Flipp Book Class 3 online

Approved by Curriculum Development Centre (CDC) , Sanothimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal Smart Computer Science Book-3 Author Prabhu Ram Khadka M. Sc. IT (SMU), B. Ed. (TU) Memorica Pvt. Ltd. Publishers & Distributors Maitidevi, Katmandu

Book : Smart Computer Science Book-3 Author : Prabhu Ram Khadka Language Editors : Sharan Ratna Sthapit Shivahari Sapkota Publisher : Memorica Pvt. Ltd. Maitidevi, Kathmandu Ph: 01-4438703 Edition : 1st 2076B.S. (2020 AD) Copyright : All rights reserved with the author ISBN : 978-9937-9382-7-3 Price : NRs. 227.00/- For suggestion and advice please contact at [email protected] Cell : 9841816625, 9813303490 (Viber/Messenger) https://www.facebook.com/prabhuram.khadka.9 URL: www.memoricapublication.com

About this Book Creative Computer Science is a graded series of Eight textbooks prepared for class 1 to 8. This series of book is comprehensively designed on the basis of guide lines and syllabi designed by Government of Nepal, Ministry of education, Curriculum development centre. Beginning with the very basic concept of computer, the series gradually introduces more advanced aspects of computing concept, skill and software to students as they go to higher classes. It attempts to include latest software required for the daily work- ing. I hope, this series shall be helpful in the overall development of the learners. Salient features • Step by step simple technique and tools. • Simple vocabulary and language. • Practical approach based • Worksheet based. • Logical analysis and case study base for enhancing creative- ness. • Activity based. • Project work based. Although I’ve tried my best no to do any mistake as far as possible, some errors may have crept in without noticing. If so that I’d like to request the respected teachers to correct the mistakes for the students. Comments and constructive suggestions from students, teachers and well wishers are always welcome. Constructive advice will be incorporated in the next edition. I duly thank duo of Mr. Sharan Ratna Sthapit and Mr. Shivahari Sapkota for their contribu- tion on editing of language through out the series of books. My hearty thanks go to Mr. Bidhan Khadka for his effort of bringing my work accom- plished. Prabhu Ram Khadka The Author

TABLE OF CONTENTS Ch. Title Pg. no. 1. Introduction of Computer 1-12 2. Parts of Computer 13-36 3. Keyboard Typing 37-61 4. Basic Working Principle 62-72 5. Basics of Operating System 73-88 6. More Fun with Tux Paint 89-111 7. Step by Step Instruction & Flowchart 112-125 8. Programming with Logo 126-156

CHAPTER 1 I Cntroduction of omputer Lakpa : Hello, Mr. Computer ! How do you work ? Computer : I need electricity to work. I help you to enter data, process, store and give output result. Lakpa : Do you need my help for any work? Computer : I am a machine. I can’t work myself. I need your instruction to work. INTRODUCTION The computer is an electronic machine capable to perform fast and accurate work. It uses electricity to work. Computer can understand the instructions in the form of electric signals. So, it is called electronic machine. It is made up of different devices that help to enter data, process, store them and give output results. Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 1

Let's see the main parts of the computer system. Output Process & Store Input ENTERING DATA Ram Shyam Data refers to any raw information Hari or individual facts like your name, address, telephone number, subject marks, etc. Data is entered using input devices like keyboard, mouse, etc. Entering data into the computer is called input data. Here three persons' names have been typed and input into the computer. Page Introduction of Computer 2

PROCESSING DATA Performing any action such 10 +5 ? as calculating or comparing Is data is called processing. Data 5>10 processing is performed in the CPU (Central Processing Unit). If you want to add, subtract, multiply or compare numbers, say 10 and 5, then you should enter the numbers throughout the keyboard and give the instruction to perform the desired action. The computer will process and give the results as per your instruction. STORING DATA Computer has large amount I of storage capacity. The data am entered into the computer is Hard disk stored into the primary memory temporarily. RAM (Random Access Memory) is a temporary memory. When the instruction is given to save data that is stored permanently in secondary storage device. Secondary storage devices are hard disk, pen derive, CD, DVD, etc . Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 3

