7B magazine

HISTORY OF KERALA So, hello guys today we are going to discuss about the history of Kerala and we are not going to talk about the whole history it will take a lot of time so we are going to discuss about formation of our state Kerala Formation of Kerala state The two kingdoms of Travancore and Cochin joined the Union of India after independence in 1947. On 1 July 1949, the two states were merged to form Travancore-Cochin. On 1 January 1950, Travancore-Cochin was recognised as a state. The Madras Presidency was reorganised to form Madras State in 1947. On 1 November 1956, the state of Kerala was formed by the States Reorganisation Act merging the Malabar district, Travancore-Cochin (excluding four southern taluks, which were merged with Tamil Nadu), and the taluk of Kasargod, South Kanara.[71] In 1957, elections for the new Kerala Legislative Assembly were held, and a reformist, Communist-led government came to power, under E. M. S. Namboodiripad.[71] It was the first time a Communist government was democratically elected to power anywhere in the world. It initiated pioneering land reforms, aiming to lowering of rural poverty in Kerala. However, these reforms were largely non-effective to mark a greater change in the society as these changes were not effected to a large extend. Lakhs of farms were owned by large establishments, companies and estate owners. They were not affected by this move and this was considered as a treachery as these companies and estates were formed by and during the British rule. Two things were the real reason for the reduction of poverty in Kerala one was the policy for wide scale education and second was the overseas migration for labour to Middle east and other countries AMITH . S 116 # Inspiring in every page

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Christopher Columbus is the man who discovered the continent of America. He was born in 1451 at Genoa,Italy. His parents were Domenico Columbo and Susanna Fontanarossa. His wife’s name was Filipa Moniz. One day he set sail to reach India. During those days India was very rich in spices, Gems etc. King Ferdinand II sponsored his journey. Columbus went West. He travelled a lot to find India, went through a lot of hardships but at last he found land. He thought it was India. But instead of India he had landed on America crossing the Atlantic ocean. He did not know that it was America that he found and not India until his death. He died in 1506, Valladolid, Spain. NAME:Ananthapadmanabhan.R # Inspiring in every page 117

CULTURE SHOCK Don’t be surprised if people you don’t know will ask you how much you earn or how much your car cost. This is quite normal. People younger than you will avoid looking you straight in the eye. This is not rude – on the contrary, it is a sign of respect . If it’s your birthday, you are expected to invite friends or your colleagues for a drink or a meal . You are the host, so you are expected to pay. Punctuality is important. If you arrange to meet someone, try not to be more than a few minutes late It is common to see young children eating in restaurants with their parents , even quiet late at night. It is quite normal to visit people at home without being invited . If you do, take a gift with you ANIKAA PRASANTH C # Inspiring in every page 118

SOBRIQUETS Light of Asia – Sri Buddha A Picture on your topic Poet’s Poet – Edmund Spensor Sage of Kanchi – Shankaracharya Milk man of India – Varghese Kurien Kerala Simham – Pazhassi Raja Pulaya Raja – Ayyankali Bharat Kesari – Mannathu Padmanabhan Valiya Diwanji – Raja Keshavadas Bengal Tiger – Bipin Chandra Pal Lion of Punjab – Lala Lajpat Rai Daughter of East – Benazir Bhuto Kerala Subash Chandra Bose- Abdul Rahman Kerala Jawaharlal Nehru - Kottoor KunjiKrishnan Menon BHAVYA RAJEEV 119 # Inspiring in every page

“KING TUT” The most famous Egyptian Pharaoh is without doubt, Tutankhamun. However, before the spectacular discovery of his intact tomb in the Valley of the Kings in November 1922, he was a lesser known figure. He became pharaoh at the tender age of nine in 1337 BC and reigned during the 18 th Dynasty when the Egyptian empire was at its height. He reigned from about 1337 to 1328 BC.His tomb was discovered by a team of British Archaeologists in 1922 led by Howard Carter,nearly 3000 years after his death.Over 3,000 treasures were placed in the tomb to help Tutankhamen in his afterlife, and the walls of the burial chamber were painted with scenes of his voyage to the afterworld. Legend has it, anyone who dares to open the tomb will suffer the wrath of the mummy. DEV NANDAN.J 120 # Inspiring in every page

