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SAVING THE PROCEDURE Whenever procedure is written, it is stored temporarily in the tempo- rary memory. So, you need to save the procedure in the secondary memory, so you can use in future. The ‘Save’ command is used to save the procedure. To save a procedure follow the following steps: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click the 'File' menu bar. Step-2 : Click the 'Save As' in the drop down menu. The 'Save As' dialog box appears. Step-3 : Select the loca- tion to save and type the file name. Step-4 : Click the 'Save' button. CORRECTING A PROCEDURE Suppose you want to make some changes in the procedure ‘SQUARE’. Then, the ‘EDIT’ command is used for this purpose. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click the 'Edit' option from 'File' menu. You get the given 'Edit Procedure' dialog box. Step-2 : Select the name of procedure to edit from the dialog box. Step-3 : Click the 'Ok' button. Step-4 : you get the Editor window of your procedure. Step-5 : Make the necessary changes. Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 145

Step-6 : Now, Save the procedure, by clicking 'Save' option from the file menu.. Step-7 : Close the editor and run the procedure. DELETE A PROCEDURE If you want to delete a saved procedure SQUARE from the second- ary memory use ‘ERASE’ Command. But it is necessary to load the procedure to erase. If it is not loaded, load the procedure first and follow the following steps: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click the 'Erase' option from the 'File' menu. You get the 'Erase' procedure dialog box. Step-2 : Select the procedure name to erase. Step-3 : Click the 'Ok' button. LOADING A PROCEDURE When you close the LOGO procedure, it re- moves from the computer memory (RAM). If you want get back and use again, use LOAD command. Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Click the 'Load' option from the 'File' menu. You get the open dialog box. Step-2 : Find the location where you had saved your procedure file. Step-3 : Select the file. Step-4 : Click the 'Open' button from the dialog box. Page More on Logo Programming 146

VIEWING LIST OF PROCEDURES The POTS command is used to display the list of procedures. POTS stand for Print Out Titles. The newest created procedure is will be listed at top and the oldest at bottom of the screen. If you have for- gotten the titles of the procedures defined in LOGO you can see their list using this command. Example : POTS Points to Know • A set of commands or instructions in LOGO with a name is called pro- cedure. • A procedure should have the three parts Title, Body End • LOAD command is used to load the procedure in the computer memory. • ERASE command is used to delete the procedure name. • EDIT command is used to make some changes in the procedure. • SAVE command is used to save a procedure. • POTS command is used to display list of procedures. • The procedure can be written in two ways: Using the Input Box and Us- ing Editor Window • The REPEAT command is used to repeat a same command for given number times. Terms to Know Procedure : Set of commands with name. Delete : A command which allows to erase . Edit : Make changes in the previously written. Input Box : A box allows to supply commands. Editor Window : Window allows to make changes in the written instruction of procedure. Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 147

Worksheet Objective Questions 1. Fill in the blanks: a. ....................... indicates name of procedure. b. .......................... indicates set of commands. c. A procedure is a set of .............................. d. The name of procedure should not be any LOGO ................... e. ........................ command reduces the number of lines of commands. f. ............................. command is used to to get user input dialog box to create a procedure. g. ............................. command is used to get Editor window to create a procedure. h. The ............................ command is used to display the list of procedures. i. The .............................. command is used to repeat a same command for given number times. 2. State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). a. POTS stands for Print Out Titles. b. DELETE command is used to erase procedure from the memory. c. The name of procedure supports LOGO commands. d. The procedure name should not have any blank spaces. e. The first character of procedure name should always be letter. f. Arithmetic operators can not be included in the name of procedure. Page More on Logo Programming 148

3. Fill in the blanks of following table Polygon No. of sides Angle Turn Triangle .................. .............................................. Square .................. .............................................. Pentagon .................. .............................................. Hexagon .................. .............................................. Octagon .................. .............................................. Decagon .................. .............................................. Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions: a. What is LOGO procedure? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... b. Why do you create LOGO procedure? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... c. Write the parts of LOGO procedure. Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... d. What should be the name of procedure? Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 149

Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... e. Why do you use REPEAT command? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... f. What is the advantage to save the procedure? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... g. What do you mean by editing procedure? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... Analytical Case Study Questions : 1. Champak Sunuwar has written the following code one by one in com- mander: FD 90 RT 90 FD 90 RT 90 Page More on Logo Programming 150

FD 90 RT 90 FD 90 RT 90 a. Now Chamka is interested to treat these codes in a single name, Which techniques Champak should use for this ? b. What will be the list of code after giving a single name ? c. For What purpose this program has been written 2. Harkalal Pandit has created many procedures for different tasks, now he gets confuse due to a lot of unnecessary procedures. a. How can Harkalal display the list of all the existing procedures ? b. How do you suggest Harkalal Pandit to remove unnecessary procedures from the computer ? 3. Ram Pukar had created a procedure but he found some thing to be changed . a. Which technique should be used by Ram Pukar for this task ? b. After editing the procedure, What would Ram Pukar do to keep the edited procedure for future use ? 4. Bhurka Chaudhary has written the following code:. TO TRIANGLE FD 140 RT 120 FD 140 RT 120 FD 140 RT 120 END a. Suggest to Bhurka, Is there any technique to reduce the code dramatically ? b. For what purpose has this program written by Bhurka ? Smart Page Computer Science Book-5 151

Lab Project-1 1. Write the procedure to draw the following objects: a. b c. d. e. f. Page More on Logo Programming 152

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