Assignments and Assessment Book

E. Finishing1. What is finishing? a. Finishing sewing operation b. Completing a garment by cleaning, trimming, ironing and packing c. Completing a garment by checking, quality auditing and packing d. Finishing a garment in all respects and making it store ready2. The first operation in finishing section employs a large work force. It can be reduced if UBTs are used in sewing section. What is the first operation? a. Checking b. Trimming c. Thread sucking d. Stain removing3. Operators in trimming section sit and trim garments (Yes / No)4. Each operator is assigned a target of 40 garments per hour. What is the daily output if 15 operators are engaged? a. 4000 b. 4800 c. 5000 d. 52005. Over trimmed garments are damaged due to a. Stitch breakage b. Fabric cut c. Stitch unravel d. Garment nicks6. Trimmed garments are disposed by operator a. On the table b. In the bin placed to the right c. Under the table d. In a bundle at a corner

7. Which operation succeeds trimming? a. Buttoning b. Button holing c. Stain removal d. Washing8. Who observes and identifies stains? a. End table checkers in sewing section b. Trimming operators c. Sewing operators d. Quality assurance auditor9. Which is the most common used stain removing agent in the industry? a. Water b. MTO c. Kerosene d. Petrol10. Oil marks or stains are removed by which solvent? a. Detergents b. White petrol c. Vanish d. Acetone11. Stains are classified into four categories. Which of these is not one of them? a. Protein b. Oil c. Tannin d. Water12. Blood stains are classified as tannin based stains. (True / False)13. Industrial stain removing is largely uses which of the following equipment? (b) a. Brush b. Gun c. Sprayer d. Pad

14. What are stubborn stains? a. Fresh b. Large c. Set d. Fixed15. Garment wash is a process to remove stains? (Yes / No) (No)16. How many types of garment washes are there? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 617. Enzymes are catalysts in washing process, hence large quantities are consumed. (True / False)18. What is RFID a. Radio Frequent Information Diagnosis b. Radio Frequency Identification c. Radio Friendly Identification d. Radio Frequency Information Data19. Buttonholing is done on garments prior to wash to a. Avoid seam damage b. Achieve wash affect c. Remove small thread ends d. Avoid seam puckering20. Iron tables are fitted with special attachments for pressing. What are these attachments called? a. Sleeves b. Legs c. Bucks d. Shapes

21. Ironing tables are equipped with vacuum. Why? a. For ease in ironing b. To hold garment in place c. To suck dust before ironing d. To remove wrinkles22. Iron box is mainly heated by a. Wet steam b. Dry steam c. Electricity d. Any other23. What is the standard ironing table size for pants in cms? a. 300x100x200 b. 320x140x220 c. 360x160x260 d. 380x180x28024. Why is a sleeve buck used for pressing? a. To maintain shape b. To crease at the seams c. To press at the sleeve joint to yoke d. To press cuffs25. When pressing pants, the waist to hip are placed a. Flat front and front facing b. Flat side facing c. Flat back facing d. Flat back and front facing26. Shirt folding does not require one of the following items a. Clips b. Back support c. Tissue paper d. Ribbon tape27. One of these is not a tag a. Joker tag b. Price tag c. Size tag d. Barcode

28. What does a Universal Product Code ticket contain? a. Barcode b. EAN c. Price d. All details29. What is a size ring? a. Ring of a specific size b. Ring that has a size indication printed on it c. Coloured plastic ring with size printed on it d. Plastic colour ring with size print clipped on hanger hook30. This is not a common placement of tag on tops and shirts a. Collar button b. Second button c. Right Armhole d. Pocket31. What is the accepted weight of an export carton a. 25 lbs b. 25 kgs c. 24 kgs d. 25 ½ kgs32. For air shipments, what is the usual number of plies in the CFB? a. 3 b. 5 c. 6 d. 733. How many garments are packed in a shirt for shipment to the USA a. 6 b. Dozen c. 24 d. 3634. How are cartons numbered? a. Simple number b. Number by total c. Number by colour total d. Number by size total

35. Which of the following is not a packing assortment a. Size by colour b. Colours by size c. Colour by colours d. Sizes by coloursF. Q.A Section1. Quality assurance differs from control by a. Being proactive b. Being reactive c. As a line function d. Control and correction2. ASQ defines Quality as which meets a. customer needs and satisfaction b. customer appreciation and standards c. product standards and tests d. the price it demands3. Investment in quality is no more technical than commercial (Yes / No)4. Cost of quality is acceptable to a. Losing customers b. Losing business c. Overproduction d. Quantity without sale5. Do you know the cost of repairing a garment? a. 2 times the making cost b. 3 times the making cost c. 4 times the making cost d. 6 times the making cost

6. Quality of output depends on a. Quality of Input b. Systems being followed c. Practices being adopted d. Procedures in place7. What is the common system of inspection followed for fabric checking? a. 6 – point b. 10 – point c. 4 – point d. 20 point8. How many penalty points a minor defect fetches in 4 – point inspection system? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. None9. Which of the following is not a common fabric test done in-house? a. Shrinkage b. Serviceability c. Count and construction d. GSM10. Vendor evaluation is not quality control. (Agree / Not Agree)11. Samples are evaluated before they are sent to buyer by a. Chief Sample Technician b. Sr. Merchandiser c. Sample Checker d. QA of buying house12. A fit sample is critical for production because of its approval for a. Specifications b. Construction c. Fit d. Shape

13. Which is the fabric test that uses AATCC 8, ISO 105 X12 test method and crock meter? a. Shrinkage b. Dry rub c. Wet rub d. Tensile strength14. What are missing ends? a. Broken yarns in width wise direction b. Broken yarns in lengthwise direction c. Broken / missing weft yarns d. Broken / missing warp yarns15. Quality assurance in cutting section is checking a. fabric direction on lay table b. marker and fabric spread c. cut parts and pattern d. direction, cuts and numbers16. Needle selection for fabric is a concern of the QA (Yes / No)17. Appearance of stitches is influenced by a. Thread b. Fabric c. SPI d. Needle18. Seam strength is solely dependant on the seam construction. (True / False)19. How is seam strength estimated for lockstitch? a. SPI X Thread strength X 1.5 b. Thread strength X 1.5 c. SPCM X Thread strength + 2 d. SPI X 2 + Thread strength

