সাহিত্যপাঠ একাদশ-দ্বাদশ শ্রেণি

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gvbly 153 AveŸv| nvmcvZvj †_‡K †dvb K‡iwQj| dwi`| Rywj, Avgvi Kv‡Q Avq| fq cvm †b, AveŸvRvb‡K Agwb _vK‡Z †`! (Av¤§vRvb †ewi‡q Av‡mb| gkvwi Zjz ‡Z _v‡Kb|) dwi`| Av¤§v! G †K? †jvKUv| Avgvq ejQ fvB? Avwg gvbyl (Av¤§v‡K) †QvU †LvKvi Avi †Kv‡bv fq †bB gv| †`Lby †Lj‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| †LvKv‡K Avwg †`LwQ| Avcwb (AveŸvi w`‡K Bw½Z K‡i) Iu‡K †`Lby | (Ry‡jLv ZLb dwi‡`i e‡y K gv_v †i‡L WzK‡i Kuv`‡Q| AveŸvRvb †Zgwb `uvwo‡q i‡q‡Qb, †Pv‡L Db¥v‡`i `w„ ó! Av¤§vRv‡bi kvšÍ Kv‡jv †PvL AveŸvi gy‡Li Ici b¨¯Í| GKUz GKUz K‡i Zv cvwb‡Z f‡i D‡V‡Q| †jvKUv †QvU †LvKvi gy‡Li Ici Su‡z K c‡o Ii Kcv‡j nvZ iv‡L| g Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í AÜKvi n‡Z _v‡K I ax‡i ax‡i c`©v †b‡g Av‡m|) (h e wb Kv) kãv_© I UxKv e‡›` gvZig − gv‡K (†`kgvZv‡K) e›`bv Kwi| ew¼gP›`ª iwPZ †`kvZ¥‡evaK msMxZaŸwb| Avjøvû AvKei − Avjøvn me©‡kÖô| elx©qmx AwZkq eׄ v| ciy ælevPKi~c elx©qvb| − kvwãK A_© wek¦vm| Avjøvni GKZ¡ I gnvbwe nRiZ gynv¤§` (mv) Avjøvni Bgvb − †cÖwiZ cyiælÑ GB wek¦vmB g~jZ GKRb gymjgv‡bi Bgvb| jv‡qK bq Ggb| AcÖvßeq¯‹| Abcy h³y | ev”Pv| bvjv‡qK − AnsKvi| Me©| †`gvK − fvM¨| ZKw`i − `v½v| gvivgvwi| riot ivqU − Abgy vb| Av›`vR| Vvni − cÖvPxb I m¤£všÍ| e‡bw` − mwy ePvi| b¨vq| b¨vqwePvi| Bbmvd − gvbwmKfv‡e fvimvg¨nxb| AcÖK…wZ¯’ − cvcx| ¸bvn&Mvi − ZQbQ| G‡jv‡g‡jv| wech©¯Í| jÐfÐ − cvV-cwiwPwZ evsjv‡`‡ki AvaywbK bvU¨mvwn‡Z¨i c‡y ivav-e¨w³Z¡ kwn` gby xi †PŠayixi GKvw¼Kv ÒgvbylÓ Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi GK D¾¦j wkíiƒc| gvby‡li †gŠwjK gvbweK †PZbv `qv-gvqv-ggZv-†cÖg-cÖxwZ-fv‡jvevmv BZ¨vw` †h RvwZ-ag©-e‡Y©i A‡bK Ic‡i w¯’ZÑ GB †gŠj mZ¨wU‡K bvU¨Kvi GKwU `v½v KewjZ kn‡i GKwU cwiev‡ii wPÎv¼‡bi gva¨‡g Awfe¨w³ w`‡q‡Qb| mv¤úª`vwqK `v½v KewjZ kn‡i cwiw¯’wZi Pv‡c I cÖwZwµqvq ag©cÖeY gvby‡li g‡bI Kxfv‡e agx©q Db¥ËZvi mw„ ó nq Ges mvgwqKfv‡e n‡jI gb mv¤úª`vwqKZvi welev‡®ú Av”Qbœ n‡q c‡o Zvi D`vniY bvU‡Ki PwiÎÑ AveŸv, dwi` I GjvKvi †jvKRb| Ab¨w`‡K agx©q Db¥ËZvi g‡a¨I †h †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv gvby‡li gb gvbeZv‡eva I ïfeyw× nvivq bv Zvi D¾¦j `ó„ všÍ bvU‡K ewY©Z Av¤§v I ZiæY Wv³v‡ii PwiÎ| bvUKwUi cvV †kl n‡j cvV‡Ki gb cY~ © nq Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvq| agx©q AÜ Av‡µvk Qvwc‡q gvby‡li gwngvB eo n‡q D‡V‡Q GKvw¼KvwU‡Z|

