["N g\u00e0y C\u00e1 th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 (Ng\u00e0y m \u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng T\u01b0, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) C\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng T\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ea1i h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f9a v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00eau ch\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng to b\u1ecb tr\u00e1ch m\u1eafng. Th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y C\u00e1 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 N\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c coi l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y C\u00e1 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0, ng\u00e0y n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i m\u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng T\u01b0. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 16 \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, m\u00f9a l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i h\u00e0ng n\u0103m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng T\u01b0. C\u0169ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c t\u00ednh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 v\u00ec ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1582, Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Charles IX \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh chuy\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng M\u1ed9t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, do ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta truy\u1ec1n tin ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y b\u1ed9 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u00f2i kh\u00e1c tuy bi\u1ebft v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1ecbch m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3n n\u0103m m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng T\u01b0. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ngoan c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f9a v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cng\u00e0y n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i\u201d. D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f9a v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 lan t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p sang Anh v\u00e0 Scotlamd (th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i sang c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u0129. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y C\u00e1 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau. *T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M 101","\u1edf Anh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb l\u1eeba trong d\u1ecbp m\u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cApril Fool\u201d c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cfool\u201d - k\u1ebb ng\u1ed1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb l\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u201cPoissons DAvirl\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0\u201d. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p n\u00ean \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y C\u00e1 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0. 2. \u00dd ngh\u00eda ng\u00e0y C\u00e1 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to l\u1edbn l\u00e0 mang \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m vui, tinh th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i t\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1edfi nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f9a v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1i, th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhau. 3. Nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f9a n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh - L\u1eeba m\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. - Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cqu\u1ea3 l\u1eeba\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7... c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb l\u1eeba. - \u0110\u1eebng n\u00ean l\u1eeba ba m\u1eb9. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y C\u00e1 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t gi\u1eadn n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n l\u1eeba (d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f9a m\u00e0 th\u00f4i). Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 th\u00edch h\u1ee2p. Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y C\u00e1 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 vui v\u1ebb! 102 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT t r o n g n \u0103 m","lu ^ \u1ec7 n ' c\u01b0\u1eb1i' B\u00c0 C m G N\u00d3I D\u1ed0I \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C - H\u00f4m nay b\u00e0 th\u1eadt l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby v\u00e0 xinh \u0111\u1eb9p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh \u0111\u00e1p: - C\u1ea3m dn \u00f4ng! R\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi khen t\u1eb7ng \u1ea5y v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c. - Kh\u00f4ng sao, b\u00e0 c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c. . r?i T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 103","Ng\u00e0y Q y\u1ed1 c T\u1ebe LAO \u0110\u1ed8NG (Ng\u00e0y m \u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng N\u0103m, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) \u1eca \u1eca\u1eb1n\u1ee3 n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi I I l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng nhau k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng N\u0103m T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ai ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, vui ch\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Tuy v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y. 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129. Ng\u00e0y 1\/5\/1886, 40.000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Chicago n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129 tham gia b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1ec1\u01b0n g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c bu\u1ed9c gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 8 gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y: \u201cM\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 8 gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, 8 gi\u1edd ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, 8 gi\u1edd vui ch\u01a1i!\u201d. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Chicago \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng lan sang Washington, NewYork, Boston... Ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng N\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c ch\u1ecdn di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t n\u0103m k\u1ebf to\u00e1n t\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf M\u0129. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, h\u1ee2p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa th\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c k\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 tham gia b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c bu\u1ed9c gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. 104 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M","D\u00f9 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Ba n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n II, h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i Paris, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y 1\/5 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh chung c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, sau c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945, n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ng\u00e0y 2\/9\/1946, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ed s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u01b0\u01a1ng trong ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng N\u0103m h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y 1\/5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. 2. \u00dd ngh\u0129a ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng - Ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng coi nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0y quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c t\u00f4n vinh. L\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. 3. C\u00e1c hoat \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m - V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ec3d l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. H\u1ecd c\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111i ch\u01a1i, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng vui v\u1ebb. - C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a - th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 thao t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00ecnh trong d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ec1m c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi n\u1ea5u \u0103n, thi c\u1eafm hoa, thi v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p; t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ec3 thao: b\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec1n, b\u00f3ng b\u00e0n, b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1... trong \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. C\u00f3 n\u01a1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee2p \u0111\u1ee3t ngh\u1ec9 l\u1ec5 d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y (k\u00e8m v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 l\u1ec5 30 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i tham quan du l\u1ecbch. T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 105","DANH NG\u00d4N V\u1ec0 L A O \u0110 \u1ed8 N G H\u00e3y k\u1ecdc kki ng\u01b0\u1eddi kk\u00e1c ng\u1ee7; lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kki ng\u01b0\u00e8ri kk\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1eddi nk\u00e1c; cku\u1ea9n k\u1ecbkki ng\u01b0\u00f2d kk\u00e1c ck\u01a1i kcd; v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 kki ng\u01b0\u00f2d kk\u00e1c ck\u1ec9 ao \u01b0\u1edbc. - Wil\u00eciam \u00c2rth ur WarJ - Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng xua \u0111u\u1ed5i ka s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u xa kink kk\u1ee7ng, n\u1ed7i ku\u1ed3n ck\u00e1n, tk\u00f3i tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ngk\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i. - Vo\u0129taire - Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m k\u1ea1n ku\u1ed3n ck\u00e1n \u01b0? H\u00e3y lao v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ea1n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u00e1i tim, s\u1ed1ng v\u00ec n\u00f3, ck\u1ebft v\u00ec n\u00f3, v\u00e0 k\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm tk\u1ea5y tk\u1ee9 k\u1ea1nk pk\u00fac t\u01b0cmg ck\u1eebng nk\u01b0 kk\u00f4ng kao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. - Da\u00ece Carnegie - Tk\u1ea5t ngki\u1ec7p l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nk\u1eefng tk\u00f3i k\u01b0 t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u. - T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef Latin - Con ng\u01b0\u00f2d sink ra \u0111\u1ec3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ed1ng nk\u01b0 con ckim sink ra l\u00e0 \u00e1\u1ec3 kay. - T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef \u0110\u1ee9c - 106 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M","N g\u00e0y Q y \u1ed1 c T\u1ebe THI\u1ebeU NHI (Ng\u00e0y m \u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) A Igr\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Thi\u1ebfu nhi (t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi I l\u00e0 T\u1ebft Thi\u1ebfu nhi), l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 v\u00ec tr\u1ebb em, v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c tr\u1ebb em t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. 1. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi V\u00e0o r\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 1\/6\/1942, ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0110\u1ee9c bao v\u00e2y l\u00e0ng Li-\u0111i-x\u01a1 (Ti\u1ec7p Kh\u1eafc), 173 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1m \u00f4ng, 196 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111i. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ec1m s\u00e1t d\u00e3 man 66 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a 104 em thi\u1ebfu nhi v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung, 88 em \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c, 9 em kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i l\u00e0m tay sai cho b\u1ecdn ph\u00e1t x\u00edt. L\u00e0ng Li-\u0111i-x\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hai n\u0103m sau, ng\u00e0y 10\/6\/1944, ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0110\u1ee9c l\u1ea1l bao v\u00e2y th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u00d4-ra-\u0111ua (Ph\u00e1p), ch\u00fang d\u1ed3n 400 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, r\u1ed3i ph\u00f3ng h\u1ecfa thi\u00eau ch\u00e1y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 100 tr\u1ebb em. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec1mg tr\u0103m tr\u1ebb em v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i, n\u0103m 1949 Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thi\u1ebfu nhi, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00f2i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng cho thi\u1ebfu nhi, \u0111\u00f2i gi\u1ea3m ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1950, ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebfu nhi. T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 107","Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m \u1edf v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Vi\u1ec7t Nam thu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed1i X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y 1\/6 l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf thi\u1ebfu nhi. Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169 c\u0169ng ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 tr\u1ebb th\u01a1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ebb em. Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ec9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi N\u0103m 1954, nh\u1eb1m khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ghi nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i tr\u1ebb em, Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y Thi\u1ebfu nhi Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 20\/11 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 tr\u1ebb em tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra: Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ebb em (1959), C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ebb em c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c k\u00ed k\u1ebft v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y (1989), c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 191 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n. Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 k\u00ed v\u00e0o C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. T\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Nam b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ng\u00e0y tr\u1ebb em, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau trong n\u0103m. Ng\u00e0y tr\u1ebb em \u1edf \u00fac l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 tu\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi, \u1edf Brazil l\u00e0 12 th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi, \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t... Ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ec9 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ebb em - V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00ed Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ebb em d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. T\u1eeb 15\/5 \u0111\u1ebfn 30\/6 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1ng H\u1ec1mh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec tr\u1ebb em Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ngay sau kh\u1ec9 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ng\u00e0y 1\/6 v\u00e0 T\u1ebft Trung thu (15 th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m \u00c2m l\u1ecbch) h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i vui ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebfu nhi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Thi\u1ebfu nhi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (1\/6\/1950) trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh 108 * tIm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 t\u1ebft trong n\u0103m","cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1eabn g\u1eedi th\u01b0 ch\u00fac m\u1eebng c\u00e1c em thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, nhi \u0111\u1ed3ng. 2. \u00dd ngh\u0129a ng\u00e0y T\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebfu nhi 1\/6 - Ng\u00e0y 1\/6 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u00e3ng non cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lu\u00f4n quan t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c tr\u1ebb em t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. - \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c em thi\u1ebfu nhi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c vui ch\u01a1i, nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 b\u1edd b\u1ebfn d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c con th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0. - \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nhi \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft thi\u1ebfu nhi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. 3. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng ng\u00e0y 1\/6 - V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c con \u0111i ch\u01a1i, xem xi\u1ebfc, s\u1edf th\u00fa, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, t\u1eb7ng qu\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c b\u00e9, th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t th\u00eam t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m gia \u0111\u00ecnh. - C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i cho c\u00e1c b\u00e9 nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Thi\u1ebfu nhi. T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 109","DANH NG\u00d4N V\u1ec0 T R \u1eba EM T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00f3i ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ki\u1ebft kao nki\u00eau kki xung quank ank l\u00e0 con tr\u1ebb. - Charles Darivin - H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb em vui s\u01b0\u1edbng tkeo c\u00e1ck ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ck\u00fang, v\u00ec ck\u00fang li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 tk\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ck n\u00e0o kay k\u01a1n kk\u00f4ng? - Samue\u00ec\u1ecaohnson - M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tki\u00ean tk\u1ea7n nk\u1ecf s\u1ed1ng trong tk\u1ebf gi\u00f3i tk\u1ea7n ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnk ngay tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. - Khuy\u1ebft danh - 110 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u00c3M","Ng\u00e0y Q y\u1ed1c T\u1ebe N g\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt (Ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng Ba \u1ee9i\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi hai, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra \/\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi may m\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra l\u00e0nh l\u1eb7n th\u00ec lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft b\u1ea9m sinh, ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec m\u1ed9t tai n\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. H\u1ecd ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c lu\u00f4n v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. 1. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt Theo \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c, trong s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 7 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 1 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kho\u1ea3ng g\u1ea7n 15% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. V\u00e0 80% trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00ed v\u1ed1n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf h\u1ecd tham gia \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9l v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00ed. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 111","Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 47\/3 ng\u00e0y 14\/10\/1992, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 3\/12 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. T\u1ea1i K\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp th\u1ee9 8, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam (kh\u00f3a XIII) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, t\u1ea1o c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p l\u00ed kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh cam k\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 2. \u00dd ngh\u00eda ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt - Ng\u00e0y k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee2 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. - Ng\u00e0y k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f2n gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. 3. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch quan t\u00e2m, tr\u1ee2 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee2, ch\u0103m lo cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt; \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c tham gia b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee2p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng t\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. - V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c b\u0103ng r\u00f4n, kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c treo \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p. 112 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M","- C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u0103m v\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng qu\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 trao b\u1eb1ng khen cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. - C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00edt tinh, h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 thao d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi t\u1ec1ii n\u0103ng,... \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. NH\u1eeeNG NG\u01af\u1edcI KHUY\u1ebeT T\u1eacT N\u1ed5l TI\u1ebeNG NGUY\u1ec4N NG\u1eccC K\u00dd \u00f4ng sinh n\u0103m 1947, qu\u00ea \u1edf H\u1ea3i H\u1eadu, Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh. N\u0103m l\u00ean 4 tu\u1ed5i, Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc K\u00fd g\u1eb7p c\u01a1n b\u1ea1o b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 b\u1ecb li\u1ec7t c\u1ea3 hai tay, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i \u0111i h\u1ecdc c\u1eadu v\u1eabn ki\u00ean tr\u00ec t\u1eadp vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n. L\u1edbn l\u00ean, ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0nh Ng\u1eef V\u0103n c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o t\u1eadn t\u00e2m, y\u00eau ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho bao th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 thanh ni\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam. STEPHEN HAWKING \u00d4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge. \u00f4ng sinh n\u0103m 1942, n\u0103m 21 tu\u1ed5i, b\u1ecb m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh x\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng teo c\u01a1 v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 h\u1ed1 \u0111en trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ec9. T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 113","LUDVVING VAN BEETHOVEN \u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c l\u1eebng danh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb x\u01a1 h\u00f3a th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 3 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 48 tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ebfc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 B\u1ea3n giao h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ed1 8 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 9 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c trong th\u1eddi gian sau n\u00e0y. NICK VUUICIC Anh sinh n\u0103m 1982 t\u1ea1i Australia, b\u1ecb h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng etra-amelia b\u1ea9m sinh, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p. Nick kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tay, hai ch\u00e2n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho anh trong vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, anh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, v\u1edbi 1.600 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia, truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 114 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u00c1M","NG\u00c0Y U NG TH\u01af TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI (Ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng B\u1ed1n Ui\u00e1ng Hai, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) C\u0103n b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i lo l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1i. M \u1ed7i n\u0103m, 12,7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0, 7,6 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. Trong 365 ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o? 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u00eda ng\u00e0y Ung th\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0, c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9l Ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng Ung th\u01b0 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (UICC) v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y 4\/2 l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y Ung th\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed vong v\u00e0 m\u1eafc c\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2020. Ng\u00e0y Ung th\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0, n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0. 2. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh trong ng\u00e0y Ung th\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u1eb1m n\u00eau b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0. M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee2p m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh), th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ec1mg l\u1ecdc s\u1edbm. T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 115","V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m huy \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 b\u1ec7nh, m\u1edf ra vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1t h\u0111n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng ung th\u01b0 cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B\u1ea0N C\u00d3 BI\u1ebeT? > \/ H\u01a1n 20.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec ung th\u01b0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong cao l\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa ph\u1ed5i, gan, d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n. > \/ Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nan y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb kh\u1ecfi. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ee9 b\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb s\u1edbm. > \/ H\u01a1n 30% c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng sinh ho\u1ea1t s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, n\u0103ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, bia. > \/ Kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n 7.000 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 70 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp g\u00e2y ra ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 400 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. 116 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u00c0M","n g \u00e0 y Q y\u00f4 c T\u1ebe V\u1ec0 R\u1eeaNG (Ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng Ba, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) r ^ \u1eebnq l\u00e0 l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i xanh c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan # 1 tr\u1ecdnq h\u1ea5p thu kh\u00ed c\u00e1c-bon-n\u00edc, s\u1ea3n sinh ra kh\u00ed \u00f2-xy c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1nq, qi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 tronq vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1nq bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u0169nq v\u00ec t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdnq c\u1ee7a r\u1eebnq m\u00e0 th\u1ebf qi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t nq\u00e0y l\u00e0m nq\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf i\/\u1ec1 R\u1eebnq. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nq\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1nq Ba, nq\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 R\u1eebnq. 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 R\u1eebng Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, r\u1eebng b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u1ec0ui c\u1ea7u \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5l v\u00e0 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u00e1il \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m, b\u00e3o t\u1ed1, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, n\u1eafng h\u1ea1n... th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111\u00e3 \u1ec3mh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0, h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m suy tho\u00e1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc... Ng\u00e0y 28\/11\/2012, \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng Ba h\u00e0ng n\u0103m s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 R\u1eebng. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u1ebemh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u0103m Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 R\u1eebng 2011 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 R\u1eebng s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y. T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 117","2. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 R\u1eebng H\u00e0ng n\u0103m, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1eed h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng, v\u00e0 c\u00e2y r\u1eebng, v\u00ec l\u1ee2i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 R\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y g\u00e2y r\u1eebng, tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m phim, \u1ec3uih v\u1ec1 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c. DANH NG\u00d4N V\u1ec0 T H I \u00ca N N H I \u00ca N * R\u1eebng r\u1eadm tr\u01b0\u1edbc kki c\u00f3 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n, koang m\u1ea1c c\u00f3 sau kki c\u01b0 d\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t ki\u1ec7n. - Sia\u1eafuohu\u00ecian - * Ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00f3ng r\u00e2m trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u00f2i v\u00e0 ng\u1eafm nk\u00ecn c\u00e2y c\u1ecf xank t\u01b0c\u00e3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ngk\u1ec9 ngoi ko\u00e0n k\u1ea3o nk\u1ea5t. -\u1ecaane \u1ea2usten - * Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u00f2i trong nk\u1eefng n\u1ee5 koa. - Ra\u00ecph Wa\u00ec\u1eafo Emerson - 118 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M","N g\u00e0y n \u01b0 \u1edb c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Ng\u00e0y 22 t\u00eci\u00e1ng Ba, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) A \u1ecag\u00e0y N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hay ng\u00e0y N\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch th\u1ebf \/ V gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng Ba h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. 