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Currriculum Development Centre

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PsfO xfdL / xfd|f] ;dfh ! kf7 M Ps dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf; Currriculum Development Centre dfgj ;;+ fwgn] sg' } klg sfdsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;fdfGo tyf k|fljlws dfgj ;|ft] nfO{ ae' mfpF5 . o;n] ;fdfGo sfdbf/b]lv pRr tyf bIf kf| ljlws;Ddsf dfgj hgzlStnfO{ ;d6] \\5 . bz] sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:sl[ ts / j1} flgs pGgltsf nflu dfgj ;f| ]tsf] cfjZostf k5{ . s'g} sfd /fdf| ];Fu ug]{ Ifdtf / l;k ePsf JolSt jf ;d\"xnfO{ hgzlSt elgG5 . bz] ljsf;sf nflu hgzlStsf] vfrF f] k5{ . bz] nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ ls;fg, Jofkf/L, 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/, jlsn, kfOn6, lzIfs, sd{rf/L, g;,{ kz| f;s, 8sdL,{ l;sdL{nufotsf hgzlStx¿ rflxG5g\\ . hgzlSt cbIf, cwb{ If / bIf u/L ltg ks| f/sf xG' 5g\\ . cbIf hgzlStn] /fdf| ;] uF l;k xfl;n u/s] f xbF' g} g\\ t/ bz] ljsf;df pgLx¿sf] klg cfjZostf k5{ . To:tf cbIf hgzlStdf ;fdfGo sfdbf/x¿ k5g{ \\ . cwb{ Ifdf sx] L l;k xfl;n u/s] f t/ k0\" f{ ¿kdf lgk0' f eOg;ss] f sfdbf/ k5g{ \\ . bIfdf k0\" f{ ¿kdf 1fg / l;k xfl;n u/L lgk0' ftf kf| Kt ul/;ss] f hgzlSt k5g{ \\ . bz] sf nflu cNksfnLg, bL3s{ fnLg / l:y/ hgzlStsf] cfjZostf k5{ . vf; sfo{ / 5f6] f] ;dosf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf hgzlSt cNksfnLg hgzlSt xg' \\ . afnL :ofxfg{] tyf sfuh pbo\\ fu] df sfuh k66\\ o\\ fpg] sfdbf/ cNksfnLg hgzlSt xg' \\ . bL3s{ fnLg hgzlStn] sg' } kbdf nfdf] ;do;Dd sfd u/s] f xG' 5g,\\ h:t} M ;j] fIfq] sf sdr{ f/L, ;g] f, kx| /L cflb . l:y/ hgzlSt egs] f Ps k6s 1fg tyf l;k xfl;n u/k] l5 hLjge/ sfd ug{ ;Sg] k;] fsf JolSt xg' ,\\ h:t} M lzIfs, 8fS6/ cflb . pbo\\ fu] :yfkgf, lj1fg kl| jlwsf] ljsf;, 7n' f cfofh] gf ;~rfng cflb sfo{ nfdf] cjlw;Dd ugk{' g{] ePsfn] o;sf nflu kofK{ t tof/L rflxG5 . o;df ;/sf/n] w/] } nufgL klg ugk{' 5{ . /fHon] bz] sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ bL3s{ fnLg hgzlSt pTkfbg ug{] / /fh] uf/sf cj;/x¿ l;hg{ f xg' ] pbo\\ fu] tyf cfofh] gf ;~rfng ug{] sfd ;uF ;uF } ugk{' 5{ . ljZj ljbo\\ fnox¿n] klg bz] nfO{ rflxg] l:y/ hgzlSt lgoldt ¿kdf pTkfbg u5g{ \\ . kf| ljlws l;koS' t hgzlSt pTkfbgdf ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 1

CurrriculumljZj ljbo\\ fnosf ;fy;fy} kf| ljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIff ;~rfng ug{] ;:+ yfx¿ klg ;n+ Ug 5g\\ . Development Centreljljw hgzlStsf] Joj:yfkgaf6 bz] sf] ljsf; ug,{ tTsfn / eljiosf] cfjZostf k/' f ug{ tyf bz] nfO{ ;dG' gt /fi6« agfpg ;lsG5 . bz] leq dfgj ;;+ fwgsf] kofK{ ttf ePdf dfq bz] ljsf;n] ult lng ;S5 . dfgj ;+;fwgleq dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; (Human Resource Development) / dfgj ;+;fwg Joj:yfkg (Human Resource Management) ;Dabw\\ ljifo Ifq] k5g{ \\ . cfk} rfl/s lzIff / ljleGg ks| f/sf tflndaf6 dfgj ;+;fwg tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 . dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf; hg' ;'s} sfdbf/, k|fljlws jf sdr{ f/Lsf nflu tflnd / ljsf;sf ljljw kIfsf] ;Daf]wg ug{] dfgj ;f| t] Joj:yfkgsf] Pp6f efu xf] . o:tf tflnddf JolStnfO{ ;|ft] pknAw u/fO{ sfd / ljm| ofsnfkdfkmt{ gofF 1fg / l;k lbOG5 . sfdbf/ jf sdr{ f/Lsf] sfd ug{] bIftf / pgLx¿sf] j}olSts ljsf;;Fu ;+:yfsf] ;Ifdtf hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . sd{rf/L sd{rf/Llardf ;xofu] sf] efjgf ljsf; ug,{ ;dx\" df sfo{ ug{ tyf ;a} sfdbf/ jf sdr{ f/Lsf lardf ;xofu] fTds efjgf ljsf; ug{ plrt dfgj Joj:yfkg xg' cfjZos 5 . dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; sg' } klg ;:+ yfsf] ;'wf/;uF ;DalGwt 5 eg] dfgj ;;+ fwg Joj:yfkg hgzlSt ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf;df sfdbf/sf] jo} lSts ljsf; tyf ;Ifdtf clejb[ \\lwdf Wofg lbOG5 . dfgj ;+;fwg Joj:yfkgdf sfdbf/ / ;ªu\\ 7gsf] ;du| ljsf;nfO{ hf8] lbFb} sfdsf nflu sd{rf/LnfO{ pTt/bfoL agfOG5 . of] JolStnfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbO{ p;n} fO{ k'/:s[t tyf bl08t u//] sfdsf nflu pTk|l] /t ug]{ cjwf/0ff xf] . dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf;sf] cfjZostf ( N e e sd fo H mu a n R e s our c e D e ev l pom e tn ) dfgj ;;+ fwgsf] of]hgf sfd / cfjZostfsf cfwf/df agfOG5 . dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf;sf] cfjZostfnfO{ lgDgfg';f/ kl' i6 ug{ ;lsG5 M -s_ dfgj ;;+ fwg ofh] gfsf cfwf/df hgzlSt dfu tyf lgo'lSt ug{ -v_ cfjZostf k/s] f a]nf hgzlStsf] cefj k\"lt{ ug{ tyf a9L ePsf sfdbf/sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ -u_ >dsf] nfut ljZn]if0f u/L ;ª\\u7gdf sfdbf/ 36fpg jf a9fpg -3_ b]zdf sfdsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ bIf / lj1 sfdbf/sf] kf| Kotf Pjd\\ ;Defjgf kTtf nufpg -ª_ sfddf ljljwtf Nofpg tyf ljleGg sfdsf nflu cfjZos kg{] / ahf/df kfOg] hgzlStsf] cj:yf cfsF ng ug{ -r_ pknAw hgzlStsf] plrt Joj:yfkg u/L ;ªu\\ 7gsf] pTkfbsTj a9fpg . 2 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

Currriculumdfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;sf] dxTTj ( I m orp t a cn e fo H um a n R e s uro c e D e ev l mpo e tn ) Development Centre sg' } klg ;:+ yfsf x/s] tx / ks| f/sf hgzlStsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf; ofh] gf cfjZos xG' 5 . o;af6 ;:+ yfsf] pbb\\ Z] ocg;' f/sf ;Ifd hgzlSt kf| Kt xG' 5g\\ . ;:+ yfdf hgzlSt lgol' St / ltgsf] pkofu] , hgzlStsf] sfo{ Ifdtf, l;k Pjd\\ kl| jlwsf] :t/fG] glt tyf ;:+ yfsf] ;w' f/ h:tf kIfn] ljzi] f el\" dsf vN] 5g\\ . o;n] ;du| ofh] gf, ;ªu\\ 7g, gLlt lgdf0{ f, cfk;L ;xofu] tyf ah6] Joj:yf / gfkmf 3f6fsf] ;Dk0\" f{ cj:yfsf] Joj:yfkg u5{ . dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf;n] hgzlStsf] k|efjsf/L pkofu] df ;xof]u k'¥ofp5F . o;af6 hgzlStsf nflu ;xl' not ofh] gf ( I nc e nt i ev P l a )n to ug{ / eljiosf nflu;dt] hgzlStsf] vfh] tyf ;xeflutfsf] vfsf sf]g{ ;xof]u kU' 5 . ;fy} hgzlSt tyf ;ª\\u7g b'jn} fO{ pTk/]| 0ff kf| Kt x'G5 . o;af6 ;ªu\\ 7gdf k|efjsf/L ;~rf/, ;k' /Lj]If0f / gt] [Tj ljsf;df ;xof]u k'U5 . o;n] ;+:yfleqsf dfgj ;f| ]t / ;+:yf aflx/sf ;/f]sf/jfnflar ;DaGw lj:tf/ u5{ . dfgj ;DaGw lj:tf/n] sfdsf] u'0f:t/ / cfGtl/s Joj:yfkgdf klg ;sf/fTds k|efj kf5{ . o;af6 ;dosf] ;bk' of]u, k'FhL kl/rfng, pmhf{ Joj:yfkg, ck]lIft pknlAw xfl;n, tflnd ljsf; tyf Iflt Gog\" Ls/0fdf dxTTjk0\" f{ ;xof]u k|fKt eO{ ;:+ yfaf6 pRr pTkfbsTj k|fKt xG' 5 . dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf;sf] k|ljm| of ( P r oc e dur e of H um a n R e s uor c e D e ev l pom e tn ) hgzlSt of]hgf k|f¿k tof/L, jt{dfg hgzlSt ljZn]if0f, eljiosf nflu cfjZos hgzlStsf] cfsF ng, /fh] uf/Lsf sfoj{ |md ljsf;, tflnd sfoj{ m| d ljsf; h:tf r/0fx¿ ckgfP/ dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 . dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; j|mdab\\w / Jojl:yt k|ljm| of xf] . dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf;sf] k|ljm| ofdf ;jk{ y| d ;:+ yfsf pbb\\ Z] ox¿sf] k'g/fjnfs] g u/L To;sf nIo / pb\\bZ] o lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . ;f] pb\\bZ] o ;Ifd / ke| fjsf/L ¿kdf kf| Kt ug{ hgzlSt tof/Lsf] k|lj|mof g} dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf; kl| jm| of xf] . eljiosf nflu ;ªu\\ 7gsf] ;+/rgf / egf{ of]hgf;lxt dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; of]hgf tof/ kfl/G5 . To:t} ;:+ yfsf] sfo{ k|sl[ t, ;:+ yfdf k|fKt /f]huf/Lsf ks| f/, /fh] uf/Lsf] ;ª\\Vof / ltgsf] u'0f:t/ tyf ;:+ yfdf tTsfn pknAw hgzlStsf] ljZn]if0f ugk{' 5{ . o;df ;+:yfsf] cfGtl/s ljsf; tyf ;:+ yfsf] sfo{ kbw\\ ltsf] dfunfO{ k|fyldstfdf /flvG5 . ;+:yfnfO{ ult kb| fg ug{ Ifdtf ljsf; ofh] gf agfO{ sfofG{ jog ug{k' 5{ . ;:+ yfn] u/s] f c;n sfdx¿sf] ;~rf/ ug]{ / ;+:yfsf nflu c;n ;f]r /fVg] kIfnfO{ klg o;d} f ;d6] g\\ k' 5{ . eljiodf ;:+ yfnfO{ slt / s:tf] hgzlSt rflxG5 eGg] lg0fo{ lngk' 5{ . To;kl5 hgzlSt ljsf;sf] k|j[lTt, sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{afe] m, ;+:yfsf cGo cfjZos kIf / ah6] h:tf kIfdf lg0f{o ug'{ cfjZos xG' 5 . cfjZostfsf] kl/jt{gsf cfwf/df Ifdtf ljsf; of]hgf klg kl/jtg{ xG' 5 . dflg;n] gofF vfnsf /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ vf]lh/xG5 . cfk\"mn] sfd ul//xs] f] ;+:yfdf klg gofF k|s[ltsf] yk lhDd]jf/Lsf] rfxgf u5{ . o;y{ dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; ofh] gfdf /fh] uf/Lsf kof{Kt sfo{j|md ljsf;nfO{ ;d6] g\\ k' 5{ . ;:+ yfdf sfd ug{] sd{rf/Lsf nflu l;k / bIftf ljsf; ug]{ vfnsf kg' tfh{ uL tyf Ifdtf ljsf; tflndsf] Joj:yf ug{ cfjZos 5 . ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 3

Currriculumo:t} ;:+ yfdf gjk|jz] L sfdbf/ tyf sdr{ f/Lsf nflu ;]jf kj| z] tflndsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . Development Centretflndn] hgzlStdf yk pmhf{ k|bfg u5{ / sfdsf nflu pTk]/| 0ff klg a9fpF5 . ;+:yfsf] ;Dk0\" f{ IfdtfnfO{ pkofu] u/L pRr sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ klg dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf; ofh] gfdf cfGtl/s tyf afx\\o tflndsf kz| :t sfo{j|mdx¿sf] th'{df ug'{k5{ . gk] fndf dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf;sf r'gft} L tyf efjLlbzf ( C ah l l e gen s a nd W a y F ro w a r d of H mu a n R e s rou c e D e ve l omp e nt i n N e ap l ) bz] df /fh] uf/Lsf cj;/ sd x'bF f a/] fh] uf/L a95\\ . sfdsf] vf]hLdf w]/} JolSt lab]l;G5g\\ . kf| ljlws Pjd\\ Joj:yfksLo l;k / Ifdtf ePsf tyf cw{bIf Pjd\\ cbIf oj' f hgzlSt labl] ;Fbf ljsf; lgdf{0f sfod{ f cfjZos hgzlStsf] cefj x'G5 . To;}u/L bz] df pTkflbt hgzlSt / dfu ePsf] hgzlStlardf tfnd]n gxF'bf o;sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ sl7gfO x'G5 . ;/sf/n] dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf;sf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo, ko{6g h:tf kj\" fw{ f/x¿sf] ljsf;sf nflu k|of; u/s] f] 5 . t/ To:tf] k|of; kofK{ t ePsf] 5g} . ljz]if u/L uf| dL0f Ifq] , dlxnf, blnt, ckfª\\utf tyf cGo lk5l8Psf If]q, ju{ / ;db' fodf ljsf;sf] k|of; k'Ug g;Sbf dn' s' sf] dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;n] ckl] Ift ult lng ;ss] f] 5}g . ljZj ahf/df kl| t:kwf{ ug{ ;Sg] / bz] sf] kl/jltt{ cfjZostfadf]lhd kl/l:ylt ;x' fpFbf] hgzlStsf] ;ª\\VofTds / u'0ffTds Ifdtf ljsf; ug{] If]qdf dfgjLo ljsf; sl] Gb|t xg' cfjZos /xs] f] 5 . cfly{s ;|ft] eP/ klg kl/rfng ug{ g;Sbf hgzlSt ljsf;df c;/ k/s] f] 5 . gk] fndf :ki6 dfgj ;;+ fwg gLltsf] cefj 5 . To;n} ] bz] el/ 5l/P/ /xs] f pTkfbgzLn hgzlStsf] plrt Joj:yfkg u/L /fi6« lgdf0{ fsf] cleofgdf nufpg ;lsPsf] 5g} . o;sf nflu bz] df ljbo\\ dfg ;ljm| o hg;ªV\\ ofsf] kr| /' tfaf6 nfe lng cfjZos 5 . o;sf ;fy} /fli6o« tyf cGt/fl{ i6o« dfuadfl] hdsf] bIf hgzlSt tof/ ugk{' 5{ . To;kl5 :jbz] d} /fh] uf/Lsf] cj;/ l;hg{ f u/L jb} l] zs /fh] uf/Ldflysf] lge/{ tf sd ugk{' 5{ . bz] df pTkflbt hgzlSt / dfular plrt tfndn] ldnfpg] tyf bz] df ;~rflnt ljbo\\ dfg tflnd sG] bx| ¿lar plrt ;dGjo sfod /fVg] rg' ft} L 5g\\ . ;fy} uf| dL0f Ifq] , dlxnf, blnt, ckfªu\\ tf, lk5l8Psf Ifq] , ju,{ ;db' fodf kU' g] u/L ljsf;sf ultljlwx¿ ;~rfng ug{' klg xfdf| ] csf{] rg' ft} L xf] . oL / o:tf rg' ft} Lsf] ;fdgf ug{ bL3s{ fnLg sfo{ ofh] gf;lxtsf] dfgj ;;+ fwg ofh] gfsf] vfrF f] 5 . dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf;sf nflu lgDgfg;' f/sf] bL3s{ fnLg ;fr] /fvL sfo{ ug{' cfjZos bl] vG5 M -s_ /fli6o« Pjd\\ cGt/fl{ i6o« ahf/df kl| t:kwf{ ug{ ;Sg] ;Ifd / bIf hgzlStsf] ljsf; ug{] -v_ hgzlStsf] dfu / cfk\"ltl{ ar ;Gt'ng sfod ug]{ -u_ /f]huf/L tyf :j/f]huf/L l;h{gf ug{] vfnsf] k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnddf hf]8 lbg] -3_ bIf dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf;sf nflu PsLs[t ¿kdf sfo{jm| dx¿ ;~rfng ug]{ -ª_ dfgj ;+;fwg;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfox¿sf] Ifdtf clejb[ l\\ w ug{] 4 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

