGTKUVKYCFCNCOEGTKVC-CFQ+UVKOGYC[CPIOGPICPFWPINCVCT D 6GPVWMCPNCVCTVGORCVNCVCTYCMVWFCPNCVCTUQUKCNDWFC[COCU[CTCMCVFCNCORGVKMCP EGTRGPFKCVCU E 6GOWMCPNCVCTFKFCGTCJOW[CPIOKTKRFGPICPNCVCTEGTRGP-CFQ+UVKOGYC8QLW 6HQLGDQ%XGD\D
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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ő+VW FKC ECPFKP[CŒ UGTW #PVQP MGVKMC DGTCPIMCV6CRK#PVQPVGTP[CVCDGNWOUKCR OGTGMC UCORCK FK FGRCP ECPFK ő9CFWJ 5CODKN OGPIIGTWVW 0CPQ OGPWPIIW DCIWU [CŒ VCODCJ CPCMCPCM KVW UCODKN #PVQP UCTCRCP 5GVGNCJ KVW OGTGMC OGP OGORGTJCVKMCP %CPFK 5KPIJCUCTK [CPI PCORCMVKPIIKOGPLWNCPI 8QLW 6HQLGDQ%XGD\D
188 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. #PVQPJGPFCMDGTDGNQMOGOCUWMKRKPVW ő6GTKPICV 5KPIJCUCTK OCW VCM OCW MKVCJCNCOCP ECPFK 0CPQ OGPCJCP NGPICPP[C VGTKPICV RCFC -GP #TQM FCP -GP &GFGUŒő6KFCM UGMCTCPIŒ MCVC 0CPQ ő-KVC VGTWU #P0VQCPPOQOGPGKPOGDTCTWPPIIMCPő-CNCWMKVCVGTWUMGMGDCTCVFWNWOGNKJCVCTEC&YCTCRCNCŒ&K $CTCV OGPIKMWVK LCNCP KVWő 0CPQ OGUGDGNCJ DCTCV ECPFK KVW OGOCPI VGTFCRCV PWFKPI ő-KVC CMCP UCORCK MG UGDWCJCTEC TCMUCUC RGPLCIC [CPI FKUGDWV RGOCPFKCP[CPIDGTPCOC-GP&GFGU6CRK&YCTCRCNC #[CJ 0CPQ DGTRGUCP UGDGNWO KVW RGOCPFKCP OCUC MKPK #TVKP[C DWMCPOGNKJCVNKJCV ECPFK UGDCKMP[C OGTGMC OG RGPKPIICNCP-GP#TQMŒNKJCV CTEC KVW NGDKJ FCJWNW +VW UGDCDP[C0CPQOGNCTCPI#PVQPOCUWMMGECPFK #PVQP OGPICPIIWMCPIIWM ő2GTPCJ MWFGPICT-KVCOCWMGUCPC!Œ -GVKIC CPCM KVW VGTWU DGTLCNCP 5GVGNCJOGNGYCVKRGTGORCVCPUCORCKNCJOGTGMCFK ő6CM WUCJNCJ #MW VKFCM OGODCYCVGORCV&YCTCRCNC RCMCKCPTGPCPIŒLCYCD/CTKCPC ,WONCJ &YCTCRCNC CFC FWC DWCJ ;CPI ő;CJ MKVC MG ECPFK UCLC #MW KPIKP OGUGDWCJ FK UGDGNCJ UGNCVCP LCNCP UCVWP[C FK NKJCVECPFKKVWUCORCKRWCUŒMCVC0CPQUGDGNCJWVCTC 1J [C $WMCPMCJ CTEC &YCTCRCNC CFC ő#FWJ DGUCTP[CŒ UGTW /CTKCPC MCIWO [CPI RGTPCJ VGTDGPCO MG FCNCO VCPCJ!