แนวความคิดทางจิตวิทยา

146 1960 o The FDA approves the use of chlordiazepoxide (known as Librium) for treatment of non-psychotic anxiety in 1960. A similar drug, diazepam (Valium), is approved in 1963. o A new revision of Stanford-Binet o Visual cliff experiment on depth perception conducted by Eleanor Gibson. o George Sperling performs classic experiments on iconic memory. 1961 o John Berry introduces the importance of cross-cultural research bringing diversity into the forefront of psychological research and application. o Carl Rogers publishes 'On Becoming a Person,' marking a powerful change in how treatment for mental health issues is conducted. o Muzafer Shearif conducts the “Robbers Cave Experiments”. 1962 o The serial position effect discovered by memory researcher Bennett Murdock. o Cognitive arousal theory of emotion proposed by Schachter and Singer. 1963 o Community Mental Health Centers Act passed U.S. President John F. Kennedy calls for and later signs the Community Mental Health Centers Act, which mandates the construction of community facilities instead of large, regional mental hospitals. Congress ends support for the คลังoooความlPpAdbALpeaรeerlellaobboดู้wrvrrceesgsneิจrkoorrreilิทttano-nnngลัBBmgpaacrmaallaeมoiiittnnnnyyneหKddtnาd1Dpuuoptว9e.rrelerbิทaa8ovrvese1ยgefaroi,lาrrlgoloansoลrpeptaminยั nmddmlgเit.tกureeyeowcษsnnddciiตtnttu.ehr,รgicvbiศRneeoeาislwvscoสehhphตtrahiimรascer์ ldhelidcnfhWueote.nanadscdltseefeopasrrstcn,tordhiwfbeforeoisbtsleedstsqiehnurSegveoaentchtfcifieoaeinmnlcgaLt ileonolafetforoamnbarionnsmrigenareglvaintaynttotadiolenhxaeplalaltihn o Stanley Milgram publishes the article \"Behavioral SหtuมdดyอofาOยbุวeันdทieี่n1ce1\"-.10-2564

147 1964 o Neal E. Miller is the first psychologist to be awarded the National Medal of Science, the highest scientific honor given in the United States, for his studies of motivation and learning. o The FDA approves lithium carbonate to treat patients with bipolar mood disorders. It is marketed under the trade names Eskalith, Lithonate, and Lithane. o Roger Sperry publishes his split brain research. He wins Nobel Prize (in physiology and medicine) for split-brain studies in 1981. 1965 o Stanley Milgram conducts highly controversial study of obedience and disobedience to authority, which many consider the most famous single study in psychology. o Gate control theory proposed by Melzack and Wall. 1966 Masters and Johnson discover four stages of sexual response cycle. 1967 o Aaron Beck publishes The Diagnosis and Management of Depression. A psychological model of depression suggesting that thoughts play a significant role in the development and maintenance of depression. o Ulric Neisser writes Cognitive Psychology; helps to launch field of cognitive 1968 คลงั oooคooวามBPoDFSpHfiรssieSorbดู้ysyIllMlbimctclgิจinhhDmทิeLIoooIosaลัaillsctoonaaมitggs-onndหyyUrdepeา.wuromวaRbbfaิทnaoalPsdยinnhssาeasehJyลst/eocrCcยัtadhahrเhtneboกebaallษsDoyimstตgealhtephรyretaalศehedr(ieาgnPyAสiensnSimตdyd.ot.รeehDch์nreiie.atc)ilDflappyRnelreteophPsafaesesdrnystfjmiecsuvsihseeostinnamditatnereoliccnddfitsoPeARiggsosay.rnsetcoipenhcogoipailnroStoitgocsgnyari.nlaaemt.hTeihlnpeiCnUlginniicvearlsity หมดอายวุ นั ที่ 11-10-2564 behavior. o Roger Sperry demonstrates hemispheric specialization with split-brain patients.

148 1969 o Joseph Wolpe published 'The Practice of Behavior Therapy.' 1970 o Mary Ainworth demonstrates the importance of attachment in the social development of children. 1971 o George Miller publishes an article The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. o First Doctorate in Psychology (Psy.D.) awarded from The University of Illinois - Urbana/Champaign. o B.F. Skinner publishes Beyond Freedom and Dignity. o Phillip Zimbardo and colleagues conduct the “Stanford Prison Study”. o American sociologist Adrian Dove creates the “Dove Counterbalance General intelligence Test” (later known as the Chitling test). 1973 o The American Psychiatric Association removes homosexuality from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It is revised to state that sexual orientation \"does not necessarily constitute a psychiatric disorder.\" o APA endorsed the Psy.D. for professional practice in psychology. o Stanford-Binet is renormed. 1974 คลงั ooooความhtwFfSEtAiehnuรlltioasitandู้ดzmhtrnenaeiิจanamwlbdeิทegnRe.ayuัลsbtBmhrlhrltMoมieiayeepfLtหiirmlatnlhgeorาtairoefsSวsaptccurcิทcmyefiahsnahย,rnngmsrาapsenioลhnquociinbยัondubuhaeเwgeselกRlirissimttษonopyh.ebgiตbeuccdeeรsbhatidhศsrnllOitoaisาimeqPrtbhสndaumeaeตceersldรkmeer,์i.etmePheernsoeroxc,sprpbeyPieutorEirbtosoioTmlnkimsAmeEhSounmayrcttebphsilsa.oisrls,serbiisdcotyrieonca,tniwaTpnsioahltfirmupliuncneocghcrgtitptovrihoareneenptstlhhhiienfyaeennmt(moePpofdaErraleeTltehwv)da,eiooebismutialsietilylynof believed. หมดอายวุ ันที่ 11-10-2564 o Freidman and Roseman discover link between heart disease and Type-A personality.

