সাহিত্যপাঠ একাদশ-দ্বাদশ শ্রেণি

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48 mvwnZ¨ cvV mvB‡ewiqv − Gwkqvi Dˇi ivwkqvi AšÍf©y³ Gwkqvi DËiv‡ji we¯ÍxY© ff~ vM| Gwkqv gnv‡`‡ki GK Z…Zxqvsk AÂj Gi g‡a¨ c‡o‡Q| Z›z `ªv, mijeM©xq e„‡ÿi AiY¨, †¯Íc ZY… f~wg I cw„ _exi MfxiZg n«` ÔˆeKvjÕ GLv‡b Aew¯’Z| cw„ _exi `xN©Zg †ijc_ UªvÝ-mvB‡ewiqvb Pvjy nIqvi ci GLv‡b eû kni M‡o D‡V‡Q| G‡Wb − †jvwnZmvMi I Avie mvM‡ii cÖ‡ekc‡_ Avie †`‡ki `wÿY-cwð‡g Aew¯’Z weL¨vZ e›`i| mvgyw`ªK jeY ˆZwii Rb¨ weL¨vZ| cviwkqv − cvim¨ ev Bivb †`k| ngy vq~b − †gvMj mv¤ªv‡R¨i cÖwZôvZv eve‡ii cyÎ Ges wØZxq †gvMj m¤ªvU| wZwb †gvMj m¤ªvU AvKe‡ii wcZv| †ZvMjK Lvu − fviZe‡l©i BwZnv‡m †ZvMjK Lvu bv‡g †Kv‡bv m¤ªvU wQ‡jb bv| BwZnv‡m †h wZbRb weL¨vZ †ZvMjK m¤ªv‡Ui bvg cvIqv hvq Zuviv n‡jb : wMqvmDwÏb †ZvMjK, gny v¤§` †ZvMjK I wd‡ivR †ZvMjK| Pwjø‡ki †KvVv − GLv‡b Pwjøk †_‡K EbcÂvk ch©šÍ eqmmxgv| _vW© K¬vm − eZ©gvb Aóg †kÖwY| †mKv‡j gva¨wgK wkÿvi †kÖwY wnmve Kiv n‡Zv Ici †_‡K wb‡Pi w`‡K| `kg †kÖwY ZLb wQj dv÷© K¬vm, beg †kÖwY wQj †m‡KÛ K¬vm| cÖZœZvwË¡K − cyivZË¡we`| cÖvPxb aŸsmve‡kl, gy`ªv, wjwc BZ¨vw` †_‡K HwZnvwmK Z_¨ wbY©‡qi we`¨vq cwÐZ e¨w³| †dv_© K¬vm − GLbKvi mßg †kÖwY| †m‡KÛ K¬vm − GLbKvi beg †kÖwY| ¸wj − Avwd‡gi ˆZwi GKiKg gv`K hv ewoi g‡Zv ¸wj cvwK‡q e¨envi Kiv nq| Ic‡ii Av`vj‡Zi nyKz‡g − mªóvi wb‡`©‡k| Ggwb mby vg − `by ©vg †evSv‡Z we`ªæc Kiv n‡q‡Q| gv‡jv − G M‡í mv‡ci ISv A‡_© e¨eüZ| mvaviYZ Giv mvc a‡i, mv‡ci Kvg‡oi wPwKrmv I mv‡ci †Ljv †`wL‡q RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| Z‡e gv‡jv ej‡Z Ggb GKwU m¤úª`vq‡KI †evSvq hv‡`i †ckv gvQ aiv| mبq KwiqvwQ − Ace¨q K‡iwQ †evSv‡Z e¨½ f‡i ejv n‡q‡Q| K¼vjmvi − Aw¯’Pg©mvi Ae¯’v †hb cÖvq K¼vj| hgivR − ag©ivR| GLv‡b g„Z¨z A‡_©| wZjva© − wZj cwigvY mg‡qi Aa©, gynZ~ ©gvÎ| RbkÖæwZ − †jvKci¤úivq †kvbv K_v, Rbie, †jvKkÖæwZ| mZ¨hMy − wn›`y cyiv‡Y ewY©Z Pvi h‡y Mi cÖ_g hyM hLb mgv‡R AmZ¨ Ab¨vq G‡Kev‡iB wQj bv e‡j aviYv Kiv nq| imvZ‡j †Mj − Aatcv‡Z ev D”Q‡bœ †Mj|

wejvmx 49 AKvjKz®§vÐ − Amg‡q d‡j‡Q Ggb Kzg‡ov| GLv‡b AKg©Y¨ e¨w³| wbKv − Aviwe kã wbKvn&; we‡q| weaevweevn ev cby e©vi weevn| Kwj − wn›`y cyiv‡Y ewY©Z Pvi hy‡Mi †kl hMy | ciy vY g‡Z, G hy‡M Ab¨vq, AmZ¨ e`b `» bv nq I Aa‡g©i evovevwo NU‡e| bvivq‡Yi KZ…©c‡ÿiI − gLy †hb bv †cv‡o| mby vg †hb bó bv nq| Pÿjz ¾v nB‡e − Kziæ‡ÿ‡Îi hy‡× GKw`‡K me©fviZxq ivRviv GKcÿ wb‡q hy× wejvZ cÖfw… Z †¤ø”Q‡`‡k K‡iwQ‡jb| kÖxK…ò wQ‡jb wbi¯¿ i_-mviw_| †mLv‡b bvivq‡Yi wbi‡cÿ AvPiY wQj Kvcyiæl-mjy f| †mB bvivq‡Yi c_vej¤^xivI Giƒc mbvZb wn›`y G AvPiY‡K fxiæZv ej‡Z jw¾Z n‡e| evK¨vskwU‡Z cÖKZ… c‡ÿ e¨½ K‡i Kzms¯‹vi gv‡b bv ejv n‡q‡Q †hÑ I‡`i AvPiY GZB ee©i wQj †h Zv KvcyiælZvi †P‡qI kÖve¨-AkÖve¨ j¾vRbK wQj| †`ex exYvcvwYi e‡i msKxY©Zv Zvnv‡`i g‡a¨ − Bsj¨vÛmn BD‡ivcxq †`kmg~‡n †hLv‡b wn›`y mgv‡Ri AvPvia‡g©i †Kv‡bv Avwm‡e Kx Kwiqv evjvB †bB| cÖvZt¯§iYxq − GLv‡b wn›`y a‡g©i ms¯‹viv”QbœZv‡K Zxeªfv‡e e¨½ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mUv KvkxB e‡U − †kvbvi †hvM¨ I A‡hvM¨| køxj-Akøxj A‡_© e¨eüZ| eviIqvwi − GLv‡b e¨½ K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q− †`ex mi¯^Zxi cÖKZ… gvb¨Zvi Afv‡e Giv my`wÿYv msKxY©Zvme©¯^ n‡q c‡o‡Q| djvnvi ab¨ ab¨ cwoqv †Mj − cÖvZtKv‡j ¯§iY Kivi †hvM¨| AwZ kÖ‡×q| gn‡Ë¡i Kvwnwb − Kvkx fvi‡Zi DËi cÖ‡`‡k Aew¯’Z weL¨vZ I mycÖvPxb Zx_©‡ÿÎ| †mLv‡b G›UªvÝ ayPwz b mvay-mšÍ-cYy ¨v_x©i mgv‡ek †hgb nq †Zgwb `ðy wiÎ †jvKR‡bi AvLovI cÂgyL †mLv‡b R‡g| gy‡Lvcva¨vq gnvk‡qi weaev cÎy ea‡~ K †hLvb †_‡K D×vi K‡i Avbv n‡qwQj Zv Kvkx n‡jI Zx_©¯’vb wQj bv eis cwZZvjq ev Abyiƒc †Kv‡bv ¯’vb wQj GLv‡b †mB Bw½ZB Kiv n‡q‡Q| − A‡b‡Ki mg‡eZ †Póvq hv Kiv nq| me©Rbxb| ev‡ivqvwi| − c‡y ivwn‡Zi m¤§vbx ev †mjvwg| − Rj‡hvM| djvi| − mK‡j cÖksmvq cÂgyL n‡q DV‡jb| − gnvbfy eZvi K_v| e¨½v‡_© bxPZvi Kvwnwb| − cÖ‡ewkKv cixÿv| eZ©gvb gva¨wgK cixÿvi mgZjz ¨| − Pvj BZ¨vw` †avqvi Rb¨ eû wQ`ªwewkó euv‡ki Szwo| − cvu P g‡y L †h K_v e‡j| gyLi|

50 mvwnZ¨ cvV cwjøMÖv‡gi ciy æl‡`i − e¨½ K‡i myL¨vwZ ejv n‡q‡Q| e¯‘Z †jLK MÖv‡gi cyiæl‡`i mgv‡jvPbv myL¨vwZ‡Z I wb›`v K‡i‡Qb| gš¿wm× − g‡š¿ mvabvq wmw× AR©b K‡i‡Qb Ggb hvi D”PvwiZ gš¿ Ae¨_©fv‡e gbmv Kvh©Ki| g‡š¿i `ªóv − wn›`y ag©vbymv‡i mv‡ci †`ex| KvgvL¨v − whwb cÖ_g gš¿ jvf K‡ib| gš¿ m¤ú‡K© mvaviY †jvKwek¦vm GB †h, gš¿ Pµ Zzwjqv †KD ˆZwi K‡ib bv| Zv †Kv‡bv fvM¨evb ˆ`ee‡j †c‡q _v‡Kb| huvi Lwik †MvLiv Kv‡Q cÖ_g gš¿ Avwef©~Z nq wZwbB gš¿`ªóv| welnwii †`vnvB gZ„ ¨z Äq bvg − fvi‡Zi Avmvg iv‡R¨ Aew¯’Z cÖvPxb Zx_©¯’vb| Zvwš¿K mvaK I DcvmK‡`i Zš¿gš¿ mvabvi Rb¨ weL¨vZ| k¦ï‡ii †`Iqv g‡š¿Šlwa − dYv Z‡z j| g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui AvÁv − Ley welv³ GK cÖRvwZi †MvLiv mvc| evOvwji wel − gbmvi gš¿kw³| wcwÐ fwz R¨ D”QzM¨ − g„Z¨z Äq bv‡gi A_©− whwb gZ„ z¨‡K Rq K‡ib| welKÉ wke ev g‡nk¦‡ii eû`k©x Ab¨ bvg g„Zz¨Äq| gZ„ z¨Ä‡qi evev-gv Zv‡`i c‡y Îi bvg gZ„ z¨Äq ivL‡jI f‡~ `eevey †m g„Zz¨‡K Rq Ki‡Z cvij bv| Zvi bvg wg_¨v cÖwZcbœ n‡jv| AwZKvq n¯Íx − g„Z¨z Äq Zvi k¦ï‡ii KvQ †_‡K A‡gvN g‡š¿Šlwa †c‡qwQj e‡j RbkÖæwZ wQj| − †Rjv g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui Av‡`k ev ûKzg hv cvjb Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK| g¨vwR‡÷ªU P‡j †M‡jI ûKgz envj _v‡K| − †jLK e¨½v‡_© ej‡Z Pvb, evOvwji †µva, we‡Øl BZ¨vw` g‡y Li ev‡K¨B mxgve× Ges ÿY¯’vqx| Zv mv‡ci we‡li g‡Zv Ae¨_©fv‡e Kvh©Ki bq| − kÖv× Abyôv‡b g‡„ Zi D‡Ï‡k †`Iqv Pv‡ji †MvjvKvi †Wjv| − g‡„ Zi AvZ¥vi m`MwZ Kvgbv K‡i eªvþY‡K †h †fvR¨ DrmM© Kiv nq Zv| − Ávbx| A‡bK †`‡L‡Qb Ggb| eû AwfÁZvm¤úbœ| − f‡~ `eP›`ª g‡y Lvcva¨vq (1825-1894 wLóª vã) Dwbk kZ‡Ki evsjvi beRvMi‡Yi Ab¨Zg cw_Kr… | wn›`y mgv‡Ri bvbv Kmz s¯‹v‡ii weiæ‡× gZ e¨³ K‡i Avawy bK gvbm MV‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wZwb A‡bK MšÖ ’ iPbv K‡ib| ÔcvwievwiK ceÖ ÜÕ, ÔmvgvwRK ceÖ ÜÕ, ÔAvPvi ceÖ ÜÕ BZ¨vw` G wel‡q Zvu i weL¨vZ MšÖ |’ − gnvMR| Mammoth| nvwZi GB cÖRvwZ eZ©gvb Kv‡ji nvwZi †P‡q A‡bK eo wQj| GB cÖRvwZi nvwZ cÖvwYRMr †_‡K jßy n‡q‡Q cÖv‰MwZnvwmK h‡y M| Zv‡`i Aw¯Í‡Z¡i wPý i‡q †M‡Q Zv‡`i K¼v‡j|

