TỔNG HỢP 25 CHUYÊN ĐỀ NGỮ PHÁP SƠ ĐỒ TƯ DUY

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MỤC LỤC Trang Lời nói đầu ( Introduction )……………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Bảng từ viết tắt ( List of English abbreviations/words )…………………………....…………….. 3 Module 1: Pronunciation(Phát âm)……………………………………………………………………….…... 4 Module 2: Stress(Trọng âm) ……………………………………………………………………………………... 6 Module 3: Verb tenses( Thì của động từ) …………………………………………………………………... 8 Module 4: The sequence of tenses( Sự phối hợp thì) ………………………………………………… 9 Module 5: Subject and verb agreements( Sự hòa hợp chủ ngữ và động từ) ……………..… 11 Module 6: Modal verbs(Động từ khiếm khuyết) ………………………………………………………… 13 Module 7: The subjunctive mood( Thức giả định) …………………………………………………….. 16 Module 8: Gerund and infinitive verb( V-ing /to V/V(bare) ) + Lối nói phụ họa………… 18 Module 9: Tag questions( Câu hỏi đuôi)………………………………………………………………….…. 22 Module 10: Comparisons(Sự so sánh)……………………………………………………………………….. 23 Module 11: The orders of the adjectives(Trật tự của tính từ)……………………………………. 25 Module 12: Articles(Mạo từ) …………………………………………………………………………………….. 26 Module 13: Word formation(Cấu tạo từ) ………………………………………………………………….. 29 Module 14: Expressions of quantity( Từ chỉ định lượng) ………………………………………….. 32 Module 15: Passive voices(Thể bị động) …………………………………………………………………… 34 Module 16: Conditional sentences and wish(Câu điều kiện & câu điều ước)………….…... 39 Module 17: Reported speech(Câu tường thuật) ……………………………………………………..….. 41 Module 18: Relative clauses(Mệnh đề quan hệ) ………………………………………………….......…. 44 Module 19: Phrase and clauses(Cụm từ và một câu) +Clauses of manner with………….. 46 Module 20: Inversion(Đảo ngữ) …………………………………………………………………………………. 48 Module 21: Conjunctions(Liên từ)………………………………......……………………………….……….... 50 Module 22: Prepositions( Giới từ) ……………………………………………………………………………... 53 Module 23: Phrasal verbs( Cụm động từ) ………………………………………………………………..…. 61 Module 24: Idioms( Thành ngữ) ……………………………………………………………………………..….. 69 Module 25: Collocations( Cụm từ cố định) …………………………………………………………………. 76 Others structures( Một số cấu trúc khác) ……………………………………………………………………. 79 Correct the mistakes ( Tìm lỗi sai )…………………………………………………………………………...... 83 Communications( Chức năng giao tiếp) …………………………………………………………………….… 84 Common family words( Bảng từ loại thông dụng) …………………………………………………….…. 87 Irregular verbs( Bảng động từ bất quy tắc) ……………………………………………………………….… 98 Page 1

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) LỜI NÓI ĐẦU Các bạn thân mến! Theo xu thế phát triển xã hội và hội nhập kinh tế toàn cầu, Tiếng Anh ngày càng trở nên quan trọng và cần thiết hơn bao giờ hết. Tuy nhiên ngôn ngữ là một phạm trù rất rộng nên việc thông thạo ngoại ngữ đòi hỏi người đọc phải kiên trì,quyết tâm và đặc biệt là cần có phương pháp học tập hiệu quả. • Bạn cảm thấy khó khăn với việc học những công thức, mẫu câu ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh phức tạp và cách giải thích dài dòng khó hiểu. • Bạn đã học đi học lại nhiều lần nhưng vẫn không thể ghi nhớ được những kiến thức ngữ pháp đó . • Bạn băn khoăn về khả năng ghi nhớ của mình trước một lượng kiến thức khổng lồ trong ngôn ngữ mỗi ngày • Bạn nói và viết Tiếng Anh nhưng rất sợ người nghe, người đọc hiểu nhầm ý vì sai ngữ pháp của câu. Quyển sách Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh bạn cầm trên tay giúp bạn học và ghi nhớ ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh một cách nhanh chóng qua những ví dụ minh họa và Sơ đồ tư duy ( Mind Map ) Kiến thức siêu đầy đủ ,áp dụng dễ dàng.Phù hợp với mọi trình độ ,mọi đối tượng từ giáo viên đến học sinh. Quyển sách này sẽ giúp bạn ! • Đột phá việc ghi nhớ các kiến thức • Nắm trọn ngữ pháp thông qua những từ khóa chính • Kích thích sự phát triển não bộ qua các sơ đồ tư duy • Tăng tính ứng dụng thực tế trong các tình huống Trong quá trình biên soạn sách có thể có những thiếu sót nhất định.Tôi mong nhận được sự góp ý quý báu của các bạn để sách hoàn thiện hơn. Chúc bạn học tốt ! Sơ đồ tư duy được mệnh danh là “ công cụ vạn năng cho bộ não” một phương pháp trình bày ý tưởng ,kiến thức bằng những từ khóa chính, hình ảnh và màu sắc, giúp não bộ phát huy tối đa khả năng ghi nhớ Page 2

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) LIST OF ENGLISH ABBREVIATIONS/WORDS STT Tên viết tắt Tên viết đầy đủ Ý nghĩa 1S Subject Chủ ngữ 2V Verb Động từ 3O Object Tân ngữ 4 Adj Adjective Tính từ 5 Adv Adverb Trạng từ 6N Noun Danh từ 7 Vp2 Quá khứ phân từ 8 Sb Past participle Một ai đó 9 St Somebody Một cái gì đó 10 V-ing Something Danh động từ/hiện tại phân từ 11 Np Cụm danh từ Gerund / present participle Noun phrase Page 3

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 1: PRONUNCIATION PHÁT ÂM Nguyên âm ngắn - Short Nguyên âm dài - Long Nguyên âm đôi- Diphthongs vowels vowels - /ai/: buy, skỵ, hi, shy - / ɔɪ /: boy, enjoy, toy - - / ə/: ago, mother, togethe - / iː/ meet, beat, heat - /ei/: day, baby, stay - /i/: hit, bit, sit -/u:/: school, food, moon - /ou /: no, go, so - / ʌ /: study, shut, must - /a:/: father, star, car - /au/: now, sound, cow - / ɒ /: got job, hospital - / ɔː/: sport, more, store - / ʊə /: poor, sure, tour - /u/: put, should, foot – -/ ɜː /: bird, shirt, early - / eə /: air, care, share -/e/: bed, send, tent, spend - / ɪə /: near, tear, cheer - / æ /: cat, chat, man NGUYÊN ÂM - /b/: bag, baby VOWELS - /p/: pupil, pay, stop - /d/: dog, daddy, dead PHIÊN ÂM - /k/: kiss, key - /m/: mother, map, come PHỤ ÂM - /j/: yes, yellow CONSONANTS - /n/: many, none, news - /s/: see, summer - /l/: love, lucky, travel - /z/: zoo, visit - /r/: river, restaurant - /h/: hat, honey - /t/: tea, teach - / dʒ /: village, jam, generous - /g /: get, game, go - / θ /: thin, thick, something, birth - /f/: fall, laugh, fiction - / ð /: mother, with, this - /v/: visit, van - / ʃ /: she, sugar - /w/: wet, why - / ʒn /: vision - / tʃ /: children, chicken, watch - / ŋ /: thank, sing Page 4

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) ❖ PHÁT ÂM “ ED ” or “S / ES ” /s / k , p, f , t, th ( khắp phố phường tối thui ) Cách phát âm đuôi -s / iz / Ch, X , S, Z, Sh, SE, CE, GE /z/ ( Chúng xổ số zới Sh sẽ có ghệ ) Khi tận cùng trước nó là nguyên âm và các phụ âm còn lại Cách phát âm đuôi -ed / id / t , d ( tình đầu ) /t/ / d/ sh, s, ch, ss, ce, x, k ,p, f = gh (Sáng sớm chi sáu chạy xe khắp phố phường ) Khi tận cùng trước -ed nó là nguyên âm và các phụ âm còn lại Note đuôi -s Note đuôi -ed - “se” đọc là “z” or “s” Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm - “Ce =S” /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked, - “gh” đọc là “f” : laugh , cough, tough , rough ragged wicked , blessed , wretched Page 5

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. Question 1: A. final B. writer C. ivory D. widow Question 2: A. passed B. managed C. cleared D. threatened Question 3: A. ejects B. defends C. advocates D. breaths Question 4: A. produced B. believed C. stopped D. laughed Question 5: A. alien B. alloy C. alley D. anthem Question 6: A. affected B. looked C. decreased D. washed Question 7: A. missed B. worked C. realized D. watched Question 8: A. need B. speech C. see D. career Question 9: A. loved B. appeared C. agreed D. coughed Question 10: A. pagoda B. integral C. against D. aquatic Question 11: A. imagines B. bikes C. cultures D. involves Question 12: A. office B. practice C. service D. device Question 13: A. finished B. cooked C. attended D. laughed Question 14: A. number B. future C. furious D. amuse Question 15: A. concerned B. candied C. travelled D. dried Question 16: A. speaks B. speeds C. graphs D. beliefs Question 17: A. dune B. hummock C. shrub D. buffalo Question 18: A. increased B. pleased C. replaced D. fixed Question 19: A. looks B. knows C. helps D. sits Question 20: A. linked B. declared C. finished D. developed Question 21: A. heat B. beat C. meant D. easy Question 22: A. sports B. thanks C. games D. enthusiasts Question 23: A. sacrificed B. trusted C. recorded D. acted Question 24: A. cooks B. loves C. joins D. spends Question 25: A. interviewed B. performed C. finished D. delivered Question 26: A. misses B. goes C. leaves D. potatoes Question 27: A. removed B. approved C. reminded D. relieved Question 28: A. young B. plough C. couple D. cousin Question 29: A. confine B. conceal C. convention D. concentrate Question 30: A. isolated B. climate C. island D. automobile Question 31: A. river B. rival C. native D. driven Question 32: A. valentine B. imagine C. discipline D. determine Question 33: A. crop B. common C. household D. bodily Question 34: A. merchant B. sergeant C. mermaid D. commercial Question 35: A. obstacle B. obscure C. obsession D. oblivious Question 36: A. failed B. reached C. absorbed D. solved Question 37: A. develops B. takes C. laughs D. volumes Question 38: A. species B. invent C. medicine D. tennis Question 39: A. advanced B. established C. preferred D. stopped Question 40: A. exact B. examine C. eleven D. elephant Page 6

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) Question 41: A. heavy B. head C. weather D. heat Question 42: A. processed B. infested C. balanced D. reached Question 43: A. food B. shoot C. book D. boot Question 44: A. amount B. country C. counter D. around Question 45: A. apologize B. agree C. algebra D. aggressive Question 46: A. likes B. tightens C. heaps D. coughs Question 47: A. building B. suitable C. suit D. recruitment Question 48: A. create B. creature C. easy D. increase Question 49: A. needed B. played C. rained D. followed Question 50: A. ploughs B. photographs C. gas D. laughs Question 51: A. broad B. load C. road D. boat Question 52: A. acronym B. agency C. became D. aviation Question 53: A. account B. amount C. mourning D. trout Question 54: A. sound B. touchy C. outdated D. account Question 55: A. fungus B. rubbish C. function D. furious Question 56: A. contain B. entertain C. certain D. campaign Question 57: A. measure B. pleasure C. threat D. treat Question 58: A. south B. southern C. scout D. drought Question 59: A. dome B. comb C. home D. tomb Question 60: A. accountant B. country C. count D. fountain Question 61: A. clubs B. books C. hats D. stamps Question 62: A. advance B. ancient C. cancer D. annual Question 63: A. canoeing B. penalty C. rival D. tsunami Question 64: A. increase B. meant C. flea D. lease Question 65: A. goalie B. archive C. signal D. advertisement Question 66: A. bury B. hurt C. turn D. excursion Question 67: A. book B. foot C. brook D. booth Question 68: A. punctual B. rubbish C. thunder D. furious Question 69: A. sound B. touch C. down D. account Question 70: A. clerk B. reserve C. deserve D. herb Question 71: A. spark B. share C. park D. smart Question 72: A. hasty B. nasty C. wastage D. tasty Question 73: A. neigh B. height C. weigh D. vein Question 74: A. butter B. gum C. butcher D. summer Question 75: A. hall B. salt C. drawn D. roll Question 76: A. lost B. post C. loan D. pole Question 77: A. adopted B. appealed C. dedicated D. wounded Question 78: A. mile B. militant C. smile D. kind Question 79: A. peace B. great C. treat D. meat Question 80: A. sailor B. tailor C. naivety D. painter Page 7