KANCHENJUNGA Kanchenjunga is the 3rd largest peak in the world. It surround in Nepal, India and Sikkim. Until 1852 Kanchenjunga was the largest peak in the world. It was officially declared that it is the 3rd largest peak in the world. It was first climbed by Joe Brown and George Band on 25 may 1955. They told that the top of the mountain would be intact. Everyone has followed this advice. Kanchenjunga in Limbu language is Senjelungma and is believed to be an abode of omnipotent goddess Yuma Sammang. Diya Parveen A Picture on your topic # Inspiring in every page 121

OCEANS An ocean is a body of water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean. The phrases \"the ocean\" or \"the sea\" used without specification refer to the interconnected body of salt water covering the majority of the Earth's surface. They are all interconnected. The ocean waters are always moving. The three chief movements of ocean waters are the waves, the tides and the ocean currents. The four major oceans are the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean, in order of their size CROSS WORD – Five OCEANS Down: 1. Continent surrounded by the Across: 1. Smallest ocean Southern Ocean 2. In which period Atlantic Ocean formed 6. Deepest part in Pacific Ocean 3. Arctic Ocean is called ___ ocean 7. Largest Ocean 4. Ocean shaped as ‘S’ 8. Also known as Austral Ocean 5. Indian ocean is known as 9. Ocean named after a country Answers: across: 1.arctic 2.jurassic 3.frozen 4.atlantic 5.ratnakara GANGA C DILEEP Down: 1.australia 6. Mariana trench 7.pacific 8.southern 9.indian # Inspiring in every page 122

GANDHIJI’S VISIT TO KERALA • Gandhiji made five trips to kerala. The first visit was on 18th august 1920. That is,we are commem-erating the 100th years of his Kerala visit.It was a mission of campaign to support for Non –cooperation Movement against Britisher’s –Rowlatt Act.It was also to support Khilfat movemet. • 1925 march 8 -19. The second visit of Gandhiji was to destroy the forts of caste descrimination and untouchablity wholespread In kerala .this mission of visit was vaikam satjagraha, aiming to open the ways to temple to all hindus he also visited Sree Naryana Guru . • 1927 october 9-15 On bapuji’s third visit to Kerala,Gandhiji narchal to vivekodayam school at Thrissur YOUR NAME:KOUSHIK G 123 ANAND # Inspiring in every page

MAHATMA GANDHI’S VISIT TO KERALA • Kerala,Gandhiji- marched to vivekodayam school at Thrissur .He inspired students and teacher to wear khadi • 1934 January 10-22 Gandhiji visited sabari ashram And made Conversation with swamiji and inmates of Ashram. 1937 January 12-21 • Gandhiji’s final travel to Kerala was to participate in the ceremony of Temple entry proclamation declared by travancore Maharaja Sree chithirathirunal Balarama varma on nov`12 1936 NAME:KOUSHIK G ANAND # Inspiring in every page 124

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS 1. Taj Mahal: The Taj Mahal is a white marble built by Shah Jahan in the memory of this wife, Mumtaz Mahal. In Arabic, the Taj Mahal is known as “crown of palaces”. Taj Mahal has many unique designs. The reflection of the sky on the white marble the Taj Mahal can appear in different color at different time of day. 2.Red Fort :The Red Fort was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in 1648.When it was built by Shah Jahan it was actually white. It was originally made of lime stones. It was when the white stone began chipping off; the British had to paint it with red. 3. Qutub Minar: The height of the Qutub Minar is 72.5 meters. There are 379 stairs inside the tower, which lead to the top. Te diameter of Qutub Minar is 14.32 meters at the base and 2.75 meters at the top. 4. Charminar: The Charminar, constructed in 1591, is a monument and mosque located in Hyderabad, Telegana, India. Its height is 56m. It is built with granite, limestone, mortar, marble. MEENAKSHI NAJU # Inspiring in every page 125

