အရုဏ်ဦးခရီးသည် ၂ (မကြည်လေး)

(u,dk wf idk af &; twKˆ yw` )dW 'kwd,ykdif; &JabmfaiG (r=unfav;)

&aJ bmaf iG (rjunfav:) t&k%fOD;c&D;onf (u,dk wf idk af &;twˆKyw` )dW 'kwd,ykdif; ESif;qDvGifjyif pmayu xkwfa0onf? 2007 ckESpf Zlvkdifv

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t±%k Of ;D c&;D onf yxryidk ;f rS tq;kH ow-f ar;G rcd iZf mwvf r;f jzpaf y:vm&whJ ta=umi;f &i;f u 'vD ydk g? [wdk csed f qAdk ,D u,f el ,D H ueG jfrLepyf gwD (abmvf &f ADS p)f C.P.SU(B)xrJ mS &aJ bmf (ueG jfrLep)f rsm;udk acgi;f aqmi}fu;D pwmviuf 'vD ydk nmay;czhJ ;l w,?f pwmviuf oal &;cwhJ hJ qAdk D ,u,f el ,D H ueG jfrLepyf gwD (abmvf &f ADS p)f oridk ;f &@J e*d ;kH csKyrf mS acgr'¾m&rD mS ygwhJ tewf ;D &m;(p)f e@J [musLvtD a=umi;f udk a&;cwhJ ,?f oul ''D ¾m&uD dk u;dk um;+y;D “tewf ;D &m;(p)f vdk rjzp&f avatmif ueG jfrLepaf w[G m rcd iaf jr}u;D e@Jwwl hJ vxl ek @J b,f awmrh S rui;f umG &b;l ? vxl ek @Jui;f umG &if tewf ;D &m;(p)f vydk J ±;kH_ vrd rhf ,”f v@dk owad y;cwhJ ,?f ynmay;cyhJ gw,?f 'gudk tajccH jrerf mrj_yK+y;D Zmwf ne¸ ;f wck a&;vudk af wmæh ar;G rcd if (qrdk [l eof bi)f qwdk hJ Zmwnf e¸ ;f wck ay:vm cwhJ ,?f Zmwvf r;f uawmh 'vD ydk g? '¾m&tD ce;f æ Zmwvf r;f payw,(f tziG ohf cD si;f ) » » »(u|eaf wmf =um;z;l cwhJ hJ '¾m&0D ,/f w@dk&aJ bmrf sm; ord wS f apz,G f » Oyrmuav;eJ@ owday;csifygw,f)2 (b,folrqkduG,fæ ckdif+rJ pGmvnf; wnwf zhH @dk&,f » a&@Sa&;rmS vn;f atmi=f uz@dkwu,f »traDS umi;f wcak wmh vadk yr,/f treDS @Jui;f &if ysu,f iG ;f Eidk wf ,)f 2 » a&;S tcgu yjkHyiwf y0kH ,f » rcd ief @J ui;f cvhJ @dk&,f » ysupf ;D ,,dk iG ;f &whJ » ri;f om;wyg;&@J oem;p&m tajcuudk ,G f » » » (wcak om ausmuaf qmiwf e;f e@J aomiuf r;f ajc0,)f 2 yivf ,vf id_ ;f aw»G qdwf+idrfum&,fæ om,m=unfEl; &$ifjrL; zG,fæ 'Dvkdtcsdef» uav;æ0,f/ '¾m&tD ce;f Zmwvf r;f æ p, ayw,æf ? 5

('gudk w;D 0idk ;f u qadk y;ygw,)f ? tce;f (1) æ æ æ awmifwef;awGeJ@ yifv,fjymteD; awm&dyfndKwckrSm yef;aygif;pHkwJh +rKdi&f *tkH wiG ;f E,G 'f e;f av;wctk ay:rmS ocD si;f qdk nn;f aewhJ ewof r;D av;wyg; &cdS whJ ,?f » » » (aovmajr brk edR e;f 0,f » » cr;f em;vwS hJ bek ;f uoH rmB E,G f æ o@dkayr,uhf ,G f ye;f pyH ,if okH @dkE,S f yeqf iof ul dk apmiahf r#muf mæ ai; » aq;G rwd ,)f 2 av,wl rd ;f &if ,rfd ;f E@JGcsiwf ,/f z;l pm&iS &f ,f » ay:vmcwJ ,f » ar#myf gvn;f u,G f azmrf ygbeJ @Jæ yiwf idk jfriehf e;f æ 0,æf u|r;f aºuvak yguh ,G æf a'0yD sKd ewrf sKd ;E,G f »»» bk&m;jrwfeJ@» od=um;ewfawGukdom&,f » wkdifwnfum av#mu=fum;csiwf ,æf cspwf ohJ l vmygawmæh armiæf &,?f 'tD csed rf mS ewof m;av;wyg; a&muvf m+y;D ocD si;f oaH v;udk EpS of uf jrwEf ;dk pmG em;axmiaf ecwhJ ,/f ocD si;f oaH v;vn;f q;kH a&mæ æ ewof m;av;u ceG ;f w@Hkjyevf ,S f ocD si;f qjdkyewf ,?f » » » (oæl Zmæ E,G æf veG af =um&h iS ;f w,/f 0i;f 0i;f yy v&S uwf ohJ &l ,f cithf rnaf v;udk ocd siyf gvwS ,f » a&a&vnvf nf ajym pr;f ygvm;æ veS wrf ,§f veS wof uxf m;r,)f 2 » a&puaf [mi;f &,f aygi;f =uz@dk zewf ,f » z;l pm&iS f &,f jrijf riuf wn;f u,G æf b0itf o0J ,f æ ciuhf odk mpvJG @dk » 'aD rmi}f uKH &w,æf csprf +dytD v&S ,æf q,uf rmB widk f &nrf eS ;f &,G ?f » » »(armithf ouuf kd tyyf g&ap » a'0ED ,G f =unjfzL&if ciohf abm treS wf u,æf voS uvf ,æf csppf um; jyeyf gwu,)f 2 ocD si;f tq;kH rmS ewof r;D av;&@J yc;Hk udk tomt,m uikd vf udk af wm-h (ewof r;D )- (tvædk b,of vl J » tozJ zdk ,G æf bek ;f u&H iS &f ,æf Zmwrd sKd ;±;dk e@J wecf ;dk owi;f udk vi;f awmrf ul ,G æf ysKd awmi;f yewf ,)f 2 » » » (ewfom;)- (armifhukdqkdovm;æ xdyfxm;ysdK&,fæ jrpfacsmif;tif;tkdifæ or'k &N mreS æf or#0,æf p;dk pyH idk of whJ a&ewof m;æ reS af yw,)f 2 6

(ewforD;)- (armifawmf a&ewfom;&,f/ ysdKwyg;rodvkd@ ar;csifygw,f? tcspuf ,dk pkH m;æ aemirf sm;rmS æ p;dk &rd pf &m&,f red ;f rom;r@dkæ pwd f - tm; - awmf - i,æf ) (ewof m;)- (pwd cf sygu,G f - ciuf v&JG iæf zqJG euf wJG r# » armiuf xiyf gw,/f armifhtaoG;&,fæ armifhtom;&,fæ armifh toJ&,fæ armifhESvHk;&,f/ to;kH jyKz@dkæ v&dk mudk ,æl u,G )f 2 (ewof m;)- (v-S a'-0-D E,G »f » armiaf wmpf &H mee;f æ udk - vrS ;f p@dktwyl æJ atmf » jre;f p@dktw-l yæJ ,ykH gar-&,æf qxuf w;dk v@dk xr;f y;kd cspyf gæh r,f » » ») (ewof r;D ) (vrS ;f -vrS ;f -ygæh armi-f &,æf aemuaf wmxf yH g;uæ z0g;r#rcmG bæJ omG ;=u&m-r,æf ,,kH =kHun=funæf armiaf wmjfrwuf ædk u,dk vf ;kH ty-f yg-h r,»f » »)2 (ewof m;)- csp-f cspZf e;D æ cspZf e;D æ csppf e;D av;&,f æ c&;D u tveG f =ur;f æ w,æf » cspZf e;D æ ±r_ +i;D æ cspZf e;D av;æ &,æf c&;D u » tveG f =ur;f æ w,f » » (ewforD;)- (tjrifpcef;æ tpOfvSrf;æ ryifyef;vSw,fæ vSrf;- ygh- armif b&k m;&,f » »)2 (ewfom;)- c&D;-ra0;æ teD;av;æ c&D;ra0;awmhw,fæ ( ac|;pkd@&ifæ æ armiaf wmæf cs-D yg-h r,æf )2 (ewof r;D )- (on;f cyH gæ armiaf wmbf &k m;æ &,æf ErS awmæf omG ;z@dk0ef r av; æw,f » » »)2 (ewof m;)- ee;f awm-f }u;D -uædk a&muvf +k yuD @JG 'aD rmithf cspOf ;D æ rypbf ;l æ ri;f ,ækH æ æu,G f » ee;f awm}fu;D udk æ a&muvf m+yuD @JG » 'aD rmihf -tcspOf ;D æ rypbf ;l æ ri;f ,ukH ,G f » tce;f (2) Zmw0f icf e;f rmS ajrewof r;D e@J a&ewof m;w@dk EpS yf g; arwmW w@kHv,S f ae =uwyhJ ekH @J EpS &f nS vf anmi;f vmwthJ cg om;awmwf yg; zmG ;jricf whJ ,?f rbd EpS yf g;u om;awmuf av;udk t&yd wf =un=hfunehf @J cspjfrwEf ;dk c=hJuw,?f t&,G af &muvf mwhJ tcg om;awmfav;ukd “ork'N&bkrRm”vkd@ trnfawmfay;+yD;“om;awmf 7