149 o Memory researchers Tulving and Thomson demonstrate encoding specificity. o Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin publish their landmark review of research on gender differences, which galvanizes research in this area. 1976 o Richard Dawkins publishes The Selfish Gene, which begins to popularize the idea of evolutionary psychology. This approach applies principles from evolutionary biology to the structure and function of the human brain. It offers new ways of looking at social phenomena such as aggression and sexual behavior. o Founding of Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal, first major organization to apply scientific skepticism to paranormal claims. o Hans Selye proposes the General Adaptation. 1977 o First use of statistical technique of meta-analysis, which allows researchers to systematically combine results of multiple studies; demonstrated that psychotherapy is effective. o The stress-vulnerability model of schizophrenia was proposed by Zubin and Spring. 1978 คลังคodEooวilsiาzcมaHpTuASTobhpรuhtmova้ดูeeobhbeentจิmolsrhUidrcyิทloidaca.LnลัSosssarodcf.naมtafihmDhtznnหusoeeididstsาsoudtpวiMlrpnCdsilทิIacfueQhcoiยitltnCenlrsาeCmttstaseลgiiosfn.rasfัยal'utettsdเolsir.กoytipsTqษnffpoochiuตneruoseeodรifnvtsfpศdsieedotoาierctonสdhsctdn.eieตtisishftรcftuihaoeh์rsetinermeetvhianinoanectflatitttdhsiytevoteipsataryteytncsisoodadnfsaoieersfsdy,ciyneiLrnzfiwamaethrindtirenntysIaetQPeitssem.sthevapty.segeptWsasrotaiiitnilmmnhssoeoeCtnsnnAaiystRfl.ir.fwiiolceiratsnhn,ia 1979 o Mary Ainsworth uses the Strange Situation to studyหiมnfดanอtาaยttaวุ cันhทme่ี 1nt1s-t1yl0es-.2564 1980 o DSM III is published by the American Psychiatric Association.

150 o David Hubel & Torsten Wiesel win the Nobel Prize for their work identifying cortical cells that respond to specific events in the visual field. o Folkman and Lazarus introduce the concepts of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping. 1981 o AIDS and HIV first diagnosed The epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection present mental health professionals with challenges ranging from at-risk patients' anxiety and depression to AIDS- related dementia. o David Wechsler begins to devise IQ tests for specific age groups. 1982 Suzanne Kobasa proposes his theory of multiple intelligences. 1983 Howard Gardner (professor at Harvard University) introduced his theory of multiple intelligence, arguing that intelligence is something to be used to improve lives not to measure and quantify human beings. 1985 Robert Sternberg proposes the Triarchic theory of intelligence. 1984 คลังoคRasIUdnhcวeo.sSoาqfbaeมTfH.tuenunCPรhiorintstูด้ttermoydaeeิจSnlssSeDทิotgoiletdaneeลัrefrleesflnwJteoมsshnobnacsหetheAsraRาrtnredtsegวoeBesHvทิRndpi.fisiesaยenrMstenolาafcdpospdcลnkerKaRoัยcflmeceensiเeniyกdeftanA,i.AษecsgeJcrcaตatarytthl.รnllpyepHศol.aaafาfoTtowsrsสcmhisrsahตeeoetenaรhdndlag์reegcutshehtlsaesoprAmlioantshfecssealaeieostnststreiaysbtmynuopcpdrfoedetlpeoefAuedvnclneaatos.tspfieosrp,noarp.vsoaTisodrihfntelefyasotairitnohctnhetreeianfsifricpntselosutrandfehnsedeeisteyhtroaadlthe 1986 1987 provisions for mental health services, and respondหs,มinดpอaาrtย, วุtoนั pทsyี่ c1h1o-lo1g0ic-a2l564 studies on homelessness and mental disorders. o Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft made available The FDA approves the new anti-depressant medication fluoxetine, (Prozac).