OUTPUT 10 + 5=15 Is The result produced by the 5>10 ? computer after processing the data is called output. No In this picture, showing '15' is processing output result. And 'No' is another processing output result of comparison . There are two types of output. Soft copy output : Things displayed on the screen of the monitor is called the soft copy output. Hard copy output : The printed information in the paper using a printer called hard copy of the output. After giving print instruction, the printer prints the information in paper. INSTRUCTION Computer needs your help to perform the action. You must give instruction to the computer, then computer works. Computer can understand the instructions in the form of electric signals. Do you know what is meant by instruction? Instruction is an order to work. For example a person is driving a bus. He Page Introduction of Computer 4

stops the bus when the traffic signal turns red. He starts again when the signal turns green. It means the driver must understand the traffic signals and drive. Similarly, the computer also understands the instructions in the form of electric signals, then it works. Points to Know • The computer is an electronic machine capable of performing fast and accurate work. • Computer is made up of different devices that help to enter data, process, store them and give output results. • Data refers to any information or individual facts like your name, address, telephone number, subject marks, etc. • Data is entered using input devices and entering data into the computer is called input data. • Performing any action such as calculating or comparing data is called processing. • The data entered into the computer is stored into the primary memory temporarily. • After giving the save instruction, data is stored permanently in secondary storage device. • The result produced by the computer after processing the data is called output. • Computer can understand the instructions in the form of electric signals. So, it is called electronic machine. Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 5

Terms to Know Electronic : Object work with electric currents. Device : An object that has been made for a particular work. Data : Individual facts like name, address, telephone number, etc. Input : Data and instruction entered into the computer. Process : Prepare result in the computer. Output : Produced result by the computer. Raw information : Unprocessed computer data. Memory : Physical device capable of storing information, Hard copy output : Printed on paper, Soft copy output : Visual display in monitor. Worksheet Objective Questions Output 1. Fill in the blanks with suitable Words: Keyboard Instruction RAM Processing Primary Data Electronic a. A computer is an .............................. machine capable to perform fast and accurate work. b. ........................... refers to any raw information and individual facts. c. Calculating and computing data is called ........................... . d. The data entered into the computer is stored into the ..................... memory temporarily. Page Introduction of Computer 6

e. ..................... is an example of primary memory. f. The result produced by the computer after processing data is called ................................ . g. You must give .......................... for the computer to work. h. ........................ is an input device of computer. 2. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements: a. Computer uses electricity to work. b. Entering data into the computer is called input data. c. Computer will process and give the result as your instruction. d. Computer stores data temporarily only. e. RAM is the permanent memory. f. Hard disk is the primary memory. g. Pen drive is a secondary storage memory. h. Result displayed on monitor is called soft copy. i. Printed information in paper using printer is called hard copy output. j. Computer can understand the instructions in the form of electronic signals. Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 7

3. Tick the correct answer : a. Hard copy output device: ii) Monitor i) Printer iv) All of these iii) Paper Print ii) Monitor b. Soft copy output device: iv) All of these i) Printer iii) Paper Print ii) CD/DVD iv) All of these c. Secondary storage: i) Hard disk ii) RAM iii) Memory card iv) All of these d. Primary memory: ii) Temporary storage i) CPU iv) None of these iii) Pen drive ii) Input device e. Hard disk is a : iv) None of these i) Permanent storage iii) Both of (i) and (ii) ii) Input device iv) Processing f. Mouse is a : i) Output device iii) Storage device g. Computer is made up : i) Output device iii) Storage device v) All of these Page Introduction of Computer 8