20. The SPI recommended for woven tops is 10-14, what is recommended for knit tops? a. 10-12 b. 10-14 c. 12-14 d. 10-1621. A shirt hem appears neat and clean when a. Grade A operator stitches b. Grade B operator stitches with care c. ¼” folder is used d. ¾” folder is used22. What is the common tolerance given for seam allowance? a. + / - ¼” b. + / - ½” c. + ¼” d. ¼”23. When fusing strike through is observed a. Remove and re-fuse b. Re-cut and fuse c. Remove fusing with MTO and re-fuse d. Remove fusing with water and re-fuse24. Broken needle register is maintained to prevent a. broken stitches b. poor quality c. needle remnants in garment d. misuse of needles25. Operators attach assigned code to their work. Why? a. For easy counting of their output b. To create overtime record c. To re-work on the garment d. For piece work counting

26. What is AQL? a. Average Quality Level b. Absolute Quality Level c. All round Quality Level d. Accepted Quality Level27. End of line inspection is to a. count output per hour b. count daily output c. check each garment for defects d. defect check and return for re-work28. Garments move from sewing section to finishing with QCR. What is QCR? a. Quality Control Report b. Quality Check Report c. Quality Controller Report d. Quality count Report29. Defects in a garment are not evaluated based on their a. Location b. Conspicuousness c. Ease for re-work d. Saleability30. Which area is called zone A in the back of a pant? a. Knee b. Hip c. Waist band d. Bottom opening31. The inseam of a pant has no zone B. (True / False)32. Garments received from wash are checked for a. damages b. wash standard c. wash colour d. wash effect

33. Quality Assurance can audit final packed garments even if one of the following is not available a. buyer approved sample present b. buyer approval report c. GPT and FPT reports d. Fabric inspection report34. If sample size is 2000, for AQL 0.25, how many pieces are rejected a. 10 b. 11 c. 22 d. 2135. Classify the following defects by criticalityDefect Critical Major MinorBroken yarnNeedle lineHolePermanent crease lineWater spotIron markNeedle markUneven seam lengthPuckeringNo care labelZipper sliderArmhole measurement out side toleranceCOO label missingSide seam curlingContaminationNotes

Notes

Notes

Unit 2FILL IN THE BLANKS

Notes

MERCHANDISING DEPARTMENT1. A style that is accepted and used by a majority of a group at any time is …………2. ……… styles are designs accepted by a limited groups of fashion leaders (haute couture)3. A style that remains in general acceptance for an extended period of time is called …………4. Fashion that bursts into popularity but makes a quick disappearance is called …….5. ……………….. is a designer of Jaipur royal family.6. Most Bollywood costumes are designed by ………………7. When designers adopt design details from the market, the theory is called ……8. ……………..means obsolescence9. Retail merchandiser sells merchandise products. Production merchandiser sells ………..10. Traditional seasons in fashion industry are Spring/Summer and ……………….11. Oder confirmations for winter wear is ………12. Colour has three dimensions - hue, value…………..13. Fashion trends are forecasts of ……..that emerge next season14. Pantone Inc, Promostyl and CAUS are …………forecasting agencies.15. Production lead times are determined by ………16. Fabric suppliers are usually ………by buyer.17. There are three types of weaves - plain, twill and ………..18. Handloom, powerloom and ……….mills are sources of fabric production in India.19. Rib knit fabric is also called ………20. Hydrolysis of starch is called ……… and ………metals.

21. Exhaust dyeing is also called as ……dyeing.22. Fusible interlining quality depends on uniform density of …...….dots.23. To achieve crosswise stretch and lengthwise stability ……interlining is used.24. Zippers used in pants are ………ended.25. All metal trims used must be tested free of nickel and ………metals.26. Making cost of a garment depends on ……..content.27. Overtime of sample room tailors is …….cost.28. Style specifications and details are given by buyer in a……………29. Proto sample must be submitted before … … is issued by buyer30. Every buyer follows a ……….for the next season to place orders.31. Merchandiser prepares and follows a …… …….. ………plan for every order received from the buyer.32. All departments in the organisation follow …. .. …… prepared by the merchandiser to follow up on materials.33. Approval of … sample is critical to production34. Merchandiser handsover …….file at …… meeting35. A ……carton of ……ply is used for sea shipments. Notes

SOURCING DEPARTMENT1. Powerloom fabric from Erode usually needs……. days lead time.2. Panipat is famous for ……..count fabrics such as canvas.3. Coated fabrics are not produced in ……..4. In English method 1 hank is equal to …….yards.5. Superfine fabrics of 140 to 200 counts are not produced in……..6. Low thread count fabrics have greater ………7. Weft yarns also called ……give weight to the fabric8. Terry and plush are ………pile fabrics9. Examples of weft pile fabrics are ……. and………10. In weft knitting wales are ……..to each other.11. Each wale requires a yarn in ……..knitting12. Singeing makes fabric surface …………13. Scouring makes the fabric ………14. Bleaching of fabrics can be classified as ………..and …………15. Final dimensions of the fabric are fixed by ……………16. A finishing process that imparts hygroscopicity of cotton is called …………….17. The three types of batch dyeing machines are Beck, jet and ……….18. ………..is a common dyeing process in the industry.19. Soft flow dyeing is commonly used to dye ……fabrics.20. Minimum quantity per colour for dyeing in a composite mill is ……..meters.