wejvmx 51 cvV-cwiwPwZ kirP‡›`ªi ÒwejvmxÓ MíwU cÖ_‡g cÖKvwkZ nq ÔfviZxÕ cwÎKvq 1325 e½v‡ãi (1918 wLªóvã) ˆekvL msL¨vq| Òb¨vovÓ bv‡gi GK hey ‡Ki wb‡Ri Revwb‡Z weeZ„ n‡q‡Q G Mí| GB M‡íi Kvwnwb‡Z kirP‡›`ªi cÖ_g Rxe‡bi QvqvcvZ N‡U‡Q| ÒwejvmxÓ M‡í ewY©Z n‡q‡Q e¨wZµgag©x `yB gvbe-gvbexi Pwi‡Îi AmvaviY †cÖ‡gi gwngv, hv Qvwc‡q D‡V‡Q RvwZMZ we‡f‡`i msKxY© mxgv| M‡í msNwUZ G‡Ki ci GK NUbv Ges wewfbœ Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨ msNv‡Zi gva¨‡gB Kvwnwb AMÖmi nq| NUbvi Ø›Ø-msNv‡Zi ga¨ w`‡q Kvwnwb‡Z MwZ mÂvwiZ n‡q‡Q| †jLK †Kvb Ae¯’vb †_‡K Kvwnwb ej‡Qb, †mUv A‡bK mgq Kvwnwb eY©bvq ¸iæZ¡cY~ © f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| †jLK me©`k©x Ae¯’vb †_‡KI Kvwnwb eY©bv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †m‡ÿ‡Î wZwb me¸‡jv PwiÎ I NUbv− wbi‡cÿ Ae¯’vb †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib| †hgbwU †`Lv hvq ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn&i ÔjvjmvjyÕ Dcb¨vm Ges gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi Ògvwm-wcwmÓ M‡í| cÿvšÍ‡i MíwU DËg ciy æ‡li fv‡l¨I ewY©Z n‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î M‡í Avwg, Avgv‡K BZ¨vw` me©bvg G‡m hvq| GiKg †ÿ‡Î KL‡bv-KL‡bv †jLK wb‡RB Kvwnwbi GKUv Pwi‡Îi f~wgKv †bb, n‡q I‡Vb K_K| ÒwejvmxÓ M‡í †jLK †mB fw~ gKv MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| eZ©gvb msKj‡bi ÒAcwiwPZvÓ, ÒAvnŸvbÓ I ÒZvRgnjÓ M‡í DËgcyiæ‡li fvl¨ Mn„ xZ n‡q‡Q| ÒwejvmxÓ M‡íi bvg PwiÎ Kg©wbcYy , eyw×gZx I †meveªZx wejvmx; kirmvwn‡Z¨i Ab¨vb¨ D¾¡j bvwqKv‡`i g‡ZvB GKRb| †h †cÖ‡gi R‡b¨ wbwØ©avq †e‡Q wb‡q‡Q †¯^”Qvg„Z¨z i c_ Avi Zvi †cÖ‡gi gwngvgq Av‡jvq aiv c‡o‡Q mgv‡Ri Aby`viZv I iÿYkxjZv, Rxe‡bi wbôzi I Aïf †Pnviv| eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. ÒNb R½‡ji c_| GKUz †`‡L cv †d‡j †h‡qv|Ó− Dw³wU Kvi? K. b¨vovi L. gZ„ y¨Ä‡qi M. wejvmxi N. Loy vi 2. Ôgn‡Ë¡i Kvwnwb Avgv‡`i A‡bK Av‡QÕ| GLv‡b ÔgnË¡Õ Kx A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q? K. e¨½v‡_© L. cÖksmv‡_© M. †ÿvfv‡_© N. wb›`v‡_© wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 3 I 4 msL¨K cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| wbjydv kn‡i GKwU †cvkvK KviLvbvq KvR K‡ib| Zvi kn‡i KvR Kivi welqwU MÖv‡gi wKQz gvbyl cQ›` K‡ib bv| Qwz U‡Z evwo †M‡j MÖv‡gi IB gvbyl¸‡jv wbjdy vi bv‡g wePvi emvb| Zviv wbjdy v‡K †Rvi K‡i MÖvg †_‡K †ei K‡i †`Iqvi wm×všÍ †bb| wKšÍy wbjdy v Zv‡Z cÖwZev` K‡ib| Am¯y ’ gv‡K †i‡L wZwb Gmgq wKQz‡Z †Kv_vI hv‡eb bv| 3. Ab‡y ”Q‡`i m‡½ 'wejvmx' M‡íi †h w`‡Ki mv`…k¨ i‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv− i. bvixi cÖwZ wbh©vZb ii. Kmy s¯‹viv”Qbœ mgvR iii. MÖvgxY wePvi e¨e¯’v wb‡Pi †KvbwU wVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

52 mvwnZ¨ cvV 4. GB Ae¯’v we‡ePbvq wb‡q ejv hvq, wbjdy v I wejvmx Df‡qB− i. cÖwZev`x bvixmËv ii. wbh©vwZZ bvix iii. Kyms¯‹v‡ii wkKvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU wVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii m„Rbkxj cÖkœ D¾wqbxi ivRv weµgvw`‡Z¨i ivRmfvi cÖL¨vZ †R¨vwZwe©` eivncÎy wgwn‡ii ¯¿x Lbv| GKw`b wcZv eivn Ges cÎy wgwni AvKv‡ki Zviv MYbv Ki‡Z wM‡q mgm¨vq co‡j Lbv G mgm¨vi mgvavb †`b| ivRv weµgvw`Z¨ Zuvi ¸‡Y gy» nb| MYbv K‡i Lbvi †`Iqv ce~ ©vfv‡m iv‡R¨i K…lKiv DcK…Z n‡Zb e‡j ivRv weµgvw`Z¨ Lbv‡K `kg iZœ wn‡m‡e AvL¨v †`b| wKš‘ Lbvi GB L¨vwZ I m¤§vb Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B Zuvi Rxe‡b weo¤^bv wb‡q Av‡m| ivRmfvq cÖwZcwË nviv‡bvi f‡q I bvixi Áv‡bi Kv‡Q wbPz nIqvi j¾vq cÖwZwnsmvcivqY n‡q eiv‡ni Av‡`‡k wgwni Lbvi wRnŸv †K‡U †`b| Gi wKQKz vj c‡i Lbvi gZ„ y¨ nq| K. Lyov †Kvb es‡ki? L. ÔBnv Avi GKwU kw³Õ- ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? M. wejvmx Pwi‡Îi †Kvb w`KwU Lbvi m‡½ mv`„k¨cY~ © Zv eY©bv Ki| N. Ôg„Z¨y Äq I wgwni ci¯úi wecixZ Pwi‡Îi gvbyl|Õ− gšÍe¨wU hvPvB Ki|