4. Write the full form of : a. RAM : ............................................................................. b. CPU : ............................................................................. Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions: a. Why is the computer called an electronic machine? Ans: .................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ........................................................................................... b. What do you mean by data? Ans: ................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 9

c What do you mean by processing data? Ans: ................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... d. When does computer store data permanently? Ans: ................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... e. When is data stored temporarily in the computer? Ans: .................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... Page Introduction of Computer 10

f. What do you mean by output? Ans: ................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... g. What do you mean by soft copy output? Ans: ................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... h. What do you mean by hard copy output? Ans: .................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 11

i. How does computer work? Ans: ................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... Analytical Case Study Questions : 1. Ram Bhagat has typed some raw data and instruction, Such as 2+2, 4*7 and gets result 4 and 28. a. Which one is raw data ? b. Which one is instructions? c. How does computer give such result? 2. Sandhya Tripathi has typed a name list of her classmates . a. During the typing , where is the typed information stored? b. If Sandhya is eager to store name list permanently for future use, what should she do? c. If Sandhya is interested to get the name list in paper, how will she get? Page Introduction of Computer 12

P CCHAPTER 2 arts of omputer PARTS OF COMPUTER The basic parts of computer are the computer casing, monitor, keyboard, mouse, and power supply. Each part plays important role whenever you use computer. Let's learn more about them. KEYBOARD Lakpa : Are you playing musical keyboard ? Bhurka : No, no, this is the computer keyboard, it is called input device. I am typing a letter to my friend. Keyboard is an input device of the computer which consists of a number of keys. We can type by pressing keys on the keyboard to enter data. Through the keyboard you can type number, alphabets, names, address, special symbols etc. for further processing. Thus keyboard is a medium through which data is entered into the computer. Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 13

MONITOR Lakpa : Hi Jigme, what is this ? Is this new television ? Jigme : Ha, ha, ha! This is a new computer monitor. Does it remind you of a Television ? Lakpa : Yes, it looks like the television of my home. The Computer screen is called monitor. It is the most essential part of the computer. It is called soft copy output device of the computer. It displays entered raw information and results prepared by computer. You can also watch movies and cartoon on the monitor. MOUSE Lakpa : Hello, Mr. Pauroti! What is this? Why are you going to slap him ? Pauroti : This is a mouse ! Lakpa : He is trying to bite you, so, are you giving him slap? Pauroti : No ! No ! I am getting happy. It is a Page Parts of Computer 14

computer mouse. Using this, I can draw pictures, paint in pictures and drawing, point and open thighs by clicking on it. Computer mouse is an input device. It is also called pointing device. It is connected by a cable to the computer. It helps us point things on the computer monitor, run a program and pull down the menu. A mouse may have two or three buttons. The important functions of mouse are: Clicking Click means gently press the left mouse button once and release it. Normally, it is done to select an item or pull down the menu. Right click Right click means press the right mouse button. Normally, this button is clicked to display the menu of the commands. When you right click on any icon, it displays context menu. Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 15

Double Click To double click, gently press the left mouse button twice within a short period of time and release. Normally, it is done to run a program. Drag and Drop This method is used to move an item from one position to another on the monitor using a computer mouse. We must follow the right steps to perform the drag and drop. Steps to Follow: Step 1 : Point the mouse to any item on the monitor and press and hold the left mouse button. Step 2 : Holding the mouse button, drag the mouse to the position where you want the item to be placed. Step 3 : Release the mouse button. In this example, 'New Text Document. Txt' file is dragging and dropping in the New folder. Page Parts of Computer 16

PRINTER Lakpa : Mr. Computer, I want to print this photograph of Motu. Can I use this printer? Computer : No, Lakpa. This is a dot matrix printer. It will not give you good quality for printing a photograph. Lakpa : Which printer should I use Mr. Computer ? Computer : You should use a Laser printer or ink jet printer. Printer is an output device. It is also called the hardcopy output device. It is used to take printouts on the paper. Many types of printers are available with different sizes, speeds and qualities. Dot-matrix, ink jet and laser printers are the common printers. Dot-Matrix printers print low in quality but Laser and Ink Jet printers print better in quality. Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 17