&eof el @Jaw@G&if r,af wmuf odk m w˜vudk yf g? b,vf dk &eof rl sKd ;urdk qdk Eidk af tmif r,af wmf unl rD ,”f v@dk rmS =um;&mS w,?f (atmuyf g ocD si;f udk w;D 0idk ;f u qadk y;ygw,?f ) » »(EpS yf g;wpl ækH armirf ,f arwmW r;dk awG +zKd ;a0q0J ,æf EpS af wG vawG =umanmi;f v@dk&,f » om;wa,muuf dk » zmG ;ajrmuuf m » rsupf ad tmuuf » taysmufawmh rcHEkdifæ w,f)2» (tcsdefwef t&G,f a&mufvkd@» vlvm; ajrmuvf mjyef &iuf ,G f » or'k &N brk mR » trnf awmaf y;v@dk» csp&f iaf o;G udk av;pm;&Smw,f)2»&efrsdK;[lor# rdcifulr,f » ta&;}uHK&if» r,fawmfukd w˜vukd yf gawmæh vma&muzf @dk&m uwd pum;udk » red @f=um; jyeaf yw,?f tce;f (3) (om;awm)f -(wu,pf rG ;f &nf » tmZmenf » &mS r&S mS ;awmoh nf » zcrn;f awmæf r,af wmaf wæG a&ajrtp;dk & awmoh n»f zmG ;jriaf jrmucf g » t&,G af wmf a&mucf +hJyD » a,musfm;reS &f itf wnæf Avdk rf xm;csijf yef » onf » tm;tipf rG ;f &nf » o&l owcdW si;f rawmh » jyKd ipf r;f csiof nf » qidk pf r;f csiof nf » jrwrf ,af wmf » tultnD&vkd@ » rkcsatmifEkdifrnf » a[h » ork'N&bkrRm twnf» » ausm=fum;v@dkom » &ewf umudk +zKd » Eidk of n)f 2 (e*g;)-» » »(&,pf &mæ 'pD um;udk » r=um;0ohH iyhf gawmoh nf » &ewf umudk +zKd ciG ;f r,æhf e*g;ri;f om;æ igreS of n)f 2 wcswD yJG » E=J$uz@dk » toJ csi;f ayguf rv@dk» igvmonf » aw@Gor#udk Avdk rf xm;+y»D &eof rl eS &f if » ,OS &f e»f xuG cf hJ twnæf om;awmef @Je*g;ppwf udk cf e;f (om;awm)f -(o,æf igvh vdk l » wEl idk ±f ;dk vm;æ a,musfm; Zmen»f prG ;f tm; jyawmæh rnf (e*g;)-[,f æ avmurmS » Avdk rf xm;+yD » igth prG ;f uodk m æ rck so&d rn)f 2 (om;awm)f -(a[m'vD ædk uidk uf m»uidk uf m» vuef @J &r;f v@dk » tprG ;f oad prnf (e*g;)-'gavmurf sm;awmh » &,cf siyf gonæf owxd m;yg » ºum;whJ » vyl v)D 2 (om;awm)f -uidk ;f » 'vD qdk dk » cEH idk ±f ;dk vm; » omG ;a&mæh [mæ csmcsm vnaf prnf 8

om;awmef @J e*g;ppwf ukd =fuawmh tm;csi;f wrl #ae+y;D / t±;H_ tEidk f r&jdSzpf aew,?f 'ga=umihf r,af wmuf dk w˜vufdk f w,?f (om;awm)f -» » r,af wmæf (rcd iaf jrewof r;D &,f ºua&mucf yhJ g æ tcsed rf )D 2 » » » om;awmaf rmif » prG ;f &nuf odk m » tutl nD » ay;v@dk » crk aE;S » r˜ygtwnf » e*g;æ &euf dk +zKd Eidk zf @dk&m» }uKH vmygawmoh n?f (r;D awmu}fu;D xrJ S r,af wmºfua&muvf map)? (r,af wm)f -(r,af wmf ajrewof r;D u » om;}u;D twuG uf dk » unl D » tm;awG » tprG ;f awG » qiaf jymiqf ,pf ;D ru » wu,jfyn0hf aprn)f 2 » tv&dk odS r# » cGeftm;pnf» om;awmfarmif » tEkdif&zkd@ » rkcsyJ » rvGJawmhonf » r,f awmaf &muvf mygaygth wnf » om;awmaf rmif » &eaf tmiaf =umi;f udk » r,af wmf » apmirf , rnf » (r,af wmf jyeºfuomG ;ap)? om;awmef @Je*g;jyevf npf pwf ufdk cf e;f (om;awm)f -(o,æf igvh vdk l » wEl idk ±f ;dk vm; » a,musfm;Zmenf » prG ;f tm; jyawmrh nf (e*g;)-[,æf avmurmS » Avdk rf xm;+yD » igth prG ;f uodk m » rck so&d rn)f 2 (om;awm)f -(a[m'vD dk » uidk uf muidk uf m » vuef @J&r;f v@dk » tprG ;f oad prnf (e*g;)-'gavmurf sm;awmh » &,cf siyf gonf » owod mxm;yg » ºum;whJ vyl v)D 2 (om;awm)f -uidk ;f » 'vD qdk dk cEH idk ±f ;dk vm; » omG ;a&m[h m » csmcsmvnaf prnf » » » (e*g;udk uikd af yguvf udk vf @dk yivf ,xf oJ @dk usomG ;ap)? (om;awm)f -(rdcif0okef Tajr}uD;[m ausZl;}uD;vSygayonf &efwumukd +zKd umciG ;f &iS ;f Eidk cf +hJy/D a,musfm;Zmenf » urmB wvm$ ; &mS r&S mS ; wu,cf eG f tm;pn)f 2 or'k &N brk mR wa,muwf n;f tm;rmetf jynehf @J ºum;v@dkaepOrf mS yJ &eof l awmbf vD ;l a&muvf mygw,?f 9

(bvD ;l )-TurmB wvm$ ;rmS ceG tf m;csi;f ,OS +fyKdicf &hJ if rck syif usKyuf Eidk af yrnf æ +yKdicf siof nf (om;awm)f -([,f - bvD ;l æ &,f ei±f ;l rsm; aeovm; twnf omG ;pr;f yg a0;&m [Xdk meæD a&mS iyf gtwn)f 2 (bvD ;l )-(uidk ;f - 'gjzi&hf if ped vf udk pf r;f yg ctk prG ;f jyrnf (om;awm)f -pr;f csif pr;f yg igth prG ;f udk ri;f t=hHoaprn)f 2 (bvD ;l )-(ºum;vvS @dk » » rccH siyf gonf (om;awm)f -pum;rrsm;e@J » EcHS siyf gon)f 2 (bvD ;l )-(ri;f touuf dk rEaS jrmæ &ijfzihf oabmtwidk ;f y crk qidk ;f yif +yKd irf nf (om;awm)f - » » igvh vdk æl urmB wvm$ ;rmS æ &mS ;on/f a,musfm;w@dkZJG cyk J tEidk ,f rl n)f 2 om;awmef @J bvD ;l ppwf udk cf e;f or'k &N brk mR e@J bvD ;l ppwf ufdk =fuawmh tm;csi;f wrl #aew,?f tEidk tf ±;H_ r&dS jzpaf eygw,?f 'ga=umihf r,af wmuf dk w, vudk yf gw,?f (om;awm)f - » » r,af wmf æ (rcd if ajrewof r;D &,f ºua&mucf yhJ g tcsed rf )D 2 » » » om;awmaf rmif ———— ————— ckraES; r, ygtwnf/ bDvl;&efukd ———————— }uKHvmygawmonf » » » (r;D awmu}fu;D twiG ;f rS r,af wmaf y:vmap)? (r,af wm)f -» »( r,af wmf ajrewof r;D u om;}u;D twuG uf dk unl D ————— —)2 r,fawmfa&mufvm ygayghtwnf/ om;awmfarmif ———— r,af wmaf pmirf rn/f (r,af wmf jyeºfuomG ;ap)? or'k &N brk mR e@J bvD ;l jyevf npf pwf udk cf e;f (om;awm)f -» »(o,f æigvh vdk l wEk idk ±f ;dk vm; a,musfm; ———————— prG ;f tm;jyawmrh n/f (bvD ;l )-» » [,æf avmurmS Avdk rf xm; +yD —————————-igth prG ;f uodk m rck s o&d rn)f 2 10

(om;awm)f -(a[m'vD dk uidk uf m uidk uf m ——————— tprG ;f oad prnf (bvD ;l )-'gavmurf sm;awmh &,cf siyf gonf ——————ºum;wvhJ yl v)D 2 (om;awmf)-ukdif;'Dvkdqkd cHEkdif±kd;vm; oGm;a&mh[m ———— ——csmcsm vnaf prn?f bDvl;ukd ukdifaygufypfvkduf+yD; ppfEkdifvkdufwJhork'N&bkrRm[m rdcif&J@ prG ;f tm; a=umihf rrd td Eidk &f wmudk arah vsm+hy;D u,dk uhf ,dk uf ,dk f txi}fu;D omG ;w,?f 'wD }urd f &eof el @J wudk &f if r,af wmuf dk w, p&mrvadk wmvh @dk xirf wS +fy;D wO;D wn;f ºum;0gv@dk aeygw,?f (om;awm)f -» »(tm;csi;f +yKd i&f if b,of el @Jrqdk usKyuf Eidk &f rn?f or'k N ,brk mR awZmwecf ;dk [;dk [;dk ausmcf +hJy?D e*g;e@J bvD ;l udk » » tx;l yif » » atmijfrivf mc+hJy)D 2 (vu±f ;kH &nf rwaxmif waumibf mG ;r@dk a,musfm;y/D a=omf - owdW vuf±Hk;&nf rwaxmif waumifbGm;rkd@ a,mufsm;yD xl;wJh ighpGrf;&nf » tutl naD wG rvbdk ;l peG @fawmrh n)f 2 » » r,af wmaf '0D tutl nD ay;awmif aoaG &mS if &mS ; awmrh n?f ig[æhJ a,musmf ; ceG tf m;a0a0pn?f t'J tD csed wf ek ;f u tirf wef titf m;}u;D rm;whJ [wAdÎ v([musLv)D qwdk hJ ri;f om;wyg;vn;f &cdS whJ ,?f [wdÎ Av[m or'k &N brk mR ri;f om;&@J csnehf @Jcsuuf dk avh vm o&d xdS m;w,?f or'k &N brk mR e@J [wAdÎ v ppwf udk cf e;f ([wAdÎ v) » » (ork'N&bkrRm zefvmwhtJ a&; æ rif; uHZmwm arS;+yDvkd@æ aw;G rod vmm;twnf æ a=omf æ ar;csivf oS n?f (or'k ,N brk mR ) » » wbuof m;æ tay: rmS æ armuf mºum;v@dk&,æf ri;f apmf um;v@dk tºum;ryodk ihf +y/D pum;rqodk i+hfyD )2 ([wÎdAv) (rdciftm;eJ@ ºum;vkd@ aejyefonf » » rifhta=umif;ukd aumif; aumi;f ocd +hJy)D 2 (» a[m'0D oek æf T ajr}u;D e@J ui;f umG aeqrJ @dk [wdÎ Avu owjdWycsiof nf » Tajr}u;D e@J ui;f umG ap+y;D awmh [wAdÎ vu owjdWy csiof n)f 2 [wÎdAv[m ork'N&bkrRmeJ@ ppfxkd;&if; tiftm;csnfheJ@aewJh or'k &N brk mR udk tEidk wf udk f uidk af yguuf m yivf ,jfyif xuJ dk vi$ chf svudk yf gawmwh ,?f 11