151 The drug, and other similar medications, acts on neurotransmitters, specifically, serotonin. It is widely prescribed and attracts attention and debate. o Anna Anastasi Author of the classic text on psychological testing, as well as numerous articles on psychological testing and assessment and is awarded the National Medal of Science. o Gender schema theory of gender role development proposed by Sandra Bem. 1988 American Psychological Society is established. 1990 o Cultural psychology In Acts of Meaning, Four Lectures on Mind and Culture, Jerome Bruner helps formulate cultural psychology, an approach drawing on philosophy, linguistics, and Anthropology. Refined and expanded by Hazel Markus and other researchers, cultural psychology focuses on the influences and relationship among mind, cultural community and behavior. o Noam Chomsky publishes On Nature, Use and Acquisition of Language. o The emergence of managed care prompts the APA to become more political, leading to the idea of Prescribing Psychologists and equity in mental health 1991 คลังoคEooวleาaมScLTcpSTnahowรhettroeู้ดnviroeilsnrvdegิจmseosrrGทิsueaannRaัลirngasbegPeelsมaisBeatio.nyecหron,IkeaqาnueidruวnasccriิทtthwArheipenaยaerpucreาrrladbatdลs.Rrnlteaยัtiss,igdnเc,hdกuhdaeteษaahnscmgตredodaeรoNln,oศlnLeatwาsaahatสthzriegrotตaaiirucncรrteihiaulm์nesslhgpMipnedosueeruSlabtdvabctelaeinsisellortthanopidnncfmsedetSitaahiacvijlnioiiiseldgstrrncueorfcoauendeglrseutdunthfciolciietitfnrsifrvebghieornaee-fhsmrnhMieslcieissifentedhfbsntioeia.oemrotosiireonokynttoTeaoafhlfllSriegthehtuoesedewnoacyrryeoc.,fh 1992 on topics such as depth perception and basic procesหseมsดinอvoาlยveุวdนั wทitี่h1r1ea-1di0ng-2. 564 1994 DSM IV is published by the American Psychiatric Association.

152 1995 o First Psychologists prescribe medication through the U.S. military's psychopharmacology program. o Task force of Division 12 (Society of Clinical Psychology) of American Psychological Association publishes list of, and criteria for, empirically supported psychotherapies. o Goleman proposes idea of emotional intelligence. o Mischel and Shoda propose the concept of trait-situation interactions in the study of personality. 1996 McCrae and Costa propose the Big Five Personality dimensions. 1997 o Deep Blue, the supercomputer at the time, beats the World's best chess player, Kasparov, marking a milestone in the development of artificial intelligence. o Robert Ellis proposes rational emotive behavioral therapy. o Elisabeth Kubler-Ross outlines the stages of death and dying from studies of terminally ill patients. 1998 o Psychology advances to the technological age with the emergence of e- therapy. คลงั ooคPวsาyมSMAStcmpuhnhรiresxaaeoู้ดodsqtrpjeoflิจeteuoaipencทิcregtisnhintnัลaitSsegaicptsteiมrnisounolcหdoinbggifunfiาlnmt.ricoวhcrGgSoeทิafeerunnnotยehhlattfiาselguemyihลesmmmuัยHauegpamaเnrulกcanonedmahษircnegnfaaตotireernpwndcรyndsrศueaeGpetsivาyPtstoeeueส.irccsenstlตoriiosotciรoppiivnmo์dntmesideoePeeanpnon,rtsopstpyoiuarcrtfiionnvvhthviddeoleiedltodPghiAgniseesmgyysewc.aeafhoosriorrrecellpd.oassAgnecyyaoPsc.rmishcmHyohpeictllarbehiorstao,peslwpoiicasgridimv\"ifcewoaealrotyedlarvkliyciinenafewgutwinoeddndre.aadfts,\" 1999 2000 o DSM IV-TR is published by The American PsychiaหtriมcดAอssาoยciวุ aันtioทn.ี่ 11-10-2564 The latest revision of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is published in a version for personal digital assistants (PDAs).

153 o Genetic researchers finish mapping human genes. Scientists hope to one day isolates the individual genes responsible for different diseases. 2002 o New Mexico becomes the first state to pass legislation allowing licensed psychologists to prescribe psychotropic medication. o The push for mental health parity gets the attention of the White House as President George W. Bush promotes legislation that would guarantee comprehensive mental health coverage. o Steven Pinker publishes The Blank Slate, arguing against the concept of tabula rasa. o the first International Conference on Positive Psychology o Daniel Kahneman becomes first Ph.D. psychologist to win Nobel Prize; honored for his pioneering work (with late Amos Tversky) on biases and heuristics. o The American Psychological Association’s Council of Representatives adopted the APA Ethics Code during its meeting on Aug. 21, 2002. The Code became effective on June 1, 2003. 2004 คลังคTA22TADh00hวPPSาee11SAMม07sf’msรi,.reVดู้sbCectจิeimosoWทิcnubpaัลdoneumrcมarbldseiหmlliosvCeาehofวfonfetRิทeenddceยgmttpาobriveeลryecensยั shtstเJheกaAuoennษnPntgAตaeAPemtรi1oevศne,setาahr2isสitmici0cvตaa1eeรmcn0์ toP,eoPdsnsAeydycsecohsdhnooiactAlohtiuargeigtcyi2o.Ai0n3s0s,hfs3o2eor0Elcd1Ptiha6siniyt,cicobsPnhehC.ocilolaaodmdgeeieclopaenhlffSiFeacec.ibteiv.ne2c0eJ,.an. 1, 2009 2010 2013 2017 หมดอายวุ นั ท่ี 11-10-2564