SPEAKER Lakpa : Hello, Mr. Computer, I have to listen to music. Which device should I use for this purpose? Computer : Wow, this the matter! Let's see, this is my device to listen to music, called speaker. You can plug into me and you can listen to music. Speakers are soft copy output devices used to listen to sound effects and music from the computer. It can be of different shapes and sizes. Some are in-built and some are plugged into a computer. Head Phone is also used to listen to music through the computer. Some head phone has a microphone. The microphone is an input device. It is used to input voice into the computer. Page Parts of Computer 18

JOYSTICK Lakpa : Hey, Mr. Computer ! When I play games with you, I get very difficult in using keyboard. Computer : No problem about it. I have special device to play game. Lakpa : Wow, it's nice! Tell me, please . Computer : It is a joystick. Let's see, Master Jagaltu is using Joystick. Joystick is an input device. It is also called pointing device. It is used to move cursor position on a screen. It works like a mouse. It is mainly used to play computer games. MEMORY Lakpa : We remember all the things by the brain. But how do you remember Mr. Computer? Computer : I have also got memory. Let's see, I have got these two Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 19

types of memory. They store and remember all the things. You can forget but I don't forget. Computer memory is the storage space in the computer. Just as things which you have seen, read or listen are stored in your brain, the computer also stores the information or data entered. As you remember which stored information in your brain, the information can also be recalled from the computer memory and can be changed or erased. There are two types of memory. a. Primary Memory b. Secondary Memory RAM (Random Access Memory) Hard disk Page Parts of Computer 20

CPU : Mr. Computer! We Lakpa have got brain which controls all our human body system and we can calculate and compare due to the brain. You also do it as we do, how is it possible? Computer : As you have got brain, I have also got a part called CPU which controls mine over all functions. It is like your brain. Let's see back to me, He is standing and laughing. He is very intelligent. Lakpa : Wow, so interesting Mr. Computer! Tell me more about your brain. Computer : No problem, if you are interested let's follow: Processing unit of the computer is called CPU (Central Processing Unit) . It controls all the functions of the computer. The CPU has two parts: Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 21

• ALU (Arithmetic and Logical Unit). 10+20 =? • CU (Control Unit) ALU(Arithmetic and Logical Unit) 30 Is 10>20 This part of the CPU performs all No the arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. ALU also does the logical operations, such as smaller than, greater than and equal to. CU (Control Unit) Let's see this scene. Here are no traffic police and traffic light signal. Every vehicle is trying to cross first and creating a traffic jam. The traffic policeman or traffic light signal controls the movement of vehicles and maintains order. Similarly, the Control Unit inside a computer controls the movement of information among the memory, ALU and other sections of the machine. Page Parts of Computer 22

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE Lakpa : We human beings are living things that’s why we can work by sense. Are you also liv- ing thing, Mr. Computer? Computer : I am not a living thing. I work on the ba- sis of your instruction. I need software to bring life to me and work. Lakpa : What is software? Is it your respiration system? Computer : Of course, yes, software is my respiration. It brings life to me. What I have to do one by one, it is set in the software. Hardware Hardware refers to that part of a computer which you can touch or feel and take from one place to another place physically. CPU, monitor, keyboard, Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 23

mouse, joystick are examples of hardware. Software Software refers to the set of commands or instructions given to the computer. You will learn about the software in the higher classes. It brings life to the computer and make active to work. Windows, Drawing for Children, Tux Paint, Logo program are examples software. MS-Paint Page Parts of Computer 24

