Multi-Level-Eng-Gra2

@ Complete these sentences with WHICH, WHERE or nothing (-). Use (-) if possible. (Notice that you can always use 'that' in place of \"which\".) 1 Today this is all ... ... we have time for. 2 The thing ..\"... interested me most was her fluency. 3 That is the hotel ..... we are staylng. 4 The UNO is the organisation ... ... tries to keep peace in the world. 5 The car ...... I like best is the Renault. 6 Salzburg is the town ...... Mozart was born. 7 Tennis is the game ...... he plays most. B \"This is .... .. I live.\" 9 The most flexible company is the one . ..... will do best. Joining and Cornpleting Sentences @ Now join these pairs of sentences together. Do not use relative pronouns. 1 That's the magazine. FIe's been looking for the rnagazine. 2 You should use words. You are familiar with words. 3 i;; ;.;;r; ;;\"il, ;;; ;;;i'il i ;;il ;; ;;wh: 4 The house is on the corner of the street. I live in the house. s i;.;.;;il ;;. ;,;;'.;;i; iri\"; ;i;;;;i. @ Now you have to complete each sentence. Do not use relative pronouns. 1 This is the town 2 The job .... is very hard. 3 -We need to take care of the house 4 Peter was the only man 5 I spoke to the woman 6 The orchestra . ... is the best in Europe. 7 Did you like the young man .. .......... ? @ Now join these pairs of sentences together, Use WHO/-HAT, WHICH/I-HAT, WHERE or (-). 1 This is the universiry. I studied. 2 The first person will get the prize. The person gives the right answer. 3 il; ;;-;; ;';;;; ;;;h. ;;;;.; iil;,,i.a, *\";;; 4 The shop sells postcards. I am looking for a shop. s ir,r,l,rr. r,\"'pl,ri. i iia ;; ;.;t;t;;. 6 Coke is a drink. You can buy Coke anywhere. 7 i;. ;t'i r, i;; H;;, ;;t\"; ;; -;;;; \" *;;i 8 I want to see a film. A film has a hrppy ending.

A rnan wea ring/ calledloutside (relative clauses - 3) Look at the picture below, and study the th ree phrases. A man wearing a blaeh coat and hat l{$il, A man called laa nouich I A man outside my house O Now complete these four sentences with an appropriate form of a word from the box, 1 Look, there's a man ...... on the sofa. 2 The woman ... ... the kitchen wants to talk to you. cry tn 3 There's a car ...... in front of my house. park sit 4 Can you hear a baby ...... ? USE Here are three differen-t ways of giving more information. Each way is similar to a relative clause, but part of the relative clause is absent. A -We often use the -irg form alone, without the other words: I met a man wearing a black coat and hat. (I met a man who was wearing a black coat and hat.) We often use the -irg form to give more information about what someone or something is (or was) doing: There's a man sitting in the corner. Is there anybody waiting to see Dr Smith? There's a door leading to the bathroom. B We often use the -ed form alone, without the other words: I met a man called Ivanovich. (I met a man who was called Ivanovich.) 'We use the -ed form to say what was done (the meaning is passive): The cars rnade in Japan were the best (The cars which were rnade . . .) The child hurt in the car crash soon recovered. (The child who was hurt . . .) C We often use the prepositional phrase alone, without the other words: I met a man on the same Plane as me. (I met a man who was on the same plane as me.) There was a dog in the back seat of the car. (There was a dog which was i, . . .) Good English? @ Three of the underlined phrases in these sentences are correct and three are wrong. Tick (/) the correct ones, and rewrite the others. 1 Three men in a flat usually make a mess of it. 2 The money stealing from the bank was never recovered. 3 The man seen running away was probably the criminal. 4 I saw a man walking down the road. 5 The woman was under the tree was my slster. 6 There was a young girl sat on a charr. 148

SorneoneCorning... @ Put an -ing clause in the first sentence, using the information from the second sentence. 1 I can hear someone. Someone is shouting outside in the street. 2 I've got a brother. He works for British Airways. 3 i i\".f..a round ,rrd ,r* ,\"-.U\"a, Somebody *r, follo*irr* ;.. 4 Yesterday I received a letter. The letter invited me to an o1d friendt wedding. 5Ae1\";1-o:o,l'.,orh1r1an..::,,.o.;.:*;\".yfoodsul,uJ,. SotneoneCalled... @ Put an -ed clause in the first sentence, using the information from the second sentence. 1 We supply video recorders. The video recorders are made inJapan. 2 This bookseller sells books. The books are printed in other languages. 3 rrrt ,riglrt r # rn old i,rtrr, fii-. rfr. m- *rr .rri.a ':ur.r.t. Thievesl'. 4 'When I got home I saw a car. The car was parked in my drive,uvay. 5 The two boys founa , .rrr, ,.glr,.r. I; ;r, ;;.i;\" r.o.,. , .r.r.by;;;rrr;r; Sorneone In the . . . @ put one (or two) prepositional phrases in the first sentence, using the information from the second sentence. 1 The rescue services give help to peopie. The people are in danger\" 2 The man asked the boy to help him. The man was on the roof and the boy was in the garden. 3 ffr.r.t a shop *h... ,or'.rn buy a t r--.. ,\"a ,afr. in. ,fr\"p i, ,.;.r; ,fr. ,,r*, 4 The man is taller than the girl. The man is at the front, the girl is behind him. 5 Th. t*o do:;\"r; **. air.,rrrirrg, pr,t.rr,. irr., *.re in the *rra. Mixed Bug @ lnsert an -ing clause, an -ed clause or a prepositional clause into each of the following sentences, using the information given in brackets. 1 The house is being repaired (it was damaged in the storm) 2 'W'ait! I can see a cat! (it's under your car) 3 r -.ria rr.r. r, ,tr.- u.ll! (it rang trrtr,.r,iry 4 There was a rnan. (he stood there and looked at me) 5 Th. ;;y n^ u.., returned. (ro-.body ;;\"i; t, r\"* *..t .ra) 149

Review: sentences - | ln Units 66 -74, we presented the following items: Mick is taller (than Jill). She's the thinnest girl I know. She arrived earlier than usual today. Dracula was more frightening than Frankenstein. Brian was the most excited of all of us. The weather isn't as bad as it was yesterday. as soon as you can faster and faster the sooner the better hope for the best look nice get cold go bad become rich The man who/that came to dinner . . . The things that/which are wrong with this company . , . Some people (who/that) I met in Greece . . . The things (thatlwhich) I'll never forget . . . That's the church where they have lunchtime concerts. I met a man wearing a black coat and hat. I met a man called lvanovich. I met a man on the same plane as me. Cornparisons o Complete each sentence with the comparative, superlative, or \"AS... AS...\" form of an adjective from the box. comfortable pretty intelligent silly 1. That chair is rather hard. Sit here; you'Il be ... ..... the other girls, but she's 2 Sally is clever, but she's short and plump. Shet not. girl in the class. 3 \"You're crazy! That's ...... thing I've ever heard!\" interesting her. 4 This is ...... book I've read this year. 5 Mary is very smal1 for her age. She is .... .. the other girls, and they are all 6 Have you had ...... cake ...... you want? @ Write in the possible ways of filling eac.h blank. There are either one, two or three possibilities in each case. The five possible forms are WHO, WHICH, THAT, WHERE or nothing (-). 1 The man . ..... I spoke to was smoking a cigar. 2 South Korea is the country ...... has grown most in the two years. 3 This is the town ...... I spent my youth. 4 I need to see the people ..... . are waiting. 5 I am very pleased with the flat ..... I have rented. 6 The man ...... came to see you last week is here again. 7 The company ...... produces most will employ most people. 8 This is the place ...... we arranged to meet. 9 The woman ... ... you interviewed yesterday is the best person for the job. 150

Expressions o Complete each sentence with an expression from the box. I did their best as good as new go bad I the sooner the better faster and faster 1 \"'When should we eat ... until he crashed. . , and a month later the car was if you leave it.\" 2 He drove 3 The mechanics The 'Week's Filrns: the Critics' Choice @ Look at this chart, then complete the sentences below with comparative and superlative forms of G00D and BAD. *'*(** The Day of Judgement Key * = AWFUL (poor) **** DesertWind ** = BEARABLE (fair) The Golden Eagle ******* . The Missing Link *:k * The Roman Tragedy = G00D (excellent) = UNMISSABLE 1 The Day ofJudgement is .... .. The Missing Link, but it's ...... Desert'Wind. 2 Desert\\Yind is .... .. The Day ofJudgement, but it's ...... The Golden Eagle. 4 The Missing Link is awful. Itt .. .... film of the week. It's even ...... The Day of Judgement, and that's bad enough! ...... The Missing Link. 5 A Roman Tiagedy is .... .. The Day ofJudgement, and it's much YET, STILL OT ALREADY? @ Answer each question three times, in the same way as the examples, using YET, STILL or ALREADY. /\"4t\"1 .. .:Examples; Has he finished the work? No', h.k-w't41/'',1L1f4'. . ..:.. fu*:4-. . Has Fred finished dressing? No, I think Has Dennis done the Yes, washing up? No, I think Yes, Have the boys finished playing No, Monopoly? I think Yes, Describing People and Things @ You have to complete each sentence with a word from the box. IiL with standing 1 The radios ...... in Japan are the best. iI wearing made 2 There's a man ...... a pile of papers waiting for you outside. l 3 I saw a girl ...... a pair of beautiful red shoes. 4 The people .... .. under the awning won't get wet. 151