PALAU ISLAND Palau Islands are located in the western Pacific Ocean, Palau has an area of 466 square Kilometers. It consists of some 340 coral and volcanic islands. Palau became an independent state in 1994, after gaining its sovereign from the US. The population of Palau is 21,032. The most populous island is Koror. The original settlers of Palau are believed to have arrived from Indonesia as early as 2500 BC. Many visitors come from Taiwan, with which Palau has diplomatic ties. Taiwanese aid boosts the economy. The government is Palau's largest employer. There is concern that the low-lying islands could be badly affected by rising sea levels possible due to climate change. NAIRA FIROZ # Inspiring in every page 126

VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE The Vijayanagara Empire ( also called Vijayanagar Empire Karnata Empire and the Kingdom of Bisnegar by the Portuguese) was based in the Deccan Plateau region in South India. It was established in 1336 by the brothers Harihara I and Bukka Raya I of Sangama Dynasty, members of a pastoralist cowherd community that claimed Yadava lineage. The empire is named after its capital city of Vijayanagara, whose ruins surround present day Hampi, now a World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India. Archaeological excavations at Vijayanagara have revealed the empire’s power and wealth.The Vijayanagara Empire created an epoch in the history of Southern India that transcended regionalism by promoting Hinduism as a unifying factor. NIA ANN MATHEW 7B 127 # Inspiring in every page

OUR EARTH The earth is ours to enjoy For every little girl and boy. But we must always be aware That all its beauty we must share With all the children yet to come Who want to laugh and play and run Around the trees and in the fields. So we must keep our planet free From messy fresh and debris. With air that’s clean and fresh and clear For all to breathe from year to year. We must never ever abuse Our sweet earth that’s our to use. NIVEDYA V S 128 # Inspiring in every page

DIONYSUS THEATRE The Dionysus Theatre was in Athens, Greece. It was major open-air theatre. The theatre was dedicated to Dionysus, the God of plays and wine. The works of ancient Greek playwrights like Aeschylus, Euripides Aristophanes, and Sophocles were premiered here. It was the world’s first theatre built of stone. Around 15,000 to 17,000 spectators could sit in the theatre. RIYA ELIZABETH ABRAHAM # Inspiring in every page 129

Amazing facts about india • Diamonds were first mined in India. • The game of chess originated in India. • Biggest consumer and producer of mangoes is India. • India is the World’s second largest English speaking country. • India has the second largest army in the world. • India has the largest number of Post Offices in the world. RIYA ELIZABETH ABRAHAM # Inspiring in every page 130

TAJ MAHAL The Taj Mahal 'Crown of the Palace' is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the southern bank of the river Yamuna in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (reigned from 1628 to 1658) to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal; it also houses the tomb of Shah Jahan himself. The tomb is the centrepiece of a 17- hectare (42-acre) complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall. # Inspiring in every page ROJA DANIEL 131

TENALI RAMAKRSNUDU THE GREEDY BRAHMINS The mother of king Krishnadevaraya was very religious, one day she came and told to her son (KING) that she would like to offer some ripe mangoes to the Brahmins the next morning. The king asked his attendants to get mangoes for her, that very night king’s mother died. The king was very sad, but he remembered her last wish. He performed all the necessary religious rites, on the last day he called some Brahmins and asked them to suggest a way to fulfill his mother’s last wish, however the Brahmins were greedy. After discussion they told the king that his mother’s sole would be at peace only if the king donated mangoes made of gold to them. The king invited the Brahmins to give away the golden mangoes to them. But when Tenali Raman heard this, he at once understood that the Brahmins were greedy. He invited them to his house so that he could teach them a lesson. The Brahmins were very happy to get the golden mangoes from the king, and then they went to tenali’s house thinking that he too would donate some gifts to them. But when they went inside tenali’s house they saw Tenali standing with a hot iron bar, Brahmins were shocked. Tenali told them that king’s mother had died from ‘rheumatism’ and she always wish to burn her legs with the hot rods to ease the pain. Thus Tenali wanted to burn the legs of the Brahmins so that kings mother’s sole could rest in peace. The Brahmins understood his trick, feeling ashamed they returned the golden mangoes to Tenali and fled from there. Tenali returned all the mangoes to the king and recited what happened. “DO NOT BE GREEDY AND SHOULD BE HAPPY WITH WHATEVER ONE HAVE” SHIKHA NISHANTH, 7B # Inspiring in every page 132