Points to Know • Keyboard is an input device of the computer which consists of a number of keys. • Through the keyboard you can type numbers, alphabets, names, address, special symbols etc. for further processing. • The Computer screen is called monitor. It displays entered raw information and result of the task done by the computer. • Computer mouse is an input device that is also called pointing device. • Mouse helps us point things on the computer monitor, run a program and pull down the menu. • Printer is an output device that is also called hardcopy output device. It is used to take printouts and permanent documents in the paper. • Speakers are soft copy output device used to listen to sound effects and music from the computer. • Joystick is an input device which is also called pointing device. It is mainly used to play computer games. • The computer parts which is used to store information and data and get back when we need is called computer memory. • Processing unit of the computer is called CPU. It controls all the functions of the computer. • This part of the CPU performs all the arithmetic and logical operations. • Control Unit inside a computer controls the movement of information among the computer parts. • Hardware refers to that part of a computer which you can touch or feel and take from one place to another place physically. • Software refers to the set of commands or instructions given to a computer. • Software brings life to the computer and make active to work. Windows, Tux Paint, Logo program are examples of software. Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 25

Terms to Know Data : Raw information or individual facts like name, address, etc. Software : Set of instructions or commands . Input : Data or instruction entered into the computer. Output : Results produced by the computer . Process : Perform calculation and comparison then prepare result. Soft copy : Visual or audio results . Hard copy : Printed results in paper. Hardware : Physical parts of the computer. Memory : Storage device of the computer. Worksheet Objective Questions 1. Fill in the blanks with suitable Words: Processing Joystick Hard copy Input Monitor Pointing Laser Memory a. Keyboard is an ........................ device of the computer. b. The computer screen is called ............................ c. Computer mouse is also called ........................... device. d. Printer is a ............................. output device. e. ......................... printer print good in quality. f. ....................... works like a mouse. Page Parts of Computer 26

g. Computer ........................... is the storage space in the computer. h. ....................... unit of the computer is called CPU. 2. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements: a. Keyboard is used to enter data and instruction into the computer. b. Monitor is a hard copy output device. c. Dot matrix printer is high in quality of printing. d. The mouse may have two or three buttons. e. Speakers are soft copy output device. f. Head phone is used to listen to music from the computer. g. Joystick is mainly used to play computer games. h. Hard disk controls all the functions of the computer. i. ALU performs only additions and subtraction. j. Control unit controls the movement of the information among computer parts. k. Software refers to the set of commands or instructions given to the computer. Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 27

3. Write the full form of : a. CU : ............................................................................. b. CPU : ............................................................................. c. ALU : ............................................................................. d. RAM : ............................................................................. 4. Select the correct answer : a. Input device: ii) Mouse i) Keyboard iv) All of these iii) Joystick ii) Monitor b. Soft copy output device: iv) All of these i) Printer iii) Mouse ii) Monitor iv) All of these c. Hard copy output device: i) Printer ii) ALU iii) Mouse iv) All of these d. Processing device: ii) Hard disk i) CPU iv) All of these iii) CU e. Memory of computer: i) RAM iii) Both i) and ii) Page Parts of Computer 28

f. Calculation and comparison are done: i) ALU ii) CU iii) CPU iv) All of these g. Computer hardware : i) Keyboard ii) Mouse iii) Tux Paint iv) Both (i) and (ii) h. Computer software : i) Windows ii) Tux Paint iii) MS-Paint iv) All of these i. Hard disk is a : ii) Secondary memory i) Primary memory iv) None of these iii) Processing device j. RAM is a : i) Primary memory ii) Secondary memory iii) Processing device iv) None of these Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions: a. What do you mean by keyboard ? Ans: .................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 29

.......................................................................................... b. Why is mouse called the pointing device ? Ans: .................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... c. What do you mean by clicking ? Ans: .................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... d. What is the monitor? Ans: ................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... Page Parts of Computer 30

e. Why do you click the right mouse button? Ans: .................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... f. What do you mean by double click? Ans: .................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... g. What do you mean by drag and drop? Ans: .................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 31

h. Why do you use the speaker? Ans: .................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... i. What is the joystick? Ans: .................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... j. What is computer memory? Ans: .................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... Page Parts of Computer 32

.......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... k. What is the function of the CPU? Ans: .................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... l. What is hardware? Ans: .................................................................................. .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... m. What is software? Ans: .................................................................................. Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 33