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56 mvwnZ¨ cvV Avevi gRv †`Lyb, Avgiv †Zv mymf¨ nBqv GwÛ Kvco cwiZ¨vM KwiqvwQ, wKš‘ H GwÛ KvcoB ÔAvmvg wméÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ nBqv †KvU, c¨v›U I ¯‹vU© iƒ‡c BD‡ivcxq bi-bvix‡`i ei-A‡½ †kvfv cvB‡Z jvwMj! µ‡g cwjøevwmbxi mf¨Zvi gvÎvwaK¨ nIqvq (A_©vr Avi GwÛ †cvKv cÖwZcvjb Kiv nq bv ewjqv) GLb Avi Ô†nvqvBU G¨vI‡q †jWjÕi †`vKv‡b ÔAvmvg wméÕ cvIqv hvq bv| †Kej BnvB b‡n, Avmvg nB‡Z GwÛ ¸wU we‡`‡k Pvjvb hvq Ñ Z_v nB‡Z mÎ~ iƒ‡c Avevi Avmv‡g wdwiqv AvB‡m| GB †Zv †mw`‡bi K_v Ñ e‡½i Mfb©i jW© KvigvB‡Kj GKLvwb †`wk †ikwg iægv‡ji Rb¥¯’v‡bi AbymÜvb K‡ib, †KnB ewj‡Z cvwij bv, †miƒc iægvj †Kv_vq cÖ¯‘Z nq| wKš‘ jW© KvigvB‡Kj BsivR ev”Pv Ñ mn‡R Qvwoevi cvÎ b‡nb; wZwb iægvjUvi Rb¥f~wg Avwe®‹vi Kwiqv †dwj‡jb| c~‡e© gwy k©`vev‡`i †Kvb MÖv‡g Hiƒc †ikwg iægvj cÖ¯‘Z nBZ, GLb Avi nq bv, KviY †m MÖv‡gi †jv‡Kiv mymf¨ nBqv‡Q! dj K_v, mf¨Zv we¯Ív‡ii m‡½ m‡½ †`wk wkímg~n µgk wejyß nBqv‡Q| my‡Li welq, m¤úªwZ cwjøMªv‡gi `My ©wZi cÖwZ †`keÜz †bZe… ‡„ ›`i `„wó cwoqv‡Q| †Kej `w„ ócvZB h‡_ó b‡n, Pvlvi `ÿy z hvnv‡Z `i~ nq, †mRb¨ Zuvnvw`M‡K we‡kl †Póv hZœ Kwi‡Z nB‡e| Avevi †mB ÒgivB-fiv avb, XvKv gmwjbÓ BZ¨vw` jvf Kwievi GKgvÎ Dcvq †`wk wkíÑ we‡klZ bvix wkímg~‡ni cybiæ×vi| †Rjvq †Rjvq cv‡Ui Pvl Kg Kwiqv Zrcwie‡Z© Kvc©v‡mi Pvl cÖPiz cwigv‡Y nIqv PvB Ges PiKv I GwÛ myZvi cÖPjb eûj cwigv‡Y nIqv evÃbxq| Avmvg Ges isciy evwmbx jjbvMY GwÛ †cvKv cÖwZcvj‡b Zrci nB‡j mgMÖ e½‡`‡ki e¯¿-†K¬k jvNe nB‡e| cwjøMÖv‡g mwy kÿv we¯Ív‡ii †Póv nIqv PvB| MÖv‡g MÖv‡g cvVkvjv Avi N‡i N‡i PiKv I †U‡Kv nB‡j Pvlvi `vwi`ª¨ NywP‡e| kãv_© I UxKv − †Q‡j| mšÍvbmšÍwZ A‡_©| †QBjv ˆcQv − ¯¿x‡jvK‡`i gwYe܇bi cÖvPxb AjsKvi| `vbv Aå‡f`x − Lv`¨ A‡_©| †Qvjv, gUi, KjvB− GBme km¨‡KI `vbv e‡j| UªvgI‡q − Aå A_© AvKvk| Aå‡f`x A_© AvKvk ev †gN †f`Kvix| AvKvkPz¤^x| evq‡¯‹vc PvlvB mgv‡Ri †giæ`Ð − Uªvg PjvP‡ji iv¯Ív| †ijI‡qi g‡Zv iv¯Ív w`‡q Uªvg P‡j| Z‡e Zv AwaKZi nvjKv| evm PjvP‡ji iv¯Ívi wfZ‡iI UªvgI‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i| − Pjw”PÎ, QvqvQwe, wm‡bgv| − evsjv Kw… lcÖavb †`k| mycªvPxb Kvj †_‡K Ab¨ Kwz Ui wk‡íi g‡Zv mvgvb¨ ew„ Ë _vK‡jI K…wlB G‡`‡ki gvby‡li Rxebhvc‡bi cÖavb ew„ Ë| GgbKx wek kZ‡K cw„ _exi wKQz †`k hLb wk‡í AmvaviY mgw„ × jvf K‡i‡Q Avgv‡`i †`k ZLbI Kw… l weKvk‡KB me‡P‡q cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Q| myZivs Kw… l †h G‡`‡ki †giæ`Ð G wel‡q m‡›`‡ni AeKvk †bB|

Pvlvi `yÿz 57 ÒcvQvq †Rv‡U bv Z¨vbvÓ − cvU Drcv`bKvix K…lK‡`i Pig `vwi‡`ª¨i cwiPq w`‡Z wM‡q †eMg †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb cÖev`wU e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| †KŠcxb PUKj cÖwZôvi ci †_‡KB cv‡Ui Pvwn`v I K`i †e‡o hvq| gnx‡Z cvUKj kÖwgKMYI ch©vß gv‡mvnviv †c‡q ¯^v”Q‡›`¨ Rxebhvcb †U‡Kv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| wKš‘ hviv cvU Drcv`b Ki‡Zb †mB K…lK‡`i GwÛ Ae¯’v wQj gvb‡eZi| `vwi‡`ª¨i m‡½ hyS‡Z hyS‡Z Zv‡`i Rxeb †e‡jvqv‡ii Pwz o †kl n‡Zv| cÖev`wUi wfZi w`‡q Kl… K‡`i †mB KiæY Ae¯’vi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| − j¨v½U| Pxiemb| j¾v wbevi‡Yi Rb¨ cwi‡aq mvgvb¨ e¯¿| − c„w_ex‡Z| − mZy v cvKvevi hš¿| − †gvUv †ikwg Kvco| − DrKó… ¯^”Q Kv‡P cÖ¯ÍyZ Pwz o| cvV-cwiwPwZ †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb iwPZ ÔPvlvi `yÿzÕ kxl©K iPbvwU evsjv GKv‡Wwg cÖKvwkZ Ò†iv‡Kqv iPbvewjÓ †_‡K Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zuvi wkÿv I mvgvwRK Kg©KvÐ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †jLv‡jwLi RMr DrmM©xK…Z n‡q‡Q cðvrc` bvixmgv‡Ri gyw³ I mgw„ ×i Rb¨| wKš‘ ÔPvlvi `yÿÕz kxl©K cÖeÜwU ZrKvjxb `vwi`ª¨cxwoZ Kl… K‡`i eÂbvi gg©šÍy` `wjj n‡q Av‡Q| fviZe‡l©i mf¨Zv I AMÖMwZi wdwiw¯Í Z‡z j a‡i wZwb †`wL‡q‡Qb, †mLv‡b K…lK‡`i Ae¯’v KZ †kvPbxq| cvKv evwo, †ijI‡q, UªvgI‡q, w÷gvi, G‡iv‡cøb, †gvUi Mvwo, †Uwj‡dvb, †UwjMÖvdmn AviI †h KZ Avwe®‹vi fviZe‡l©i kû‡i gvb‡y li Rxeb mg„× I m”Qj K‡i Z‡z j‡Q Zvi BqËv †bB| wKš‘ †mB fviZe‡l©B K…lK‡`i †c‡U Lv`¨ †Rv‡U bv, kx‡Z e¯¿ †bB, Am‡y L wPwKrmv †bB| GgbwK Zv‡`i cvšÍvfv‡Z jeYI †Rv‡U bv| mgy`ª ZxieZx© †jv‡Kiv mgy`ªR‡j Pvj aBy ‡q je‡Yi Afve †gUv‡bvi †Póv K‡ib| UvKvq cuwPk †mi Pvj wgj‡jI iscy‡ii Kl… KMY Pvj wKb‡Z bv †c‡i jvD, Kzgov, cvU kvK, jvD kvK wm× K‡i †L‡q RVi-hš¿Yv wbeviY K‡i| K…lK‡`i GB Pig `vwi‡`ª¨i Rb¨ wZwb mf¨Zvi bv‡g GK †kÖwYi gvb‡y li wejvwmZv‡K `vqx K‡i‡Qb| Avevi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Kl… K‡KI GB wejvwmZvi we‡l AvµvšÍ K‡i‡Q| GQvov MÖvgxY Kwz Ui wk‡íi wech©qI K…lK‡`i `vwi‡`ª¨i Ab¨Zg KviY| Kwz Ui wkí‡K aŸsm K‡i w`‡q AvZ¥wbf©ikxj MÖvg-mgvR‡K Pig msK‡Ui g‡a¨ †d‡j‡Q weªwUk kvmK‡Mvôx| Kl… K‡`i GB ggy ~l©y Ae¯’v †_‡K gyw³i Rb¨ †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb MÖv‡g MÖv‡g cvVkvjv cÖwZôvi Ici ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡i‡Qb| Avi MÖvgxY Kwz Ui wkí‡K evu wP‡q ivLviI civgk© w`‡q‡Qb| GB cÖe‡Ü †iv‡Kqvi AmvaviY cvwÐZ¨, hyw³kxjZv I wPšÍvi we¯§qKi AMÖmiZvi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|

58 mvwnZ¨ cvV eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb mf¨Zvi m‡½ `vwi`ª¨ ew„ ×i Kx KviY wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb? K. m”QjZv L. wejvwmZv M. AjmZv N. AvivgwcÖqZv 2. Ôbevwe PvjÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? K. Ajm mgq KvUv‡bv L. Amr DcvR©b M. Drcv`bnxb Ae¯’v N. AbKy iYwcÖqZv wb‡Pi Ab‡y ”Q`wU c‡o 3 I 4 msL¨K cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| byiæj MÖv‡gi Ae¯’vcbœ K…lK wQ‡jb| ˆcZ…K RwgRgv Zvi A_©‰bwZK ¯^vej¤^‡bi Drm wQj| we`y¨‡Zi Afv‡e MÖv‡gi Ab¨ K…l‡Kiv Rwg‡Z †mP w`‡Z cv‡ib bv| wKš‘ biy æ‡ji N‡i wQj Gqvi KwÛkb I ˆe`y¨wZK Pzjv| cÖ‡qvRb bv _vK‡jI †jvK‡`Lv‡bv me wejvm `ªe¨B Zvi PvB| GB wejvwmZvi Kvi‡Y G‡K G‡K me Rwg wewµ K‡i AvR wZwb wbt¯^| 3. biy æ‡ji eZ©gvb Ae¯’v ÒPvlvi `yÿÓy cÖe‡Üi †h As‡ki m‡½ m½wZc~Y© Zv n‡jv− i. Kg©wegyL Kl… KmgvR ii. wkÿvnxb Kl… KKzj iii. K…wlKv‡Ri m‡½ wew”QbœZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU wVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 4. Dch©³y Ae¯’vi KviY Kx? K. cwikÖgwegyLZv L. mf¨Zvi AÜ AbKy iY M. MÖvgxY wk‡í AbvMÖn N. cðvrc`Zv mR„ bkxj cÖkœ †mvbvKzov MÖv‡gi wkíx I meyi K…lK-`¤úwZ| FYMÖ¯Í meyi G‡K G‡K me eÜK †i‡L AvR wbt¯^| euvPvi ZvwM‡` wkíx MÖvg †Q‡o kn‡i P‡j hvb| Ges GK abx cwiev‡i Mn„ cwiPvwiKvi KvR †bb| †mLv‡b †`‡Lb, MÖv‡gi bvix‡`i ˆZwi bKwk Kuv_vi K`i A‡bK †ewk| wb‡Ri cv‡q `uvov‡bvi Zxeª AvKv•ÿv wb‡q wkíx MÖv‡g wd‡i Av‡mb| AviI K‡qKRb bvix‡K wb‡q wZwb GKwU Kg©x`j MVb K‡ib| Zviv mevB wg‡j bKwk Kuv_v cÖ¯‘Z K‡i kn‡i wewµi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡`i `vwi`ª¨ †gvPb K‡ib| wkíxI eÜK ivLv me Rwg cby iæ×vi K‡ib| K. iscyi A‡j †ikg‡K ¯’vbxq fvlvq Kx e‡j? L. Òwk‡i w`‡q euvKv ZvR †X‡K iv‡L UvKÓ ej‡Z cÖvewÜK Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? M. ÒPvlvi `ÿy Óy cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU wkíxi g‡a¨ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| N. wkíxi ¯^vej¤^b ÒPvlvi `ÿy Óz cÖe‡Ü †jL‡Ki ewY©Z w`K wb‡`©kbvi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|