tce;f (4) ar;G rcd if Zmwvf r;f tq;kH » » »(aomwqifæ acgryHkjyif Oyrmwifæ wkd@&Jabmfrsm;awGæ owad y;v@dkom E;dk aqmyf gonæf tpOæf aoaocsmcsm Zmwuf uG f Zmwf vr;f rwS wf r;f wiaf pcsi)f 2 » » »(ajrewof r;D e@J a&ewof m;w@dk prHk ucf spcf if om;wa,muuf dk zmG ;ajrmuuf m t&,G af &muvf mjye&f iæf rcd i0f oek f Tajr}u;D e@J rui;f umG or# &efwumukd atmifjrif e*g;eJ@bDvl;ukdæ txl;yJ atmifyGJqif)2 okd@&mwGif rcd iaf jr}u;D e@Jyif ui;f umG aeqJ c%wiG f r±r_ veS @J usq;kH &onyf if (TtoGifæ igwkd@wGif vlxkyJ arG;rdcif av;pm;cspfcif » ruif; uGmatmifyif vlxktusdK;ukd onfykd;Ekdif&if)2 b,fawmhrS r±_H;Ekdifæ tqHk; widk af tmiyf if igw@dkrcd iæf wm0pOæf vxl æk yi)f 2 ar;G rcd if Zmwvf r;f rmS yg0iwf hJ Zmwaf umitf m;v;kH txuyf gocD si;f udk nDnDnmnm oH+ydKifoDqkd&if; ºua&muf±_pm; aewJh y&dowfukd tav;jyK Ew_ qf uuf m Zmwof rd ;f vudk yf gw,?f ZoJG w&dW =dSuonf ao;G om;e@J &i;f v@dk twnf jynof tl wuG qf dk touuf ydk ipf eG @frnf A[jdkynof @lobitf z@JG}u;D yxrq;kH t}urd f wm0e,f l wiqf u&f whJ yuJG awmh wyof m;op*f %k jfyKyJG ygy?J wyrf [m ( )u }u;D r;ª usi;f yygw,?f (tcsed f =umv+SyrD @dk wyrf [meyH gwf rrwS rf ad wmyh g)? vxl uk awmh ysO;f rem;+rKd@e,f taemuf bujfcr;f wcvk ;kH e;D yg;ygy?J wyof m;opuf 100 ausmyf gw,?f ae&muawmh o&uf awm&mG &@J taemubf uf v,uf iG ;f jyi}fu;D xJ rmS yg? (o&uaf wm&mG qwdk m ysO;f r em;+rKd @e,f awminf Kd &mG }u;D &@J ajrmubf urf mS &ydS gw,)f ? ae@ci;f rmS vxl wk &m;yJG &ydS gw,?f c±idk yf gwuD acgi;f aqmitf m;v;kH avmuef ;D yg; wuaf &muvf m=uovdk wyfr[m acgif;aqmifawGvnf; pHkpHkvifvif wuf=uygw,f? vlxkuvnf; tveG rf sm; ygw,?f wyof m;opxf uG wf hJ &mG awuG o@l&mG u,dk &hf mG tvudk f wyof m;opaf wuG dk t;dk pnAf akH rmi;f awwG ;D +y;D tutcek af weG @J vmy@dk=uwmr@dk waysmwf yg;}u;D ygy?J wyf om;opaf wuG vn;f +yKH ;+yKH ;&i¸ &f i¸ ef @J vnyf i;f rmS ye;f u;kH awqG vJG @dk cyaf rmah rmh 12

0ºhHum;pmG e@J we;f p+Dy;D w&m;a[mpijfriahf &@Sudk 0iaf &muvf mwm/ jri&f oal wtG z@dk tirf wef usuof a& &vdS wS ,?f y&od w}fu;D uvn;f aumi;f cs;D =obmawaG y;+y;D wyrf awmbf icf &mw;D 0ikd ;f u ppwf ;D v;kH uwdk ;D / wyof m;x}k u;D w&yvf ;kH u vuf cyk =fobm w;D um }uKdqydk gw,?f wyrf [mEidk if aH &;r;ª e@J wyrf [mr;ª w@dk acgi;f aqmiwf hJ wyrf [m au'g tz@JG}u;D u wyof m;oprf sm;udk pepwf us vucf uH m wO;D pD vuqf EJG w_ qf uf =uyg w,?f t'J aD emuf wyof m;opaf wuG dk o;D oe@f ae&mxidk cf i;f ay;ygw,?f 'tD csed rf mS vxl yk &od w}fu;D buuf dk vrS ;f ar#m=funrhf vd udk af wmæh uiG ;f tv,rf mS u vxl k y&od w}fu;D / wyrf awmof m;awuG ab;u 0idk ;f ywxf m;vudk wf m[m rid_ ;f nKd@nKd@ qidk ;f r@dkaewhJ awmtyk }fu;D tv,rf mS t+yKditf qidk f yiG ahf e=uwhJ a&mipf ykH e;f uav;awG av,&l m wrd ;f i+hJy;D ,rd ;f wE@JGE@JG uaewhJ [eyf gy?J ±r_ q;kH Eidk wf hJ a&mipf ykH e;f csD um;csyf }u;D wcsyef @J tvm;o¿mef wal eygw,?f aysmyf &JG i¸ yf aJG wuG vn;f tawmpf ykH gw,?f acsmwidk wf uyf /JG ajy;y+JGyKd iyf /JG armif;xkyGJ(uav;vl}uD; tESpfoufqHk;yGJ)/ &efolvnfyif; }uKd ;uiG ;f pyG jfci;f (btJ yk xf uJ b&J @Jvnyf i;f udk &mbmuiG ;f e@J ypuf pm;jci;f )/ Eidk wf hJ val w[G m o=um;v;kH pm; &yg w,?f armi;f xyk [JG m v,G vf ,G af v;e@Jcuyf gw,?f uiG ;f v,af cgirf mS opwf idk f EpS wf idk pf udk /f tv,rf mS armi;f wv;kH udk cswd f ay;xm;ygw,?f t'J aD rmi;f ukd xzk @dk armi;f xwk wk wf acsmi;f udk ,OS +fyKdiof vl uxf J ay;xm;ygw,?f ,OS +fyKdiof &l @J rsuEf mS wcvk ;kH t0wxf xl wl pe@J ywd pf n;f xm;wmyg? rsuEf mS pn;f xm;+y;D &if o@lukd o;kH ywf avmuf vnS ahf y;vudk wf ,?f t'J aD emuof @ludk armi;f &&dS mbuuf dk rsuEf mS r+ly;D vnS hf ay;xm;ygw,?f 'vD rdk suEf mS rpn;f cif ,OS +fyKdiof ul pwd }fuKduf ae&mte;D ta0;udk ajcvrS ;f vrS ;f +y;D widk ;f wm=unwhf m/ yw0f e;f usiuf val wG tm;v;kH &@J taetxm;udk apah ph pyfpyf=unfhrSwfwm tm;vHk;pdwf}udKufvkyfcGifh&Sdygw,f? ae&muvnf; oyd rf a0;ygb;l ? tveG qf ;kH &rdS S 15 ayayg?h tæJ =unohf al &m ,OS +fyKd iof yl g &itf cek &f q;kH tcsed uf awmh armi;f em; a&muf +yxD ivf @dk armi;f x&k ef armi;f xwk wk uf dk v+J$y;D armi;f b}ku;D udk w&,G &f ,G ef @J xvk udk f awmrh ,yhf [kH m &itf cek &f q;kH jzpyf gw,?f y=JGunyhf &od wuf vn;f “[,æf xak wmrh ,/f xak wmrh ,/f ab;z,/f ab;z,”f e@J rw;dk rus,af jymwwyf gw,?f 13

'kdifvl}uD;uvnf; toHrxGuf=uzkd@ arwWm&yfcHaeygw,f? 'gayr,hf r&ygbl;? armi;f a&@S wnwhf nhf a&muaf e&ivf n;f “xvk udk af væ csæ csæ wtm;csvudk ”f e@J wkd;wkd;av; ajym+yD; 0kdif;tm;ay;wwfygw,f? wcsdK@vl[m tvGefem;yg;+yD; &dyfzrf;oHzrf; tuJcwf tvGefaumif;ygw,f? 'DvkdvlrsdK;u 10 a,uf wa,muaf wmif r&ydS gb;l ? &mS ;ygw,?f tæJ armi;f udk xrk od mG ;+yD atmiof mG ;+yqD &dk if xkvkdufwJh armif;oHeJ@ twl y&dowf}uD;&J@ tm;ay;oH/ atmf[pfoH/ vufacgufr_wfoHawG[m awmfawmfeJ@ rpJygbl;? ,SOf+ydKifolxuf ab;utm;ay;oul yakd ysmaf e+y;D uoul u/ u|r;f x;dk oul x;dk e@J taysm}f u;D aysmaf e=uawmwh mygy?J owrf wS xf m;whJ tcsed tf widk ;f tpn;f ta0;wuvf mwhJ &mG awtG vudk f vxl }ku;D [mvn;f ppkH nkH nD D a&muvf m+yrD @dk tpn;f ta0;udk pygw,?f Armjynf vu&f tdS ajctae/ urmB th ajctae/ ygweD @Jwyrf awmtf ajctae pojzihf &iS ;f vi;f a[majymygw,?f tocH s@Jpuf 2 v;kH / tpn;f ta0;pijfriahf emucf H ygwtD veH @J wyrf awmtf vuH vn;f 0i0hf iºhfum;ºum;r@dk tirf wef usuof a& &vdS wS ,?f aemuqf ;kH tptD pOtf & wyrf awmof m;opaf wtG wuG f vuaf qmif ypnP ;f rsm; ay;ygw,?f vuaf qmiyf pnP ;f awuG rsm;rrS sm;? aus;&mG ; trsKd ;or;D or*~ widk ;f u ay;vmwhJ vuaf qmiyf pnP ;f awyG g? pm;y&JG nS }fu;D 5 v;kH ay:rmS qiuhf m qihfum wifxm;vkdufwm awmifyHk&myHkygyJ? pm;yGJ&Snf}uD; ab;ywfvnf ajrjyiaf y:rmS vu&f uf jci;f vvS aS v;aweG @J =uuOf aw/G pm;p&mo;D EtHS pkH xn+hfy;D csxm;ygw,?f x;l x;l qe;f qe;f wcuk awmh vu&f ujfci;f uuG uf sm;av;wcxk rJ mS +idrf+idrf ouf oufav; vlawGukd jyef=unfhaewJh =uufzeDeDwaumifygyJ? t&G,fuvnf;wyd\\m avmufeD;eD;&Sdr,f? tarmufa&mtarG;tawmifyg tqiftaoG;u awmfawmf vSygw,f? uav;v}lu;D tm;v;kH pwd 0f ipf m;=uygw,?f “rwS wf r;f witf z@JG” u \"mwyf ±kH udk f rwS wf r;f wiyf gw,?f pm;yaJG y:rS ypnP ;f awuG awmæh ta&mitf ao;G vvS S tpykH gwhJ uwxf pl mtyk af w/G cwJ /H azmiwf ed /f rsuEf mS owk yf 0g/ vuuf idk yf 0g/ &yS vf uwf /dk &yS vf u&f nS /f yqk ;dk / ajcny‡ zf ed y/f v,G tf wd f vvS aS w(G trd rf mS &uwf ma&m/ 0,wf ma&mvu&f mp)kH / rek @frsKd;ppkH ojzihf awmaf wmf pykH gw,?f ypnP ;f trsKd;trncf si;f rwwl mr@dk wyof m;oprf sm;udk raJ zmuaf y;&w,?f wa,mufwa,muf 4-5-6 rsdK;avmuf &=uwmyg? aemufqHk; rJaygufwJh 14