.......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... Case study Analytical Questions : 1. Sundari Subba has prepared a colorful drawing on the Tuxpaint. a. Which printer would you suggest Sundari to print this drawing ? 2. Panorama Ghale works in the computer. She is interested to listen to music. She has got two devices to listen to music. i) Speaker ii) Headphone a. Which is the best option for Panorama Ghale to listen to music ? 3. Sukunda Gupta is working in the computer. She has got two input devices connected to computer. i) Keyboard ii) Mouse a. When would she use keyboard ? b. When would she use mouse ? Page Parts of Computer 34

4. Lakpa is using the computer after completing her homework. The mouse is also connected in her computer and she uses frequently. a. Why would she use the mouse? b. She has to move an item from one position to another position on the monitor. How would she perform this task ? c. Lakpa has to open the Tux paint program. Its shortcut icon available on the desktop, how would she open this program using the mouse? d. Sometimes, she has to display the context menu using the mouse, how would she do this task? e. Lakpa needs to select an item or pull down the menu using the mouse, how would she perform this task ? 5. Master Jagaltu sometimes plays games on the computer. But he gets uneasy and difficult to move the cursor position and clicking. Now, to solve this problem, which device would you suggest to Master Jagaltu? 6. Haku Ram Khadgi has prepared a project work. He is interested to store this work for the future reuse. Suggest to Haku Ram which is the best device to store? 7. Sandhya Lepcha has to explain about the 'Control unit works as traffic signals.' a. How would Sandhya Lepcha prove this statement ? Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 35

Activities 1. Visit your computer lab and perform the following task : a. Discuss in the class about 'computer parts'. 2. Arrange your class in three groups and or- ganize a chart paper presentation on the following topics: a. CPU (Central Processing Unit) b. Memory of Computer c. Hardware d. Software 3. Organise a debate competition in the class room on the topic of 'Software is more powerful than the hardware'. 4. Organise a speech competition in the class on the topic \"The rela- tionship between hardware and software is as like Tom and Jerry or Motu and Patlu.\" Project Work 1. Visit the computer lab and find out parts used in the computers and software. Write the use and function of each part. The proj- ect work report must be included with : a. Text b. Image c. Illustration figure Page Parts of Computer 36

CHAPTER Keyboard Typing 3 Lakpa : Hey, Mr. computer! Your keyboard is so confusiong. It has not alphabetical order A B C D. Computer : Oh! Don’t worry. It has the common standard arrangement QWERTY. You have to use the typing tutor software to learn keyboard typing. INTRODUCTION You know that keyboard is a basic input device of the computer which consists of number keys. Most of the keyboard keys are ar- ranged in QWERTY arrangements. If you do not know about every type of key, it is difficult to know the position of keys. So, let's learn about the important types of keys of the keyboard. TYPES OF KEYS There are different set of keys on the keyboard. • Number keys Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 37

• Alphabet keys • Function keys • Punctuation keys • Cursor keys • Symbol keys • Special keys Number Keys The keys which have numbers from 0 to 9 are called number keys. These keys are used to type numbers. There are two sets of number keys on a keyboard. One set of number keys are arranged above the alphabet keys. When you press on these keys, numbers start to display on the screen. Another set of number keys is arranged on the right hand side of the keyboard. To operate these keys, you have to get ‘on’ the Num Lock key. If your Num Luck key is ‘on’ , the indicator light start to glow. Page Keyboard Typing 38