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 2: STRESS Tiếng Anh là ngôn ngữ đa âm tiết. Những từ có hai âm tiết trở lên luôn có một âm tiết phát âm khác biệt hẳn so với những âm tiết còn lại về độ dài, độ lớn và độ cao. Âm tiết nào được phát âm to hơn, giọng cao hơn và kéo dài hơn các âm khác trong cùng một từ thì ta nói âm tiết đó được nhấn trọng âm. Hay nói cách khác, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đó. Khi nhìn vào phiên âm của một từ thì trọng âm của từ đó được kí hiệu bằng dấu (') ở phía trước, bên trên âm tiết đó. QUY TẮC VÍ DỤ NGOẠI LỆ CHUNG 1. Từ có 2 âm tiết: candy, really, active, carrot cadec, listen, - Danh từ hoặc tính từ: nhấn ở dictate, present, export, open, guitar, âm tiết đầu begin, dictate, present, patrol, visit - Động từ: nhấn ở âm tiết cuối export, prevent arithmetic, 2. Các từ tận cùng là: IC, ION, economic, revision, colonial, heretic, IA, IAL, IAN, IAR, IENCE, IENCY, musician, familiar, appliance IENT, IANCE, IUM, IOUS, EOUS, experience, efficient, UOUS ( nhấn trước nó 1 âm) incarnate, gymnasium, continuous disastrous 3. Các từ tận cùng là: OUS, ATE, TUDE, ITY, ETY, AL, LOGY, adventurous, considerate, centigrade, GRAPHY, METRY, NOMY, CY attitude, capacity, variety, committee, (nhấn trước nó 2 âm) mechanical, astrology, overseer 4. Các từ tận cùng là: ADE, EE, photography, democracy ESE, EER, OO, OON, ETTE, employee, Vietnamese, ESQUE, trọng âm thường nhấn engineer, volunteer, ở vần cuối. ( nhấn vào chính bamboo, balloon, cigarette, nó) picturesque 5. Danh từ kép, trọng âm rơi blackbird, greenhouse vào âm tiết đầu bad-tempered, old- 6. Tính từ kép, động từ kép, fashioned understand, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ overflow hai Page 8

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) CHÚ Ý KHI XÉT TRỌNG ÂM - Đối với từ có 3 âm tiết Trọng âm thường Nếu tất cả các âm mà hoặc có 4 âm tiết: rơi vào nguyên âm ngắn hết thì trọng - trọng âm rơi và âm tiết dài/nguyên âm đôi âm rơi vào âm tiết ở trước hậu tố ‘tion, hoặc âm cuối kết thứ nhất ion, ment’ thúc với nhiều hơn một phụ âm Trọng âm không bao giờ Đối với từ có 2 âm tiết: rơi vào âm /ə/hoặc là - khi âm tiết đầu được âm /əʊ/. phát âm là /ə/ thì trọng âm rơi vài âm tiết thứ 2 PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions. Question 1: A. apply B. persuade C. reduce D. offer Question 2: A. preservatives B. congratulate C. preferential D. development Question 3: A. president B. physicist C. inventor D. property Question 4: A. economy B. unemployment C. communicate D. particular Question 5: A. elephant B. dinosaur C. buffalo D. mosquito Question 6: A. scientific B. intensity C. disappearance D. expectation Question 7: A. conference B. lecturer C. researcher D. reference Question 8: A. intentional B. optimistic C. environment D. participant Question 9: A. explain B. happen C. decide D. combine Question 10: A. represent B. intensive C. domestic D. employment Question 11: A. minister B. dependent C. encourage D. agreement Question 12: A. equip B. listen C. answer D. enter Question 13: A. involve B. provide C. install D. comment Question 14: A. hospital B. inflation C. policy D. constantly Question 15: A. garment B. comment C. cement D. even Question 16: A. different B. achievement C. educate D. primary Question 17: A. sorrow B. schooling C. passion D. subtract Question 18: A. certainty B. activity C. organize D. compliment Question 19: A. publish B. replace C. involve D. escape Page 9

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) Question 20: A. police B. system C. woman D. novel Question 21: A. attract B. amaze C. offer D. require Question 22: A. delicate B. promotion C. volcanic D. resources Question 23: A. figure B. honest C. polite D. happy Question 24: A. engage B. import C. conserve D. maintain Question 25: A. original B. responsible C. reasonable D. comparison Question 26: A. person B. hotel C. signal D. instance Question 27: A. situation B. appropriate C. informality D. entertainment Question 28: A. different B. bamboo C. rainfall D. wildlife Question 29: A. gorilla B. interesting C. September D. opponent Question 30: A. promote B. precede C. picture D. pollute Question 31: A. exciting B. impolite C. attention D. attractive Question 32: A. curious B. receive C. unique D. achieve Question 33: A. comprehend B. entertain C. develop D. introduce Question 34: A. consider B. concentrate C. interest D. sacrifice Question 35: A. pollutant B. graduate C. enjoyable D. suspicious Question 36: A. generous B. endangered C. horrible D. wonderful Question 37: A. history B. village C. surprise D. physics Question 38: A. deafness B. arrange C. absorb D. exhaust Question 39: A. pressure B. sensible C. treatment D. canal Question 40: A. publish B. predict C. reply D. refuse Question 41: A. machine B. export C. chemist D. proceed Question 42: A. applicant B. preference C. sufficient D. appointment Question 43: A. interview B. concentrate C. comfortable D. technology Question 44: A. example B. happiness C. advantage D. disaster Question 45: A. explain B. involve C. swallow D. control Question 46: A. character B. guitarist C. astronaut D. bachelor Question 47: A. surgeon B. conquest C. profit D. canal Question 48: A. supply B. consist C. happen D. delay Question 49: A. broaden B. persuade C. reduce D. explain Question 50: A. solidarity B. effectively C. documentary D. dedication Question 51: A. royal B. unique C. remote D. extreme Question 52: A. enroll B. promote C. require D. danger Question 53: A. optimistic B. diversity C. environment D. assimilate Question 54: A. affectionate B. kindergarten C. respectable D. occasional Question 55: A. certificate B. compulsory C. remember D. information Question 56: A. treasure B. appoint C. advance D. diverse Question 57: A. conceal B. contain C. conserve D. conquer Question 58: A. forgettable B. philosophy C. humanism D. objectively Question 59: A. centralize B. candidate C. applicant D. motivation Question 60: A. compass B. campus C. comfort D. command Page 10

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 3:VERB TENSES Thì SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST Dạng (Hiện tại đơn) (Quá khứ đơn) Khẳng định S + V[-s/es] S + V-ed/V cột 2 Phủ định Nghi vấn S + don’t / doesn’t + V1 S + didn’t + V1 Do / Does + S + V1 …? Dấu hiệu Did + S + V1 …? nhận biết - always, usually, occasionally, often, … - every:every day, every year, every - yesterday Sunday - last + time: last week, last Sunday… - once a day , twice…, 3 times… - time+ ago : two months ago, five years ago… - in the past, in + year (past): in 1990, … Thì PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS Dạng (Hiện tại tiếp diễn) (Quá khứ tiếp diễn) Khẳng định S + am / is / are + V-ing S + was / were + V-ing Phủ định Nghi vấn S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing …? Was / Were + S + V-ing …? Dấu hiệu nhận biết - now, at present - At that moment - at the moment - When / As + S + (simple past), S + was/ were V- - Sau câu mệnh lệnh : ing Vd: Keep silent! The baby is sleeping. Vd: When I came, she was crying. Look! He is running. - While : Vd: A dog crossed the road while I was driving. Thì PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT Dạng (Hiện tại hoàn thành) (Quá khứ hoàn thành) Khẳng định S + has / have + V-ed/V cột 3 S + had + V-ed/V cột 3 Phủ định Nghi vấn S + hasn’t / haven’t + V-ed/ V cột 3 S + hadn’t + V-ed/ V cột 3 Has / Have + S + V-ed/ V cột 3 …? Had + S + V-ed/ V cột 3…? Dấu hiệu - just, already, ever, yet, recently, nhận biết lately,.. - after + S + had V3/ED , (simple past) - since, for : since 1995, for 9 years - before + (simple past), S + had V3/ED - so far, up to now , It is the first - By the time + S + V(simple past) , S + had V3/ED: time….. cho đến lúc........ Page 11

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) Thì SIMPLE FUTURE FUTURE PERFECT Dạng (Tương lai đơn) (Tương lai hoàn thành) Khẳng định S + will + V 1 S + will have+ V-ed/ V cột 3 Phủ định Nghi vấn S + won’t + V 1 S + won’t have + V-ed/ V cột 3 Dấu hiệu Will + S + V 1? Will + S + have + V-ed/ V cột 3…? nhận biết - tomorrow : next week, next - by the end of this month - next + time - by the time+S+ V (simple present), S + will have Monday,…. V3/ED - in the future Thì NEAR FUTURE FUTURE CONTINUOUS Dạng (Tương lai gần) (Tương lai tiếp diễn) S + will be + ving Khẳng S + am/is/are going to + V 1 định - Diển tả 1 sự việc đang xảy ra ở tương lai. Dấu hiệu - Diễn tả 1 kế hoạch, dự định. nhận biết - Diễn tả 1 dự đoán có căn cứ PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. Jane________law at Harvard for four years now. A. is studying B. has been studying C. studies D. studied 2. This time tomorrow________on the beach sunbathing and drinking freshly squeezed fruit juice! A. I’ll have been lying B. I will lie C. I will be lying D. I will have lain 3. We________for three hours and we are very tired. A. waited B. have been waiting C. wait D. had waited 4. She________for hours. That’s why her eyes are red now. A. cried B. has been crying C. was crying D. has cried 5. When I last saw him, he________in London. A. is living B. has been living C. was living D. lived 6. By the time he arrives here tomorrow, they________for London. A. would have left B. will have left C. will left D. are leaving 7. Mr. Pike________English at our school for 20 years before he retired last year. A. had been teaching B. has been teaching C. was teaching D. is teaching 8. They________for Japan at 10.30 tomorrow. A. will be leaving B. have left C. will have left D. will leave 9. When I________to the airport, I realized that I________my passport at home. A. got/had left B. got/left C. had got/had left D. got/was left 10. I________was angry when you saw me because I________with my sister. A. have been arguing B. had been arguing C. argued D. would argue 11. Call me as soon as you________your test results. Page 12