Currriculum-r_ dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf; ;DaGwL gLlt tof/ u/L sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] Development Centre -5_ o'jf hgzlStsf nflu gt] T[ j ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{j|mdx¿ ;~rfng ug]{ -h_ zl} Ifs ;:+ yfx¿af6 pTkflbt hgzlSt / ahf/df pknAw /fh] uf/Llar ;fd~h:o sfod ug]{ -em_ nlIft ;d\"xsf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{ -`_ ljbz] L ahf/df k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;Sg] l;k tyf kl| jlw :jb]zL hgzlStnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/L dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf; ug]{ -6_ sfdnfO{ gofF 9ªu\\ n] kl/eflift ug{] / lzIffnfO{ sfddv' L agfpg] . lj|mofsnfk lzIfssf] ;xof]udf ljb\\ofno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf / k|wfgfWofks;uF 5nkmn u/]/ tnsf kZ| gsf] pTt/ tof/ kf/L …xfd|f] ljb\\ofnosf] dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf;Ú zLifs{ df Pp6f 5f6] f] n]v tof/ kfg'{xf];\\ M -s_ ljb\\ofnodf dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; egs] f] s] xf] < -v_ ljbo\\ fnodf dfgj ;;+ fwgsf] ljsf; lsg ugk'{ 5{ < -u_ ljbo\\ fnodf dfgj ;;+ fwgsf] ljsf; ug{ s:tf] of]hgf agfOPsf] 5 < -3_ ljbo\\ fnonfO{ jl/kl/sf ljb\\ofnoeGbf /fdf| ] kfg{ eljiodf s:tf] hgzlSt ofh] gf agfpgk' nf{ < lsg < -ª_ dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf; ofh] gf agfpbF f ljbo\\ fnodf s] s:tf rg' ft} L cfpg ;S5g\\ < tL rg' ft} Lx¿ ;fdgf ug{] pkfox¿ s] s] xg' ;S5g\\ < cEof; -s_ dfgj ;;+ fwg egs] f] s] xf] < -v_ dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; / dfgj ;+;fwg Joj:yfkgdf s] km/s 5 < -u_ xfd|f] bz] df dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf; ug{ s:tf] of]hgf agfOPsf] 5 < -3_ xfd|f] b]znfO{ ljsl;t b]zsf] tn' gfdf k'¥ofpg s:tf] hgzlSt of]hgf agfpgk' nf{ < -ª_ dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;df cfpg ;Sg] rg' ft} LnfO{ s;/L ;fdgf ug{ ;lsG5 < ;fd'bflos sfo{ tkfOsF{ f] ;db' fodf sg' sg' k;] fdf ;n+ Ug JolStx¿ slt slt ;ªV\\ ofdf /xs] f 5g\\ < ;db' fosf] hgzlSt / /fh] uf/Llar s:tf] ;DaGw /xs] f] 5 < sg' Ifq] df hgzlStsf] sdL 5 < ca s] ugk'{ nf{ < ;db' fosf hfGg] ae' mg\\ ] JolSt;uF ;fw] /] kl| tjb] g tof/ ugx'{ f;] \\ / sIffdf k:| tt' ugx'{ f;] \\ . ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 5

kf7 M bO' { dfgj ljsf; ;r\" sfªs\\ / gk] fn cfh sIffdf dfgj ljsf; ;r\" sfªs\\ / gk] fn eGg] kf7 lzIf0f ug{] jm| ddf lzIfs / ljbo\\ fyLl{ ar ePsf jftfn{ fk tn lbOPsf] 5 M wgsd' f/L M dfgj ljsf; ;r\" sfªs\\ egs] f] s] xf,] ld; < lzIfs M dfgj ljsf; ;r\" sfªs\\ ae' m\\ gc' ufl8 dfgj ljsf;sf ;DaGwdf ae' m\\ g cfjZos xG' 5 . dflg;sf] :jf:Yo, lzIff, vfgf, cfjf;, l;knufotsf kIfsf] ljsf; xg' ' g} dfgj ljsf; xf] . sg' } klg bz] sf] cflys{ , ;fdflhs, zl} Ifs ljsf; nufotsf ku| ltsf] :t/ jf cj:yf bv] fpg] ;r\" s g} dfgj ljsf; ;r\" sfªs\\ xf] . o;n] JolSt, ;db' fo / bz] df pknAw ljsNkx¿sf] rog ug{ ;Sg] bfo/fnfO{ km/flsnf] agfp5F . dfgj ljsf;sf ltg dxTTjk0\" f{ cfwf/, h:t} kl| tJolSt cfo, zl} Ifs :t/ / cf;} t cfo' xg' \\ . logn} fO{ cfwf/ dfgL sg' } klg efu} fl] ns PsfO, hflt, ;db' fo cflbsf] dfgj ljsf; cj:yfsf] ;ªV\\ ofTds k:| tl' t g} dfgj ljsf; ;r\" sfªs\\ xf] . o;df kf| Kt tYox¿nfO{ ) bl] v ! ;Dd /fvL dfkg ug{] ul/G5 . Currriculum Development Centre/fdsk[ fn M dfgj ljsf; ;r\" sfªs\\ lsg cfjZos k5{ < lzIfs M /fdf| ] kZ| g ;fW] ge' of,] /fdsk[ fn efOn] . o;sf] cfjZostf w/] } 5g\\ . tLdWo] sx] L s/' fx¿ d eG5' x} t . -s_ dfgj ljsf;sf] cj:yf klxrfg ug,{ -v_ dfgj ljsf;sf ;w' f/ ugk{' g{] Ifq] lgwf/{ 0f ug,{ -u_ dfgj ljsf; cj:yfdf ;w' f/ ug,{ -3_ dfgj ljsf; cj:yfdf ;w' f/ ug{ bz] n] rfNgk' g{] /0fgLlt tof/Lsf cfwf/ k:| tt' ug{ cflb . kfd] gfy M dfgj ljsf; ;r\" sfªs\\ lgsfNg] tl/sf s] s] xfn] fg\\ < lzIfs M dfgj ljsf; ;r\" sfªs\\ lgsfNg cf;} t cfo' ;r\" s, zl} Ifs ;r\" s / cfo ;r\" s lgsfNgk' g{] xG' 5 . o;sf ;q\" x¿ 5g\\ . oL ;q\" x¿ ;g\\ @)!) kl5 cbo\\ fjlws ul/Psf xg' \\ . o;sf nflu oL ;q\" x¿ x/] fF} x} t . != cf;} t cfo' ;r\" s ;DalGwt bz] sf] cf;} t cfo' — ljZjsf] Gog\" td cf;} t cfo' cf;} t cfo' ;r\" s = ljZjsf] clwstd cf;} t cfo' — ljZjsf] Gog\" td cf;} t cfo' @= zl} Ifs ;r\" s zl} Ifs ;r\" s = ;DalGwt bz] sf] cf;} t zl} Ifs ;n+ Ugtf jif{ ;DalGwt bz] sf] ckl] Ift zl} Ifs ;n+ Ugtf jif{ ± !* !% @ 6 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

#= cfo ;r\" s ;DalGwt dn' s' sf] kl| tJolSt ljZjsf] ;ae} Gbf sd — kl| tJolSt sn' /fli6o« cfo cfo ;r\" s = sn' /fli6o« cfo ljZjsf] clwstd kl| tJolSt ljZjsf] ;ae} Gbf sd — kl| tJolSt sn' /fli6o« cfo sn' /fli6o« cfo $= dfgj ljsf; ;r\" sfªs\\ Currriculum Development Centredfgj ljsf; ;r\" sfªs\\ =cf;} t cfo' ;r\" sfªs\\ x zl} Ifs ;r\" sfªs\\ x cfo ;r\" sfªs\\ lbn' lj=s= M dfgj ljsf; ;r\" sfªs\\ df gk] fnsf] l:ylt s] 5 < lzIfs M dfgj ljsf; ;r\" sfªs\\ ( H D I ) df gk] fnsf] l:ylt ;w' f/ pGdv' 5 . ;g\\ @)!@ df gk] fn !%& cfF} :yfg ( H D I )=$^#) , ;g\\ @)!# df !$^ cfF} :yfg ( H D I )=%$#) / ;g\\ @)!% df !$% cfF} :yfg ( H D I )=%$*) df /xs] f] lyof] . ljm| ofsnfk != tnsf] tflnsf cWoog ugx{' f;] \\ / sIffdf 5nkmn u/L lbOPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\\ M ;fs{ dn' s' sf] dfgj ljsf; ;r\" sfªs\\ , @)!% j|md bz] cªs\\ jm| d bz] cª\\s &# >Lnªs\\ f )=&%& !$@ aª\\unfbz] )=%&) !)$ dflNbE; )=&)^ !$% g]kfn )=%$* !#) ef/t )=^)( !$& kfls:tfg )=%#* !#@ e'6fg )=^)% !&! ckmuflg:tfg )=$^% ;+;f/sf pRr / Go\"g dfgj ljsf; ;\"rsfª\\s ePsf b]z pRr dfgj ljsf; ePsf b]zx¿ Gog\" dfgj ljsf; ePsf bz] x¿ j|md b]z cª\\s jm| d b]z cªs\\ ! gj{] )=($$ !** gfOh/ )=#$* @ c:6]l« nof )=(#% !*& s]Gb|Lo clk|msg u0ftGq )=#%) # l:j6\\h/NofG8 )=(#) !*^ Ol/l6o« f )=#(! $ 8]gdfs{ )=(@# !*% rf8 )=#(@ % g]b/NofG8\\; )=(@@ !*$ a'?G8L )=$)) ;f| ]t M dfgj ljsf; kl| tj]bg, @)!% ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 7

Currriculum-s_ pRr dfgj ljsf; ePsf b]z s'g sg' x'g\\ < tL bz] df dfgj ljsf; pRr x'gfsf Development Centresf/0fx¿ s] s] x'g ;S5g\\ < -v_ ;fs{ b]zx¿sf] dfgj ljsf;sf] cj:yf ljZni] f0f ugx{' f;] \\ . -u_ sdhf]/ dfgj ljsf; l:ylt ePsf b]zsf r'gf}tL s] s] xg' ;S5g\\ < -3_ dfgj ljsf; l:yltdf ;w' f/ ug{ s] s] ugk'{ nf{ < @= sIffsf ;a} ljbo\\ fyL{sf lgDgfg';f/sf] nut tof/ ug'{xf];\\ . lzIfssf] ;xof]udf ;fyLx¿;Fu 5nkmn u/]/ tn lbOPsf k|Tos] cfwf/sf nflu lbOg] cªs\\ to u/L k|Tos] sf] kf| Kt s'n cªs\\ lgsfNg'xf;] \\ / dfgj ljsf; cj:yfsf] j|md klg tof/ kfg'x{ f];\\ M ljbo\\ fyLs{ f] 3/sf] jifd{ f of] jif{ k|ltJolSt ;fIf/tf vfgk] fgLsf] cf;} t kfFr jif{dl' gsf] cf;} t hDdf gfd vfbo\\ fGgn] :jf:Yo nTtf cfjf;sf jf lzlIft cj:yf / dfl;s afn dT[ ob' / cfo' cª\\s vfg kU' g] hfFr sk8f nflu k|ltzt ;/;kmfO sdfO dlxgf u/fPsf] lsgs] f] pknAw k6s hf]/ sf7] f cEof; -s_ dfgj ljsf; ;r\" sfªs\\ egs] f] s] xf] < -v_ dfgj ljsf; ;r\" sfª\\ssf ¿kdf g]kfn s:tf] b]z xf] < -u_ sª\\uf] / 8g] dfs{ b]zx¿sf] dfgj ljsf; ;\"rsfªs\\ sf cfwf/df g]kfn;uF t'ngf ugx'{ f;] \\ . -3_ g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf nflu s] s:tf sfd ug{k' nf{ < -ª_ dfgj ljsf; ;\"rsfª\\ssf] cfjZostf lsg k5{ < -r_ ljZjdf dflg;sf] clwstd cfo' ePsf] b]z dfg] fsf]sf] *(=%@ jif{, Go\"gtd cfo' ePsf] bz] rf8sf] $(=*! jif{, ljZjdf clwstd cfo ePsf] bz] nShD] aus{ f] kl| tJolSt cfo !,)$,#^) cd]l/sL 8n/ / Go\"gtd cfo ePsf] ;G] 6/ ckm clkm| sg l/klAnssf] kl| tJolSt cfo ^)) cd]l/sL 8n/ ;fy} g]kfnsf] kl| tJolSt cfo (@( / cf;} t cfo' &! / g]kfnsf] z}lIfs ;n+ Ugtf jif{ #=@ / gk] fnsf] ckl] Ift zl} Ifs ;+nUgtf jif{ !@=$ eP gk] fnsf] dfgj ljsf; ;\"rsfª\\s u0fgf ug'x{ f;] \\ . 8 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

Currriculumkf7 M ltg Ifq] Lo ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff / ;ª3\\ Lotf Development Centre ;dfhsf] sNof0f ug{] l;nl;nfdf jt{dfgsf] dfq geO{ cgGt;Ddsf] af6f] klxrfg ug{] of]hgf ab\\w j[b\\lw ljsf; xf] . o:tf] jb[ l\\ w ;sf/fTds kl/jtg{ sf] lbzfdf kj| flxt x'G5 . ljsf;af6 dfgj hLjg ;/n, ;DkGg / cfgGbbfoL xG' 5 . dfgj hLjgsf] :t/ psf:g' / pgLx¿nfO{ ;Gti' 6 kfg'{ ljsf;sf] clGtd nIo xf] . o;n] dflg;df cfTd lge{/tf / ;Ifdtf clej[b\\lw u5{ . dflg;n] ljsf;nfO{ cfˆgf] OR5f / rfxgfcgs' n\" lglbi{ 6 lbzflt/ 8f]xf]¥ofp5F . o;y{ ljsf;sf nflu dfgj ;fwgsf] dxTTjk\"0f{ :yfg xG' 5 . ljsf; dflg;sf nflu cfjZos x'g] ePsfn] o;sf nflu ljleGg ;f| ]t / ;fwg cfjZos k5{g\\ . gbL, hldg, hªu\\ n, kxf8, vlgh kbfy{ cflb kf| sl[ ts ;f| t] / ;fwg x'g\\ . bIf hgzlSt, tflnd, kl| jlw cflb rflxF dfgjLo ;|f]t / ;fwgcGtut{ k5g{ \\ . ljsf;sf ljleGg cfofd x'G5g\\ . o;df u|fdL0f, ;fdb' flos, ;x/L, dfgj ;;+ fwg Pjd\\ cfly{s ljsf;, jftfj/0f ;/+ If0f / hnjfo' kl/jtg{ , kz| f;g ;'b[9Ls/0f h:tf kIf ;d]l6G5g\\ . ljsf;n] hg;ªV\\ ofsf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs pGgogsf] :t/nfO{ ;ªs\\ t] u5{ . bz] sf] pGgltsf nflu ljsf;sf ultljlw ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos x'G5 . ljsf;n] b]zsf] ef}lts, dfgjLo, ;fdflhs / ;f+:sl[ ts l:yltdf ;sf/fTds Pjd\\ ;/+ rgfut ;'wf/ NofpF5 . ljsf;sf ultljlw / lj|mofsnfkn] b]zsf] ljb\\odfg l:yltdf jm| lds ¿kdf kl/jtg{ Nofp5F . ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffleq ;fdflhs, cflys{ / ;f+:s[lts k|ult ;dfj]z xg' ] ePsfn] of] dflg;sf cfjZostf kl\" t;{ Fu ;DalGwt xG' 5 . ljsf;sf] nIo dfgljo cfjZostf k/' f ug'{ xf] . ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffleq lgDg lnlvt kIf ;d]l6G5g\\ M -s_ b]zsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts / ;f+:s[lts pGglt -v_ j:t' / ;j] fsf] pTkfbsTj jb[ l\\ w -u_ dfusf] k|efjsf/L / nIodn\" s ;Dafw] g -3_ j}olSts ;dfgtf / :jtGqtf -ª_ k/Dk/fut ;fr] af6 cfwl' gs ;fr] tkm{ cu|;/tf -r_ ;fdflhs dfGotf / ljZjf;sf] k|efjsf/L pkofu] -5_ cflys{ Pjd\\ ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f -h_ ul/aL lgjf/0f / cfjZostf kl\" t{ -em_ Go\"g cflys{ cjl:yltaf6 dl' St / cfTd ;Ddfgsf] efjgf clej[b\\lw . ljsf; of]hgf abw\\ / jftfj/0f dq} L xg' ;Sof] eg] o;n] jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / cfjZostf k\"lt{ bj' }nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 . dfgj lgldt{ ljsf;n] dflg;nfO{ vfgf, nu' f, cfjf;, lzIff, :jf:Yo ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 9

Currriculum/ ;/' Iff h:tf cfwf/e\"t cfjZostf k/' f u/fp5F . o;af6 gful/s clwsf/sf] k|flKt / ko| fu] , Development Centre;Ddfgk\"0f{ hLjg ofkg, j}olSts ljsf; / ;fdflhs k|ultsf kof{Kt cj;/ k|fKt xG' 5g\\ . ;dfgk' flts ljsf;, ;xh kxrF' , ;xeflutf j[bl\\ w / ;f| t] ;fwgsf] clwstd ;b'kof]u ug{ Ifq] Lo ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff h?/L x'G5 . ljsf;sf] If]qLo cjwf/0ff b]zsf] kz| f;g ;'b[9Ls/0f;uF ;DalGwt 5 . 5f6] f,] 5l/tf] / hgtfsf] glhsdf /x]sf] ;/sf/ o;sf] pb\\bZ] o xf] . ;|ft] sf] plrt k|ofu] , pkefS] tfdf bfloTj afw] , cfwf/et\" kIfsf] ljsf;, ljsf;df hg;xeflutf jb[ \\lw / bL3{sfnLg ;fr] ;lxt ljsf;sf] ;Ldf lgwf{/0f xg' ] ePsfn] o; cjwf/0ffnfO{ ljZje/ dxTTjk\"0f{ 7flgPsf] 5 . o;af6 kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL / h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, hg;ªV\\ of lgoGq0f, dfgjLo ;|f]t ljsf;, hg ;xeflutf jb[ l\\ w, ;f+:sl[ ts ;Dkbfsf] ;/+ If0f tyf kY[ jLsf] jxg Ifdtfsf] ;/+ If0f ug{ ;xhtf kf| Kt x'G5 . o;y{ ;dfhsf] lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu If]qLo cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfjZos 7flgG5 . ;fdflhs cfjZostf / ToxfsF f] ljsf;sf] 3lgi6 ;DaGw xG' 5 . Ifq] Lo cfjZostf k'/f ug{ /fi6«n] ljsf;sf] jm| d cufl8 a9fpgk' 5{ . kl/jt{g vf]Hg] :jfefljs kj| l[ Tt, ;fdflhs ;DaGw, cfljisf/ / ;l' jwfsf] kr| f/ k|;f/sf cfwf/df dflg;sf cfjZostf rl' nFb} hfG5g\\ . If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu dflg;sf gofF cfjZostf, vf]h, pTkfbgsf zn} L / sfdsf nflu ;+:yfsf] j[bl\\ w tyf sG] bd| f lglxt clwsf/ lj:tf/ ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . ljsf;n] o;/L If]qLo dfgjLo ;d:of ;dfwfg ub{} tf]lsPsf] lbzfdf kl/jtg{ u/fpF5 . w/ftnLo :j¿ksf cfwf/df g]kfn ltg d'Vo efu} fl] ns k|bz] df ljeflht 5 . lxdfnL / kxf8L kb| z] df ljsf;sf sfdx¿ ug{ sl7g 5 eg] t/fO{df ljsf;sf kj\" fw{ f/ k'¥ofpg s]xL ;lhnf] 5 . kz| f;lgs ¿kn] ;a} Ifq] sf] ljsf;sf nflu ljutdf bz] nfO{ kfrF ljsf; If]q, rf}w c~rn / krxTt/ lhNnfdf ljefhg ul/Psf] lyof] . lj=;+= @)^% h7] !% ut]bl] v g]kfn ;ª3\\ Lo nfs] tflGqs u0ftGqfTds d'ns' ag]sf] 5 . ;|ft] sf] plrt afF8kmf8F / kl/rfng tyf cfly{s ;fdflhs / wflds{ ljeb] sd u/L ;a} Ifq] x¿sf] ;dfg'kflts ljsf;sf nflu bz] nfO{ ;ª3\\ Lo ;/+ rgfdf ¿kfGt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;ª\\3Lotf ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] Ps dxTTjk0\" f{ cjwf/0ff xf] . s]Gb|df /x]sf] clwsf/ sf] :yfgLos/0f ug'{nfO{ ljs]GbL| s/0f elgG5 . o;af6 hgtfn] cfˆgf] Ifq] sf] ;f| t] ;fwgsf] ;dl' rt ko| f]u ug{, cfDbfgL k|fKt ug,{ pkef]u ug{ / cfˆgf] 7fpsF f] ljsf;df ;xefuL x'g / lhDdj] f/ aGg ;S5g\\ . xfn gk] fndf & cf6] f k|bz] /x]sf 5g\\ . g]kfn h:t} kxf8L dn' 's l:j6h\\ /NofG8 !( SofG6g / ^ cw{ SofG6gdf ljeflht 5 . To;u} /L ;+oS' t /fHo cd]l/sf %) /fHo / ef/t @( k|fGtdf ljeflht 5g\\ . ;ª3\\ Lo ;+/rgf ljefhgsf cfwf/x¿df Oltxf;, hftLotf tyf efiff, Ifq] , eu\" f]n, hg;ªV\\ of, ;f| ]t ;fwgsf] pknAwtf cflb x'g ;S5g\\ . cfcfˆg} b]zsf] ef}uf]lns :j¿k ;f+:s[lts tyf ;fdflhs 9frF fcg;' f/ b]znfO{ ;ª3\\ Lo 9fFrfdf ljefhg ul/Psf] xG' 5 . o;/L ljefhg ubf{ sG] b|Lo, k|fGtLo / :yfgLo 9f“rfdf ljefhg u/L ;f]cg';f/sf ;/sf/ u7g ul/G5 . s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/n] ;Ldf ;/' Iff, /fli6o« cy{ gLlt, k//fi6« gLlt, 10 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