154 mvwnZ¨ cvV eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. ÔAvcwb AZ D‡ËwRZ n‡eb bvÕ −Dw³wU Kvi? K. AveŸvi L. Av¤§vi M. dwi‡`i N. Ry‡jLvi 2. Ô†Zviv g‡i †MwQm, †Zviv Pzc K‡i _vK| †Zviv Ii fvB bq, †evb bqÕ −AveŸvi GB wejv‡c cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q− i. Amv¤úª`vwqKZv ii. cy·¯œ‡ni Db¥ËZv iii. mšÍvb evrmj¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU wVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii KweZvskwU c‡o 3 I 4 msL¨K cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| Rvwbm bvwK ag© †m †h eg©mg mnbkxj Zv‡K wK fvB fvO‡Z cv‡i †Qvu qvQwyu qi †QvÆ wXj! 3. KweZvs‡k Ôgvbly Õ GKvw¼Kvi †h w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv− i. Amv¤úª`vwqKZv ii. a‡g©i D`viZv iii. D`vi gvbweKZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU wVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 4. D³ fv‡ei ga¨ w`‡q †Kvb wkÿv MÖnY Kiv hvq? K. eY©‰elg¨ bv Kiv L. gbly ¨‡Z¡i g~j¨vqb Kiv M. Av‡Z©i †mev Kiv N. Amnvq‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv m„Rbkxj cÖkœ Amnvq RvwZ gwi‡Q Wwz eqv Rv‡b bv mšÍiY, KvÐvwi! AvR †`wLe †Zvgvi gvZ…gyw³ cY| Ôwn›`y bv Iiv gymwjg?Õ IB wRÁv‡m †Kvb Rb? KvÐvwi! ej Wzwe‡Q gvbly , mšÍvb †gvi gvi| K. ÔgvbylÕ GKvw¼Kvq Kvi †Kv‡bv fq †bB? L. AveŸvi Ò†PvL gLy nVvr wkwU‡q cv_‡ii g~wZ©i g‡Zv wb_i n‡q †MjÓ− †Kb? M. KweZvs‡ki †kl `yB Pi‡Y ÔgvbylÕ GKvw¼Kvi †h fv‡ei ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| N. D³ †PZbvB Mo‡Z cv‡i gvbweK g~j¨‡evam¤úbœ myLx-mg„× cw„ _exÕ− Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki|

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156 mvwnZ¨ cvV wKš‘ Muv‡qi nvIqv eo A¯^w¯Í †eva K‡i| ey‡oviv Avgj bv †`qvi fvb K‡i, wS eD gvZvwiiv Mv‡j nvZ jvwM‡q AevK n‡q _v‡K, Avi †Rvqvb‡`i †Kej †PvL UvUvq| Iiv hLb nvjKv Lwy k‡Z gv‡V gv‡V Q‡z UvQwz U K‡i †n‡m †n‡m jy‡Uvcwy U Lvq, I‡`i wPšÍvwK¬ó g‡b ZLb †Kgb Cl©vi R¡vjv jv‡M| g‡b g‡b e‡j : meiy , bvgyK bv †`qvB! †`L‡ev ZLb G‡Zv dwy Z© †Kv_vq _v‡K! ey‡ov mLvbv_ GKw`b I‡`i cvk