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cwÐZ mv‡ne 61 MvÖ gevmx‡`i m‡½ Zvu i g‡bvgvwj‡b¨i cKÖ Z… KviY wKQz Abgy vb Ki‡Z cvijvg| Zey ejjvg, ÒG †Zv AvovAvwoi K_v| Kx wb‡q G‡u `i m‡½ Avcbvi g‡bvgvwj‡b¨i mÎ~ cvZ hv‡Z Zvu iv wfbœ ¯‹jz L‡y jwQ‡jb?Ó wZwb ej‡jb, ÒZviv MvÖ ‡gi gvZeŸi| Zv‡`i `jv`wj‡Z Avwg mvq w`B‡b| Avgv‡K cKÖ vivš‡Í i wg_¨v mvÿx w`‡Z e‡j; Zv Avwg †`e †Kb| GB me wb‡qB Avgvi m‡½ we‡iva| †m eû K_v| GKevi GK gvZeŸ‡ii †Q‡j ÔBÏZÕ cvi bv n‡ZB GK weaev‡K wb‡K Ki‡Z cvMj n‡q DVj| †gvoj Avgv‡K wb‡K cwo‡q w`‡Z ej‡j| Avwg ejjvg,ÑÔkivÕi weiæ‡× KvR Avwg cvi‡ev bv| G wb‡q †gvoj Avgvi Dci gnv L¨vàv|Ó GB mej †giæ`Ðm¤úbœ AvZ¥vwfgvbx MÖvg¨ cwЇZi cÖwZ GK AvšÍwiK †¯œn Avi mnvbfy w~ Z‡Z Avgvi ü`q f‡i DVwQj| GKavi †_‡K wZwb MÖvgevmx‡`i kÖv× K‡i P‡jwQ‡jb| ÒGiv †jvK †`wL‡q bvgvR c‡o; c‡ii Awbó Avi wb‡Ri ¯^v_© wmw×i w`‡KB G‡`i gb; Giv bv‡g gvÎ gmy jgvb, Kv‡R GK`g cï|Ó BZ¨vKvi eP‡b Zv‡`i mwe¯Í…Z cwiPq w`w”Q‡jb| nvwmgy‡L Zvu i mg¯Í K_vB ïbwQjvg, Avi fvewQjvg, ÒgyKzwjZ AvgMvQ Zvi DMÖM‡Ü †Kb `kw`K Av‡›`vwjZ K‡i †Zv‡j, Avi Zvi cv‡k †kIov MvQ †Kb kÖxnxb †Pnviv wb‡q `uvwo‡q _v‡K, G Z‡Ë¡i Zvrch© MÖnY †Zvgvi Rb¨ bq|ÓÑ †k‡l cwÐZ ej‡jb, ÒGiv †h Kx k³ ÔRv‡njÕ Zv Avcwb KíbvI Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| KZK¸‡jv †g‡qI Avgvi Kv‡Q †Kvivb kwid c‡o| ZviB wfZ‡i GKwU †g‡q Kx Ô†bK-LvmjZÕ Avi covïbvq `ÿ n‡qwQj| †Kvivb kwid cvV LZg K‡iwQj| D`©y Ô†gd&ZvûjRvbœvZÕ †kl K‡iwQj| evsjv wb¤œ cÖvBgvwi ch©šÍ c‡owQj; wKš‘ mvwn‡Z¨ D”P cÖvBgvwi K¬v‡mi Qv‡ÎivI Zvi Kv‡Q wKQz bq| Avi Kx Zvi nv‡Zi †jLv! ¯‹zj mve-B݇c±i e‡jwQ‡jb, G ch©šÍ wb¤œ cÖvBgvwii †Kv‡bv QvÎ-QvÎxi †jLvB wZwb AZ m›y `i †`‡Lbwb| GB Rv‡njiv Avgv‡K Rã Kievi Rb¨ Zv‡KB we‡q w`‡j GK AvKvU g~‡L©i m‡½|Ó Zvu i KÉ fvix n‡q Gj, gyL wdwi‡q Rvgvi Avw¯Í‡b wZwb †PvL gyQ‡jb| Avwg ¯Íä n‡q ÿYKvj Zvu i g‡y Li cv‡b †P‡q iBjvg| †k‡l ax‡i ax‡i ejjvg, ÒZv †g‡qwUi evc-gv...Ó wZwb ej‡jb, Ò†ewk UvKv Zviv †c‡j-Avi Zviv Kx †`L‡e|Ó A`‡~ i-emv Avgvi GK BwZnvmÁ eÜz Avgv‡`i K_vevZ©v ïbwQ‡jb| wZwb ej‡jb, Òhvu iv AMÖeZx© wPiKvjB Zuv‡`i Kó †fvM Ki‡Z nq| †c÷v‡jvw¾ hLb Zuvi be-D™¢vweZ c×wZ Abymv‡i wkïi wkÿv weav‡b AMÖmi n‡jb, AwffveKiv Zuvi Kv‡Q mšÍvb cvVv‡Z ch©šÍ ivwR n‡jb bv| iv¯Ívi †eIqvwik †Q‡j‡`i wb‡q cÖ_‡g Zuvi bZby ai‡bi wkÿv Pjj|Ó wKš‘ nvq, Gi wK †Kv‡bv mvšÍ¦bv Av‡Q! bxi‡e e‡m Zuvi ewjô †e`bvgvLv wP‡Ëi DËvc Avi R¡vjv Abyfe Ki‡Z †Póv KiwQjvg| B”Qv nw”Qj ewj, ÒAvcbvi †h `ty L, Zv en‡bi †mŠfvM¨ †_‡K ewÂZ e‡jB †Zv evsjvi gmy jgvb AvR nZfvM¨|Ó Zv Avi mvnm n‡jv bv| K_vUv Zuvi Kv‡Q †nuqvwji g‡Zv †kvbvevi m¤¢vebvB †ewk| mg¯Í cÖwZKj~ Zvi weiæ‡× msMÖvg K‡i Zvu ‡K Rqx n‡Z n‡e, †k‡l GB me e‡j Zvu ‡K we`vq w`jvg| m‡¤§j‡bi ˆeVK `yB w`‡bi RvqMvq wZb w`b n‡jv| myLv`¨, my-Avjvc, Mvb, †R¨vr¯œv-D™¢vwmZ gv‡V

62 mvwnZ¨ cvV ev‡mi †ivgvÂ, †Zgwb Pjj| wKš‘ †mw`‡bi mg¯Í myL¯§w„ Zi c®y ú`‡ji gvSLv‡b KuvPv bexb d‡ji g‡Zv †R‡M i‡q‡Q GB Mªvg¨ wkÿ‡Ki ¯§w„ Z| †mLv‡b Avjv‡ci w`‡bi Aemv‡b iv‡Î †mB gv‡Vi wfZiKvi `vjv‡b cvqPvwi Ki‡Z Ki‡Z `‡~ i MÖv‡gi cv‡b †P‡q fvewQjvg Zvu i K_v| gp~ , MZvbyMwZK, me©cÖKv‡i `wi`ª, MÖvgevmx‡`i gvSLv‡b gv_v DPu z K‡i `vu wo‡q‡Q, wKQz DMÖ, AvZ¥vwfgvbx, b¨vqwbô, DbœZ Rxe‡bi Av‡Mœq AvKl©‡Y AvKó… , GB Aa©wkwÿZ cyiæl| †meviKvi mvwnZ¨ m‡¤§j‡b GB wQj Avgvi me PvB‡Z eo Z‡_¨i Avwe®‹vi| AvR cybivq hLb †mB ¯§„wZ g‡b †f‡m DV‡Q ZLb †`LwQ, mZ¨ G GK Avwe®‹vi| me©cÖKv‡i AatcwZZ evsjvi wekvj gmy jgvb mgv‡Ri cyÄxf~Z cÖvYnxbZvi gv‡S †nv_vq †n_vq K¡wPr KL‡bv mZ¨Kvi cÖvY¯ú›`bI †h Abyfe Kiv hvq, G ZviB Avwe®‹vi| wKš‘ †mw`b †f‡e wKQz `ty wLZB n‡qwQjvg, GB mvgvb¨ cÖvY-kw³i Pvicvk wN‡i Kx weKU g„Zy¨ Zvi MÖvm G KZÿY Gwo‡q _vK‡Z cvi‡e! AvR hLb fvewQ, `‡~ i MÐMÖv‡g †mB cwÐZ wbZ¨ Zvi cvwicvwk¦©K nxbZvi m‡½ hSy ‡Q, nqZ K¬všÍ n‡q c‡o‡Q, Zvi Rb¨ mnvbyf~wZ n‡jI `ty L‡eva †bB| G mZ¨Kvi cÖvYewý, wbe©vwcZ nIqvi Av‡M ch©šÍ Zvi cwi‡eób‡K `nb K‡i Pj‡e|− G `n‡bi eo cÖ‡qvRb| kãv_© I UxKv − cÙvb`x AwfgLy x| cÙvi w`‡K cÖengvb| cÙv-Awfmvix − wewkó †jLK-Kwee›„ `| mvwnZ¨gnvi_xe›„ ` − GLv‡b e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ n‡e bv| wedj n‡e bv| †Mu‡R hv‡e bv − jyw½ cwiwnZ| Zneb-civ − LyZev cvVKvix| LwZe − GK nvRv‡ii g‡a¨ bqkZ wbivbeŸB Rb (msL¨v)| nvRviKiv bqkZ wbivbeŸB − Kwe L¨vwZ AR©‡bi A‡cÿvq Av‡Qb Ggb| ZiæY Kwe| KwehktcÖv_x© c`©vq we`ªƒ‡ci ... e¨_©Zvi − evB‡i GK iKg Avi †fZ‡i Ab¨iKg A_©vr AcÖvwßi †e`bv‡K cÖwZNvZ MÖvgxY Z”z QZvq Dc¯’vcb| AvovAvwoi K_v − SMov-weev‡`i cÖm½| AvZ¥vwfgvbx − AnsKvix|

