Flipp Book Class-7

Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions: a. What do you mean by ICT? b. What does ICT include? c. What do you mean by computer network? Write any two characteristics of computer network. d. Why do you use distributor in network? e. What are the services of internet? f. Write the requirements of services of internet. g. Why do we follow cyber ethics? h. What may happen, if we don't follow the cyber ethics? i. Write any three cyber ethics. j. Why is Cyber Law necessary? k. Write short note about LAN l. What is WAN? m. What do you mean by search engine? Analytical Case Study Questions : 1. Study the following picture : a. To send the new e-mail, which option will you click? b. In which folder do you click to delete messages? 2. Mandakini opened her gmail account and read messages. Finally she closed this gmail application without signing out. What may happen in this situation ? Smart Computer Science Book-7 45

3. Answer the questions through the given picture? a. Where do you type the em ail address ? b. How would you send image in e-mail ? c. What does 'A' this option represent ? When do you use this ? d. How would you send the document in e-mail ? 4. Ram Avatar Yadav has to prepare the project report on the topic solar system: a. How would you suggest him to collect the information ? b. Which application is better to find the information ? 5. Sumi has to send an invitation to her friends and relatives on the occasion of her birthday party celebration. Her mother wants to send the invitation through the courier but she is willing to send it through e-mail . a. Which method would you suggest to send the invitation ? b. Why do you prefer this method ? 6. Mohit's father has brought the computer at home. He is willing to connect the in- ternet: a. How does Mohit's father connect the internet ? b. What would you suggest to Moiht's family about ethical issues for surfing the internet ? 46 Tools of ICT & Usages

Activities 47 1. Visit your computer Lab and Perform the follow- ing task : a. Find the devices used for network and internet connection. b. Draw the Network Architecture. 2. Mange your class in three groups and organize the chart paper presentation on the following topics: a. Computer Network b. Internet and Its services c. Computer Ethics and Legal issues Project Work 1. Prepare the complete individual project report that you performed in the activities class. The report should include: a. Text b. Image c. Illustration figure d. Videos clip e. Digital Presentation Lab Activities 1. Create your own mail account and perform the following task: a. Send the message to each other: The mes- sage should includes: Plain text message, document, pictures, videos, etc. b. Receive the message sent by your friend c. Delete unnecessary message. Smart Computer Science Book-7

5Computer Virus & Remedy CHAPTER Minu : Hi Anu, Now days i'm feel- ing my computer is going to slow in performance This chapter includes: and some times getting un- • Introduction of Com- puter Virus wanted message and dis- • Causes of Virus turb to work . What can be Spread • Prevention of Com- the problem ? puter Virus Anu : I think your computer can • Antivirus Software be infected by virus. Minu : Oh ! is it biological virus like infect us ? Anu : No, It it is a kind of comput- er program. It is created by computer program to destruct the computer intensionally. Minu : Oh my god ! How did it infect my computer ? Is there any tech- nique to cure it ? Anu : Generally it infects with use of pirated software, internet, ex- change storage media like pen drive. Now, you have to scan your computer using latest antivirus software to cure it . INTRODUCTION A virus is a harmful computer program designed by a computer programmer to do a certain unwanted function. The virus program can be simply annoying like displaying messages on the user's screen at a certain time. It can also be very destructive and damage your computer's programs and files causing 48 Computer Virus & Remedy

the computer to stop working. Computer virus program enters into the com- puter system by attaching itself to another program and then spread itself across the system. There are different types of comput- er viruses: A virus takes two basic forms. One is a boot sector viruses which infect the section of a disk that is first read by the computer. This type of virus infects the boot or master section of disks that it comes in contact with. The second is a program virus that infects other programs when the infected program is run or executed. Some viruses infect both and others change themselves depending on the programs they encounter. CAUSES OF VIRUS SPREAD Computer virus infections can spread from machine to machine. There rare dif- ferent type of causes to spread computer virus. Some of the main causes are: a. Booting a PC from an infected medium. b. Executing an infected program. c. Opening an infected file. d. Exchange storage media e. Spam E-mail attachments. f. Use of pirated software. HARMS CAUSED BY COMPUTER VIRUS a. Some viruses damage or delete important files and information from the disk. b. They can harm the system files of the computer causing the system to crash and stop to working. c. They can make the compute to become slow. d. They can replicate themselves to fill the memory leaving no space for other programs to be loaded. e. Sometimes they show the unwanted messages, causing disturbance to the user working on the computer. f. They can modify the created date and time of the file name. g. Disk can suddenly access without any reason. h. They rename files and folder. Smart Computer Science Book-7 49

PREVENTION OF COMPUTER VIRUS Once computer virus attacks to your computer; It is very difficult to cure them. So, prevention is better than cure. A computer virus can be prevented in the following ways: a. We need to be aware ourselves b. Always use legal computer programs. c. Scanning any new file before opening it. d. Regular checking with latest antivirus software. ANTIVIRUS SOFTWARE Anti-virus software is a program or set of programs that are designed to prevent, search, detect, and re- move computer virus programs, and other malicious software like worms, trojans, adware, and more. So, antivirus software is very much useful that we have to install and update regularly to save our com- puter from being infected by com- puter virus software. AVAST, AVG, QUICK HEAL, McAfee, Norton are well known antivirus software. You can download the antivirus software form the internet. HOW TO INSTALL ANTIVIRUS PROGRAM If your computer does not have an antivirus program installed and running, it is highly recommended that you install any one antivirus program. Here, it is taught you how to install AVG antivirus . Lets Follow the following steps . Steps to Follow Step-1 : Click the internet browser Step-2 : Type www.avg.vom Step-3 : You get the home page of AVG website as given below: Wehn you start, you may get the different home page. Time to time company changes the style of page. Don't worry about it 50 Computer Virus & Remedy