21. Fabrics made of acrylic and boucle are sourced from ……….22. Common powerloom fabric width is ……..23. Common lead time quoted by Chinese suppliers is ……days.24. Often minimum quantities offered by Chinese suppliers are …….25. When sourcing from China …….month must be avoided as it is a new year holiday season26. August is a holiday season in …….27. Bussan is the textile centre in ……….28. Vicenza in Italy is famous for its………...fabrics29. All fabrics sourced from domestic or overseas suppliers are subjected to ….. ….. inspection.30. Sourcing department must conduct ……..evaluation prior to placing fabric and trim orders.31. Among the important points for negotiation are delivery lead time, price, …… …… ……and quality.32. ………L/C is a standard method of payment.33. For trims such as buttons …. ….. is a common payment method.34. Sample yardage from bulk production called ……..is often required to be shipped by …….for PP sample making.35. Customs clearance usually requires …….days in India. Notes

SAMPLE DEPARTMENT1. Merchandiser handsover ……………to sample department with an indent for material consumption.2. Surveys conducted in the USA found that over 50% ……….do not find a proper fitting clothes when they shop.3. There are four types of bodies - pear, …….., …………,…………….4. Customers prefer their clothes ………fitted.5. ……….profile of the customer is relevant to select fit preferences.6. Clothes compensate for ……… ……… in their body7. Body cathexis refers to ………..of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with various parts pr processes of the body.8. Women experience bust and ……..related fit problems.9. A pear shaped body needs close fitting …….shape for better appearance10. Common fit related problem is sleeve ……….11. To overcome length related fit problems legs of pants are not …………..12. A pullover tunic shirt has a single……….13. Shirts without front band are common among …………styles.14. A classic front band also known as ………has a width of ……….inches.15. Flat …….. …..gives armscye a perfect shape.16. There are two types of shirt cuffs – barrel and ………..17. Traditional shirt is finished with………hem.18. Well fitted …………is an indicator of well fitted shirt.19. High neckline pulls ……….and body front.

20. Collar stand is measured from button……to far …..of buttonhole.21. Mid size among American women sizes is ……..22. Fit corrections can be ……….and …………..related.23. Proceed with sample making only after fabric ……..report is reviewed.24. Fitting days are …….and ……….in most American buying houses.25. In a fit session, the sample is worn on a fit …….and reviewed for its construction, ………..and drape.26. Review fit samples on ……. ……… to reduce comments from buyers.27. ISO 4916 number 2.01.01 is…………seam type.28. Mock felled seam is used for …… …………..shirts.29. Proto samples are used in ………to review and decide the buy plan.30. The first fit is made in ……..of same ………and weight.31. Sample department must plan capacity to make………samples.32. Pattern grading involves using the buyer's ……… ……….and bulk ………reports.33. Pre-production sample must have ………..fabrics and trims. It is also called ………. sample.34. Basic boy block is also called ……..by American buyers.35. Sample department must ……….all procedures followed while making every sample. Notes

FINANCE, HR AND EXIM DEPARTMENTS1. Estimation of income and expenditure is …………2. Investment in machinery is ………..expenditure3. Salaries of merchandisers will be ……. ……..cost.4. Overtime paid to lay helpers is ………cost.5. Indirect costs are also called ………costs.6. Salaries of cutting supervisor and diesel for generator are examples of ……… and ……….costs.7. Wear and tear of machinery is called …………8. All costs incurred are converted to cost per ……….to calculate ……………costs.9. There are three types of letters of credit –confirmed,……..and ……….10. L/C can be opened by applying to the bank and placing …………money.11. A beneficiary of the L/C will be the ……….12. Amendments are …………requested by the beneficiary.13. A confirmed L/C means, the ……….seeks a …………. through a second bank for the payment towards the value of the L/C.14. L/C must state the beneficiary, ……value of the order, ….number.15. Quality parameters and tests are part of the L/C ……….16. HR department implements standard……… ……….procedures.17. The HR has also the responsibility to implement …………..18. Compliance ……. are conducted by third party agencies.19. HR designs KRAs or …….. ………… Areas of every employee.

20. KPI or …… Performance ………is a measure to assess the performance of every employee in an objective manner.21. Employee remuneration is termed …. to the ……. which includes all forms of remuneration paid to the employee.22. The HR department receives skill……….from the IE for each sewing line in the company.23. Exports from India are subjected to …….24. The Export Import policy is announced by the Ministry of ……..25. Imports of textiles into India is …………..26. Textile imports are made through …….license, SEZ, ……EOU.27. All fabric imports are subject to input/……..norms.28. Advance license is issued by the Director General of …….. ……..29. Import duty is paid on cost ……..and freight.30. All terms of payment used in international trade are known as ………. ………terms.31. All articles for export or import are referred by …… ………Code.32. Common ocean containers used are of three sizes for garment exports- 20', 40' and …….33. GOH container refers to …… … ……...34. BL or …… of ……… is a part of the documents submitted for negotiation.35. Fabrics imported on advance license cannot be sold in domestic …..area without payment of ……….duty. Notes

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENTA. Store & Cutting Sections1. Fabric and Trims are stored by..............number.2. Prior to inspection fabric rolls are verified against....................list.3. Fabric rolls are stored on...........pallets and ...........4. First pack of buttons is .................and weighed. Subsequent packs are only .............to verify and check the total quantity received.5. Fabric of .................cms. length is cut from each roll received, marked and numbered. Half of it sent for wash and the remaining is stocked for......... matching with approved fabric shade to prepare shade band.6. Roll width is checked at ...........places. They are start, .........and ...........7. Fabric is checked by checkers for defects at the rate of ..........meters in case of solid colours and ...........meters in case of printed or checks or stripes fabrics per .............8. Shade check with in the roll is carried out during fabric inspection using ......cms lead fabric cut from the roll stopping after every ...... meters/yards9. Shade swatches from all the rolls are arranged into………and are given……numbers.10. Fabric inspection report is prepared by the ……….department and circulated to sourcing and ………….11. Shades grouped as families must be………..by ……..before being issued to cutting section.12. Shrinkage of the rolls must be below ….percent.13. ……….is revised if the shrinkage exceeds the ………and sufficient number of rolls are present in a percentage range.14. Variation in …….. also requires marker to be revised.15. Rolls are sorted and organised into ………by shade, shrinkage and ……..16. Two types of markers are prepared - ………and ………… the later is used in knit fabric cutting.

17. Fabric is issued to the cutting section by each ……after approval is obtained from ………………18. Lay helpers ………fabric as per the lot numbers for ……….19. The period of ……….depends on the type of fabric. Stretch fabric with lycra require up to ... …….for relaxation.20. ……………must be cut off on either side to allow fabric to…...21. Fabric with ………..width is spread first on lay table followed by widths in their ……………order.22. All plies are spread with ………in same direction.23. Fabrics with…….are spread in direction of the ……24. Marker …….is determined by N/E/W, …………and ……….25. The lay ……of the fabric will be the same as the ……...of the marker.26. From every roll a ………length of fabric is left over after spreading as per marker. This left over length is termed ……bit.27. Minimum wastage and utilisation determine….. …….28. Markers are duplicated by any of the ……..methods.29. Roll details are stuck on the end bit which is used in …….when required.30. Lay supervisor prepares the ….. ….. and is checked by the cutting in-charge.31. Fabrics with stretch and similar properties must be … …….the lay to enable any shrinkage.32. Cut parts must be…….. with large parts placed on either side.33. Ensure ……… on top of each………. It has the part and ……number.34. For finer and …….cutting, the cut parts are sent to … ….cutter.35. Margin for ………is given in seam ……...36. Numbered parts which need to be ….. are sent for …….on a table top conveyer belt fed …….. machine.