uuE Questions (questions and answers - 1) 76 USE \"YES/NO\" QUESTIONS -We make questions by putting auxiliary the verb before the subject: He has done it. Has he done it? You can do it. Can you do it? If there is no auxiliary, we use DO, DOES or DID: She likes the theatre. Does she like the theatre? She went to the cinema. Did she go to the cinema? \"'\\x/'FI-\" QUESTIONS and then put the auxiliary We make questions with a question word (usually starting with verb before the subject: Vhat did you have? 'We had a ptzza. I can see Mary. Also: 'Who can you see? FIe arrive d at 6 arn. Vhen did you arrive? .WHAT C OLOUK / SIZE / TIME -We use 'WHAT with a noun to ask some questlons: Vhat colour is your new skirt? Vhat size shoes do you take, madam? (or: What is your size?) What tirne are you leaving? (or: At what time are you leaving?) -WHAT and WHICH -We use VHAT if the question can have almost any answer: Vhat is your name? (could be any name) -We use VHICH if the question can only have one of two or three answers: There are three names here: Sue, Leonora and Fran. \\ffhich is your name? HOW OLD/TALL/BIG ,We often make questions with HO.W' and an adjective: How big is your flat? It's got one bedroom. F HOW MANY/MUCH -We use these words to ask questions about COUNTABLE and UNCOUNTABLE items: How many sisters have your got? Two. How rnuch milk is there? Theret plenfy. 'We often use HOW' MUCH to ask about the price of something: How rnuch are the tomatoes? 80p a pound. G HO\\V OFTEN -We use HO.W' OFTEN to ask about thefrequency of events: How often do you play football? Twice a week. H HO\\Vand-WHAf...LIKE -We use .W'HAT . . . LII(E to ask for descriptions of people, places etc. Vhat is John like? Het talll clever/friendly etc. 752

Good English? o Two of the underlined parts of these sentences are correct and three are wrong. Tick (/) the correct ones, and rewrite the others. I Who is your wife? Very well, thank you. 2 'What is she like? She's shorr and lively. 3 FIow many )rears is Fred? Het thirteen. 4 How much time have you got? 5 How much people came to the parry? About 20 or so. SorneoneCorning... @ Complete each question with the right word from the box. Use each word once. 1 .. .... are you doing? I'm puttlng on my coat. 2 ...... are you going? -fo see someone. 3 ...... are you going to see? My girlfriend. when where why 4 ...... are you going to see her? Because I like her! what who how 5 ...... are you coming back? About 11, I think. 6 ...... are you going to get there? By bus. Mixed Bug @ Complete each question with the right word or phrase from the box. Use each phrase once. 1 .. pn.will the game start? At 2.30 jt.----. ho* often how old 2 iI... do they play? Every Saturday afternoon. what colour what time i what . . . like hOw big i 3 ... is the pitch? It's22 yards. L---\"-- --- ii 4 5 .... clothes do the players wear? They wear white. 6 .... is the game? Oh, it's hundreds of years old. .... is the game ...... ?'We11, it's slow, but the English like it! @ Complete each of these sentences with HOW MUCH or HOW MANY. 1 ... ...... elephants did you see in the safari park? About three. 2 .... time have we got? About half an hour. 3 . is this coat? It's d45, sir. 4 ... times must I tell you not to do that? OK, OK. Anna and the Prince @ Read these passages, and then complete the questions below. A Many yedrs ago, there was a beautiful princess called Anna. She was born in Park, and she liued in a palace - with a biggarden. Anna was '1B years old, 1m 70 tall, had longblonde hair, and she went riding euery day. 1 .. ....? Anna 2 .......? Beautifulandintelligent 3 ....; .......? Paris 4 .......? Apalace 5 .......? 18 6 .......? lrn7O 7 .......? Blonde g .......? Everyday B One day, she went out riding. She felt maruellous in her red coat. Suddenly, she saw a handsome young man on a white horse, and shefollowed him. Princesses dre sometimes uery silly. 1.. ....? Marvellous 2 .......? Aredcoat 3 .......? Ayoungman 4 .......? Handsome 5 .......? Shefollowedhim 6 .......? Sitly 153

Yes, I have He did So/Neither atn I (questions and answers - 2) When we respond to a question or a statement, we often give a \"short\" answer. ln this unit we study three kinds of answers. Most of them use these auxiliary verbs: am rs are was were do does did can could may might have has had wilt would shall should USE A ANSWERS TO \"YES/NO\" QUESTIONS (see also Untt76) All \"yes/no\" questions start with an auxiliary verb. 1 Sometimes we answer \"yes\": Did Susan arrive on time? Yes, she did. Will you be here? Yes, I will. 2 Sometimes we answer \"no\": Did Susan arrive on time? No, she didn't. -Will you be here? No, I won't. etc. B ANSWERS TO \"'WTfO\" QUESTIONS The answers to \"'W'ho\" questions are often like this: 'Who is coming with me? I arn' 'Who will help me with this? Fred will. C AGREEING 'We can agree with afiirmative or negative statements, like this: I can sing. So can I. I don't play the piano. Neither do I. D GIVING AN OPINION: I THINK SO/I HOPE NOT 'W.henwe answer a\"yes/no\" question, we sometimes want to give an answerwhich is not exactly YES or NO. 1 \"Close to YES\" 'W.ill Fred pass his exam? I hope so (- I want this to happen). Is Dennis coming home early? I think so (: I believe this will happen). I expect so (- I think so). 2 \"Close to NO\" Do you think Robert will be late? I hope not (= I don't want this to happen). Will Victoria go out before breakfast? I don't think so. 3 \"Close to SORRY\" Have the shops closed? l'rn afraid so. Are the shops open? l'rn afraid not. @ Four of the underlined parts of these sentences are correct and four are wrong. Tick (/) the correct ones, and rewrite the others. 1 Have you telephoned Sue yet? No. I didn't. 2 Can you do this for me? Yes. I can. 3 Is it six o'clock yet? I think so. 4 I enjoyed that very much. Neither did I. 5 Do you want to see this film? Yes. I want. 6 -Will you have to work all night? I don't hope so! 7 WillJohn accept the post? I'm afraid not. 8 She'll be here tomorrow. So willJohn. 154

Answering YES,/NO Questions @ Here are eight questions. Answer them, using an auxiliary verb. 1 Can Peter help us tomorrow? Yes, ............................ . 2 Did they get here on time? No, ............................ . 3 Has the car come back? Yes, 4 Does he come here every day? Yes, ............................ . 5 Are Fred and Carol ready to go yet? No, ............................ . 6 Was the weather nice in Wales? No, ............................ . 7 Should I post the letters today? Yes, ............................ . 8Ifyouhadthemoney,wouldyougotoParis?Yes,............................! An3wering \"VT{-\" Questions @ Answer these questions briefly, using an auxiliary verb. 1 Who was 6rst home this evening? Dennis ............... 2 Who left all their books on the table? Carol ................. 3 Who is ready for supper? We ...................................... ! 4 Who is going to cook the supper? Mum ................. 5 Who can lay the table? I ........................ 6 Who will do the washing up afterwards? Fred ................... Agreeing @ Now you have to agree with these statements, as in the examples. Make sure you use the right auxiliary verb. So ....!/\".1.............. Examples Jane loves musicals comedies. Peter didnt go to the party. Neither...l#.[-....... 1 I'll go again romorrow. ............................. I. 2 Peter didn't like the show. 3 I'm having a good rest this weekend. ............................. Jane. 4 Fred must study harder. ............................. we. 5 I dont like peanut butter. ............................. Tim. ............................. I. 6 He won't speak to her after what happened. ............................. I. 7 We prefer classical music to pop. 8 I have seen that film already. ............................. we. ............................. I. Close To *YES,/NO/SORRY\" @ Read the question, then answer using a word in the box. think hope expect be afraid 1 .Will Carol get here in time for the show? (probably) 2 Can rve book a table for tonight please? (sorry) 3 This bus looks rather old; will it crash? (we don't want that) 4 'Will Fred be able to carry that huge rucksack? (doubtful) 5 Will I need an operation, doctor? (sorry, yes) . 6 'Will everyone we invited come tonight? (doubtful) 7 Will Robert pass his accountancy exam? (we want him to) 155

Didn't she? Are you? (Questions and answers - 3) Study this text and the two examples in the USE box. USE -We use QUESTION TAGS to confirm something about which we are not sure. Imagine, for example, that your friend said he was coming to see you, but it's getting late and he doesn't arrive. You think there has been a mistake. You phone his house, and you say: Robert, you are coming round, aren't you? You did say 6 o'clock, didn't you? FORM ! A -With auxiliary verbs in affirmative sentences, we form question tags like this: She is waiting for us, isn't she? He can do it, can't he? B 'With auxiliary verbs in negative sentences, we form question tags like this: He hasn't done it, has he? They didn't eat that, did they? C 'When there is no auxiliary verb in an affrrrnative sentence, we form question tags like this: 1 Present tense She likes you, doesn't she? 2 Past tense You saw him, didn't you? D The subject of the tag is always a pronoun: Sue is coming, isn't she? That tree is very tall, isn't it? E -We use question tags for two slightly different purposes. They are always written in the same way, but can be pronounced in two difterent ways. Some writers distinguish them by using a question mark with one and a ful1 stop - or even an exclamation mark - with the other. First purpose This is pronounced with a RISE at the end, like a question. We are doubtful about something, and we want you to confirm it: You are coming, aren't you? (The speaker thinks you may be coming, but she is not sure; she wants confirmation.) Second purpose This is pronounced with a FALL at the end, like a statement. 'We have an opinion about something, and would like to knou'yours: This is a superb view, isn't it! (The speaker has a strong opinion, and wants to share it with you and find out yours.) i _I __l Good English? O Three of the underlined parts of these sentences are correct and three are wrong. Tick (/) the correct ones, and rewrite the others. 4 Marv is comins tonisht. is he? J9 1 You're coming tonight, isn't it? 2 'W'e're having a great time, aren't we! 5 Simon didn't like the film, did he? 3 That was a good throw, wasn't it! 6 They liked me, aren't they? 156