Step-4 : Find the downloaded file on your computer. If the downloaded file is a zip file, unzip the file to extract and access the installation files. Look for a file named setup.exe, install.exe, or something similar, then double-click that file. In the installation process window, follow the steps provided to install. Step-5 : When the install process is complete, close out of the install window. After being installed, you may also receive a prompt to update the antivirus program. UPDATE THE ANTIVIRUS PROGRAM AFTER INSTALLATION After installing the antivirus program, it is highly recommend that you updated it with the latest virus and spyware definitions. The updates will allow the an- tivirus program to protect your computer from all viruses and spyware. By default, most antivirus programs enable the automatic update features. It is strongly recommended that automatic updates be enabled so that your antivirus program stays up-to-date at all times. To check if automatic updates are enabled in your antivirus program, follow the general steps below. Smart Computer Science Book-7 51

Steps to Follow : Step-1 : Open the antivirus program. Step-2 : Look for a Settings or Advanced Settings button or link on the antivirus program window. If you do not see either option, look for an option like Updates or something similar. In this window, simply Update option is given. Step-3 : In the Settings or Updates window, look for an option like Automatically download and apply updates. It may also refer to virus definitions instead of updates. Step-4 : For the automatic updates option, checked mark the box for that option, if not already checked. Step-5 : Click the Save or Apply button to save the settings change. If not available, click the Close button. How to Scan Computer Step-1 : Open the antivirus program. Step-2 : Find the Scan but- ton and click it. Step-3 : Clicking the but- ton should begin the process. Step-4 : Although you may 52 Computer Virus & Remedy

have other options before the scan begins, including the option for both a quick and full scan. A quick scan searches the most common areas attacked by viruses and takes less time than the full option. However, a full scan is a better choice to run first as it ensures the program checks all possible places on your computer for viruses. Step-5 : After completing a scan the antivirus program displays the results of the scan and any detected viruses. If the program has not already done so, it should ask if you want to proceed with removing the viruses or if they should be quarantined. Points to Know • A virus is a harmful computer program designed by a computer programmer to do a certain unwanted function. • Computer virus can be very destructive and damage your computer's programs and files causing the computer to stop working. • A virus takes two basic forms; one is a boot sector viruses and then second is a program virus. • Anti-virus software is a program or set of programs that are designed to prevent, search, detect, and remove computer virus programs, and other malicious software. • AVAST, AVG, QUICK HEAL, McAfee, Norton are popular antivirus software. Terms to Know Polymorphic : Automatic changeable and replication in nature. Pirated Software : The unauthorized copying of software. Malicious Software : Software used to disrupt computer operation. Worms : A worm is a self-replicating program that does not alter files but resides in active memory and duplicates itself. Trojans : Non-self-replicating type of malware program containing mali- cious code. Adware : A small program to display advertisements on your computer and redirect your search requests to advertising . Smart Computer Science Book-7 53

Worksheet Objective Questions 1. Fill in the blanks: a. Virus is a .................................... computer program. b. ..................... ...................... virus infects boot or master section of disks. c. ............................. .................................. infects other programs when the in- fected program runs. d. Viruses ......................... important files and program from the disk. e. Virus can .............................. themselves to fill the memory. f. .......................... .............................. is a program that are designed to pre- vent computer virus. 2. State whether following statements are true or false: a. Computer virus is a destructive and annoying computer program. b. Computer virus enters into the computer system by attaching itself. c. Virus can spread by exchanging storage media. d. Computer virus makes the computer become faster. e. Antivirus software needs to update regularly to safe computing. f. Computer virus does not infect the system file. Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions: a. What do you mean by computer virus? b. Why is computer virus designed? c. How does computer virus enter into the compute system? d. Differentiate between boot sector virus and Program virus. e. Write any three causes of virus spread. f. Write any three harms caused by computer virus. g. How do you prevent computer virus? h. What is anti virus software? 54 Computer Virus & Remedy

Analytical Case Study Questions : 1. Jigme Sherpa noticed some unexpected behavior of his computer after switching on the computer: He saw unusual error messages and feels slow in computing performance a. What may happen in the Jigme's Computer? b. What may be found other such behavior of this case ? c. How do you suggest to stop such behavior ? 2. Ritu Rai feels her computer is infected by a computer virus. Her teacher suggested that she should install special types of software to cure and stop from infection. a. What may the special type of software be? b. What may other such behavior of this case be ? c. How do you suggest to stop such behavior ? Activities 1. Visit your computer Lab or (in home computer) and Perform the following task : a. Find the antivirus installed in the computer or . b. Update the anti virus definition. c. If the anti virus is not installed, download the free version of antivirus, install and update. 2. Mange your class in two groups and organize the chart paper presentation on the following topics: a. Computer Virus b. Anti Virus Project Work 1. Gangaram's father gets his computer is infected by virus. Now, prepare the Complete individual project report with interview in following questions: a. Why didn't he take care before infected? b. How did he know computer was infected ? c. What is his plan to clean up the virus ? Finally, Your project report should be fruitful for public to know about : Computer Virus and Antivirus Software Smart Computer Science Book-7 55