B. Value Addition Section1. …… ….…garments are added value by different methods.2. ……..embroidery fetches higher remuneration.3. Fabric hand embroidery is made on ….. ……or ………..4. It is important to ensure that at the end of each length in ……. embroidery, the threads are secured by means of……5. …………embroidery is less expensive and its price is quoted ……..stitches.6. There are usually ……heads in a computerised embroidery machine, but …head machines are also available7. The spm of a computer embroidery machine can be set from ….. up to ……8. …………..introduced world's first multi-head computer embroidery machine.9. A computer embroidery machine has …needles.10. ………punching machine attached to computer embroidery machine offers additional advantage of fixing …….in the embroidery.11. For uninterrupted production, computer embroidery machines use ….thread.12. For smooth and even appearance,………backing is used.13. Many types of backing are available. Popular among these is …….soluble.14. Hand stitch around a hand painted motif is called as ……….work.15. ……….printing on garments is a common value addition.16. To achieve embossed effect on the print surface………..ink is used.17. Water based inks give …………surface.18. Printing cost is calculated based on …… ………19. When ………inks are used they are ……….at ………temperatures.20. ……….print method is used for ……… ……….printing.

21. …………printing machine is used for …..…….printing on garments.22. In roller printing up to ……colours are printed in continuous operation.23. Design is …….with varying degrees of ……to register varying depths of.24. ……..fabric passes between ………cylinder and as many copper as the …………of ……. to be printed.25. ……….printing is labour intensive.26. Printing by …….transfer is used for ……..production.27. Print dyes are.. ……..when heat and ……..are applied to the paper ……the design.28. In dye…………printing when heat is applied the solid dyes in the design transform into …….. and penetrate the fabric thereby dyeing the fibers.29. Reactive dyed fabric is applied with …….dye paste to ……..dyes at places where it is applied in ……… printing process.30. ……….. printing can be used only on ……….fabrics.31. In ……..printing on………… fabric designs are drawn using a …… pen and the fabric is then passed through dye bath.32. In garment ……wash process garments are …….. inside out in finishing chemical at MLR 1:5.33. Denim washes are ……..types.34. ……….washes are micro sanding and ………35. Re-deposition can be avoided by adding ………..agent in the wash cycle. Notes

C. Sewing Section1. ………cutting machine is used to cut …….and complicated parts.2. Operator makes hourly production entries in her … …3. …… ……..gives the line plan but supervisor may modify and implement4. Style ………is made by line before setting the line.5. Each bundle consists of ….parts of a garment6. Bundles move in a line from …… to ……..7. Sewing thread on ……is issued to each operator.8. Men's long sleeve shirt requires……..meters of thread9. ……..point needle is used to sew knit garments.10. Sewing needle is made of ........metal11. Check points are placed in the sewing line after each ..............operation.12. Manual trimming can be avoided by using sewing machines with ......... .......... device.13. Operators spend more time in .......and........ than in sewing.14. ..................operations have large SAM.15. Needle selection is made by..... .......16. ...........is formed when shuttle carries needle thread around bobbin to form.........17. Presser foot with.......toe is used to attach zipper.18. For sensitive fabrics presser foot with Teflon ........is used.19. In a F-O-A machine the feed mechanism is ................type.20. ..................motor is used to power the button hole machine21. The button stitch machine needs .............needle type.

22. Overlock machine has a ............. bed.23. The end line checker checks .................before forwarding the hourly production to finishing section.24. To attach yoke to shoulder ..................attachment is used.25. Upturned cuff hemmer is used on ...............machines26. In case of loosely woven fabrics, seam slippage is avoided by using..... ...... seam27. Puckering is caused by seam, fabric and .........28. High stretch threads cause seam .........29. Throat plate must be changed when needle...... changes.30. In shirt production three stitch classes used are 301…….and 401.31. The class of stitch that is reversible is …...32. Inseams of pants are ………to flatten the fabric edges33. Collar profile machine combines two operations ………. and ………. improves both quality and productivity.34. To perform top stitch, the collar is ……, trimmed and …….35. To hem the shirt bottom………is used for neat and smooth finish.36. Sewing needle is made of ........metal37. Check points are placed in the sewing line after each ..............operation.38. Manual trimming can be avoided by using sewing machines with ......... .......... device.39. Operators spend more time in .......and........ than in sewing.40. ..................operations have large SAM.41. Needle selection is made by..... .......42. ...........is formed when shuttle carries needle thread around bobbin to form.........

43. Presser foot with.......toe is used to attach zipper.44. For sensitive fabrics presser foot with Teflon ........is used.45. In a F-O-A machine the feed mechanism is ................type.46. ..................motor is used to power the button hole machine47. The button stitch machine needs .............needle type.48. Overlock machine has a ............. bed.49. The end line checker checks .................before forwarding the hourly production to finishing section.50. To attach yoke to shoulder ..................attachment is used.51. Upturned cuff hemmer is used on ...............machines.52. In case of loosely woven fabrics, seam slippage is avoided by using..... ...... seam53. Puckering is caused by seam, fabric and .........54. High stretch threads cause seam .........55. Throat plate needs to be changed when needle...... changes. Notes

D. Industrial Engineering Section1. Among the many functions of an IE, estimating the ……….capacity is the most important one.2. The operational costs of a production line are calculated using …….. techniques of IE.3. …………. costs constitute bulk of the overhead costs.4. The traditional practice to calculate cost of making involves an estimated ……..given by the…….. ……...5. Understanding of the product ……….as required by the buyer is work content key to calculating the ………….6. A well catalogued library of ……….is important to successful implementation of industrial engineering concepts.7. ……………….of problems and solutions is important increased efficiency.8. Industrial engineering seeks solutions through….. ……… analysis.9. IE attempts to implement ….. ………and halt making repeated mistakes.10. Productivity tools devised by IE include ……..and ……..studies.11. Important function of IE is to identify …….. controlled content and measure it through ……study.12. Study each operation and break into its last ……..and measure it through study.13. Operations ………..progressively result in a final product in apparel manufacture.14. IE must define all operations in the manufacture of the ……. and …..elements of each operation.15. Identify elements with high work content by time and find ……. …..to reduce their time.16. Balance the ……and…… work contents by merging two or more operations.17. Re work the sequence of operations and establish the ….to sew a product.18. OB or ……… ………. must be prepared for pre-production operations involving cutting and value addition.