KvwU‡q †h‡Z †h‡Z †kv‡b, `Ë †PŠayixi †g‡q ej‡Q : Avnv AviI wKQKz vj hw` Ggwb _v‡K! RvgvB evey Avi w`w` G‡j AviI gRv K‡i †eov‡bv hv‡e| K_vUv ï‡b mLvbv‡_i †Kgb Lvivc jv‡M| ¯úó K_v ejv Zvi ¯^fve, ZvB nVvr Ny‡i `uvwo‡q e‡j : wQt wQt KI Kx me©bvk¨v KZv! `Ë †PŠaiy xi †g‡q åæ †KvPKvq| gyL jvj n‡q I‡V| Gevi mLvbv_ GKUz nv‡m| `ycv GwM‡q G‡m Avevi e‡j : wQt bv, Agb KZv KB‡Z bvB| Liv _vK‡j †Zvgv‡Mv fv‡jv eB wK! wKš‘ †gv‡Mv †h me©bvk| Rj bv AB‡j fvÏiBqv dmj †h cvgy bv| Abmq~ v ev‡` Ab¨ mevB Zvi K_v ï‡b †n‡m I‡V| Abmq~ v wbPz ¯^‡i fZ… ¨‡K ïavq, †K †i †jvKUv! fvwi Af`ªZv| Mv‡q c‡o K_v ej‡Z Av‡m| : mLvbv_, Muv‡qi Pvwl‡`i gvZei| : gvZei Kx? : gv‡b †gvoj| : A ZvB †hLv‡b †mLv‡bÑ : K_v¸wj meB mLvbv‡_i Kv‡b hvq| Af`ª eBwK−Zvi IB e³‡e¨i Avov‡j †h Kvbœv Zv I‡`i Kv‡b †cuŠQvqwb| Iiv Rwg`vi, I‡`i myL-`ty L nvwm-Kvbœvi m‡½ Zv‡`i Avmgvb-Rwgb dvivK| Iiv GK RvZ Zviv Ab¨| Zv‡`i me©bv‡kB †Zv I‡`i †cŠlgvm| GB †Zv ixwZ| wKš‘ mLvbv‡_i †Q‡j igvbv_ ev‡ci gy‡L NUbvUv ï‡b P‡U DV‡jv| B‡”Q n‡jv, ZLwy b Qz‡U wM‡q `y‡Uv K_v ïwb‡q w`‡q Av‡m| wKš‘ wbi¯¿ Kij mLvbv_ : iv‡Mi wKQz bvB †i, Agb Iiv e‡jB| Abm~qv evwo wd‡i evc‡K NUbvUv Rvbvq : †`‡Lv †Zv Kx Av¯úa©v| ØvwiKvbv_ ej‡jb : û| wZwb AviI A‡bK ï‡b‡Qb mLvbv‡_i K_v| GLb bvwK mLvbv‡_iB gvZewi : IiB †bZ‡… Z¡ mK‡jiB eo evo †e‡o‡Q| cvBK-†cqv`v LvRbv PvB‡Z †M‡j Dj‡U agKw`‡q nvu wK‡q †`q; cvB bv †L‡Z, LvRbv †`‡ev †Kv‡Ì‡K? Rwg`vi‡K bvwK Iiv MÖv‡n¨i g‡a¨B †bq bv AvRKvj| †Mj gv‡N Kgy¨wb÷iv bv Kviv †hb G‡mwQj, Zviv mLvbv‡_i Kv‡b †h gš¿Yv †X‡j †M‡Q, Gme ZviB dj| GB †Zv cÖvq mßvnLv‡bK n‡jv †`‡k G‡m‡Qb wZwb, A_P GKUv cÖRv‡KI KvPvwi‡Z †PŠKvV gvov‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q bv| w`bKvj Lvivc, ZvB Nvu Uv‡Z mvnm K‡ib bv ØvwiKvbv_| bB‡j− wKš‘ †kl ch©šÍ Zvu ‡K ivM‡ZB n‡jv| GZw`b MÖv‡g G‡m‡Qb A_P GKUv cÖRvI †mjvg VKz ‡Z G‡jv bv, e¨vcviLvbv Kx? Lei w`‡jI †h †KD Av‡m bv| †g‡qi we‡q wVK K‡i‡Qb GB ˆR¨‡ô, GLb KZ †jvKRb †RvMvo `iKvi−