Packing For a Trip @ Dennis and Victoria are going away on holiday together. They are checking before they leave. Complete each sentence with a suitable question tag. Victoria You collected the tickets, ............ ? -We've got the passports, ............ ? You'l1 lock up the back door, ............ ? You told the police we're going away, ............ ? Dennis You've packed my bathing costume, .... ........ ? You picked up my suit from the laundry, ... ......... ? We bought some extra toothpaste, .... ........ ? You told the newspaper boy, ............ ? lr'ictoria You can carry the suitcases downstairs, ............ ? 'We can't catch a bus to the station, ...\"........ ? You'll phone for a cab, . ........... ? -We haven't forgotten anything, .... ........ ? Dennis You won't leave the front door open, ............ ? You gave Robert the hotel's phone number, ............ ? You didn't leave your handbag upstairs, ............ ? -We're going to enjoy ourselves ...... ? Mixed Bug @ Now complete these dialogues with suitable question tags. You may want to say them aloud, and discuss different ways of saying them. 1 That was a wonderful dinner, Yes, you always eat well atJane's. 2 -We need to leave at 9 to be there at 11. Do you think so? It doesn't take two hours to get to Brightofl, .. 3 I always enjoy watching Helen play tennis Yes, shet a wonderful player, ....... 4 Oh dear, I'm so busy today. But you'll get my letters ryped, 5 I really enjoyed our trip to Paris. Yes, we had a wonderful time, 6 J-Wohenll,wI'mill be here, not sure. He keeps changing his mind. Staternent Or Question? @ Finally, you have to read these sentences, add a question tag, and say in your opinion whether they should have a question mark at the end or not. You will need to practise saying them aloud. Some of them can be said in two different ways, with slightly different meanings. Which do you think they are? 1 It's a lovely day today, 2 You're enjoying the concert, ... 3 She won't miss the train, 4 He's tall for his age, . 5 That was an exciting race, . 6 He won't buy a new car now ....... 7 He did well in his test, 157

If you Bo, I'll go (conditional - 1) Look at the picture, and study the dialogue below. ) \"Are you scared?\" 'Yes!\" *\"AOreItyoifuygoouinjug *topj,umI'lpl?i\"ump.\" c<aIC7 S!,tt \"Ooooeeeeaaaahhhh!!!!\" O Now complete each sentence with a verb in brackets, in the present or future tense. 1 If I finish in time, I ..... . (g\") with you. 2 If you ...... (not, drive) faster, we'll be late. 3 If Peter ...... (phone) me, I'11 tell him the news. 4 If you hurry up, I (wait) for You. -We use this form when there is a real possibiliry of the event happening; itt not imaginary. Flere, we show three ways of saying this: 1 Future: If you go, I'11 go. (definite) You can also say: If you go, I may go. (possible) If you go, I can go. (permission) If you go, I must go. (obligation) 2 General (always true): If you heat water to 100\"C, it boils. 3 Imperative (telling people what to do): If the door is locked, ring the bell. Wb can say all these sentences in reverse: 1 I'11 go if you go. 2 'Water boils if you heat it to 100\"C. 3 Ring the bell if the door is locked. Good English? @ Look at the parts underlined in these sentences. Seven of the parts are correct and three are wrong. Tick (/) the correct ones, and rewrite the others. 1 If you will knosk on the door, they will let you in. 2 I will explain if you listen carefully. 3 If he comes, I talk to him.. 4 If I am tired, I usually go to bed. 5 Come and see me if vou will have tirne. 158

General Tiuths @ Now complete these sentences with the present tense of an appropriate verb from the box. rncrease 1 If I get a headache, I usually ...... a couple of aspirins. 2 A person's pulse rate generally . ..... if they take strenuous exerclxe 3 If people ...... dirry water they usually fall i11. 4 Children ...... cold easily if you don't wrap them up well rn wrnter. Cornrnands @ Now you have to complete these sentences using the imperative or the present tense. 1 .. .... up if the President speaks to you. iI wait show stand 2 If the red light switch off the machine. I rise 3 Stay in bed if your temperature . I I 4 If I'm late, . ..... for me. Real Possibilities @ You have to complete these sentences with the appropriate form of a verb from the box. Use WILL, MAY, CAN or MUST. 1 If you eat less, you . ..... weight. 2 You . . .... with me if you want to. 3 If you want to get rid of that cough, you ...... smoking! 4 IfJohn goes, I ..... too, but I'm not sure. Mixed Bug @ Complete each sentence with the correct forms of the verbs given in brackets. Use WILL, MAY CAN or MUST if necessary. 1 If you want a ticket for the concert, you. ..... (g.t) one today 2 ...... (you, promise) to do the work if I .. .... (help) you? 3 ...... (wait) here if you ...... (want) to see the President. 4 If you ...... (not, be) wel1, you . . .. (g\") to the doctor. 5 Students ...... (learn) fast if the teacher ..\". . (b.) competent. 6 If you ...... (follow) the instructions, you ...... (not, get) 1ost. 7 If you ...... (d\") your homework now, you . ..... (watch) TV later. 8 If I ... ... (have) time I ...... (phone) you this evening, but I'm not sure. 9 You . ..... (hear) all about our plans if you ...... (attend) the meeting. 10 If you ...... (read) the manual, you . ..... (understand) how the computer works. Completions @ Finally, you have to complete the second half of each sentence, using the word in brackets - and your imagination! 1 If the plane is cancelled, .. .... (bus). 2 The sea freezes if .... .. (belorn, -5\"C) 3 I shall be very annoyed if .... .. (late) 4 Fred, if you get lost in the store, ...... (assistant) 5 -We'11 never get to Leeds if .... .. (car) 6 If you say that again, ...... ! (scream) 7 If Susan likes him ....... (marry) B Arrest those men if ...... ! (trouble) 159

If you went, I would go (conditionals - 2) Look at the picture, and study the dialogue below. IFONLY...! If I had the chance, (If pigs had wings, I would be a great dancer. they would fly.) O Now complete these sentences in the same way, with the verbs given in brackets. 1 If Dennis ...... (take) more exercise, he would lose a bit of weight. 2 I would be a great pianist if I ... ... (practise) eight hours a day. 3 If you asked Sue, she ...... (give) yo, a good reference. 4 Fred ...... (plry) for his school team if he were a better football player. USE A -We use this structure for imaginary events. The verbs are in the past tense (or \"would\") because the events are imaginary, not because they take place in the past. The time is usually the lmagrnary present: If I were you, I wouldn't do that. (This is imaginary; I'rn not you.) IfJohn came to work early, we wouldn't have this problem. (This is imaginary;he doesn't come early.) B -We can say the sentences in reverse: I wouldn't do that if I were you. 'We wouldn't have this problem ifJohn came to work early. C 'We say If I were you, not: X If I was you IfIwereyou... If you were . . . Ifhe/shewere...etc.

@ Complete each sentence with the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1 This soup 2 If you (taste) better if it had more salt in it. (speak) to the waiter more politely, he would be quicker. 3 Ifshe really tried, she .............. (easily, pass) the exarn. 4 Ifyou (see) her now, you would hardly recognise her. 5 I .............. (go) for a swim if the weather were a little warmer. 6 Do you thinl< he would lend me d10 if I .............. (ask) him nicely? 7 Ifhe dressed better, the manager ............,. (think) better ofhim. 8 I would write to them ifl (have) their addres. Carol's Dreams Carol has a happy hJe, but sometimes she dreams oJ the things she would do if she could. @ Fill in the verbs given in the sentences below, as in the example. Example: -lf I ...!!14..... (be) taller, I .....!'!.4U.4f1*..... Gpply) for a job as a model.\" 1 2 *\"Ilf I .............. (have) more spare time, I .............. (take) French classes.\" more of an effort.\" .............. (get) a good result irr my final examinarion if L............. (make) 3 *\"Ilf I .............. (play) the piano for an hour every day, I .............. (oon, be) a good player.\" 4 go) away a car.\" .............. (sometimes, for the weekend if I (have) 5 \"lf L............. (have) more money, I .............. (go) to a Greek island for a week.\" Cwendoline is a mess. Bwt shefeels she could do better, and be happier, if she only got organised! @ Using the information given, write out complete sentences as in the example. Example: get up earlier / have time for exercises in the morning. .&, nfu,.l..U.! .frL *l:. ! y,n*U /a,n |yy Ip. 1 .1411yn11 .b.U*. . 1 catch an earlier bus / get to work in good time. 2 get to work in good time / not have arguments with the boss 3 take a short lunch break / keep up to date with the work ; i;;;;;;.;;;iJ, /;;;;\";. i;;;;;; 5 learn how to use the computer / not delete files by accident ; il;; i. ,r,. u.;;l i;;;i;;; i ;;;;;;; ;;;;#;; Cwendoline is also worried ab;owt her priuate life. She wishes she could change some of her habits. @ Using the information given, write out complete sentences. 1 go to bed earlier / feel fresher in the morning 2 do exercises in the morntng / feel a lot healthier 3 not eat so many biscuits / lose some weight \":\"\"\"' 4 not drink so much coffee / not feel so nervous 5 drink more water / look better 6 eat more green vegetables / have a better skin 161