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) A. get B. will get C. will have got D. got 12. I________to Greece until Sally and I went there last summer. A. have never been B. had never been C. was never being D. were never 13. I________ along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me. A. was walking B. am walking C. walk D. walked 14. He occasionally________a headache in the morning. A. has had B. has C. have D. is having 15. The boy fell while he________down the stairs. A. run B. running C. was running D.runs 16. I will come and see you before I________for America. A. leave B. will leave C. have left D. left 17. When the first child was born, they _______ for three years. A. have been married B. had been married C. will be married D. will have been married 18. It________a long time since we were apart. I did not recognize her. A. is B. has been C. was D. had been 19. Many of the people who attended Mr. David’s funeral________him for many years. A. didn’t see B. wouldn’t see C. haven’t seen D. hadn’t seen 20. We were both very excited about the visit, as we________each other for________ages. A. never saw B. didn’t see C. hadn’t seen D. haven’t seen 21. In one year’s time, she________for this company for 15 years. A. will be working B. will have been working C. will work D. has worked 22. His health has improved a lot since he________doing exercises regularly. A. starts B. started C. has started D. had started 23. She hurt herself while she________hide-and-seek with her friends. A. is playing B. had played C. played D. was playing 24. .What________at 9 o’clock last night? I phoned you but couldn’t get through to you. A. did you do B. were you doing C. would you do D. had you done 25. It is raining heavily with rolls of thunder. We________such a terrible thunderstorm. A. would never see B. had never seen C. have never seen D. never see 26. I _______ my old teacher last week. A. visited B. visit C. am visiting D. have visited 27. My brother usually ________me for help when he has any difficulties with his homework. A. ask B. asks C. asked D. has asked 28. I ______ all of my homework last night. A. finish B. will finish C. have finished D. finished 29. Lan________ learning English a few years ago. A. starts B. will start C. started D. is starting 30. Only after she________from a severe illness did she realize the importance of good health. A. would recover B. has recovered C. had recovered D. was recovering 31. Only after the bus________for a few miles did Jane realize she was on the wrong route. A. was running B. had run C. has run D. runs 32. The children________to bed before their parents came home from work. Page 13

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) A. were all going B. had all gone C. had all been going D. have all gone 33. Paul noticed a job advertisement while he________along the street. A. was walking B. would walk C. walked D. had walked 34. I haven’t met him again since we________school ten years ago. A. have left B. leave C. left D. had left 35. For the last 20 years, we________significant changes in the world of science and technology. A. witness B. have witnessed C. witnessed D. are witnessing 36. My best friend Lan________to England 10 years ago. A. was moving B. moves C. moved D. has moved 37. Mr.Pike________for this company for more than thirty years, and he intends to stay here until he________. A. worked/retires B. works/is retiring C. has been working/retires D. is working/will retire 38. While I________at the bus stop, three buses went by in the opposite direction. A. was waiting B. waited C. had waited D. were waiting 39. By the end of last March, I________English for five years. A. had been studied B. had been studying C. will have been studying D. will have studied 40. ________Alan for hours but he hasn’t answered his mobile. I hope nothing’s wrong. A. I call B. I’ve been calling C. I’m calling D. called 41. We________in silence when he suddenly________me to help him. A. walked - was asking B. were walking - asked C. were walking - was asking D. walked - asked 42. By the time the software________on sale next month, the company________$2 million on developing it. A. went - had spent B. will go - has spent C. has gone - will spend D. goes - will have spent 43. When Carol________last night, I________my favorite show on television. A. called /was watching B. had called /watched C. called /have watched D. was calling /watched 44. Linda took great photos of butterflies while she________in the forest. A. was hiking B. is hiking C. hiked D. had hiked 45. When I________for my sister in front of the supermarket, a strange man came to talk with me. A. was waiting B. waited C. had waited D. were waiting Page 14

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 4: THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES Một câu có thể bao gồm một mệnh đề chính (main clause) và một hoặc nhiều mệnh đề phụ (subordinate clause). Khi trong câu có hai mệnh đề trở lên, các động từ phải có sự phối hợp về thì. ➢ Một số cách hòa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian: Main clause Adverbial clause of time (Mệnh đề chính) (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian) Hiện tại Hiện tại Quá khứ Quá khứ Tương lai Hiện tại 1. Sự phối hợp thì trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian: diễn tả hành động xảy Trong QUÁ KHỨ: ra nối tiếp nhau WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ đơn) Eg: When he saw me, he smiled, at me. Trong TƯƠNG LAI: WHEN + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai đơn) Eg: When I see him, I will remind him to call you. WHEN diễn tả một hành động Trong QUÁ KHỨ: đang xảy ra thì có hành WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ tiếp diễn) động khác xen vào Eg: When I came to see her, she was cooking dinner. Trong TƯƠNG LAI: WHEN + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai tiếp diễn) Eg: When you come in, your boss will be waiting for you there. diễn tả một hành động Trong QUÁ KHỨ: xảy ra xong trước một WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) hành động khác Eg: When I arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off Trong TƯƠNG LAI: WHEN + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V(tương lai hoàn thành) Eg: When you return to the town, they will have finished building a new bridge. AS diễn tả hành động xảy Trong QUÁ KHỨ: SOON ra nối tiếp nhau AS SOON AS + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ đơn) Eg: As soon as she saw a mouse, she shouted and ran away. AS Trong TƯƠNG LAI: AS SOON AS + S + V (hiện tại đơn/hiện tại hoàn thành), S + V (tương lai đơn) Eg: I will call you as soon as I have finished / finish the work. SINCE diễn tả nghĩa “từ khi’’ S + V (hiện tại hoàn thành) + SINCE + V (quá khứ đơn) Eg: We have known each other since we were at high school. BY + diễn tả hành động kết Trong QUÁ KHỨ: TIME thúc tính đến một điểm BY + trạng từ của quá khứ + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) nào đó trong quá Eg: By last month, we had worked for the company for 9 years. khứ/tương lai Trong TƯƠNG LAI: BY + trạng từ của tương lai + S + V (tương lai hoàn thành) Eg: By next month, we will have worked for the company for 9 years. Trong QUÁ KHỨ: Page 15

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) AT diễn tả hành động đang AT THIS/THAT TIME + trạng từ của quá khứ + S + V (quá khứ tiếp THIS/ xảy ra tại một thời diễn) THAT điểm xác định trong Eg: At this time last week, we were preparing for Tet. TIME quá khứ/tương lai Trong TƯƠNG LAI: AT THIS/THAT TIME + trạng từ của tương lai + S + V (tương lai tiếp diễn) Eg: At this time next week, we will be having a big party in the garden. BY THE diễn tả nghĩa “vào lúc” Trong QUÁ KHỨ: TIME BY THE TIME + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) Eg: By the time she got home, everyone had gone to bed. Trong TƯƠNG LAI: BY THE TIME + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai hoàn thành) Eg: By the time she gets home, everyone will have gone to bed. AFTER diễn tả hành động xảy Trong QUÁ KHỨ: ra xong rồi mới tới AFTER + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành), S + V (quá khứ đơn) hành động khác Eg: After she had done her homework, she went out for a walk. Trong TƯƠNG LAI: AFTER + S + V (hiện tại hoàn thành), S + V (hiện tại đơn) Eg: After she has done her homework, she goes out for a walk. diễn tả hành động xảy Trong QUÁ KHỨ: BEFORE ra xong trước khi có BEFORE + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) Eg: Before she went to bed, she had locked all the doors. hành động khác tới Trong TƯƠNG LAI: BEFORE + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai hoàn thành) Eg: Hurry up or the film will have ended before we go to the movie. UNTIL/ diễn tả nghĩa “cho tới S + V (tương lai đơn)/ V(bare)/DON’T + V(bare) + UNTIL/TILL + S + TILL khi” V (hiện tại đơn/hiện tại hoàn thành) Eg: I will wait for you until it is possible. Wait here until I come back. ➢ CHANGE INTO THE PAST SIMPLE  PRESENT SIMPLE PERFECT 1.S + Last +V2/ed + time +ago/in+ mốc thời gian./when + clause => S +have/has + not + V3/ed + for +khoảng thời gian. + since + mốc thời gian. =>It’s + time + since + S +last +V2/ed =>The last time + S + V2/ed +was+ time + ago 2.This is the first time + S + have/has + V3/ed =>S + have/has + never + V3/ed + before 3.S started/began + Ving/to V +………………+khoảng thời gian +ago =>S + have/has + V3/ed +……………...In + mốc thời gian./when + clause +for + khoảng thời gian +since + mốc thời gian 4.When + did + S + started/begin + to V/Ving………..? =>How long + have/has + S + V3/ed….? Page 16

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. I ________ your brother at Green Street yesterday afternoon. A. meet B. met C. have met D. had met 2. He ________ a cigarette and ________ to the window. A. light; walked B. lit; walks C. lighted; walked D. lights; walks 3. After she ________ for help, she ________ off her shoes and ________ in to save him. A. shouted; took; jumped B. had shouted; took; jumped C. had shouted; had taken; jumped D. shouted; had taken; jumped 4. I can't go with you because I ________ my homework yet. A. haven't finished B. had finished C. finished D. finish 5. He ________ for London 2 years ago and since then I ________ him. A. have left; didn't see B. left; haven't seen C. eft; hadn't seen D. had left; have't seen 6. The performance ________ at 7 o'clock and ________ for 3 hours. We all ________ it very much. A. had started; had lasted; enjoyed B. had started; lasted; enjoyed C. started; had lasted; enjoyed D. started; lasted; enjoyed 7. Tell them to stop and take a rest. They ________ long enough. A. have worked B. had worked C. have been working D. had been working 8. \"You ________ here before?” □ \"Yes, I ________ my holidays here last year.” A. have you been; spended B. have you been; spent C. had you been; spent D. were you; spent 9. We ________ our housework by tomorrow evening. A. will finish B. will have finished C. will be finishing D. are going to finish 10. \"Your face is dirty, Tom.” - \"All right, I ________ it.” A. am washing B. am going to wash C. will wash D. will have washed 11. Coming into the room, he ________ Mary where he ________ her. A. see; left B. saw; had left C. had seen; left D. saw; was leaving 12. I ________ from him since he ________ two years ago. A. hadn't heard; disappeared B. haven't heard; disappeared C. didn't hear; has disappeared D. will not hear; disappears 13. After the guests ________ she ________ back into the living-room and ________ off the light. A. left; went; turned B. had left; had gone; turned C. have leftt; will got; turned D. had left; went; turned 14. By the time you finish cooking they ________ their homework. A. will have finished B. will finish C. had finished D. have finished 15. \"You have just missed the last train.” □ \"Never mind. I ________” A. will be walking B. am going to walk C. will walk D. am walking Page 17