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64 mvwnZ¨ cvV wb‡Pi KweZvskwU c‡o 3 I 4 msL¨K cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| eÜz‡Mv Avi ewj‡Z cvwi bv, eo wel R¡vjv GB e‡y K, †`wLqv ïwbqv †ÿwcqv wMqvwQ, ZvB hvnv Av‡m KB g‡y L, i³ Siv‡Z cvwi bv †Zv GKv ZvB wj‡L hvB G i³ †jLv, --- --- --- cÖv_©bv K‡iv hviv †K‡o Lvq †ZwÎk †KvwU gy‡Li MÖvm, †hb †jLv nq Avgvi i³ †jLvq Zv‡`i me©bvk| 3. KweZvs‡k Kwei wÿßZv ÒcwÐZ mv‡neÓ M‡íi †Kvb PwiÎwUi K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q? K. †jL‡Ki L. BwZnvmÁ eÜiz M. MÖv‡gi cwЇZi N. B݇c±‡ii 4. KweZvs‡k ewY©Z Ae¯’v ÒcwÐZ mv‡neÓ M‡íi Abiy ƒc, KviY Dfq Ae¯’v‡ZB cÖKvwkZ− i. Amnv‡qi `ty L I †ÿvf ii. wbh©vwZZ e¨w³i `p„ msKí iii. cÖwZKj~ Zvq wcwQ‡q Avmvi AwfcÖvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU wVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N . i, ii I iii mR„ bkxj cÖkœ Av‡jvKvqb we`¨vcx‡Vi wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZUv G‡Kev‡iB Ab¨iKg| †mLv‡b gvV-NvU, b`x-bvjv, cvnvo-ce©Z Avi gvb‡y li ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb cÖYvjxi mvwbœ‡a¨ wkÿv_©x‡`i RxebNwbô wkÿv †`Iqv nq| cvV`v‡b AvaywbK cÖhyw³i e¨envi nq| †mB mv‡_ gyL¯’ we`¨v‡K wbiærmvwnZ Kiv nq| ZvB GLvb †_‡K cvm Kiv wkÿv_©xiv mn‡RB mgv‡Ri wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î cÖwZwôZ n‡Z cv‡i| G Kvi‡Y we`¨vcxVwU G A‡j Av`k©¯’vbxq n‡q D‡V‡Q| K. †jLK †Kvb m‡¤§j‡b wM‡qwQ‡jb? L. cwÐZ mv‡n‡ei Rb¨ †jL‡Ki Òmnvbyfw~ Z n‡jI `ty L‡eva †bBÓ †Kb? M. Av‡jvKvqb we`¨vcx‡Vi Kvh©µ‡g ÒcwÐZ mv‡neÓ M‡íi †h w`K d‡z U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| N. ÔcwÐZ mv‡n‡ei Rxeb`k©b Av‡jvKvqb we`¨vcx‡Vi wkÿv`vb c×wZ c‡y ivcywi mvgÄm¨cY~ ©Õ Dw³wUi hv_v_©¨ wbiƒcY Ki|

AvnŸvb wef‚wZfl‚ Y e‡›`¨vcva¨vq †jLK-cwiwPwZ wef~wZf~lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq 1894 mv‡ji 12B †m‡Þ¤^i cwðge‡½i PweŸk ciMbv †Rjvi giy vwiciy MÖv‡g gvgvevwo‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZ…wbevm GKB †Rjvi e¨vivKciy MÖv‡g| wefw~ Zf~l‡Yi evj¨ I ˆK‡kviKvj Kv‡U AZ¨šÍ `vwi‡`ª¨| wKš‘ wZwb wQ‡jb AZ¨šÍ †gavex QvÎ| 1914 mv‡j g¨vwUªK I 1916 mv‡j AvBG − Dfq cixÿvq cÖ_g wefv‡M Ges 1918 mv‡j wWw÷skbmn weG cvm K‡ib| wZwb `xN©w`b ¯‹z‡j wkÿKZv K‡i‡Qb Ges Gi cvkvcvwk kni †_‡K `‡~ i Ae¯’vb K‡i wbiew”Qbœ mvwnZ¨mvabv K‡i‡Qb| evsjvi cÖKw… Z I gvby‡li Rxeb‡K wZwb Zvu i AmvaviY wkímylgvgq fvlvq mvnwRK mvi‡j¨ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| gvbly ‡K wZwb †`‡L‡Qb Mfxi ggZ¡‡eva I wbweo fv‡jvevmv w`‡q| Zvu i M`¨ Kve¨gq I wPÎvZ¥K eY©bvq mgׄ | wefw~ Zf~l‡Yi KvjRqx hyMj Dcb¨vm Ôc‡_i cuvPvjxÕ, ÔAcivwRZvÕ| Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q− Dcb¨vm : Ô`„wó cÖ`xcÕ, ÔAviY¨KÕ, Ô†`ehvbÕ I ÔBQvgwZÕ; MíMÖš’ : Ô†gNgjøviÕ, Ô†gŠwidjz Õ, ÔhvÎve`jÕ I ÔwKbœi `jÕ| wefw~ Zf~lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq 1950 mv‡ji c‡njv †m‡Þ¤^i NvUwkjvq gZ„ ¨z eiY K‡ib| †`‡ki Nievwo †bB A‡bKw`b †_‡KB| ˆcZK… evwo hv wQj †f‡OP‡z i wfwU‡Z R½j MwR‡q‡Q| G Ae¯’vq GKw`b wM‡qwQ †`‡k wK‡mi GKUv QzwU‡Z| MÖv‡gi P‡°vwË gkvq Avgvi evevi cyivZb eÜ|z Avgv‡K †`‡L Lye Lwy k n‡jb| ej‡jbÑKZKvj c‡i evev g‡b coj †`‡ki K_v? cÖYvg K‡i cv‡qi ayjv wbjvg| ej‡jbÑG‡mv, G‡mv, †e‡u P _v‡Kv, `xN©Rxex nI| evwoNi Ki‡e bv? −Av‡Á mvgvb¨ gvB‡b cvB− −Zv‡Z Kx? MÖv‡gi †Q‡j MÖv‡g evm Ki‡e, G‡Z Avi mvgvb¨ gvB‡b †ewk gvB‡b Kx? Avwg Lo euvk w`w”Q, PvjvNi Zz‡j †dj, gv‡S gv‡S hvZvqvZ K‡iv| AviI A‡b‡K G‡m aij, AšÍZ L‡oi Ni IVv‡Z n‡e| A‡bK w`b c‡i MÖv‡g G‡m jvM‡Q fv‡jvB| eo AvgevMv‡bi ga¨ w`‡q evRv‡ii w`‡K hvw”Q, AvgMv‡Qi Qvqvq GKwU eׄ vi †Pnviv, Wvb nv‡Z bwo VKVK Ki‡Z Ki‡Z †evanq evRv‡ii w`‡K P‡j‡Q| eywo‡K †`‡LB Avwg `uvwo‡q †Mjvg| wRÁvmv Kijvg, †Kv_vq hv‡e? −evRv‡i evev| ewy o Avgvq fv‡jv bv †`L‡Z †c‡q wKsev bv wPb‡Z †c‡i Wvb nvZ DuwP‡q Zvjy Avofv‡e †Pv‡Li Ici aij| ejj, †K evev Zwz g? †Pbjvg bv †Zv? −wPb‡e bv| Avwg A‡bK w`b Mvu ‡q Avwm wb| −Zv n‡e evev| Avwg Av‡M †Zv Gcvov-Icvov hvZvg AvmZvg bv| wZwb _vKwZ Afve wQj bv †Kv‡bv wRwb‡mi| †Mvjv‡cviv avb, †Mvqvj‡cviv Miæ|

66 mvwnZ¨ cvV −†Zvgv‡K †Zv wPb‡Z cvijvg bv, eywo? −Avgvi †Zv †Zbvi bvg Ki‡Z †bB evev| Kiv‡Zi KvR Ki‡Zb| ejjvg, †Zvgvi †Q‡j Av‡Q? −†KD †bB evev, †KD †bB| GK bvZ-RvgvB Av‡Q †Zv †m †gv‡i fvZ †`q bv| Avgvi eÇ Kó| fvZ †Rv‡U bv mew`b| ewy o‡K c‡KU †_‡K wKQz cqmv evi K‡i w`jvg| −e¨vcviUv GLv‡bB Pz‡K hv‡e †f‡ewQjvg| wKš‘ Zv PKy j bv| c‡ii w`b mKv‡j Ngy †_‡K D‡VwQ, Ggb mgq †mB eywo jvwV VKVK Ki‡Z Ki‡Z nvwRi D‡Vv‡b| _vwK GK ÁvwZ L‡y ovi evwo| wZwb ej‡jb, I n‡jv Rwgi KivwZi ¯¿x| A‡bKw`b Av‡M g‡i wM‡q‡Q Rwgi| ewy o D‡Vv‡b `vu wo‡q WvKj, I evev| †evanq †Pv‡L GKUz Kg †`‡L| ejjvg, GB †h Avwg GLv‡b| Avgvi L‡y ovgkvq ewy o‡K eywS‡q w`‡jb Avwg †K| †m D‡Vv‡bi KuvVvjZjvq e‡m Avcb g‡b Ley LvwbKUv e‡K †Mj| ciw`b KjKvZv P‡j †Mjvg, Qwz U dwz i‡q †Mj| K‡qK gvm c‡i ˆR¨ô gv‡m Mi‡gi QzwU‡Z Avgvi bZzb ˆZwi L‡oi NiLvbv‡Z G‡m DVjvg| KjKvZv‡Z Kg©e¨¯Í GB KÕgv‡mi g‡a¨ eywo‡K GKeviI g‡b c‡owb ev GLv‡b G‡mI g‡b nVvr nqZ n‡Zv bv, hw` †m Zvi c‡ii w`bB mKv‡j Avgvi N‡ii wbPz `vIqvq G‡m bv e‡m coZ| ejjvg, Kx ewy o, fv‡jv AvQ? gqjv †Quov Kvc‡oi cÖvšÍ †_‡K †MvUvKZK Avg Ly‡j Avgvi mvg‡b gvwU‡Z †i‡L ejj, Avgvi wK giY Av‡Q †i evev| wRÁvmv Kijvg, I Avg Kx‡mi| `šÍnxb g‡y L GKUz nvmevi †Póv K‡i ej‡j, A †Mvcvj Avgvi, †Zvi Rwb¨ wb‡q Avjvg| Mv‡Qi Avg †ek Kov wgwó, †L‡q †`L GLb| e‡ov fv‡jv jvMj| MÖv‡g A‡bKw`b †_‡K Avcbvi Rb †KD †bB| GKUv Nwbô Av`‡ii m‡¤^vab Kivi †jv‡Ki †`Lv cvB wb evj¨Kv‡j gv-wcwmgv gviv hvIqvi ci †_‡K| ewy o ej‡j, LvI †Kv_vq n¨u v evev? −Ly‡ov gkv‡qi evwo| −†ek hZœ K‡i †Zv Ibviv? −Zv K‡i| −`ay cv”P fv‡jv? −Nwyu U †Mvqvwjbx †`q, g›` bv|