db' f| cflbsf] lgoGq0f / sfof{Gjog u5{ . k|fGtLo / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] g]kfnsf k|b]zx¿ lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL, ljbo\\ 't\\, ;~rf/nufotsf ljsf;sf k\"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf sfox{ ¿ u5g{ \\ . ;ª\\3Lo zf;g k0| ffnLn] kf| Gtx¿lar k|lt:kwf{ a9\\g,] Currriculum Development Centre:yfgLo ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] clwstd kl/rfng x'g], sG] b|sf] dv' tfSg' gkg]{ / cfTd lge{/tf tyf :jfjnDaLkg a9\\g] xg' fn] b]zsf] ;du| ljsf; x'g] cj:yf /xG5 . lj|mofsnfk != g]kfnsf] ;ª3\\ Lo ;+/rgf ljefhgsf] cfwf/ s] s] xfn] fg\\ < :yfgLo jf sG] b|Lo g]tf;uF e]6 u/L pxf;F Fu ;f]w/] ljefhgsf cfwf/sf] ;\"rL agfpg'xf];\\ . @= …;ª\\3Lotfaf6 ;/sf/ hgtfsf] glhs kU' 5 .Ú o; zLifs{ df sIffdf jSt[TTj snf k|ltofl] utf cfof]hgf ug{x' f];\\ . #= sIffnfO{ rf/ ;d\"xdf af8F L ;ª\\3Lotfsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjog ug{ sG] b,| kb| z] , :yfgLo lgsfo / hgtfn] s] s] sfo{ ug'k{ 5{ < 5nkmn u/L sIffdf k|:t't ugx{ f];\\ . $= ;ª\\3Lotfsf] cjwf/0ffcg¿' k b]z ;~rfng ubf{ s] s:tf c;xhtfx¿ cfpg ;S5g\\ < hf8] L hf8] Ldf 5nkmn u/L sIffdf k:| t't ug'{xf];\\ . cEof; -s_ ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffleq s'g sg' kIf k5{g\\ < -v_ ;ª3\\ Lotf eg]sf] s] xf] < ;ª\\3Lo ;/+ rgf ljefhgsf] cfwf/ s] s] xg' ;S5g\\ < -u_ ;ª3\\ Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds d'ns' eg]sf] s] xf] < -3_ ljsf;sf cfofdx¿ s] s] x'g\\ < -ª_ gk] fndf ;ª\\3Lo ;/+ rgf :yfkgf ug{ s] s] s'/fdf Wofg lbOPsf] 5 < -r_ ;ª\\3Lotfsf kmfObfx¿ pNn]v ug{x' f];\\ . kl/ofh] gf sfo{ ljZjdf ;ª\\3Lotf cjnDag ug{] d'n'sx¿sf] vfh] L u/L ljZjsf] gS;fdf To;sf] cjl:ylt;d]t b]vfpg'xf;] \\ . ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 11

kf7 M rf/ g]kfnsf k|bz] x¿ gk] fnsf] ;l+ jwfgn] gk] fnnfO{ & k|bz] df ljefhg u/]sf] 5 . -s_ g]kfnsf] k|bz] g= ! o; kb| ]zn] kj\" L{ g]kfnsf] lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{ e\"efunfO{ k|b]z g= ! ;d]6s] f] 5 . o; kb| z] df ljZjsf] ;jf{]Rr lzv/ Currriculum Development Centre;u/dfyfnufot sGhghª\\3f, dsfn', rf]o' cflb cUnf lzv/x¿ /x]sf 5g\\ . ;u/dfyf tyf dsfn' / j?0f /fli6«o lgs'~h o;} k|bz] df k5g{ \\ . o;n] g]kfnsf] s'n e\"efusf] sl/a !* k|ltzt -Ifq] kmn @%,()% ju{ ls=ld=_ lx:;f cf]u6s] f] 5 . hg u0fgf @)^* cg;' f/ sl/a $% nfv hg;ª\\Vof o; k|bz] df a;fa] f; u5{g\\ . o; kb| ]zdf /fO,{ lnDa,' nK] rf, /fhj+zL, sfr] ,] d]r,] afxg' , Ifq] L, z]kf{ cflb a;fa] f; ub5{ g\\ . j/fx Ifq] , kflye/f, xn;] L dxfb]j, l5Gtfª bj] L dlGb/ oxfFsf k|dv' wfld{s :ynx¿ xg' \\ . oxf“ wfg, ds} / ux“' vfb\\o afnLsf ¿kdf / h6' , lrof, pv,' ;'tL{ cflb gub] afnLsf ¿kdf nufOG5 . oxfF h'6 ldn, lrgL sf/vfgf, ;'tL sk8f pb\\of]u, lrof pb\\of]u :yfkgf eO{ ;~rflnt 5g\\ . w]/} sl[ if If]q /xg', s[lifaf6 If]qut sn' ufx{:y pTkfbgdf a9L of]ubfg xg' ,' w/] } ;fIf/ hg;ªV\\ of xg' ' cflb o; kb| z] sf] d'Vo ljz]iftfx¿ xg' \\ . -v_ gk] fnsf] kb| ]z g= @ g]kfnsf] dWo t/fOs{ f cf7 lhNnfx¿ o; k|b]zdf k|b]z g= @ k5{g\\ . o; kb| z] df k;f{bl] v ;Kt/L;Ddsf] ;dy/ ee\" fu /xs] f] 5 . o; k|b]zn] s'n ee\" fusf] sl/a & kl| tzt -(^^! ju{ ls=ld=_ Ifq] kmn cf]u6]sf] 5 . To;u} /L o; k|bz] df sl/a %$ nfv dflg;x¿ a;f]af; u5{g\\, hg' gk] fnsf] s'n hg;ªV\\ ofsf] @) k|ltzt xf] . o; kb| z] df d'Vo hfltsf ¿kdf ofbj, yf?, blnt, d'l:nd cflb ;db' fosf dflg;x¿ 5g\\ . o; kb| z] sf ;a} lhNnfdf dw;] L ;db' fosf dflg;x¿sf] afxN' otf /xs] f] 5 . k\"j{ klZrd /fhdfu{ / xn' fsL /fhdfu{ o; k|bz] eP/ hfg] dV' o ;8sx¿ x'g\\ . clwsfz+ pb\\ofu] wGbf o; kb| ]zdf /x]sfn] cGo kb| z] sf] tn' gfdf o;nfO{ ljsl;t kb| ]zsf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . jL/uGh, nfxfg, /fhlj/fh, xl/cfg} , rGb|lgufxfk'/, l;d/f / hgsk/' oxf“sf d'Vo Jofkfl/s sG] b| x'g\\ . oxfF w/] } cf}b\\ofl] us If]qx¿ 5g\\ . /fdhfgsL dlGb/, 12 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

Currriculuml5Ggd:tf dlGb/, u9LdfO{ dlGb/ cflb oxfFsf kd| 'v wfld{s :yn x'g\\ . gk] fndf ljbz] af6 xg' ] Development Centreclwsfz+ Jofkf/ o;} k|bz] sf] jL/u~h gfsfaf6 xg' ] u5{ . o; k|b]zsf] pTt/df kg]{ r'/]If]qdf 3gf rf/sfz] ] emf8L /xs] f] 5 . o; kb| z] df clwsfz+ e\"efu ;dy/ 5 . oxfF w/] } hg;ªV\\ of / pRr k|ltJolSt cfo xg' fsf ;fy} If]qkmnsf] t'ngfdf k|z:t vt] LofU] o hldg 5 . o; kb| z] df bz] sf] s'n u|fx{:y pTkfbgdf sl[ if, dT:o kfng / pbo\\ fu] sf] If]qut ofu] bfg a9L 5 . dl} ynL, alHhsf, ef]hk'/L, gk] fnL cflb efiffx¿ oxfF af]lng] d'Vo efiffx¿ x'g\\ . -u_ g]kfnsf] k|bz] g= # gk] fnsf] /fhwfgL sf7df8fF} /xs] f] o; kb| z] sf] clwsfz+ k|b]z g= # ea\" gf6] lxdfnL / kxf8L 5 . o; kb| z] df u0fz] , nfª6fª, hu' n / uf/} Lzªs\\ / cflb lxdfn k5g{ \\ . Ifq] kmnsf] lx;fan] of] kb| z] n] gk] fnsf] !$ kl| tzt -@),#)) ju{ lsnfl] d6/_ ee\" fu cfu] 6s] f] 5 . hg u0fgf @)^* cg;' f/ oxfsF f] hg;ªV\\ of sl/a %% nfv 5, hg' gk] fnsf] sn' hg;ªV\\ ofsf] @! kl| tzt xg' cfp5F . o; kb| z] sf] lxdfnL Ifq] df zk] f{ / ef6] ] hftsf dflg;x¿ a:5g\\ . pkTosfdf g]jf/x¿sf] afx'Notf /xs] f] 5 . o; k|b]zsf cGo dV' o hghfltdf lh/]n, tfdfª, du/, yf? cflb 5g\\ . afxg' , If]qL, bzgfdL, blnt cflb hflt kb| ]zel/ 5l/P/ /xs] f 5g\\ . sf7df8f}F, eStk/' , nlntk/' , agk] f, x6] fF8} f, lrtjg / w'lnv]n oxfFsf dV' o ;x/x¿ x'g\\ . x]6fF}8f, kf6g, afnfh' cflb cf}b\\ofl] us If]qx¿ o; kb| z] df 5g\\ . uf;] fOFs'08, kzk' ltgfy, :joDe\", a9' fgLns07, afb} \\wgfy :t'kf, bfn] vf led]Zj/, blIf0fsfnL, knf~rfs] eujtL cflb oxfFsf kd| v' wfld{s :yn x'g\\ . o; kb| ]zdf oj' fsf] hg;ª\\Vof w/] } 5 . oxfF hn ljb\\ot' ,\\ vfg]kfgL, lzIff, ;8snufot ljsf;sf ljljw ;/+ rgf tyf hn ljb\\ot' \\ w]/} 5g\\ . # g= kb| ]z lzIffsf] kj\" f{wf/df cu|0fL, vfgL pTvggnufot sn' ufx:{ y pTkfbgdf ofu] bfg ug]{ Ifq] x¿df cufl8 /xs] f] 5 . -3_ g]kfnsf] kb| z] g= $ wjnflu/L, cGgk0\" f,{ dgf:n' / lxp“r'nL kj{t z[ªv\\ nf o; kb| z] df k5{g\\ . ju] gf; tfn, ¿kf tfn, km]jftfn / ltlnrf] tfn o; Ifq] sf kd| v' tfnx¿ xg' \\ . dgfª / d:' tfª h:tf lxdfnL pkTosfn] o; kb| z] k|fsl[ ts ¿kdf ;db[ w\\ dflgG5 . ;t] L, sfnLu08sL, d:ofª{ b\\ L h:tf gbLx¿n] o; kb| ]znfO{ ;d[b\\w agfPsf 5g\\ . Ifq] kmnsf] lx;fan] of] k|b]zn] g]kfnsf] !$ k|ltzt -@!,%)$ ju{ lsnf]ld6/_ e\"efu cf]u6]sf] 5 . hg u0fgf @)^* cg;' f/ oxfFsf] hg;ª\\Vof sl/a @$ nfv 5, h'g g]kfnsf] s'n hg;ªV\\ ofsf] ( kl| tzt x'g cfpF5 . sfnL u08sL / d:ofª{ \\bL gbLdf 7n' f ljbo\\ t' \\ s]Gb| /x]sf 5g\\ . kf]v/f, ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 13

aGbLk'/, dl' Stgfy, uf]/vf / dgsfdgf o; Ifq] sf ko6{ sLo kb| z] g= $ sG] b| x'g\\ . kf]v/f ljZj ljbo\\ fno klg o;} If]qdf kb5{ . oxf“ du/, u?' ª, afx'g, Ifq] L, ysfnL, b'/f cflb hfltsf dflg;x¿sf] a;f]af; /xs] f] 5 . dgsfdgf, ljGbo\\ jfl;gL, Clifsz] dlGb/, dl' Stgfy, afUnª' sflnsf, unZ] j/ cflb oxfFsf k|dv' wflds{ :yn x'g\\ . Currriculumo; kb| ]zdf e\"ldsf] tn' gfdf Go\"g hg;ª\\Vof /xs] f] 5 . o; Development Centrek|bz] df pRr ;fIf/tf, k|r/' ljbo\\ 't\\ ;Defjgf, ;/;kmfO / vfg]kfgLdf pRr kx'rF /x]sf] 5 . oxfsF f w]/} efu lxpnF ] 9flsPsf, sd s[lif If]q / ;8s, sn' ufx{:y pTkfbgdf cf}b\\of]lus If]qx¿sf] ofu] bfg sdhf/] /xs] fn] ljsf;df sl7gfO b]lvPsf] 5 . -ª_ gk] fnsf] k|bz] g= % of] w]/} e\"efu t/fO{ / afFsL kxf8L Ifq] /x]sf] k|b]z kb| ]z g= % xf] . o; kb| ]zdf lxd zª[ \\vnf 5}gg\\ . /fKtL, ltgfp / a9Luf8 gbL tyf ;TojtL, af/s'g], hubLzk'/ h:tf tfn o; If]qdf k5g{ \\ . oxf“ bfª, b]pv'/L, /fdk'/, df8L cflb 7n' f pkTosfx¿ 5g\\ . Ifq] kmnsf] lx;fan] o; kb| ]zn] gk] fnsf] !% k|ltzt -@@,@** ju{ lsnfl] d6/_ e\"efu cf]u6]sf] 5 . hg u0fgf @)^* cg;' f/ oxfFsf] hg;ª\\Vof sl/a $( nfv 5, h'g gk] fnsf] sn' hg;ª\\Vofsf] !* k|ltzt xg' cfpF5 . lemd?s hn ljb\\o't\\ sG] b| o;} k|b]zdf /xs] f] 5 . o; kb| ]zsf d'Vo Jofkfl/s sG] b|x¿df a6' jn, e}/xjf, s[i0fgu/, tfg;]g, ndxL, gk] fnuGh, sfx] nk'/, /fhfk'/ / lahj' f/ xg' \\ . n'lDagL, l/8L, /;] 'ª\\uf, e/} j :yfg, :juå{ f/L, 7fs'/åf/f, afu]Zj/L cflb o; If]qsf wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo sG] b| x'g\\ . o; kb| z] df l;S6f, aaO{, af0f uªu\\ f, ltgfpnufotsf l;FrfO cfof]hgfn] s[lif pTkfbgdf ;3fp k¥' ofO/x]sf 5g\\ . g]kfn ;:+ s[t / nl' DagL af}bw\\ ljZj ljb\\ofnox¿ klg o;} If]qdf k5{g\\ . o; kb| ]zdf e}/xjf, a'6jn, g]kfnu~h / sfx] nk/' df yk' |} pbo\\ fu] x¿ /x]sf 5g\\ . oxfF du/, yf?, afxg' , If]qL cflb hfltsf dflg;x¿sf] afxN' otf /x]sf] 5 . blIf0fL eu] df dw]zL ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿sf] ;3g a:tL 5 . o; kb| ]zdf w/] } ;8s ;~hfn / k|z:t vt] LofU] o hldg /x]sf] 5 . -r_ gk] fnsf] kb| ]z g= ^ b]zsf] dWo klZrdL ee\" fudf kg]{ of] k|bz] lxdfnL / kxf8L Ifq] df cjl:yt 5 . oxfs“ f] xfjfkfgL 7G8f / ;V' vf 5 . oxfF sf~hL/f]jf, kftf/f;L cflb lxdfn k5g{ \\ . /f/f / kmfS] ;G' 8f] b'O{ 7n' f tyf ;G' b/ tfnx¿ o; k|bz] df k5{g\\ . Ifq] kmnsf] lx;fan] o; kb| ]zn] g]kfnsf] sl/a @) kl| tzt 14 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

-@(,(*$ ju{ lsnfl] d6/_ e\"efu cfu] 6]sf] 5 . hg u0fgf @)^* k|bz] g= ^ cg';f/ oxfsF f] hg;ªV\\ of sl/a !!=% nfv 5, hg' g]kfnsf] s'n hg;ªV\\ ofsf] sl/a % k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 . jL/G] b|gu/, l5Gr,' bn} ]v, ;NnL ahf/ / hD' nf oxfs“ f dV' o Jofkfl/s sG] b|x¿ xg' \\ . oxfF of;fu{ 'Daf, :ofp, cf]v/, h8La'6L cflb kfOG5 . /Tg /fhdfu{, s0ff{nL /fhdfu{ / l5Gr' hfh/sf]6 ;8s oxfsF f d'Vo ;8s k\"jfw{ f/ x'g\\ . oxfF bp] tL aHo}, rGbggfy, z] uD' af, Currriculum Development CentresfjF |m] ljxf/nufotsf wflds{ :ynx¿ /x]sf 5g\\ . o; k|b]zdf 7s'/L, If]qL, afxg' , blntnufotsf hfltsf] afxN' otf /xs] f] 5 . oxfF kz' kfng / h8La6' Lsf nflu pkoS' t / 7n' f 3f;F ] db} fg Ifq] x¿ 5g\\ . w/] } Ifq] kmn / jgIfq] /xg' o; kb| z] sf ljzi] ftfx¿ xg' \\ . o; kb| z] df ltnf, e/] L, ;fgL e/] L, xD' nf s0ffn{ L, du' ' s0ffnL cflb :yfoL ks| l[ tsf gbLx¿ /xs] fn] hn ljbo\\ t' \\ pTkfbgsf] clws ;Defjgf /xs] f] 5 . -5_ g]kfnsf] kb| z] g= & of] k|b]z b]zsf] ;b' \"/ klZrddf cjl:yt 5 . o;df zS' nfkmf6F k|bz] g= & jGohGt' cf/If0f, vKt8 /fli6o« lgs'~h, clk / ;k} fn lxdfn k5{g\\ . Ifq] kmnsf] lx;fan] o; k|b]zn] gk] fnsf] sl/a !# k|ltzt -!(,%#( ju{ lsnfl] d6/_ ee\" fu cf]u6s] f] 5 . hg u0fgf @)^* cg';f/ oxfsF f] hg;ª\\Vof sl/a @% nfv 5, h'g gk] fnsf] s'n hg;ªV\\ ofsf] !) k|ltzt xg' cfp5F . 6gsk'/ Aof/]h, k~r]Zj/ ax' pb\\b]ZoLo cfof]hgf, klZrd ;]tL h:tf cfof]hgf o; kb| ]zsf] ljsf;sf pRr ;Defjgf af]ss] f ljsf; cfofh] gfx¿ x'g\\ . eLdbTt gu/, wgu9L, l;nu9L, cTtl/of, l6sfk'/, ;fFkma] u/ / 88F N] w'/f cflb o; k|b]zsf dV' o Jofkfl/s s]Gb| xg' \\ . oxf“ wfg, uxF', sf]bf,] hf}, ds} / t]nxg afnL d'Vo ¿kdf pTkfbg ul/G5 . oxfF afx'g, 7s/' L, If]qL, yf?, blntnufotsf ljleGg hfthfltsf] afxN' otf /x]sf] 5 . put| f/f, zn} Z] j/L, al9dflnsf cflb oxfsF f dV' o wfld{s :yn x'g\\ . o; kb| z] sf w/] } dflg;x¿ /fh] uf/sf nflu ef/tlt/ hfG5g\\ . t/fO{sf lhNnfdf ;8ssf] ;~hfn /x]sf], ef/t;uF ;xh cfjfudg /xs] f] eu] ldNbf] / kU' bf] vfb\\ofGg pTkfbg x'g] o; kb| z] sf kd| v' ljz]iftf xg' \\ . ljm| ofsnfk != tkfOF{ a;]sf] :yfg sg' k|b]zdf k5{ < To; kb| z] sf ljzi] ftfx¿ s] s] 5g\\ < k|:t't ug'{xf];\\ . @= pbo\\ f]u sd ePsf] kb| z] sg' xf] < o; kb| z] sf] ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf s] 5 < ;fyLx¿;Fu 5nkmn u/L ;'emfj tof/ kfgx{' f;] \\ . ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 15