If/Unless/As long as (conditionals - 3) Read these dialogues and think about them. He I'll pay the mortgage tomoruow if you lihe! mortgage if We're broke. You would pey the She What with? we had any money, but we hauen't! He We'll go to Greece in July if you want to! She We'll go to Greece as long as you'ae got a job- He What? She I said: we won't go to Greece unless you'ae got a job!! USE A You can compare two kinds of conditional sentence: 1 The real sittation: I'll go to the cinema with you if you want to go. (This will really happen if . . .) 2 The imaginary situation: I would go with her if she wanted to go, but she doesn't' (This is imaginary; Lt probably won't happen.) Flere are some more examples: If I have dl.Oleft at the end of the week, ['ll buy a pullover in the market. (This is a real possibiliry.) I'll post the letters tonight if I finish them. (He'11 probably finish them.) If I had d20,000,I would buy a house for my parents. (This is imaginary; she hasn't got d20,000.) I would post the letters tonight if I had any stamps. (This is imaginary; he hasn't got any stamps.) B AS LONG AS, IF ANd UNLESS 1 AS LONG AS is more emPhatic than IF: I'11 help you if you like. I'11 only help you as long as you promise to be quiet! 2 AS LONG AS = not . . . unless Look at these pairs of sentences; they mean approximately the same. I'11 go with you as long as you change your clothes = I won't go with you unless you change your clothes. I'11 do it as long as you ask me nicely : I won't do it unless you ask me nicely. Good English? O Fourteen words or phrases are underlined in these sentences. Ten of them are correct and four of them are wrong. Tick (/) the correct ones, and rewrite the others. 1 l'm leaving now unless you want me to stay. 2 You'Il be all right as long as you drove carefully. 3 I would see him if I can. 4 The tea would taste better if it would be hotter. 5 I won't so if vou want me to.

Dauid is 16 years old, and he thinks he can do anything. His mother is more realistic! @ Complete David's statements with an appropriate form of the verb in brackets. 1 I . ..... (pmr) the exam if I study! 2 I'11 be a guitarist in a rock band if I .. .. (practise) every day! 3 If I ...... (win) the lottery, I'11 go to Mexico! 4 L............. (d\") a paper round if I get up early! 5 If I get a job, L..... (earn) a lot of money! 6 If I earn a lot of money, I ..... . (b\"y) a motor bike. 7 I ...... (become) a racing driver if I buy a motor bike. o Now you have to write his mother's opinion on each of David's statements. The first one has been done for you. 1, He un^^!.\"[p*u.il\" e.e/;t+h 4 k 4LrJ;nl, l,^,1/.\" bo*'L. won't practise. won't win. 2 Ja doesn't. won't get ajob. 4 but he won't. 5 but I hope he won't. 6 7 @ You have to complete each sentence with UNLESS or AS L0NG AS. 1 You cert't go out .... you tidy up your room. 2 OK, I'll lend you dl} ...... you promise to pay it back absolutely no later than next Monday. 3 \"Carol, you can borrow rrry cer you drive very careful7y,\" said Dennis. 4 You are not allowed to park here . .... you are a member of the staff. 5 \"I'm leaving .... you want me to stay.\" 6 \"You can go out .... you're back by six at the latest, Fred.\" 7 You can't smoke here .. you open a window. @ Complete these sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets, and lF, UNLESS or AS LONG AS. 1 It would be easier to read your writing .... you ... (write) in ink. 2 you want to inspect this house for sa1e, I .............. (have to) get permission from the owner. 3 ..... I ... (g\") now I shall miss my trarn. 4 ..... you ...... (follow) the instructions you wouldn't have these problems. 5 The dog .. (not bite) you ...... you move. 6 ... I weren't so busy I ...... (go) to the shops with you. 7 Robert says it's a long journey, but he will come .............. he can stay the night. 8 I ..... . (keep) out of his way ...... I were you; he's in a bad temper. 9 If you ..... (g\") to the doctor he would give you something to take for it. 10 You .. .... (never,get) better you go to the doctor. 1,1, Carol will get you some cash .. ... she ...... (g\") to the bank. 1,2 He'l1 never get in . he ... .. (have) a ticket. 163

And But So Before After 'When (Linkers - 1) This unit is about the way we join sentences together with LINKERS: USE A AND -We use AND to join words: Crime and Punishment bread and butter two shirts, a pullover and a jacket 'We do not use a comma when we join two wolds with AND: X John, and Mary -We also use AND to join sentences: Fred went home and watched TV Fred went home, and Carol spent the evening with him- B BUT 'We use BUT to join sentences when the second sentence is a contrast with the first: Fred went home to watch television, but the TV was broken. Carol wanted a coke but there wasn't any in the fridge. CSO 'We use SO to join sentences when the second sentence is a consequence of the first: It was raining > She opened her umbrella. It was raining, so she opened her umbrella. > She walked out of the cinema. She didn't like the film She didn't like the film, so she walked out of the cinema. D BEFORE/AFTER -We can use these words as prepositions: after lunch before six o'ciock after the meetlng 'We can also use them to join two sentences: He had a shower ) He had breakfas He had a shower before he had breakfast. He had breakfast after he had a shower. E \\VHEN -We use WHEN to join two sentences in time. The two actions may happen at about the same time, or at two difGrent times: 1 'W.hen the time of the two sentences is (more or less) the same, we use the same tense for both: I arrived (at 6 am). He left (at 6 am). 'When I arrived he left. 2 'When the time of the two sentences is different, we use different tenses: I arrived (at 6 am). He left (at 5.30). 'When I arrived he had (already) left. (See also Punctuation, Unit 84.) Good English? O Two of the underlined linkers in these sentences make good sense, but two of them do not. Tick (/) the ones that make sense, and rewrite the others. ....... 1 \"I'11 see you 14hc! you get back. Robert.\" ....... 2 Victoria gave Fred an ice-cream 24{ he didn't like rt. ....... 3 Fred cleaned his teeth after he had breakfast. ....... 4 Robert was tired, lgg he went to bed. 164

Fred, Carol and the Jurnping Frog @ You have to complete these sentences, using each word in the box ONCE. and and so when Fred likes animals. One d^y, . ..... he was walking home from school, Fred found a frog ...... took it home. He didn't know where to put it, ... ... he put it in the washbasin in the bathroom. He knew Carol would come home about six, . ..... he wanted to scare her. and and so so so after but into Carolt bedroom. It jumped onto the rvindow sill, ...... it couldn't get out, ..... it jumped onto the bed ...... hid under the pi1low. The frog was tired it went to sleep. and and after before but Carol came home at six o'clock, ...... went into the bathroom to wash her hands ...... they had supper. Fred listened at the door, ...... he didn't hear anything. ...... Carol left the bathroom, Fred went in .... .. saw that the window was open. \"Oh, he's jumped out of the window,\" said Fred to himself. \"'What a pity!\" and but after when so They all sat down for supper, and ...... they were having supper, Robert came home. ...... they finished eating, Carol felt tired ..... she went upstairs to bed. Caroi pulled out her nightgown from under her pillow; the frog woke up ... ... jumped onto the floor. ...... Carol wasn't scared; she liked frogs. and and when so after Carol guessed that Fred had put the frog there, ...... she took the frog ...... put it in Fredt bed. . .... half an hour, Fred went up to bed. . ..... he pulled back the sheet, the frog jumped up ... ... landed on Fred's face. and when so 6 Fred screamed; Robert thought he was hurt, ...... he ran into Fredt bedroom ....... he saw the frog on the floor he laughed..... . said: \"Fred! You're not scared of a little frog, are you?\" @ Join these sentences with the words given in the box, making any changes necessary (the last one has three sentences). There are some alternatives, but try to use each word once. Sam asked Carol to meet him outside the college at 6 but and after so but pm. She agreed. c;;;i ;;i;; ri;; 6 ;; o id: S;- Jia\"'f ;;;i* 3 Sam arrived. She had left. 4 Sam asked her again. She was annoyed with him. She refused. 165

As soon as Vhile Since Until (Linkers - 2) Look at these pictures of people saying something. Who is saying what? O Put the correct number in the box for each picture. 1 Would you like some coffee u:hile you wait? 2 Stay there until I come back. 3 I'ue been sitting here since 4 o'clock! @ Now you have to complete these sentences using a word from the since while until as soon as 1 He's been waiting ...... lunchtime. 2 -We can leave ...... the taxl comes. 3 I listen to mttsic ..... I work. 4 Can you wait for me .. .... I return? USE A SINCE -We use SINCE when we refer to the beginning of a period of time which starts at a time in the past (yesterday,last week, 4 o'clock, 1.991) and finishes now- Compare: I have lived here since 1992 (and I iive here now). I lived here from 1991, to 1,992 (and now I live somewhere else). Because the period of time is from past to present, we usually use the present perfect tense with SINCE: I have been driving a car since 1987. (Not: X I drive a car since 1987.) B UNTIL 'We use UNTIL to refer to the end of a period of time. You could say it is the \"opposite\" of SINCE: It is 5 o'clock now. He has been here since 4 P^. He will be here until 6.1,5. C AS SOON AS -We use AS SOON AS when we want to describe one event starting immediately after another: They ran out of the house as soon as they heard the explosion. (immediately) D \\VHILE -We use-WHILE to describe fwo events happening at the same time: She washed the car while John cleaned the windorvs. \"I'11 make some phone calls while you get dressed.\"