AvnŸvb 67 −I evev, Ii `ay ! A‡a©K Rj− `ay †LwZ cv”P bv fv‡jv †m ey‡SwP| ciw`b mKvj n‡q‡Q m‡e, ewy o †`wL D‡Vv‡b G‡m WvK‡Q, A †Mvcvj| weQvbv †Q‡o D‡V ejjvg, Av‡i GZ mKv‡j Kx g‡b K‡i| nv‡Z Kx? e„×v nv‡Zi bwo Avgvi `vIqvi Mv‡q †Vm w`‡q †i‡L ejj, GK NwU `ya Avbjvg †Zvi Rwb¨| −†m Kx! `ya †c‡j †Kv_vq GZ mKv‡j? Avgvq gv e‡j Wv‡K IB nvRiv e¨vUvi eD| ZviI †KD †bB| †gvi PvjvN‡ii cv‡k Ii PvjvNi| I‡i Kvj ivwˇi e‡j †i‡L w`‡qwQjvg, ewj eD Avgvi, †Mvcvj `ay †LwZ cvq bv| ZvB AvR †fv‡i D‡V †`wL Avgv‡i WvK‡P, gv I‡Vv, †Zvgvi †Mvcv‡ji Rwb¨ `ya wb‡q hvI| −Av”Qv †Kb ej‡Zv †Zvgvi Gme! G iKg Avi KLbI G‡bv bv| KZ cqmv `vg w`‡Z n‡e ej| KZUv `ay ? ewy o GKUz Nve‡o †Mj| f‡q f‡q e‡j, †Kb evev, cqmv †Kb? −cqmv bv †Zv Zwz g `ay cv‡e †Kv_vq? −IB †h, ejjvg evev, Avgvi †g‡qi evwo †_‡K| −Zv †nvK, Zzwg cqmv wb‡q hvI| †mI †Zv Mwie †jvK| ewy o cqmv wb‡q P‡j †Mj e‡U wKš‘ †m †h `‡g wM‡q‡Q Zvi K_vevZ©vi ai‡b †ek eSy ‡Z cvijvg| g‡b GKUz Kó n‡jv ewy o P‡j †M‡j| cqmv w`‡Z hvIqv wVK n‡q‡Q wK? ewy oi Kx iKg nqZ gb c‡o wM‡q‡Q Avgvi Ici, †¯œ‡ni `vb− Ggb Kiv wVK nqwb| ewy o wKš‘ G Ae‡njv Mv‡q gvLj bv Av‡`Š| cÖwZw`b mKvj n‡Z bv n‡ZB †m G‡m RyU‡e| −A †Mvcvj, GB `ywU KwP kmvi Rvwj †gvi Mv‡Qi, GB b¨vI| bby w`‡q LvI w`wKb †gvi mvg‡b? −ewy o †Zvgvi P‡j Kx‡m? −IB hv‡i †g‡q ewj, I eÇ fv‡jv| †jv‡Ki avb fv‡b, ZvB Pvj cvq, Avgvq `y‡Uv bv w`‡q Lvq bv| −GKv _vK? −Zv GKw`b †gvi NiLvbv bv nq †`LwZ †M‡j, A †gvi †Mvcvj! Avwg bZbz LvRiy cvZvi †PUvB e‡y b †i‡L w`‡qwQjvg †Zvgv‡i emwZ †`evi Rwb¨| †mevi eywoi evwo‡Z Avgvi hvIqv N‡U DVj bv| bvbvw`‡K e¨¯Í _vwK| A‡bK w`b c‡i MÖv‡g G‡mwQ †Zv! †h Kw`b MÖv‡g _vwK eywo †ivR mKv‡j Avm‡Z fzj‡e bv| wKQz bv wKQz Avb‡eB| KL‡bv cvKv Avg, KL‡bv cvwZ †jey, KL‡bv ev GKQov KuvPKjv wK GK-dvwj Kgz ‡ov| cby ivq MÖv‡g Gjvg cuvPÑQq gvm c‡i, Avwk¦b gv‡mi †k‡l| K‡qKw`b c‡i N‡i e‡m AvwQ, evB‡ii D‡Vv‡b `uvwo‡q †K †hb wRÁvmv Ki‡j; evey N‡i Av‡Qb Mv? evB‡i G‡m †`wL MZ ˆR¨ô gv‡m hv‡K ewy oi m‡½ †`‡LwQjvg †mB ga¨eqmx ¯¿x‡jvKwU| Avgvq †`‡L mj¾fv‡e gv_vi KvcoUv Avi GKUz †U‡b †`evi †Póv K‡i †m ej‡j, evey K‡e G‡m‡Qb? −w`b cvu P-Qq n‡jv| †Kb? −Avgvi †mB gv †cwU‡q w`‡j, e‡j †`‡L G‡mv wM‡q| −†K?

68 mvwnZ¨ cvV −IB †mB eywo− GLv‡b whwb AvmZ| †Zbvi eÇ AmyL| Gevi †evanq evuP‡e bv| †Mvcvj K‡e Avm‡e, †Mvcvj K‡e Avm‡e− Aw¯’i, Avgv‡i †ivR ïavq| GKevi †`‡L Avmby wM‡q, eÇ Lywk n‡e Zvnwj| we‡K‡ji w`‡K †eov‡Z hvevi c‡_ †`L‡Z †Mjvg ewy o‡K| ewy o ï‡q Av‡Q GKUv gv`‡y ii Ici, gv_vq gwjb evwjk| Avwg wM‡q Kv‡Q `vu ov‡ZB ewy o †PvL †g‡j Avgvi w`‡K PvBj| c‡i Avgv‡K wP‡b aogo K‡i weQvbv †Q‡o DVevi †Póv Ki‡ZB Avwg ejjvg, D‡Vv bv, I Kx? ewy o Avn¬v‡` AvULvbv n‡q ejj, fv‡jv AvQ A †gvi †Mvcvj? em‡Z †` †Mvcvj‡K| em‡Z †`| −emevi `iKvi †bB, _vK| −†Mvcv‡j‡i IB LvR‡y ii PULvbv †c‡Z †`| c‡i wVK †hb Avcbvi gv wK wcwmgvi g‡Zv Aby‡hv‡Mi my‡i ej‡Z jvMj, †Zvi Rwb¨ LvR‡y ii PvUvBLvbv KwÏb Av‡M e‡y b †i‡Ljvg| ILvbv ciy ‡bv n‡q †f‡½ hv‡”Q| ZBz GKw`bI Gwj bv †Mvcvj| AmLy n‡q‡Q ZvI †`L‡Z Gwj bv| ewy oi `‡y PvL †e‡q Rj †e‡q co‡Q Mwo‡q| Avgvq ejj, †Mvcvj, hw` gwi, Avgvi Kvd‡bi Kvco ZzB wK‡b w`m| Avmevi mgq eywoi cvZv‡bv †g‡qwUi nv‡Z wKQz w`‡q Gjvg c_¨ I d‡ji Rb¨| nqZ Avi †ewk w`b evu P‡e bv, GB AmyL †_‡K DV‡e bv| ewy o wKš‘ †m hvÎv †m‡i DVj| eQiLv‡bK Avi MÖv‡g hvBwb| †evanq †`o eQiI n‡Z cv‡i| GKevi ki‡Zi Qwz Ui ci ZLbI `yBw`b QzwU nv‡Z Av‡Q| MÖv‡gB †Mjvg GB `By w`b KvUv‡Z| MÖv‡g XKz ‡ZB cÖ_‡g †`Lv ciï m`©v‡ii eD w`M¤^ixi m‡½| w`M¤^ix AevK n‡q e‡j, Igv AvRB Zwz g G‡j? †m ewy o †h Kvj iv‡Z gviv wM‡q‡Q| †Zvgvi bvg Ki‡jv eÇ| Ii †mB cvZv‡bv †g‡q AvR mKv‡j ej‡Qj| Avwg G‡mwQ ï‡b ewy oi bvZRvgvB †`Lv Ki‡Z Gj| Avgvi g‡b coj eywo e‡jwQj †mB GKw`b− Avwg g‡i †M‡j ZBz Kvd‡bi Kvco wK‡b w`m evev| Ii †¯œnvZzi AvZ¥v eû `i~ †_‡K Avgvq AvnŸvb K‡i G‡b‡Q| Avgvi gb nqZ Ii WvK Gevi Avi Zvw”Qj¨ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Kvco †Kbevi UvKv w`jvg| bvZRvgvB e‡j †Mj, gvwU †`Iqvi mgq GKevi hv‡eb evey| †ejv ev‡ivUv Av›`vR hv‡eb| ki‡Zi KUwz Z³ MÜ IVv eb‡Svc I gvKvj-jZv †`vjv‡bv GKUv cÖvPxb wZwËivR Mv‡Qi Zjvq eׄ v‡K Kei †`Iqv n‡”Q| Avwg wM‡q emjvg| Ave`jy , ïKiz wgqv, bmi, Avgv‡`i m‡½ coZ Av‡e`vwj, Zvi †Q‡j Mwb| Giv mK‡j Mv‡Qi Qvqvq e‡m| cÖexY ïKiz wgqv Avgvq †`‡L ejj, GB †h evev, G‡mv| ewy oi gvwU †`Iqvi w`b Zzwg K‡b †_‡K G‡j, Zzwg †Zv Rvb‡Z bv? †Zvgvq †h eÇ fv‡jvevmZ eywo| `Ry b †Rvqvb †Q‡j Kei Lyuo‡Q| Kei †`Iqvi ci mK‡j GK GK †Kv`vj gvwU w`j Ke‡ii Dci| ïKzi wgqv ejj, `¨vI evev− ZzwgI `¨vI| w`jvg GK †Kv`vj gvwU| m‡½ m‡½ g‡b n‡jv, I †eu‡P _vK‡j e‡j DVZ,− A †gvi †Mvcvj| [ms‡ÿwcZ]