&Jabmf[m =uufzteD}uD;ukd &oGm;ygw,f? tJ'D&Jabmf[m =uufzeDeD}uD; raJ ygu&f +y;D aemuf jci;f xuJ xwk ,f vl udk wf thJ cg =uuzf }u;D u o&H nS }fu;D q+JGy;D weG vf udk vf @dkvl awtG m;v;kH oabmus+y;D 0g;ueJ 0idk ;f &,=fuw,?f &Jabmfuvnf; =uufz}uD; ukdykduf&if; +yHK;+yHK;}uD;eJ@ \"mwfyHk t±kdufcHcJhwmukd pwd tf m±rkH mS jyevf nf jriaf ,mif aeryd gw,?f a[mæ ajym&if;qkd&if;eJ@ &yfa0; (ewfawmifajrmufbuf) u vSnf;tkyf}uD; awmif a&mufvmyg+yD? nyGJ=unfh&atmif 0D&d, aumi;f veG ;f vyS gvm;? aer0icf if a&muvf m=uyg+y?D naexri;f pm;yuJG awmh vvl n;f pvkH ivf yS gw,?f c±idk /f wyrf [m/ +rKd @ e,uf acgi;f aqmirf sm;/ au'grsm;/ &mG uau'grsm;/ u|erf w@dk A[jdkynof @lobiuf tz@JGawmof m;rsm;e@J wyof m;op&f aJ bmrf sm;yg aysmaf ysmyf g;yg; twwl uG xri;f pm;=uyg w,?f narmS i&f yD sKd;wme@J a&eqH rD ;D widk af wG xeG ;f !xd‡ m;whJ aps;qidk af v;awuG a&mif;ol0,folawGeJ@ pnfum;vSygw,f? trsm;pkuawmh aq;vdyf/ rD;jcpfeJ@ pm;p&mawyG J rsm;ygw,?f u|erf vn;f raw@G&wm =um+yjDzpwf hJ ewaf wmif ajrmuf buuf vxl ak w&G &dS m omG ;a&muEf w_ qf uyf gw,?f rar#mvf ibhf J u|erf udk aw@Gvudk f =uawmh owl @dkawmaf wmf 0r;f om=uygw,?f “A[dk uadk jymi;f omG ;+yvD @kd owi;f y=Jum;&w,?f vul adk wmh tcrk S aw@G&w,?f aeEidk vf udk wf m? wcgav;awmif tvnrf vmb;l ? w@dkuawmh ar#mvf udk &f wm”v@dk 0idk ;f +y;D &eaf w@G=uygw,?f u|erf uvn;f “rvmcsivf @dk r[wk yf gb;l ? 'vD yk if e;f u wcgrS rvyk bf ;l awmh ausmi;f wuaf vvh mae&ygw,?f u|erf vn;f t+rwJ r;f ow&d vsuyf g? 'ga=umihf tc'k rD mS vm&mS +y;D Ew_ qf uwf myg? tcsed rf &v@dk rvmEidk wf mudk ciG vhf w$ yf g”v@dk awmi;f yef awmh tm;v;kH u auseyof mG ;=u+y;D “wacguaf vmuaf wmh vmjzpaf tmif vmcyhJ gO;D ? ciG hf awmi;f +y;D vmaygvh @dk ajym=u? rek @faw0G ,+fy;D twi;f au|;=ue@J qnl aH eygw,?f u|erf vn;f owl @dk auseyaf tmif en;f en;f yg;yg; pm;+y;D yxJG uG cf sed f e;D vm+yrD @dk tm;v;kH udk awmi;f yeEf w_ qf u+fy;D tajy;tvm$ ; jyecf &hJ ygw,?f w;D 0idk ;f u p+y;D {nchf aH eyg+y?D u|erf vn;f z;D vrd ;f jyiqf iwf m+y;D &i+fy;D csi;f usewf thJ z@JG0if ti,af wG z;D vrd ;f jyiqf iwf mudk vudk =fun&hf i;f vtdk ywf mav;awG unl aD y;ygw,?f u|erf [m yOJG ;D xuG f (y%mr ,rd ;f tu) up+y;D quwf udk xf uG f u &rmS r@dk tce;f vudk f vtdk ywf hJ t0wtf pm; to;kH taqmiaf wuG dk pepwf us 15

cxJG m;+y;D ,rd ;f xuG zf @dk t0wuf dk wcgwn;f vxJ m;vudk wf ,?f usewf &hJ aJ bmaf wG ukdvnf; t0wfvJ+yD; tqifoifhjzpfzkd@ owday;vkdufw,f? tcsdefenf;enf; &ao;wmrkd@ jyZmwfrSm ajym&r,fh pum;wcsdK@ukd jyef=unfh rSwfaewkef; &J abmaf usmnf eG @f(v&l i¸ af wmf yed af o;) a&muf vmygw,?f wquwf n;f oul “y&d owuf awmh oyd rf sm;wmyAJ sm? u|eaf wmwf @dk 'nD awmh yxrq;kH uwmvn;f jzpwf mr@dk owxd m;+y;D }uKd;pm;&vrd rhf ,”f v@dk vm ajymaeygw,?f 'ge@J u|erf vn;f um;=um;uae y&od wtf ajctaeudk tucJ wf =unvhf udk wf m tædk [wk yf g&@J? ycJG i;f }u;D uvn;f tus,}fu;D / vxl ak &m wyof m;xak &m ren;f ygb;l ? aemuqf ;kH &dS vnS ;f awaG y:rmS vn;f val wuG cvJ @dk? 'gawjGri&f awmh u|erf &iaf wcG ek vf m+y;D a=umuvf udk wf m? tædk ig bmv@dk a=umu&f rmS v?J t&iuf vn;f pijfriahf y:wuf w&m;a[maeus? ocD si;f qadk eusy?J vxl yk &od wrf sm;av u,dk uhf dk tm;ay;wvhJ l rsm;avr@dk a=umupf &mr[wk ?f t'J g 0r;f om&rmS y”J v@dk u,dk uhf ,dk uf ,dk f tm;ay;&i;f vyk pf &m&wdS m quvf yk af evudk wf ,?f yxJG uG cf sed ef ;D vm+yrD @dk vxl k }u;D [m +ird of uf aeygw,?f p&l waD ieG m;e@J a&y¸ g;rmS whJ e@Homcs,f vyS gbwd ,f a[mæ ,rd ;f xuG zf @dk tcsuaf y;aeyg+y?D 'yD %mr ,rd ;f rmS u|erf u (acgi;f aqmirf i;f or;D ) wa,muwf n;f ocD si;f tpy'dk f (ajcqi;f ) rmS u&wmr@dk Zmwcf kH tv,rf mS ae&m,l toijhfyivf udk yf gw,?f jynzf ;kH um;uvn;f wjzn;f jzn;f ziG vhf udk yf g+y?D vxl yk &od w}fu;D &@J tm;ay;o[H m ycJG i;f wcvk ;kH rmS [ed ;f omG ;ygw,?f Zmwcf akH y:rmS tocH s@Jpuwf v;kH w;D 0idk ;f rmS wv;kH r@dk ocD si;f q&dk wmvn;f awmaf wmf tqiaf jyygw,?f c%=umawmh ab;EpS bf uuf usewf ,hJ rd ;f orav;awG tm;v;kH u,&i;f xuG vf m =uw,?f 'tD csed rf mS aemuuf “A[jdkynof @hlobif y%mr,rd ;f ” qwdk hJ pmv;kH awuG ajy;+y;D 0ivf mw,?f u,aewhJ tcsed rf mS a&mipf qkH vudk rf ;D rsm;e@J qadk wmh awmaf wmaf v; rsupf yd om' &wdS ,vf @dk q&dk ygr,?f ,rd ;f +y;D omG ;wahJ emuf “a&c¸ sKd ;jzLatmyf &m”quxf uG &f ygw,?f aemuf cyH e;f csuD m;}u;D [m awmtyk tf 0if xaemi;f yif naD emi&f @Jab;u z;dk awmiof l wJ uav;e@J bom0us+y;D vaS eygw,?f t'J wD aJ v;&@J yw0f e;f usirf mS “csKd ;jzLav; waumif aysm&f i¸ jfrL;x;l 0yJ suH &i;f om,mcsKd at;pmG uol aH y;vudk /f tpm&mS &i;f 16