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 5: SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENTS Quy tắc chung: Chủ ngữ là danh từ số ít hoặc danh từ không đếm được đi cùng động từ số ít và chủ ngữ số nhiều đi cùng động từ số nhiều. Tuy nhiên, đôi khi chủ ngữ còn hoà hợp với động từ tuỳ theo ý tưởng diễn đạt hoặc danh từ/đại từ đứng trước theo các quy tắc nhất định. Sau đây là một số quy tắc cơ bản về sự hoà hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ: V (số ít) Chủ ngữ là danh từ và cụm danh từ số ít. V (số nhiều) Chủ ngữ là các đại lượng chỉ thời gian, khoảng cách, tiền bạc, hay sự đo lường. Chủ ngữ là các đại từ bất định: someone, anything, nothing, eve-eryone, another… Chủ ngữ là mệnh đề danh từ Ex: All I want to do now is to sleep. Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng “to infinitive” hoặc “V-ing”. Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng cụm từ “Many a”. Chủ ngữ bắt đầu là một phân số có tử số là 1. Ex: 1/2 is larger than 1/3. Chủ ngữ là một số danh từ đặc biệt có hình thức số nhiều: môn học (Physics, Maths), môn thể thao (billards, athletics…), tin tức (news), các loại bệnh (rabies, measles…) , tên 1 số quốc gia và tổ chức (UN, the United States, the Philipines…), loài động vật (ants, elephants…) Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng: Most of/All of/Plenty of/ + N (không đếm được/số ít). Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng “The number of + N (số nhiều)”. Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng “None of + N (số nhiều)/ No + N (số ít)”. Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng N1 (số ít) of N2. Chủ ngữ là cụm danh từ chỉ nhóm động vật (số ít) mang nghĩa “bầy, đàn”: flock of birds/sheep, school of fish, pride of lion, pack of dogs, herd of cattle… A large amount/A great deal + N (không đếm được/ số ít). Neither (of)/Either of + N (số nhiều) Ex: - Neither restaurants is expensive. - Either of them works in this company. Chủ ngữ là một tựa đề. Ex: “Chi pheo” is a famous work of Nam Cao. Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng “A pair of + N (số nhiều)”. Ex: A pair of pants is in the drawer. Chủ ngữ là danh từ và cụm danh từ số nhiều. Ex: Oranges are rich in vitamin C Một số danh từ kết thúc bằng “s” nhưng dùng số nhiều: people, police, cattle, children, geese, mice… Ex: People are searching for something to eat. Hai chủ ngữ nối nhau bằng “and” và có quan hệ đẳng lập Ex: Jane and Mary are my best friends. Tuy nhiên, nếu 2 danh từ cùng chỉ một người, một bộ phận hoặc 1 món ăn… thì động từ chia ở số ít. (Lưu ý: không có “the” ở trước danh từ sau “and”.) Ex: Bread and butter is their daily food. Cấu trúc “both N1 and N2” Ex: Both Betty and Joan are cooking for their dinner party. Chủ ngữ là 1 đại từ: several, both, many, few, all, some + N (số nhiều). Page 18

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) Ex: Several students are absent. Chủ ngữ là “The + adj”, chỉ một tập hợp người Ex: The poor living here need help. Chủ ngữ bắt đầu là một phân số có tử số từ 2 trở lên. Ex: 2/5 are smaller than 1/2. Các danh từ luôn dùng dạng số nhiều (thường đi theo cặp): trouser, eyeglasses, jeans, tweezers, shorts, pliers, pants, tongs… Ex: The pants are in the drawer. Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng: Most of/All of/ Plenty of/Some of/Majority of/ The last of/ One of/Half of/Part of/The rest of/Percentage of/A lot of/Lots of/A third of/Minority of + N (số nhiều). Ex: Most of people in the factory are male. Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng “A number of + N (số nhiều). Ex: A number of students going to class decrease. Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng “No + N (số nhiều). Ex: No people understand what he says. Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng “N1 (số nhiều) of N2”. Ex: The studies of how living things work are called philosophy. Chủ ngữ là cụm danh từ chỉ nhóm động vật (số nhiều) mang nghĩa “bầy, đàn”: flocks of birds/sheep; schools of fish; prides of lion; packs of dogs; herds of cattle… Ex: Flocks of birds are flying to its destination. V chia theo chủ Chủ ngữ được nối với nhau bởi các liên từ: “as long as, as well as, with, ngữ đầu tiên together with, along with, in addition to, accompanied by”. Ex: - She, along with her classmates, is going to university this year. - Mrs. Smith together with her sons is going abroad. V chia theo các Either …or… danh từ thứ 2 Neither … nor… Not only … but also… … or… … nor… Not… but… Page 19

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. One of ________________________ a goldfish bowl on her kitchen table. a. my friend keep c. my friend keeps b. my friends keep d. my friends keeps 2. Every ____________________ love. a. man, woman and child needs c. man, woman and child need b. men, women and children needs d. men, women and children need 3. One of the girls who ____________________ in this office ____________________ my niece a. works / is b. works / are c. work / is d. work / are 4. Neither Lan nor her parents ____________________ the film. a. like b. likes c. is like d. are like 5. Each ____________________ the same as the day before. a. days was b. day was c. days were d. day were 6. More men than ____________________ left handed. a. woman are b. woman is c. women are d. women is 7. Every one of the students ____________________ on time for class a. is b. are c. were d. have been 8. There ____________________ some money on the table. a. are b. were c. have been d. is 9. This information about taxes ____________________ helpful a. were b. have been c. is d. are 10. The vegetables in the bowl on the table ____________________ fresh. a. looks b. smells c. are d. is Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. 1. A basic knowledge of social studies, such as history and geography, are considered A BC basic part of the education of every child. D 2. Lan together with her boyfriends are working in groups to find out A BCD the solution to that problem. 3. Each of the members of the group were made to write a report every week. A BC D 4. 1.6 billion gallons were sold every year, in over one hundred and sixty countries. A BC D 5. Buying clothes is often a time-consuming practice because those clothes that a AB person likes is seldom the ones that fit him or her. CD Page 20

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 6. Most bacteria has strong cell walls much like those of the plants. AB CD 7. Measles have not yet been eradicated because of the controversy concerning AB C D immunization. 8. Whether life in the countryside is better than that in the city depend on each A BC individual’s point of view. D 9. Never before has so many people in the United States been interested in soccer. AB C D 10. She is among the few who wants to quit smoking instead of cutting down. A BC D 11. Each of the nurses report to the operating room when his or her name is called. AB CD 12. As a result of the Women’s Movement, women now holds positions AB that were once restricted to men. CD 13. One of the students who are being considered for the scholarship A BC are from this university. D 14. Mrs. Steven, along with her cousins from New Mexico, are planning to attend the AB CD festivities 15. The mining of minerals often bring about the destruction of landscapes and wildlife A BC D habitats. 16. The governor, with his wife and children, are at home watching the election A BC returns on TV. D 17. Neither Russia nor the United States have been able to discover a mutually A BC satisfactory plan for gradual disarmament. D 18. The office furniture that was ordered last month have just arrived, but we’re not sure AB whether the manager likes it. CD 19. What happened in that city were a reaction from city workers, including firemen and AB C policemen who had been laid off from their jobs. D Page 21

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 20. That these students have improved their grades because of their participation in the AB CD test review class. 21. There are a car and two vans in front of my house. AB CD 22. Fifty minutes are the maximum length of time allotted for the exam. A BC D 23. The world is becoming more industrialized and the number of animal species that AB have become extinct have increased. CD 24. The number of homeless people in Nepal have increased sharply due to the recent A BC severe earthquake. D 25. Upon reaching the destination, a number of personnel is expected to change their A BC reservations and proceed to Hawaii. D 26. The assumption that smoking has bad effects on our health have been proved. AB CD 27. Neither the Minister nor his colleagues has given an explanation for the chaos in A BC the financial market last week. D 28. On the floor of the Pacific Ocean is hundreds of flat-tipped mountains more than A BC a mile beneath sea level. D 29. The Netherland, with much of its land lying lower than sea level, have system of AB C dikes and canals for controlling water. D 30. Maths were one of his favourite subjects when he was at primary school. AB C D Page 22

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 6:MODAL VERBS I. Định nghĩa - Động từ khuyết thiếu là động từ nhưng lại không chỉ hành động mà nó chỉ giúp bổ nghĩa cho động từ chính. - Những động từ khuyết thiếu này có thể dùng chung cho tất cả các ngôi và không chia theo thì. Các động từ theo sau động từ khuyết thiếu này được giữ nguyên thể. - Các động từ khuyết thiếu thường dùng là: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, need, have to. II. Cách dùng 1. Modal verb + V1 Modal Verbs Cách dùng Ví dụ Chú ý Can Diễn tả khả năng hiện - I can swim - Tôi có thể Can và Could còn được dùng tại hoặc tương lai mà bơi. trong câu hỏi đề nghị/xin phép, một người có thể làm - It can rain - Trời có thể yêu cầu. được gì, hoặc một sự mưa. Ví dụ: việc có thể xảy ra. - Could you please wait a - My brother could speak moment? - Bạn có thể đợi một lát Could Diễn tả khả năng xảy ra English when he was five - được không? trong quá khứ. Anh trai tôi đã có thể nói - Can I sit here? - Tôi có thể ngồi tiếng Anh khi anh ấy 5 tuổi. đây được không? - You must get up early in Must Diễn đạt sự cần thiết, the morning - Bạn phải Mustn't - chỉ sự cấm đoán bắt buộc ở hiện tại hoặc dậy sớm vào buổi sáng. Ví dụ: You mustn't smoke here - tương lai. - You must be tired after Bạn không được hút thuốc ở đây. Đưa ra lời khuyên hoặc work hard - Bạn chắc chắn suy luận mang tính chắc sẽ mệt sau khi làm việc chắn, yêu cầu được chăm chỉ. nhấn mạnh. - You must be here before 8 a.m - Bạn phải có mặt ở đây trước 8 giờ. Have to Diễn tả sự cần thiết phải I have to wear helmets Don't have to = Don't need to/ làm gì nhưng là do when driving a motorbike. needn't (chỉ sự không cần thiết) khách quan (nội quy, - Tôi phải đội mũ bảo hiểm quy định…). khi đi xe máy. (Luật quy định như vậy) May Diễn tả điều gì có thể It may be a bomb - Nó có - May và might dùng để xin phép xảy ra ở hiện tại nhưng thể là một quả bom. nhưng có tính chất trang trọng không chắc. hơn can/ could. Nhưng might ít Diễn tả điều gì có thể - She might not be in his được dùng trong văn nói, chủ xảy ra ở quá khứ. house. - Cô ấy có lẽ không yếu trong câu gián tiếp: Might Might được dùng không ở nhà anh ta nữa. - May I turn on TV? phải là quá khứ của - Where is John? I don't - I wonder if he might go there May. know. He may/might go alone. Page 23

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) Will Diễn đạt, dự đoán sự out with his friends. - John Dùng Will hay Would trong câu Would việc xảy ra trong tương ở đâu rồi? - Tôi không biết. đề nghị, yêu cầu, lời mời. Shall lai. Có lẽ anh ấy ra ngoài với Will you have a cup of coffee? Đưa ra một quyết định bạn. Would you like a cake? Should tại thời điểm nói. - Tomorrow will be sunny. - Ngày mai trời sẽ nắng. Chỉ dùng với hai ngôi \"I\" và Ought to Diễn tả một giả định xảy - Did you buy sugar? Oh, “We”. ra hoặc dự đoán sự việc sorry. I'll go now. - Bạn có có thể xảy ra trong quá mua đường không? - Ồ, xin khứ. lỗi. Giờ mình sẽ đi mua. Dùng để xin ý kiến, lời He was so tired. He would khuyên. \"Will\" được sử get up late tomorrow - Anh dụng nhiều hơn ấy rất mệt. Ngày mai, chắc anh ấy sẽ dậy muộn. Chỉ sự bắt buộc hay bổn Where shall we eat phận nhưng ở mức độ tonight? - Tối nay chúng ta nhẹ hơn \"Must\". ăn ở đâu? Đưa ra lời khuyên, ý - You should send this kiến. report by 8th September. Dùng để suy đoán. - Bạn nên gửi báo cáo này trước ngày 8 tháng Chín. Chỉ sự bắt buộc. Mạnh - You should call her. hơn \"Should\" nhưng - She worked hard, she chưa bằng \"Must\". should get the best result. - Cô ấy học rất chăm, cô ấy sẽ đạt được kết quả cao nhất You ought not to eat candy at night. - Bạn không nên ăn kẹo vào buổi tối. Page 24