6More on Operating System CHAPTER Minu : It's interesting ! how are all the devices guided to work as like human organs work This chapter includes: ? • Introduction of Oper- ating System Anu : Yes! The order of work is guided by the operating • Types of Operating System. System. Minu : Oh ! Beside of this what • Basic Function of OS • More on Windows does operating system do ? Anu : It creates the working en- vironment in the computer. All the hardware as well as other software are controlled by Operating System. Minu : Wow ! It means, OS is to be started first to work. Anu : Yes, When we switch on, OS is loaded and make computer ready to work. It can be compared with air port, bus park, etc. It creates a system to work in the computer. INTRODUCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM An operating system is a program that allows us to interact with the computer. The hardware of the computer Keyboard, mouse, CPU, Memory, Monitor, Printers do not work without an operating system. It is also needed to run the software installed in the computer. Wndows, DOS(Disk Operating System), UNIX and Linux are commonly used operating system. The operating system is basically classified into two types in the basis of user interface of operating 56 More on Operating System

system: i) CUI (Character user interface) ii) GUI (Graphical User Interface) Character User Interface : A character user interface(CUI) or command-line interface (CLI) is a mechanism for interacting with a computer operating sys- tem software by typing commands to perform specific tasks. We issue com- mands to the program in the form of successive lines of text in the character user interface. MS-DOS(Micro-Soft Disk Operating System), UNIX, LINUX are example of character user interface operating system software. Graphical User Interface: It is a mechanism for interacting with a computer operating system software. It allows a computer user to interact easily with the computer typically by making choices from menus or groups of icons us- ing mouse pointer. It also allows users to click and drag objects with a mouse instead of entering text at a command line. Two of the most popular operating systems, Windows and the Mac OS, are GUI-based. FUNCTIONS OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM The basic functions of an operating system are: a. Booting the computer b. Performs basic computer tasks such as managing input output operation. c. Provides a user interface, e.g. command line, graphical user interface (GUI) d. Handles system resources such as computer's memory and sharing of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) time by various applications or hardware e. Provides file management which refers to the way that the operating system manipu- lates, stores, retrieves and saves data. MORE ON WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM File A file is a collection of information that is stored on a computer under a single name. A file can be text document, a picture, a program, video and so on. File typically has three letter file name extension that helps to indicate the file type, for example: MS-word file is doc, Paint file is bmp, Excel file is xls, audio file is mp3, etc. When open, a file can look very much like a text document or a picture that you might find on someone's disk or in a filing cabinet. On your computer, files are represented with icons; this makes it easy to recognize a Smart Computer Science Book-7 57

type of file by looking at its icon. Here are some common file icons. Now, Lets discuss, how to create a file: Steps to Follow Step-1 : Open any application program such as Mi- cro-soft Office Word. Step-2 : Type Text about your school. Step-3 : Save your document in Desktop by giving name 'Our School'. Notice that MS-Word automatically add doc extension. Folder A folder is a container which we can use to store files. If you had thousands of paper files on your desk, it would be nearly impossible to find any particular file when you needed it. That's why people often store paper files in folders inside a filing cabinet. On your computer, folders work the same way. Here are some typical folder icons. Folders can also store other folders. A folder within a folder is usually called a sub folder. You can create any number of sub folders, and each can hold any number of files and additional sub folders. Lets create a folder in the computer. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click right Mouse on the desktop. Step-2 : Select 'New' from context menu. Step-3 : Select 'Folder' Option from the sub op- tion of 'New'. Step-4 : Type the Folder name such as 'My School'. Step-5 : Press 'Enter' or click once outside it. Access Libraries Libraries are collection of items such as files and folders, assembled from vari- ous locations. The location might be on your computer, an external hard drive, or someone else's computer. Libraries can be used to access your files and fold- ers, and arrange them in different ways. It is a new feature of Windows 7. Here's a list of the four default libraries and what they're typically used for: Documents 58 More on Operating System

library, Pictures library, Music library and Videos library . To Access the Libraries Window, do the following: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click the 'Start' button. Step-2 : Click your user name (which opens your personal folder), Step-3 : Click on 'Libraries' folder in the navigation pane. Step-4 : You get the Libraries Windows as given. Create a New Library Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click the Start button. Step-2 : Click your user name (which opens your personal fold- er), and then, in the left pane, click Libraries. Step-3 : In Libraries, on the tool bar, click New library. Step-4 : Type a name for the library, and then press Enter. INCLUDE FOLDERS IN A LIBRARY A library gathers content from various folders. We can include folders from different locations in the same library, and then view and arrange the files in those folders as one collection. For example, if you keep some of your pic- tures on an external hard drive, you can include a folder from that hard drive in your Pictures library, and then access that folder's files in your Pictures Library whenever the hard drive is connected to your computer. To include a folder from your com- puter in a library Step-1 : Click the Start button, and then click your user name. Step-2 : Find the folder that you want to in- clude. Step-3 : Right-click the folder. Smart Computer Science Book-7 59

Step-4 : Point to Include in library, and then select Library name and click Tricks & TIPS Folders from removable media devices (such as CDs and DVDs) and some USB flash drives can't be included in a library. To remove a folder from a library When you no longer need to monitor a folder in a library, you can remove it. When you remove a folder from a library, the folder and its contents are not delet- ed from their original location. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Open Libraries window. Step-2 : Click Right Mouse button on the Li- brary folder that you want delete. Step-3 : Select the 'Delete' option Arrange the Items of Library Arrange items by folder, date, and other properties. Items in a library can be arranged by menu, located in the library pane (above the file list) in any open library. For example, you can arrange your Music library by Artist to quickly find a song by a particular artist. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Open Libraries window. Step-2 : Open a Library Folder where you want to arrange the items. Step-3 : Click Right Mouse button on the Library folder that you want delete Step-4 : Select the 'Delete' option. 60 More on Operating System

Lab Activities 1. Now, practice the following tasks in the basis of what you have learned in this session: a. Create a folder in Desktop as naming 'MY DOCUMENT'. b. Include this Folder under the Document Library. And Open the Library window and check your folder is in 'Document Library' or not. c. Create a text document using MS-Word and type name list of friends of your class and save your document in the folder which you have created 'MY DOCUMENT' in the Desktop. d. Now, open the Library window, and access the 'DOCUMENT' Li- brary and check your text document file is existing or not. If yes, open it and modify something, then save it. e. Create a new Library naming with 'MY MUSIC VIDEO'. f. Collect all the music video files under a new folder name 'MY SONGS'. g. Include this 'My SONGS' folder in the library 'MY MUSIC VIDEO'. h. Arrange all the items of 'MY SONGS' folder from 'MY MUSIC VID- EO' library. i. Now, Move Your folder 'MY DOCUMENT' from the 'DOCUMENT' Library. and check it is existing in the desktop or not. If it is existing, again place it under the same Library. Smart Computer Science Book-7 61