bmombm0 aysmfjrL;ae&Smygw,f? 'DtcsdefrSmyJ iSufcwform; rkqdk;[m av;e@Jjrm;udk uidk pf +JGy;D csKd;jzLav;uodk wzf @dk c|wef i;f +y;D 0ivf mygw,?f tui;f yg;vwS hJ csKd ;jzLav;[m rqk ;dk }u;D &@J ypuf iG ;f u vwG af tmiaf &mS iaf eygw,?f (rqk ;dk }u;D &@J aemuaf usmrmS jrm;b;l wb;l tjyif ‘e,cf s@J’qwdk hJ pmv;kH rJ }u;D udk uyxf m;awmh vxl tk jrirf mS y&dk iS ;f ygw,)f ? rqk ;dk }u;D e@J csKd ;jzLav;[m a&mS ivf udk f wrd ;f vudk ef @J vyS pmG u,ae&i;f u aemuqf ;kH rmS rqk ;dk }u;D u taoowrf ,vf @dk av;}uKd;udk wif vudk wf thJ csed rf mS csKd ;jzLav;[m rqk ;dk }u;D &@J ypuf iG ;f uae csKd at;om,mpmG uol aH y;&i;f ta0;udk ysxH uG of mG ; awmh rqk ;dk }u;D [m a'go r;D awmu+fy;D use&f pf cwhJ ,?f (a&c$ sKd ;jzLocD si;f udk w;D 0ikd ;f u w;D ay;ae+y;D u,dk uf t'J D aw;omG ;tvudk f o±yk af zmuf ae&wmyg)? jynzf ;kH um;vn;f csvudk af &m y&od w}fu;D &@J =obmoaH weG @Jtwl “[i;f æ crk yS J em;at;&awmwh ,”f “at;avæ igjzihf yvl udk &f wm? csKd;jzLav;rsm; aoomG ; rvm;v@dk”“tudk mG æ rqk ;dk }u;D aorS yakd umi;f rmS ”pwhJ vxl &k @J toaH wG wa,muf wrsKd; ay:xuG vf mw,?f tif;æ a&¸csdK;jzL atmfy&muawmh +yD;oGm;yg+yD? “arG;rdcif qkdrl[ef obi”f rmS qu+fy;D ajrewof r;D tjzpf o±yk af qmizf @dk t0wvf &J ygw,?f t0wuf rsm;rsm;r&ydS gb;l ? rr=un(f wyef D Avdk of ed ;f -usq;kH &@JZe;D )u vxª m;whJ ye;f Eak &mif ee;f pOcf swd xf bD (taumi;f q;kH qvdk @dk 'wD xnyf J &ydS gw,)f tusôuawmh vzJ @dk rvydk gb;l ? apmapmu a&c¸ sKd ;jzLtjzpf o±yk af qmipf Ouf 0wxf m;whJ xidk rf ord ;f tusôtjzLav;ygy?J (tm;v;kH rS xidk rf ord ;f tusô 'wD xnyf J &wdS myg? xbuD awmæh jzLa&maf &m/f yiuf ,kd uf bm ta&mirf eS ;f ce@freS ;f r&Eidk af wmwh hJ xbwD xn&f ,/f tprd ;f &iahf &mif xbwD xn&f ,?f aemuqf ;kH rr=unuf “jri&f wm oem;veG ;f v@dk”q+dky;D oul wthJ cg 0wwf hJ cswd xf bD av;udk vmay;vxª m;wmr@dk aygi;f 3 xnfaygh)? u|efrwkd@ A[kdjynfol@obifu t0wftpm; awmfawmfEGrf;yg; csKd@wyhJ gw,?f ,rd ;f uwthJ cgrmS vl 12 a,mu&f wdS m? (2-3 a,muf tqif wrsKd ; 0w&f w,)f ? Zmw0f icf e;f u ypnP ;f tm;v;kH csKd@wyJh gw,?f jyn0hf wmuawmh u|erf w@dk tz@JG0itf m;v;kH &@J “pwd \"f mw”f ygy?J 'ga=umihf u|erf w@dk tm;v;kH uvn;f rrd ud s&m wm0euf dk taumi;f q;kH jzpaf tmif }uKd;pm;=uygw,?f ajrewforD; t0wfv&J wm ab;utulr&Sd&if r&yg? ta=umif;u acgi;f rmS pn;f yakH qmi;f vudk ±f ekH @J r+y;D yg? ewof r;D qadk wmh b,uwf eqf m/ 'gG'&mawG 17

vufpnf;/ cg;pnf;awG ±_yfygw,f? &Jabmfrav;awGu 0dkif;0ef;ulnDay;=uvkd@ +y;D omG ;yg+y?D ar;G rcd ivf n;f a&@Syidk ;f (PLOT)awmif pxuG af eyg+y?D a&@Syidk ;f (PLOT)u &mG w&mG u ‘omat;’qwdk hJ vil ,wf a,mu?f wudk f e,af umrf wD jzpof mG ;awmh twd uf yxf rJ mS awmh ‘ywuf m;’azmiwf ed ef @J vurf mS awmh ‘±;dk rm;’em&eD @J emrnuf vn;f ‘ciaf rmijfri’hf v@dk ajymi;f xm;ow?hJ o@lZe;D uvn;f trd rf mS wek ;f u ‘rad c;G ’? tcak wmh ‘jrijhfri=hfun’f w?hJ o±yk af qmiwf hJ &aJ bmf uvn;f ±yk &f naf &m/ [eyf eaf &m/ toaH &m wu,hf trsKd;or;D tppef @J crJG &atmif wvl wS ,?f rvl ufdk Ef @JGvudk wf muvn;f tveG yf gy?J &mG xuJ 0u}fu;D udk jriaf wmh oul “[iæf [dk rrJ }Ju;D u bmaumi}fu;D vJ armiaf &æ a=umuwf ,/f armiæf a=umuf w,”f e@J y&od wqf wdk m wa0ga0ge@J &,af e&wm? yg;pyuf dk rywd &f b;l ? u|erf vn;f u,kd hf tce;f twuG f toijhfyi&f i;f um;=um; (yÀk m;u,G )f u =unuhf m &,af e rwd ,?f rrd d tcsed af &muvf @dk u|erf tce;f udk u|erf }uKd ;pm;+y;D o±yk af qmiaf e ygw,?f &icf ek wf mawG b,af &muuf ek wf ,f road wmyh gb;l ? yxrtce;f rmS a&ewf om;ehJ aw@G+y;D EpS Of ;D arwmW &odS mG ;=uv@dk a&ewof m;u oal exidk &f m (ee;f awm)f udk ac:omG ;whJ tce;f [m Zmwvf r;f wcvk ;kH rmS tvqS ;kH ygy?J w;D 0idk ;f uvn;f ºuºu &&G aG v;/ wa,mudk t\"ud O;D pm;ay;+y;D AwkH adk v;awuG vJ wcsuwf csuf =um;ny‡ f xm;w,?f vaS '0ED ,G f armiaf wmf p&H m ee;f udk vrS ;f p@dktwyl J jre;f p@dk twyl J æ v@dkq+dky;D awmh a&ewof m;u ewof r;D &@J y0gp tzsm;av;udk uidk +fy;D pn;f 0g; e@Jtuudk f vrS ;f &i;f omG ;aewm jri&f whJ y&od w}fu;D u =obmawvG n;f ay;? yg;pyf uvn;f “uygAsKd @”“uygAsKd @”e@J [adk xmiuhf atm?f 'aD xmiuhf atmef @J qnl aH e ygw,?f Zmwcf akH &@S wnwhf nuhf trsKd;or;D 0idk ;f uvn;f “=unahf e r,&kH if aemuf wausmh qkd&if uawm hrSm”vkd@ atmf+yD; jiif;ckefaeygw,f? u|efrvnf; pifay:uae =um;ae&awmh “a=omfæ olwkd@wawG Zmwfvrf;&J@ oabmukd em;rvnf&SmyJukd;”vkd@ awG;rd+yD; +yHK;rd ygw,f? eef;awmfukd a&muftoGm; jynfzkH;um;vnf; csvkdufa&m? vlxk}uD;u =obm vnf;ay; yg;pyfuvnf; xijfricf suaf wG wa,muwf ayguaf jym &i;f qnl aH e awmwh ,?f “awmuæf u, vudk &f if b,af vmuaf umi;f rvvJ @dk” “at;avæ [wk f yg&@J? igu aemuwf ausmh ocD si;f q&dk if u, awmh r,vf @dk xif aewm”w?hJ tædk pakH e wmygy?J 18

ar;G rcd if t+y;D rmS ‘tm;vycf sed ’f wem&aD vmuf ay;vudk wf ,?f +y;D &if “&qJ ”k jyZmwef @J r;dk vi;f txd qxJG m;&rmS yg? u|erf w@dk tz@JGawmof m;tm;v;kH [mvn;f vxl }ku;D &@J wceJ uf axmucf H r_ukd &,lxm;+yD;rkd@ &Jpdwf&JrmeftjynfheJ@ &¸ifvef;tm;& aysmyf g;ouG vf uaf e=uygw,?f tcsed af &muvf @dk “&qJ ”k jyZmw}fu;D udk jyawmrh ,vf @dk a=unmaeyg+y?D Zmwvf r;f wcvk ;kH udk taumi;f q;kH jzpaf tmif 0ifdk ;f 0e;f wm0e,f vl m=uwm a[mæ ckawmh Zmwf&SdeftjrifhqHk;ukd a&mufaeyg+yD? '%f&ma=umifh ±kyfqif;±l yuma&m toyH g yiuf ,dk tf widk ;f r&&dS mS awmwh hJ ri;f om;(u&dk ixf eG ;f a&)¸ [m cspof l (rzmG ;op)f uvn;f rrwS rf ±d rkH u rcd ijfzpof ul yg rrwS rf ad wmyh J cypf ed ;f ped ;f pudk f =unahf e=uwmudk t+rwJ r;f caH e&&mS w,?f cspof l (rzmG ;op)f u rrd ud dk aw@G&if a=umuf&GH@aewJh toGif ukdyg awG@jrifae&wma=umifh qkd;vSwJh uH=urRmukd pO;f pm;r&d i;f pwd rf &i¸ Ef ikd yf J tyd vf @dkr& wma=umifh jymvvhJ hJ va&miaf tmuuf uyG yf spf uav;ay:xidk &f i;f ygvmwhJ r,'f viaf v;udk vuuf uG pf r;f um “w@Hkum0Éwf i”f ocD si;f }u;D udk qndk n;f w;D cwf aerwd ,?f 'tD csed rf mS w;D 0idk ;f wcvk ;kH uvn;f +ird of uaf eum O;D av;O;D a&r¸ nS &hf @J ce@fnm;om,mvwS hJ ocD si;f oeH @Jtwl om,mni;f aysmi;f vwS hJ 'rkH i;f owH @dkuvvJG @dk wjcm;bmorH S r=um;&yg? “w@Hkum0Éwf if r,æf jrif vnS hf æ av;æ qædk a,miæf rid_ æf rad o;” qwdk hJ ocD si;f orH mS viG ahf rsmyg&i;f y&od w}fu;D [m tyuf s&iaf wmif =um; &rwwf +idrfoufvdk@aeygw,f? jyifyurBm}uD;[mvnf; r=umrD a&mufvm awmhr,fh “t±%k Of ;D ”&@J vi;f a&mijfcnuf dk iahH r#m}fuKd q&dk i;f wwd qf wd +fird of uvf @dkyg? aemuqf ;kH tjzprf eS tf m;v;kH udk ood mG ;whJ (zmG ;op)f [m jynof tl wuG f touuf dk yrmrxm;bJ &0J phH mG wudk yf 0JG icf whJ hJ (u&dk ixf eG ;f a&)¸ &@J pwd \"f mwuf dk wezf ;dk xm;+y;D rrd &d @J arwmW reG uf dk “&qJ ”k tjzpf tyEf iS ;f vudk uf m &mouyf etf azmrf eG tf jzpf jyKpak pmiahf &mS uEf idk &f ef q;kH jzwf vuxf yvf udk yf gw,?f vuxf yrf *vF myrJG mS &mG uoil ,cf si;f awG taysm}fu;D aysmvf ufdk =fuwm y=JGunyhf &od wuf dk u;l pu+fy;D w0g;0g; w[m;[m;e@J r;dk pipf ivf i;f aewmawmif *±rk pudk bf J &adS e=uygw,?f aemuqf ;kH rmS jynzf ;kH um;cs+y;D “+y;D yg+y”D qwdk hJ pmwe;f x;dk vudk yf gw,?f 19