Good English? @ Two of the underlined parts of these sentences are correct and two are wrong. Tick (/) the correct ones, and rewrite the others. 1 \"I'11 wait here while ).ou come.\" 2 Fred can clear the table while ).ou wash the dishes. 3 He is living here since December. 4 Let's get away on holiday as soon as we can. 1 There have been a lot of changes you left. 2 I was alone here ..... Mason arrived. 3 We have had trouble with the house ... we bought it. 4 'We'11 wait for you . ... 8 o'clock. 5 They stayed in the cafe . ..... the rain stopped. 6 The house has been much happier ...... my mother came back. 7 Fred had to wait at his friendt house ..... his father came to pick him up. 8 They've been sitting here .... .. I came in! 9 Food has been short .... the war began. 10 They talked quietly to each other the concert started. @ Now you 1. Can you help me with this . ..... you're waiting? 2 I'11 see you ..... I'm free. 3 He crept out of the room ...... his morher felI asleep. 4 I'11 phone you . I arrive. 5 I read two chapters of this novel .............. I was waiting for the train. 6 You can do this job for me .. ..,. you're on holiday! 7 They took offtheir wet clothes .... .. they got into the house. 8 Finish this work .............. you can. 9 They worked together on the house: he painted the ceilings ...... she washed the floors. 10 Robert got his driving licence ... he reached his seventeenth birthday. 1,1, I'll sit in the waiting room ..... you're seeing the doctor. 1,2 It was a cold night, and Carol got home she could. Would you like a drink A . the bell rurrg. The children ran out of the classroom ....... They stayed in Southern Italy B . the weather got warmer. They have been friends C . you wait? D . they were ten years old. B 1, Let's wait here . A...hefinishedit. 2 Dennis has loved Victoria J He handed in the report B . . . Victoria laid the table. 4 Dennis cooked the supper ..... C... myfatherarrives. D . . . the first day he met her. \"167

Punctuation and capital letters USE A We use CAPITAL LETTERS with these words: 1 Names of people and their titles, towns, countrles etc: Ms Jones Paris India 2 Names of languages and nationalittes, both nouns and adjectiues: She's French. That's a French car. He speaks French. 3 Days and months (but not seasons): Tuesday Thursday Sunday March July December (But: spring, summer, autumn, winter) 4 Names of shops, companies, famous buildings etc: Harrods Woolworths Kelloggs Panasonic The British Museum 5 Titles of films, books, newspapers, rnagazines, chapters etc: Gone W* The Wind The New York Times 6 Street, road, avenue etc., if it is part of the name: Oxford Street Camden Road B -We use PUNCTUATION to help people unCerstand what we write. It helps to show where one phrase or sentence ends and the next one begins. 1 The two most important items are COMMAS (,) and FULL STOPS (.). 'We use COMMAS to separate a phrase from the rest of the sentence: You can ieave your bag here, but don't be 1ong. -We use FULL STOPS to separate sentences: The suitcases are all ready and packed. I think we should leave now. I waited for an hour, but no one came. I didn't know what to do. 2 Here are the other main punctuation marks. MARK. 'We QUESTION you? 'What's always use this at the end of a question: How are your name? He's nice, isn't he? APOSTROPHE.-We use this when we want to show ownership (see also Unit 64): This is John's. A girls' school. 'We use these to show that somebody is speaking: QUOTATION MARKS (quotes). \"Excuse me,\" he said. \"'What's the time, please?\" COLON. -We use this to introduce a list: The boat leaves on the following days: Mondays, Tuesdays and Thursdays. SEMI-COLON. 'We use this to join two sentences which are closely connected (it's almost like a full stop). -We went to the station together; we were very interested in continuing the conversation. EXCLAMAIION MARK. 'We use this for something surprising: Look at that! My goodness! Be careful! BRACKETS. 'We use these for information which is not really part of the sentence: Last month flune) u'e went away for a week. 168

e Put in the capital letters needed in these short passages. A 1 robert and carol went to the cinema last thursday. 2 it was spring, and it was a lovely day. 3 they went to see a film called jurassic park. B 1 summer courses for foreign students run for four weeks in july and august, starting on mondays. 2 french and spanish students prefer july, and there are more korean and japanese students in august. 3 they usually visit the tower of london or buckingham palace. 4 the course finishes on a sunday afternoon. 5 the director is dr dean, and the director of studies is ms susan bletchley @ Look at these punctuation marks. What are their names? Put the correct letter under each one. r) a a) exclamation mark r) semi-colon b) quotation marks s) question mark c) brackets (USA: parentheses) h) comma d) full stop (USA: period) e) colon i) apostrophe @ Complete each sentence with capital letters where necessary, and the punctuation given. There may be some differences of opinion! 1 we went to greece for a week which was very nice but it rained! (TWO COMMAS) 2 i enjoyed meeting peter and sue very much peter was very nice and she tried to be helpful. (ONE FULL STOP, ONE COMMA) 3 Carol was on time for once she's always late so we started to play unfortunately I lost every game. (BRACKETS, ONE FULL STOB TWO COMMAS) 4 we wondered if you were coming did you get our message. (ONE SEMI-COLON, ONE QUESTION MARK) @ Now you have to complete these passages with appropriate punctuation and capital letters. Some parts are spoken, one phrase can go in brackets, and there are some lists (use a colon). There are several alternatives, and probably some differences of opinion! 1 robert and carol went to the shops and they bought a lot of items robert bought two shirts and a pair of shoes and carol bought a sweater a blouse and a necklace they got home quite late 2 the last time that i saw robert was early july he still had long hair when are you going to the hairdressers i asked him don't you like it he said well not much i replied then he asked me for the name of a hairdresser and i gave him the name of one my own i hope he goes 3 john and i were walking down oxford street when a stranger came up and spoke to us excuse me he said can you tell me where I can buy some film for my camera john and I looked at each other im not sure I said perhaps you could try in selfridges no i dont think they sell film there said john look theres a camera shop over there ori the other side of the street'why dont you try there the stranger thaqked us and walked across the street

Spelling ln this unit we will help you with some of the problems of English spelling. BEFORE FINAL -S W'e use -S for fwo reasons: J to make words plural 2 for verbs with HE/SHE: he makes, she goes etc. These spelling rules are the same for both. 1 Most nouns and verbs simply add an -s: cat cats coke cokes dog dogs mile miles coat coats bake bakes head heads time times 2 Words ending in sibilants add -es: gas gases box boxes catch catches sandwich sandwiches 3 Words ending in a vowel + y simply add an -s: d^y days say says (but: said) way ways pay pays (but: paid) Words ending in a consonant + y, change to -1es fly flies country countries 4 Words ending in -f or -fe usually change to -ves: wife wives knife knives scarf scarves leaf leaves shelf shelves thief thieves Note: some words do NOT change: chief chiefs roof roofs safe safes For other irregular plurals, see Unit 60. For spelling of 's or s', see LInit 64. B1E'FWOitRhEm-oEsDt w, o-IrNdsG, ,si-mEpRly and -EST add the ending: walk -ed walk -ing old -er o1d -est 2 'With words ending in -e, drop the -e: believe believed believing fine finer finest 3 'With words like these, with short vowels, double the final consonant: fat fatter fattest sit sitting drop dropped Note: dinner (rhymes with \"thinner\") = food diner (rhymes with \"miner\") : aL eating place (or a person who is dining) SHEPHERD, SHIP, SHEEP and SHAPE: pronunciation and spelling of /e/, /r/, /t:/ and /er/ /e/ canbe speltwith \"e\" (set, met, bet) , or\"ea\" (bread), or \"ie\" (friend) or\"a1\" (said) or even aaa ,, (/ any/\\ /i/ tsusuallyspeltwith\"i\" (sit,bit).Butnotice thttasilent\"e\" attheendchangesthe pronunciation to /ar/: sit (but: site) mill (but: mile) bit (but: bite) fil1 (but: file) /i:/ can be spelt with \"ee\" (sheep, feet) or \"ea\" (seat, meat) or \"ie\" (field, piece) /er/ canbe speltwith \"a\" (date, cake, Cambridge) or \"ay\" (way, pay) or \"ea\" (break) CAT, CUT, COT and CAUGHT: pronunciation and spelling of /ie/, /t/, /o/ and /o:/ /ae/ is usua\\ spelt \"a\" (cat, bad, sand, Saturday) /tt/ canbe spelt \"u\" (sun, Sunday, funny) or \"o\" (son, Monday, month, love) or \"o11\" (country, enough) /o/ canbe spelt \"o\" (cot, pot, doll, knowledge) orsometimes \"ott\" (cough) /o:/ canbe spelt \"ou\" (bought, brought) or\"a:u\" (caught) or\"a\" (talk, chalk)

O Make all nouns and pronouns plural in these sentences, making all other necessary changes. 1, A baby doesn't eat a sandwich! (2 plurals) 2 r;;il;;il;;;;;;;;;; (3 plurals) Ja T-,h\"e\"'d;\"e\"n't:i\"st\" examined the child's tooth. (3 plurals) 4 He kept the fly in a box. (3 plurals) 5 The man comes from a different countrv. (2 plurals) .............. (4 plurals) (4 plurals) 6 There was a safe in the office and the thief opened it. 7 The mant wife put the tie in the suitcase. 8 The chief of the tribe had a different belief. (3 plurals) @ Write out these words with ending given. Be careful of the spelling. mlne -1ng float -ed big -est run -lng funnv -er swlm -lng happy -er sad -est call -ed play -ing wonder -ed rude -est @ Put these words in lists with the same vowel sound. (Iip: you have to put six words in each list.) say leave friend eight fill date seat field said sit septaidbrebarekacdeilipnegople bridge raise any mean win live dinner Thames /I/ shrl / e/ well / er/ wart @ Put these words in lists with the same vowel sound. (Iip: you have to put six words in each list.) cough mat bought colour mad water doll month tpaolkt collar bad call man door Sunday born fat country sad knowledge does dog love /ae/ cat / tt/ cut /o/ cot '\"\"'::*; 17L