MILKY WAY GALAXY The Milky Way is the galaxy that YOUR NAME:TREESA T KOLOTH contains our Solar System with the name describing the galaxy’s appearance from Earth:A hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye.Galileo Galilei first resolved the band of light into the individual stars with his telescope in 1610.Until the early 1920’s,most astronomers thought that the Milky Way contained all the stars in the universe.Following the 1920 Great Debate between the astronomers Harlow Shapley and Haber Curtis, observations by Edwin Hubble showed that the Milky Way is just one of many galaxies. The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy,about 100,000 light-years across.If you could look down on it from the top,you would see a central bulge surrounded by four large spiral arms that wrap around it. Stars and gases at a wide range of distance from the Galactic Center orbit at approximately 220 kilometers per second. The constant rotation speed contradicts the laws of Keplerian dynamics and suggests that much of the mass of the Milky Way is invisible to telescopes, neither emitting nor absorbing electromagnetic radiation. # Inspiring in every page 133

Computer a virtual world of live pictures # Inspiring in every page 134

About social media Amith. S So hello guys today we are going to discuss about social media So we all know that 59 online applications like Helo , tik tok etc. got banned in India and this happened because these were Chinese apps and this was for our good. Now this is the point if china wished to do a war with India they could do that easily because we were using Chinese apps and they can get all information about India so look games like PUBG was also going to banned in India it did not because that game is not entirely Chinese and so tencent games the company which created PUBG announced a new policy so we are not going to examine it deeply so social media is good and also bad because we get news and other things and also it is harmful for our eyes and brain there was a incident which happened in Kerala that a boy died because he was continuously using mobile and his spinal cord got damaged and there are more cases like a boy died while using youtube and even some games do these things there was a game called blue whale game which is now banned In India it led people to suicide. # Inspiring in every page 135

Super Computer Amrita S R A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer. The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS). Such computers have been used primarily for scientific and engineering work requiring exceedingly high-speed computations. Common applications for supercomputers include testing mathematical models for complex physical phenomena or designs, such as climate and weather, evolution of the cosmos, nuclear weapons and reactors, new chemical compounds (especially for pharmaceutical purposes), and cryptology. The CDC 6600 from Control Data Corp., is generally recognized as the first supercomputer, according to Wikipedia. Built in 1964, it was designed by Seymour Cray, and ran at about 1 megaflop (a million floating point operations per second). # Inspiring in every page 136

As of January 2018, Pratyush and Mihir are the fastest supercomputer in India with a maximum speed of 6.8 PetaFlops at a total cost of INR 438.9 Crore. The system was inaugurated by Dr. Harsh Vardhan , Union Minister for science and technology, on 8 January 2018. As of June 2020, when ranking by number of supercomputer systems in the TOP500 list, India is ranked 23rd in the world. # Inspiring in every page 137