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'vD dk a0zeaf xmujfy awmi;f qcdk suaf wuG dk =um;&awmh &aJ bmtf m;v;kH [m EpS af xmi;f tm;& jzprf =duw,?f awmi;f qcdk surf sm;udk vucf +Hy;D a&@Sudk aumi;f oxuf aumi;f atmif aqmi&f uG of mG ;=uz@dk oEÏMd mecf s=uygw,?f ygwtD ay:rmS ,=kHunof nf a&@Sudk &&J cJ sD 1952 aEOG ;D rmS jzpyf gw,?f wae@ eeH ucf i;f rmS “ta&;ay: ygwuD vmyf pn;f tpn;f ta0;”ac:ygw,?f u|erf w@dk EpS af ,muvf ;kH ygw0D iaf wG jzpaf e=u+yrD @kd tpn;f ta0;udk wu=fuygw,?f tpn;f ta0;rmS ygwAD [udk vu&f dS tajctaee@J uudk nf wD hJ vr;f pOwf &yuf dk csrwS vf udk +fyjDzpaf =umi;f &iS ;f jyygw,?f tJ'DcsrSwfvkdufwJh vrf;pOftopfukd “+idrf;csrf;a&; !Gef@aygif;tpkd;& vr;f pO”f v@dk ac:ygw,?f t'J vD r;f pO&f @J tEpS of m &uawmh (1) awmvf eS af &;u&kd yf (2) t&i;f &iS f Oya'abmitf wiG ;f 0if (3) tyk pf ;kd aewhJ t&i;f &iS vf wl e;f pm;e@Jw+JGy;D !eG @faygi;f tp;dk &w&yzf @JGa&; jzpwf ,?f t'J vD r;f pOuf dk jrp0f u|e;f ay:widk ;f rmS “twidk yf icf H ueG zf &i”hf ac:,l usi;f y twnjfyKEidk af &; jzpyf gw,?f r=umrD wywaf vmutf wiG ;f Eidk if aH &;O;D aqmif tz@JG 0iwf O;D O;D aqmi+fy;D c&;D xuG yf gr,?f 'cD &;D udk u|erf w@dk 0g'jze@fcsad &;tz@JGu vuaf &;G pOf 10 a,muf (wypf wd wf pwd )f vudk Ef idk &f ef uvmypf n;f u &iS ;f jyygw,?f val &;G whJ tcg (1) vkyfief;vkdtyfcsuft& jzpf&r,f? (2) vkduf&r,fh &aJ bmuf ,dk wf idk uf vn;f wnl wD qhJ EN &&dS r,?f 'D EpS cf suef @J uudk nf wD hJ &aJ bmf 10 a,muf a&;G ygw,?f 'D ta&;G c&H wthJ xrJ mS u|erf w@dk Ze;D armiEf HS ygygw,?f yg0iwf hJ &aJ bmtf rsm;p[k m ygw0D iaf wjGzp=fuygw,?f 'tD z@JGi,uf dk O;D av;O;D a&r$ nS uhf OD;aqmifygr,f? ukd,fhykd;tdwf ukd,fxrf;? c&D;&Snf csDwuf&ygr,f? wyfeJ@ twlcsDwuf&wmyg? wyf pnf;urf;twkdif; vkdufem&ygr,fwJh? tck tpn;f ta0;+y;D wme@J u,dk ,f &l r,yhf pnP ;f toijhfyixf m;? 'g[m tx;l v#Kd @0uS f csufjzpfw,f? vHk;0 rayguf=um;ap&? ac:vdkuf wJhtcsdef xvkdufEkdifzkd@ toijfhyixf m;z@dk !e$ =fum;+y;D tpn;f ta0;udk tq;kH owf vudk wf ,?f csD æ csD a&@Sucdk sD aEOG ;D azazm0f g&D yxrwywtf wiG ;f eeH uaf pmapm ysO;f rem;+rKd@e,f b&k m; awmi-f ywdk u&f mG te;D &dS ptD pdk (D oZipf ce;f / OuÏU }u;D ociof e;f xeG ;f w@dk aew)hJ pce;f rS 22

pxuG yf gw,?f wycf wJG cJG ygw,?f wyuf dk O;D p;D oul Avdk rf ;ª atmi}fu;D (ti,)f jzpwf ,?f &mG u trmcaH u'g (rqk ;dk ) EpS af ,muf ygw,?f ±;dk rudk ausmjfzw+fy;D omG ;&w,?f qi}fu;D waumivf n;f ygw,?f ta&;}u;D whJ ypnP ;f awuG dk qiaf y:rmS xixf m;w,?f ygvmwhJ A[adk cgi;f aqmiuf ociZf if (Eidk if aH &;O;D aqmiPf .Btz@JG0i)f yg? vr;f rmS b,of rl S ro&d ygb;l ? b,vf r;f udk omG ;w,?f b,uf dk O;D wnof mG ;aew,f qwdk muvdk n;f tord ay;ygb;l ? eeH uf 5 em&D c&mrw_ &f if tyd &f mx/ we;f p/D vpl p/f +y;D &if c&;D xuG ?f ae@vnf 11 em&qD &dk if em;/ xri;f pm;? ae@vnf 2 em&D c&;D quf xuG ?f nae 5 em&D em;/ xri;f pm;? +y;D &if n c&;D quxf uG ?f n 10 em&aD vmurf mS em;/ awmxrJ mS yJ ntyd ?f ae@pOf 'vD ydk J cswD ucf =hJuw,?f u|erf tz@dk c&;D &nS f cswD uf wm[m 'g yxrt}urd jfzpaf wmh xuG cf gp 2-3 &urf mS awmh zsm;awmrh vvdk adk wmif jzpyf gw,?f 'gayr,hf rzsm;ygb;l ? wywf avmu&f vdS mawmh c&;D omG ;&wm usiohf m; &oGm;yg+yD? ajcaxmufawGrSmawmh tzkawGx+yD; a&mifvmygw,f? u|efrwkd@ wz@JGv;kH [m c&;D &nS f cswD uaf e&ayr,hf om;a&ajcny‡ zf ed yrf sm;om p;D xm;wmyg? wycf &;D xuG wf thJ cg u|erf w@dktz@JGu tv,rf S vudk &f w,?f aemuqf ;kH rmS &aJ bmf wcsKd@&ydS gw,?f u|erf uawmh aemuqf ;kH rjzpaf tmif t+rJ }uKd;pm; cswD uaf e&ygw,?f azazm0f g&vD qadk wmh ±;dk ra=umay: jzpaf yr,hf oyd rf ouof mvbS ;l ? aeoyd f yyl gw,?f vckH snuf dk wwdk 0dk w?f cg;rmS }uKd;e@Jcsnxf m;? tusôuadk wmh vu&f nS f tusô 0wxf m;w,?f (u|erf w@dk 0g'jze@fcsad &;u &aJ bmrf sm;tm;v;kH [m ppwf yvf dk 0wfwmr[kwfbJ t&yf0wfukdyJ tJ'Dwkef;u 0wfcJh&wmyg)? acgif;rSmawmh &JabmfawG vkyfay;xm;wJh opf&Gufopfcuf EG,f}udK;awGeJ@ &ufvkyfxm;wJh OD;xkyfygw,f? aqmif; &wm at;+yD; awmfawmfaumif;ygw,f? ykd;tdwfukdykd; vufrSmawmifa0S; wacsmif;ukd ukdifxm;w,f? c&D;&SnfoGm;&if awmifa0S;ukd oHk;wm[m awmfawmf tusdK;&Sdygw,f? awmifa=umay:rkd@ twuftqif; en;f ygw,?f pce;f u xuG vf mpOuf trsKd;or;D qvdk @dk u|erf e@J rrE,G f (O;D av;rnS @f Ze;D ) 2 a,muyf J yg, ygw,?f vr;f w av#muvf ;kH vrl aw@G/ &mG raw@G? wae@rmS naepmpm;+y;D c&;D quxf uG vf mvudk wf m n 8 em&D avmurf mS rsupf vd nf vrf;rSm;+yD; naeu xrif;pm;cJhwJh ae&mukdyJ jyef a&mufvm w,f? 'geJ@ t'J aD e&mrmS yJ ntyd vf udk &f awmwh ,?f 23

awmaumiyf wl ,f owxd m; t'J rD mS ntyd af wmrh ,qf rdk S rqk ;dk ausmf O;D av;}u;D w@dku owad y;pum; ajym vmygw,?f “nrmS &aJ bmaf wG taygth yg;omG ;&if wa,muwf n;f romG ;e@J? ta0; romG ;e@J? 'aD e&mu awmyedk uvf @dk awmaumif (usm;) aygw,”f w?hJ r=umcif &uyf idk ;f twiG ;f u 'aD e&mrmS trsKd ;or;D wa,muf usm;qcJG &H z;l w,?f “jynof @l &Jabmfu Akdvf rif;EG,f OD;pD;+yD; wyfzGJ@wzGJ@ 'Dae&mrSm ,m,Dpcef;cszl;w,f? wae@nae ae0if&D wa&m tcsdefrSm Akdvfrif;EG,f&J@ZeD;[m tjyifrSm tE;DS veS ;f xm;v@dk omG ;±yk f w,?f t'J rD mS æ trsKd;or;D atmof =Hum;v@dk Avdk rf i;f E,G uf vrS ;f =unvhf udk af wmh o@ltrsKd ;or;D udk usm;qoJG mG ;wm jrivf udk &f w,?f 'aD wmrh S tajctaetreS uf odk +dy;D aemuuf aoewef @Jvudk yf paf yr,hf r&vukd af wmbh ;l ? tavmi;f uadk wmif jyerf &ygb;l ”w?hJ usm;qwdk m vol m;wcg pm;z;l &if wjcm;traJ umif (om;aumi)f rsm;udk pdwfr0ifpm;awmhyJ vlukdyJ vkduf&Sm+yD; &efrl wwfw,f? (vlom;u yadk umi;f w,wf )hJ ? 'ga=umihf 'aD e&mw0udk rf mS usm;q;dk &@J &e[f m y}dku;D vmw,?f u|erf vn;f em;rvnwf mawuG dk ar;=unahf vvh m=unyhf gw,?f “usm;csD w,?f usm;qwJG ,qf wdk m vyl jJzpaf p/ w&d pm> ef (u|/J EmG ;/ 0u)f yjJzpaf p/ usm;u tay:u cek tf yk +fy;D awmh vnuf yk f o@dkr[wk f vnrf sKdudk uudk xf m;cxJ m;+y;D ool mG ; v&dk mudk qaJG c:omG ;wm? t'J aD wmh uudk cf xJ m;wmu emawmh usm;ac:wmudk ygomG ;&wm jzpwf ,?f 'vD edk @J o@lxu}fu;D whJ om;aumiaf wuG dk v&dk mqoJG mG ;wm”w?hJ rqk ;dk }u;D awuG &iS ;f jyygw,?f u|erf w@dk jrizf ;l wm em;vnwf mu yxJG ZJ mwxf rJ mS ‘a&z$ sO;f naD emi’f ZmwjfywthJ cg &uuf e;f pirf mS &uuf e;f &uaf ewhJ ‘r,Of ’udk usm;cswD m jrizf ;l ygw,f? r,fOukd a=umufatmif usm;u ajcmufvSef@awmh r,fOcrsm a=umu+fy;D xuG f tajy;rmS usm;u aemuuf vudk yf wk af wmh r,Of [m rajy;Eikd bf J vtJ omG ;rmS r,Of cg;rmS ywxf m;whJ cg;ywuf dk uudk +fy;D usm;u tm;&atmif upm;+y;D rS r,Of aoomG ; w,?f 'aD wmrh S usm;u r,Of &@J cg;ywuf dk uudk &f r;f +y;D o@lausmuek ;f ay: ypwf if vudk wf ,?f r,Of &@J tavmi;f [m usm;&@Jausmuek ;f ay:rmS uef@vef@jzwf tvkdufoifh av; wifrdoGm;awmhrS usm;[m um;=um;xJukd 0iof mG ;wm? 'gyJ jrizf ;l wmu;dk ? 24