†gŠmyg 157 ZvB mLvbv_‡K Lei cvwV‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zvi †Q‡j bvwK gvigy‡L n‡q cvBK‡K nvu wK‡q w`‡q‡Q, e‡j‡Q : AvKv‡ji w`‡b Avgiv bv †L‡q g‡iwQ, Avi †Zvgvi KZ©vgkvB ZLb GLv‡bi Pvj kn‡i wb‡q e¨emv K‡i‡Qb| Avgv‡`i Ae¯’vUv GKevi P‡ÿI †`L‡Z Av‡mbwb| †h Rwg`vi cÖRvcvjK n‡Z cv‡i, †Zgb †Zvgv‡`i gwbe bq| AvR `vq c‡o‡Q ZvB WvK‡Z G‡mQ, wKš‘ Zvu ‡K e‡jv‡M evc,y Rwg`vi hLb Avgv‡`i Rv‡bwb, AvgivI Zvu ‡K wPwb bv| ï‡b Av¸b n‡q DV‡jb ØvwiKvbv_| †h K‡i †nvK I‡`i kv‡q¯Ív Kievi GKUv `y`©g B”Qv n‡qwQj| Ni evwo R¡vwj‡q cwy o‡q A_ev evwK LvRbvi `v‡q wbjvg K‡i Zvwo‡q w`‡j †K Kx Ki‡Z cvi‡e Zvu i! wKš‘ wb‡la Kij bv‡qe : bv KZ©v, gvgjv Uvgjv ev gvivgvwi K‡i mwy e‡a n‡e bv| †cQ‡b ¯^‡`wkIqvjviv i‡q‡Q, †`L‡Qb bv †Kgb m›y `i `j cvwK‡q‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î Pcz K‡i fwel¨‡Zi A‡cÿvq _vKvB fv‡jv, bB‡j e¨vcvi A‡bK `~i Mov‡e| mviv evsjv‡`‡k cÖRv‡ÿcv‡bv KvÐKviLvbv¸wj ¯§iY K‡i ØvwiKvbv_ †kl ch©šÍ AcgvbUv nRg K‡iB wb‡jb| gvbyl †Zv bq, Avw`g ee©i Iiv, GKevi †ÿwc‡q w`‡j †K ej‡Z cv‡i Kx K‡i e‡m! Z‡e Rã mLvbv_‡`i Kiv PvB-B| Z‡e GKUz meiy , †g‡qi we‡qUv †Zv fv‡jvq fv‡jvq n‡q hvK| ¯^‡`wkIqvjviv K_v ï‡b †ivgv‡Ýi MÜ cvq evsjv wdj¥ †`Lv Abm~qv| RbvwšÍ‡K bv‡qe‡K ïavq− ¯^‡`wkIqvjv‡`i K_v †hb Kx ejwQ‡jb KvKveve,y GLv‡bI Av‡Q| : Av‡Q eB Kx! : wjWvi †K Zv‡`i? : Avi wjWv‡ii K_v wR‡M¨m Ki‡Qv, †m †Kv‡bv fÏi‡jvK bq, H mLvbv_ Avi Zvi †Q‡j eªþbv_B I‡`i wjWvi| : I! nZvk n‡q c‡o Abmq~ v| Gw`‡K ˆekv‡Li cÖ_g mßvnUvI Abvew„ ó‡Z †K‡U hvq| me©Î Lv Lv K‡i ﮋZvq| Ae‡k‡l GKw`b we‡K‡j †Rvi nvIqv w`j nVvr| K‡qKUv w`b Amn¨ ¸‡gvU wQj| Mv‡Qi cvZvwU ch©šÍ w¯’i| AvKv‡kI wQj bv Zxeª †iŠ`ª XvKv GK †duvUv †gN| `viæY MÖx‡®§ hLb Pvwiw`K Aw¯’i, †mB mgq nVvr GKw`b nvIqv G‡jv| Avi m‡½ m‡½ `wÿY †_‡K †`L‡Z †`L‡Z cyÄ cÄy †gN G‡jv Zvi a~mi cvj Dwo‡q| Pvwl‡`i eyK Avkvq †Ku‡c I‡V| AvKv‡ki w`‡K †P‡q ÔAvjøvÕ ÔAvjøvÕ K‡i| fMevb eywS ï‡b‡Qb Kvbœv| µgvMZ `wy `b a‡i †mB nvIqv Zxeª‡e‡M eB‡Z _v‡K| bZzb Av‡gi gKy zj D‡o †Mj w`K n‡Z w`MšÍ‡i| Avi †mB nvIqvi mv‡_ cvjøv w`j †gN| ¸iæ ¸iæ K‡i Zv‡`i †m Kx WvKvWvwK Avi gv‡S gv‡S weRwj †R¦‡j diKvwb! †k‡l bvgj Rj| SiSi K‡i †hb AvKvk †f‡O coj| Rj DVj †ÿ‡Z gv‡V| †g‡Ni Wv‡K Lvjwej †Q‡o I‡V, G‡jv n‡iK iKg gvQ| †ivR ivw·ejv †ÿ‡Z †ÿ‡Z gkvj †R¦‡j gvQ aivi agy c‡o †Mj| Mfxi iv‡Î AÜKvi gv‡V gkvj †R¡‡j †mB mg¯Í Qvqvgw~ Z©‡K hLb Rvbjv L‡y j †`LZ Abm~qv, ØvwiKvbv_ ag‡K DV‡Zb : Rvbjv eÜ K‡i `vI Ab,y VvÛv jvM‡e| G‡Zv G‡Kev‡i mvM‡ii †bvbv nvIqv, jvM‡jB mw`©‡Z co‡e| Abmq~ v AMZ¨v ï‡q Mvb aiZ wKsev Ly‡j coZ Dcb¨vm|