Review Knowledge 1. Answer the following questions: a. What is file? Ans:................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... b. How many characters are there in extension name of file? Ans:.............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... c. What does the file name extension indicate? Ans:.............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... d. What is a folder? Why do you use it? Ans:.............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... e. What do you mean by sub folder? Ans:.............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... f. What do you mean by library? Why is it useful? Ans:.............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 62 More on Operating System

SELECTION TECHNIQUE Selection technique refers to select items basically files and folders before performing any task. It is used for managing files and folders in the disk such as copy, delete, move, open, etc. You have to select the items in the GUI (Graphical User Interface) environment operating. When you select item, it will be highlighted. Basically, there are two types of selection techniques: i) Single item selection ii) Multiple items selection: Now, let's practice how to select items in different techniques: i) Selection of single items: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Just click once. ii) Select Multiple items Continuously. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click on the first item and drag till last item to select items continuously. You get as given following sample selec- tions. Step-2 : Here 'Bacheleswor' folder to 'KINS' four continuous items are selected. iii) Select group of items randomly Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Hold down the Ctrl key. Step-2 : Click on item one by one which you like to select Step-3 : Here Skype, PROTECT CD , Class-5 final such items are selected. Show or hide common icons on the desktop You can choose to display common Windows features on your desktop, such as Computer, Network, Control Panel, User's Files and Recycle Bin. Follow these steps to add shortcuts to your desktop: Smart Computer Science Book-7 63

i) To hide Common Icons of Windows Desktop: Steps to Follow for Windows 7: Step-1 : Click Right Mouse on desk- top. You get context menu. Step-2 : Click to open Personaliza- tion. Step-3 : In the left pane, click Change desktop icons. Step-4 : Under Desktop Icons, se- lect the check box for each icon that you want it to ap- pear on the desktop. Clear the check box for icons that you don't want it to appear, and then click OK. Steps to Follow for Windows 10: Step-1 : Click Right Mouse button on the desktop. Step-2 : Click Personalization. Step-3 : Click Themes. Step-4 : Click Desktop icons Setting. SEARCHING FILES AND FOLDER Searching refer to find the file or folder that we forget the location of files or file name. So, if location or file name is forgotten, we have to use searching technique to find it. Windows provides several ways to find files and folders. You can use different methods for different situations. To find a program or file by using the search box on the Start menu Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click on 'Start' button. Step-2 : Type the part of name in 'Search program and files' text box. Step-3 : Press Enter key. 64 More on Operating System

Step-4 : Now, you get your possible files having the part of file. File Explorer File Explorer is a feature of windows which is used to see the content of each drive and folder in your computer. You can also use this feature to mange the files and folders in your computer. Lets look, how do we access the Windows explorer. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click 'Start' button. Step-2 : Find by typing 'File Explore' in search box, then double click Step-3 : Click the File Explorer Icon Step-4 : You get File explorer dialog box. Step-5 : Now,you can mange your files and folders from the Windows explorer win- dows. Fast Access a. Just click the This PC icon from the desktop to explorer the File Explorer. b. You can click the File explorer icons from the task bar, if it is pinned on the task bar Smart Computer Science Book-7 65

SEE PROPERTIES OF FILE AND FOLDER: Properties of files and folders refer to the details about a file, such as author names or the date when a file was last modified, location of the file, file size, etc. Let's know how to get the proper- ties of files or folder, do the following: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Right Mouse click on any file or folder that you want see the properties. Step-2 : Select and click once 'Properties' option. Step-3 : Now, you get the properties win- dows as given. See the Disk Properties: Disk properties refer to the free space available, used space, capacity of disk, etc. To see the properties of the disk do the following: Step-1 : Open by double click This com- puter folder from the desktop. Step-2 : Right mouse click on disk drive. Step-3 : Now, you get the properties window as given. TASK MANAGER Task Manager displays the programs, processes, and services that are cur- rently running on your computer. We can use Task Manager to monitor computer’s performance or to close a program that's not responding or hanged the computer. If a program on your 66 More on Operating System

computer stops responding, Windows will try to find the problem and fix it au- tomatically. If you don't want to wait, you can end the program yourself by using Task Manager. Using Task Man- ager to end a program yourself might be faster than waiting, but any un- saved changes will be lost. If you have important work that you want to keep, wait a few minutes and let Windows try to fix the problem first. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Right click on Task Bar. You get context menu. Step-2 : Click on 'Task Manager' Manag- er. You get the task bar window Step-3 : Select the non-responding by clicking. Step-4 : Click 'End' button. Smart Computer Science Book-7 67

Lab Activities 1. Now, practice the following tasks in the basis of you have learned in pre- vious Lab session: a. Select the multiple object sequentially and include in Library'. b. Create a Library and Select Multiple object randomly and send into created new Library. c. Check the properties of different types of files. d. Check the properties of different disk drives. e. Check your task manager and find how many programs are running in your com- puter. Now, try to close some program from this Task Manager. Review Knowledge 1. Answer the following questions: a. What is a file? Ans:................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... b. Why do you use Task Manager? Ans:................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... c. What do you get in disk properties. Ans:................................................................................................................... 68 More on Operating System

.......................................................................................................................... d. What do you get in files and folder properties? Ans:............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... e. Why do you use Windows Explorer? Ans:.............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... f. Write the name of common desktop items of Windows. Ans:.............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... g. When do you use random selection technique? Ans:............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... h. When do you use continues selection? Ans:............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... Smart Computer Science Book-7 69