Alphabet Keys Twenty six alphabet keys are arranged in the ‘QWERTY’ format. You can type both the capital letters and small letters using these keys with the help of ‘Shift’ and ‘Caps Lock’ key. By default, simply you type in the keyboard, you will get in the small letter. Use of Shift The Shift key is a keyboard modifier key that allows a user to type a single capital letter. You can see two shift keys on the keyboard, one is on the left hand side and another on the is right hand side. All the upper characters of a key can be typed with the help of Shift key. For example: if you want to type the symbol @, you have to hold down the ‘Shift’ key and press the key on which @ symbols is located. Using of ‘Caps Lock’ If you get ‘on’ ‘Caps Lock’ key, all the letters which you type appear in the capital Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 39

letters. To have ‘on’ the ‘Caps Lock’, press once the ‘Caps Lock’ key and ensure the indicator light is glowing. Again if you want to type in small letters, you have to make 'off' the ‘Caps Lock’. To make ‘off’ the ‘Caps Lock’, press once the ‘Caps Lock’ and ensure the indicator light is ‘off’. When the 'Caps Lock' is off, all the letters which you type will appear in the small letters. Lab Activities Lakpa : How can you help me Mr. Computer for the following ? a. To type my 10 friends' name in capital letters. b. To type a paragraph in small letters. c. To type 10 friends' names having first letters of each word in capital and rest of others in small letters. Computer : To perform these task, let's do the following: Page Keyboard Typing 40

To type 10 friends' name in capital letters Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Ensure that the ‘Caps Lock’ key is ‘on’. Step-2 : Now type the name of friends and press enter key one by one. To type a paragraph in small letters Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Ensure that the ‘Caps Lock’ key is ‘off’. Step-2 : Now start to type the paragraph. To type the first letter of name in capital letters Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Ensure that the ‘Caps Lock’ key is ‘off’. Step-2 : To type the first letter capital, hold down the ‘Shift’ key and type the let- ter and release the ‘Shift’ key. Lakpa : Thank you very much, Mr. Computer ! Computer : You are heartily welcome Lakpa! Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 41

FUNCTION KEYS Function keys are arranged in the top of the keyboard, labeled as ‘F1’ to ‘F12’. These keys are used to give special commands to perform tasks. PUNCTUATIONS KEYS Punctuation keys are used to put the punctuation marks such as comma, question mark, full stop, semicolon etc. in the text. CURSOR KEYS A cursor is a small blinking material on the screen of the monitor that indicates the location of the next letter to be typed. Cursor control keys are used to move the cursor to any one of the four directions that is up, down, left, right. Arrow is arranged on the keys that indicates the direction to move the cursor. Page Keyboard Typing 42

SYMBOL KEYS Symbols refer to +, -, % , $ etc. which are used in the text as well as in number. So, these are arranged in the keyboard. SPECIAL KEYS Special keys refer to Enter, Backspace, Delete, Space bar and Shift key. These keys have their own special functions. Let's know one bye one. ENTER KEY Enter key is used to move the cursor to the next line. After completing the instruction, Enter key is pressed. This shows the end of the instruction. This is also used to end the paragraph. BACKSPACE Backspace key is used to erase typed matter on the left hand side of the cursor position. Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 43

DELETE Delete key is used to erase typed matter on the right hand side of the cursor position. Lab Activities Lakpa : I have typed incorrect the word COMPUTER as COMPAUTER. How can you help to correct it, Mr. Computer ? Computer : Hey Lakpa, do the following: Steps to Follow: Step-1 : Bring the cursor before ‘A’ as shown in figure. Step-2 : Press the ‘Delete’ key to erase ‘A’. Or Step-1 : Bring the cursor before ‘U’. Step-2 : Press the backspace key to erase ‘ A’. Page Keyboard Typing 44

SPACE BAR KEY Space Bar key is the longest key of the keyboard, located down the keyboard. It is used to leave the blank space between letters, numbers or symbols etc. TOURING THE KEYBOARD Touring the keyboard means to type without looking on the keyboard. It helps you to type quickly and accurately. To tour the keyboard, first you should set your fingers in the middle row. Lakpa : How to put the fingers on the keyboard? There are many keys. Computer : Start to put the fingers from left hand. • Little finger ‘A’, ring finger is on ‘S’, middle finger on ‘D’, and index finger is on ‘F’. • Index finger of right hand on ‘J’, middle finger on ‘K’, ring finger is on ‘I’ and little finger on ‘;’ Page Smart Computer Science Book-3 45