19. IE must …………measure and time the work contents for similar products over a period of time and establish ……..time.20. A library ………of times for as many styles as the company produces each year must be available with IED.21. To measure the content of work, IE actually ……..time taken by to complete the work.22. The process to study ……adopted by each operator are recorded to evaluate and select most successful method to achieve higher………..23. A …….of ……….is prepared based on the method and time for each operator.24. Operator ………….with different machines and work aids is also recorded.25. A value mapping of a line with reference to ………and ……..employed highlights resource utilisation.26. Efficiency of a production line is improved when…… resources are withdrawn.27. To improve productivity in a production line identify works with ……content of time and ………….them by splitting them or combining preceding low content operations.28. ……..time is reduced through ……..of work by time content.29. Poor machine…….. leads to machine …………and work stoppages resulting in idle time.30. ………balancing starts off when work breakdown or shortages take place. It only adds to cost.31. Helpers in the line…… to cost not work content.32. IE has control over …….costs.33. Physical defects and ………motion due to poor layout increase costs without value addition.34. ………flow in production line reflects successful line balancing.35. Jidoka reduces ……..

E. Finishing Section1. Only ……….garments move to finishing section from sewing.2. The first operation in finishing is ……..3. If and edge cutting machines are employed in the sewing line trimming work will be.4. ………..to garments are frequent in the trimming process due to trimming of threads… …….to fabric.5. Trimmed garments are dispatched for……..which is the next process in finishing.6. Common stains on garments found in the finishing are oil marks and blood. Both are removed by mixing …….. with acetone.7. The most common equipment used for stain removal is high electric spot ….8. Stain removing agents use …… …… …… or white petrol as solvent.9. PERC or ……………… is also used as a solvent in removing and dry cleaning.10. ………. ……….. are made prior to dispatch to washing section so that the thread used will fade and give a washed appearance.11. Damages in wash process cannot be ……..and will reduce the order quantity.12. In case of denim and other ………dyed garments, labels and embroidery must be enclosed in ……….covers to avoid tinting.13. Washed garment are passed through and dust sucking machines.14. Garments are sorted by ……and ………prior to ironing.15. Iron boxes use ……steam to avoid water marks on garments.16. Sleeve …….are used while ironing shirt.17. Garments are held on the ironing table due to ……..created by a compressor.18. Common methods of shirt packing are ………up, flat and …………19. Shirts are folded using a flip........... machine

20. Collar is held in place using butterfly, ……….and stay.21. ……support helps shirts to retain shape.22. ………tags come in a variety of ……….and help in product promotion.23. Tags are used by retail buyers to track and manage inventory. There two types of such tags – UPC or … …… ……. and radio frequency identification or ……24. RFID tags are three types - ……….., passive and battery assisted passive.25. UPC tags have a ……. ………..that is exposed to a reader which converts the data encrypted into digital format and stores for accounting and inventory reconciliation.26. EAN or ……. ……. ……….has …..digit barcode. EAN is now renamed as International Article Number.27. PP bags or …………….are commonly used for packing. The sizes and thickness vary according to the buyer's requirements.28. All PP bags must have …….. ………on them.29. …… ………PP bags are used to pack standup collar shirts.30. The packed bag is affixed with a ……sticker in buyer specified colour and ……...31. Garments are packed in ……….or on hangers.32. CFB or …… …….. ……. cartons for sea shipments have 6 plies.33. Common packing instructions for garments are ………colour and size or assorted ……..and size.34. When garments are shipped on hangers, the mode of shipment is termed as… … …35. Pack …..to ……sizes with ……….for size and colour, so that when container is opened small sizes are to the front and large at the far end. Notes

E. QA Section1. Quality assurance comprises three levels – technical,………and ………2. The QAD reports to the ………. in any company.3. Fabric and trims are inspected by……….team of the QAD.4. The quality inspection and checking begins with fabric inspection. Using ……point system, the checkers assign 4 penalty points to all those defects which are ……cms long.5. ……….cms full width fabric from each roll is used for ……... report and shade banding.6. Knitted fabric is made of loops and …..7. Among the defects in knit fabric, ...……is a defect in which wales collapse in a straight line.8. When over twisted yarns present in knitted fabric causes ………9. Bars are formed on woven fabrics due to …….. …….. …….10. ……….is caused in fabric …….when weft yarns lien across in an arc shape.11. ……..marks are a result of wrong folding in fabric finishing.12. When a different coloured yarn is found in the fabric it is called …………13. In the cutting section quality inspection starts with receiving fabric rolls in lots by size,……. and width.14. Cutting section will spread fabric for ………run before proceeding with bulk cutting15. Quality auditor checks the marker for its……….accuracy on the lay.16. Verify the lay ……with reference to the approved …….band.17. QA must cross check the ………quantities by lot with the number of plies spread and the PO.18. Cut parts must be fused as per the ………..report.19. Check the fusing process for correctness of …………, pressure and ………….20. QA conducts …… ……test at random to check the quality of the fused parts.