Points to Know • An operating system is a program that allows us to interact with the com- puter. • A character user interface(CUI) or command-line interface (CLI) is a mecha- nism for interacting with a computer operating system software by typing commands to perform specific task. • Graphical User Interface (GUI) is a mechanism for interacting with a com- puter operating system software which allows a computer user to interact easily with the computer typically by making choices from menus or groups of icons using mouse pointer. • A file is collection of information that is stored on a computer under a single name. File typically have three letter file name extension that helps to indi- cate the file type • A folder is a container which you can use to store files. Folders can also store other folders. A folder within a folder is usually called a sub folder. • Libraries are collection of items such as files and folders, assembled from various locations. • Libraries are used to access your files and folders, and arrange them. • Selection technique refers to select items in the windows basically files and folders before performing any task. • Windows Explorer is used to see the content of each drive and folder in your computer and also use this feature to mange the files and folders in your computer. • Files properties are names or the date when a file was last modified, location of the file, file size, etc. • Disk properties includes free space available, used space, capacity of disk, etc. • Task Manager displays the programs, processes, and services that are cur- rently running on your computer. 70 More on Operating System

Terms to Know Operating System : Automatic changeable and replication in nature. Window : A separate viewing area of a GUI operating system. Windows : A GUI Operating System developed by Micro-soft. Command : An order or instruction give to the computer to perform a task. Interface : A set of commands or menus through which a user communi- cates with a program. Booting : Start up the computer . Peripheral Device : Physical components of computer. Extension Name : Name appears at the end of the file name followed by a period. Icon : A small picture that represents an object or program. Accessories : Built in programs with windows operating system. Task Manager : A valuable tool that is packed with features that can help you use and troubleshoot the operating system. Spyware : Software that can install itself or run on your computer without providing you with adequate notice, consent, or control. Worksheet Objective Questions 1. Fill in the blanks: a. Computer hardware does not work without ............................. ....................... .................................... b. GUI allows us to ............................ and ................................. object. c. We issues .................................. in the form of text in CLI. d. .................................. start up the computer. e. .......................... is a collection of information. f. Excel file has ....................... extension. g. A........................ is a container which we can use to store files. Smart Computer Science Book-7 71

h. ............................. are collection of items such as files and folders. i. ................................... of files and folders refers to the details information. j. ................. .................... displays the programs, procedures and services that are currently running. 2. State whether following statements are true or false: a. Libraries is a new features of Windows 7. b. There are five types of default Libraries in Libraries Window. c. We can include folders from only same location. d. Folders from removable storage media can be included in a Library. e. Searching refers to find the deleted file. f. Windows Explorer is used to mange the files and folders. g. Task manger can be used to see the computer's performance. h. An operating System allows us to intact with computer. i. MS-DOS is a GUI base operating system. j. Operating System is needed to run the software installed in the computer. 3. Write the full forms of: a. CPU ................................................. b. DOS........................................................ c. MS-DOS .......................................... d. CUI......................................................... e. GUI ................................................. f. CLI........................................................... Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions: a. What is the operating system? 72 More on Operating System

b. What do you mean by CUI? c. What do you mean by GUI? d. What do you mean by extension name of file? e. Why do you create folder? f. What is the Task Manager? g. Write the functions of operating system? Analytical Case Study Questions: 1. Niru has purchased a new Computer to be used at home. a. Which type of operating system should she install CUI or GUI ? b. Name the popular operating system that she should install ? 2. Lal Mohan Agrawal is not getting some of the common Desktop icons of Windows operating System: a. What do the common desktop icons include? b. How would you suggest Lalmohan to get back these icons ? 3. Tsring Dorze forgets his file name of his computer science project work. It is ur- gently needed submit to School. a. Which feature of operating system is used to get such file ? b. How would he proceed for this task ? 4. Class VII students are in the Computer Lab, They have to practice files and folder selection technique with mouse. a. In which OS they use this technique ? b. In which case this selection technique is needed ? c. If Sandhya has to copy some of the files and folders, which selection technique would she use? 5. Anirudra Sharma copied a music video and movies in the disk of D: drive. But his computer display message 'Insufficient disk space .' a. What would you suggest Anirudra to check the disk space ? b. How would he solve this insufficient disk space problem ? Smart Computer Science Book-7 73

6. Anti Chaudhary is having slow performance and not responding the program of her computer: a. What could be the cause of this slow performance problem ? b. What would you suggest to solve this problem ? c. In the case of not responding any program, what would you suggest Anti to solve it ? Lab Activities 1. Now, practice the following tasks in the basis of what you have learned in this chapter: a. Find the operating system in your School's computer Lab and at home. b. Find the common desktop setting icons. If it is not available, get back in the desk- top. c. Open the task Manager and check the recently running programs and their status. d. Try to search your own files and program . e. Manage your own files and folders in the Library. 74 More on Operating System

7More on Word processing CHAPTER Minu : I am confused about add- ing more spacing among the lines or paragraphs. This chapter includes: Anu : Oh! Don't confuse, such • Creating, editing and functions are included in Formatting document. the paragraph formatting . • Quick Access Tool bar Minu : How to mange frequently • Find/Replace and Auto Features. used command for easily • Insert Feature. accessing? Anu : Such commands can be placed in the quick access Tool bar. Minu : Oh my god! I made a spell- ing mistake in whole 20 pages of document, is there any tech- nique to solve it in a single click? Anu : Yes, Just you have to use find word and replace with correct word. MICROSOFT OFFICE WORD Micro soft Office Word is the word processing software which comes in the Micro soft office package. It is released with new interface and many more additional features in the comparison to the previous version. It is developed by Micro-Soft Company. It allows us to create variety of professional-look- ing documents using varieties of new features such as themes, styles, and SmartArt. Smart Computer Science Book-7 75