AvnŸvb 69 kãv_© I UxKv − ÔPµeZx©Õ Dcvwai mswÿß iƒc| c~Rvix eªvþ‡Yi Dcvwawe‡kl| P‡°vËx − jvwV| bwo − Amnv‡qi GKgvÎ Aej¤^b| A‡Üi bwo − †Mvjvfiv| †Mvjv‡cviv − †Mvqvjfiv| †Mqvj‡cviv − KvV †PivB Kivi †ckv| Kiv‡Zi KvR − KivZ w`‡q KvV †K‡U RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i †h| KivwZ − †ivqvK| eviv›`v| `vIqv cvV-cwiwPwZ ÒAvnŸvbÓ MíwU wef~wZfl~ Y e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi iPbvewj †_‡K msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| GwU GKwU D`vi gvbweK m¤ú‡K©i Mí| gvb‡y li †¯œn-ggZv-cÖxwZi †h euvab Zv abm¤ú‡` bq, ü`‡qi wbweo AvšÍwiKZvi ¯ú‡k©B M‡o I‡V| abx-`wi‡`ªi †kÖwYwefvM I ˆelg¨, wewfbœ a‡g©i gvby‡li g‡a¨ †h `i~ Z¡ ms¯‹vi I †Muvovwgi d‡j M‡o I‡V ZvI Ny‡P †h‡Z cv‡iÑ wbweo †¯œn, D`vi ü`‡qi AvšÍwiKZv I gvbexq `w„ ói d‡j| `vwi`ª¨-cxwoZ MÖv‡gi gvb‡y li mnR-mij Rxebavivi cÖwZdjbI GB M‡íi Ab¨Zg DcRxe¨| G M‡í †jLK `wy U wfbœ ag©, eY© I Avw_©K Ae¯’v‡b †e‡o-IVv Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨ msKxY©Zv I ms¯‹vigy³ g‡bvfw½i cÖKvk NwU‡q‡Qb| MÖvgxY †jvKvqZ cÖvwšÍK Rxebaviv kv¯¿xq K‡VviZv †_‡K †h A‡bKUv gy³ †m-mZ¨I G M‡í D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q‡Q| eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ L. Av‡e`vwj 1. ÒAvnŸvbÓ M‡í K_‡Ki mncvVx †K wQ‡jb? N. bmi K. Ave`yj L. †¯œn fv‡jvevmvi Uv‡b M. ïKzi wgqv N. AwZw_ civqb e‡j 2. ewy o †Kb evievi †Mvcv‡ji Kv‡Q †h‡Zb? K. cqmv cvIqvi †jv‡f M. wbtm½Zv `iy Ki‡Z

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80 mvwnZ¨ cvV ¯úó K_v ejvq GKUv Awebq wbðq _v‡K; wKš‘ Zv‡Z Kó cvIqvUv `ey j© Zv| wbR‡K wPb‡j, wb‡Ri mZ¨‡KB wb‡Ri KYa© vi g‡b Rvb‡j wb‡Ri kw³i Ici AUUz wekv¦ m Av‡m| GB ¯v^ ej¤b^ , GB wb‡Ri Ici AUUz wekv¦ m Ki‡ZB †kLvw”Q‡jb gnvZ¥v MvÜxwR| wKš‘ Avgiv Zvu i K_v eSy jvg bv, ÒAvwg AvwQÓ GB K_v bv e‡j mevB ej‡Z jvMjvg ÒMvÜxwR Av‡QbÓ| GB civej¤b^ B Avgv‡`i wbw®Œq K‡i †dj‡j| G‡KB e‡j me‡P‡q eo `vmZ|¡ Aš‡Í i hv‡`i GZ †Mvjvwgi fve, Zviv evB‡ii †Mvjvwg †_‡K †invB cv‡e Kx K‡i? AvZ¥v‡K wPb‡jB AvZ¥wbfi© Zv Av‡m| GB AvZ¥wbfi© Zv †hw`b mwZ¨ mwZ¨B Avgv‡`i Avm‡e, †mB w`bB Avgiv ¯v^ axb ne, Zvi Av‡M wKQ‡z ZB bq| wb‡R wbw®Œq †_‡K Ab¨ GKRb gnvciy ly ‡K cvÖ Yc‡Y fw³ Ki‡jB hw` †`k D×vi n‡q †hZ, Zvn‡j GB †`k GZw`b civaxb _vKZ bv| AvZ¥‡K †Pbv wb‡Ri mZ¨‡K eo g‡b Kivi `¤−¢ Avi hvB †nvK fÐvwg bq| G-`¤¢ wki DPu z K‡i, ciy æl K‡i, g‡b GKUv Ô†Wv›U †KqviÕ-fve Av‡b| Avi hv‡`i GB Z_vKw_Z `¤¢ Av‡Q, ïay ZvivB Amva¨ mvab Ki‡Z cvi‡e| hvi wfwË c‡P †M‡Q, Zv‡K GK`g Dc‡o †d‡j bZzb K‡i wfwË bv Muv_‡j Zvi Ici BgviZ hZevi Lvov Kiv hv‡e, ZZeviB Zv c‡o hv‡e| †`‡ki hviv kÎæ, †`‡ki hv-wKQz wg_¨v, fÐvwg, †gwK Zv me `i~ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb n‡e Av¸‡bi m¤§vR©bv! Avgvi Ggb ¸iæ †KD †bB, hvi LvwZ‡i †m Av¸b-mZ¨‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i Kviæi wg_¨v ev fÐvwg‡K cÖkÖq †`‡e| Avwg †m-`vmZ¡ n‡Z m¤ú~Y© gy³| Avwg †Kv‡bv w`bB Kviæi evYx‡K †e`evK¨ e‡j †g‡b †be bv, hw` Zvi mZ¨Zv cÖv‡Y Zvi mvov bv †`q| bv ey‡S †evSvi fÐvwg K‡i cvu P R‡bi kÖ×v Avi cÖksmv cvevi †jvf Avwg †Kv‡bv w`bB Kie bv| f‡z ji ga¨ w`‡q wM‡qB Z‡e mZ¨‡K cvIqv hvq| †Kv‡bv fzj KiwQ eSy ‡Z cvi‡jB Avwg cÖvY L‡y j Zv ¯^xKvi K‡i †be| wKš‘ bv ey‡SI bq, f‡qI bq| fjz KiwQ ev K‡iwQ ey‡SI ïay †R‡`i LvwZ‡i ev †Muv eRvq ivLevi R‡b¨ fzjUv‡K a‡i _vKe bv| Zvn‡j Avgvi Av¸b †mB w`bB wb‡f hv‡e| GKgvÎ wg_¨vi RjB GB wkLv‡K wbfv‡Z cvi‡e| ZvQvov †KD wbfv‡Z cvi‡e bv| gvbly -ag©B me‡P‡q eo ag©| wn›`y-gymjgv‡bi wgj‡bi AšÍivq ev dvu wK †KvbLv‡b Zv †`wL‡q w`‡q Gi Mj` `~i Kiv Avgvi G c‡_i Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨| gvby‡l gvb‡y l †hLv‡b cÖv‡Yi wgj, Av`Z m‡Z¨i wgj, †mLv‡b a‡g©i ˆelg¨, †Kv‡bv wnsmvi `ykgwbi fve Av‡b bv| hvi wb‡Ri a‡g© wek¦vm Av‡Q, †h wb‡Ri a‡g©i mZ¨‡K wP‡b‡Q, †m KL‡bv Ab¨ ag©‡K N„Yv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †`‡ki c‡ÿ hv g½jKi ev mZ¨, ïay ZvB jÿ¨ K‡i GB Av¸‡bi SvÛv `wy j‡q c‡_ evwni njvg| [ms‡ÿwcZ I cwigvwR©Z] kãv_© I UxKv − †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`v‡bi mvg_©¨ Av‡Q Ggb e¨w³| KY©avi − Awfev`b| m¤§vb cÖ`k©b| Kzwb©k − mgv‡Ri wbqg cvëv‡Z †M‡j evavi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq, mgvRiÿK‡`i Awfkvc-i‡_i mviw_ Avµg‡Yi wkKvi n‡Z nq| G K_v †R‡bI bRiæj Zvu i wek¦vm‡K †gwK cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| mKj Ab¨v‡qi weiæ‡× wZwb Awfkvc n‡q m¤§vR©bv Avwef‚©Z n‡q‡Qb| wb‡RB e‡m‡Qb i_PvjK Z_v mviw_i Avm‡b| Av¸‡bi SvÛv − wg_¨v| KcU| − N‡l-†g‡R cwi®‹vi Kiv| − AwMœcZvKv| Av¸‡b me ï× K‡i wb‡q m‡Z¨i c‡_ Iov‡bv wbkvb|

Avgvi c_ 81 cvV-cwiwPwZ cÖeÜwU KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi myweL¨vZ cÖeÜMÖš’ Ôiæ`ª-g½jÕ †_‡K msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| ÒAvgvi c_Ó cÖe‡Ü bRiæj Ggb GK ÔAvwgÕi Avevnb cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb hvi c_ m‡Z¨i c_; mZ¨ cÖKv‡k wZwb wbf©xK Ams‡KvP| Zvu i GB ÔAvwgÕ-fvebv we›`y‡Z wmÜyi D”Q¡vm RvMvq| bRiæj cÖwZwU gvbly ‡K cY~ © GK ÔAvwgÕi mxgvq e¨vß Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb; GKBm‡½, GK gvbyl‡K Av‡iK gvby‡li m‡½ wgwj‡q ÔAvgivÕ n‡q DV‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| ¯^wba©vwiZ GB Rxeb-msKí‡K wZwb Zuvi g‡Zv AviI hviv mZ¨c‡_i cw_K n‡Z AvMÖnx Zv‡`i D‡Ï‡k Qwo‡q w`‡Z Pvb| GB m‡Z¨i Dcjwä Kwei cÖvYcÖvPz‡h©i Drmwe›`y| wZwb ZvB Abvqv‡m ej‡Z cv‡ib, ÔAvgvi KY©avi Avwg| Avgvi c_ †`Lv‡e Avgvi mZ¨|Õ iæ`ª-†Z‡R wg_¨vi fq‡K Rq K‡i m‡Z¨i Av‡jvq wb‡R‡K wP‡b wb‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i bRiæ‡ji GB ÔAvwgÕ mËv| Zuvi c_wb‡`©kK mZ¨ Awebq‡K †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ Ab¨vq‡K mn¨ K‡i bv| mgvR I mgKvj ch©‡eÿ‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q cÖvewÜK †`‡L‡Qb †h, my¯úófv‡e wb‡Ri wek¦vm Avi mZ¨‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z bv Rvb‡j ˆZwi nq ciwbf©iZv, AvnZ nq Avgv‡`i e¨w³Z¡| bRiæ‡ji Kv‡Q GB fMœ AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi Møvwb MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| Gi cwie‡Z© wZwb cÖ‡qvR‡b `vw¤¢K n‡Z Pvb; †Kbbv Zuvi wek¦vm− m‡Z¨i `¤¢ hv‡`i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i c‡ÿB †Kej Amva¨ mvab Kiv m¤¢e| bRiæj GB cÖe‡Ü †`wL‡q‡Qb †h, wZwb fzj Ki‡Z ivwR Av‡Qb wKš‘ fÐvwg Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z bb| fjz †R‡bI Zv‡K wVK e‡j Pvwj‡q †`evi KcUZv wKsev †R` Zuvi `„wó‡Z fÐvwg| GB fjy e¨w³i n‡Z cv‡i, mgv‡Ri n‡Z cv‡i wKsev n‡Z cv‡i †Kv‡bv cÖKvi wek¦v‡mi| Z‡e Zv hviB †nvK Avi †hgbB †nvK Gi †_‡K †ewi‡q AvmvB bRiæ‡ji GKvšÍ cÖZ¨vkv| wZwb Rv‡bb, GB †ewi‡q Avmv m¤¢e n‡jB gvby‡li m‡½ gvby‡li cÖv‡Yi mw¤§jb NUv‡bv m¤¢e n‡e| gbly ¨Z¡‡ev‡a RvMÖZ n‡Z cvi‡jB a‡g©i mZ¨ D‡b¥vwPZ n‡e, GK a‡g©i m‡½ Aci a‡g©i we‡iva wg‡U hv‡e| m¤¢e n‡e †MvUv gvbe mgvR‡K HK¨e× Kiv; Avi GB H‡K¨i g~j kw³ n‡jv m¤cÖxwZ| GB m¤cÖxwZi eÜb kw³kvjx n‡j gvby‡li g‡a¨ mnbkxjZv ev‡o| wfbœ ag©-gZ-c‡_i gvby‡li cÖwZ kÖ×v‡eva Rv‡M| Avi GB m¤cÖxwZi ga¨ w`‡q DrKó… gvbe mgvR M‡o †Zvjv m¤¢e| eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg †KvbwU‡K bg¯‹vi Rvwb‡q‡Qb? K. ZviæY¨‡K L. mZ¨‡K M. ivRfq‡K N.†jvKfq‡K 2. fz‡ji ga¨ w`‡q Kxfv‡e mZ¨‡K cvIqv hvq? K. evi evi fjz K‡i L. fjz †_‡K wkÿv wb‡q M. fjz †P‡c †i‡L N. fjz ¯^xKvi K‡i