21. Cut part bundles are checked for ….. number, part……., PO number.22. Check cut parts from embroidery for …….and any sagging. Threads must be securely…….23. Print must be checked for ……….of design and colours.24. Check the quality for the ………sample made by the line supervisor.25. Sewing line will make ……production of the style and get……. from QAD before starting bulk production.26. Finishing section will complete and submit………samples for approval.27. During bulk production, line ……..are stationed at workstations ……critical operations.28. ……….QA will check quality of all operators at random.29. QA will ……..the correct method where necessary.30. ……….sewing defects in mid-inspection. Analyse defect and suggest corrective action to the line.31. Check end of line garments for ………and unattended sewing defects.32. Check garments before their dispatch to washing for any ……..threads and ………..33. Inspect garments after ironing for …….marks.34. Conduct pre-final inspection which covers defects in ………., poor wash and ironing.35. The inspection must cover …….and packing.36. Conduct final audit as the …….will do to make sure that the shipment …….standards. Notes

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Unit 3QUESTIONS

Notes

MERCHANDISING1. What are the 6Rs of merchandising?2. Which are the major garment manufacturing centers in India and what is the specialty of each centre?3. How is retail merchandising different from production merchandising?4. Merchandiser is a generalist. Do you agree?5. What are the 5 stages of fashion cycle? Describe them?6. What is the role of a buyer in the garment industry?7. How is communication an important function of merchandiser?8. What are the fashion theories?9. How is fashion different from Fad?10. What are fashion trends?11. How is merchandising different from marketing?12. What are the traditional seasons in the fashion industry?13. What is Munsell's color system?14. Which are the colors associated with warmth? And why?15. What are the different weaves of fabric?16. What is CMT and how is it different from FOB?17. What are the two types of knitting? Give examples.18. How is colorfastness tested?19. What are the advantages of mercerization?20. What is desizing?21. Explain what is meant by piece dyeing?22. How are buttons measured?23. What is the function of interlining in a garment?24. What is meant by bond strength?25. How many types of zippers are there functionally?26. What are the parts of a zipper?27. What is auto-lock zipper?28. What is the thread used in sewing if the garment has to be dyed?29. What are the elements of costing?30. What is direct cost?31. Explain overhead costs?32. What is TnA? Explain33. Bill of Materials is a ready reckoner for a merchandiser. Do you agree? Explain34. What is plan-cut-date or PCD? Explain its significance.35. Name the departments in a garment manufacturing company and their functions.36. What is a style file?

SAMPLING DEPARTMENT1. What is a proto-sample?2. What is a fit-cycle?3. What is a techpack?4. Do advertising sample and salesman sample refer to the same? What is its function?5. Describe the sample development process in a garment factory.6. What is a flat pattern?7. What is grading?8. What is a patch pocket?9. Mention the types of peterpan collar?10. What is a Line?11. Write the method of reducing a design?12. Write the use of pinching shear?13. How do you take measurement of round neck?14. List out the types of tucks?15. What is facing? When do you use it?16. Write in detail about the points to be remembered while taking body measurements.17. What are darts? And what is their function?18. Draft a sleeve given the following measurements (inches) – sleeve length: 22 ½ ; cap height: 5 7/8; biceps: 13 1/819. What is balance in garment making?20. What are the contents of a pattern?21. What are notches?22. What are the elements of designing?23. How do you use proportion in garment designing?24. What is grain?25. What are the types of shirt plackets?26. What is open marker?27. What is the relevance of fabric test report in sample making?28. What are the tools required for pattern making?29. Trouser measurements given are length: 27”; front & back hip: 23”; front & back waist: 19”; and crotch depth: 24”. Draft a ladies trouser.30. What is a French seam?31. Where do you use lap-felled seam?32. What are Class 3 seams?33. How is lockstitch different from chainstitch? Which is not secure?34. What is draping?35. Documentation of garment construction is the key to successful production. Do you agree?36. What is the role of IT in sample making?37. Label and quality play an important role in determining the sample making process. Explain.

SOURCING DEPARTMENT1. What is the relevance of sourcing department in garment manufacturing industry?2. What are the important factors considered when sourcing?3. Is it important to maintain a library of fabric developments? Explain.4. What is lead time in sourcing? How important it is to a sourcing executive?5. What are Premiere Vision and Heimtextil to a sourcing executive? Explain.6. Is greige fabric different from finished fabric? Explain.7. Where do you get yarn-dyed powerloom checks in India?8. What are composite mills?9. What is the daily production of a powerloom?10. How much time does an auto-loom take to produce 5000 meters of fabric?11. Where do you get chenille fabric in India? What is its fiber content?12. What is third party inspection?13. What are the usual sizes of buttons in men's long sleeve shirt? What are they commonly made of?14. What are the important testing parameters used to determine the quality of fabric?15. Panipat is popular for which fabrics?16. What are the common widths of fabrics produced?17. How many types of elastic are there and where are they used?18. What is 4-point system of inspection?19. What is bin-card system of storage?20. What is the difference between carded and combed yarn?21. What is mercerization?22. If in a given fabric roll of 100 yards, there 20 major fabric defects and 10 minor defects, how many penalty points does the roll get?23. What is a count? How many yards of yarn can be drawn from 1 pound of cotton?24. For better colorfastness, which dyes are used? Are they natural or synthetic?25. How is fiber made into yarn? What are the two types of twists?26. What is the difference between bowing and spiralty?27. What are the 3 main types of weaves?28. How is knit fabric formed?29. What is selvedge? Describe its functions?30. What are the major defects in woven and knitted fabrics?31. What is the difference between domestic and overseas sourcing?32. What is difference between batik and Ikat dyeing?33. What are the characteristics of polyamide fabrics?34. Are organdy and organza plain weave fabrics? What are the differences between these fabrics?35. Mode of transport adds to the cost of fabric? Explain36. What are the characteristics of linen fabric?