INTERFACE OF MICRO SOFT OFFICE WORD When you start MS-Office Word, you get the first screen with varieties of components called MS-Office Word Interface. Lets discuss one by one: Quick Access Tool Bar Title Bar Horizontal Ruler Ribbon Windows Control Vertical Scroll Bar Horizontal Bar Document Information Text Area Status Bar View Buttons Zoom Tools Office button Office button has replaced the place of 'File' menu of earlier version and above Office 7. It contains basic command such as 'New', 'Open', 'Save', 'Print', etc. Quick Access Toolbar The Quick Access Toolbar is a customizable toolbar that contains a set of commands. You can move the Quick Access Toolbar from one of the two pos- sible locations that are below ribbon or above the ribbon. You can add more command in the Quick Access Toolbar. Ribbon The Ribbon, which is a part of the Microsoft Office called Fluent user interface, is designed to help you quickly find the commands that you need to complete a task. Commands are organized in logical groups that are collected together 76 More on Word processing

under tabs. To reduce screen jumble/clutter, some tabs are shown only when they are needed. When the Ribbon is minimized, you see only the tabs. CREATING A NEW DOCUMENT Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click on 'Office' button' in Office 7 and above version Click the 'File' menu. Step-2 : Click on 'New'. Step-3 : Select 'Blank Document'. Step-4 : Click on 'Create'. Step-5 : Now, you get new document. Step-6 : Start to type the article about 'Animal' and write name of any 10 animals. FORMATTING DOCUMENT Formatting document refers to change the appearance of document in desire format. There are varieties of formatting features such as i) Character format- ting ii) Paragraph Formatting iii) Page Formatting. Character Formatting: It is applied to a single character, word, sentence or a line of text, without affecting the entire current paragraph. Character format- ting includes bold, italic, underline, font, size, color, superscript, subscript, scaling, animation effects, change case, etc. You get this features in 'Font' group of 'Home' tab. Steps to follow: Step-1 : Click on 'Home' Tab from the ribbon. Step-2 : Highlight the text in which you apply the formatting. Step-3 : Find the 'Font' group. Step-4 : Select the desired Formatting options and change their pa- rameters. Step-5 : You can activate Font dialog box by clicking on 'Flyer' button of 'Font Smart Computer Science Book-7 77

Group' and change a lot of character formatting parameters. PARAGRAPH FORMATTING Paragraph formatting is a change of the format of text that affects the com- plete paragraph. You get the parameters includes in paragraph formatting in Paragraph dialog box as well as 'Paragraph' group of 'Home' tab in the rib- bon. It includes, line spacing, paragraph spacing, indenting, alignment, etc. Steps to follow: Step-1 : Click on 'Home' Tab from the ribbon. Step-2 : Highlight the text in which you apply the formatting. Step-3 : Find the 'Paragraph' group. Step-4 : Select the desire Formatting options and change their pa- rameters. Step-5 : You can activate Paragraph dialog box by clicking on 'Flyer' button of 'Paragraph Group' and change a lot of paragraph formatting parameters as you like. Step-6 : Click on 'Ok' button. TO SAVE A NEW DOCU- MENT Saving a document refers to keep your document safely for future use in the disk of the computer. Once document is saved, we can open and use it. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click on 'Office' button or File menu Step-2 : Click on 'Save' option Step-3 : You get 'Save As' dialog box. 78 More on Word processing

Step-4 : Find the disk drive and folder where your file is saved. Step-5 : Select the 'Save Type' of document. Step-6 : Type the file name. Step-7 : Click on 'Save' button. SAVE AN EXISTING DOCU- MENT IN NEW NAME. Steps to Follow: Sep-1 : Click on 'Office' button. Step-2 : Click on 'Save As' option. Step-3 : You get 'Save As' dialog box. Step-4 : Find the disk drive and folder where your file is saved. Step-5 : Type the new file name and lick on 'Save' button. Lab Activities 79 1. Prepare the given document: a. Format the document with suitable formatting parameters of character formatting and Page formatting. b. Save your document with suitable name. c. Save your document with new name. Smart Computer Science Book-7

Rampati Chaudhary Triuga-Gaighat Date : Friday, 27th Mangsir, 2076 Sukadev Chaudhary Duty Manager Department of Personal Bhurka Group of Companies Jaljale, Udayapur Subject: Requesting for an extended leave due to family emergency. Dear Mr. Chaudhary, This is to humbly inform you that due to a family emergency I was unable to come to my work today. I was informed last night that a family member has taken ill and I am required to look after the family while he is admitted in the hospital. I request that I be permitted to avail my leave until (mention the ex- pected date of resuming work). I also wish to inform you that the work assigned to me has been completed and accounted for. I hope that anyone can substitute for me while I'm away. I apologize for the inconvenience caused and shall gladly make up for my pending billable hours. Please kindly feel free to contact me in case of any work-related doubts and problems. Thank You ! Yours sincerely (Signature) 80 More on Word processing

Review Knowledge 1. Answer the following questions: a. Which command do you use to create a new document? Ans: .................................................................................................................. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... b. Which command do you use to make a copy of an existing document? Ans: ................................................................................................................. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... c. What do you mean by formatting document? Ans: .................................................................................................................. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... d. Differentiate between character formatting and paragraph formatting. Ans: .................................................................................................................. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... Smart Computer Science Book-7 81

ADD ITEMS IN QUICK ACCESS TOOL BAR Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click on drop down button of 'Quick Ac- cess Tool Bar'. Step-2 : Right Mouse Click on the 'Quick Access tool bar'. Step-3 : Click on 'Customize Quick Access Tool bar'. Step-4 : You get 'Customize' option is highlighted and opening. Step-5 : Choose 'New' command and click on 'Add' button. Step-6 : Click on 'Reset' button. Step-7 : Finally, Click on 'OK' button. REMOVE ITEMS FORM QUICK ACCESS TOLL BAR Step-1 : Right Mouse click desire icon from 'Quick Access Tool Bar' which you have added. 82 More on Word processing