IOT (Internet Of Things) Ananthapadmanabhan.R Internet of Things (IOT) basically means connecting all devices to internet. Digital and mechanical devices, objects or even living things can come under IOT. The devices thus interconnected, can collect and send information or receive and act on information or do both. Let us take the example of a farm. Sensors can sense the amount of moisture in the soil. This gives information about when the soil needs to be watered. Weather sensors can tell when it’s going to rain. These data will be transferred over the internet to computer- controlled irrigation system. These super computers then receive the data, decide when the crops need to be watered and how much water is required. Irrigation system then acts on it and water the crops. Everything can be done automatically using IOT-enabled devices. In this case, the exact amount of water is used without wastage or shortage. IOT-enabled Refrigeration systems, vehicles, smart jackets, smart fire alarms, smart watches, smart security systems etc are becoming common these days. # Inspiring in every page 138

IT Personalities ASHISH NOBEY THOMAS Vinod Dham is known as “Father of Pentium Chip” 139 or “Father of Pentium” for the role in the development of highly successful Pentium processors from Intel. He is also one of the co- inventors in the Flash memory. Steve Chen is one of the co-founders and was the Chief Technology Officer of the popular websites YouTube. YouTube was founded in 2005 by Chad Hurley, Jawed Karim and Steve Chen. YouTube is currently very popular and the major provider of online videos. It is ranked third behind Google and Facebook as one of the most visited sites on the web. In October 16, 2006, YouTube was sold to Google, Inc. for $1.65 billion. # Inspiring in every page

COMPUTER Diya Parveen L S Short Keys: - Ctrl + S = Save Ctrl + P = Print Ctrl + C = Copy Ctrl + V = Paste Ctrl + Z = Undo Ctrl + Y = Redo Ctrl + U = Underline Ctrl + B = Bold Ctrl + I = Italicize Ctrl + A = Select entire content of a page Ctrl + N = Create new document Shift + Delete = Delete Permanently Ctrl + K = make hyperlink Ctrl + J = Justify # Inspiring in every page 140

COMPUTER FACTS MEENAKSHI NAJU 1. In 1833 a man by the name Charles Babbage invented all the parts 141 that are now used for a modern computer. But it was only 120 years later that the first modern computers were invented. 2. The first electronic computer ENIAC weighed more than 27 tons and took up 1800 square feet. 3. TYPEWRITTER is the longest word that you can write using the letters only on one row of the keyboard of your computer. 4. Douglas Engelbart invented the first computer mouse in around 1964 which was made of wood. 5. There are more than 5000 new computer viruses released every month. 6. If there was a computer as powerful as the human brain, it would be able to do 38 thousand trillion operations per second and hold more than 3580 terabytes and memory. 7. The password for the computer controls of nuclear tipped missiles of the U.S was 00000000 for eight years. 8. The first 1GB hard disk drive was announced in 1980 which weighed about 550 pounds, and had a price tag of $40,000. 9. The original name of windows was Interface Manager. 10. The first microprocessor created by Intel was the 4004. It was designed for a calculator, and in that time nobody imagined where it would lead. 11. Ada Lovelace, an English mathematician and a writer, is considered as the first computer programmer. 12. In 1936, the Russians made a computer that ran on water. 13. Alan Turing is the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. # Inspiring in every page

9. The original name of windows was Interface Manager. 10. The first microprocessor created by Intel was the 4004. It was designed for a calculator, and in that time nobody imagined where it would lead. 11. Ada Lovelace, an English mathematician and a writer, is considered as the first computer programmer. 12. In 1936, the Russians made a computer that ran on water. 13. Alan Turing is the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. # Inspiring in every page 142

SURFACE COMPUTING Naira Firoz More than decades after the introduction of the computer mouse, Microsoft has established a new branch of computer technology known as surface computing. The goal of surface computing is to recognize touch and objects on the screen’s surface and to Interact with those objects seamlessly, without the use of a mouse, keyboard or USB port. We are familiar with touchscreens that allow us to access contact without the use of a mouse or keyboard, but surface computing goes even beyond this. The ‘Surface’ is a 76 cm ‘coffee table’ display that not only enables direct interaction with digital content, but also responds to natural gestures and physical objects. The surface can recognise physical objects. For example, by simply placing a digital camera on the table top, the surface would recognise what it was, and would automatically display its contents. # Inspiring in every page 143