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 2.Modal perfect ( khiếm khuyết hoàn thành ) : Modal + have + V3/ed Modal perfect MUST + HAVE + VP2: chỉ sự suy đoán logic dựa trên những hiện tượng có thật ở quá khứ SHOULD + HAVE + VP2: chỉ một việc lẽ ra đã phải xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng vì lý do nào đó lại không xảy ra. CAN’T + HAVE + VP2: chỉ những việc không thể đã xảy ra vì có căn cứ, cơ sở rõ ràng NEEDN’T + HAVE + VP2: chỉ những việc lẽ ra đã không cần thiết phải làm nhưng đã làm. MAY/ MIGHT + HAVE + VP2: chỉ những việc có thể đã xảy ra nhưng không chắc chắn. COULD + HAVE + VP2: chỉ những việc lẽ đã xảy ra nhưng trên thực tế thì không Một số cách biến đổi tương đương: • be necessary (for O) + to–V = need / have to • be unnecessary (for O) + to– V = don’t need / don’t have to Ex: It is unnecessary for him to study many subjects. He needn’t study many subjects He does not have to study many subjects. • be possible / impossible + to-V = can/ cannot + V hoặc may/might Ex: It is impossible for me to finish it now. I can't finish it now • perhaps( có lẽ) = may/might • it’s better/it’s time …..= should • be not permited /be not allowed = mustn’t PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. You don't look well. You ______________ see a doctor. A. could B. need to C. are to D. should 2. She ______________ home yesterday because her little son was sick. A. could have stayed B. must have stayed C. had to stay D. should have stayed Page 25

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 3. You ______________ disturb him during his work! A. should not B. needn't C. mustn't D. don't have to 4. Whose car is this? – It ____________________ be Anton's. I think I saw him driving a red car like this one. A. could B. might C. must D. would 5. Though he was ill and weak, he ______________ get out of the burning building. A. was able to B. might C. could D. should 6. ____________________ lending me your CD player for a couple of days? A. Can you B. Would you mind C. Would you D. Could you 7. The windows look clean. You ____________________ wash them. A. are not to B. needn't C. don't have to D. mustn't 8. I don't believe it. It ____________________ be true. A. can't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. wouldn't 9. Young people ____________________ obey their parents. A. must B. may C. will D. ought to 10. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It ____________________ have cost a fortune. A. must B. might C. will D. should 11. You ____________________ to write them today. A. should B. must C. had D. ought 12. \" ____________________ you hand me that pair of scissors, please?\" A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Should 13. Jeanette did very badly on the exam. She ______________ harder. A. must have studied B. could have studied C. should have studied D. must studied 14. Marcela didn't come to class yesterday. She ______________ an accident. A. should have had B. must have C. might have D. may have had 15. John still hasn't come out. He ______________ everything for the trip now. A. must have been preparing B. must be preparing C. will be preparing D. will have prepared 16. Thomas received a warning for speeding. He ______________ so fast. A. shouldn't have driven B. should have C. would have driven D. might have driven 17. The photos are black. The X-ray at the airport ______________ them. A. should have damaged B. would have damaged C. would damage D. must have damaged 18. Tom didn't do his homework, so the teacher became very angry. He ______________ his homework. A. must have done B. should have done C. might have D. will have done 19. My car stopped on the high way. It ____________________ out of gas. A. may run B. must be C. may have run D. should have run 20. I be here by 6 o'clock? - No, you ____________________ A. Shall; mightn't B. Must; needn't C. Will; mayn't D. Might; won't Page 26

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 7: THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD I. Định nghĩa Câu giả định hay còn gọi là câu cầu khiến là loại câu đối tượng thứ nhất muốn đối tượng thứ hai làm việc gì. Câu giả định có tính chất cầu khiến chứ không mang tính ép buộc như câu mệnh lênh. II. Cách sử dụng Câu giả định chủ yếu được sử dụng để nói đến những sự việc không chắc chắn sẽ xảy ra. Ví dụ, chúng ta sử dụng khi nói về những sự việc mà một ai đó: + Muốn xảy ra. + Dự đoán sẽ xảy ra. + Xảy ra trong tưỏ’ĩig tượng. III. Phân loại Thức giả định được chia thành ba loại sau: Thức giả định: Present Subjunctive (hiện tại giả định). Past Subjunctive (quá khứ giả định). Past perfect Subjunctive (quá khứ hoàn thành giả định). HIỆN TẠI GIẢ ĐỊNH Present Subjunctive Form : S1 + V + that + S2 ( not ) + V (bare) Dùng trong một số câu thành ngữ/ câu cảm thán để thể hiện một ao ước, hi vọng hay một lời cầu chúc. (God) Bless you! (Chúa phù hộ cho con) Heaven/God help sb! (Cầu chúa phù hộ cho ai) Long live Vietnam! (Việt Nam muôn năm) Heaven forbid! (Lạy trời!) Success attend you! (Chúc bạn thành công) Dùng sau một sô các động từ đê thể hiện ý muốn, yêu cầu, đề nghị, gợi ý, ra lệnh: advise,demand,prefer,require,insist,propose,stipulate,command,move,recommend,suggest,dec ree,order.. Dùng sau một sô tính từ sau: important,necessary,urgent,obligatory,essential,advisory,recommended,required,mandatory,p roposed.. It + be (any tense) + Adj + that + s + (not) + V (present subjunctive) Những danh từ: demand,recommendation,insistence,request,proposal,suggestion,preference ,importance Dùng trong cấu trúc với “would rather\" có hai chủ ngữ S1 + would rather that + S2 + (not) + V (present subjunctive) Page 27

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) QUÁ KHỨ GIẢ ĐỊNH Past Subjunctive Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 2: If + S + V (quá khứ đơn) +..., S + would/could + V (nguyên dạng) Dùng trong câu ước không có thực ở hiện tại (wish = If only) (S + wish)/if only + S + V (quá khứ đơn) Được sử dụng sau \"as if / as though\" S1 + V (hiện tại đơn) + as if/ as though + S2 + V (quá khứ đơn) Dùng trong mẫu câu “would rather\" để chỉ một ao ước đối lập với hiện tại. S1 + would rather that + S2 + V (quá khứ đơn) Dùng trong cấu trúc \"it's time...\" It's (high/about) time + S + V (quá khứ đơn) = It's time for sb to do st: (đã đến lúc cho ai đó làm gì) QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH GIẢ ĐỊNH Past perfect Subjunctive Dùng trong mệnh đề điều kiện của câu điều kiện loại 3 If + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành)+..., S + would/ could + have + Vp2 Dùng sau \"wish/ If only\" để diễn đạt ý cầu mong hoặc giả định đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ (S + wish)/if only + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) Dùng sau \"as if / as though\" để chỉ một giả định không có thật trong quá khứ. S1 + V (quá khứ đơn) + as if/as though + S2 + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) Dùng với cấu trúc would rather (hai chủ ngữ) để chỉ một mong muốn đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ. S1 + would rather that + S2 + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) Page 28

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. It is necessary that children ______________ of their old parents. A. takes care B. to take care c. take care D. took care 2. I wish you ______________ complaining about the weather. A. would stop B. stop c. stopped D. had stopped 3. It is essential that every student ______________ to learn English at university. A. had B. have c. has D. to have 4. We wish we ______________ a large house but we can't afford it now. A. have B. had c. can have D. will have 5. My friend won't lend me his car. I wish ______________ A. he lent me his car B. he didn't lend me his car C. he would lend me his car D. he will lend me his car 6. I'm sorry I haven't got any money on me. I wish ____________________ A. I have got no money on me B. I have some money on me C. I had some money on me D. I had got no money on me 7. My friends didn’t take part in the game. __________________ A. my friends took part in the game B. my friends had taken part in the game C. my friends would take part in the game D. my friends did take part in the game 8. It wasn't fine yesterday. I wish ______________ A. it was fine yesterday B. it would fine yesterday C. it will fine yesterday D. it had been fine yesterday 9. I wish I Psychology when I was a college student. A. had studied B. would study C. studied D. studied 10. I wish someone ______________ to help me with that work tomorrow. A. offer B. offered C. would offer D. had offered 11. If only I ______________ play the guitar as well as you! A. would B. should C. could D. might 12. When I saw Tom, he looked ______________ he had been ill. A. so B. such as C. the same D. as if 13. Mrs White always talks to her baby as though he ______________ an adult. A. is B. were C. had been D. will be 14. When he came out of the room, he looked ______________ he had seen a ghost. A. as B. as though C. when D. if 15. Susan's doctor insists ______________ for a few days. A. that she is resting B. her resting C. that she rest D. her to rest 16. The doctor suggested that his patient ______________ A. stop smoking B. stops smoking C. stopped smoking D. to stop smoking 17. It is necessary that he ______________ the books. A. find B. doesn't find C. don't find D. did not find 18. It has been proposed that we ______________ the topic. Page 29

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) A. to change B. changed C. changing D. change 19. It's important that every student ______________ all the lectures. A. attends B. attend C. has attended D. attended 20. It's time we all ______________ now. A. leave B. to leave C. left D. have left 21. He acts as if he ______________ English perfectly. A. know B. knew C. have known D. had known 22. She acted as though she______________ him before. A. knew B. know C. had known D. has known 23. I would rather that I ______________ him to my birthday party yesterday. A. invited B. have invited C. had invited D. invite 24. She would rather Mary ______________ here right now. A. be B. were C. was D. were/ was 25. I suggest that he ______________ harder A. should study B. study C. studied D. should study/ study Page 30

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 8:GERUND AND INFINITIVE VERB GERUND ( DANH ĐỘNG TỪ ) Chức năng của danh động từ Làm chủ Làm tân Làm bổ Làm ngữ Làm danh ngữ ngữ ngữ đồng vị từ ghép PRESENT PARTICIPLE ( HIỆN TẠI PHÂN TỪ ) Dùng trong các thì tiếp diễn: be + Present participle (V-ing) Chức năng của Dùng như một tính từ (mang nghĩa chủ động và thường hiện tại phân từ miêu tả vật) Thay cho một mệnh đề: Mệnh đề độc lập trong câu ghép, Mệnh đề phụ trong câu, Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lí do: hai mệnh đề phải cùng chủ từ Cấu trúc câu: S + sit/ stand /lie/come /run (cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn) + present participle Cấu trúc: There + be + Noun + present participle Sau một số động từ trí giác (see, hear, smeỉl, feel, taste, overhear...), catch, find, spend, waste Page 31

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) TO INFINITIVE VERB ( ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU CÓ TO ) Chức năng của động từ nguyên mẫu có TO Làm chủ Làm tân Làm bổ Trong các cấu ngữ ngữ ngữ trúc BARE INFINITIVE VERD ( ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU KHÔNG TO ) Sau các trợ động từ tình thái (modal verbs). Chức năng của Sau các động từ: let, make, help, see, hearề, feel, watch, notice + động từ nguyên tân ngữ. mẫu không TO Sau các cụm động từ had better, would rather, had sooner và sau why hoặc why not. Page 32