Step-2 : Click on 'Remove from Quick Access Tool Bar'. Step-3 : Now, your item is removed. SELECTION TECHNIQUE In Microsoft Office Word, you can select text or items using the mouse or the keyboard. You can also select text or items that are in different places. For example, you can select a paragraph on one page and a sentence on a dif- ferent page. Some of the common text selection technique are as follow: Type of selection Technique/command Any amount of text Click where you want to begin the selection, hold down the left mouse button, and then drag the pointer over the text that you want to select. Whole word Double click with the word or drag the mouse pointer over the Whole-paragraph word Several words or lines Triple-click with the paragraph Entire Document Drag the mouse pointer over the words, or hold down SHIFT and Random selection press arrow key Choose Editing=>Select=>Select All Or Press Ctrl+A Hold down the SHIFT+Ctrl and place the Mouse pointer in desire position and drag the mouse and release. Again move the mouse pointer in the new place and drag the mouse and release. In this way you can repeat it. CURSOR MOVEMENT TECHNIQUE Moving the cursor with the mouse can be fast and easy. However, touch- typists often find that moving the cursor with the keyboard is more convenient and sometimes faster too. Most Ms-Word users know at least a few basic tricks for moving around in a document. Smart Computer Science Book-7 83

Keys combination Movement Home Beginning of the line End End of Line Ctrl+Home Top of the Document Ctrl+Home Ctrl+End End of the Document Page up Move the cursor up one page Page Down Move the cursor down one page Up Arrow Move the cursor up one line Down Arrow Move the cursor down one line Left Arrow Move the cursor left one character Right Arrow Move the cursor right one character Lab Activities 1. Natasha and Rohim are assigned a task by their teacher to add items such as 'Open', 'New', 'Paragraph' and 'Insert Picture from File' to the quick access tool bar and also they should practice how to remove these items from there. Now, to do these work, what they have to do? 2. Write 2 pages article about 'The Computer'. 3. Practice the different types of text selection procedure such as whole word, paragraph, several words, or line and entire document. 4. Practice the different types of cursor movement technique. 84 More on Word processing

Review Knowledge 1. Answer the following questions: a. What is 'Quick Access Tool Bar? Where do you find it? Ans:…………………………………………………………………………………… ………….…………………………………………………………………………… ……………………….......................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... b. How do you select Whole paragraph? Ans:…………………………………………………………………………………… ………….…………………………………………………………………………… ……………….................................................................................................... c. How do you make random selection? Ans:…………………………………………………………………………………… ………….…………………………………………………………………………… ………………..................................................................................................... d. How do you move your cursor in the top and end of the document? Ans:…………………………………………………………………………………………… ….…………………………………………………………………………………………… ……….......................................................................................................................... e. How do you move your items from Quick Access Tool bar? Ans:…………………………………………………………………………………………… ….…………………………………………………………………………………………….. ..................................................................................................................................... Smart Computer Science Book-7 85

CLIPBOARD The Microsoft Office Clipboard allows you to copy and move multiple text and graphical items from Office documents or other programs and paste them into another Office document or another place of same document. The Office Clipboard works with the standard Copy, Cut and Paste commands. Just copy or cut an item, Office Clipboard adds it to your Clipboard collection, and then paste it from the Office Clipboard into any Office document at any time. It can hold maximum 24 items. The collected items stay on the Office Clipboard until you exit all Office programs or you delete the items from the Clipboard task pane. For Copy and Paste: It allows us to make duplicate copy of selected items in new location. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Type an article about the 'Fathers day' Step-2 : High light a text you wish to copy Step-3 : Click 'Copy' option from 'Clipboard' group of 'Home' tab. Now, your selected item is collected in 'Clipboard' as given in picture. Step-4 : Place your mouse pointer in new location. Step-5 : Click 'Paste' option from 'Clipboard' group of 'Home' tab. You also get same copy in previous location. For Cut and Paste: It allows us to move selected item in new location. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : High light a text you wish to copy Step-2 : Click 'Cut' option from 'Clipboard' group of 'Home' tab. Now, your selected item is collected in 'Clipboard' as given in picture. Step-3 : Place your mouse pointer in new location. 86 More on Word processing

Step-4 : Click 'Paste' option from 'Clipboard' group of 'Home' tab. Step-5 : Now, selected items move in new location. Now, you won't get in previous location. MOVING/DRAGGING TEXT Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Highlight the text which you want to drag move. Step-2 : Click on it and Drag on the new place and release the mouse pointer. FOR DELETING Steps to Follow: Step-1 : To delete a continuous portion of the text, you have to highlight text and press 'Del' key from the keyboard or Right Mouse Click => Cut. Step-2 : To delete left of the character you use 'Back Space' key. Step-3 : To delete right of the character you use 'Del' key. FIND AND REPLACE Microsoft Office Word allows us to find and replace text, formatting, para- graph marks, page breaks , and other items. You can quickly search for every occurrence of a specific word or phrase using this feature. You can extend your search by using wildcards to find words or phrases that contain specific letters or combinations of letters. Find Words in the document Steps to Follow: Step-1 : From 'Editing' group of 'Home' tab click on 'Find' drop down button and select 'Find'. or Press F5 you get Smart Computer Science Book-7 87

the following dialog box. Step-2 : Type the word which you want to find in 'Find what' text box. Step-3 : Click on 'Find Next' button for every event. Step-4 : You notice; typed word is found one within your document. Find Words and replace by another word Steps to Follow: Step-1 : From 'Editing' group of 'Home' menu click on 'Find' drop down button and select 'Find'. Step-2 : Select 'Replace' tab from the 'Find and Replace' dialog box. Step-3 : Type the word which you want to find in 'Find what' text box. Step-4 : Type word which you want replace with in 'Replace with' text box. Step-5 : Click the 'Replace All'. 88 More on Word processing