FINANCE, HR AND EXIM DEPARTMENTS1. Finance department in the company declares depreciation annually on plant and machinery. How do you include it in your costing?2. What is confirmed letter of credit? How is it different from irrevocable L/C?3. What are the documents required to open a letter of credit?4. What are the payment terms? Explain the different terms of payment?5. What is Foreign Exchange Regulation Act amended as? How is it relevant to exports?6. Banks finance exports. What is this type finance called?7. What is post shipment credit? Why is it required?8. When do banks give working capital? What is it used for by the exporter?9. What is turnover?10. What is document negotiation?11. What is wage? How is it different from salary?12. What is child labour?13. What is the minimum age for employment?14. What is a helper recruited paid?15. Are wages differentiated by gender? Explain.16. What is compliance? Why should companies abide by these codes?17. There are many types of compliances governing different aspects of manufacturing and businesses. Name some of these and their importance>18. Each country has evolved its laws to safeguard its environment. Each law requires exporting companies to abide by it. What is the role of HR in it?19. What is the law passed by EU concerning restricted chemicals? Explain.20. Implementation of the compliances is certified by external agencies. What are these agencies called and what is procedure adopted by them to certify?21. What is Worldwide Responsible Apparel Production Program?22. Expand the acronym OSHA. Which country has enforced it?23. Overtime is restricted by law. What are the conditions applicable to engage operators on overtime?24. Customs duty is paid on CIF. Explain.25. What is countervailing duty?26. Is duty drawback an incentive? Discuss.27. How fabrics imported without paying customs duty? Explain the procedure.28. Input-output norms are given in square yards. What are these norms and how are they met by exporters?29. The International Chamber of Commerce has adopted 13 INCOTERMS. Name them.30. Which of the shipments reaches faster – LCL or FCL? Why?31. Can the consignee and buyer be different? Explain.32. For CIF shipment, who decides the ocean liner- buyer or shipper?33. What is meant by consolidation? How is it advantageous?34. What are the functions of a freight forwarder?35. Explain the functions and role of Director General Trade of Foreign Trade.

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENTA. Cutting Section1. How is fabric inspection report used in cutting section?2. Describe fabric laying procedure?3. Why is fabric unrolled and left for 24 hours before it is laid?4. What is spreading?5. What is the production process in the cutting room?6. What is cut order planning?7. What are the pre-requisites to fabric spreading?8. How are piled fabrics layed?9. What is nap? Explain N/O/W, N/E/W and N/U/D10. What is a cutting ticket?11. What is bias cutting?12. What is a grain line?13. What are 1-way fabrics? How are they spread?14. How are different shades of fabric laid in the same lay?15. What are the different types of cutting machines used?16. What are the common dimensions of cutting table?17. What is the function of notcher?18. Is fabric cut with selvedges? Explain19. What must be the size of knife to cut lightweight fabrics?20. What is marker efficiency?21. If the fabric inspection report has more than a single width, what options does the cutting room manager have?22. What is a shade band? How is it used in the cutting room?23. How is fusing shrinkage checked? Does it affect the marker?24. How do you eliminate washing shrinkage in garment?25. What is pilot run? And why is it necessary?26. When is band knife used?27. Where are the cut parts fused?28. What is the function of nicks?29. What is numbering plan? What does a numbering sticker contain?30. What is panel checking?31. What is lot wise cutting? When is it applicable?32. Why are cut parts bundled? Explain.33. What are the details on a bundle tag?34. What are end-bits?35. What is re-cutting?36. When is block cutting made?37. What safety devices are used in cutting?38. Where is the marker placed on the lay?

B. Sewing Section1. What is the procedure followed in receiving cut parts from cutting section?2. What are the functions of a feeding helper?3. What is line plan? Who prepares?4. What are the different sewing machines used in a shirt line?5. What does a EWATEX machine do?6. What is basting? Why is it performed?7. Write briefly about the different production systems?8. Describe the relation between needle, thread and fabric.9. How many types of over lock machines are there?10. What is blind stitch? Where is it used?11. Which machine is used to join the front and back of jeans?12. Name the different types of waist band?13. Where and how do you attach the extra button on a shirt?14. In a garment wash program, when are the buttons attached on the garment and why?15. Where is a 4-needle chain stitch machine used?16. How is a lockstitch formed? Draw a diagram.17. What is an operation bulletin? Who prepares it?18. How is a new style loaded into a production line? Describe the process briefly.19. Prepare an operation bulletin for a standard men's trouser with 2-pleats.20. How is a bartack stitch formed and where is it used?21. What is multi-functioning and how is it used in the sewing line?22. Where do you use a contour profile machine? How does it function?23. What is lean production?24. What are different types of button holes? Which are the machines used?25. What is WIP? How is it formed?26. What are the functions of a line helper?27. How is UBT machine different from a common lockstitch machine?28. What is a sewing cycle?29. How much thread is consumed for stitch class 301?30. What are the precautions to be taken while sewing delicate fabrics like satin, voile and crepe?31. Why is the industrial sewing machine placed in oil tank?32. What is line balancing?33. What are the different work-aids used in the sewing section? Explain34. What is SPI? What are the SPI used for different fabrics?35. Why is a bottleneck formed in a sewing line? How is it cleared?36. What is seam allowance?37. Construct a collar and attach to the neck band?38. Construct a welt pocket with a flap.

C. Industrial Engineering1. What is industrial engineering?2. What is SMV? How is it calculated?3. What is method study? Why is it conducted in the industry?4. What is a typical sequence of operations of a sewing room operator?5. What are the functions an Industrial Engineer?6. What is PMTS?7. What is standard time?8. What is productivity? And what are its benefits?9. What is work content?10. What are elements? Name the types of elements11. Discuss how efficiency of a production line can be improved?12. What is work study? Define.13. How is basic time calculated? Express the formula14. Give the operation breakdown for a men's shirt?15. Prepare a process flow chart of the various parts of a shirt.16. What are the typical machine delay allowances?17. What percent of personal and fatigue allowance added to the machine delay allowance?18. Why is PMTS more successful than MTM?19. What is Takt time?20. What is ergonomics?21. What are the principles of motion economy?22. What is skill matrix? How is it developed?23. What is value stream mapping?24. What is SAM?25. Given the SMV of a men's shirt is 25 mnts, the personal and fatigue allowance are 14% and machine delay allowance is calculated at 0.20 minutes, what will be the SAM of the shirt?26. What is the production capacity of a shirt factory given that its standard time is 18 mnts. and all allowances together will be 16% and the factory has 6 lines of 56 machines?27. Prepare a plant layout for trouser factory with 150 machines.28. How does automatic pocket welting machine improve productivity in a trouser production line? Explain29. What is idle time in a production line?30. List the various production losses?31. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of bundle and unit systems of production.32. What is the difference between Off –Standard time and On-Standard time?33. Define operator performance using the formula?34. An operator 2000 pieces at an SMV of 0.25. She spends 80 minutes waiting for work and 25 minutes due to machine breakdown. What is her On-Standard time performance? What is her utilisation? What is her efficiency?35. If a collar turning operation has an SMV of 1.05, efficiency of 85%, and working time of 480 minutes, how many collars can be supplied to the line?36. If a shirt line requires 1200 collars per day (480 minutes), which of the following will you choose: i. Manual collar turning at SMV of 1.15 with 3 work stations Or ii How many Ewatex collar turning machines with SMV of 1.00