82 mvwnZ¨ cvV wb‡Pi KweZvskwU c‡o 3 I 4 msL¨K cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| mZ¨ †h KwVb, KwV‡b‡i fv‡jvevwmjvg †m KL‡bv K‡i bv eÂbv| 3. ÒAvgvi c_Ó cÖe‡Üi †h †h evK¨ KweZvs‡ki e³e¨wUi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Zv n‡jvÑ i. Avgvi c_ †`Lv‡e mZ¨ ii. bg¯‹vi KiwQ mZ¨‡K iii. GB Av¸‡bi SvÛv `wy j‡q evwni njvg wb‡Pi †KvbwU wVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 4. D³ cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i KviY, mZ¨B− i. my›`iZg ii. gwy ³i c_ iii. Av‡jvi w`kvix wb‡Pi †KvbwU wVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii m„Rbkxj cÖkœ Ave`yj gv‡jK mvivwU Rxeb wkÿKZv K‡i‡Qb, M‡o‡Qb Av‡jvwKZ gvbyl| Aemi MÖn‡Yi ci wZwb M‡o Z‡z j‡Qb ÔZviæY¨Õ bv‡g †mev-msMVb| wewfbœ mgvRKj¨vYg~jK Kv‡Ri cvkvcvwk c_wkï‡`i wkÿv`vb, `by ©xwZ-we‡ivax Awfhvb, ˆbwZKZv I g~j¨‡eva welqK †mwgbv‡ii Av‡qvRb K‡ib wZwb| A‡b‡K Zvu i Kv‡Ri cÖksmv K‡ib Avevi wb›`v I KU~w³ Ki‡ZI Qv‡ob bv †KD †KD| wZwb ZiæY‡`i D‡Ï‡k e‡jb− g‡b‡i AvR Kn †h fv‡jv g›` hvnvB AvmyK m‡Z¨‡i jI mn‡R| K. KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi g‡Z †KvbwU Avgv‡`i wbw®Œq K‡i †`q? L. Kwe wb‡R‡K ÒAwfkvc i‡_i mviw_Ó e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb †Kb? M. DÏxc‡K Ave`jy gv‡j‡Ki gva¨‡g ÒAvgvi c_Ó cÖe‡Üi †h evYx D”PvwiZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| N. DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡ki e³e¨ †PZbvq aviY K‡i Av‡jvwKZ c„w_ex M‡o †Zvjv m¤¢e|− cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K gšÍe¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki|

Rxeb I e„ÿ †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayix †jLK-cwiwPwZ †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayixi Rb¥ 1903 wLªóv‡ã †bvqvLvjx †Rjvi KvÂbcy‡i| wZwb ¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Qb Ôeyw×i gyw³ Av‡›`vjbÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ evOvwj gymjgvb mgv‡Ri AMÖMwZi GK hyMvšÍKvix Av‡›`vj‡bi Ab¨Zg KvÐvwi wn‡m‡e| mvwn‡Z¨i A½‡b I ev¯Íe Rxe‡b Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB wZwb wQ‡jb †mŠ›`h©‡eva, gy³ewy ×-†PZbv I gvbe‡cÖ‡gi Av`‡k©i Abymvix| wZwb wQ‡jb KvRx Ave`yj I``y , Aveyj û‡mb, KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb, Avejy dRj, Ave`yj Kvw`i cÖg‡y Li mn‡hvMx| gbbkxj, wPšÍv-DÏxcK I cwikxwjZ M‡`¨i iPwqZv wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡ki †jLK‡`i g‡a¨ wZwb wewkó n‡q Av‡Qb| Zviu MÖš’ Ôms¯‹…wZ K_vÕ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖeÜÑmvwn‡Z¨ GK wewkó ms‡hvRb| Zviu cÖKvwkZ Ab¨ `ywU MÖš’ n‡”Q K¬vBf †ej-Gi ÔCivilizationÕ MÖš’ Aej¤^‡b iwPZ Ômf¨ZvÕ Ges eviUªvÛ iv‡m‡ji ‘Conquest of Happiness’ MÖ‡š’i Abey v` ÔmLy Õ| evsjv GKv‡Wwg Zuvi cÖKvwkZ I AcÖKvwkZ mg¯Í iPbv iPbvewj-AvKv‡i cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| PÆMÖvg K‡j‡R Aa¨vcbvKv‡j 1956 wLªóv‡ãi 18B †m‡Þ¤^i wZwb g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| mgv‡Ri KvR †Kej wU‡K _vKvi mwy eav †`Iqv bq, gvbly ‡K eo K‡i †Zvjv, weKwkZ Rxe‡bi Rb¨ gvb‡y li Rxe‡b AvMnÖ RvwM‡q †`Iqv| ¯í^ cvÖ Y ¯j~’ ewy × I Rei`w¯wÍ cqÖ gvb‡y l msmvi cwicY~ |© Zv‡`i KvR wb‡Ri Rxeb‡K mv_K© I m›y `i K‡i †Zvjv bq, Ac‡ii mv_K© Zvi c‡_ AšiÍ vq mw„ ó Kiv| †cgÖ I †mŠ›`‡hi© ¯úk© jvf K‡iwb e‡j Giv wbôiz I weKZ… ewy ×| G‡`i GKgvÎ †`eZv AnsKvi| ZviB Pi‡Y Zviv wb‡ew`ZcvÖ Y| e¨w³MZ AnsKvi, cvwievwiK AnsKvi, RvwZMZ AnsKviÑ G m‡ei wbkvb Iov‡bvB G‡`i KvR| gv‡S gv‡S gvbe‡c‡Ö gi K_vI Zviv e‡j| wKš‘ Zv‡Z †bkv a‡i bv, g‡b nq AvšwÍ iKZvkb~ ¨, Dcjwänxb ewy j| G‡`i ¯’v‡b G‡b w`‡Z n‡e eo gvbly Ñ m²~ ewy × D`viü`q MfxiwPË e¨w³, hv‡`i Kv‡Q eo n‡q DV‡e Rxe‡bi weKvk, †Kej wU‡K _vKv bq| Zv‡`i Kv‡Q Rxebv`‡k©i cÖZxK n‡e cÖvYnxb Qvu P ev Kj bq, mRxe e„ÿÑ hvi e„w× Av‡Q, MwZ Av‡Q, weKvk Av‡Q, d‡z j d‡j cwic~Y© n‡q Ac‡ii †mevi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z nIqv hvi KvR| e„‡ÿi Rxe‡bi MwZ I weKvk‡K Dcjwä Kiv `iKvi, bB‡j mv_©KZv I cwicY~ ©Zvi Qwe †Pv‡Li mvg‡b dwz U‡q †Zvjv m¤¢e n‡e bv| e‡„ ÿi w`‡K ZvKv‡j Rxe‡bi Zvrch© Dcjwä mnR nq| ZvB, evievi †mw`‡K ZvKv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb| gvwUi im †U‡b wb‡q wb‡R‡K †gvUv‡mvUv K‡i †Zvjv‡ZB e„‡ÿi Kv‡Ri mgvwß bq| Zv‡K djz †dvUv‡Z nq, dj aiv‡Z nq| bB‡j Zvi Rxeb Am¤ú~Y© †_‡K hv‡e| ZvB eÿ„ ‡K mv_©KZvi cÖZxK wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv mRxeZv I mv_©KZvi Ggb RxešÍ `ó„ všÍ Avi †bB| Aek¨ iex›`ªbv_ Ab¨ K_v e‡j‡Qb| d‡z ji †dvUv Avi b`xi MwZi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i wZwb b`xi MwZi g‡a¨B gbly ¨‡Z¡i mv`k„ ¨ †`L‡Z †c‡q‡Qb| Zuvi g‡b gbyl¨‡Z¡i †e`bv b`xi MwZ‡ZB Dcjä nq, d‡z ji †dvUvq bq| d‡z ji †dvUv mnR, b`xi MwZ mnR bqÑ Zv‡K A‡bK evav wWOv‡bvi `ytL †c‡Z nq| wKš‘ dz‡ji †dvUvi w`‡K bv ZvwK‡q e„‡ÿi dzj †dvUv‡bvi w`‡K ZvKv‡j †evanq iex›`ªbv_ fv‡jv Ki‡Zb| Z‡cveb‡cÖwgK iex›`ªbv_ †Kb †h Zv Ki‡jb bv †evSv gky wKj| Rvwb, ejv n‡e : b`xi MwZ‡Z gbyl¨‡Z¡i `ytL hZUv ¯úó n‡q I‡V e‡„ ÿi djz †dvUv‡bvq Zv ZZ ¯úó n‡q I‡V bv| ZvB Kwe b`x‡KB gbly ¨‡Z¡i cÖZxK Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|

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