Currriculum#= g]kfnsf kb| z] x¿sf] eu\" f]n, hg;ªV\\ of, e\"pkofu] , ;8s dfu,{ hn ljb\\ot' \\ cfofh] gf, Development Centreb]zsf] sn' ufx:{ y pTkfbgdf of]ubfg ug]{ ljleGg cfb} o\\ f]lus Ifq] x¿, ko6{ sLo uGtJo, z}lIfs ;:+ yfx¿sf] cjl:ylt / dfgj :jf:Yosf] cj:yfx¿sf cfwf/df tn' gfTds cWoog u/L sIffdf k:| tt' ug{x' f;] \\ . $= k|bz] ! b]lv & ;Dd kg]{ lhNnfx¿sf] gfd vf]hL u/L tflnsfdf k|:t't ug{x' f;] \\ . cEof; tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ lbgx' f];\\ M -s_ s'g k|b]zdf sl[ ifIf]q a9L /xs] f] 5 < o;af6 ljsf;df s:tf] k|efj k5{ < -v_ sg' k|b]zdf lxpnF ] 9fs]sf] If]q a9L 5 < ljsf;df o;sf] k|efj s:tf] k5{ < -u_ 3f;F ] db} fg jf r/g If]q sd ePsf] kb| z] sg' xf] < o:tf e\"efun] ljsf;sf sfox{ ¿df kfg{] k|efj nV] g'xf];\\ . -3_ s'g k|b]zdf jgIf]q sd /x]sf] 5 < o;sf] ljsNk s] x'g ;S5 < -ª_ g]kfnsf] kb| ]z g= ^ df ljsf;sf ;d:of tyf r'gf}tLx¿ s] s] 5g\\ < aF'bfx¿df l6kf]6 ugx'{ f;] \\ . -r_ Pp6f kb| ]z / csf]{ kb| ]zlar s] s] kIfx¿df tn' gf pkoS' t xG' 5 < gk] fnsf kb| ]z g= @ / k|b]z g= & df /x]sf ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx¿sf] pNn]v ug{x' f];\\ . ;fd'bflos sfo{ != tkfOsF{ f] k|bz] sf] Ps kd| 'v ljsf; cfofh] gf 5gf6] ug'x{ f;] \\ . pSt cfof]hgfaf6 k|b]zsf clwsf+z JolStnfO{ nfe k'¥ofpg s] s] ug{k' nf{ < ;'emfj k:| t't ugx'{ f;] \\ . @= …hg;ª\\Vof / e\"ufn] ljsf;sf nflu j/bfg xg' ;S5gÚ\\ k:| tt' zLif{sdf cfwfl/t eO{ tkfO{Fsf] kb| ]zsf] ;Gbe;{ dt] ;dl] 6g] u/L jStT[ Tj snf kl| tof]lutf cfof]hgf ugx{' f];\\ . 16 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

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efjL k:' tfsf cfjZostfnfO{ dWogh/ ub{} jtd{ fg dfgjLo cfjZostfnfO{ kl/kl\" t{ ug{] ljsf; g} lbuf] ljsf; xf] . ælbuf] ljsf;sf] ;jfk{] l/ nIo eg]sf] jtd{ fgsf gful/s tyf efjL k:' tfnfO{ sDtLdf klg hLjg ofkgsf cfwf/e\"t ;fwgx¿ lg/Gt/ pknAw u/fO{ ul/aL Go\"gLs/0f ug's{ f ;fy} ltgLx¿sf] hLjgsf ;fdflhs, cflys{ , /fhgLlts, ;f+:s[lts / kofj{ /0fLo If]qdf Jofks cj;/x¿ klg pknAw u/fpg] k|lj|mof tLj| agfpg' xf] .Æ — g]kfnsf nflu lbuf] ljsf;sf] Ph]G8f,@)^) Currriculum Development Centre lbuf] ljsf; eGgfn] jftfj/0f / ljsf;df k|ToIf ¿kdf ;Gtn' g vfH] g,] k[YjLn] wfGg ;Sg] / lg/Gt/ ¿kdf nfe k|fKt eO/xg] ljsf;nfO{ ae' \\mgk' 5{ . ;fy} Ps If]qsf] ljsf; ubf{ csf]{ Ifq] sf] jftfj/0fLo kIfdf ;dt] Ifo x'g glbg] u/L ul/g] ljsf; lbuf] ljsf; xf] . lbuf] ljsf;sf pb\\b]Zox¿ -s_ ul/aL lgjf/0fdf ;xof]u k¥' ofpg] -v_ dfgjLo ljsf; / ku| lt ug]{ -u_ jftfj/0fsf] ke| fjsf/L ;+/If0f ug]{ -3_ ;|ft] / ;fwgsf] ;fjwfgLkj\" {s k|ofu] ug]{ -ª_ pRr, l:y/ / lbuf] cfly{s j[b\\lw xfl;n ug]{ -r_ czSt, ckfªu\\ tf, dlxnfnufotsf If]qdf ;fdflhs Gofo sfod ug]{ . lbuf] ljsf;sf] ljz]iftfx¿ -s_ ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug{ dbt u5{ . -v_ efjL lk9F Lsf nflu ;'Gb/ eljio x:tfGt/0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofp5F . -u_ jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf hf]8 lbG5 . -3_ ;|f]t ;fwg k|flKt, kl/rfng Pjd\\ ;+/If0fdf ;xof]u u5{ . -ª_ ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] Gofok0\" f{ ljt/0fdf Wofg k'¥ofp5F . -r_ pkofu] jfbL ;:+ s[ltsf] lgoGq0f ub5{ . -5_ pRr / km/flsnf] cfly{s jb[ \\lwdf ;xofu] u5{ . -h_ kg' M rjm| 0f, gjLs/0f / k'gM ko| fu] x'g] ;fwg ko| f]u / kj| w{gdf hf8] lbG5 . lbuf] ljsf;sf cfofdx¿ cfly{s ;fdflhs÷ lbuf] ljsf;sf w/] } cfofdx¿ 5g\\ . o;n] ;fdflhs, zf;sLo lbuf] ljsf; ;f+:sl[ ts ;f:+ sl[ ts, cflys{ Pjd\\ dfgjLo cfofdx¿df ;/fs] f/ /fhgLlts /fV5 . og' :] sfs] f cg;' f/ lbuf] ljsf;sf ;fdflhs, jftfj/0fLo cflys{ , kf| sl[ ts tyf /fhgLlts cfofdx¿ xG' 5g\\ . dfgjLo ;fdflhs ;f:+ sl[ ts cfofdcGtut{ dfgj ;db' fo ;DaGw, ;f:+ sl[ ts ;Dkbfsf] ;/+ If0f, c;n ;:+ sl[ tsf] x:tfGt/0fnufot k5g{ \\ . ;uF s} f] rf6n{ ] o;nfO{ cem} :ki6 kf5{ . 18 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

lj|mofsnfk != lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu gk] fndf ePsf k|of;x¿ vfh] L u/L k|:tt' ugx{' f];\\ . @= tkfOFs{ f] ;d'bfodf ;~rflnt xg' ] sg' } Ps ljsf; sfon{ fO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffcg¿' k ;~rfng ug{ of]hgf k:| t't ugx'{ f];\\ . #= …cJojl:yt ljsf; ljgfz xf] .Ú o; egfOnfO{ ;d\"xut 5nkmn u/L pbfx/0f;lxt k|:6 kfg'{xf];\\ . $= gk] fndf lbuf] ljsf; sfofG{ jogsf ;d:of tyf rg' f}tLx¿ s] s] 5g\\ < hf8] L hf8] Ldf /xL a'Fbfut ¿kdf l6kf6] ugx{' f;] \\ . %= …lbuf] ljsf;sf] cfjZostfÚ ;DaGwdf Ps ;+jfb tof/ kfg{x' f;] \\ . ^= tkfOs{F f] ;d'bfodf lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff ljk/Lt ;~rfng ePsf s'g} ljsf; cfof]hgf xfn] fg\\, To:tf cfof]hgf cjnf]sg u/L ;'wf/ ugk'{ g{] If]qx¿ klxrfg ug'{xf];\\ . Currriculum Development CentrecEof; tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\\ M -s_ lbuf] ljsf; eg]sf] s] xf] < -v_ lbuf] ljsf; ug{ s] s] s/' fdf Wofg lbgk' 5{ < -u_ lbuf] ljsf;sf kmfObfx¿ pNnv] ug{'xf;] \\ . -3_ lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffcg¿' k cfofh] gf ;~rfng ubf{ s] s:tf kIfdf Wofg k¥' ofpgk' 5{ < -ª_ lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu g]kfnn] s] s] sfo{ ug{k' 5{ < ;fdb' flos sfo{ tkfOFs{ f] ;d'bfodf ;~rflnt s'g} Ps ;fgf] ljsf; cfof]hgf 5gf]6 ug'x{ f];\\ . pSt cfof]hgf lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffcg¿' k ;~rfng ug{ of]hgfsf] Ps vfsf tof/ kfg'{xf];\\ . cfofh] gfsf] gfd M :yfg M pb\\b]Zo M hg;xeflutfsf] cj:yf M cg'dflgt nfut M cfofh] gfsf] cjlw M nfeflGjt x'g] dflg;sf] ;ª\\Vof M jftfj/0f Iflt gug{ ul/g] ;Defljt ljsNkx¿ M ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 19

Currriculumkf7 M bO' { gk] fndf ;~rflnt ljsf; cfofh] gfx¿ Development Centre lglZrt ;dofjlwdf ;DkGg ul/;Sg] u/L ljljw nIosf ;fy ;fwg / ;|f]tsf] ko| fu] u/]/ ;'Jojl:yt tj/af6 ;~rflnt ljsf;sf sfoj{ m| dx¿ g} ljsf; cfof]hgfx¿ xg' \\ . nIo, nufgL, ckl] Ift kl/0ffd, k|efljt If]q cflbsf b[li6n] ljsf; cfofh] gfx¿ ;fgf jf 7n' f xG' 5g\\ . sg' } cfofh] gfx¿ :yfgLo :t/df t sg' } kb| ]z :t/df ;~rflnt xG' 5g\\ eg] sg' } /fli6o« txaf6 g} ;~rfngdf /x]sf x'G5g\\ . ;du| /fi6n« fO{ klxrfg lbnfpg] / b]zsf clwsf+z hgtf nfeflGjt xg' ] cfofh] gfx¿ /fli6o« txaf6 ;~rflnt x'G5g\\ . /fli6«o :t/df ;~rflnt cfofh] gfsf nflu k|fbl] zs tyf :yfgLo :t/df ;~rflnt cfof]hgfsf] tn' gfdf a9L ;f| ]t / ;fwg Pjd\\ nufgL cfjZos k5{ . logLx¿nfO{ /fli6o« uf}/jsf ljsf; cfofh] gfx¿ egL gfds/0f ul/Psf] 5 . lj=;= @)&# ;Dd o:tf /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx¿ @! cf]6f /x]sf 5g\\ . o:tf cfof]hgfx¿ ;docg';f/ yk36 x'g ;S5g\\ . gk] fndf ;~rflnt /fli6«o uf}/jsf s]xL ljsf; cfof]hgfx¿ o; k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\\ M -s_ /fi6k« lt r'/] ;+/If0f sfo{j|md gk] fnsf] ax'k|ltli7t cfof]hgfdWo] Ps /fi6«klt r/' ] ;+/If0f sfo{jm| d xf] . r'/]Ifq] df b]lvPsf] axk' IfLo ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{] o; sfo{jm| dsf] dV' o nIf xf] . ;fy} h}ljs ljljwtf, ef}ufl] ns, ;fdflhs / cflys{ kIfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL jftfj/0f / hLjg :t/df ;Gt'ng sfod /fVg' o;sf] pbb\\ Z] o xf] . cf=j= @)^&÷)^* b]lv jg tyf e\" ;+/If0f dGqfnocGtu{t of] sfoj{ m| d ;?' cft ul/Psf] xf] . o; sfoj{ m| dnfO{ cf=j= )&)÷)&! df /fli6o« uf/} jsf] cfof]hgfdf kl/0ft ul/Psf] lyof] . o; Ifq] n] @))–@!)) ld6/;Dd prfOdf /xs] f] / kj\" { Onfdbl] v klZrd s~rgk'/;Dd @^ lhNnfdf ;~rflnt g]kfnsf] s'n ee\" fusf] !@=&*% Ifq] kmn cfu] 6]sf] 5 . of] If]q e\" agf]6sf b[li6n] sdhf]/ / kq] r6\\6fg oS' t If]q xf] . o; sfo{j|mdsf nflu sG] bd| f Ps clwsf/ ;DkGg /fi6k« lt t/fO{ dwz] r'/] ;+/If0f ljsf; ;ldlt :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . -v_ kfv] /f If]qLo cGt/f{li6o« ljdfg :yn kf]v/fsf] l5g8] f8F fdf #^)) /f]kgL If]qkmndf lgdf{0f x'g] of] ljdfg :yn lgdf0{ faf6 kfv] /fnfO{ ljZjs} Ps ko{6sLo uGtJosf ¿kdf :yfkgf ug]{ pb\\bZ] o /flvPsf] 5 . o; ljdfg :ynsf] lznfGof; @)&# jz} fv ! ut] ul/Psf] xf] . @) ca{ #) s/f8] ?lkofFsf] nfutdf aGg] nIo lnPsf] o; ljdfg :yndf @%)) ld6/ nDafO / $% ld6/ rf8} fOsf] sª\\ljm| 6sf] kSsL wfjg dfu{ /xg] 5 . 6\\ofS;L kfls{ª, cGt/f{li6o« / cfGtl/s 5'6\\6f56' \\6} 6ldg{ n ejg, Po/ 6«flkms sG6«fn] 6fj/, %) ld6/ nDafOsf] Po/ lah| h:tf ;/+ rgfx¿ lgdf0{ f ug]{ nIo o; cfof]hgfn] /fvs] f] 5 . lrlgofF sDkgLn] lgdf0{ f lhDdf kfPsf] o; ljdfg :yndf @)) l;6 Ifdtfsf] h6] hxfhn] ;dt] klg p8fg / cjt/0f ug{ ;Sg] 5g\\ . 20 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

Currriculum-u_ a'9L u08sL hn ljb\\ot' \\ cfof]hgf Development Centre g]kfn ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] /fli6«o uf/} jsf cfof]hgfdWo] a'9L u08sL hn ljbo\\ t' \\ cfofh] gf hnfzo o'St cfof]hgf xf] . of] cfofh] gf sf7df8f}Faf6 sl/a *) ls=ld= klZrd b'/Ldf kg]{ uf]/vf / wflbª lhNnfsf] l;dfgfdf cjl:yt 5 . o; hnfzo oS' t cfof]hgfsf] Ifdtf !@)) d]ufjf6 5 . o; cfofh] gfsf] cg'dflgt nfut ?= @ va{ %$ ca{ (% s/f8] %) nfv /xs] f] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfjs ;+:yf a9' L u08sL hn ljbo\\ t' \\ cfof]hgf ljsf; ;ldlt xf] . cGt/fl{ i6o« ¿kdf cfly{s ;f| t] pknAw u/fpg] ;:+ yfx¿, h:t} M ljZj aª} \\s, cGt/fl{ i6o« ljTtLo ;+:yf, Pl;ofnL ljsf; aª} s\\ cflb /x]sf 5g\\ . o;sf] ;~rfng, lgodg / /v] bv] k0\" ft{ M gk] fn ;/sf/n] ug{] u/L Jojl:yt ul/Psf] 5 . o; cfofh] gfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;?' ePsf] sl/a cf7 jif{df sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ cjlw tfl] sPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] pmhf{ ;ª\\s6 Joj:yfkgsf] e/kbf{] ljsNk o; cfof]hgf xg' ] cfd ck]Iff 5 . -3_ dWo kxf8L nf]sdfu{ -ki' knfn dfu_{ kj\" { klZrd /fhdfus{ f] cjwf/0ffcg¿' k g]kfnsf] k\"j{b]lv klZrdsf kxf8L ee\" funfO{ ;du| ;8s ;~hfnaf6 hf8] g\\ ] / ljsf;sf sfo{df tLjt| f k|bfg ug]{ pb\\bZ] on] o; nfs] dfu{ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] yfngL ePsf] xf] . cfly{s jif{ @)^$÷)^% bl] v ;~rflnt o; cfofh] gf gk] fn ;/sf/sf] cfˆg} ;|ft] / ;fwgaf6 ;~rfng ug]{ u/L cl3 a9]sf] 5 . kj\" L{ kxf8L lhNnf kfFry/sf] lrof] e~Hofª, Rofªy\\ fkb' ]lv ;'? eO{ a}t8L lhNnfsf] emn' f3f6;Dd hf8] \\g] of] ;8s !,&&^ ls=ld= nfdf] x'g] 5 . kxf8L k|bz] sf @# lhNnf, @!% a:tL / emG8} &) nfv hgtf o; ;8s ;~hfnaf6 nfeflGjt xg' ] nIo /flvPsf] 5 . Jojl:yt ;x/Ls/0fsf] gLltcg¿' k o; ;8s ;~hfnn] ljleGg !) cf]6f 7fpxF ¿nfO{ gofF ;x/L ljsf; a:tL a;fpg] of]hgf klg ;d6] ]sf] 5 . klxn] g} lgdf0{ f eO;s]sf] ;8snfO{ clwstd ¿kdf pkof]u ug]{ gLltcg'¿k !,%!& ls=ld= ;8s lgdf0{ f eO{ ;~rfngdf cfPsf] 5 . cGo 7fpFdf 6o« fs vfN] g] sfd wdfwd rn]sf] 5 . o; cfofh] gfnfO{ @)&$÷)&% ;Dd k/' f ug{] nIo /flvPsf] 5 . -ª_ dflyNnf] tfdfsf];L hn ljbo\\ 't\\ cfofh] gf tfdfsf;] L gbLsf] jxfjaf6 ljbo\\ t' \\ pTkfbg ul/g] o; dflyNnf] tfdfsf;] L hn ljbo\\ t' \\ cfofh] gf bfn] vf lhNnfsf] pTt/L efudf cjl:yt 5 . nfdfau/df dV' o cfofh] gf :yn /xg] u/L ;~rflnt o; cfofh] gfsf] pTkfbg Ifdtf $%^ du] fjf6 /xs] f] 5 . k0\" f{ ¿kdf :jbz] L khF' Laf6 ;~rfng xg' ] / /fli6o« uf/} jsf] dfGotf kf| Kt o; cfofh] gfaf6 pTkflbt ljbo\\ t' \\ ;:tf] xg' ] 5 . lj=;=+ @)^# df ck/ tfdfsf;] L hn ljbo\\ t' \\ lnld68] gfdsf] ;:+ yf :yfkgf u/L sfo{ ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . o; cfofh] gfdf gk] fn ljbo\\ t' \\ kf| lws/0f, sdr{ f/L ;~ro sfi] f, gk] fn 6l] nsd, gful/s nufgL sfi] f, /fli6o« ladf ;:+ yfgnufot /fi6« ;j] s sdr{ f/L tyf ;j;{ fwf/0fsf] ljTtLo nufgL /xs] f] 5 . plNnlvt cfofh] gfafxs] sfz] L, sfnLu08sL / s0ff{nL sfl] /8f]/, x'nfsL ;8s, sf8df8f}F–t/fO{ b|'t dfu,{ kj\" { klZrd ljbo\\ t' Lo /]ndfu,{ dn] DrL vfg]kfgL, uf}td a'b\\w cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn, ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 21