158 mvwnZ¨ cvV hvB e‡j _vKzK, ØvwiKvbv_ †f‡ewQ‡jb mLvbv_ †kl ch©šÍ Avm‡eB; wKš‘ †Zgb †Kv‡bv jÿY bv †`‡L †k‡l wb‡RB GKw`b †e‡iv‡jb| Awewk¨ GQvov †e‡ivevi Ab¨ GK KviY wQj| g¨vwR‡÷ªU evnv`iy Zuv‡K GK e¨w³MZ wPwV wj‡L Rvb‡Z †P‡q‡Qb : ïb‡Z †cjvg †Zvgv‡`i GjvKvq Abœvfve ïiæ n‡q‡Q, mwZ¨ wK bv RvbvI †Zv| Gi DËi N‡i e‡m wj‡L w`‡jB PjZ| wKš‘ Zey MÖvgUv GKUz N‡y i †`Levi B‡”Q n‡jv ØvwiKvbv‡_i| Abm~qv m½x n‡jv| wKš‘ KB? †ÿ‡Z †ÿ‡Z Pvwliv †h Mvb †M‡q nvj Pl‡Q! mK‡jiB gyL nvwmLwy k| †hb bZbz K‡i Rxeb †c‡q‡Q me| me `ywðšÍv D‡o †M‡Q| e¨vcvi Kx, Pv‡ji `i †Zv mwZ¨ mwZ¨ wÎk UvKvq †cŠ‡u Q‡Q, G Ae¯’vq Ggb †Zv nevi K_v bq| †LuvR wb‡jb, N‡i †LvivwK †i‡L‡Q wK bv| wKš‘ ZvI †Zv bq| N‡y i N‡y i †k‡l G‡jb mLvbv‡_i evwo| mLvbv_ †Kv_vq emv‡e, Kx K‡i mgv`i Ki‡e †f‡e AvKzj| Abmq~ v †M‡jv, A›`‡i| ØvwiKvbv_ wR‡M¨m Ki‡jb : Kx Lei mLvbv_, †Zvgvi †h †`Lv cvIqvB fvi! : AvBÁv gwiP‡ÿZ jBqv eo e¨¯Í wQjvg, ZvQvov gv_vq †gŠm‡y gi `wy ðšÍv, fvejvg hvB ax‡i my‡¯’Ñ : û! Zv †Kgb KvUv”Q AvRKvj? : AvBÁv, Avcbvi Avkxe©v‡` fv‡jvB! K_vUv nvZ KP‡j ej‡j e‡U mLvbv_, wKš‘ ØvwiKvbv_ †hb †Kgb e¨‡½i MÜ cvb| G‡K MZ L›` fv‡jv nqwb, Zvi Ici Gev‡i Pv‡ji `i wÎk UvKv, mLvbv‡_i †Zv †Zgb Ae¯’v bq †h G Ae¯’v‡ZB fv‡jv _vK‡e| Zey bv `‡g Avevi ïavb : ï‡bwQjvg, mK‡jiB bvwK Lye Afve hv‡”Q, wKš‘ KB, dwz Z©‡ZB †Zv AvQ mevB| †mevi AvKvjUv nVvr G‡jv wK bv, ZvB mvgjv‡Z mwZ¨ †eM †c‡qQ, Gevi Avi †Zgb Ae¯’v n‡e bv, Kx ej? cvb`v‡b K‡i cvb wb‡q G‡jv, mLvbv_ ZvB evwo‡q w`‡q e‡j : K¨vg‡b KB, gv_vi Dc‡i Avcbviv| †Zgb Ae¯’v bv nIqv, evu Pv-givi mwe †Zv Avcbv‡Mv nv‡ZB wbf©i| ØvwiKvbv_ GKUv cvb Zz‡j g‡y L w`‡Z w`‡Z K_vUv Dwo‡q w`‡Z Pvb : Avgv‡`i nv‡Z Avi Kx ÿgZv! AvRKvj Rwg`vwii Kx Ae¯’v †Zv Rvb bv! mLvbv‡_i †Q‡j nVvr †n‡m ej‡jb : A‡bK ÿ¨vgZv KZ©v| evu PvB‡Z bv cvi‡jI gvi‡Z †Zv cv‡ib| ØvwiKvbv‡_i nvZ †_‡K P‡z bi †euvUv L‡m c‡o| Abmq~ vI GB mgq A›`i †_‡K †PvL-gLy jvj K‡i wd‡i AvmwQj, K_vUv ï‡b †mI åæ †Kvu PKvj| wKQÿz Y ZvwK‡q iB‡jb ØvwiKvbv_, Zvici nvmvi †Póv K‡i ej‡jb : †n, †n, Zv †ek e‡jQ| GB ewy S †Zvgvi †Q‡j mLvbv_| : AvBÁv n, I‡i †eUv †cbœvg Ki| mLvbv_ Zvov w`‡jI igvbv‡_i w`K †_‡K Zvi †Kv‡bv Drmvn †`Lv hvq bv| †kl ch©šÍ ØvwiKvbv_B e‡j I‡Vb : _vK _vK, Avi †cbœvg Ki‡Z n‡e bv| †ek †Q‡j| Abmq~ v WvKj : evev!