Œő&CTK OCPC OGTGMC OGORGTQNGJ DCVW WLCT#PVQPő;CPIOCPC[C!ŒUGDGUCT KPK! &CP DCICKOCPC RWNC ECTC OGPGORCVMCPDCVWKVWFKUKPK!Œ ő;C [CPI KPKŒ VWPLWM 0CPQ RCFC CTEC [CPI FK UGDGNCJ UGNCVCP LCNCP /CUCNCJP[C ő2CFCJCN FWNW DGNWO CFC OGUKP >GM MCTGPCVCPCJ[CPIVKFCMUCPIIWROGPCJCP$GIKVWMCP!Œ0CPQOGPQNGJRCFC/CTKCPC CTEC DCVW KPK -CNKCP VGPVW DKUC OGO-GOWFKCP UCODKN OGOCPFCPI &YCTCRCNC DC[CPIMCPDGVCRCDGTCVP[CCTEC[CPIVKPI[CPI FK UGDGNCJ UGNCVCP LCNCP 0CPQ OG IKP[CJCORKTGORCVOGVGTKPKŒNCPLWVMCPŒ,WUVTWFKUKVWNCJNGVCMMGJGDCVCPPGPGMOQ[CPIMKVCŒ ő-GOWFKCPCODNGU!Œ ő;C .CNW RCFC VCJWP CTEC KPK /CTKCPC UGRGPFCRCV FGPICP 0CPQ FKPCKMMCPMGCVCU-GOWFKCPFKDCYCJP[C-GOWFKCPFGPICPEGTOCVFKRGTJCVKMCPP[C FKDWCV CNCU DGVQP UWRC[C CTEC KPK VKFCMWMKTWMKTCPRCFCCTECDCVWKVW CODNGU NCIKŒ 0CPQ OGPWPLWM CNCU DGVQP DGTDGPVWM RGTUGIK GORCV FK DCYCJ RCVWPI 4CWV OWMC TCMUCUC &YCTCRCNC PCORCM DCVWKVWOGP[GTCOMCP CNKUP[C DGTMGTWV OCVCP[C 5GVGNCJ RWCU OGNKJCVNKJCV &YCTCRCNCOGNQVQV OWNWVP[C OGP[GTKPICK OGORGT MGVKICCPCMKVWMGODCNKMGCTCJ6KOWTVQPVQPMCP VCTKPIP[C .GJGTP[C DGTJKCUMCP /GNKJCV RWPECM %CPFK 5KPIJCUCTK [CPIMCNWPI WNCT FCP VGPIMQTCM 6CPICPP[C OGPLWNCPI0CPQDGTMCVCő-CNKCPCFC[CPIOGOGICPIICFC UWFCJRGTPCJMG%CPFK$CFWV!Œ #PVQPFCP/CTKCPCOGPIIGNGPI ő#RCMCJ CTECCTEC KPK OGTWRCMCP CTEC ő#MW UWFCJŒ 0CPQ OGNCPLWVMCPRGPLCIC IGTDCPI KUVCPC!Œ 6CP[C /CTKCPC ő#PVCTC%CPFK$CFWVFCP%CPFK5KPIJCUCTKRCFC0CPQ CFC DGFCP[C %CPFK $CFWV DGTDGPVWM VCODWP FCP OGNGDCT UGFCPIMCP %CPFK ő&WNW OGOCPI CFC [CPI DGTRGPFCRCV 5KPIJCUCTK DGTDGPVWM VKPIIK FCP TCORKPIFGOKMKCPŒ LCYCD 0CPQ ő0COWP VKFCM %CPFK $CFWV NGDKJ VWC FCTKRCFC %CPFKVGTDWMVK DCJYC FK UGMKVCT VGORCV KPK CFC 5KPIJCUCTKUGDWCJ KUVCPC ,CFK CFC MGOWPIMKPCP CTEC /GPWTWV ECVCVCP UGNCKP FKUGDWV FGPICPKPK CFCNCJ CTEC RGPLCIC VCOCP CVCW MG PCOC %CPFK 5KPIJCUCTK ECPFK *KPFW,CYCRWVTKCP FK \COCP 5KPIJCUCTK JCFKT CDCF KVW LWIC FKUGDWV %CPFK 6WOCRGN #FC RWNCDGTCRCJC[Q!Œ [CPI OGPCOCMCPP[C %CPFK %WPIMWR ,WIC CFC [CPI OGP[GDWVP[C %CPFK -GP ő.JQOCWOGPVGUCMW!ŒLCYCD/CTKCPC &GFGUő#DCFVKICDGNCUŒ ő2KPVCT LWIC MCOWŒ RWLK 0CPQ VGTVCYCő-WMKTCMCOWNWRCŒ8QLW 6HQLGDQ%XGD\D
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 189 -GVKMCJGPFCMOCUWMMGJCNCOCPECPFK DGDGTCRC RCVWPI DCVW [CPI KPFCJ DWCVCPUGQTCPIKDWOGOCPIIKNMGVKICCPCMKVW P[C&WNWŒ ő5KNCMCP OGPIKUK DWMW VCOW FWNWŒ WLCT ő&WNW!#RCOCMUWFOW!Œ6CP[C#PVQPUK KDW [CPI VGTP[CVC RGVWICU LWTW RGNKJCTC 0CPQ OGPICLCM MGFWC VGOCPP[C OGECPFK PIKVCTKECPFKUCORCKFKFGRCPTGNWPIECPFK UGDGNCJ WVCTC 5CODKN OGPWPLWM TGNWPI 0CPQ RWP OGYCMKNK MGFWC VGOCPP[C [CPI MQUQPI 0CPQ OGPGTCPIMCP ő&WNWOGPIKUK DWMW VCOW &KUGDWVMCPP[C PCOC FK TGNWPI WVCTC KPK VGTFCRCV UGDWCJ &WTICP[CUGTVCVWLWCPP[CFCVCPIMGECPFKWPVWM /CJKUCUWTCOCTFKPK ;CKVW CTEC &GYKOGNKJCVNKJCV &WTIC FK CVCU RWPIIWPI DCPVGPI 5GOGP VCTCFKTGNWPIVKOWTCFCCTEC)CPGUJC6CRK $CFCP %CPFK 5KPIJCUCTK DGTFKTK FK CVCU UGMCTCPITGNWPITGNWPIKPKMQUQPIŒFCUCT ECPFK [CPI VGTDWCV FCTK DCVW DGT ő#TECCTECP[CMGOCPC!Œ6CP[C#PVQPDGPVWM RGTUGIK 4WCPI WVCOCP[C OGPI ő&KDCYC MG PGIGTK $GNCPFC RCFC VCJWPJCFCRMG$CTCV CPŒ 0CPQ OGPCTKM VCPICP #PVQP &KCLCMP[C VGOCPP[C KVW OGPIKVCTK NCIK MG 5GDWCJ RTCUCUVK FCTK VCJWP OG TGNWPIUGNCVCP/CTKCPCOGODWPVWVKMGFWCP[GDWVMCP VGPVCPI RGODCPIWPCP UGDWCJ CPCMNCMKNCMKKVWECPFK FK YKNC[CJ KVW %CPFK KVW FKDCPIWP ő;CPIVKPIICNEWOCCTECKPKŒMCVC0CPQWPVWM OGPIGPCPI OGPKPIICNP[C -GTVC OGPWPLWM MG FCNCO TGNWPI #PVQP FCPPGICTC4CLC5KPIJCUCTK[CPIVGTCMJKTKVW /CTKCPCOGORGTJCVKMCPCTECFCNCOTGNWPI KVW 2CVWPI KVW OGPIICODCTMCP UGQTCPI 5GLCTCJ OGP[GDWVMCP DCJYC 5TK -GTVC RGPFGVC [CPI DGTLCPIIWV RCPLCPI FCPPGICTC DGTUCOC DGDGTCRC MGTCDCVP[C VGDCN 2CVWPI KVW