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) VERB FORM (BẢNG DẠNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ ) V-ing To-V V1 Ving & To-V 1. Giới từ : in, on,at.. 1. agree 1. Sau khiếm 1.allow 2. love , like , enjoy, 2. ask / told / warn khuyết động từ permit prefer >< hate, 3. choose can - could recommend + O + To-V dislike 4. decide will – would advise 3. start , begin, give 5. demand have to – had to encourage up >< stop , finish 6. expect may – might ----------------------------------- 4. suggest 7. hope must allow 5. consider : xem xét 8. manage ought to permit recommend + V-ing 6. mind 9. offer 2. Sau V tri giác advise 7. imagine 10. plan See encourage 8. avoid 11. promise Look => Be + V3/ed + To-V 9. risk 12. refuse Listen ----------------------------------- 10. miss 13. seem Notice 2.Stop + V-ing : ngừng hẳn 11. practice 14. suppose Watch ( từ bỏ thói quen ) 12. postpone 15. tell Observe Stop + To-V : ngừng để làm 13. involve 16. want Feel việc khác 14. admit 17. tend Taste 15. deny 18. threaten Smell 3.remember 16. quit = give up 19. would like forget + V-ing 3. Let regret 17. keep 20. would love Make + O ( diễn tả 1 hđộng đã xảy ra 18. spend 22. be able Have trong quá khứ ) 19. waste 23. wish Help ----------------------------------- 20. fancy 24. too….to remember 21. can’t help 25. enough to => Bị động ta forget + To-V 22. can’t stand 26. It + be + adj+To-V dùng “ To-V” regret 23. can’t bear 27. It takes (diễn tả 1 hđộng sắp xảy 24. be busy 28. Sau các nghi vấn 4. had better ra) 25. be worth từ how , what , would rather 4.Try + V-ing : thử 26. continute where… had sooner 27. It’s no use 29. sau đại từ bất Try + to V : cố gắng 5. do nothing 5.Consider + V-ing: xem xét 28. It’s no good định but Consider + to V : quan tâm 29. have trouble Someone , something, 6. cannot but 6.like 30. have difficulty anything…. start + V-ing / To-V 31. be / get used to 30. Câu bị động begin ( không thay đổi 32. go 31. only, first, last nghĩa ) 33. appreciate Page 33

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) Lối nói phụ họa 1. Phụ hoạ khẳng định: Đi với TOO (mang nghĩa CŨNG VẬY) (and) + S + am/is/are/ was /were + too S +V…. (and) + S + do/does/did +too (and) + S + modals + too My sister is a doctor I am too (tôi cũng vậy) I work two hours a day She does too Đi với SO (mang nghĩa CŨNG VẬY nhưng có đảo ngữ) (and) + so + am/is/are/ was /were + S S +V…. (and) + so + do/does/did +too + S (and) + so + modals + S My sister is a doctor So am I (tôi cũng vậy) I work two hours a day So does she I can sing So can he 2. Phụ hoạ phủ định: Đi với EITHER (mang nghĩa CŨNG KHÔNG) (and) + S + am/is/are/ was /were + NOT + either S +V(NOT)…. (and) + S + do/does/did +NOT + either (and) + S + modals + NOT + either My sister isn’t a nurse I am not either (tôi cũng không) I doesn’t work on sunday She doesn’t either I can’t dance He can’t either Đi với NEITHER (mang nghĩa CŨNG KHÔNG nhưng có đảo ngữ, không có NOT) (and) + neither + am/is/are/ was /were + S S +V(NOT)…. (and) + neither + do/does/did +too + S (and) + neither + modals + S My sister isn’t a nurse Neither am I (tôi cũng không) I doesn’t work on sunday Neither does she I can’t dance Neither can he Lưu ý: Trong câu có chứa “NEVER, NO, RARELY, SELDOM , HARDLY” => dùng phụ hoạ phủ định Page 34

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. I couldn't help at his jokes. A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. laughed 2. Tom offered Jane a ticket to the theater, but she refused to take it. A. to give B. give C. giving D. to be given 3. Those workers stopped their coffee because they felt tired of their new work. A. drink B. drank C. drinking D. to drink 4. He asked them A. help him B. should help him C. to help him D. help to him 5. Mr Minh advised my family leaving Vietnam. A. to think B. not to think C. against D. against to 6. I hope that woman again. A. to see B. of seeing C. seeing D. have seen 7. She wasted much time her old pair of shoes. A. mend B. to mend C. mending D. to be mended 8. He regrets lazy last year. He lost his job. A. to be B. be C. been D. being 9. She remembered that woman last month. A. of seeing B. to see C. seeing D. have seen 10.David tried his best , but his girlfriend refused A. explaining; to listen B. explaining; listening C. to explain; to listen D. to explain; listening 11.Willy denied a whole bag of chocolate chip cookies before lunch. A. eat B. to eat C. having eaten D. eaten 12.I was delighted my old friends again. A. to see B. seeing C. seen D. to be seen 13.We regret you that we cannot approve your suggestion. A. inform B. to inform C. informing D. informed 14.Have you ever considered a pharmacist? A. become B. becoming C. to become D. became 15.You had better at home until you feel better. A. staying B. stayed C. to stay D. stay 16.I remember my mother said the grass in the garden needed . A. to hear; cutting B. hear; cut C. heard; to cut D. hearing; cutting Page 35

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 17.My teacher doesn't allow us while he is explaining the lesson. A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked 18. 19.We have plenty of time. We needn't A. hurry B. to hurry C. hurrying D. hurried 20.I promised on time. I mustn't late. A. be; be B. to be; to be C. to be; be D. be; to be 21.My daughter sometimes practices _____ _ English with her friends after school. A. to speaking B. to speak C. speak D. speaking 22.When Tommy started to learn French, he had a difficult time _______ the words correctly. A. pronounce B. pronunciation C. pronouncing D. to pronounce 23.Most women expect________________more help with the housework from their husbands. A. to get B. getting C. get D. to getting 24.Your house needs ____________________. C. being redecorated D. to redecorate A. redecorated B. redecorating 25.I can’t read when I am traveling. It makes me __________sick. A. feel B. to feel C. felt D. feeling 26.I suggest _____________some more mathematical puzzles. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done 27.Have you ever considered ______________a pharmacist? A. become B. becoming C. to become D. became 28.My father wanted me __________a pilot. D. became A. become B. to become C. becoming 29.Please wait a minute. My boss is busy ___________something. A. write B. writing C. to write D. to writing 30.My teacher doesn’t allow us ___________while he is explaining the lesson. A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked 31.I promised __________on time. I mustn’t be late. C. being D. am A. be B. to be 32.Mary and I are looking forward ___________you. D. to see A. of seeing B. for seeing C. to seeing 33.The students are used to ____________in the school library. A. working B. work C. to work D. worked 34.Our room needs ____________up. A. tidied B. to tide C. tidy D. tidying 35.“Was the test long?”. “Yes, John was the only one ___________it” A. to finish B. finishing C. finished D. finish 36.If he really doesn’t feel like _________now, I suggested that he should go out for some fresh air. A. work B. to work C. worked D. working Page 36

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 9: TAG QUESTIONS Câu hỏi đuôi (tag question) là dạng câu hỏi rất hay được sử dụng trong tiếng Anh, đặc biệt là tiếng Anh giao tiếp. Câu hỏi đuôi là cấu hỏi ngắn ở cuối câu trần thuật. Câu hỏi này được dùng khi người nói muốn xác minh thông tin là đúng hay không hoặc khi khuyến khích một sự hồi đáp từ phía người nghe. Ví dụ:She is learning English now, isn't she? (Cô ấy đang học tiếng Anh bây giờ phải không?) B. Công thức chung: S + V +…………………….,trợ động từ + S( ĐẠI TỪ ) -Nếu câu nói trước dấu phẩy là khẳng định thì câu hỏi đuôi là phủ định và ngược lại. Dưới đây là bảng tóm tắc cách thành lập câu hỏi đuôi. Statement Tag questions I am……… aren’t I ? I am not……… am I ? Động từ khiếm khuyết Can’t/couldn’t/shouldn’t/won’t………+ S + can/could/should/will……… S? Động từ thường Sử dụng trợ động từ: Do/does/did S + V1…………….., Don’t + S? S + Vs/es………….., Doesn’t + S? S + V2/ed…………, Didn’t + S? S + have/has/had + V3/ed……………, Haven’t/hasn’t/hadn’t + S ? S + is/are/was/were………………, Isn’t/aren’t/wasn’t/weren’t + S? S + used to + V………, Didn’t + S ? S +’d better/had better + V…………, Hadn’t + S? S +’d rather/would rather/would like + V…………, Would + S? There + is/are/was/were……………., Isn’t/aren’t/wasn’t/weren’t + S? Let’s + V………, Shall we+? Chủ từ là : No one/nobody/anyone/anybody/ ……………..+ they ? everyone/everybody/someone/somebody Chủ từ là: nothing/anything/something/ ………………+ it? Everything………….. Chủ từ là this/that………….. ………………+ it? Chủ từ là these/those………. ……………..+ they ? Trong câu có các từ phủ định:no/none/without Câu hỏi đuôi khẳng định không có N’T Neither/hardly/seldom/rarely/little/never/few. S + ought to………, Shouldn’t + S? Câu mệnh lệnh Will you? => cấu trúc:\" I + think/believe/suppose/….\" + mệnh đề phụ thì ta dùng động từ trong mệnh đề phụ để xác định động từ cho câu hỏi đuôi. Ex: I think she will meet him, won't she? Cũng mẫu cấu trúc này nhưng nếu chủ từ không phải là \"I\" thì dùng động từ chính trong câu (think/believe/suppose/...) để xác định động từ cho câu hỏi đuôi. Ex: She thinks he will come, dosen’t she? Page 37

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. The cases of COVID 19 outside China have increased 13 fold,________? A. hasn’t they B. haven’t they C. will they D. don’t they 2. What you have said is wrong,_________? A. isn’t it B. haven’t you C. is it D. have you 3. COVID 19 can be characterized as a pandemic, ________? A. can it B. can’t it C. isn’t it D. can’t they 4. The coronavirus had already overwhelmed China, South Korea, Iran and Italy,________? A. hadn’t it B. hasn’t it C. didn’t it D. wasn’t it 5. Health authorities have activated their most serious response level,________? A. haven’t it B. hadn’t they C. have it D. haven’t they 6. Your mother is cooking in the kitchen,_________? A. isn’t she B. doesn’t she C. won’t she D. is she 7. Chinese officials quickly shut down Wuhan market,_________? A. doesn’t it B. didn’t they C. hadn’t they D. do they 8. There are no easy ways to succeed,________? A. are there B. aren’t there C. aren’t they D. are they 9. No one is a better cook than my sister, ________? A. aren’t they B. is he C. are they D. is it 10. They’ll buy a new apartment, ________? A. will they B. won’t they C. don’t they D. will not they 11. This house is not safe, ________? A. isn’t this B. isn’t it C. is it D. is this 12. Ba rarely goes out at night, ________? A. doesn’t he B. is he C. isn’t he D. does he 13. Everybody looks tired, ________? A. doesn’t it B. don’t they C. does it D. do they 14. I’m a bad man, ________? A. am not I B. isn’t I C. aren’t I D. am I 15. I think she is a dentist, ________? A. don’t I B. isn’t she C. do I D. is she 16. I don’t think you are an engineer, ________? A. do I B. aren’t you C. are you D. don’t I 17. Let’s turn off the lights before going out, ________? A. shall we B. will you C. shan’t we D. won’t you 18. Don’t be late, ________? A. are you B. shall we C. do you D. will you 19. Someone wants a drink, ________? A. doesn’t it B. don’t they C. do they D. doesn’t he 20. Nobody phoned, ________? A. do they B. didn’t they C. will she D. did they Page 38