1. T\u1ea1i sao lai c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi? N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m, s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. N\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 1 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m h\u00e0nh tinh ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 3 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1l H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (UNICED) n\u0103m 1992 t\u1ea1i Rio, Brazil. \u0110\u1ea1l h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y 22\/3\/1993 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0y N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh. Ng\u00e0y N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng n\u0103m nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ec0ii nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc; v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt. T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeTTRONGN\u00c3M * 119","2. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m Nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00eci\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (22\/3), T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO) khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh t\u1ec9nh \u0111ang l\u1ec1\u01b0n v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng clo ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Ch\u1ea5t clo v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ef1c t\u00edm c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n, v\u1ec9rus v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nguy\u00ean sinh g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh l\u1eabn trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m,... c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed5 v\u0169, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc; treo bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00e1p ph\u00edch, tranh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u0103ng r\u00f4n... \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ea0N C\u00d3 BI\u1ebeT? T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecbn \u0103n h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 3 ng\u00e0y? N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. D\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y qua m\u00e1u, mang theo oxy v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ra ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \\\"d\u1ea7u nh\u1eddn\\\" \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap m\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng 3 ph\u00fat m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t 3 ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e1i che. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua 3 tu\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c \u0103n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu g\u00ec. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau 3 ng\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4. 120 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M","NG\u00c0Y S\u1ee8C KH\u1eceE TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI (Ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3y th\u00e1ng T\u01b0, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) 5\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \/\u00e0 v\u1ed1n qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u00ec b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, tao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00f3 \/\u00e1 ng\u00e0y S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y? 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u00eda ng\u00e0y s\u1ee9 c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi N\u0103m 1948, WHO l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Y t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1950 l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3y th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp WHO - T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. 2. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m Trong ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, WHO ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee2p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ph\u1eb9un vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u00f9ng chung tay gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, WHO s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, khu v\u1ef1c, qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y v\u00e0 su\u1ed1t n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau b\u1eadt l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1998: B\u00e0 m\u1eb9 an to\u00e0n; 2003: T\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng: M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh cho tr\u1ebb em; 2004: An to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9; 2012: S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, 2015: An to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m,... T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 121","DANH NG\u00d4N V\u1ec0 s\u1ee9 c KH\u1eceE S\u1ee9c kk\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 mink m\u1eabn l\u00e0 kai \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ea1nk pk\u00fac nk\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f2i. - Puhli\u1ec9ius Syrus - Ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta kk\u00f4ng coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ee9c kk\u1ecfe cko t\u00f3d kki \u0111au y\u1ebfu. - T\u00ed\u0129omas Pul\u00ecer - Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kk\u1ecfe, c\u00f3 ki v\u1ecdng; v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u00f2d c\u00f3 ki v\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi tk\u1ee9. - Thomas Car\u00ecy\u00ece - 122 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u1ea2M","n g \u00e0 y s\u1edf h \u1eef u t r \u00ed tu\u1ec7 TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI (Ng\u00e0y 26 \u1eefi\u00e1ng T\u01b0, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) A \u1ecah\u1eef ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, ph\u00e1t minh m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 VI ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. Th\u1ebf ki XXI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c, trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 cao nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu ch\u00fang, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o? 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y s\u1edf h\u1eefu Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Nh\u1eb1m l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u1ea3 t\u00eci\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c S\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi - WIPO (26\/04\/1970), t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 26 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng WIPO (n\u0103m 1999) \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u00e0y S\u1edf h\u1eefu Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d. Ng\u00e0y S\u1edf h\u1eefu Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf, quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean to\u1ec4m c\u1ea7u. Ng\u00e0y S\u1edf h\u1eefu Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, khuy\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 123","h\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u1ec1m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f4ng khai h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p l\u00ed chung v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o - \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng giao l\u01b0u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. 2. C\u00e1c hoat \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, ng\u00e0y S\u1edf h\u1eefu Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang xoay quanh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 2004 - Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00ednh S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o; 2006 - B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng: 2010 - S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi - S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; 2012 - T\u00f4n vinh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa; 2015 - H\u00e3y n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady. V\u00ec \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. (Get Up, stand Up. For Mus\u1ec9c),... B\u1ea0N BI\u1ebeT G\u00cc V\u1ec0 T\u1ed4 CH\u1ee8C s\u1edf H\u1eeeU TR\u00cd TU\u1ec6 TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI? ^ T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c S\u1edf h\u1eefu Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 WIP0) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1967 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1\u2019\u2019 (\u0111i\u1ec1u 1c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa UN v\u00e0 WIP0 n\u0103m 1974) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 \\\"khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2019\u2019. ^ T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c WIP0 hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 184 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed 23 hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i Cen\u00e8ve, Th\u1ee5y S\u0129. WIP0 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c. 124 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u00c3M","NG\u00c0Y T \u1ef1 DO B\u00c1O CH\u00cd TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI (Ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng Ba th\u00e1ng N\u0103m, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \/ c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t khi t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 cao quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn. B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y? 1. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u00e0y T\u01b0 do B\u00e1o ch\u00ed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c, \u201cm\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111a nguy\u00ean\u201d ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4\u00ad ng s\u1ee2 b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a. Theo \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 V\u0103n h\u00f3a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c, ng\u00e0y 20.12.1993, \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 3\/5 l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u00e0y T\u1ef1 do B\u00e1o ch\u00ed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d (Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 48\/432) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 19 c\u1ee7a Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ng\u00e0y k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Windhoek, m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u01b0a ra n\u0103m 1991. 2. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki ni\u1ec7m UNESCO \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ng\u00e0y T\u1ef1 do B\u00e1o ch\u00ed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng Gi\u1ea3i T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u00c3M * 125","Guillermo Cano cho t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trao cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hay m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng cao quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ec1m lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u0103ng cai \u0111\u1ee9ng ra t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y T\u1ef1 do B\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, th\u01b0\u1eddng khai m\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng Th\u01b0 k\u00ed Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c UNESCO v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng hay Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0. DANH NG\u00d4N V\u1ec0 B\u00c1O CH\u00cd B\u00e1o ck\u00ed t\u1ef1 do, d\u0129 nki\u00ean, c\u00f3 tk\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tk\u1ec3 x\u1ea5u, nk\u01b0ng k\u1ea7u nk\u01b0 ck\u1eafc ck\u1eafn n\u1ebfu kk\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do, L\u00e1o ck\u00ed ck\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tk\u1ec3 l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u. - \u1ea2\u00cchert Camus - S\u1ef1 tk\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u00f3n k\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 nguy ki\u1ec3m trong k\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nk c\u1ee7a ngk\u1ec1 k\u00e1o ckuy\u00ean ngki\u1ec7p s.- Hunter Thompson - Kki quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Li\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ck\u00fang k\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do L\u00e1o cL\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5n L\u1ea1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 ck\u00fang ta tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eb7p nguy ki\u1ec3m. -C h ristopher Doc\u1ec9\u1ea9 - 126 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M","NG\u00c0Y M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI (Ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng N\u0103m th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) O \u1ea1\/7 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ^ J c \u0169 n g nh\u01b0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. B\u1edfi mu\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xanh s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 trong l\u00e0nh. 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 5\/6 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1972 v\u00e0 giao cho Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (UNEP) c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Nairobi, Kenya, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. H\u1eb1ng n\u0103m, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, l\u1ec5 k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ecdng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1l h\u01a1n 100 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u01b0u \u00fd to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. 2. C\u00e1c hoat \u0111\u00f4ng k\u1ec9 ni\u00eam M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0m n\u01a1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m Ng\u00e0y M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 s\u1ebd h\u1ee2p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi UNEP t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u00f4-g\u00f4 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u00c2M * 12?","C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, phong ph\u00fa, nh\u01b0 tu\u1ea7n h\u1ec1mh, di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng xe \u0111\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c xanh, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi t\u1eb9d tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y, chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch t\u00e1l ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 trong l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i. D ANH NG\u00d4N V\u1ec0 M\u00d4I T R \u01af \u1edcN G ck\u00fang ta x\u1eed t\u1ec7 v\u00f3i Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t k\u1edfi ck\u00fang ta coi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tku\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnk. Kki n\u00e0o ck\u00fang ta coi m\u00ecnk tku\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, ck\u00fang ta c\u00f3 tk\u1ec3 s\u1ebd k\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01b0 x\u1eed l\u1ea1i v\u00f3i t\u00ecnk y\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00ednk tr\u1ecdng. - A\u00ccJo Lcop\u00ecd - ck\u00fang ta kk\u00f4ng tk\u1eeba k\u1ebf Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, ck\u00fang ta m\u01b0\u1ee3n n\u00f3 t\u1eeb tk\u1ebf k\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. - Ng\u1ea1n ng\u1eef M \u1ef9 - ck\u00fang ta ck\u1eb3ng kao gi\u1edd ki\u1ec3u k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc cko \u0111\u1ebfn kki nk\u1eefng c\u00e1i gi\u1ebfng c\u1ea1n kk\u00f4. - Thomas Pu\u00ec\u00ecer - 128 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M","N g\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi KH\u00d4NG THU\u1ed0C L\u00c1 (Ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng N\u0103m, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 I\/\u00d4 c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0, nh\u1ed3i m\u00e1u c\u01a1 tim, b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh... \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y k \u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1. 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u00eda c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 N\u0103m 1987, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y 31\/5 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1 t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe do vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c h\u00fat \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1l v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lal kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe do thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u1ec2mh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. 2. C\u00e1c hoat \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi WHO khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 24 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c t\u00ed\u00eau th\u1ee5 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng thu\u1ebf thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1. T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 129","N H \u1eee N G \u0110 I\u1ec0U B\u1ea0N N \u00caN B I\u1ebeT V\u1ec0 t \u00e1 c h \u1ea1 i c \u1ee7 a THU\u1ed0C L\u00c1 \\\\\\\\ \u2022 Thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ebfu, x\u00ec g\u00e0, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 s\u1ee3\u00ed, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c. \u2022 Ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t Nicotin, Nicotin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf li\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 s\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu c\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1edbt m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i s\u1ebd g\u00e2y l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, li\u1ec1u cao s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u2022 M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c \/\u00e1 s\u1ea3n sinh ra 500 mililit kh\u00f3i, trong kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c \/\u00e1 ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 7.000 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 70 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0... Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y khi \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh, m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0: b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 (ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i, ung th\u01b0 v\u00f2m h\u1ecdng, ung th\u01b0 da, ung th\u01b0 thanh qu\u1ea3n...) c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh, nh\u1ed3i m\u00e1u c\u01a1 tim, x\u01a1 v\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch, lo\u00e3ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, lo\u00e9t d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, H\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n... \u2022 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c \/\u00e1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00ed kh\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. \u2022 Thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \/\u1ea3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra tr\u00ean 40.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec HIV\/AIDS, lao, tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng. 130 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M","N g\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ph \u00f2 ng ch\u1ed1ng LAO \u0110\u1ed8NG Tr\u1ebb em (Ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) \u201cT7\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ILO) \/ \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 15,5 tri\u1ec7u tr\u1ebb em tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m thu\u00ea gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c em g\u00e1i, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, nguy hi\u1ec3m. 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb em H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u tr\u1ebb em trai v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em g\u00e1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c t\u1ef1 do, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y, h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb em nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nguy hi\u1ec3m, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 hay c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee2p ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ma t\u00fay, m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u0169 trang. Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ch\u1ed1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ILO) \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002 \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vl to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb em c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 131","2. C\u00e1c hoat \u0111\u00f4ng k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 thi v\u1ebd tranh; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb em; di\u1ec5n k\u1ecbch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, m\u00edt tinh, t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quam \u0111\u1ebfn lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb em,... D A N H NG\u00d4N V\u1ec0 T R \u1eba EM Nh\u1eefn\u1ed5 \u00edi\u1ebfn\u1ed5 kh\u00f3c l\u1eb7n\u1ed5 l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a \u00edr\u1ebb Ih\u01a1 \u1ed5\u00e2y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1n \u00edh\u1ecanh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u1ed5\u01a1\u1eddl Ir\u01a1\u1edfn\u1ed5 Ih\u00e0nh. ' Elizabe(hBarredBrotvninil - \u1eef\u1ebb con c\u1ea7n \u00ed\u00ecnh y\u00eau Ih\u01b0\u01a1n\u1ed5, \u0111\u1eadc b\u00ed\u1ec7\u00ed c\u1ea3 kh\u00ed ch\u00fan\u1ed5 kh\u00f4n\u1ed5 x\u1ee9n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1n\u1ed5 \u0111tf\u1ee3c y\u00eau. Barold Hulbcr\u1ec9' 132 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M","NG\u00c0Y T\u1ecb n\u1ea1n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) r\u0129 n\u1ea1n l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n qua m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c, n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec3m nguy, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft b\u1edb b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u1edf ch\u1ed1n c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda do chi\u1ebfn tranh, xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro. \u0110\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c i\/\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y T\u1ecb n\u1ea1n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 1. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u00eda ng\u00e0y T\u1ecb nan th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2000, ng\u00e0y t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o 20 th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u h\u1ec1mg n\u0103m. Ng\u00e0y 04 th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m 2000, \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2001, ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y T\u1ecb n\u1ea1n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 50 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 v\u1eca th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n, n\u0103m 1951. Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c cho bi\u1ebft, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u Phi (OAU) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ecb n\u1ea1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf tr\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0y T\u1ecb n\u1ea1n ch\u00e2u Phi. 2. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m H\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y T\u1ecb n\u1ea1n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Cao \u1ee7y Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n (UNHCR) xu\u1ea5t b\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea3n c\u01b0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda do chi\u1ebfn tranh, xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng h\u1ecdp b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c, tr\u1eadn thi \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ec3 thao t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n nh\u1ec1hn gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n... T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 133","NH\u1eeeNG \u0110I\u1ec0U B\u1ea0N C\u1ea6N BI\u1ebeT V\u1ec0 n g \u01b0 \u1edd i t \u1ecb n \u1ea1 n - H\u01a1n 60 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb Syria t\u1edbi Nam Sudan v\u00e0 Af- ghanistan \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu t\u1eadp trung \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c trong n\u0103m 2014. Theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c, tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee9 122 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda. - Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Palestine; \u0111a s\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f2ng 100km quanh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Israel. - K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 912015,2005 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng. - \u1edf Lebanon^, c\u1ee9 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n. - S\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n di c\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng 300% trong v\u00f2ng 3 th\u00e1ng, 12% trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai. - Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, t\u1ecb d\u1eb1n ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ee7, b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m c\u00fam, m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t. M\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n hi v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111i xin t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u1ea4u gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch b\u0103ng qua \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xu\u1ed3ng cao su th\u00f4ng qua d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb bu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 7. T\u1ee9c C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Lib\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1eb1m \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa Isaren v\u00e0 Xiry. 134 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M","Ng\u00e0y Q y\u1ed1c T\u1ebe PH\u00d2NG CH\u1ed0NG MAT\u00daY (Ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u, D\u01b0\u0111ng l\u1ecbch) \u1eca \u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ma t\u00fay b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p g\u00e2y L h \u1ead u qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u1ea3n b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1m dung ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n b\u1ea5t h\u1ee2p ph\u00e1p Ng\u00e0y 26\/6\/1988, t\u1ea1ii tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ee7y ban qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ma t\u00fay \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c m\u00edt tinh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong h\u01a1n 2 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng ma t\u00fay. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y 26\/6 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m \\\"Ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n b\u1ea5t h\u1ee2p ph\u00e1p\u201d. 2. C\u00e1c hoat \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m H\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ma t\u00fay. T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 135","T\u1ea1\u0169 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 93\/2001\/Q\u0110-TTg ng\u00e0y 13\/6\/2001 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00e1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng ma t\u00fay\u201d v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 26\/6 l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u00e0y to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng ma t\u00fay\u201d nh\u1eb1m n\u1ec1hig cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n ma t\u00fay \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ec1\u01b0n gi\u1ea3m t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n ma t\u00fay trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. I NH\u1eeeNG CON S\u00d4 B\u00c1O \u0110\u00d4NG I I V\u1ec0T\u00ccNH TR\u1ea0NG L\u1ea0M D\u1ee4NG MA T\u00daY I I\u25a0\u1ecb B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a UNODC\u00ae cho hay to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 172 \u0111\u1ebfn Ip 1 250 tri\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng s\u1eed dung ma t\u00fay tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p \u00edt nh\u1ea5t I ... .! .... ....% m\u00f4t l\u1ea7n trong n\u0103m. I1 \u1ecb - s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7n ma t\u00fay kinh ni\u00ean, UNODC \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u1ecb I v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 18\u0111\u1ec1n 38 tri\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u1ecb II .\u25a0 I I - H\u0103ng n\u0103m c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 200.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e8t v\u00ec ma t\u00fay. p 8. UNODC: C\u01a1 quan ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng Ma hiy v\u00e0 T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c. 136 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M","- Ma t\u00fay g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n n\u1eb7ng, h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, l\u00e0m cho th\u1ea7n kinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7n b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i. D\u00f9ng ma t\u00fay qu\u00e1 li\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. - Ti\u00eam ch\u00edch ma t\u00fay d\u00f9ng chung b\u01a1m kim ti\u00eam kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m vi\u00eam gan virut B, c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 HIV (d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft). - Nghi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n may t\u00fay g\u00e2y tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n h\u00e0nh vi, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3, d\u1ec5 vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. - M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. - M\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng tin v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u00ec d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. - Ma t\u00fay c\u00f2n g\u00e2y t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho con c\u00e1i, n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng: c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ma t\u00fay \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hoocmon sinh s\u1ea3n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c giao t\u1eed, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c gien \u0111\u1ed9c c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi suy y\u1ebfu n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng. - L\u00e0m ti\u00eau hao ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. - G\u00e2y m\u1ea5t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: L\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m... T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 137","NG\u00c0Y D\u00c2N S\u1ed0 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gu\u00e1 nhanh, l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea5n s\u1ed1, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 guy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5y m \u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u00e0y D\u00e1n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi V\u00e0o l\u00fac 6h35 (gi\u1edd Anh) ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y n\u0103m 1987, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u00f2n 5 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u00e9 Matej Ga\u0103par, c\u1eadu b\u00e9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam T\u01b0 sinh ra t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Zagreb. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t, Qu\u1ef9 D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c (UNPPA) t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 H\u00e0 Lan v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1989, \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 5 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi - l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 11\/7 l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1 d\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng qu\u00e1 nhanh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u01b0: quy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, \u0111\u1ee7 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, nh\u00e0 \u1edf, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe... Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang trong h\u00e0nh vi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n tr\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o m\u00f4l tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i. 138 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M","2. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m H\u1eb1ng n\u0103m, nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Qu\u1ef9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft mang t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ra s\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. l\/\u00a3 D\u00c2N S\u00d4 TH\u00ca GI\u1edaI HI\u1ec6N NAY Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u201c Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: B\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u0103m 2015\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 29\/7, d\u1ea5n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd t\u0103ng t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 7,3 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00ean 8,5 t\u1ec9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 9,7 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050 v\u00e0 11,2 t\u1ec9 trong n\u0103m 2100. H \u1ead u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3 i d\u1eb1n s\u1ed1 \/\u00e0 g\u00ec? D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng nhanh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 chi\u1ebfn tranh, t\u0103ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m,...), thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng do s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng, thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t gia t\u0103ng, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p gia t\u0103ng, t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng d\u1eb1n s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 nhanh lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 139","Ng\u00e0y Q y\u00f4c T\u1ebe H\u00d2A B\u00ccNH (Ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng Ch\u00edn, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) Chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u0169 trang \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gu\u1ed1c gia ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng, l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ec1mh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u, l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o t\u00ecnh anh em kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1, m\u00e0 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c...\u201d. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1981, v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9\/1982. T\u1edbi n\u0103m 2002, \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y 21\/9 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. K\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c mong mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch to\u00e0n nhcUi lo\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng h\u00e8mh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee2p t\u00e1c v\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. 2. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m Ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m 140 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeTTRONG N\u0102M","ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c vang l\u00ean trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c. Chu\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c \u0111\u00fac t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n kim lo\u1ea1i quy\u00ean g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ch\u00e2u Ph\u1ec9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a \u201cHi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c\u201d Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c coi nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n nh\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng cho chi\u1ebfn tranh\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang ph\u00f9 hi\u1ec7u Chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, do m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Canada s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c, di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n, l\u1ec5 th\u1ea3 chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u - bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee2ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh... B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng ng\u00e0y H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1eafp l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u1ebfn, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i suy t\u01b0 trong im l\u1eb7ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ng\u1eebng b\u1eafn, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. D ANH NG\u00d4N V\u1ec0 H\u00d2A B \u00cc N H *** H\u00f2a L\u00ecnk l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c k\u1ea1nk c\u1ee7a nk\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, cki\u1ebfn trank l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c. - Victor Hugo - B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tk\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u00f2a k\u00ecnk tk\u1ebf gi\u1edbi? H\u00e3y v\u1ec1 nk\u00e0 v\u00e0 y\u00eau tk\u01b0\u01a1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnk c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnk. - M\u1eb9 Teresa - Kk\u00f4ng kao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 cki\u1ebfn trank t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u0169ng nk\u01b0 k\u00f2a k\u00ecnk x\u1ea5u xa. - Ben\u1ecbamin Pranklm - T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 141","NG\u00c0Y L\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ef0C TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI (Ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng no \u0111\u1ee7, trong khi ^ J b \u1ea1 n \u0111ang n\u00e9m \u0111i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u1edf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft v\u00ec suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ng\u00e0y L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cam k\u1ebft x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0m 1945 v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m. Ng\u00e0y L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u1edf h\u01a1n 150 qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3i, v\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee2p l\u00fd l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. 2. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ec9 ni\u00eam T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1981, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ng\u00e0y L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m chung. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1982 - Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft; 1989 - Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; 1999 - Tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i; 2010 - \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i; 2015 - An sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: Ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 v\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o,... 142 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeTTRONG N\u0102M","T\u1ea1i M\u0129, ng\u00e0y L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00eci\u1ef1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1981, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c d\u00e0nh cho ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 450 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee2. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u0169ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp b\u00e1o, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7ng nh\u01b0 tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p... N H \u1eee N G \u0110 I\u1ec0U B\u1ea0N C\u1ea6N B I\u1ebeT M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00fang ta s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5. H\u01a1n 1 t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eeb trang tr\u1ea1i t\u1edbi b\u00e0n \u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Trong n\u0103m 2007 v\u00e0 2008, s\u1ef1 leo thang b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m rung chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf 20 gu\u1ed1c gia. L\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra ch\u00fang. Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed C02 do l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u00e0 3.3 t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n - l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 2 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 xe t\u1ea3i \u1edf M\u0129. T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 143","N g\u00e0y Khoan d u n g Q y\u1ed1c T\u1ebe (Ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) \u201c nrong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t \/ nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eefng t\u00fac nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khoan dung. X\u00e9t tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, m \u1ed7i ng\u00e0y x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 khoan dung, l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u x\u1ea3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y Khoan dung qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Ng\u00e0y 16\/11\/1995, UNESCO \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua Ng\u00e0y Khoan dung qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (Internationail Day of Tolerance) v\u1edbi ch\u1eef k\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a 185 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ec1\u01b0ih vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 28. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u1edfi khoan dung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu khoan dung \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf t\u00f9y t\u1eebng n\u01a1i. Thi\u1ebfu khoan dung l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t, th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u00f9 h\u1eb1n, nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed. 1 4 4 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M","C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, l\u00f2ng khoan dung ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n nay, n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. 