VKFCM UGORWTPC NCIKIWIWT FCNCO RGTVGORWTCP OGNCYCP .GPICPP[CRCVCJRCUWMCP [CPI FKRKORKP QNGJ ,C[CMCVYCPI ő9CJ NGPICPP[C RCVCJŒ UGTW /CTKCPCFCTK -GFKTK 2GTKUVKYC KVW VGTLCFK RCFC OGP[C[CPIMCPVCJWP &GPICP OGPKPIICNP[C -GTVC ő,WUVTW OWPIMKP MCTGPC KVW CTEC KPKPGICTC DGTCMJKT RWNC MGLC[CCP -GTCLCCP VKFCM KMWV FKDCYC MG NWCT PGIGTKŒ UCJWV5KPIJCUCTK 0CPQ ő+PKCTECCRC!Œ6CP[C#PVQP 0COWPDGDGTCRCCJNKNCKPP[COGPFWIC ő#TEC)WTW#ICUV[CŒDCJYC %CPFK 5KPIJCUCTK FKDCPIWP DWMCP ő9CJCPCMKPKDGPCTDGPCTVCJWDCP[CMJCP[C UGDCICK OQPWOGP RGTKPICVCP DCIK NJQ #PŒ WLCT #PVQP OGPWFKPI 0CPQ-GTVCPGICTC /GTGMC OGORGTMKTCMCP UGOGPVCTC OWMCP[C DGTRCNKPI MGC TCJECPFK KVW LWIC UGDCICK OCMCO -GTVCPGICTC /CTKCPCFCNCORGTYWLWFCPP[CUGDCICK$JCKTCYC ő.JQ MQM JGTCP! #MW MCP 0CPQ #FK #FKV[Q! 0CPQ [CPI LGPKWU UGNCNW VCJW /CPC[CPIDGPCT! DCP[CMŒMCVC0CPQOGP[QODQPI 9CNNCJWCNCO /CTKCPCOGPFQTQPIDCJW0CPQő6GPVW 0CPQ FCP MGFWC VGOCPP[C OCUWM MG UCLC MCOW VCJW 5QCNP[C MCOW UWFCJDKNKM WVCOC ECPFK -GCFCCP CICM IGNCR &K OGORGNCLCTK MGVGTCPICP VGPVCPI ECPFK KPKVGPICJVGPICJ DKNKM [CPI VKFCM VGTNCNW NWCU -CNCWJCP[CKVWŌCMW[CDKUCŒKVWVGTFCRCVUGDWCJDCVW[CPIFKUGDWV[QPK 0CPQ OGPIGNCM ő'J MCVCOW VCFK CFC2CFC ECPFKECPFK *KPFW MGDCP[CMCP FK [CPI OGPCOCMCP ECPFK KPK UGDCICK %CPFKNGPIMCRK FGPICP DCVW [CPI FKUGDWV NKPIIC -GP &GFGUŒ MCVC /CTKCPC DGDGTCRC UCCVFCP [QPK #MCP VGVCRK FK %CPFK 5KPIJCUCTK MGOWFKCP ő#RCMCJ MCTGPC FK VGORCV KPJCP[CPCORCM[QPKP[CUCLCVCPRCNKPIIC KRGTPCJFKVGOWMCPRCVWPI-GP&GFGU!Œ -GVKMC MG NWCT NCIK 0CPQ OGPWFKPI ő6GRCVŒ 0CPQ OGPLGNCUMCP ő&K VGORCVJKCUCPMGRCNC-CNCRCFCDCIKCPCVCUECPFK KPK OGOCPI FKVGOWMCP RWNC UGDWCJ ő/GPWTWV ECVCVCP -CNC CFCNCJ RGP RCVWPI YCPKVC ECPVKM /WPIMKP UGMCNK KVWLGNOCCP 5[KYC FCNCO CICOC *KPFWŒWLCTP[C OGPKTWMCP ECVCVCP FCNCO DTQUWTVGPVCPI %CPFK 5KPIJCUCTK [CPI FKDCECP[Cő5GNCKP KVW RCFC ECPFK KPK LWIC VGTFCRCV 8QLW 6HQLGDQ%XGD\D