bf];f| ] cGt/fl{ i6o« ljdfg:yn -lghu9_, kzk' lt If]q ljsf; sfi] f, nl' DagL ljsf; sfi] f, klZrd ;]tL ljb\\o't cfof]hgf, l;S6f l;FrfO, /fgLhd/f sn' l/of l;rF fO, aaO{ l;FrfO, /]ndfu{ tyf d6] «f] ljsf; kl/of]hgf, e]/L aaO{ 8fOe;{g ax' pb\\bZ] oLo cfofh] gf bz] sf /fli6o« uf/} jsf cfof] hgfsf ¿kdf ;~rflnt 5g\\ . ljm| ofsnfk != ljleGg ;f| t] x¿af6 lgDg lnlvt cfofh] gf ;DaGwdf ;r\" gf ;ª\\sng u/L sIffdf k|:t't ug{'xf;] \\ M -s_ e/] L aaO{ 8fOe;{g ax' pbb\\ Z] oLo cfof]hgf -v_ t/fO{ xn' fsL /fhdfu{ -u_ bf;] |f] cGt/f{li6o« ljdfg :yn, lghu9, af/f -3_ kzk' lt If]q ljsf; sf]if -ª_ d]nDrL vfgk] fgL cfofh] gf @= tkfOF{ olb /fli6«o ofh] gf cfof]usf] ;b:o ePsf] eP tkfOF{ a;fa] f; u/s] f] kb| ]zdf s:tf] cfofh] gf ;~rfng ugx'{ G' Yof] < lsg < ;d\"xdf 5nkmn u/L k|:tt' ug{x' f];\\ . #= b]zsf ljsf; cfof]hgfsf] sfo{ ku| lt ;DaGwL ljj/0f I nt e r ne t sf] ;xfotfaf6 jf kq klqsfdf k|sflzt ;dfrf/ ;ªs\\ ng u/L sIffdf k|bzg{ ugx{' f];\\ . Currriculum Development Centre cEof; -s_ cfofh] gf egs] f] s] xf] < bz] ljsf;df cfofh] gfsf] dxTTj / cfjZostfaf/] k:| 6 kfgx{' f;] \\ . -v_ g]kfndf ;~rflnt cfof]hgfx¿ tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf sfo{ ;DkGg gx'gfsf sf/0fx¿ pNn]v u/L ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ a'bF fut ¿kdf nV] g'xf;] \\ . -u_ cfofh] gfsf k\"jf{wf/x¿ s] s] x'g ;S5g\\ < pNn]v ug'x{ f];\\ . -3_ :jb]zL nufgLdf cfofh] gfx¿ lgdf0{ f x'gn' fO{ tkfOF{ s] eGgx' G' 5 < ts{x¿ k:| tt' ug{x' f;] \\ . -ª_ dWo kxf8L nfs] dfun{ ] k'¥ofpg] kmfObfx¿ s] s] x'g ;S5g\\ < tsx{ ¿ k|:t't ug{'xf;] \\ . ;fdb' flos sfo{ ljleGg ;dx\" df ljeflht eO{ cfˆgf] ljbo\\ fno kl/;/ jf ;d'bfodf ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] s]xL ;fgf cfof]hgfx¿ 5gf]6 ug{'xf;] \\ . Pp6f ;dx\" nfO{ s'g} Pp6f cfof]hgf 5gf6] ug{ lbgx' f];,\\ h:t} M ljbo\\ fno kl/;/ ;/;kmfO tyf kmfx] f/] d}nf Joj:yfkg cfof]hgf cflb . lgDg lnlvt a'b“ fx¿sf cfwf/df cfof]hgf agfO{ sfofG{ jog ug'x{ f];\\ M -s_ cfof]hgfsf] gfd -v_ pb\\bZ] o -u_ cfjZos ;fdfu|L -3_ ;~rfng ul/g] ldlt / ;DkGg xg' ] ldlt -ª_ cfjZos hgzlSt -r_ cgd' flgt nfut -5_ ;f| t] klxrfg 22 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

kf7 M ltg ljsf;sf k\"jfw{ f/ M bIf hgzlSt / /f]huf/ b]zsf] bl} gs sfo{ ;r' f? 9ª\\uaf6 ;~rfngsf lgldTt cfjZos kg{] ;f| ]t, ;fwg, kl| jlw / ;+/rgfx¿ g} ljsf;sf kj\" fw{ f/x¿ xg' \\ . k\"jfw{ f/x¿nfO{ ljsf;sf nflu clt cfjZos cfwf/x¿sf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos ;|ft] / ;fwgx¿nfO{ b'O{ efudf juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . ;|f]t / ;fwg Currriculum Development Centrekf| s[lts ;|ft] / ;fwgdfgj ;;+ fwg bz] ljsf;sf nflu bj' } k|sf/sf ;|ft] / ;fwgsf] pkl:ylt jf pknAwtf clgjfo{ xG' 5 . kf| sl[ ts ;f| ]t / ;fwgsf] dfq} pknAwtfn] ljsf;nfO{ tflTTjs ke| fj kfb{g} . tL ;|ft] / ;fwgnfO{ kl/rfng ug{ bIf hgzlSt cfjZos k5{g\\ . o;y{ bIf hgzlSt ljsf;sf] dxTTjk0\" f{ kj\" f{wf/ xf] . dflg;x¿df cGt/lglxt 1fg, l;k / IfdtfnfO{ dfgjLo ;fwg elgG5 . j:t' jf ;j] fsf] pTkfbg ugs{ f nflu dflg;df cGt/lglxt 1fg, l;k / zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s IfdtfnfO{ dfgj ;+;fwg -H um a n R e s rou c e _ elgG5 . dfgj ;fwg ;lj|mo ;fwg xf] . kf| s[lts / kF'hLut ;fwgsf] k|of]u dfgj ;fwgsf] ;xof]uaf6 x'G5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts ;ªu\\ 7gsf] lgdf0{ f klg dfgj ;+;fwgaf6 x'G5 . dfgj ;+;fwgn] /fi6s« f] ljsf;nfO{ tLj|tf lbG5 . To;}n] cfˆgf gful/ssf] l;k / 1fgsf] ljsf; Pjd\\ pkofu] ug{ ;Sg] /fi6« g} b]z ljsf;df cu|0fL x'G5 . lzIffaf6 1fg, l;k / clej[lTt tyf tflndaf6 sfo{ s'zntf ;Dabw\\ l;k kf| Kt ug{ ;lsG5 . o;y{ lzIff / tflndsf ;fy Ifdtf, ;sf/fTds ;f]r / sfo{ tTk/tf ePsf JolStnfO{ bIf hgzlSt elgG5, h:t} M OlGhlgo/, 8fS6/, lzIfs, of]hgf ljb,\\ g;{ cflb . /fi6« ljsf;sf] of]hgf lgdf0{ fbl] v sfo{fGjog;Dd bIf hgzlStsf] cfjZostf k5{ . ljZjsf ljsl;t d'ns' x¿ ljsf;df cufl8 x'g'df bIf hgzlStsf] kofK{ t pknAwtf xf] . ljsf;zLn d'n'sdf k|foM ;f| t] / ;fwg kofK{ t x'g] t/ bIf hgzlStsf] cefjn] kl/rfngdf ;d:of /xs] f] 5 . t;y{ tL dn' s' x¿n] bz] cg'sn\" sf] lzIff / bIf hgzlSt pTkfbgnfO{ kf| yldstfdf /fVg' cfjZos xG' 5 . ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 23

CurrriculumbIf hgzlSt tof/ ug{] pkfox¿ Development Centre-s_ ;dofg's\"n j1} flgs lzIff gLltsf] sfofG{ jog ug]{ -v_ bz] sf] cfjZostf cg';f/sf] kf| ljlws / Jofjxfl/s lzIff k|0ffnL ljsf; ug{] -u_ plrt tflndsf] k|aGw ldnfpg] -3_ ljsl;t ;\"rgf k|ljlw;uF cb\\ofjlws ug{] u/fpg] -ª_ cWoog, ed| 0f, cg';Gwfg / vf]h ug]{ . bIf hgzlSt / /fh] uf/Lsf cj;/sf] ;DaGw /fdf| ] lzIff xfl;n u/]sf, l;ko'St / >dkl| t ;dlk{t JolStx¿n] ;lhn} /fh] uf/Lsf] cj;/ k|fKt ub{5g\\ . /fHon] gful/sx¿nfO{ lzlIft / bIf agfpg] tyf /fh] uf/sf cj;/x¿ k|bfg ug{] nIo /fvs] f] x'G5 . b]zsf zl} Ifs ;:+ yfx¿ tyf tflnd kb| fos s]Gbx| ¿n] ahf/sf] dfu / b]zsf] cfjZostfadfl] hd bIf hgzlSt pTkfbg u5{g\\ . To:tf hgzlSt sfdsf] vfh] L ug{] vfnsf dfq geO{ cfkmF} /fh] uf/Lsf] l;hg{ f ug]{ pbo\\ dzLn, :jfjnDaL, :jfledfgL / l;koS' t x'gk' 5{ . /fi6n« ] To:tf hgzlStnfO{ :jbz] df g} sfdsf] cj;/ l;hg{ f ul/lbg] jf :j/f]huf/sf] Joj:yf ul/lbgk' 5{ . ta dfq b]zsf] ljsf; ;Dej x'G5 . sfdsf] vf]hLdf ljb]zlt/ efF}tfl/ge' Gbf :jb]zd} cfˆgf] l;k / >d vlr{g' >]ois/ x'G5 . ljm| ofsnfk != bz] ljsf;sf lglDt kf| s[lts ;fwg / dfgj ;+;fwglarsf] cGt/;DaGwaf/] Ps lgaGw nV] gx' f];\\ . @= /fli6o« ofh] gf cfof]usf] kl| tj]bg, @)!# cg;' f/ g]kfnsf] lg/kI] f ul/aL @#=* kl| tztdf em/s] f] b]lvPsf] 5 . o;sf sf/0fx¿ s] s] xg' \\ < pNn]v ug'{xf;] \\ . #= tkfOF{ eljiodf sg' k];f cjnDag ug{ rfxgx' 'G5 < lsg < sf/0fx¿ lbgx' f];\\ . $= …Pp6f bIf hgzlStn] w]/} hgzlSt pTkfbg u5{ .Ú o; egfOnfO{ pbfx/0f;lxt k'li6 kfgx'{ f];\\ . %= bIf hgzlSt / /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/sf] ;DaGwaf/] sIffdf 5nkmn ug'{xf;] \\ / Pp6f b}lgs klqsfsf nflu nv] tof/ kfg'{xf;] \\ . ^= …bIf hgzlStsf] pTkfbglagf bz] ljsf; ;Dej 5}gÚ eGg] zLifs{ df jSt[Tj snf kl| tof]lutf ;~rfng ug{'xf;] \\ . &= tnsf] ;dfrf/ cWoog u/L ;fl] wPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pTt/ nV] g'xf];\\ . :j/fh] uf/ aGb} dlxnf ckfªu\\ eP klg vf]6fªsL ;/fh] f /fO{ b'O{ dlxg] l;nfO s6fO ;DaGwL tflnd lnPsL x'g\\ . cflys{ ¿kdf cfTd lge{/ / :j/fh] uf/ aGg pgn] tflnd lnPsL xg' \\ . tflnd k/' f u/] nuTt} ufpFd} sk8f l;nfO Joj;fo rnfpg] pgsf] ;kgf k'/f x'Fb}5 . ufpdF f gofF gofF l8hfOgsf sk8f l;nfpg] 24 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

Currriculum6]nl/ªsf] /fdf| ] ;Defjgf b]v/] l;nfO s6fO Joj;fo /fh] ]sf] ;/f]hf atfplF 5g\\ . pgn] clxn] Development CentrepSt Joj;foaf6 3/vr{ rnfpg]b]lv afnaRrfsf] lzIffbLIffdf vr{ ub{} art ul//xs] L 5g\\ . ;'ldqf /fO{ bfndf]7 / el' hof pb\\of]u rnfpg] t/v/df l5g\\ . pgn] sx] L ;docl3 bfndf]7 / e'lhof tof/ ug{] tflnd lnPsL 5g\\ . pTkflbt bfndf7] , e'lhof ufpsF f k;nafxs] l5ds] L aflS;nf ahf/;Dd k'¥ofpg] pgsf] ;f]r 5 . glhssf ls/fgf k;naf6 lxhfc] fh bfndf]7, e'lhofsf] dfu cfpg yfns] f] ;'ldqf atfplF 5g\\ . pgsf cg';f/ ufpdF f x'g] ;fs]nf, ufOh{ fqfnufot rf8kj{df xg' ] en] fdf ;d]t bfndf7] / e'lhofn] /fd|f] ahf/ kfPsf] 5 . pgn] cfˆgf] Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ ufpFsf %÷^ hgf o'jfx¿nfO{ /f]huf/;d]t lbPsL l5g\\ . ljbz] hfg] dfx] Tofu/] :j/fh] uf/ aGg bLks tfdfª lbStn] df l;sdL{ tflnd lnO/x]sf 5g\\ . ufpFdf sx] L g s]xL t ug{} k¥of] lg Û tfdfªn] eg,] æsfd l;s/] cfkm}F /fh] uf/ aGg] xf] .Æ vf6] fªdf xfn rf/ hgf bfndf]7 pbo\\ fu] , ltg hgf l;nfO s6fO, ltg hgf cnr}F L v]tL, b'O{ hgf cNnf,] Ps hgf l;sdL,{ Ps hgf Ao6' L kfn{/, Ps hgf kmf6] f]uf| km/ / Ps hgf t]n pTkfbg ;DaGwL n3' pbo\\ fu] ;~rfngdf nfluk/]sf 5g\\ . lxhfc] fh wg sdfpg ljbz] hfg] kj| l[ Tt dfn} fpFbf] 5 . /fh] uf/Lsf nflu w]/} o'jf oj' tLn] ljb]zsf] ljsNk bv] s] f 5}gg\\ . t/ >d u/] ufpdF } wg sdfpg ;lsG5 eGg] dfGotf :yflkt ug{ Ps;} fy lhNnfsf () hgfeGbf a9L :yfgLo JolStx¿ n3' pb\\oddf xf}l;Psf 5g\\ . vfdL{ # sf efg' /fO{ / ¿kdfg ljs js;{ k tflndsf nflu pbok'/ ;b/d'sfd ufO{3f6 ku' s] f 5g\\ . sfzL/fd u'?ª / lbgz] /fO{ df]afOn dd{tsf nflu ufO3{ f6df 5g\\ . Ao'6L kfn/{ rnfpg] dlxnfn] lbSt]naf6 tflnd k'/f u/L ufpFdf cGo dlxnfnfO{ ;d]t tflnd lbPsf 5g\\ . ufpFd} cfo cfh{gsf nflu vfdLs{ f dlxnfn] a]df};dL t/sf/L v]tL ;'? ul/;s]sf 5g\\ . pgLx¿ clxn] hUuf vghft] , 6gn] lgdf0{ f, l;FrfO Joj:yfkgsf sfddf 5g\\ . æcfo;|ft] a9fpgsf nflu t/sf/L vt] Ldf nfu]sf xfFÆ} , l;hg{ f /fOn{ ] elgg,\\ æo;}af6 xfdf| ] ;db[ \\lwsf] ;Defjgf b]vs] f 5fF} .Æ vf]6fª lhNnfsf afl;Gbfn] n3' pb\\od ljsf; sfo{j|mdaf6 ;xofu] kfPsf x'g\\ . pgLx¿n] 3/n] ' tyf ;fgf pbo\\ f]u ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfly{s ;xof]u k|fKt u/]sf 5g\\ . o; sfo{sf] aGbf]a:t ljsf; ;xhLs/0f ;~rfng dlxnf ljsf; sfofn{ on] u/]sf] xf] . k|Zgx? -s_ o; ;dfrf/df pNn]v ePsf :j/f]huf/sf Ifq] pNn]v ug'{xf];\\ . -v_ :j/f]huf/n] ;dfhdf NofPsf ;sf/fTds kl/jtg{ s] s] xg' \\ < -u_ ljbz] df sfd ug{ uPsf] bfhn' fO{ :jb]zdf :j/fh] uf/ ug{ cg'/f]w ub}{ kq n]Vg'xf];\\ . ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 25

-3_ dflysf] cg'R5]bdf pNn]lvt hgzlSt / pgLx¿n] kf| Kt u/s] f tflndsf] ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNnv] ugx'{ f;] \\ . -ª_ efl] n tkfO{F sg' Ifq] df bIf hgzlSt aGg rfxg'x'G5, lsg < cEof; -s_ ;|ft] / ;fwg eg]sf] s] xf] < -v_ bIf hgzlStsf] dxTTjaf/] k|sfz kfg'{xf;] \\ . -u_ bIf hgzlStnfO{ lsg ljsf;sf] k\"jf{ wf/ dflgG5 < sf/0f lbgx' f];\\ . -3_ bIf hgzlSt s;/L pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 < -ª_ bIf hgzlSt / /f]huf/L larsf] ;DaGw :ki6 kfgx{' f;] \\ . Currriculum Development Centre;fd'bflos sfo{ cfˆgf] ;d'bfodf /xs] f bIf hgzlSt ;DaGwdf ;jI{] f0f ug'x{ f];\\ . pxfFx¿ sg' s'g k];fdf ;n+ Ug x'gx' G' 5 < ljsf; sfo{df pxfxF ¿sf] s] s:tf] ofu] bfg 5 < pxfFx¿sf] /fh] uf/Lsf] cj:yf s] s:tf] 5 < cWoog tyf ljZni] f0f u/L tn lbOPsf] 9frF fdf Ps k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg{'xf];\\ / sIffdf k:| t't ug'{xf;] \\ . zLifs{ M -s_ cWoogsf] kl/ro -v_ cWoogsf] pbb\\ Z] o -u_ cWoogsf] ljj/0f M j|m=;= k;] fsf] lsl;d ljsf;df k¥' ofpg] of]ubfg /fh] uf/Lsf] cj:yf -3_ lgisif{ 26 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

kf7 M rf/ ;dsfnLg ljsf; nIo / gk] fn ;+oS' t /fi6« ;ª\\3sf] ;g\\ !(() df a;]sf] dxf;efsf] a7} sn] ljZjaf6 ul/aL 36fpg] pb\\bZ] o lnO{ cGt/fl{ i6«o ljsf;sf nIox¿ ls6fg u/]sf] lyof] . To;u} /L ;g\\ @))) ;K] 6]Da/df ePsf] ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª3\\ Lo ;Ddn] gn] ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIox¿ -M i l l e in mu D e ve l mpo e tn G ao l s _ lgwf/{ 0f u¥of] . o;n] ljsf;fG] d'v /fi6x« ¿df /xs] f] cfly{s tyf dfgjLo ul/aLnfO{ cGTo ug]{ kl| tab\\wtfsf ;fy 3fi] f0ff kq hf/L u¥of] . cf7 cf]6f nIo;lxt @! cf6] f kl/;\"rs /xs] f] pSt nIo ;g\\ !(() nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL @)!% ;Dddf xfl;n ug{'kg]{ ;do ;Ldf tfl] sPsf] lyof] . o;df g]kfn;lxt ljZjsf !*( /fi6x« ¿n] kl| tabw\\ tfsf ;fy x:tfIf/ u/s] f lyP . Currriculum Development Centre;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo / gk] fnn] kf| Kt u/]sf] pknlAw j|m=;= ;x;|fAbL nIox¿ g]kfnn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] nIo pknlAwsf] cj:yf ;f| t] @)!% -cfwf/ jif{ !(() nfO{ /f=of]=cf=, ;g\\ @)!# dflgPsf_] @#=*% /f=of=] cf=, ;g\\ != ul/aL / ef]sd/L ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lgsf] kf| ylds txdf vb' egfb{ / @)!# cGTo ug{] hg;ªV\\ ofnfO{ @!% df emfg{] lzIff dGqfno @= ljZjJofkL ;Dk\"0f{ afn aflnsfnfO{ ;g\\ @)!%÷ /f=t=lj= ;g\\ k|fylds lzIff kf| ylds lzIff kb| fg ug{] (^=@% / ;fIf/tf **=^% @)!! /f=t=lj=, ;g\\ xfl;n u/fpg] -!% bl] v @$ jif{ pd/] ;dx\" _ @)!$ #= nª} l\\ us ;dfgtf afn aflnsf ljbo\\ fno egfd{ f kf| ylds lzIff 5fq5fqf lj=:jf=;+=, ;g\\ @)!$ jb[ l\\ w / dlxnf ;dfgtf÷nª} l\\ us ljeb] cGTo egf{ cg'kft !=)# / u}/ rf}wf}F ofh] gfsf] cfwf/ kq ;zStLs/0f ug]{ ug]{ s[lifIf]qdf dlxnfsf] lx:;f jg dGqfno $$=* kl| tzt ;g\\ @)!% $= afn d[To'b/ afn dT[ o'b/ !÷# n] #* k|ltxhf/ cy{ dGqfno ;g\\ @)!% 36fpg] 36fpg] -%$ k|ltxhf/_ -% jifd{ l' gsf_ %= dft[ :jf:Yodf dft[ dT[ ob' / !÷$ n] 36fpg] @%* -k|ltnfv hLljt lzz' ;'wf/ ug]{ @!# kl| t Ps nfv hLljt hGd hGd]sfdf_ ^= H I V / A I D S , /fu] sf] km}nfj6 lgoGq0f, -!% bl] v @$ jif{ pd]/ ;d\"xsf oj' f o'jtLdf H I V dnl] /of / /fs] yfd tyf pGdn\" g ;ª\\j|md0f )=@)% Ifo/f]u h:tf /fu] x¿ lgoGq0f ug]{ jg hª\\unsf] If]qkmn $)% #(=^% jg hªu\\ n Ifq] kmn &= jftfj/0fLo / vfg]kfgLsf] pknAwtf &#% / *#= ^% vfgk] fgL ;]jf lbufk] gnfO{ ;'/lIft ug]{ k'¥ofpg] *= ljsf;sf nflu ljsf;sf nflu ljZjJofkL hDdf j}b]lzs ;xfotf ljZjJofkL ;xsfo{sf] ljsf; ug]{ kl/rfng %%=#% ;xsfo{sf] ljsf; ug{] ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 27

lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox¿ -;g\\ @)!^— ;g\\ @)#)_ lbuf] ljsf; nIo bO' { bzseGbf a9L ;dob]lv ljZj :t/Lo 5nkmnsf] ljifo ags] f] 5 . o;sf] cf}krfl/s ;?' cft ;g\\ @)!@ h'gdf a|flhnsf] l/of] lb hg] l] /of] / ;g\\ @)!$ ;K] 6]Da/df ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª\\3sf] dxf;efdf eof] . ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo ;g\\ @)!% df cGTo eO;s]kl5 ;g\\ @)!^ bl] v ;g\\ @)#) ;Ddsf] of]hgf abw\\ ljsf;sf] csf]{ r/0fsf ¿kdf lbuf] ljsf;sf nIonfO{ sfofG{ jogdf NofOPsf] xf] . o;sf nIo tyf uGtJox¿ ;g\\ @)!% ;]K6D] a/sf] dxf;efn] :jLst[ u/s] f] lyof] . t/ sltko ;\"rs / sfofG{ jogsf /0fgLltx¿ agfpg cem} afFsL /x]sf] 5 . xfn;Dddf hDdf !& cf]6f nIo / !^( cf6] f uGtJox¿ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf 5g\\ . g]kfnn] o;} cjlwdf ;g\\ @)@@ ;Dddf clt sd ljsl;t /fi6«sf] :t/af6 dflyNnf] :t/df k'Ug] nIo lnPsf] 5 . oL nIox¿ a[xt\\, dxTTjfsfª\\IfL / rg' ft} Lk0\" f{ 5g\\ h;nfO{ k'/f ug{ w/] } ;|ft] ;fwg cfjZos k5{ . o;df ;g\\ @)#) ;Dddf gk] fnnfO{ ;dfjz] L, ;dtfd\"ns Pjd\\ dWod cfoo'St ;d[b\\w sNof0fsf/L /fHosf ¿kdf :yflkt u/fpg] nIo /flvPsf] 5 . Currriculum Development Centreg]kfnsf lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox¿ kd| 'v uGtJo ;g\\ @)#) ;Dddf ;a} 7fpaF f6 ;a} JolStx¿sf] r/d lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox¿ ul/aL cfwfn] 36fpg] -xfn lbgsf] !=@% 8n/eGbf nIo ! M ;a} 7fpFaf6 ;a} :j¿ksf ul/aLnfO{ sd cfo cfhg{ dfkg ul/Psfx¿ ;lxt_ cGTo ug{] ;g @)#) ;Dddf ef]sd/Lsf] cGTo / lzz'x¿;lxt ul/a tyf hfl] vdsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf ;a} JolStx¿sf] nIo @ M ef]sd/Lsf] cGTo ug],{ vfb\\o ;'/Iff / a;e}{ l/ ;'/lIft, kfl] ifnf] / kofK{ t vfgfdf kx'rF pGgt kf]if0f kf| lKt ug]{ / lbuf] s[lifsf] kj| wg{ ug]{ k'¥ofpg] ;g\\ @)#) ;Dddf dft[ dT[ ob' /sf] cg'kft kl| t ! nIo # M :j:y hLjg ;'lglZrt ug]{ / ;a} pd]/ nfv hGddf &) eGbf sdn] 36fpg] ;d\"xsf JolStsf] sNof0fsf] kj| w{g ug]{ ;g\\ @)#) ;Dddf ckfª\\utfnufot ;a} lszf/] tyf nIo $ M ;a}sf nflu ;dfj]zL tyf u0' f:t/Lo lszf/] Lx¿sf] lgMz'Ns, ;dtfd\"ns tyf u'0f:t/Lo lzIff ;'lglZrt ug]{ / cfhLjg l;sfOsf] k|fylds / dfWolds lzIff ;'lglZrt ug{,] o;af6 cj;/x¿nfO{ k|jw{g ug]{ ;fGbles{ tyf ke| fjsf/L l;sfO k|ltkmn k|fKt ug]{ nIo % M nª} \\lus ;dfgtf xfl;n ug{] / ;a} dlxnf tyf lszf/] Lx¿ lj?b\\w x'g] ;a} ks| f/sf dlxnf tyf lszf/] Lx¿sf] ;zStLs/0f ug{] eb] efjsf] ;a}lt/ cGTo ug{] . ;a} txsf lg0fo{ k|lj|mofdf dlxnf ;xeflutf ;l' glZrt ug{] nIo ^ M ;as} f nflu vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOsf] ;g\\ @)#) ;Dddf ;a}sf nflu ;'/lIft tyf vr{n] wfGg pknAwtf / lbuf] Joj:yfkg ;l' glZrt ug{] ;Sg] dN\" odf lkpg] kfgLsf] ;j{;n' e / ;dtfdn\" s kxrF' xfl;n ug{] . ;a} ;d'bfo v'nf lb;fd'St If]q nIo & M ;as} f nflu vrn{ ] wfGg ;Sg], e/kbf]{, x'g] lbuf] tyf cfw'lgs pmhfd{ f kxF'r ;l' glZrt ug]{ ;g\\ @)#) ;Dddf vr{n] wfGg ;Sg,] e/kbf]{ / cfwl' gs pmhfs{ f] ;j{;n' e kx'Fr ;l' glZrt ug{] 28 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

nIo * M ;a}sf nflu lg/Gt/, ;dfj]zL clt sd ljsl;t dn' 'sx¿df /fli6«o / lbuf] cflys{ jb[ \\lw tyf k0\" f{ Pjd\\ pTkfbgd\"ns kl/l:yltcg;' f/ sn' ufx{:y pTkfbg -hL8LkL_ sf] /f]huf/L / dofl{ bt sfdsf] k|jw{g ug{] sDtLdf jflif{s & kl| tzt k|ltJolSt cfly{s j[b\\lw xfl;n ug]{ . afn>d lgd{\"n ug{] nIo ( M alnof] -l6sfp_ k\"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug],{ cfly{s ljsf; / dfgj sNof0fnfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg ;dfj]zL / lbuf] cf}bo\\ fl] usLs/0fsf] kj| wg{ ug]{ / ;as} f nflu u0' f:t/Lo, e/kbf]{, lbuf] / alnof] -l6sfp_ gjLg vf]hnfO{ kf| T] ;fxg ug]{ kj\" fw{ f/sf] ;n' e / ;dfg kxr'F sf] ljsf; ug]{ nIo !) M b]zleq} / bz] x¿dfem /xs] f] ;g\\ @)#) ;Dddf ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /xs] f $) c;dfgtfnfO{ Gog\" ug]{ k|ltzt hg;ªV\\ ofsf] cfDbfgL /fli6«o cf};teGbf dfly /xg] u/L jb[ \\lw ug]{ / To;nfO{ sfod ug{] Currriculum Development Centre nIo !! M gu/x¿ / dfgj a:tLx¿nfO{ ;dfj]zL, ;g\\ @)#) ;Dddf kofK{ t, ;'/lIft tyf vrn{ ] wfGg ;'/lIft, ;an -l6sfp_ / lbuf] agfpg] ;Sg] cfjf; / cfwf/et\" ;]jfx¿df ;as} f] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug]{ / em'k8L a:tLx¿sf] :t/fG] glt ug]{ nIo !@ M lbuf] pkef]u / pTkfbgsf] 9frF f ;g\\ @)#) ;Dddf kf| sl[ ts ;f| t] x¿sf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ;'lglZrt ug]{ tyf r':t k|of]u xfl;n ug]{ nIo !# M hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf o;sf k|efjx¿ ;a} dn' s' df k|fs[lts k|sf]k tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{g;uF lj?b\\w n8\\g tTsfn sfo{ yfNg] ;DalGwt hf]lvdx¿sf] ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg] jf ;f] cgs' \"ng Ifdtf jb[ l\\ w ug]{ nIo !$ M lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu dxf;fu/, ;db' | / gk] fnsf nflu ;fGble{s gePsf] ;fdl' b|s ;f| t] ;fwgx¿sf] ;+jw{g÷;+/If0f / lbuf] ko| f]u ug]{ cGt/f{li6«o ;Demf}tfcg'¿k ;g\\ @)@) ;Dddf :ynLo nIo !% M lbuf] kof{j/0fLo k0| ffnLsf] k|of]usf] ;/+ If0f, tyf :jR5 hn kofj{ /0f / ltgLx¿sf] ;j] fx¿ vf;u/L kg' M:yfkgf / k|jwg{ ug]{, jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug],{ jg hª\\un, l;d;f/, lxdfn, ;V' vf e\"ld cflbsf] d?ed\" Ls/0f lj?bw\\ n8g\\ ], eI\" foLs/0fsf] /fs] yfd ug{] ;/+ If0f, ;+jwg{ tyf bL3s{ fnLg pkof]u ;'lgZrt ug{] / To:tf] k|lj|mofnfO{ pN6\\ofpg] Pjd\\ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] IfltnfO{ /f]Sg] nIo !^ M lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu zflGtk0\" f{ / ;dfj]zL ;a} lsl;dsf lx;+ f / ;f;] Fu ;DalGwt dT[ ob' / ;dfhsf] k|jwg{ ug{,] ;an} fO{ Gofodf kxFr' kb| fg pNn]Vo ¿kdf 36fpg], ei| 6frf/df sdL Nofpg] ug]{ / ;a} txdf k|efjsf/L, pTt/bfoL, ;dfjz] L ;+:yfx¿sf] ljsf; ug{] s/;lxt cGo /fh:j ;ª\\sngsf nflu cfGtl/s nIo !& M lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu sfof{Gjog k|ljm| of Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ ug{ ljsf;fG] dv' /fi6«x¿nfO{ cGt/fl{ i6o« dhat' agfpg] / ljZjJofkL ;fem]bf/LnfO{ k'ghLj{ g ;xofu] dfkmt{ cfGtl/s ;|ft] kl/rfngnfO{ alnof] lbg] . agfpg] . ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 29

Currriculumljm| ofsnfk Development Centre!= ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª\\3sf] dxf;efn] lsg ;g\\ @)!% ;Dddf k|fKt ug{] u/L ;x;f| AbL ljsf; nIo lgwf{/0f u/s] f] xfn] f < sIffdf 5nkmn ugx'{ f;] \\ / cfPsf] lgisifn{ fO{ a'bF fut ¿kdf l6kf]6 u/L k:| t't ug{x' f;] \\ . @= tkfO{Fn] cfˆgf] sx] L g sx] L JolStut nIo lng'ePsf] x'g'k5{ . cfufdL !) a;]{ cjlwdf s] s] nIo kf| Kt ug]{ ofh] gf 5 < of]hgfsf ;\"rsx¿ / sfof{Gjog kl| jm| of;d]t sIffdf k|:tt' ug{x' f;] \\ . #= gk] fnn] ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt nIox¿ lgwfl{ /t ;dodf kf| Kt ug{ s] s] ug{'knf{ < ;dx\" df ljeflht eO{ 5nkmn ug{x' f;] \\ / ;d\"xut lgisif{nfO{ ab'F fdf k|:tt' ug{'xf];\\ . $= lbuf] ljsf; nIosf ;r\" sx¿ OG6/g6] jf cGo ;f| ]taf6 vf]hL sIffdf k|:t't ugx{' f;] \\ . cEof; -s_ ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo egsf] s] xf] < -v_ lbuf] ljsf; nIo -S D G _ ;g\\ @)!^—@)#) n] lgwf{/0f u/s] f uGtJo ;DaGwdf tkfO{nF fO{ nfus] f ljrf/x¿ k:| t't ug{x' f;] \\ . -u_ ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo kf| lKtdf gk] fn ;kmn eof] ls c;kmn < cfˆgf ts{x¿ k;] ug{x' f];\\ . -3_ lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox¿dWo] tkfOn{F fO{ a9L dxTTjk\"0f{ nfus] f] nIo sg' xf] < lsg < cGo nIox¿;Fu t'ngf u/L nV] gx' f;] \\ . ;fd'bflos sfo{ tkfOFs{ f] ;db' fodf /x]sf ljsf; ;DaGwL hfgsf/ s'g} ltg hgf JolStx¿nfO{ e6] L gk] fnnfO{ cltsd ljsl;t /fi6«af6 ljsl;t /fi6«sf] :t/df Nofpg s] s:tf of]hgf tyf sfoj{ m| dx¿ lgdf0{ f u/L sfof{Gjog ug'k{ nf{ < hgtfsf] el\" dsf s] s:tf] xg' 'knf{ < h:tf ljifodf 5nkmn ugx{' f];\\ / cfˆgf] /fo ;e' mfj;d]t pNnv] u/L Ps k|ltj]bg tof/ kfgx'{ f];\\ . 30 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

kf7 M kfr“ :yfgLo txdf ljsf; k:| tfj th'd{ f ljsf; of]hgfabw\\ x'G5 . k|efjsf/L of]hgf lgdf0{ f ug{' ljsf;sf] klxnf] ;t{ xf] . of]hgfn]Currriculum :yfgLo / /fli6«o txsf] ljsf; sfo{nfO{ dfu{ lgb{z] u/]sf] xG' 5 . o;y{ ljsf; of]hgfDevelopment Centre th{d' f ug{' Ps l;k xf] . pknAw ;f| t] / ;fwgsf] plrt ko| fu] ug]{ u/L lglZrt cjlwdf tf]lsPsf pb\\bZ] ox¿ k/' f ug{ tof/ kfl/Psf] ;du| sfoj{ |mdsf] vfsf tof/ kfgn{' fO{ ofh] gf th'd{ f elgG5 . o;df s] ug{] < lsg ug]{ < s;n] ug]{ < s;/L ug]{ < sxfF ug{] < slxn] ug{] < h:tf kIfx¿nfO{ :ki6 ls6fgsf ;fy k:| t't ul/Psf] x'G5 . ofh] gf thd'{ fnfO{ ljsf;sf] clu|d lg0fo{ klg elgG5 . ;ª3\\ Lo k|0ffnL jf ljsG] bL| s/0fsf] l;bw\\ fGt cjnDag u/s] f /fi6x« ¿df :yfgLo tx jf lgsfox¿nfO{ of]hgf thd'{ f Pjd\\ sfofG{ jog ug{ :jfoTttf k|bfg ul/Psf] x'G5 . :yfgLo ;|ft] / ;fwgsf] k|of]u, ljsf; sfos{ f lg0f{ox¿ ug{ / ;~rfng ug{ oL lgsfox¿nfO{ clwsf/ kT| ofof]hg ul/Psf] xG' 5 . ufpkF flnsf / gu/kflnsf xfd|f] bz] sf :yfgLo lgsfox¿ x'g\\ . cfjZostfcg';f/ :yfgLo ;db' fosf JolStx¿ ;+nUg /x]sf] pkef]Stf ;ldltx¿ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] x'G5 . :yfgLo ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{x¿ tL ;ldltx¿dfkmt{ ;~rfng tyf sfofG{ jog ul/Psf xG' 5g\\ . ljsf; sfo{ tyf cfofh] gf sfofG{ jog ug'k{ \"j{ cfjZostf klxrfg, 5gf6] , k:| tfj tof/L, nfut, hg ;xeflutf, ;f| t] / ;fwgsf] pknAwtf cflbsf] n]vfhfv] f ug'k{ 5{ . oL zLifs{ x¿sf cfwf/df ;/f]sf/jfnf pkef]Stf ;ldltn] ljsf; k:| tfj thd'{ f tof/ u/L ;DalGwt lgsfo ufpkF flnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] sfofn{ odf k;] ug{'k5{ . d:ofb} f k:| tfjsf] dN\" ofª\\sgkZrft\\ :jLs[lt lbOG5 / ljsf; sfo{sf nflu cg'dlt k|bfg ul/G5 . :yfgLo :t/df ljsf; k|:tfj th{'df 9fr“ f != cfjZostf klxrfg -:yfgLo txdf ljljw cfjZostfx¿ x'g ;S5g,\\ h:t} M ljbo\\ fno ejg lgdf0{ f, af6f] lgdf0{ f, jg ;/+ If0f cflb_ @= ljsNksf] 5gf6] -cfjZostfsf] k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df sg' } Ps ljsNk 5gf6] ug{]_ #= k:| tfj tof/L -kl/ro, pb\\bZ] o, k|efljt Ifq] / kl/jf/ ;ªV\\ of, nfut, hg >dbfg, sfo{ ;~rfng :yn, ;?' ldlt / cjlw, ;f| ]t / ;fdfu|L, sfof{Gjog, sfof{GjogkZrft\\ kmfObf, pkefS] tf ;ldltsf] gfdfjnL, pk;x+ f/ cflb kIfx¿ pNnv] ul/Psf] k:| tfjsf] d:of}bf h;nfO{ gu/ kflnsf jf ufpFkflnsf sfof{nodf k;] ul/G5 ._ $= nufgLsf] ;f| t] sf] nv] fhfv] f M pkefS] tfaf6 p7g\\ ] /sd / :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 k|fKt xg' ] cg'dflgt ah6] %= ;dembf/L÷;Demft} f M :yfgLo pkef]Stf ;ldlt / :yfgLo lgsfo k|ltlglwlarsf] ;t{ ;lxtsf] ;Demf}tf x:tfIf/ / sfo{sf lgldTt :jLsl[ t kb| fg ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 31

Currriculum^= sfofG{ jog M lgdf{0f sfo{ ;~rfng Development Centre&= cgu' dg tyf dN\" ofªs\\ g M :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfn] sfdsf] lg/LIf0f, ku| lt cjnf]sg, ;t{ kfngf u/] gu/]sf] cg'udg / ;du| sfoj{ m| dsf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{, cfjZos lgbz{] g lbg] lng] cflb . :yfgLo ofh] gf th{'df k|ljm| of != ;DaGw :yfkgf M of]hgf lgdf{0f;uF ;DalGwt JolSt, :yfgLo pkef]Stf ;d\"x jf ;/fs] f/jfnf ;d\"xlar 5nkmn cGtljm|{ ofaf6 cgfk} rfl/s ;DaGw :yfkgf ul/G5 . @= cj:yf cWoog M ofh] gfaf6 k|efljt x'g] Ifq] jf ;dx\" sf] hLljsf]kfh{g, kf| s[lts ;f| t] Joj:yfkgnufotsf cj:yfsf] cWoog ul/G5 . #= ;d:ofsf] kf| yldsLs/0f M pkoS' t nfut, kl| tkmn, ;f| t] ;fwg, ;/fs] f/jfnfx¿sf] rf;f] / cledt tyf ;dfwfgsf] pkfo cflbnfO{ Wofg lbO{ ;d:ofsf] kf| yldstf lgwf/{ 0f ul/G5 . $= ;Demf}tf / s/f/ M of]hgfsf] ;d'bfo;uF sf] :jfldTj, ofu] bfg, ;fem]bf/L, pTt/bfloTj, sfo{ of]hgfnufot pNn]v u/L ;Demf}tf / s/f/ ul/G5 . %= clen]vLs/0f / k:| tl' t M of]hgf th{d' f k|ljm| of, pknlAwsf] cgd' fg, cgu' dg ;+oGqsf] ljsf; cflb pNn]v u/L sfoj{ m| dsf] clGtd :jLs[lt;dt] nfO{ ;dfjz] u/L ofh] gfsf] clen]vLs/0f ul/G5 . of]hgf sfofG{ jogsf r/0fx¿ -s_ gful/s en] f -v_ ;fd\"lxs -6f]n, j8fut_ ¿kdf cfjZostfsf] k:| t'lt;lxt ofh] gf ;ª\\sng -u_ ah]6 -3_ gu/kflnsf jf ufpFkflnsfdf cgd' f]bgsf nflu l;kmfl/; -ª_ pkefS] tf ;ldltsf] u7g -r_ ofh] gf sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;Demf}tf 32 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