Review: sentences - 2 ln Units 76 - 83, we presented all the following items: WHERE WHAT WHO HOW WHEN WHY BECAUSE WHAT COLOUR WHAT SIZE WHAT TIME WHAT WHICH (colour do you prefer, the blue or the red?) HOW TALL HOW OLD HOW BIG HOW MANY HOW MUCH /HOw OFTEN WHAT . . . LIKE? Yes, he has. Yes, she did. Yes, I will, etc. No, he hasn't No, she didn't. No, I won't etc. .I am . . Fred will . . . etc. l.So can Neither do l. I hope so. I think so. I expect so. I hope not. I don't think so. l'm afraid so. I'm afraid not. isn't she? can't he? has he? did they? right? aren't you? isn't it? lf you go, I wlll/may/can,/must go. lf I were you, I wouldn't do that. l'll help you as long as you promise to be quiet. l'm leaving, unless you want me to stay. There are no review exercises for Punctuation and Spelling (Units 84 and 85). Conditions o Here are a number of conditional sentences for you to complete. A First, complete these sentences with lF, UNLESS or AS LONG AS. (Tip: use AS LONG AS if the condition is emphatic.) 1 I don'twan't to go by myself; I shan't go ... . you go. 2 You can come to the concert .... you like. 3 .... you pay me in good time, I'rn willing to do the work; otherwise, I'm not. 4 He'll never understand your probLem .... you explain it to him. 5 A11 right, Fred, you can come with us ... .you don't make a lot of noise. 5 I wouldn't do that .... I were you. B Now you have to complete each sentence with an appropriate form of a verb from the box. II explain say phone wash read boil go have I 1 If you're going handle food, ..... your hands. 2 If England ..... a warmer climate, attitudes would be different. 3 If water is heated, it ..... ..... at 100\"C. 4 If I met her at aparty,I...... ...... \"he11o\". 5 You would save money if you .... by bus. 6 \"If I ever go to New York, I ...... ...... you.\" 7 .... the instructions carefully if you want to use this program. B \"Ifyou .... the job to me properly, I wouldbe able to do it.\" 172

@ You have to fill the blanks with words from the boxes. You can use each word once. when where after before until Peter moved to Sweden in November 1,991, .. that, he had lived in France ...... he was a hotel manager. He stayed in France for 10 years, ...... 1,991,. A few weeks ...... he arrived in Sweden, he went to Linkoping to visit the Kroner Hotel. Flowever he arrived, he found that the hotel was closed for the month ofJanuary. but so as soon as while since He decided to wait for them to open. he was ,uraiting, he phoned some other hotels, .. most of them were closed. .. the Kroner Hotel opened, on 1st February Peter went to see the manager. He wanted to make a good impression, .............. he wore his best suit! To his delight, he was given a job, and he has been working there the day he went for the interview. @ Now you have to complete these dialogues with suitable words and phrases; they are all questions and answers. A Robert has just come backfro* Toronto, where he spent a month on bwsiness Dennis went to the airport to meethim. . . .... people came to meet me? Dennis: 'Welcome back, son! .. luggage have you got? Robert: Thanks, Dad! Dennis: Just me. Robert: Two suitcases. Dennis: Have you got everything? Robert; Yes, ... Dennis: Right, let's go home. B Thry arriue home. ....... are Carol and Fred? was the flight? Victoria: 'Welcome home, darling! Robert: Thanks, Mum. Victoria: They're fine! . Robert: Boring but OK. C Robert: Mum, I met a girl in Toronto. Robert: She's ta1l, with blond hair. Victoria: ... is she? Robert: She's 22. Victoria: 'IWs shee1n1ic,e? ... , and I hope you do too! Robert: Victoria: Is she coming to England? Robert: I'm not sure, but Victoria: .... is she coming? Robert: Mryb. next month. At least . Fred: Did you buy me a pistol in Canada, Rob? Robert: No, ..... ...... , Fred. I don't think Mum would like that very much. Victoria: Anything more to tell me about that girl? Robert: Like what? Victoria: Any plans? Robert: 'We11, we've discussed Can you guess what the girl and Robert discussed?

Here are the tenses of the English verb, with outline notes: The present sirnple She works Points to watch out for: o 'We use -S after helshe Different ways of adding -s: walk -s walks /s/ bry -s buYs /z/ catch -es catches /tz/ try y -ies tries /z/ o We use DO/DOES to form the negative and interrogative: He doesn't take sugar Do you like coffee? The past sirnple She worked Points to watch out for: o We use DID to form the negative and interrogative: She didn't hear what you said Did you enjoy the film? o The different past tense forms: See Appendix 3 The present continuous (progressive) She is working The past continuous (progressive) She was working The present perfect She has worked The past perfect She had worked The future: She will work She is working will She is going to work present,/future going to The passive It is made It was made L74

2 I-Ise of the Tenses This is a simple account of the way we use the tenses at this level. As always when we are talking about language, \"it is more complicated than that\"! THE PRESENT SIMPLE 9 -We mostly use the present simple when we don't see a time limit for what we are describing. 'We use it for permanent or regular events, or for things which are always true, like these: 1) She works for Dillons bookstore. 2) They usually go to the cinema on Monday nights. 3) -Water boils at 100oC at sea level. THE PAST SIMPLE -We use the past simple for events that started and finished in the past, like these: 4) Julius Caesar came to England in 55 BC. 5) They delivered the new furniture last week. Past tense verbs often have an advert of tirne: last week, 5 years ago, yesterday etc THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS oT PROGRESSIVE This tense contrasts with the present simple: we mostly use the present continuous when we knorv that the activiry is short-liyed, or happening now, or anyway has a time limit on it, like these: 6) Nick is studying Italian these days. 7) You are reading this Appendix. THE PAST CONTINUOUS oT PROGRESSIVE 'fhis tense contrasts with the past simple. 'Whereas we use the past simple for events which are finished, we use the past continuous for events which are not finished, like these: 8) I was getting dressed when the phone rang. (I was interrupted) 9) I was writing my report last night. (I didn't finish) THE PRESENT PERFECT This tense is a \"linking\" tense: it joins past time to present time. It may be an event which started in the past and goes on to the present, like these: 10) She has worked here since 1992. 11) I have known her for years. Or it may be an event which happened in the past, but has an eflect on the present, like these: 12) I've read that. (I don't need to read it again) 13) She s passed her First Aid certificate. (so we can offer her the post) THE PAST PERFECT This tense is \"before-the-past\". If we need to make clear that one thing happened before another in the past, then lve use this tense, as in these sentences: 14) I had finished my work when the manager came back. 15) Robert had gone out with a few other girls before he met his present girl-friend 175

THE FUTI.IRE There are different ways of talking about the future, depending on what we want to say. 1 WILL 'We use this form especially for predictions, or expressing certainry: o \\d/s will all die one day. . Fred won't drive his father's car; he's too young. 2 Present continwows ' -We use this especially for plans and programmes. It suggests that the arrangements were made in the past, in sentences like these: . Class three is piaying football on'Wednesday afternoon. . I am leaving at 10 on Tuesday next. 3 Coing to This is another \"linking\" tense. Just as the present perGct links the past and the present, so GOING TO links the present and the future, in sentences like these: ' I'm going to be an engineer when I grow up. But note: 'We often use the three different future forms indiscrimately, so students should not spend much time worrying about which one to use. People will usually understand any of the three. THE PASSIVE -We use the passive when the grammatical subject is not important, and we want to emphasize something else, e.g. the time or the place or the grammatical object, in sentences like these: . He was hurt in the accident last year. . (This car was) made in England. . English is spoken here. . The floor can be laid in fwo days. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 'When we use IF in a sentence, 'we use some of the tenses to express difltrent times from those they usually express. Here are the most common kinds of conditional sentences: I will go IFUTURE] if I have time. IIMAGINARY FUTURE] I would go [CONDITION] if I had time. IIMAGINARY PRESENT] I would have gone [PAST CONDITION] if I had had time. [IMAGINARY PAST] 776

I Vhen Do 'W'e LJse Contractions? SPEAKING 'When we are speaking, most Etrglish speakers use contractions most of the time. It doesn't matter what background we come from, or which country; it doesn't matter which region we come from, how educated we are, or what our social background is. 1) Hello Jim, are you all right? 2) Yes, I am! I've got a new job and I'm moving to Bath. EMPHATIC SPEAIilNG Sometimes, if we want to say something particularly forcefully, we don't use contractions. Here are fwo examples: 3) (parent to child) \"I do not want you to open the door while I am out.\" 4) (political speech) \"-We h'ave always been true to our promises; we will not raise taxes.\" VERY INFORMAL SPEECH Sometimes, when we are speaking quickly and informally, the contraction becomes the elision'of a word. Here are some examples: 5) Hi, Jim, all right? (: are you al1 right?) 6) Dunno. (: I don'know) 7) Know what I mean? (: do you know what I mean?) As a student, you will want to understand what is happening when native speakers use these forms, but you should be careful about using them yourself. Very informal speech is difficult to handle in a language until you are close to being a native speaker! WRTTING -When we are writing, we sometimes use contractions and sometimes not. -When we are trying to write in a friendly, informal style (as in this Appendix, for example), we use quite a lot of contractions. People vary in their sfyle, but many writers in popular rnagazines seem to use contractions a lot with negatives, but they don't use them so much in affirmative sentences. -We are not sure why, but it seems to be the case. But if we are writing formal prose, for example in an academic article or a formal business letter, then we use contractions much less, if at all. 777