190 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs.CFCNCJ -GP FGFGU -GP &GFGU KVW KDWP[C VGPVW DKUC OGODCPIWP ECPFK UGKPFCJUKCRCUKJ!Œ %CPFK5KPIJCUCTK;CVKFCM!ŒWLCT0CPQ ő#PWUCRCVK 5WFCJ LCPICP DGTNCICM LCFK ő;C [CŒ UCJWV /CTKCPC OGPFQTQPIRCM IWTWŒ UGPVCM /CTKCPC MGUCN .CIKNCIK DCJW 0CPQ -CTGPC VGTVCTKM QNGJ VKPIMCJ0CPQ VGTIGNCM ő2CVWPI -GP &GFGU KVW NCMWRCTCYKUCVCYCPKVW0CPQFCPMCYCPFKUGDWVRWNCFGPICPPCOC2TCLPCRCTCOKVC MCYCPOGPIKMWVKOGTGMC#TVKP[C &GYK -GDKLCMUCPCCPŒ UCODWPI0CPQMGOWFKCP &K CPVCTC TQODQPICP KVW CFC UGQTCPI RGOCPFW YKUCVC 5GQTCPI RGOWFC [CPI ő5GMCTCPI RCVWPI KVW FK OCPC! *KNCPI VCJW DCP[CM VGPVCPI ECPFK KVW MGRCFCLWIC!ŒUGNC#PVQP2TK[CVPC TQODQPICPP[C -CFCPIMCFCPI FGPICP DCJCUC +PFQPGUKC MCFCPIMCFCPI FGPICP ő#TEC [CPI KPFCJ KVW MKPK FKUKORCP FK DCJCUC+PIITKU/WUKWO0CUKQPCN,CMCTVCŒ /CTKCPC OGORGTJCVKMCP VKPIMCJ NCMW ő9CJ WPVWPI VKFCM KMWV NGP[CRŒ MCVC RGOCPFW YKUCVC KVW &CNCO CPICPCPICP/CTKCPCNGIC KC OGODC[CPIMCP DGVCRC OGPICU[KMMCP OGPLCFK UGQTCPI RGOCPFW YKUCVC 5G ő#TEC KVW DKUC FKMCVCMCP UGDCICK JCUKN OGPVCTC KVW VWTKU DTGYQM OGORGTJCVKMCPUGPK [CPI UCPICV KPFCJ 7MKTWMKTCPP[C 0CPQ FCP MCYCPMCYCP -GOWFKCP KCDCIWUFCPJCNWUŒMCVC0CPQ OGPICVCMCP UGUWCVW FCNCO DCJCUC +PIITKU RCFC UK RGOCPFW YKUCVC 2GOWFC KVW ő&CTK OCPC MCOW VCJW! #RC MCOW OGPICPIIWMCPIIWM 5GVGNCJ KVW KC OGPIUWFCJRGTPCJOGNKJCVP[C!ŒVCP[C/CTKCPC JCORKTK0CPQFCPMGFWCVGOCPP[C ő-CVCP[CŒ LCYCD 0CPQ ő-CVCP[C KVW ő$CRCM KVW KPIKP DGTHQVQ FGPICP MCNKCPDGTCTVK CMW DGNWO RGTPCJ OGNKJCV FGPICP FCP VGOCPVGOCP -CVCP[C WPVWM MGPCPIOCVCMGRCNCUGPFKTK,GNCU!Œ0CPQDGTRWTC MGPCPICP [CPI CMCP FKDCYCP[C MGODCNKRWTCOGNQVQV MG PGIGTKP[C -CNKCP OCW DWMCP!