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) 21. I should keep silent, ________? A. shouldn’t I B. don’t I C. should I D. do I D. mayn’t he 22. He mightn’t get there in time, ________? D. is it D. mayn’t I A. might he B. may he C. mightn’t he D. does it D. A&B 23. Everything is fine, ________? D. do you D. wouldn’t you A. aren’t they B. isn’t it C. are they D. don’t you D. aren’t these 24. I wish to study English, __________________? D. didn’t he D. didn’t they A. don’t I B. do I C. may I D. aren’t they D. don’t I 25. What a nice dress, ________? D. has it D. isn’t she A. is it B. isn’t it C. doesn’t it D. are you D. A&B 26. One can be one’s master, ________? D. don’t I D. doesn’t it A. can’t you B. can’t one C. can she D. needn’t they D. mustn’t you 27. You’d better stay at home, ________? A. hadn’t you B. had you C. don’t you 28. You’d rather learn English, ________? A. hadn’t you B. would you C. had you 29. You don’t believe Peter can do it, ________? A. do you B. can’t he C. can he 30. These are 3 oranges you bought yesterday, ________? A. aren’t they B. are they C. are these 31. He seldom helps her, ________? A. doesn’t he B. does he C. did he 32. They never go to the library with US, ________? A. do they B. did they C. don’t they 33. Mary and Peter don’t like English, ________? A. do they B. do Mary and Peter C. are they 34. I am not a liar, ________? A. am I B. aren’t I C. do I 35. What you have just said is not true, ________? A. is it B. isn’t it C. haven’t you 36. Lucy has been studying English for 4 years, ________? A. has she B. is she C. hasn’t she 37. It seems that you are telling me a lie, ________? A. doesn’t it B. does it C. aren’t you 38. You need take a rest, ________? A. don’t you B. needn’t you C. need you 39. Let me take care of you, ________? A. may I B. will I C. shall we 40. The ticket to London doesn’t cost a lot, ________? A. does it B. isn’t it C. is it 41. They must study hard, ________? A. mustn’t they B. need they C. must they 42. You mustn’t come late, ________? A. need you B. must you C. needn’t you 43. She wishes to go to Singapore, ________? Page 39

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) A. may she B. doesn’t she C. does she D. mayn’t she 44. Let’s go for a walk, ________? A. shall we B. will you C. shan’t we D. won’t you 45. You must have left your purse at home, ________? A. don’t he B. haven’t you C. doesn’t he D. did they 46. She must have been very happy when you told her the news, ________? A. need she B. mustn’t she C. isn’t she D. hasn’t she 47. You must be tired now, ________? A. needn’t you B. aren’t you C. mustn’t you D. haven’t you 48. You’ve never been to Italy, ________? A. have you B. were you C. haven’t you D. weren’t you 49. This picture is yours, ________? A. is it B. isn’t it C. is this D. isn’t this 50. He ought to be home by seven o’clock, ________? A. shouldn’t he B. mayn’t he C. needn’t he D. mustn’t he 51.No one is better cook than his mother, ______? A. is she B. isn’t she C. are they D. aren’t they 52.Do it right now, ______? A. will you B. shall you C. do you D. don’t you 53.There are no easy ways to learn a foreign language, _______? A. are they B. are there C. aren’t they D. aren’t there 54.He seldom goes to the library, ______? D. isn’t he A. doesn’t he B. is he C. does he D. do you 55.Let’s go for a long walk, ______? A. will we B. shall we C .don’t you 56.I think he will join us, _____? A. doesn’t he B. won’t he C. will he D. don’t I 57.The film is good, _______________? A. is it B. are they C. isn’t it D. aren’t they 58.You are going to the party, ____________? A. is you B. are you C. aren’t you D. were you 59.He can speak English, _________________ ? C. can’t him D. could he A. can he B. can’t he 60.You don’t know him,__________________ ? A. do you B. don’t you C. are you D. aren’t you 61.Lan speaks Chinese very well, __________? A. does she B. doesn’t she C. is she D. was she 62.John has worked hard, _________________? D. hasn’t he A. does he B. did he C. has he 63.They invited him to the party, ___________? A. do they B. don’t they C. did they D. didn’t they 64.They are leaving here tomorrow________? A. do they B. are they C. aren’t they D. did they 65.I’m a bit late, ______? B. aren’t you C. are you D. aren’t I A. am not I Page 40

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 10: COMPARISONS EQUALITY S1 + V + as + ADJ / ADV + as + S2. S1 + V + as + much/many +as + S2 S1 + V + the same (+Noun) + as + S2 COMPARATIVE S1 + V + short adj + ER + THAN + S2 S1 + V + MORE + long adj + THAN + S2 * MUCH + SO SÁNH HƠN CÁC LOẠI SO DOUBLE COMPARISON SÁNH 1. Càng ngày càng ( So sánh hơn and so sánh hơn ) - Short adj + ER and short adj + ER ( hotter and hotter ) - more and more + long adj ( more and more beautiful 2. Càng …..càng The + so sánh hơn + S V , The + so sánh hơn + S V ) SUPERLATIVE S1 + V + THE + short adj + EST + N S1 + V +THE MOST + long adj + N COMPARE LESS S + V + less + adj + than …. SO SÁNH KÉM NHẤT S + V + the least + adj…. MULTIPLE NUMBERS COMPARISON S1 + V + twice/ three time..+ as much as + S2 S1 + V + twice/ three time..+ as many as + S2 THẾ NÀO LÀ TÍNH TỪ NGẮN,TÍNH TỪ DÀI dj ( tính từ ngắn ) : 1 âm tiết ( hot, cold ) hoặc 2 âm tân cùng là y, er, et, ow dj ( tính từ dài ) : từ 2 âm trở lên ✓ Cách chuyển các tính từ/ trạng từ sang dạng so sánh hơn/ so sánh nhất: - Thêm “ er”/ “est” vào tính từ/trạng từ có một hoặc hai âm tiết. - Dùng “ more/most + adj/adv” có ba âm tiết trở lên. - Dùng “ more + tính từ kết thúc bằng các tiếp vĩ ngữ : “ ed, ful, ing, ish, ous” - Gấp đôi phụ âm cuối của tính từ một âm tiết kết thúc bằng 1 phụ âm đơn( trừ w, x, z) và đứng trước một nguyên âm đơn. - Khi tính từ có 2 âm tiết nhưng kết thúc bằng một phụ âm “y” thì ta đổi “y” => “ I” và thêm “ er”/ “est” - Khi adj có 2 âm tiết là “er, y, le, et và ow” => thêm “er/est” như adj/adv 1 âm tiết. Page 41

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP NGOẠI LỆ Adj/adv so sánh hơn so sánh nhất 1. good/well better best 2. bad/badly worse worst 3. many/much more most 4. little 5. far less least farther farthest (về khoảng cách) 6. near Further furthest (về thời gian) nearer nearest (về khoảng cách) 7. late later next (về thứ tự) 8. old latest (về thời gian) older last (về thứ tự) oldest (về tuổi tác) eldest (về cấp bậc hơn là tuổi tác) ADJ tận cùng bằng “ED” và “ING” ADJ –ED ADJ –ING ( chỉ cảm xúc , trạng thái của con người ) ( mô tả tính chất , đặc điểm sự vật ) Ex: Jane is bored because her job is boring Ex: The news was shocking Ex: We were shocked when we heard the news 1. surprised (ngạc nhiên, sốc) 1. Surprising (tuyệt vời, bất ngờ) 2. disappointed (vỡ mộng, thất vọng) 2. Disappointing (thất vọng) 3. tired (mệt mỏi, kiệt sức) 3. Tiring (tẻ nhạt, mệt mỏi) 4. fascinated (thờ ơ, Enchanted) 4. Fascinating (duyên dáng, quyến rũ) 5. mused (ngạc nhiên, vui vẻ) 5. Amusing (funny, funny) 6. astonished (ngạc nhiên, sốc) 6. Astonishing (tuyệt vời, tuyệt vời) 7. shocked (sốc, sốc) 7. Shocking (một khủng khiếp, gây sốc) 8. disgusted (kinh tởm) 8. Disgusting (kinh tởm, xấu xí) 9. embarrassed (xấu hổ, bối rối) 9. Embarrassing (vụng về, nhút nhát) 10.confused (hoang mang, nhầm lẫn) 10.Confusing (bối rối, không chắc chắn) 11.terrified (chết lặng, sợ hãi) 11.Terrifying (đáng sợ, đáng sợ) 12.frightened (sợ hãi, chết lặng) 12.Frightening (đáng sợ, khủng khiếp) 13.depressed (trầm cảm, bị áp bức) 13.Depressing (buồn, buồn tẻ) 14.worried (lo lắng, lo lắng) 14.Worrying (lo lắng, tình cảm) 15.và nnoyed (bực mình, khó chịu) 15.Annoying (xâm nhập, gây phiền nhiễu) 16.satisfied (mãn, hài lòng) 16.Satisfying (thú vị) Page 42

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. In Vietnam, it is normally ________ in the South than in the North. A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. hoter 2. The food is ________ than the last time I ate it. A. badder B. bad C. worse D. worst 3. Ho Chi Minh city is ________ than Hanoi. A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. biger 4. Her voice is ________ than her sister’s. A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. beautifully D. more beautifully 5. Her literature result is much ________ than it was last year. A. good B. well C. more well D. better 6. Cinderella danced ________ than any other girls at the ball. A. more graceful B. gracefuler C. gracefully D. more gracefully 7. This book is the ________ of all. A. bored B. boring C. more boring D. most boring 8. Mary speaks English very________ A. fluent B. fluently C. more fluently D. most fluently 9. Tom runs faster than John and David runs the ________ in the group. A. fast B. most fast C. fastest D. most fastly 10. There is nothing ________ than going swimming in hot weather. A. gooder B. good C. better D. best 11. Mary is ________ responsible as Peter. A. more B. the most C. much D. as 12. She is ________ student in my class. A. most hard-working B. more hard-working C. the most hard-working D. as hard-working 13. He drives ________ his brother. A. more careful than B. more carefully C. more carefully than D. as careful as 14. Tuan writes more ________ with fewer mistakes than the previous term. A. careless B. careful C. carefully D. carelessly 15. My father is happy because I get ________ results at school. A. bad good C. intelligent D. well 16. Peter does better at school because he works ________ A. harder B. more carelessly C. more lazily D. worse 17. He can do sums more ________ and read faster. A. badly B. quickly C. difficultly D. fastly 18. Jane is not ________ her brother. A. more intelligent as B. intelligent as C. so intelligent as D. so intelligent that. 19. She is a very ________ pupil. She spends most of her time studying. Page 43

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) A. hard- working B. difficult C. hard D. easy 20. My English this term is ________ than that of last year. A. good B. gooder C. better D. best 21. you study for these exams, ________ you will do. A. The harder / the better B. The more / the much C. The hardest / the best D. The more hard / the more good, 22. My neighbor is driving me mad! It seems that ________ it is at night, ________ plays his music! A. the less / the more loud B. the less / less C. the more late / the more loudlier D. the later / the louder 23. Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become ________ A. more and more good B. better and better C. the more and more good D. gooder and gooder 24. The Sears Tower is ________ building in Chicago. A. taller B. the more tall C. the tallest D. taller and taller 25. Peter is ________ John. A. younger and more intelligent than B. more young and intelligent than C. more intelligent and younger than D. the more intelligent and younger than 26. San Diego is ________ town in Southern California. A. more nice and nice B. the nicer C. the nicest D. nicer and nicer 27. It gets ________ when the winter is coming. A. cold and cold B. the coldest and coldest C. colder and colder D. more and more cold 28. The faster we finish, ________ A. the sooner we can leave B. we can leave sooner and sooner C. the sooner can we leave D. we can leave the sooner 29. Of all athletes, Alex is ________ A. the less qualified B. the less and less qualified C. the more and more qualified D. the least qualified 30. The faster Thanh walks, ________ A. more tired B. the more tired he gets C. he gets tired D. he gets more tired Rewrite the following sentenses 1. No one in my class is taller than Peter. → Peter........................................................................................................................................................................................ 2. According to me, English is easier than Maths. → According to me, Maths................................................................................................................................................... 3. No one in my group is more intelligent than Mary. → Mary........................................................................................................................................................................................ 4. No river in the world is longer than the Nile. → The Nile.................................................................................................................................................................................. 5. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. → No mountain ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6. This is the first time I have ever met such a pretty girl. → She is ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7. He works much. He feels tired. Page 44