These words are contracted: * Don't forget that we only use 's in these three ways: 1 Contraction of is: Itt a boy! 2 Contraction of has: He's gone. 3 Possessive: the girl's coat. There are usually fwo ways of contracting BE with NOT: I'm not He isn't Het not 'We aren't We're not You aren't You're not They arerr't They're not

'When we say \"irregular\" verbs, we simply mean verbs that do not form their past tense and past participle with -ED. They include many of the most common verbs in English, so it's useful to know them. There arc 130 or so of these verbs which are regularly used; we give 61 rn Books 1 and 2. A Here are the verbs, first in a list in alphabetical order: begin began begun mean meant meant bite bitreo meet met met bring bit brought pay paid paid build brought built put put put built bought read read read bry bought caught ride rode ridden caught come tang rung catch rlng rose rlsen come came CoSt tan run rlse said said CoSt CoSt cut run saw done sold seen cut cut drunk say sent sold do did driven shone sent drink drank eaten see shut shone drive drove found shut eat flown sel1 sang sung find ate forgottr,a fly got send sat sat forget found glven shine get flew gone shut slept slept glve forgot grown smg spoke spoken go got had spent spent grown heard s1t stood stood have gave taken hear hiddcr.', sleep took taught hide went speak taught told hit grown hit spend told thought know had known stand thought thrown learn heard learnt take threw -stood hid teach -stood waken leave hft (learned) woke lend left tell wore worn lose knew- lent think won won make learnt lost throw wrote wrltten (learned) made understand wake left wear lent w1n lost wrrte made B Here are the same verbs, this time divided into easy-to-remember groups: 1 \"Almost regular\" Examples: hear, heard, heard build, built, built SET 1: have hear make pay say SET 2: build learn lend send spend 2 \"ItJo change\" Example: put, put, put cost cut hit put shut 179

3 \"The uowel changes\" xample: get, got, got find get meet read shine s1t wl 4 I\"The uowel changes -t\" xample: leave, left, left leave lose sleep mean 5 \"The uowel changes + -d\" xample: seII, sold, sold sell tell stand understand 6 \"--ght\" Example: bring, brought, brought bring bry catch teach think 7 \"The uowel changes twice\": to /e/ or /ei/, and then to /x/ Example: begin, began, begun begin come drink ring run smg 8 \"\"The uowel changes twice, and you add -en or -i Examples: drive, drove, driven break, broke, broken fly, flew, flown SET 1: drive ride rise wrrte SET 2: break speak wake SET 3: fly grow know throw OTHERS: bite eat forget glve s :e take wear 9 \"Euerything changes!' Example: go, went, gone go be ,

o KEY T0 B00K TWO o UNIT 1 UNIT 4 1 A 1 Is Susan 2,/ 3 is she 4,/ is not studying . . . is studying 2 areyou doing? . . . B 1, ./ 2 Does George have 3 did you have am changing 3 am not going 4'We don't have 5 C 1am 2,/ 3,/ 4is 1 I am not studying 2,/ 3 are you going 4 does this sweater cost 5 ,/ 6 cows eat 2 1 isn't . . . is 2was. . . is 3 was . . . was 4 are 5is...was 6is...isn't...is 1 is wearing 2 is wearing 3 are not wearing 1 Did . . . have 2had. . . had 3 Did . . . have 4 is following 5 is searching 4had. . . do.. . have 5 did. . . have 6had. . . had 6 are watching. . . is waiting . . . is sitting 7 are carrying 7 Did. . . have 8 are not cerrytng 9 are ca;Iryrng thave 2had 3was 4was...were...had 1 are . . . doing 2 tmfollowing . . . is taking . . . is going 5did...have 6had...was 7had...had. .was 8 Were t had. . . was 10 had 11 were 3 are .. . doing 4 arn searching 5 am waiting . . . is sitting 12wx.. . was./is 13 had. . were l4had 1 are . . . doing 2 am readirg . . . is playing 3 is making 1a Is this your 1b it isnt 4 is watching 5 is having 6 is . . . doing . . . is sleeping 2a 'W.here did you have 2b I had lunch at home 7 Are... having 3a Are the Pyrenees in Spain 3b They are partly in Spain UNIT 5 4t Are you having a good time? 4b I always have fun at I lare...standing 2xnwaiting 3Doesn't. .come your parttes 4 walks UNIT 2 2 1 He is watching 2Do you want 3,/ 4,/ 5 I walk I thad 2,/ 3O(havegot) 4Ihave 5./ OIhave 6'/ 1aH 1bD 4aE 4bC 2 1 Have . . . got. . . didn'thave . . . had 2aI 2bF 5a G 5b B 2Has. . .got. . . hasn't got. . . has got 3a A 3bJ 3 didn't have . . . had. . . will . . .have 4 Has . . . got . . . willhave 1 makes . . . is expanding . . . are building 2 sells . . . is 5 hasn't got . . . will have increasing . . . is dropping 3 do . . . work . . . is asking 4 is making. . . are asking. . . wants 6had...has...got isplaying... plays. . are... doing... amcooking...Do cook... cooks. . amcooking. . arecoming...want... 7 Have. . . got . . . haven't got . . . has got are. . cooking. ..like. . . do. . .know. . . Do. . . know . . . means. . . do. . . do. . . go 8 had. . . have got. . . will. . . have 1 to have . . . haven't got 2have got . . . have UNIT 6 3'have... haven'tgoi 4have... haven'tgo 5 don'thave 1 1Did... cook... didn'tcook... cooked 2Did... iron UNIT 3 didn'tiron... cleaned 3Did... cook... did Do . work J'::i: wo 4washed... did 5Did... cook... didn'tcook... ironed 6Did...wash... did 7Did... clean... did.. don't work .washed 8cooked...did 2 1 Did she go . . ../ 2./ 3 ,/ 4 didyou watch 2 1 doesn't go . . . works 2 Does . . . study 3 live brought cut lent shone 3 1 Do you speak 2./ 3 I dont go 4 ,/ 5 She lives 6,/ built found lost shut 4 A 1 swims 2live 3 weighs 4 eats 5 drink 6 have caught hit sent won 1 played . . . lost . . won 2 found. . . cut B 1 A polar bear doesn't swim in very hot water 3 brought . . . gave . . . sent 4 built . . . hit 5 shut 2 don't live 3 doesn't weigh 5 1 did you sit 2 did you go Did she enjoy it 4 did it finish 4 Doesn't/Does . . . drink 5 don't eat 6 dont have 6 1 didn't see . . . didn't get 2 didn't arrive . . wasn't 3 couldn't . . . didnt know 4 couldn't . . . didn't have 5 1 doesn't 2,/ 3 ,/ 4 don't 5 don't 6 doesnt 6 1 works 2 play 3 Does . . . live . . . does 4 belong 5 do. . . do. . . goto 6works Tdoesn'tgo.. .plays 8 Do . . . belong . . . do 9 do not belong 10 plays 11 do not live 181

UNIT 7 1 a shark bit him 2 Sheila was driving 3 were having lunch 4 walked in 5 were swimming in the lake A Did.. . have. . . caught. .wasn't Btook. .. slept. . . didn't sleep . . . was C did . . . cost . . . didn't cost . - . paid 6 We were watching 7 The sun was shining . . . spent DDid. . .have. . .lost. . .found Edid.' . 8 she made several mistakes 9 carne stay... made... told... didn'thave Fdid.. ' do... 1 were driving to Manchester when the car broke down went. . . Did. . . spend. . . didn'tspend. . . didn'thave . . . 2 broke his leg while he was mountaineering 3 rwisted her bought GDid. . . go. . . got. . . Did. . . meet. . . spoke ankle when she was practising karate 4 were cooking lndian nz bit food when the cooker exploded 5 fell down a hole when he flew hid rose broke forgot rode sang was walking in the park 6 got cramp when she was fell grew rar,g threw swlmflung 3 1flew...sang 2rang 3broke 4rode...Gil 5bit 6threw Trose 8grew thid...forgot 1 were . . . already living . . . arrived 2 siled. . . defeated 3 was sitting . . . fell 4 was hunting . . . hit 5 went . . . began 6 was walking . . . killed 4 The fat lady ate a huge amount of food UNIT 10 The exam candidate knew the answer to question number 2 The driver drove his taxi all day yesterday l brought. . . forgot. . . bit 2won. . . built. . . sent 3 flew. . . sang. . . broke . . . fell 4found. . . lent. . - lost The small boy thought he could jr-p across the stream . . . threw S trla . . . caught . . . climbed The runner ran 100 metres in 10 seconds A goes . . . didn't go . . . had. . . is going. . . is walking. . . The dentist took out my tooth last Tuesday isn't workitg. . . is carrying. . . doesn't want The police caught the thieves fwo days ago The teacher taught psychology from 1985 to 1992 Bfound...wrote... sent...doesn't... do. . are '.. says The porters carried the luggage to the bus ...want The pilot flew the helicopter over the ciry C doesn'thave . . . shone . . . got. . . rode . . . rang. . . didn't 1 am learning 2 txtght 3 are you wearing 4 atn selling answer. . . heard. . . was coming. . . went. . . found. . . 5 didn't understand 6 meant 7 learnt 8 sold didn't you open . . . rang . . . was listening . . . didn't hear knew. . . didn'tknow. . . Did. . . know. . . did. . . wanted . . . didn'twant. . . Did. . . want. . . didn't was walking. . . saw. . was standirg. . . are you doing. . . amworking. ..started. . . feel . .. work UNIT 8 doyoudo... work. . amiooking... saw... didyou go 1 was cooking 2 was chasing 3 were leaving . . went . . . didyou study . . . studied. . . Didyou get . . . got 4 was swimming . . . didyoudo. . . left. . . came . . . stayed. . . slept.' . 1, ./ 2 I was sitting 3 ,/ 4 They were not doing bought . . . put . . am not staying . . . moved . . . atnstaying . 5 I didn't understand 6'W'ere you waiting . . share. . . have. . . didyou apply. . . want. . . prefer 1 was teaching History 2 was having a break are looking . . . do you want. . . want . . . Do you speak. . . 3 was teaching English Literature 4 was having lunch speak . . . Do you understand . . . understand . . . don't know 5 was supervising games . . . means . . . thought . . . know . . . studied . . . didn't learn 1 was listening to 2 were getting off 3 was getting on . . . don't you go 4 were looking up 5 was waiting for 6 was lying down 7 was putting on 8 was climbing in UNIT 11 5 1 was standing . . . thought 2 was just leaving . . . began 1 t has packed 2ha;sn't changed 3 Has Carol washed 3 was sittng . . . took 4 was wearing . . . learnt 5 asked . . . didn't know 6 said . . . didn't understand 4 has washed 7 was driving . . . offered 8 spent . . . gave bitten eaten ridden broken found rung 9 brought . . was watching brought flown bought forgotten seen UNIT 9 caught given sent cut grown taken 1 1 were you doing . . . rang 2 wasraining . . . went done hidden 3was climbing... heard 4waswatching... came drunk lent won wrltten 2 1, ,/ .. . didn't know 2 ./ . ,/ 3 ,/ .. . was listening 3 t has given me 2,/ 4 liked 5 was driving . . . ./ 3 I saw 4 He hasn't done 5 ,/ 4 1 She has lost it 2 He hasn't ridden it yet 3 She has brought home a pizza. 4 He has broken it 5 He has won it 6 He hasn't seen it yet L82