D. Value Addition Section1. What are value-additions commonly found in the garment industry?2. Who sends the cut parts for value addition operations?3. What are the types of embroidery found in the industry?4. How is the embroidery work cost determined?5. A computerized embroidery machine has how many embroidery heads?6. How many color threads can be used at a time on the embroidery machine?7. What are the different sizes of frames used on embroidery machine?8. What information does the control panel display on the machine?9. How is the embroidery design programmed?10. What are the dimensions of the 20 head embroidery machine?11. What class of stitch is used in embroidery?12. What is fagoting?13. Name the different techniques of printing used in the textile and garment industry?14. Describe the block printing process?15. Name two types of resist printing. Describe at least one of them?16. What is the process of screen printing? Describe in detail.17. Where did the famous Kalamkari printing originate? What is its uniqueness?18. How do you classify different types of washes?19. What are dry washes?20. What is the procedure for acid wash?21. How is stone blasting technique?22. What is the thread used in computer embroidery and why?23. State the advantages and disadvantages of plastisol and water-based inks in textile printing.24. When cellulase is used in washing, what is the finish expected?25. Describe the process of denim wash.26. What are pumice stones? What is their function in garment wash?27. What is pH? What is the range of neutral pH?28. Why is desizing important in denim wash?29. What is the mechanism if crease formation in cotton garments?30. How is laser technology used in denim garment wash?31. What is the function of hydro extractor? Where is it used?32. In a 100 kg washing machine, how many denim pants can be loaded?33. A 30 minute enzyme wash cycle actually means much more than that. What are the total processes involved and how much time is actually required?34. How is printing cost estimated?35. To print on garments, which is the printing process employed and why?

D. Quality Assurance Section1. QA checks the proto sample prior to its dispatch to the buyer. What is the significance of proto sample?2. A fit cycle is important in the production process. How can the QA ensure that TnA of fit approvals is maintained?3. Fabric inspection procedure followed instills confidence in the buyer. Explain?4. What are the common fabric tests conducted internally in the company?5. Which are the major defects in fabric?6. What is the planned cut date or PCD? The PCD meeting is conducted by QA to discuss and highlight quality concerns of the style. Discuss.7. What is statistical quality control?8. Quality assurance starts from inspection and auditing of raw material. Do you agree?9. The QAD serves the company by checking, inspecting and auditing the processes. Explain.10. Fabrics are inspected to determine and confirm the physical properties as required by the buyer. List these properties and write brief note on each one of them.11. Conduct AATCC 135 test and report the dimensional stability of the given cotton / lycra fabric.12. To determine the colour fastness to light of the given fabric, what is the test conducted? Give the AATCC 16 method.13. What are the fabric defects that are commonly classified as major and minor? Describe the defect and state the class.14. In an ordered quantity of fabric, rolls of different widths and shrinkages were found. Explain the procedure followed to segregate the rolls.15. How do you test fabric piling? Explain the AATCC method.16. Why are garment samples sent to third party laboratory? What are the tests that most buyers ask for?17. What is grain? State its importance and the quality parameters that affect the appearance and performance of the garment.18. What is fusing compatibility? Perform bond strength test.19. What are the quality parameters to be checked in an embroidered cutting?20. How do you check printing quality?21. What is the checklist QA has to follow for each style before it is loaded?22. Why does a seam grin? How is it corrected?23. Hoe is the seam slippage avoided?24. What is a broken needle record? Explain its importance.25. In-line checking is critical to avoid re-work. Explain the cost of re-work if the SAM of pocket attach is 0.38 minutes and cost per minute is Rs.1.55.26. Post trimming QA must be check garment before the next operation? Why?27. What are the quality issues to be checked in mechanical washed garments? Explain.28. Most chemical washes tend to reduce the strength of fabric. Why?29. What is the cost of prevention of defects?30. Describe the different defects that are noticed in a denim garment after wash.31. Why is needle detection important? How is it related to compliance?32. What is an iron mark? How is it removed?33. What are the zones in a garment? How are they identified?34. What is AQL? How do you select garments for inspection?35. Who will conduct the final inspection? What is the procedure to be followed?

D. Finishing Section1. What are the activities undertaken in finishing section?2. Is trimming an important function? Can it be avoided?3. How can damages caused in trimming rectified?4. How are stains classified? Explain.5. Can stubborn stains be removed?6. What is MOT?7. How is white petrol used in finishing section?8. Acetone is extensively used in finishing? What is its function and properties?9. How are rust marks removed on garments?10. What are solvents?11. Before garments are sent for wash, button holes are stitched. Why?12. When the interlining has not fused, how will it appear after wash? Is there a remedy?13. All embroideries use a backing. What types of backings are used? How are they finished?14. When garments are received from washing, what do you check them for and why?15. How are wash damaged garments treated in finishing?16. Before the garments are sent to ironing, they pass through another process? Name and describe it.17. All fixtures on garments such as buttons, rivets and snaps must have washers. Why?18. How are snaps and rivets fixed to garments?19. What is the sequence followed in ironing in terms of colour and size?20. There are different types of ironing systems. Name commonly used systems.21. Jacket sleeves must not be pressed flat on the table. How are they pressed?22. Some garments are finished by placing them on body forms. How is the body form operated?23. Jeans and other heavy fabric bottoms are not pressed on ironing tables. How are they pressed?24. In some iron boxes steam leaks and condense into water on the garment leaving a water mark. What is the type of steam commonly used?25. What are the types folding followed for shirts?26. How is a shirt folding machine used?27. Which garment requires collar stand, butterfly and back support for packing? What are the other items required?28. What are the types of tags used on garments? Explain the function of tags on a garment.29. How does RFID tag works?30. What is UPC tag?31. In a barcode there are 13 digits. Explain their significance.32. What is fluke in a carton? How does it give strength?33. Whys is unbleached craft paper used in carton making?34. How is the bursting strength of a carton determined? What is the AATCC testing method?35. Prepare a packing list for men's long sleeve cotton shirts. Quantity 3000 numbers. Sizes S:L:M:XL;XXL in a ratio of 1:2:2:2:1.

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