t'J Dae@nu u|efrwkd@jzifh a=umufvkdufwm? rkd;jrefjrefvif;ygapvkd@yJ qak wmi;f rwd ,?f xri;f pm;+y;D a&vn;f rsm;rsm; raomu&f bJ ;l ? nx&rmS a=umuf v@dk? t'J nD u u|erf w@dk zxdk m;whJ r;D y}kHu;D [m awmaf wm}fu;D ygw,?f awmxrJ mS tyd &f if r;D ykH aumi;f aumi;f vyk &f w,?f (awmaumirf sm;[m r;D uadk =umuwf ,wf )hJ ? 'ga=umihf r;D zdk t}u;D }u;D z+dky;D r;D z}dku;D udk 0idk ;f +y;D tyd cf =hJuw,?f tm;v;kH ow&d &dS edS @J tyd cf =hJu&wmyg? aemuwf ae@ reuaf pmapm c&;D quxf uG cf whJ ,?f A[pdk ce;f u xuG vf m wm wywaf vmuf &odS mG ;yg+y?D &mG w&mG rS raw@Gao;ygb;l ? t'J aD e@ naermS awmh &mG w&mG udk paw@Gvudk &f yg+y?D &aJ bmaf wtG m;v;kH 0r;f omvudk =fuwm? &mG emrnuf ‘o;kH &mG qidk ’f w?hJ jyncf ±idk tf wiG ;f u &mG w&mG v@dk qydk gw,?f &mG rmS yJ tem;,zl @dk ajym+y;D u|erf w@dk 0g' jze@fcsad &;tz@JG wz@JGv;Hk udk trd }fu;D wtrd rf mS ae&mcsay;w,?f c&D;uvnf; yef;vm? nuvnf; aumif;aumif; rtdyf&Jvkd@ rtdyfcJh&awmh tdrf}uD;ay:vnf; a&mufa&m ykd;tdwfav;awG cs+yD; at;at;aq;aq; em;vudk =fuwm b,tf csed uf b,vf dk tyd af ysmf omG ;reS ;f awmif rovd udk yf gb;l ? tdyfaysmfoGm;ygw,f? “&Jabmfwkd@ x=uawmh-x=uawmh rkd;vnf;csKyf+yD xri;f xyk af wvG n;f p+kHy/D xri;f pm; =u&atmif &aJ bmwf @dka& x=uawm”h qwdk hJ toaH wG =um;&awmrh S E;dk vm+y;D x=u/ rsuEf mS opf =ue@J +y;D awmrh S xri;f pm; pm;ycJG akH b;rmS 0idk ;f xidk vf udk =fuw,?f ayguaf cgi;f 0utf al csmi;f xri;f uvn;f qmaeyg+y?D xri;f xyk }fu;D awuG vn;f t}u;D }u;D aw?G u,dk pf uD ,dk pf D xri;f xyk af wG ajzaeyg+y?D ajzv@dk t&iqf ;kH +y;D omG ;whJ &aJ bmuf 0r;f om tm;&e@J x+y;D “[mæ [i;f aumi;f w,af [?h [i;f aumi;f w,”f v@dk 0r;f omtm;& atmvf udk af wmh use&f aJ bmaf wG tm;v;kH uvn;f 0r;f omtm;&e@J 0idk ;f +y;D “bm[i;f væJ [iæf bm[i;f v”J v@dk 0idk ;f +y;D tavmw}u;D ar;vudk wf ,?f yxr&aJ bmuf o@lxri;f xyk xf uJ [i;f udk vuef @Jajrm‡ u+fy;D “0utf al csmi;f Asæ [;D [;D 0utf l acsmi;f / 0utf al csmi;f a=umxf m;wm 'rD mS =unyfh gvm;”v@dkajymvn;f ajym vuuf vn;f ajrm‡ uf ajrm‡ uf jyaew,?f “[mæ [wk yf g&@J? a=umxf m;wm &aJ ewmy”J v@dk tcsi;f csi;f ajym=u ygw,f? u|efrvnf; pum;ajym&if;eJ@ ukd,fhxrif;xkyfukd tjrefajzaerdw,f? 25

“tr,f av;æ 0r;f omvukd wf mæ u|erf qrD mS vn;f 0utf al csmi;f a=umf e&D &J J 4 acsmif; awmif ygw,f” awmfvSefa&;xJa&mufrS 0ufom;/ trJom;/ ig;- 'gawtG m;v;kH pm;&w,?f 0utf al csmi;f uawmh wcgrS rpm;&b;l ? [euf swmy?J usewf hJ &aJ bmf 4-5 a,muvf n;f 0utf al csmi;f a=umaf wyG ?J “uæJ uæJ usewf hJ &aJ bmaf wvG n;f r#pm;=uwmayg”h v@dk yxr&aJ bmuf ajymvudk +fy;D ajymajymqqdk edk @J 0utf al csmi;f wacsmi;f udk yg;pyxf J x;dk xnvhf udk wf ,?f c%aeawmh “tm;æ yg;yg;”v@dk atmvf udk of =Hum;v@dk o@lu=dkunvhf udk af wmh yg;pyuf dk r&hJ xJG m;+y;D rsuvf ;kH udk twi;f rwdS xf m;ygw,?f “a[ah umif ta&;xJ aemuaf wmuaf wmuf vyk jfyraee@J? ri;f [mudk b,of rl S ,rl pm;b;l ” “ræ ræ r[wk yf gb;l u?G igraemuyf gb;l ? ri;f wacsmi;f pm;=unyfh g? a&m”h o@lxri;f xyk xf uJ 0utf al csmi;f wacsmi;f ukd ,al y;aeygw,?f 'wk ,d &aJ bmuf vrS ;f ,wl +hJy;D pm;vudk &f i;f “tvmævmæ vm ” vyk jfye+fyD wa,muuf ? “bmjzpf wmv”J tm;v;kH u 0idk ;f ar;rS tajzreS f o=du&awmwh ,?f “tr,af v; csOvf @dkæ csOvf @dk? oyd cf sOf wmæ”w?hJ “[,æf 0utf al csmi;f ygq?dk csO&f owvhJ m;” “at;ygæ ta=umi;f oad tmif pm;=un/f h pm;=un”hf 'ge@J u|erf tyg usewf hJ &aJ bmf 2-3 a,muvf n;f pm;=un=hfuygw,?f rpm;cif u|erf 0utf al csmi;f udk aoaocsmcsm =unvhf udk yf gw,?f a&eqH D r;D wikd f atmuf rSm vufn‡dK;avmufwkwf+yD; wn‡dKavmufeD;yg;&SdwhJ 0uftlacsmif; 4 acsmi;f [m eD &aJ eatmif a=umxf m;wm pm;csipf z,G ?f u|erf w@dkudk vu,f yf ac:aeoa,miaf ,mi?f u|erf w@dku owl @dk 2 a,muvf dk tm;yg;w& wacsmi;f v;kH x;dk xnvhf udk wf m r[wk yf gb;l ? 0utf al csmi;f wacsmi;f udk ,+ly;D tzsm;xyd f uav; uodk m uudk pf m; vudk wf myg? “ti;f æ [wk yf g&@J? csOcf sOf pypf yaf v;aem”f u|erf u t'J vD dk ajymvudk af wmh tm;v;kH u 0idk ;f &,vf udk =fuygw,?f [wk yf gw,?f u|erf uawmh 'vD dk csOcf sOpf ypf yaf v;udk }uKduyf g w,?f [dk &aJ bmf 2 a,muuf ±@H_±@H_rrhJ @Je@J qu0f g;aevudk wf m *avmuf *avmuef @J t±;dk udk uudk rf wd thJ orH sKd; =um;vudk &f v@dk owl @dk 2 a,muuf dk 0idk ;f =unhf tucJ wf ae=uw,?f c% aeawmh t'J tD ±;dk udk =ur;f jyiaf y: ax;G csvudk wf m ‘a'gu’f ueJ to=Hum;&v@dk omG ;=unvhf udk af wmh “[,æf reuf sn;f apyh ?J reuf sn;f ap”h [wk yf g w,?f r;D a&miaf tmurf mS ta&mif 26