Lab Activities 1. Natasha has a terrible habit, she always forgets to type 'o' alphabet in the word Computer . She has been assigned a work to type a paragraph about 'Computer'. She has typed as follows: Let's look there is missing 'o' alphabet in the word Computer. Now you have to find the word 'cmputer' and replace with 'Com- puter'. To perform this task what does she do? Cmputer Cmputer is an electronic data processing machine which is derived by human intelligence. Cmputer always accepts our data, processes them and gives output result. So, it works in the basis of principal of input, processes and output. Cmputer also stores data and infor- mation permanently for the future use. It is very useful machine. Now a days, Cmputer are using everywhere of our activities of such as education, medical, Fashion design, Science and technology, etc. 2. Format your document with formatting parameters. 3. Make duplicate copy of this paragraph at the end of document. Review Knowledge 1. Answer the following questions: a. What is the clipboard? Ans:…………………………………………………………………………………… ………….…………………………………………………………………………… ……………………….......................................................................................... b. Differentiate between 'Copy and Cut'? Smart Computer Science Book-7 89

Ans:…………………………………………………………………………………… ………….…………………………………………………………………………… ……………………….......................................................................................... c. When do you use 'Paste' command? Ans:…………………………………………………………………………………… ………….…………………………………………………………………………… ……………………….......................................................................................... d. What do you mean by moving text? In how much way can you move text in word document? Ans:…………………………………………………………………………………… ………….…………………………………………………………………………… ……………………….......................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... e. How can you delete continuous position of the text? Ans:…………………………………………………………………………………… ………….…………………………………………………………………………… ……………………….......................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... f. When do you use 'Find and Replace' feature ? Ans:…………………………………………………………………………………… ………….…………………………………………………………………………… ……………………….......................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... 90 More on Word processing

CHANGE THE MARGINS, ORIENTATION Page margins are the blank spaces around the edges of the page. In general, you insert text and graph- ics in the printable area among the margins. However, you can position some items in the margins such as headers, footers, and page numbers. You can choose either portrait (verti- cal) or landscape (horizontal) orienta- tion for all or part of your document. To set the margins, do the following: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Select 'Page Layout' tab. Step-2 : Click on drop down arrow of 'Margin' option. Step-3 : Click on 'Custom Margin'. You get the page setup dialog box. Step-4 : Click on 'Margin' tab. Step-5 : Set the margin value in Top, Bottom, Left and right. Step-6 : Select the orientation 'Portrait'. CHANGE THE PAPER SIZE AND SOURCE Many printers have upper and lower trays that contain different sizes of pa- per. Matching a form to a paper source ensures that your files are always printed on the correct paper size when you select the form within a program. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : In the Page Setup dialog box, click the Paper tab. Step-2 : Under Paper source and Size, select source and size of paper. APPLY BORDER AND SHADING In Microsoft Office Word borders can add to various parts of your document. You can add borders to pages, text, tables and table cells, graphic objects, and pictures. Smart Computer Science Book-7 91

You can add a border to all sides of each page in a document, to pages in a section, to the first page only, or to all pages except the first. You can add page borders in many line styles and colors, as well as a variety of graphical borders. Set page border follow do the following steps: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click 'Design' tab. Step-2 : Click 'Page Border' from 'Page Background' group. You get the given dialog box. Step-3 : Select the border setting from 'Setting' panel. Step-4 : Make Changes other parameters such as 'Style', 'Color', 'Width, 'Art', 'Apply to..'etc. Step-5 : Set the margins of borders by clicking the 'Option' button. Step-6 : Click the 'Ok' from option dialog box. Finally, Click the 'Ok' form Borders and Shading dialog box Apply the Paragraph border and shading Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Select the both paragraph 92 More on Word processing

Step-2 : Click on 'Home'. tab Step-3 : Click the drop down option of 'Borders from 'Paragraph' group, the click the 'Borders and Shading' option. You get page border dialog box. Step-4 : Click 'Borders' tab from the dialog box as given. Step-5 : Select 'Setting' from Setting panel. Step-6 : Change other parameters such as 'Style', 'Color', 'Width' of line. Step-7 : Click the 'Option'. Step-8 : Change the value Top and Bottom 0 and Left and Right 0.1'in the option dialog box Step-9 : Click on 'Ok' from option dialog box Step-10 : Click on 'Shading' tab from the dialog box. Step-11 : Select the 'Fill' color Step-12 : Finally Click 'Ok' button. INDENTATION AND SPACING OF PARAGRAPH Indentation determines the distance of the paragraph from either the left or the right margin. Within the margins, you can increase or decrease the inden- Smart Computer Science Book-7 93

tation of a paragraph or group of paragraphs. You can also create a negative indent (also known as an outdent), which pulls the paragraph out toward the left margin. You can also create a hanging indent, in which the first line of the paragraph is not indented, but subsequent lines are indented. Spacing refers the blank spaces between tow or more than tow lines and paragraph. We can set these spacing as we like . Now, lets look how to set the spacing and indention in the document. Steps to Follow Step-1 : Select the text. Step-2 : Click the 'Page Lout' and find the 'Paragraph' group. Step-3 : Now, you can set left and right indention of the para- graph, and spacing before and after of the paragraph. Step-4 : Click on 'Flyer' menu of 'Paragraph' group. You get 'Paragraph' dialog box. Step-5 : Now, From the dialog box, you can set, first line in- dent, hanging indent using special drop down menu of paragraph dialog box. Step-6 : You can set line spacing us- ing 'Line Spacing' drop down menu. Step-7 : you can set paragraph spacing using 'Spacing' Before/After option. Step-8 : Finally click 'Ok' button form the dialog box 94 More on Word processing