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) → The more............................................................................................................................................................................... 8. This computer works better than that one. → That computer .................................................................................................................................................................... 9. The apartment is big. The rent is high. → The bigger............................................................................................................................................................................. 10. We set off soon. We will arrive soon. → The sooner............................................................................................................................................................................ 11. The joke is good. The laughter is loud. →The better .............................................................................................................................................................................. 12. She gets fat. She feels tired. → The fatter .............................................................................................................................................................................. 13. As he gets older, he wants to travel less. → The older............................................................................................................................................................................... 14. The children are excited with the difficult games. → The more............................................................................................................................................................................... 15. I meet him much. I hate him much → The more............................................................................................................................................................................... 16. My boss works better when he is pressed for time. → The less .................................................................................................................................................................................. 17. If you read many books, you will have much knowledge. → The more............................................................................................................................................................................... 18. He speaks too much and people feel bored. → The more............................................................................................................................................................................... 19. The growth in the economy makes people's living condition better. →The more ................................................................................................................................................................................ 20. People learn a lot of things as they travel far. → The farther ........................................................................................................................................................................... 21. Her old house is bigger than her new one. → Her new house .................................................................................................................................................................... 22. I can't cook as well as my mother. → My mother can cook ......................................................................................................................................................... 23. The black dress is more expensive than the white one. →The white dress ................................................................................................................................................................... 24. There isn't anybody as kind-hearted as your mother. → Your mother is .................................................................................................................................................................... 25. The black car is cheaper than the red car. →The red car ............................................................................................................................................................................ Page 45

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions 1. Joe is more hard-working than his brother. A. Joe is not as hard-working as his brother. B. Joe’s brother is not as hard-working as he is. C. Joe is less hard-working than his brother. D. Joe’s brother is more hard-working than he is. 2. Many teenagers like facebooking more than doing sport. A. Many teenagers like doing sport as much as Facebooking. B. Many teenagers don’t like Facebooking as much as doing sport, C. Many teenagers like doing sport more than Facebooking. D. Many teenagers don’t like doing sport as much as Facebooking. 3. Paul likes reading comic books more than watching cartoons. A. Paul doesn’t like watching cartoons as much as reading comic books. B. Paul likes watching cartoons as much as reading comic books. C. Paul likes watching cartoons more than reading comic books. D. Paul doesn’t like reading comic books as much as watching cartoons. 4. I like reading books more than surfing the Internet. A. I like surfing the Internet more than reading book. B. I like reading book less than surfing the Internet. C. I don’t like reading book as much as surfing the Internet. D. I don’t like surfing the Internet as much as reading books. 5. My father likes reading newspaper more than watching TV. A. My father doesn’t like reading newspaper as much as watching TV. B. My father likes watching TV as much as reading newspaper. C. My father doesn’t like watching TV as much as reading newspaper. D. My father likes watching TV more than reading newspaper. 6. In Vietnam, football is more popular than basketball. A. In Vietnam, basketball is not as popular as football. B. In Vietnam, basketball is more popular than football. C. In Vietnam, football is not as popular as basketball. D. In Vietnam, football is as popular as basketball. 7. My boss works better when he’s pressed for time. A. The more time my boss has, the better he works. B. The less time my boss has, he works better. C. The less time my boss has, the better he works. D. The less time my boss has, he works the better. 8. Derek is quite a bit more adventurous than his sister, Annabelle. A. Annabelle is considerable more adventurous than her brother, Derek. B. Annabelle isn’t as nearly adventurous as her brother, Derek. C. Derek isn’t so nearly adventurous as his sister, Annabelle. D. Annabelle isn’t nearly as adventurous as her brother, Derek. 9. The likelihood of suffering a heart attack rises as one becomes increasingly obese. A. Anyone who is obese is likely to experience a heart attack at any time. B. Obesity results in only a slight increase in the probability of having a heart attack. Page 46

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) C. The more obese one is, the higher the chances for a heart attack become. D. Heart attacks are happening more and more often, and most of the sufferers are obese. 10. The American are less formal in addressing their bosses than the South Korean. A. The South Korean are less formal in addressing their bosses than the American. B. Both the American and the South Korean have the same formality in addressing their bosses. C. The South Korean are more informal in addressing their bosses than the American. D. The South Korean are more formal in addressing their bosses than the American. 11. Nothing is more precious than happiness and health. A. Happiness and health are the most precious things. B. Happiness is more precious than health. C. Health is more precious than happiness. D. Happiness and health are more and more precious. 12. I’ve never seen such a nice bouquet of wedding flowers. A. This bouquet of wedding flowers is the nicest that I’ve ever made. B. This is the nicest bouquet of wedding flowers that I’ve ever seen. C. I’ve never seen the nicest bouquet of wedding flowers so far. D. Nothing I’ve seen is nicer than this bouquet of wedding flowers. 13. Ice-hockey is one of the most popular sports in Russia. A. In Russia, ice-hockey is more popular than any other sports. B. In Russia, no sport is more popular than ice-hockey. C. In Russia, no sport is less popular than ice-hockey. D. In Russia, one of the most popular sports is ice-hockey. 14. Tet holiday is the most interesting Vietnamese traditional festival that he’s ever attended. A. Tet holiday is more interesting than the Vietnamese traditional festival that he’s ever attended. B. He has never attended a more interesting Vietnamese traditional festival than Tet holiday. C. He has attended many interesting Vietnamese traditional festival including Tet holiday. D. Tet holiday is one of the most interesting Vietnamese traditional festival he’s ever attended. 15. There are more superstitious beliefs in Eastern countries than in Western ones. A. Western countries don’t have fewer superstitious beliefs than Eastern ones. B. Eastern countries have more superstitious beliefs than Western ones. C. Eastern and Western countries have many more superstitious beliefs. D. More superstitious beliefs exist in Western countries than in Eastern ones. 16. Pho (rice noodles) is believed to be the most typical food in Viet Nam. A. It is believed that Pho (rice noodles] is the most typical food in Viet Nam. B. A more typical food than Pho (rice noodles] is believed in Viet Nam. C. I believe that Viet Nam has the most typical food like Pho (rice noodles]. D. No food in Viet Nam is less typical than Pho (rice noodles]. 17. I have never read a better book about cultural diversity than I have ever read. A. This book is a good book about cultural diversity I have ever read. B. This is the best book about cultural diversity I have ever read. C. This book is as good as the one about cultural diversity I have ever read. D. The book about cultural diversity I have ever read isn’t better than this one. 18. Lee talks to people more politely than Ben. A. Ben doesn’t talk to people as politely as Lee. Page 47

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) B. Ben doesn’t talk to people politely as Lee. C. Ben doesn’t talk to people more politely than Lee. D. Ben doesn’t talk to people less politely than Lee. 19. No student in my class can run as fast as Jack. A. Jack is faster than no student in my class. B. Jack is the fastest runner in my class. C. All students in my class don’t run faster than Jack. D. No student in my class runs fast as Jack. 20. This question is harder than the last one. A. The last question is not difficult. B. This question is the most difficult one. C. The last question is difficult but this one is more difficult. D. This question is hard but the last one is not. 21. As Elton John became more famous, it was more difficult for him to avoid reporters. A. The most famous Elton John became, the more difficult for him to avoid reporters. B. The more famous Elton John became, the more difficult it was for him to avoid reporters. C. The more famous Elton John had become, the more difficult for him to avoid reporters. D. The more Elton John became famous, the more difficult for him to avoid reporters. 22. We cut down many forests. The Earth becomes hot. A. The more forests we cut down, the hotter the Earth becomes. B. The more we cut down forests, the hotter the Earth becomes. C. The more forests we cut down, the Earth becomes hotter. D. The more we cut down forests, the Earth becomes hotter. 23. As he earned more money, Mike bought more clothes. A. When Mike earned a lot of money, he bought more and more clothes. B. The more money Mike earned, the better clothes he bought. C. The more money Mike earned, the best clothes he bought. D. The more money Mike earned, the more clothes he bought. 24. Jupiter is bigger than all the other planets in the solar system. A. No other planets in the solar system is as big as Jupiter. B. Jupiter is the biggest planet in the solar system. C. All other planets in the solar system are not so big that Jupiter. D. Among the planets in the solar system, Jupiter is the biggest of all. 25. No other student in his class is as successful as Pat. A. Pat succeeded in beating all other students in his class. B. Pat is the most successful student in his class. C. His class is less successful than Pat is. D. The more successful his class is, the more success Pat gets. Page 48

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) MODULE 11:THE ORDERS OF THE ADJECTIVES I. Quy tắc Khi dùng từ hai tính từ trở lên để miêu tả cho một danh từ, nếu các tính từ cùng loại thì ta phân cách chúng bằng dấu phẩy, còn nếu khác loại thì ta xếp chúng cạnh nhau. Trật tự các tính từ được quy định theo thứ tự sau: OSASCO Opinion Useful (hữu ích), beautiful (đẹp), interesting MP (thú vị), lovely (đáng yêu), delicious (ngon miệng), handsome (đẹp trai), glorious (lộng lẫy), luxurious (sang trọng) Size big (to), small (nhỏ), large (lớn), huge (khổng lồ), tiny (bé xíu), long (dài), short (ngắn), tall (cao)... Age old (già, cũ), young (trẻ), new (mới), brand- Shape new (mới toanh), ancient (cổ đại), modern (hiện đại),... round (tròn), triangle (tam giác), cubic (hình hộp), heart-shaped (hình trái tim), flat (bằng phẳng), square (hình vuông)... Color black (đen), red (đỏ), white (trắng), blue (xanh), yellow (vàng), cream (màu kem), violet (tím), purple (đỏ tía), navy blue (xanh hải quân. Origin Vietnamese, English, Indian, Thai, German, Material American,... Silk (lụa), gold (vàng), silver (bạc), wooden (gỗ), metal (kim loại), plastic (nhựa), leather (da), glass (thuỷ tinh), concrete (bê tông), ivory (ngà)... Purpose sitting, sleeping, wedding, waiting... Page 49

Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises ) PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. They take their ________ children to the park every day. A. lovely African small young B. African small young lovely C. small young lovely African D. young lovely African small 2. At first sight I met her. I was impressed with her ________. A. big beautiful round black eyes B. beautiful black big round eyes C. beautiful big round black eyes D. beautiful round big black eyes 3. This is a picture of a ________ bus. A. red bright London B. bright red London C. London bright red D. London red bright 4. Lara goes to a ________ temple every week. A. great big ancient Buddhist B. Buddhist great big ancient C. ancient great big Buddhist D. big great ancient Buddhist 5. There are some ________ pictures in this newspaper. A. white interesting computer-generated new B. computer-generated white interesting new C. interesting new white computer-generated D. new interesting computer-generated white 6. She is doing extremely well in her ________ graduate course. A. intensive one -year English B. one -year English intensive C. intensive English one-year D. English intensive one-year 7. During the winter I like having a ________ house. A. pretty small red wooden B. wooden pretty small red C. small pretty red wooden D. red wooden pretty small 8. I would like to have ________ sports shoes to run in the park. A. grey medium leather comfortable B. comfortable medium grey leather C. comfortable leather grey medium D. medium leather comfortable grey 9. They say he's a ________ student for his age. A. tall mature brilliant B. mature brilliant tall C. brilliant tall mature D. tall brilliant mature 10. The speaker is a ________ professor. A. old short Spanish kind B. kind short old Spanish C. Spanish kind old short D. kind Spanish short old 11. My sister lives in a ________ apartment. A. nice wooden new B. new nice wooden C. nice new wooden D. wooden nice new 12. My cousin bought a ________ bowl. A. blue ancient lovely small B. lovely blue small ancient Page 50