Œ MCVC RGOCPFW YKUCVC UCODKN OGPWPLWM UK VWTKU ő*GJGJG ŗŒ /CTKCPC FCP #PVQP VGT 0CPQ OGPQNGJ RCFC /CTKCPC FCP #PVQPMGMGJOGNKJCVNCICM0CPQ FCPOGP[GPIKTNWEW -GVKIC UCJCDCV KVW OGPWTWPK VCPIIC ő0CJ MGKPIKPCPOW VGTMCDWNŒ MCVCECPFK /GTGMC OGP[CMUKMCP TGTWPVWJCP /CTKCPC 0CPQ VGTMGMGJ 5CODKN OGOCPCTEC [CPI FKVCVC TCRK FK JCNCOCP UGDGNCJ FCPI RGOCPFW YKUCVC KC OGPLCYCDDCTCV&KUGDWVTGTWPVWJCPMCTGPCCTECCTEC ő$QNGJŒDCVW [CPI VGTFCRCV FK UKVW UWFCJ VKFCMWVWJNCIK#FC[CPIMGRCNCP[CJKNCPI ő#[QŒCLCMRGOCPFWYKUCVC ő6WTKU FCTK OCPC OGTGMC!Œ 6CP[C $GDGTCRC MCNK VGTFGPICT /CTKCPC OG #PVQPPIGNWJ /GP[C[CPIMCP MGCFCCP RCVWPI ő$GNIKCŒRCVWPI RWTDCMCNC [CPI OGPICPFWPI UG #PCMCPCM FKRQVTGV FWC MCNK 2GTVCOCLCTCJKVW FGPICP FWC QTCPI VGOCP VWTKU DTGYQM FK FGRCP DKNKM WVCOC ECPFK -GFWC OGTGMC &CTK RKPVW IGTDCPI PCORCM UG DGTUCOC UK VWTKU DTGYQM FK FGRCP TGNWPITQODQPICP YKUCVCYCP OCUWM /GTGMC WVCTC2GOCPFWYKUCVC[CPIOGOQVTGVLWIC OCW OGNKJCV ECPFK 6KIC QTCPI FK ő0CJ UGVGNCJ KPK DGTCTVK MKVC CMCPCPVCTC CPIIQVC TQODQPICP KVW VWTKU CUKPI UCORCKFK$GNIKCŒMCVC0CPQUGWUCKFKHQVQDGTMWNKVRWVKJ6WTKUCUKPI[CPIDTGYQMVCM ő6CRK HQVQP[C UCLCŒ UCJWV #PVQP VGTJGPVKJGPVKP[C OGPLGRTGVMCP MCOGTCP[C IGNCMMG CTCJ ECPFK 0CPQ OGPICOCVK IGTCM ő6JCPM [QW VJCPM [QWŒ MCVC 2CMIGTKM VWTKU KVW -GOWFKCP UCODKN OGPQNGJ $TGYQM OGPIWECRMCP VGTKOC MCUKJ UCODKNRCFC MGFWC VGOCPP[C KC DGTMCVC ő;WM OGPGRWMPGRWMDCJW0CPQMKVCOKPVCFKHQVQ[WMŒ ő6GPIMKWMGODCNKŒUCJWV0CPQFGPICP ő*WUUŒ UGPVCM /CTKCPC ő5GRGTVK QTCPI NCICM[CPIOGODWCVQTCPIVGTVCYCIGNKDGNWO RGTPCJ FKRQVTGV UCLC 2GTIKNCJUGPFKTKŒ UCODWPI #PVQP UCODKN VGTVCYCő#MW [CMKP QTCPI KVW VGTJGTCPJGTCPOGNKJCV ECPFK 0GPGM OQ[CPIP[C DGNWO8QLW 6HQLGDQ%XGD\D