†gŠmyg 159 nu¨v, GB DVwQ| †Zvgvi †Q‡j‡K Kvj GKevi cvwV‡q w`I mLvbv_| mLvbv_ nvZ KP‡j ej‡j : †m Avc‡bB KBqv hvb| Avgvi K_v Avevi †kv‡b wK bv| K_vUv †Lqvj K‡i Kvb jvj n‡q I‡V ØvwiKvbv‡_i| Zey wd‡i `vu wo‡q mLvbv‡_i †Q‡ji D‡Ï‡k wgwó K‡i nvmvi †Póv K‡ib : ev‡ci K_v †kvb bv eywS? wQt evev, D×Z n‡Z †bB! Pyc K‡i bZgyL n‡q iBj, Z‡e Zvi †P‡c g‡y L †h fve dz‡U DVj, Zv‡K weiw³ cÖKvk Qvov Ab¨ wKQz fvev hvq bv| wKš‘ ØvwiKvbv_ Zv †Lqvj bv Kivi fvb K‡i ZvovZvwo cv evov‡jb| Av”Qv, Avwg Pwj, Zwz g Kvj G‡mv GKevi| †Zvgvi g‡Zv †Rvqvb †Q‡jB Avgvi `iKvi− : Avwg hvB‡Z cvigy bv| K_vi gvSLv‡bB igvbv‡_i ReveUv †hb kcvs K‡i ØvwiKvbv‡_i Mv‡q G‡m coj| †PvL R¡‡j DVj, wKš‘ ci gyn~‡Z©B mvg‡j wb‡jb| Zey nvwmi †Póv K‡i †gvjv‡qg ¯^‡i ïav‡jb : †Kb? : evwo‡Z KvR Av‡Q| Avevi †mB Pvey‡Ki g‡Zv Reve| †hgb mswÿß, †Zgwb `„p| †Mvu qv‡ii g‡Zv gvwUi w`‡K ZvwK‡q Av‡Q| : Avt nvivgRv`v, Av`e K‡i ej! mLvbv_ Zvov w`‡q I‡V| Abm~qvi †PvL ZLb Av¸b, NY„ vq gyL wdwi‡q nvZ a‡i Svu Kwz b w`j ØvwiKvbv‡_i : evev! ej‡Q KvR Av‡Q, Zey Ii g‡Zv †jvK‡K †Zvgvi Kx Ggb `iKvi coj? GBevi igvbv_ euvKv †Pv‡L GKUz PvB‡j Zvi w`‡K| Abmq~ v †`L‡j Zvi gLy †hgb Zw… ߇Z KwVb †Zgwb e¨½ fiv| nvZ a‡i Gevi †hb †m †U‡b wb‡q †h‡Z PvBj ØvwiKvbv_‡K| wKš‘ Avðh© ØvwiKvbv‡_i mvg‡j †bevi kw³| cÖPÐ cÖZvc ce~ ©ciy æl‡`i HwZn¨en i³ Mig n‡q DV‡jI −I, Zvn‡j _vK, Zvn‡j _vK−ej‡Z ej‡Z Avevi wZwb ej‡jb : Zvn‡j Zwz gB †h‡qv mLvbv_| : hv‡ev| GKUz big m‡y i m¤§wZ Keyj K‡i wcQz wcQz †h‡Z jvMj mLvbv_| g‡y L wQj AR¯ª cu¨vPvj| Abm~qv ev ØvwiKvbv_ †KD †mw`‡K Kvb w`j bv| A_P Gevi LuvwU K_vB ejwQj mLvbv_| Pviw`‡Ki Ae¯’v mwZ¨B Lvivc| N‡i †KDB avb Pvj iv‡Lwb, †Kgb K‡i eSy ‡e †h GeviI Ggwb evRvi Po‡e| GLb Kx K‡i †h `yg‡y Vv RyU‡e †m-fvebvq mevB Aw¯’i| evB‡i G Avb›` †Zv bZzb †gŠmyg cvIqvi| Av”Qv †mevi ïbjvg eg©v kÎæ‡`i nv‡Z hvIqvq Pv‡ji `vg †e‡owQj, wKš‘ Gevi− nVvr ØvwiKvbv_‡K Ny‡i `vu ov‡Z †`‡L K_v †_‡g †Mj mLvbv‡_i| Av”Qv mLvbv_, GZ J×Z¨ †Zvgiv †Kv_vq †c‡j e‡jv †Zv? fveQ eywS Avwg Gi cÖwZKvi Rvwb‡b? : †m Kx KZv KZ©v, J×Z¨ KB! I, †Q‡jUvi KZv KB‡Z Av‡Qb eywS? Zv IUv eiveiB GKUz GBiKg| Zv Ii KZv aB‡ib bv Avcwb KZ©v, Ii nBqv Avwg gvc PvB| Avevi K_v KvUvKvwUi Dcµg †`‡L Abm~qv Wv‡K : evev! GB Af`ª¸‡jvi m‡½ Zey Zzwg K_v bv e‡j cvi‡e bv? mLvbv_ nVvr KwVb n‡q `uvovj| ØvwiKvbv_ GKUz big n‡q e‡jb : bv, bv, †Zvgvi gvc PvBevi wKQz †bB, mLvbv_| gvc Avwg KieB, hw` I Kvj Avgvi ILv‡b Av‡m| Zv †Zvgvi I †Q‡j‡K GKUz e‡j w`I mLvbv_, †m †Zv Rv‡bvB, K_v bv gvbvi `iæb Ii VvKzi`v‡K Kuv‡ai Pv`i w`‡q GK gvm Avgvi evmvq Ry‡Zv g‡y Q w`‡Z n‡qwQj| nqZ I Zv Rv‡b bv!