wvuvf uef @J rn;f aewhJ reuf sn;f apuh dk aw@Gvudk &f ygw,?f “a=omæf vupf owf awmh 'vD udk ;dk ? reuf sn;f o;D rnS uhf dk tawmivhf udk f a=umf xm;wmu;dk ” ti;f rq;dk ygb;l ? 'gvn;f [i;f wrsKd ;ayg?h awmxrJ mS pm;&whJ [i;f xuf trsm; }u;D aumi;f ygw,vf @dk tcsi;f csi;f ajym+y;D &,vf udk rf =duao;w,?f u|erf u awmh '[D i;f ukd }uKd uyf gw,?f aemuaf wmh u|erf w@dktm;v;kH oabmwl '[D i;f udk “ayguaf cgi;f 0uf tal csmi;f ”v@dk trnaf y;xm;vudk yf gw,?f vmjye+fyD aemuwf rsKd ; u|erf w@dk xri;f pm;aewek ;f trd &f iS f O;D av;}u;D u xri;f 0idk ;f udk vm=un+hfy;D “[iæf bm[i;f &nrf vS n;f rygb;l ? ajcmuuf yuf y}fu;D ? jzn;f jzn;f pm; jzn;f jzn;f pm;? usKy[f i;f &nf vyk vf udk Of ;D r,”f q+dky;D ajymajymqqdk dk \"m;quJG m r;D zxdk J 0iof mG ;v@dk tm;v;kH vn;f jzn;f jzn;f yJ pm;aevudk =fuw,?f watmiahf vmu&f adS wmæh [i;f aomuyf e;f ue}fu;D uidk xf uG vf mw,?f “uidk ;f - jzn;f jzn;f pm;=u? '[D i;f &nuf ‘uek ;f a=umi;f [i;f csKd ’v@dk ac:w,?f aomu=fun”hf w?hJ aomu=funahf wmh csKd csOf &nyf ?J tpyvf n;f en;f en;f ygw,?f [i;f cuG xf J =unvhf udk af wmh reuf sn;f rnS hf vuf wqpaf vmuf 2-3 jzw?f i±wk of ;D prd ;f udk yg;yg;v;DS xnxhf m;w,?f =uuof eG ef D O}u;D }u;D uvkd n;f yg;yg;v;DS xnxhf m;w,?f +y;D awmh csi;f prd ;f e@J =uuof eG jfzL en;f en;f ukd \"m;jym; ±kdufxnfh xm;w,f? a&at;xJ qm;xnfh+yD; tJ'gawGeJ@ a&mar$xm;wmrkd@ at;vnf;at; ar$;vnf; ar$;w,f? aEG&moDe@J ukdufnDwJh [i;f wcuG vf @dk q&dk rmS y?J '‘D o;kH &mG qidk ’f rmS 3 &uaf vmuf em;vudk yf gw,?f aeraumi;f whJ &aJ bmf wcsKd@[m aq;vn;f u/k tem;vn;f &awmh awmaf wmaf v; tm;jyn@fvm=uw,?f u|erf w@dk ajcaxmuaf yguf (c&;D =ur;f v@dk ajcaxmurf mS r;D avmizf vk dk tzak wG ayguf +y;D vr;f aumi;f aumi;f rav#muEf idk )f whJ &aJ bmaf wvG n;f tem;& aq;xn=hfu&v@dk tajctae tawmaf umi;f vmw,?f t'J rD mS tpn;f ta0;xidk f jzp=fuao;w,?f c&;D [m tpyJ &adS o;w,?f ueG zf &ihf usi;f yr,hf ae&mudk a&muzf @dk awmaf wmvf adk o; w,?f tcck &;D [m o;kH ywkH yakH wmif ra&muaf o;b;l ? ta=umi;f trsKd ;rsKd ;a=umihf c&;D quf rvudk Ef idk wf hJ &aJ bmrf sm; &&dS if wijfyz@dk tpn;f ta0;rmS awmi;f qydk gw,?f 'aD e&m[m taemuyf idk ;f widk ;f a'o jzpvf @dk widk ;f aumrf wwD m0ecf H &aJ bmf (O;D )a,m 27

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tveS f wudk yf gw,)f ? aemuf wem&aD vmu=fumawmh owi;f wck jyeaf &muf vmygw,?f u|erf w@dkquD KNUwyzf @JGquD dk aumrf wwD z@JG vw$ +fy;D csO;f uyyf gw,?f c&;D xuG vf m whJ ta=umi;f &i;f uvdk n;f wijfyygw,?f KNU tz@JGu acgi;f aqmi[f m azmaf &G pmG vucf }HuKdqydk gw,?f (t&iuf 'aD cgi;f aqmi[f m awmaf wmaf cgi;f rm ojlzpwf ,?f trnf rrwS rf ad wmyh g)? oul “tcutf cJ &&dS iaf wmif unl aD y;ygrh ,”f v@dk ajymyg w,?f aus;Z;l trsm;}u;D wiyf gw,?f 'ge@J ygwuD vn;f aus;Z;l wif 0r;f ajrmu af =umi;f e@J *%k jfyKwthJ aee@J t'J nD rmS yuJG z@dk tptD pOf vyk yf gw,?f (owl @dkbuuf bmawmi;f qrdk r_ S r&ydS gb;l ? u|erf w@dkbuuf aus;Z;l wivf @dk ±;dk om;pmG wiqf uf ujyjci;f jzpwf ,)f ? n 6 em&rD mS ypJG w,?f ytJG ptD pOuf awmh a&c$ sKd ;jzLatmyf &m/ wyiwf idk tf u/ ar;G rcd if w@dkjzpyf gw,?f zwd af c:xm;wthJ widk ;f KNUwyzf @JGu yvJG m =unfhygw,f? yGJcif;wckvHk; pdrf;ndK@aewmygyJ? olwkd@&JabmfawGa&m/ u|efrwkd@ &aJ bmaf wyG g awmaf wmaf ysmyf gw,?f (wyiwf idk tf uudk u|erf wcgrS rub;l yg? 'gayr,hf wm0euf svmawmh u|erf }uKd ;pm; ucwhJ ,)f ? +ird ;f csr;f a&; csKd ;jzLqD vuuf r;f um }uKd qrdk nf tcsed uf r&adS wmvh @dk tuwudk &f evf n;f rv,G yf g? 'ga=umihf yrJG pcif u&r,hf ocD si;f udk w;D 0idk ;f u ppkH vkH ivf if EpS }furd f w;D jyygw,?f (tcuk &r,hf ocD si;f u u|erf &+y;D om;vn;f jzpf em;,O+fy;D om;vn;f jzpyf gw,)f ? w;D wthJ cg em;axmi+fy;D uuuG af wuG dk u,dk bhf mom pO;f pm;+y;D xn=hfunyhf gw,?f 'ge@Jnusawmh u=unhf ygw,?f tqiaf jyaumi;f yg&@Jv@dkyJ pwd uf dk ';kH ';kH csxm;vudk wf ,?f ocD si;f u “vil ,”f qwdk hJ ocD si;f yg? 'oD cD si;f udk (Auo OuÏU a[mi;f &aJ bmcf iaf rmi}f u;D ) Eidk if jH cm; ynmawmof if romG ;cif pycf whJ myg? o[l m 1975 rmS Armjynuf eG jfrLepyf gw&D @J 'Ok uÏU jzpvf mygw,?f 1985 ygwD ww,d t}urd f ueG *f &u+fy;D omG ;wthJ cgrmS &aJ bmf ciaf rmi}fu;D [m A[adk umrf wD twiG ;f a&;r;ª rsm;tz@JG&@J twiG ;f a&;r;ª e@J ygwAD [dk aumf rwD taxaG xG twiG ;f a&;r;ª jzpvf mygw,?f 1992ck Armjynuf eG jfrLepyf gwD A[dk pn;f ±;kH a&;aumrf wD ay:vmwthJ cg tjcm;A[adk umrf wD acgi;f aqmirf sm;en;f wl ygweD m,u aumrf w0D if jzpvf mygw,?f 2006ck ZeG vf wiG f q;D uswd uf iqf mjzihf uG, fvGef oGm;cJhw,f? ol[m zufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&;/ t*FvdyfukdvkdeD vuaf tmuf u widk ;f jynvf wG af jrmuaf &;rsm;wiG f yg0ivf y_ &f mS ;c+hJy;D aemirf mS 29

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toH}uD; jrnf [nf;wkefcg oGm;ygw,f? r¾yfxJukd rD;ckd;vHk;}uD;wck vSdrfh0ifvmygw,f? bmrS rjrif& awmhbl;? atmfoHqloHawGyJ em;xJrSm =um;ae&w,f? rdbawGu om;orD;awGudk ac:wJhtoH/ uav;i,fawGu a=umuvf e@fwek &f pD mG rbd udk ac:whJ toaH wG uiG ;f wcvk ;kH vr$ ;f aew,?f u|erf vn;f a=umutf m;ve@ftm;e@J ajcO;D wnhf &m ajy;aewmæ “a[;æ =unaf v;æ =unaf v;æ 'uD vdk m 'uD vdk m/ t'J vD dk ajy;rae &b;l ”v@dk atmof =Hum;v@dk &y+fy;D =un@fvudk af wmh u|erf &@J nmbuaf b; rvrS ;f rur;f rmS u|erf w@dk&@J acgi;f aqmi}fu;D ociZf i?f o@lab;rmS a'ocH &aJ bmaf wG tyg t0if &aJ bmtf csKd@e@J &y+fy;D av,mOtf ajctaeudk tucJ waf ew,?f “vmæ vmæ 'uD vdk mæ 'gavmu}fu;D ra=umuyf ge@J”v@dk ajymaev@dk u|erf vn;f o@lab;rmS oGm;+yD; &yfae ygw,f? “OD;a&$rSnfheJ@ usefwJh &JabmfawGaum”vkd@ u|efrukd ar;ygw,f? “rod awmhbl;? u|efrvnf; ajcOD;wnfh&mukd ajy;vmwmyJ”vkd@ ajymvudk yf gw,?f “tc[k mu A;kH cs+y;D omG ;+y?D 'wD cg jyevf nS vhf m&iaf wmh puaf oewef @J ypEf idk wf ,?f av,mOuf dk =unahf e? ab;udk apmi;f wmjri&f if a[m'uD si;f uav;xJ 0yvf udk ?f puaf oewyf pwf ,qf wdk m ajr}u;D ay:rmS 0yaf e&iaf wmif vwG wf m? x, rajy;&b;l ? A;kH uawmh b,ef m;aeae u,kd thf ay: wnwhf nuhf srS aowm”v@dk r a=umuf atmi/f tE &W m,uf i;f atmif a&mS ief n;f awuG dk &iS ;f jyaeygw,?f u|erf vn;f a=umupf wd f en;f en;f awmh ajyvmygw,?f ajym&i;f q&dk i;f av,mOuf vnS vhf mjyewf ,?f “a[m apmi;f +yD apmi;f +y?D puaf oewyf paf wmrh ,?f usi;f x0J y?f acgi;f raxmief @J”v@dkajymaewek ;f 'u'f uæf 'u'f uæf e@J cck rH ,ohf l r&vdS @dk prd af jyeajy ypvf @dkaeygw,?f awmaf wm=fumawmh a0gueJ yswH uof mG ;jyewf ,?f (u|ef r uav;b0u 'wk ,d urmB pptf wiG ;f rS tjzptf ysuaf wuG dk jyeaf jymi;f ow&d aerwd ,)f ? “&aJ bmwf @dk 'vD adk ev@dkawmh rjzpbf ;l ? vxl uk dk xed ;f O;D rS &r,?f av,mOuf apmi;f vm&if a&muwf ahJ e&mrmS vcJS s 0yaf ez@dk ajymyg? x, rajy;e@Jv@dk tjreof mG ; atmf ajymvudk yf g? xcd udk f epef mra_ wG rsm;uek af wmrh mS y”J v@dk p;dk &rd pf mG e@J quaf jym&i;f oul ,dk wf idk vf n;f vxl ak w&G &dS m (e;D py&f m val w)G udk omG ;a&muf tm;ay;&i;f “puf aoewf yp&f if b,vf adk e&r,”f qwdk hJ en;f emawuG dk vudk af jymjyaeygw,?f 40

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