-5_ ofh] gf ;DkGg ePkZrft\\ cfly{s Joj:yfkg / clenv] -h_ pkef]Stf ;ldltnfO{ wGojfb;lxt sfo{ ;DkGgsf] k|df0f kq kb| fg . lj|mofsnfk != ljbo\\ fno ejg k'gMlgdf{0f ;DaGwL ofh] gf th'{df 9frF f lgdf0{ f ug'{xf];\\ / sfofG{ jog;Ddsf] lj:tt[ ljj/0f nv] L ljbo\\ fnosf] ;\"rgf kf6Ldf 6f:F gx' f;] \\ . @= s] ljsf; k|:tfj lgdf{0flagf ljsf; sfo{ ;Dej 5 < o; ;DaGwdf sIffdf jStT[ j snf kl| tof]lutf ;~rfng ug'{xf];\\ . #= :yfgLo ljsf; sfo{df hgtfsf] ;xeflutf xF'bf / gx'bF fsf] kmfObf Pjd\\ a]kmfObfx¿sf] ;\"rL agfpg'xf;] \\ . $= sIffsf7] fdf gu/ jf j8f e]nfsf] clego k|:t't ugx'{ f];\\ / pSt en] faf6 ljsf; sfo{ ;~rfngsf lglDt pkefS] tf ;ldlt rog ugx'{ f;] \\ . s'g} Ps ljsf; cfof]hgf 5gf6] u/L ljsf; k|:tfj lgdf0{ f klg ug'{xf];\\ / sIffdf k:| t't ugx'{ f;] \\ . cEof; -s_ ljsf; k|:tfj th{'df eGgfn] tkfO{F s] a'em\\gx' G' 5 < -v_ …/fdf| ] / k|efjsf/L ljsf; k:| tfj th{'df cfof]hgfsf] cfwf sfo{ ;DkGg xg' ' xf] .Ú eGg] egfOdf tkfOF{sf] ;xdltsf ts{x¿ k;] ug'x{ f;] \\ . -u_ :yfgLo txdf ljsf; ofh] gf lgdf0{ f ubf{ ke| fljt If]qsf JolStx¿sf] ;xeflutf lsg cfjZos 5 < pNn]v ug'{xf;] \\ . ;fd'bflos sfo{ tkfO{Fsf] ;db' fodf ;~rflnt s'g} Ps cfofh] gfsf] cjnfs] g cWoog ugx'{ f];\\ . pSt cfofh] gfsf] of]hgf k:| tfj cWoog ug'x{ f];\\ . ;f]cg'¿k sfo{ ePsf] 5 jf 5}g d\"Nofªs\\ g u/L Ps ;dfrf/sf] gdg' f tof/ kfg{'xf];\\ . Currriculum Development Centre ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 33

PsfO xfdf| ;fdflhs d\"No dfGotf # kf7 M Ps xfdf| /fli6o« ;Dkbf Currriculum Development Centre xfdf| k\"j{haf6 kf| Kt dxTTjk0\" f{ tyf ;/+ If0f ofU] o :yfg, j:t', snf, ;:+ sl[ t / k|fs[lts kl/jz] xfdf| /fli6o« ;Dkbf x'g\\ . oL ;Dkbf xfdf| uxgf / lrgf/L klg xg' \\ . logn] bz] sf] klxrfg / uf/} j lbnfpg] sfd u5{g\\ . /fi6«sf] klxrfg lbg] /fHosf ;a} gful/ssf] d\"Nojfg\\ ;DklTtsf ¿kdf /fli6«o ;DkbfnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . o:tf ;Dkbfkl| t ;a} gful/ssf] ;dfg clwsf/ / st{Jo /x]sf] x'G5 . oL xfd|f kv' f{sf cfbz{, w/fx] /, pRr sflnu9L gdg' f, ;Eotf / k/Dk/fsf bo\\ f]ts x'g\\ . logLx¿sf] cfˆg} /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o klxrfg;dt] /x]sf] 5 . xfd|f dxTTjk\"0f{ ;DkbfdWo] sx] L ;Dkbfx¿ og' :] sf]sf] ljZj ;Dkbf ;\"rLdf ;d]t ;\"rLs[t ePsf 5g\\ . To;n} ] xfdf| ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;/+ If0f, ;j+ wg{ / kr| f/ k|;f/ ul/g'k5{ . ljZj ;Dkbf ;r\" Ldf ;\"rLst[ g]kfnsf ;Dkbfx¿ != :joDe\"gfy :tk\" M sf7df8fFd} f /xs] f] :joDe\"gfy :tk\" a'b\\wdfuLx{ ¿sf] Ps wflds{ :ynsf ¿kdf kl/lrt 5 . o; :tk\" sf] kl/;/df lxGb' d7 dlGb/x¿ klg /x]sf 5g\\ . wflds{ ;lxi0f'tfsf] pRrtd gd'gf oxfF b]Vg kfOG5 . o; :t\"k kl/;/df ab' w\\ / d~h'>L -;/:jtL_ sf 7n' f d\"lt{x¿ klg bV] g kfOG5 . :joDe\"gfy Ifq] nfO{ ;g\\ !(&( b]lv ljZj ;Dkbf ;r\" Ldf ;\"rLst[ ul/Psf] xf] . 34 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

Currriculum@= xgd' fg\\ 9fs] f b/af/ If]q M of] Ifq] df ;f+:s[lts Pjd\\ Pl] txfl;s dxTTjsf dlGb/ Pjd\\ Development Centreejgx¿ /x]sf 5g\\ . oxfF k|tfk dNnn] :yfkgf u/s] f] xgd' fgs\\ f] 7n' f] dl\" t{ /xs] f] 5 . b/af/ If]qsf] 9fs] d} f oxL dl\" t{ :yfkgf ul/Psf sf/0f o; kl/;/sf] gfd xgd' fg\\ 9fs] f /xg uPsf] xf] . gk] fnL jf:t'snfsf] pTs[i6 gdg' f /xs] f] o; Ifq] df xgd' fgs\\ f] d\"lt,{ j;Gtk'/ b/af/, tnh] ' dlGb/, ;ªu\\ x| fno, s'df/L 3/, sfi7d08k, 7n' f] 306f / gu/f, sfne/} jsf] d\"ltx{ ¿ /xs] f 5g\\ . lj=;+= @)&@ ;fndf cfPsf] e\"sDkaf6 oxfFsf clwsf+z ;Dkbfx¿df Iflt ku' ]sf] lyof] . o;nfO{ ;g\\ !((& b]lv ljZj ;Dkbf ;\"rLdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] xf] . #= nl' DagL M Pl;ofsf tf/f pkgfdn] lrlgg] zflGtsf cu|b\"t uft} d ab' \\wsf] hGdynf] nl' DagL gk] fnsf] ¿kGb]xLdf kb5{ . of] ljZje/sf ab' w\\ dfuL{x¿sf] kljq tLy{:yn xf] . oxfF ;df| 6\\ czfs] åf/f :yflkt czfs] :tDe, k'isl/0fL kf]v/L, dfofb]jL dlGb/ tyf ljleGg a'bw\\ ljxf/x¿ 5g\\ . oxfF ef/t, lrg, DofGdf/, hfkfg, leotgfd, blIf0f sf]l/of, yfONofG8, km| fG;, hd{gL cflb w]/} bz] x¿n] a'bw\\ ljxf/ lgdf0{ f u/]sf 5g\\ . oxfF a'bw\\ ;DaGwL k':tsfno, Dol' hod, cGji] f0f sG] b| cflb klg /x]sf 5g\\ . o;nfO{ ;g\\ !((& df ljZj ;Dkbf ;\"rLdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] xf] . $= kz'klt If]q M lxGb'x¿sf cf/fWo bj] tf kzk' ltgfysf] gfdaf6 kl/lrt o; If]qdf kz'kltgfysf] dlGb/nufot u'x\\oZ] j/L dlGb/, b]pkf6g, hojfu]Zj/L, uf}/L3f6, ufz} fnf, s'6'Daxfn, lkªu\\ nf:yfg, Zn]ifdfGts jg cflb 5g\\ . o:t} oxfF afudtL gbL, cfo{3f6, /fh/fh]Zj/L 3f6, ljb\\o'tLo zjbfx ux[ / jb[ w\\ f>d;dt] /x]sf 5g\\ . oxfF sl/a $(@ cf]6f ljleGg z}nLdf lgdf0{ f ePsf dlGb/, ;TTfn, RfT} o, bj] fno 5g\\ eg] nueu Ps xhf/ lzjlnªu\\ /x]sf 5g\\ . ;g\\ !(&( df o; Ifq] nfO{ ljZj ;Dkbf ;r\" Ldf ;\"rLst[ ul/Psf] xf] . %= lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h M (#@ ju{ ls=ld= If]qkmndf kml} nPsf] g]kfns} klxnf] o; /fli6o« lgs'~hdf ljZjdf b'ne{ dflgPsf] Ps l;ª\\u] u8F} f kfOG5 . dxTTjk\"0f{ ko6{ sLo :ynsf ¿kdf kl/lrt o; lgs~' hdf xfTtL, ufx] L, kf6]af3, ;fns, wg];, do\"/nufotsf hLjhGt' kfOG5g\\ . o; lgs'~hsf] j/k/ yf? hfltsf] a:tL /x]sf] 5 . ;g\\ !(*$ df of] lgs~' h ljZj ;Dkbf ;\"rLdf ;\"rLs[t ePsf] xf] . ^= ;u/dfyf /fli6«o lgs~' h M o; Ifq] df ljZjsf] ;jf{]Rr lzv/ ;u/dfyfnufot rf]o', NxfT] ;,] g'KT;], k'df/] L, cfdfbAnd cflb lxd lzv/x¿ 5g\\ . ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnfdf kg{] o; lgs'~hn] !!$* ju{ ls=ld= Ifq] kmn cfu] 6]sf] 5 . oxfF u/' f;F , wk' L, ef]hkq cflb jg:kltx¿ / s:t/' L, efn,' Gofp/L d;' f, lxpF lrtj' f, 8fFkm] cflb hLjhGtx' ¿ kfOG5g\\ . ;g\\ !(&( df of] lgs~' h ljZj ;Dkbf ;r\" Ldf ;\"rLs[t ePsf] xf] . &= af}b\\wgfy dxfr}To M sf7df8fdF} f /xs] f] ab' w\\ dfuLx{ ¿sf] kljq tLy{:ynsf ¿kdf afb} \\wgfy dxfrT} onfO{ lnOG5 . o; dxfrT} osf] lgdf{0f kfFrf}F ztfAbLdf ePsf] dflgG5 . o; Ifq] df ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 35

Currriculumk|z:t af}bw\\ ljxf/x¿ /x]sf 5g\\ . of] ;Dkbf wflds{ / ;f:+ sl[ ts ko{6gsf nflu lgs} Development Centrek|l;bw\\ 5 . ;g\\ !(&( df of] dxfr}To ljZj ;Dkbf ;r\" Ldf ;\"rLs[t ePsf] xf] . *= kf6g b/af/ Ifq] M dNnsfndf lgdf0{ f ePsf] of] b/af/ If]qdf ljleGg b/af/, d7 dlGb/ / ;Ttnx¿ /x]sf 5g\\ . nlntk/' lhNnfdf kg]{ o; If]qdf s[i0f dlGb/, eLd;]g dlGb/, ljZjgfy dlGb/, hutg\\ f/foo0f dlGb/, ofu] g/G] b| dNnsf] d\"lt,{ dxfaf}b\\w, sD' eZ] j/ dxfb]j, /ftf] dlR5Gb|gfy dlGb/nufot /xs] f 5g\\ . lj=;+ @)&@ ;fnsf] e\"sDkn] o; If]qsf w/] } ;Dkbfx¿df Iflt ku' s] f] lyof] . ;g\\ !(&( df of] b/af/ Ifq] ljZj ;Dkbf ;r\" Ldf ;\"rLst[ ePsf] xf] . (= eStk'/ b/af/ Ifq] M eStk'/sf] dNnsfnLg jf:t'snfsf] pTsi[ 6 gd'gfsf ¿kdf /xs] f krkGg em\\ofn] b/af/, Goftkf]n dlGb/, bTtfqosf] dlGb/, /fli6o« snf ;ªu\\ x| fno, l;bw\\ kfv] /L, :j0f{åf/ cflb ;Dkbfx¿ o; b/af/ Ifq] leq /x]sf 5g\\ . ;g\\ !(&( df of] b/af/ If]q ljZj ;Dkbf ;\"rLdf ;\"rLs[t ePsf] xf] . !)= rf“ug' f/fo0f dlGb/ M lnR5jLsfnLg /fhf dfgb]jsf kfnfdf lgdf{0f ePsf] o; dlGb/ Kofuf8] f zn} Ldf 5 . o; dlGb/ kl/;/df dfgbj] n] tfTsfnLg ;dodf :yfkgf u/s] f lznfnv] , 9'ª\\uf, sfi7 / wft'snfsf pTs[i6 gd'gfx¿ kfOG5g\\ . o; dlGb/ ljZj ;Dkbf ;r\" Ldf ;g\\ !(&( df ;r\" Ls[t ePsf] xf] . oLafx]s klg ljZj ;Dkbf ;\"rLdf ;r\" Ls[t x'g of]Uo ljljw ;Dkbfx¿ xfd|f] b]zdf 5g\\ . o:tf ;Dkbfx¿df d':tfªsf] nf]dfGyfª / d'lStgfy, alb{of /fli6o« lgs'~h, Ko7' fgsf] :ju{åf/L, /;j' fsf] uf;] fOsF 0' 8 / tfKn]hª' sf] kfyLe/f dlGb/ k5{g\\ . ;fy} hgsk'/sf] /fdhfgsL dlGb/, uf]/vf b/af/, kf]v/fsf] ljbo\\ jfl;gL / tfn jf/fxL, gjnk/f;Lsf] /fdu|fd, slknj:t'sf] ltnf/} fsf6] / nlntk/' sf] vfs] gf a:tL klg k|l;b\\w ;Dkbfx¿ x'g\\ . ;fvF s' f] aho| fl] ugL dlGb/ / a:tL, sLltk{ '/sf] kf| rLg a:tL, g'jfsf]6 b/af/ Ifq] , h'Dnfsf] l;Fhf pkTosf, bn} v] sf] el\" t{ dlGb/, u'NdLsf] /];'ªu\\ f Ifq] , tfg;]g, kgf}tL klg To:t} ;Dkbfs} gdg' f x'g\\ . oL ;Dkbfx¿sf] klxrfg, ;/+ If0f / ;+jw{gdf xfdL ;as} f] rf;f] / ;/fs] f/ /xg'k5{ . ljm| ofsnfk != ljZj ;Dkbf ;r\" Ldf ;\"rLst[ ;Dkbfx¿sf] lrq ;ªs\\ ng ug{'xf];\\ / To;sf Ps Ps cf6] f dxTTj pNn]v u/L sIffdf k|:tt' ug'x{ f];\\ . @= ljZj ;Dkbf ;r\" Ldf ;\"rLst[ ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;DaGwdf s'g} cvaf/ jf klqsfdf 5flkPsf nv] jf ;dfrf/ ;ªs\\ ng u/L ljbo\\ fnosf] an' l] 6g af8] { jf ;r\" gf kf6Ldf 6f:F gx' f;] \\ . #= ljZj ;Dkbf ;\"rLdf k/]sf :yfgx¿dWo] sg' d} f ed| 0f u/s] f] jf b]vs] f cfwf/df jf ;g' ]sf] cfwf/df jf k:' ts kq klqsf k9]sf cfwf/df Pp6f nv] tof/ kfgx'{ f];\\ . 36 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

$= ljZj ;Dkbf ;r\" Ldf ;r\" Lst[ x'g ofU] o sg' } ;Dkbfx¿ tkfO{Fsf] ;d'bfodf 5g\\ ls 5}gg\\ < 5g\\ eg] ;f] ;DkbfnfO{ ljZj ;Dkbf ;\"rLdf ;\"rLst[ ug'k{ gfs{ f sf/0fx¿ pNnv] ub}{ og' :] sf]sf g]kfn kd| v' nfO{ nV] g] lr7Lsf] gd'gf tof/ kfg'x{ f;] \\ . %= ljZj ;Dkbf ;\"rLdf /x]sf ;Dkbfx¿ lgwf{l/t dfkb08af6 v:sbF f] cj:yfdf 5g\\ . es\" Dkn] sltko ;Dkbfx¿sf] cl:tTj g} ;ªs\\ 6df kg{ ;Sg] vt/fx¿ klg 5g\\ . o:tf] cj:yfaf6 oL ;Dkbfx¿nfO{ ;+/If0f / k'gM:yfkgf ug{ s] s:tf pkfox¿ cjnDag ug{ ;lsPnf < ;d\"xdf 5nkmn u/L nV] gx' f];\\ . cEof; -s_ ;Dkbf egs] f] s] xf] < -v_ /fli6o« ;Dkbfsf] ;/+ If0fdf ljb\\ofyL{ / ;db' fosf] sg' sg' e\"ldsf x'g ;S5 < ;r\" L tof/ kfg{x' f;] \\ . -u_ eStk/' b/af/ Ifq] sf ljz]iftfx¿ pNn]v ug'{xf;] \\ . -3_ nl' DagL If]qdf ljleGg b]zn] ljxf/ lgdf{0f lsg u/s] f xf]nfg\\ < ts{ k|:t't ug{'xf;] \\ . ;fdb' flos sfo{ cfˆg} ;d'bfodf cjl:yt s'g} Ps ;f+:sl[ ts, wflds{ jf Pl] txfl;s ;Dkbf /x]sf] :yfgsf] e|d0f ug{x' f;] \\ . To;sf af/d] f lgDgfg';f/sf ab'F fx¿df cfwfl/t /xL kl| tj]bg tof/ kfgx'{ f];\\ M -s_ ;Dkbfsf] gfd / :yfg -v_ ;Dkbf Ifq] df /xs] f j:t'x¿ -u_ ag]sf] ldlt -3_ ;Dkbfsf] cj:yf -ª_ ;Dkbfsf] dxTTj -r_ ;+/If0fsf pkfox¿ Currriculum Development Centre ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 37

kf7 M b'O{ gk] fnsf nfs] uLt Currriculumg]kfn ;f:+ s[lts ;Dkbfdf wgL d'ns' xf] . oxfF ljleGg :yfg / ;Gbe{df k:| t't xg' ] nf]suLtx¿n] Development Centregk] fnL klxrfg / :jfledfgnfO{ prF f] agfPsf 5g\\ . xfdf| le/kfvf, kx/f, eGHofª, rf}tf/L, db} fgL u/f Pjd\\ cfnLdf d]nfkj{ tyf pT;jdf ufOg] nf]suLtsf] cfˆg} dxTTj / ;fGbles{ tf 5 . xfdf| oL hLjGt ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;/+ If0f, ;j+ w{g / kr| f/ k;| f/ ug{ ;s] xfd|f] klxrfg bl/nf] aGg ;S5 . xfdf| cf:yfsf w/fx] /x¿ prF f aGg ;S5g\\ . ltxf/df v]lng] bp] ;L en} f], b;}sF f] dfn>L] wg' , /fk] fOdf ufOg] c;f/] efsf jf pwF f}nL peF f}nLdf ufOg] ;fs]nf l;nL cflb nf]suLtdf xfd|f df}lnskg / gk] fnL ljlzi6tf emNsG5g\\ . lnDax' ¿sf] kfnd xf];\\ jf zk] fx{ ¿sf] :ofa|' jf tfdfªx¿sf] ;]nf,] du/sf] sf}/f / k\"j{lt/ ufOg] xfSkf/] g} lsg gxf;] \\ xfdL nf]suLtdf wgL 5fF} . ;'b\"/ klZrdsf] b]p8f, t/fOs{ f] xf]/L jf dl} ynL uLt, yf?sf] ;lsofk}of, sf7df8fFs} f] gj] f/L uLt, tLh uLt cflbnfO{ xfdf| ] plTts} cfb/ / ;Ddfg 5 . gk] fnL x'gs' f] uf}/j / cfTd ;Gtl' i6 xfdLn] log} uLtx¿df kfpF5fF} . lxhfc] fh log} nf]s lutx¿n] Jofj;flos ¿k klg lng yfns] f 5g\\ . oxfF sx] L gk] fnL nf]s uLtsf gd'gfx¿ k|:tt' ul/Psf 5g\\ M -s_ tfdfª ;]nf] M of] g]kfnsf] dWo dxf8L Ifq] vf;u/L afudtL c~rnsf ljleGg lhNnfdf kml} nP/ a;fa] f; ug]{ tfdfª hfltn] ufpg] nf]s uLt xf] . 3fs] L{ :ofp/L Uofnd/L u]ªn\\ f 6j' |mf ;fk|/L u]ª\\ 6j' m| ftf :ofp/L ;] 9O' s] nfhL Rofuf] -v_ ka' {]nL nf]s uLt M of] gk] fnsf] kj\" L{ eu] df dn] fkft 3fF;, bfp/f ubf{ ufOg] nf]s uLt xf] . lxdrn' Lsf] lxpsF f] kfgL ufu] gkftn] lkpFnf xh/' olt /fd|f] 9Ns] hfj] g ltdLnfO{ g} lbpFnf xh/' -u_ xf]/L uLt M of] gk] fnsf] kj\" L{ t/fOsf] ldlynf If]qdf eujfg /fd / ;Ltfsf] rl/qnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ xf]nLsf cj;/df ufOg] uLt xf] . ldlynfd] /fd vn] t xf]/L ldlynfd] . lsgsf s] xfy sgs lkrsf/L lsgsf s] xfy caL/ emf]/L ldlynfd=] ================= /fdhLs] xfy sgs lkrsf/L 38 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