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs. 191 ő#[Q CJŒ CLCM /CTKCPC UGVGNCJ RWCU ő$CPI 1NQP! 2GTCPVCTC [CPI UGNCNW DGTECPFC FGPICP DCRCM VWTKU FCP RG OGőP;ICGTŒGEQMKPGPGMOW!ŒVCP[C#PVQPNCIK OCPFWYKUCVCP[C $CPI 1NQP FCP NCMKNCMK MCYCPP[C -GOWFKCP MGVKIC UCJCDCV KVW OGPWTWPK OGNGYCVK CPCMCPCM 0COWP KC VKFCM OG VCPIIC ECPFK 0CPQ OGNCODCKMCP VCPICP PIGPCNK 0CPQ +VW DKUC FKOCMNWOK MCTGPC RCFC 2CM $TGYQM [CPI VGTP[CVC UGPCPI RGTLWORCCPP[C FGPICP 0CPQ FK TWOCJ DGTECPFCKVW 0GPGM 2CTVK UGVGNCJ MGTKDWVCP KVW JCP[C DGTNCPIUWPIUGMKNCU ő5WFCJEWMWRMCP!ŒVCP[C#PVQP#PCM KVW OGPFQPICM OGOCPFCPI MG CTCJ /CTKCPC JGPFCM OGPGTWUMCP RGTLCNCPCP OCVCJCTK [CPI JCORKT OGNGYCVK ICTKU MGNWCTECPFK0COWP0CPQOGPCJCPP[C VGPICJECMTCYCNC ő6WPIIW#PŒ ő;CC[QRWNCPIŒCLCM/CTKCPC ő#RC [CPI CMCP MCW NCMWMCP!Œ VCP[C 0CPQ OGPICPIIWM /GTGMC VGPICJ /CTKCPCDGTDCNKM DGTLCNCPMGCTCJRKPVWIGTDCPIMGVKMCVKDC 0CPQ VKFCM OGPLCYCD &KCLCMP[C MGFWC VKDC 0CPQ OGPCJCP NGPICP VGOCPVGOCP VGOCPP[C DGTFKTK FK VGORCV [CPI VGFWJ P[C 2CPFCPICP 0CPQ VGTVWLW RCFC FWC 5GOGPVCTC KVW RCPFCPICPP[C VKFCM VGT QTCPI NCMKNCMK [CPI DCTW OGNGYCVK RKPVW NGRCUNGRCUOGORGTJCVKMCP$CPI1NQP RCICTECPFKMGFWCP[COGPGPVGPIJGNO ő#FCCRC0Q!ŒVCP[C#PVQP &YKCPVQ5GV[CYCP6TKQPC-CUWU.WMKUCP%CPFK ő$CPI1NQPŒ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ő-GVKIC UCJCDCV KVW OGPWTWPK VCPIIC ECPFK /GTGMC OGP[CMUKMCP TGTWPVWJCP CTEC [CPI FKVCVC TCRK FK JCNCOCP UGDGNCJ DCTCV &KUGDWV TGTWPVWJCP MCTGPC CTECCTEC DCVW [CPI VGTFCRCV FK UKVW UWFCJ VKFCM WVWJNCIK#FC[CPIMGRCNCP[CJKNCPIŒ %QPVQJ MWVKRCP FK CVCU OGPIIWPCMCP UWFWV RCPFCPI QTCPI MGVKIC VGTDCVCU&KMCVCMCP OGPIIWPCMCP UWFWV RCPFCPI QTCPI MGVKIC VGTDCVCU MCTGPC RGPWNKU CVCWPCTCVQT JCP[C OGPEGTKVCMCP CVCW OGNCRQTMCP UGUWCVW [CPI FKCNCOK CVCW FKNCMWMCPVQMQJUCLC 8QLW 6HQLGDQ%XGD\D
192 Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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
Bahasa Indonesia Jendela Ilmu Pengetahuan Kelas VII SMP/MTs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