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168 mvwnZ¨ cvV kãv_© I UxKv − gvbe KZ…©K cÖvKw… ZK wbqgwe‡ivax Kvh©µg| †Lv`&Kvwi − BD‡iv‡c 1760 †_‡K 1840 Kvjc‡e© KjKviLvbv wfwËK Drcv`‡bi †h wkíwecøe wecjy DËiY N‡U ZvB wkíwecøe bv‡g cwiwPZ| GB cÖwµqvq hš¿ I †mjwmqvm cÖhyw³wbf©i Drcv`b ïiæ nq| Drcv`b cÖwµqvq ivmvqwbK Drcv`b, ev®úxq kw³i e¨envi, h‡š¿i e¨envi Ges R¦vjvwb kw³ wn‡m‡e Kqjvi Ae‡jvwnZ Zvciwk¥ e¨envi ¸iæZ¡ cvq| Av‡jvK Zi½ − ZvcgvÎv cwigv‡ci GKwU †¯‹j| hvi wbgœ w¯’iv¼ 0 wWwMÖ Ges EaŸ© w¯’iv¼ Zvc Zi½ 100 wWwMÖ| − jvj Av‡jv n‡Z `xN©Zi Zi½ ˆ`‡N©¨i Av‡jvK iwk¥| AwZ‡e¸wb iwk¥ − wbw`©ó c‡_ Av‡jvK kw³i Mgb| − GKcÖKvi Zi½ hv †Kvb gva¨g QvovB wewKi‡Yi gva¨‡g Dò ¯’vb n‡Z AYRy xe kxZj ¯’v‡b mÂvwjZ nq| − eY©vjx‡Z †e¸wb Av‡jvi evB‡i †h A`„k¨ Av‡jv _v‡K Zv‡K AwZ‡e¸wb iwk¥ A¨v›UvK©wUKv e‡j| G iwk¥ †Pv‡Li c‡ÿ ÿwZKi| AwZ‡e¸wb iwk¥ RxevYybvkK| − AYyexÿY h‡š¿i mvnvh¨ Qvov †`Lv hvq bv Ggb Rxe| †hgb, fvBivm, Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb e¨vK‡Uwiqv, A¨vwgev| MÖx®§gÐj − c„w_exi `wÿYZg gnv‡`k| GB gnv‡`‡kB `wÿY‡giæ Aew¯’Z| ZzlviveZ„ wnggÐj GB gnv‡`k‡K wN‡i i‡q‡Q `wÿY gnvmvMi| GB gnv‡`k me‡P‡q kxZj, wngevn ﮋ| GLv‡b ¯’vqx †Kv‡bv gvbeemwZ †bB| †c½yBb I wmj GLvbKvi AvenweÁvb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖvYx| mgy`ªweÁvb − cÖ¯ÍixfZ~ cÖvYx ev Dw™¢` †_‡K cÖvß R¡vjvwb| − welye †iLvi Dfq cv‡k¦©i KK©U I gKi µvwšÍi AšÍM©Z MÖx®§cÖavb f-~ fvM| − `yB †giæi mwbœwnZ ÿxYZg mh~ ©v‡jvK wewkó f~-fvM| − ce©ZMvÎ †e‡q wbgœw`‡K ax‡i cÖengvb Zzlvi †mªvZ| − AvenvIqvwelqK weÁvb| Metorology| − f-~ weÁv‡bi GKwU kvLv| GB ÁvbkvLv mvgyw`ªK Rxe, mvgwy `ªK cwi‡ek, mgy‡`ªi †¯ªvZ BZ¨vw` wel‡q M‡elYv K‡i| Oceanography

wMÖb nvDm cÖwZwµqv 169 f-~ weÁvb − cw„ _ex| MÖn m¤úwK©Z weÁvb hv c„w_exi Aven, ¯’jfvM, RjfvM, evqgy Ðj g¨vb‡MÖvf ebvqb BZ¨vw` wel‡q M‡elYv K‡i| GB M‡elYvi m‡½ c`v_©we`¨v, imvqb, Rxewe`¨v, MwYZ BZ¨vw` Mfxifv‡e m¤úwK©Z| Earth Science| − DcKj~ xq I †Rvqvi cøvweZ A‡j Rb¥ †bIqv e„‡ÿi AiY¨| GB ai‡bi Ai‡Y¨ cÖvq Avwk cÖRvwZi eÿ„ Rb¥vq| evsjv‡`‡ki my›`ieb G ai‡bi Ai‡Y¨i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ D`vniY| cvV-cwiwPwZ wMÖb nvDm cÖwZwµqv cÖeÜwU Ave`jy øvn Avj-gZy x kidzwχbi Ôcwi‡e‡ki msKU Nwb‡q Avm‡QÕ kxl©K MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ| wkíwecøe, R¦vjvwbi AwZ e¨envi, RbmsL¨vi `ªæZ e„w×, kni-e›`i-iv¯Ív-NvU ˆZwi, eb-R½j DRvo BZ¨vw` bvbv Kvi‡Y mv¤úªwZK Kv‡j AwZ`ªæZ e`‡j hv‡”Q cw„ _exi Rjevqy I gvb‡y li RxebhvÎv| weÁvbxiv jÿ K‡i‡Qb, Gme cwieZ©‡bi g‡~ j i‡q‡Q c„w_exi Mo ZvcgvÎvi µge„w×| †h Kvi‡Y c„w_exi ZvcgvÎv ew„ × cv‡”Q, weÁvbx‡`i fvlvq, Zv‡KB ejv n‡”Q wMÖb nvDm cÖwZwµqv| gvbeKj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ bvbvwea ˆeÁvwbK hš¿cvwZ‡Z wewfbœ M¨vm I LwbR R¦vjvwbi AwZ e¨env‡ii d‡j AvMvgx 2030 mv‡j c„w_exi Mo ZvcgvÎv 1.5 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i Ges kZvãx †k‡l GB e„w× `uvov‡Z cv‡i 1.5 wWwMÖ †_‡K 5 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm| †m-†ÿ‡Î AYyRxe‡`i RxebPµ ûgwKi g‡y L c‡o e¨vnZ n‡e mv‡jvK-ms‡kølY cÖwµqv| Nwb‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i cw„ _exi gvbly I cÖvwYK‡z ji Rb¨ gnvwec`| cÖKw… Zi wb‡Ri ¯^v¯’¨ I ¯^w¯Íi cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_v wPšÍv bv K‡i gvbyl †Kej wb‡R‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖK…wZ‡K Rq I e¨envi Ki‡Z hvIqvqB cÖKw… Zi fvimvg¨ AvR ûgwKi g‡y L| Gfv‡e Pj‡Z _vK‡j c„w_ex‡Z AwZew„ ó, Abvew„ ó, Liv, Zxeª Liv, giæKiY, DcK‚jxq AÂj Zwj‡q hvIqvmn bvbv cÖwZK‚jZv mw„ ó n‡e| c„w_exi mvg‡b cwi‡ekMZ wech©‡qi †h ûgwK i‡q‡Q †m-e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb K‡i †Zvjv n‡q‡Q G iPbvq| eûwbe©vPwb Ask 1. GKkz kZ‡Ki †k‡l mvMiZ‡ji D”PZv KZ wgUvi evo‡Z cv‡i? K. `yB L. wZb M. cvu P N. Qq 2. cÖKw… Zi Ici bvbv ai‡bi Ô†Lv`KvwiÕ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q− i. cÖvKw… ZK fvimvg¨ webó Kiv ii. cÖK…wZi ¯^vfvweKZv bó Kiv iii. cÖKw… Zi mv‡_ ˆeix AvPiY Kiv wb‡Pi †KvbwU wVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

170 mvwnZ¨ cvV DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 msL¨K cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| evsjv‡`‡ki DËiv‡ji Kl… K‡`i gv_vq nvZ| KviY µgvMZ Livq gvV-NvU †d‡U †PŠwPi| el©v †gŠmyg †kl n‡q G‡jI ew„ ói †Kv‡bv †`Lv †bB| dm‡ji gv‡VI wewPÎ me KxU-cZ‡½i AvµgY| Avi Kl… Kiv gv‡V bvg‡jB cÖPÐ †iv‡` Zv‡`i Mv †hb Sj‡m hvevi Dcµg nq| 3. DÏxc‡K m„ó cwiw¯’wZi Rb¨ `vqx n‡jv− i. gvwU‡Z bvB‡Uªv‡Rb K‡g hvIqv ii. evZv‡m Kve©b WvB-A·vBW †e‡o hvIqv iii. evqygЇj I‡Rvb M¨vm K‡g hvIqv wb‡Pi †KvbwU wVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 4. DÏxc‡Ki mó„ cwiw¯’wZ †_‡K DËi‡Yi Dcvq Kx? K. Rxevk¥ R¦vjvwbi e¨envi Kgv‡bv L. AcwiKwíZ wkívqb Kgv‡bv M. wbwe©Pv‡i e„ÿ wbab bv Kiv N. c„w_exi DòZv Kgv‡bv mR„ bkxj cÖkœ †gŠmwy g d‡z ji Mvb †gvi K‡É Rv‡M bv‡Kv Avi Pvwiw`‡K kwy b nvnvKvi| dz‡ji dmj †bB, †bB KviI K‡É Avi Mvb ÿaz vZ© fqvZ© `w„ ó cÖvYnxb me gLy ¤øvb| gvwU Ai‡Y¨i cv‡b Pvq †mLv‡b ÿwi‡Q †mœn cjø‡ei wbweo Qvqvq| Rv‡Mv Z‡e AiY¨ Kb¨viv! Rv‡Mv AvwR, gg©‡i gg©‡i I‡V evwR e‡„ ÿi e‡ÿi ewýR¡vjv| K. ÒwMÖb nvDm cÖwZwµqvÓ− †Kvb MÖš’ †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q? L. evqygЇj I‡Rvb M¨vm AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kb? M. KweZvs‡ki e³‡e¨ ÒwMÖb nvDm cÖwZwµqvÓ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| N. D³ w`‡Ki †hŠw³KZv ÒwMÖb nvDm cÖwZwµqvÓ cÖe‡Ü weÁvbm¤§Z Z_¨-DcvË w`‡q cÖgvY Kiv n‡q‡Q − gšÍe¨wU gj~ ¨vqb Ki|

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