;LofhLs] xfy caL/ emf/] L ldlynfd] ldlynfd] /fd============ -3_ tLh uLt M of] g]kfndf lxGb' gf/Lx¿n] lth kj{sf cj;/df ufpg] uLt xf] . tLhsf] a]nfdf ;a} hfG5g\\ dfOt cfˆgf] dfOtL d'Unfg kf/L 5g} ;fOt of] /dfOnf] an] fdf hfg k¥of] dn] fdf d} 5f/] Lsf] cfF;' v:of] b}nf 7n] fdf Currriculum Development Centre-ª_ b]p8f uLt M of] g]kfnsf] ;b' /\" klZrd Ifq] df ljleGg rf8jf8 tyf kjs{ f a]nfdf ufOg] nf]s uLt xf] . /fO{ em'df emd' f Sof d:Sof ls 5g\\ xf], /fO{ emd' f -rf}aGbL 9fsfsf] rfn] f,] l56s\\ f] kml/ofsL_@ kftnL 3/ sxfF xf] tD/f] a}; el/ofsL d t /fO{ em'df, emd' f Sof d:Sof ls 5 xf], /fO{ emd' f -r_ kfnd uLt M of] gk] fnsf] kj\" L{ kxf8sf lnDa' hfltn] ufpg] nfs] uLt xf] . l;ª3fcf] yª' j\\ ] sSdf kmfu ldG5fª\\ug] cfgL ofDdL ;fu OS;fu]g vfDa]s cfwf]v]Nn] lySgfDbft ;f/s cfaf]vN] n] lj|mofsnfk != tkfOs{F f] ;d'bfodf ljleGg ;do / cj;/df ufOg] uLtx¿ ;ªs\\ ng ug'{xf];\\ . tL uLt sg' 7fpdF f s'g cj;/df ufOG5g\\ < s'g hflt, wd{ jf kj{ ljz]if;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\\ < ;f];dt] kTtf nufO{ sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\\ . @= tkfOFn{ fO{ dg kg{] sg' } Ps nf]suLt sIffdf k|:tt' ug{'xf;] \\ . #= …nfs] uLt xfd|f] dfl} ns klxrfg xf]Ú eGg] zLifs{ df ;+jfb tof/ kfg'x{ f];\\ . cEof; -s_ tfdfª ;]nf] uLt s:tf] uLt xf] < -v_ b]p8f uLtsf] 5f6] f] kl/ro lbg'xf;] \\ . -u_ tkfO{Fn] hfgs] f] jf ;fw] vf]h u/L ;ª\\sng u/]sf] xf]/L uLtsf rf/ x/kmsf] Ps cg'R5]b n]Vg'xf];\\ . ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 39

kf7 M ltg gk] fnL nfs] afhf Currriculum Development Centre nfs] afhf xfd|f klxrfg x'g\\ . ljleGg nfs] uLt ufpg] jm| ddf nfs] afhf klg ;uF ;Fu} ahfpg] k|rng 5 . ljleGg ;do, ;Gbe{ / uLtsf] no Pjd\\ efsfcg';f/ ahfOg] afhfx¿df ljljwtf /xG5 . s]xL kr| lnt nfs] afhfx¿sf] 5f6] f] kl/ro oxfF k|:tt' ul/Psf] 5 M dfbn M dfbn g]kfnL ;dfhdf k|rlnt / nf]slKfo| nf]safhf xf] . of] afhf du/ hfltaf6 k|rngdf NofOPsf] lyof] . t/ clxn] gk] fnsf w]/} hfltx¿df of] nfs] lk|o afhfsf ¿kdf k|rngdf 5 . of] afhf sf7sf] 9'ªu\\ f| df bO' k{ 6l\\ 6 5fnfn] df]/]/ agfOPsf] xG' 5 . of] afhf sDd/df le/]/ b'j} xftn] ahfOg] ul/G5 . dfbndf v/L nufPsf] efunfO{ d}bfg elgG5 . dfbnsf] tgf s:g] 3/] fnfO{ dy/f / dfbn leg{] tgfnfO{ h'Og] elgG5 . dfbn agfpg vdf/Lsf] sf7 k|of]u ul/G5 . ;f/ªu\\ L M of] uGwj{ hfltsf] k/Dk/fut afhf xf] . lv/f{sf] sf7af6 agfOg] o; afhfdf rf/ cf6] f tf/x¿ x'G5g\\ . ;f/ªu\\ Lsf] tNnf] efudf uh jf wgn' ] /]6/] / dflyNnf] efudf cfn}F fn] :kz{ u//] ljleGg :j/ jf w'gx¿ lgsflnG5 . af;“ '/L÷d'/nL M d'vn] km's]/ ahfOg] afF;/' L / cf]7n] Rofk]/ ahfOg] d'/nL afhf d'/nL af;F df ;;fgf Kjfn kf//] agfOG5 . oL afhf b]zsf ljleGg efux¿df k|rlnt 5g\\ . oL afhfnfO{ dWo ;Ktssf] :j/df ahfOG5 . 40 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

CurrriculumcGo nfs] afhf / ltgsf ljzi] ftf Development Centre g/l;ªu\\ f M of] kGra} fhf dWos] f] Ps afhf xf] . of] tfdfaf6 tof/ kfl/Psf] nfdf,] 7'nf] / 3d' s] f] xG' 5 . o;nfO{ ahfpg d'vdf /fv]/ hf]8n] km'Sg'k5{ . ;xgfO{ M of] lkTtnn] ags] f] Psflt/ ;'s]sf] / csfl]{ t/ kms' ]sf] kGr}afhf dWos] f] Ps afhf xf] . o;nfO{ dv' n] kms' ]/ cf}Fnfsf ;xfotfn] ahfOG5 . emo\\ fnL÷emo\\ fD6f÷emd' f{ M sf;F af6 agfOg] kGra} fhfdWos] f] o; afhfnfO{ xftn] 7f]s/] ahfOG5 . of] afhfdf bO' { cf]6f Kn6] cfsf/sf efunfO{ 8f]/Ln] afwF /] hw' fP/ ahfOG5 . 9f]ns M of] afhf dfbn h:t} sf7sf 7'nf] 9ª' \\u|fn] fO{ 5fnfn] df/] ]/ agfOPsf] xG' 5 . dfbneGbf o;sf] cfjfh wfq] f] x'G5 . o;nfO{ tfnafhfsf ¿kdf lrlgG5 . sfxfn afhf M of] afhf bO' { xft hlt nfdf] tfdfsf] kftnf] kftfaf6 agfOPsf] x'G5 . o;nfO{ km's]/ ahfpbF f 7n' f] cfjfh cfp5F . uf]/vfsf] uf]/vsfnL dlGb/ / gj' fsf]6sf] e/} jL dlGb/df of] afhf ahfOG5 . bdfxf÷gu/f M tfdf jf lkTtnsf] kftfaf6 cw{ ufn] fsf/ cfs[lt agfO{ dflyNnf] efudf 5fnfn] df]/]/ agfOPsf] of] afhf kGr}afhf dWo]sf] Ps afhf xf] . Psftkma{ f6 sf7sf] nf/} f] k|ofu] u/L ahfOg] o;sf] cfjfh wfq] f] xG' 5 . 6o\\ fDsf] M of] bdfxfeGbf ;fgf] cfsf/sf] kGra} fhf dWos] f] Ps afhf xf] . of] afhf Psftkma{ f6 bO' { cf]6f uhfn] xfg]/ ahfOG5 . o;sf] cfjfh bdfxfeGbf dw'/f] x'G5 . vh“} 8L M wflds{ cj;/df k|ofu] ul/g] of] afhf ehg ufpbF f tfn lbg ko| f]u ul/G5 . of] afhf bf/ -u]7L_ sf] sf7nfO{ 7s] Lsf] d'v h:tf] agfO{ ;'g ufx] f/] f] jf /t'jf du[ sf] 5fnfn] df/] ]/ agfOPsf] xG' 5 . o;nfO{ Ps xftn] ;dfO{ csf{] xftsf cfnF} f jf k~hfn] lxsf{P/ ahfOG5 . ku'“ L M gl/jnsf] u6\\6fdf afF; hf]8]/ agfOPsf] of] afhf t/fO{ If]qdf ;k{ grfpgn] ] ahfp5F g\\ . d/' nL h:t} dv' n] km's/] cfF}nf rfNb} ahfOg] o; afhfaf6 lgs} 7'nf] cfjfh lg:sG5 . 6ª' g\\ f M u/' fF;sf] sf7df ;f/ª\\uL h:t} rf/ cf]6f tf/ hf8] /] agfOPsf] of] afhf lxdfnL If]qsf] nfs] lk|o afhf xf] . o;nfO{ e8] fsf] 5fnf df]//] tof/ kfl/G5 . onDa/ M efna' f;F df b'O{ cf6] f tf/h:t} af;F sf l;Gsf hf]8/] agfOPsf] of] afhf ls/ftLx¿df k|rlnt 5 . ky| d ls/ftL /fhf onDa/sf gfdaf6 o;sf] gfds/0f ePsf] xf] . Pstf/] M 8f8' cfsf/sf] sf7df 5fnfn] df]/]/ Pp6f dfq tf/ s;]/ agfOPsf] xG' 5 . of] afhf ;Gt / hf]uLx¿n] ko| f]u u5{g\\ . o;nfO{ gª / cf}Fnfsf] rfnn] ahfOG5 . pgL{ M of] afhf gl/jnsf] u6\\6fdf 5fnfn] df]/L tf/ hf]8]/ agfOG5 . kj\" L{ t/fOs{ f lwdfn hfltdf of] afhf k|Voft 5 . s'n bj] tfsf] kh\" f tyf wflds{ cgi' 7fgdf of] afhf ahfOG5 . 9o\\ fªu\\ |f] M of] wfdL emfFj|mLx¿n] la/fdLsf] emf/km's ubf{ jf pkrf/ ubf{ k|of]u ug{] tflGqs afhf xf] . uf]nf] sf7df 5fnfn] df/] /] agfOPsf] of] afhf tfdfª / zk] f{ hfltn] cfˆgf ;f+:sl[ ts ;+:sf/df ko| f]u u5{g\\ . ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 41

Currriculumx'8\\sf] M 8d? h:tf] bl] vg] t/ 8d?eGbf 7n' f] cfsf/sf] of] afhf gk] fnsf] ;'b\"/ klZrdL Ifq] df Development CentreahfOG5 . x8' \\sf] ahfpg]nfO{ x'8s\\ ] elgG5 . vKt8 dn] fdf o;sf] ljzi] f k|of]u x'G5 . lagfof] M /ftf] lgufnf] jf dflnª\\uf] afF;af6 agfOg] o; afhf ls/ft ;db' fodf a9L k|rlnt 5 . o;nfO{ cfFn} fn] Rofk/] dv' n] kms' ]/ ahfOG5 . dr' '{ª\\uf M kmnfdsf] ;fgf] tf/ jf 6j' m| faf6 agfOPsf] dv' df /fv/] ahfOg] of] afhfsf] :j/ lagfof]sf] h:t} x'G5 . 8Dkm' M vhF} 8L h:t} bl] vg] of] afhf Psftkm{ 5fnfn] df]/]sf] / csft{] km{ vfnL xG' 5 . of] afhf tfdfª hfltsf] ax' kr| lnt k/Dk/fut afhf xf] . o;nfO{ Ps xftn] ;dfO{ csf]{ xftsf cfFn} f jf k~hfn] lxsfP{ / ahfOG5 . d;s M ;f/ª\\uL h:t} bl] vg] of] afhf ;b' /\" klZrdL Ifq] sf] aemfªdf k|rlnt afhf xf] . 8kmnL M of] Psftkm{ 5fnfn] df/] /] s6x/sf] sf7df agfOPsf] afhf xf] . of] afhf klZrd / dWo klZrdsf] t/fO{df kr| lnt afhf xf] . kmf:d'Sm M lnDa' hfltdf kr| lnt o; afhfdf ltg cf]6f afF;sf] 6j' |mf ldnfP/ agfOPsf] xG' 5 . 8fªd\\ ]g M of] z]kf{ ;d'bfodf kr| lnt afhf xf] . of] sf7 / cf7 cf6] f tf/af6 ag]sf] xG' 5 . sfs'jog M x]bf{ afF;/' L h:t} b]lvg] of] afhf g]jf/L Hofk' ;d'bfodf a9L kr| lnt 5 . of] af;F af6 agfOPsf] xG' 5 . cf/afhf] M of] uGwj{ hfltsf] k/Dk/fut afhf xf] . cf/afhf]sf] lz/df dfgj cfs[lt x'G5 h;nfO{ pgLx¿ cflbu?' sf ¿kdf ;Ddfg u5{g\\ . of] wflds{ tyf u?' afhf klg xf] . cf/afhf]nfO{ efn] afhf dflgG5 eg] ;f/ªu\\ LnfO{ kf]yL afhf dflgG5 . kª' M of] afhf uf?] jf eF;} Lsf] l;ª\\uaf6 agfOPsf] x'G5 . o;sf] rR' rf]k6l\\ 6sf] ;fgf] Kjfnaf6 kms' /] cfjfh lgsflnG5 . of] afhf /fO{ hfltdf a9L nf]slko| 5 . 8Ssf/L M sf7df 5 cf6] f tf/ hf]8/] agfOPsf of] afhf ldlynf If]qdf kr| lnt 5 . On'ª{ lkk/L M km's]/ ahfOg] of] afhf s';G' 8f hfltdf kr| lnt 5 . z[ª\\uLgfb M si[ 0f;f/sf] l;ªu\\ af6 ags] f] of] afhf ;GGof;Lx¿n] sflts{ dªl\\ ;/lt/ 3/3/df km/] L nufpg ko| f]u u5{g\\ . ljm| ofsnfk != tkfOsF f] ;d'bfodf ahfOg] nfs] afhfx¿sf] ;r\" L tof/ ug'x{ f;] \\ . tL afhf slxn] / s'g hfltn] ahfp5F g\\ < kTtf nufO{ sIffdf k|:tt' ug{'xf];\\ . @= kf7df plNnlvt afhfx¿nfO{ lgDgfg';f/sf] tflnsfdf k:| tt' ug{x' f;] \\ M 42 ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !)

xftsf wg'n] cfF}nf cf}Fnf 7fs] /] ÷ 5fnfn] 5fnfn] cf}nF fn] /6] ]/ rfnL grfnL lxsf{P/ ahfOg] df/] Lsfv/L df]/L v/L :kz{ ahfOg] kms' ]/ km's]/ afhfx¿ nufOPsf gnufOPsf u/]/ tf/ ahfOg] ahfOg] afhfx¿ afhfx¿ ahfOg] afhfx¿ afhfx¿ afhfx¿ afhf Currriculum Development Centre #= gk] fnL kGra} fhfsf] gfd n]vL k|To]ssf] lrq;d]t ;ªs\\ ng u/L ltgnfO{ rf6{ kk] /df 6f;F ]/ sIffdf k:| tt' ugx{' f];\\ . $= xfdf| sltko nfs] afhfx¿ nfk] eO/xs] f 5g\\ eg] sltko nfs] afhfx¿ nf]k x'g] cj:yfdf 5g\\ . nf]kfG] d'v afhfsf] ;/+ If0fsf nflu s] ugk{' nf{ < ;dx\" df 5nkmn u/L sIffdf k|:t't ug{x' f];\\ . %= tkfOs{F f] ;d'bfodf Psflt/ 8d« ;]6;lxtsf] kkuLt / csft{] km{ nfs] afhf;lxt nfs] uLtsf] ;f+:s[lts sfo{j|md ;~rfng eO/xs] f] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf tkfOF{ s'g ;f:+ s[lts sfo{j|mddf ;xefuL xg' x' 'G5 / lsg < ^= ;x/L If]qdf sd} dfq k|ofu] xg' ] kGra} fhfn] la:tf/} ;x/L Ifq] df;dt] :yfg kfpFb} hfgn[' fO{ tkfOF{ s] eGgx' G' 5 < cfˆgf ljrf/x¿ k|:tt' ug{'xf];\\ . &= …xfd|f nf]safhf, xfdf| klxrfgÚ eGg] zLifs{ df Ps ;DkfbsLo tof/ kfg'{xf];\\ . cEof; -s_ nf]safhf eg]sf] s] xf] < pbfx/0f;lxt kl/ro lbg'xf;] \\ . -v_ dfbnsf] 5f]6f] kl/ro lbgx' f];\\ . -u_ 8Dkm' sg' hfltn] k|ofu] ug]{ nf]safhf xf] < -3_ cf/afhf] s:tf] afhf xf] < -ª_ tkfOn{F fO{ dgkg{] nfs] afhfsf] lrq agfO{ sIffdf k|:t't ug'x{ f];\\ . ;fd'bflos sfo{ tkfOsF{ f] ;d'bfodf nfs] afhfsf] ko| fu] sf] cj:yf s] 5 < ;/+ If0f sfo{ s;/L eO/xs] f] 5 < o;sf] cj:yf klxrfgsf nflu ;fW] g ;lsg] kZ| gfjnL tof/ ugx{' f;] \\ . :yfgLo ;db' fodf nfs] afhfsf] ko| f]udf hfgsf/ JolStnfO{ ;fw] L k|fKt hjfkm / cfˆgf] cg'ejnfO{;d]t ;d]6L Ps kl| tjb] g tof/ kfgx'{ f];\\ . ;fdflhs cWoog, sIff !) 43