2. C\u00e1c hoat \u0111\u00f4ng k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed V\u1edaI nhau khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 tha th\u1ee9 cho nhau nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Vvv vvvv vyyvvv vy y D A N H NG\u00d4N V\u1ec0 s\u1ef1 \u00a5\u00a5 KHOAN DUNG \u00a5 \u00a5 \u00a5 \u00a5 \u00a5\u00a5 \u00a5 Helen Kel\u00ece: \u00a5 \u00a5 \u00a5 \u00a5 ^ L\u00f2ng kkoan dung tr\u1edf tk\u00e0nk t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i kki d\u00e0nk cko \u00a5 \u00a5\u00a5 ^ c\u00e1i \u00e1c. \u00a5 \u00a5 \u00a5\u00a5 The 'Mann \u00a5 \u00a5\u00a5 K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cao nk\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kkoan dung. \u00a5 \u00a5\u00a5 - Helen Keller - \u00a5 \u00a5\u00a5 *** V v y y yyy V\u00a5VvvV y y S\u1ef1 kkoan dung l\u00e0 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 l\u1edbn nk\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ^ k\u1ed3n; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i k\u1ecfi n\u1ed7i l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u0169ng nki\u1ec1u k\u01b0 kki k\u1ea1n pk\u1ea3i gi\u1eef tTk\u00ccM\u0103nHgI\u1ec2Uk\u1eb1Cn\u00c1gC NkGk\u00c0iY\u0111L\u1ec4i Tx\u1ebeeT\u0111TR\u1ea1OpN. G N\u0102M * 145","NG\u00c0Y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi T\u01af\u1edeNG NI\u1ec6M N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n TAI N\u1ea0N G\u00ccaO th\u00f4ng \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG B\u1ed8 (Ng\u00e0yCh\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m) \u201cT ^ i n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do n\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra I \u0111ang l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i lo v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c x\u00fac c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 sinh m\u1ea1ng, thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng i\/\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, i\/\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u1ed7i \u0111au th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, tinh th\u1ea7n dai d\u1eb3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do v\u00ec sao c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u00e3n v\u0103n nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5n tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9. 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u00eda ng\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u00eam n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n tai nan giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00f4. N\u0103m 1993, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 (Road Peace) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng \u201cNg\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9\u201d. Ng\u00e0y 27\/10\/2005, \u0110\u1ea1l H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y Ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n g\u1ec9ao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n t\u1eed vong v\u00ec tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng) tr\u00ean to\u00e8m c\u1ea7u. 146 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M","Ng\u00e0y k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chung to\u1ec1m c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3l thi\u1ec7n cUi to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u1ee7ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eb1m thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf do tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra, t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 vinh danh c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee2. 2. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Ncim, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1ee7y ban An to\u00e0n Giao th\u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 19\/11\/2012 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2013 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o x\u00e2 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng, ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u si\u00eau cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t. T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeTTRONG N\u0102M * 147","NH\u1eeeNG \u0110I\u00caU B\u1ea0N C\u00c2N BI\u00caT V\u1ec0 TAI N\u1ea0N GIAO TH\u00d4NG \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG B\u1ed8 NGUY\u00caN NH\u00c2N C\u1ee6A TAI N\u1ea0N GIAO TH\u00d4NG + \u1ef6th\u1ee9c tham gia giao th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea5n c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 giao th\u00f4ng (l\u1ea1ng l\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00f5ng, v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ecf, coi th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ...). + Thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh an to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng (l\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9m \u1ed1c v\u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.. + S\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p, xe c\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n...). \u2022 H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng: + Tham gia h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp lu\u1eadt giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, n\u1eafm v\u0169ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng. + Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng: kh\u00f4ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u bia, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1ng l\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00f5ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i xe m\u00e1y khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111i \u0111\u00fang ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, khi r\u1ebd ngang hay d\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i quan s\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau bi\u1ebft, \u0111i ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn khi qua ng\u00e3 t\u01b0, qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh,... + Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n Lu\u1eadt Giao th\u00f4ng: Trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n xung k\u00edch v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt Giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tham gia c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i thanh ni\u00ean t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng... 148 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M","Ng\u00e0y Q y \u1ed1 c T\u1ebe LO\u1ea0I B\u1ecf B\u1ea0O L\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ed1i V\u1edaI Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eed (Ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch) Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft: M\u1ed9t n\u1eeda th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \/\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1o t\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 trong n\u0103m, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi coi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 25\/11 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. 1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf loai b\u1ecf bao l\u01b0c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi phu n\u1eef Ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1960, ba ch\u1ecb em nh\u00e0 Mirabal g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 Patria, Minerva v\u00e0 Maria Teresa Mirabal l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00fd c\u00f4 t\u1ea1i Dominica - nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Ra\u00edael Leonidas Trujillo gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n xe. Sau khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Rafael Leonidas Trujillo s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, t\u1ea1i C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Dominica, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m nh\u00e0 Mira- bal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c x\u01b0ng danh l\u00e0 n\u1eef anh h\u00f9ng qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y 25\/11 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf x\u00f3a b\u1ecf b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m mang t\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n n\u00e2ng cao \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u00ean to\u1ec1m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M * 149","N\u1ea1n b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef g\u00e2y n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, g\u00e2y h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, t\u00e2m l\u00ed cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1ea1i kh\u1eafp n\u0103m ch\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, m\u00e0u da, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea5u tranh x\u00f3a b\u1ecf b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. 2. C\u00e1c hoat \u0111\u00f4ng k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m Trong ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c m\u00edt tinh, t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m, h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee2c di\u1ec5n ra nh\u1eb1m tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho phong tr\u00e0o n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi, di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1,... c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. DANH NG\u00d4N V\u1ec0 B\u1ea0O L \u1ef1 c H \u1ead n tk \u00f9 v\u00e0 k \u1ea1o l\u1ef1c k k \u00f4ng tk \u1ec3 ck\u1ec9 \u1edf tro n g m \u1ed9 t p k \u1ea7 n c\u1ee7 a tk \u1ebf gi\u00f3d. m \u00e0 kk\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nk k\u01b0cmg l\u00ean pk\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. - Eleanor Roosevelt - L u \u1eadt l\u1ec7 kk\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng k\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng k\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. - Mahatma Gan\u1ea7ki- T \u00f4i pk\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i k\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00ec kki n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnk l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u tki\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u tk i\u1ec7n ck\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m tk\u00f2i; c\u00e1i \u00e1c n\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra l\u00e0 v\u0129nk vi\u1ec5n. - Makatma Gan\u1eaf\u1ec9\u0129i - 150 * T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U C\u00c1C NG\u00c0Y L\u1ec4 T\u1ebeT TRONG N\u0102M"]
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