1 I've seen it 2 I've rung it het bitten 4 He's grown 6 1forgot... went 2didn't catch... hadalreadyleft 5 I've flown 6 I've done it 3 had already started . . . sat 4 didn'thave . . . had left 1 Has . . . drunk . . . hasn't eaten UNIT 15 2 has hidden . . . have found 3 have . . . forgotten . . . have bought 1 1 used to climb 2 doesn't climb 3 used to play 4 has caught . . . have . . . given . . . has taken 2 1 used to 2,/ 3 didn't used ro 4 used to 5 ,/ 5 has written . . . hasn't sent 3 1 Didyou usedto . . . used to . . . didn'tused to . . . didn't UNIT 12 usedto . . . used to . . . did. . . usedto . . . didn't usedto I l just 2 for 3 since 4 how long 1 Forty years ago everyone went to New York by ship 2 1 for three months 2 ,/ 3 sinceJanuary 4 ,/ 5 how long 2 Forq years ago people went everywhere by bus 3 Forry 3 for 2for 3since 4since 5for 6since Tfor 8since years only wealthy people played golf 4 Forty years ago only a few people went abroad for their holiday 5 Forry years ago 9 since 10 for very few cars on the streets of London 6 Forty years most A 1 for 6 years 2 since 1945 3 for about 500 years women didn't have jobs 7 Forry years ago many people 4 since 1789 didn't work from home B 1 srnce 1.776 2 for about 2000 years 3 since 1860 1 used to go . . . go 2 didn'tused to go . . . go 3 didn't 4... about50years usedtodrive... drive 4usedtostudy... go 5 didn't usedtostay... do 6usedtowear. . wear 7 didn'tused 1 for 3 years 2 since tea-time 3 since 9 o'clock to wear . . . wear 8 didn't used to work . . ere 4 for 50 years UNIT 16 t has just started 2 just finished 3 just heard 4 just told 5 have just left UNIT 13 I 1 am leaving 2 stated 3 is opening 4 is going 1 2 (present) 3 (past) 4 (past) 5 (past/presenr) 2 1 is leaving 2 are you doing 3 ,/ 4 ,/ 5 are going 3 1 is seeing the director at 9.30 am 2 is going to a concert 6 (past/present) 7 (past) 8 (past/present) 9 (past) 3 is having supper with Sam and Mary 4 he is going to 10 (present) Cinema with Carol tt7.30 prn 5 is studying for exam 6 is going to Disco withJane at 9.00 pm 7 he is going with his 2 t have lived 2 ,/ 3 Did you see 4 ,/ 5 have written parents to Church at 11 xn 6r/ 1 leaves . . . arrives 2 begins . . . finishes 3 have pp 1a have never been p 1b went 2a p never met 4 stop . . . start 5 opens . . . closes 2b pp have seen 3^ pp Have you done 3b pp did you do 4a p lived 4b pp has lived 5a p have you seen 1does... begin 2are... pianning 3 aregoing 4stxt pp 5b have never seen 5 am working t has sung 2 played 3 have lived in Hampton 4 has lived 6 are. .doing... in their present house all his 5 went 6 has studied 7 took start...Are.. haven't seen . . . saw . . . started . . . have been . . .just started . . . leaves . . . working . .washe... worked didn'tlike... hashebeen... has UNIT 17 worked . . . did he get . . .answered 1 are you going to 2 trn not going to do 3 arn going to UNIT T4 4 is going to 1 t had taken 2 had eaten 3 had done 4 had. . . drunk 2 t had finished 2,/ 3 hadn't seen 4 arrived 5 ,/ 1, ,/ 2 am not going to 3 ,/ 4.What are you going to 3 t had already made 2had already Ieft 3 hadn't got 5-W.here are you going to 4 had already come 5 had made 6 had already had t had never been late 2hed already left 1 am going to 2 tm going to 3 arn going to 3 had already eaten 4 had never driven 1 got 2 had already fyped 3 returned 4 had gone 4 em going to 5 came 6 had already left 1 are you going to 2 are you, going to 3 are you going to 4 arc you going to 1 am going to get wet 2 are going to be late 3 are going 183

to crash into the mountain 4 is going to bite him 5 'm not UNIT 21 going to sweep it up 6 is going to break down 7 xe gorng to win 8 Are you going to miss your plane 9 is going to cross the road 10 is going to PlaY UNIT 18 1 1 will do 2 will rain 3 will take 4 will begin 2 1 will write to Professor Smith 2 wil. buy some coftte and biscuits 3 will post them 4 will do them 5 will send it 3 1 Shall I 2l'll. retd 3 I'11 get 4 I'11 give 4 1 I don't think wilt 2I don't think will 3 I'm sure will 4 I don't think will happen 5 I think will happen UNIT 19 has. . . gone. . . studied. . . did. . . did. . . allow. . . thought. . . wonder 1 1 Look 2Don't worry 3 Listen 4'Wait 2 1 let's 2letrne 3 Let's 4 Let me 3 A2,4,7 B3,5,8 C1,5,9 4 L Don't burn 2Be 3 Don' touch 4 Don't fall 5 Look 6 Hold 1 Read 2 Don't touch 3 Answer 4 Put 5 Don't wash 6 Mix 1 Don't write 2Keep 3 Stop 4 Don't walk 5 Fasten 6 Don't enter 1 Let's 2letme 3 don't 4let's 5 don't 6 Don't . . . let me 7 don't 1. rang 2'Will . . . sell 3 is studying 4 was watching . says . . . wants . . . will sPend 5 will have 6 is chasing 7 had. . . had 8 had lost 9 Did . applied . . . is waiting. . . . . . see 10 Do . . .like 11 goes l,2rnet 13 spend 14 was . . . leaving 15 is having 16 Did . . . play 17 ate UNIT 23 going to 18 was playing 19 will start 20 was driving I 1 could 2 rnanaged to 3 couldn't 21. stys 22had. . . died 23 are. . . wearing 24hd 2 1 passed 2,/ 3 could swim 4./ forgotten 25 Don't go 3 1 couldn't manage to drive 2 couldn't manage to finish 1usedto... doesn't 2Do... usedto... don't 3 usedto 3 couldn't manage to read 4 couldn't manage to walk ... doesn't 4usedto... don't 5usedto... doesn't 1 a They like c Don't they like 2 a She has seen b She didn't see 3 b He didn't go to the disco c Does he go to the disco t have worked 2 is watching 3 have lived 4 xe playrng 5Is...talking 6Have...heard 7 are -..buying 8is wartrng 1'Wait 2 Are. . . inviting . . . wrote 3'm going - . . ue ...playing 4Don'tsit 5 Have... seen...'mgoing.. ' Wouta . . . tlt. 6 is taking 7 is . . . having 8 does . . . like 9 are going to ask . . . is going out 10 \\Mill work . . . wants 184

1 managed to pay his bills 2 rnanaged to walk home B can 2 have to 3 shouldn't 4 have to 5 can't 3 managed to persuade him to help 4 rnanaged to find the C can't 2can 3should 4must 5should D should 2can 3shouldn't 4can't ring I had dropped 5 managed to persuade him to wait E should arrive on time 2 can bring chocolates 3 you 1could... managedto 2mantgedto... could 3 could 't have to wear a suit 4 can't talk . . . managed to 4 rntnagedto . . . could 5 could . . . managed 6could... managedto 7 rnenagedto... could UNIT 27 1 could 2 managed to 3 could 4 managed to 5 could 6 managed to 7 could t 1. can 2 must 3 can't 4 caLn't 5 must UNIT 24 2 1 'What can that 2 ,/ 3 ./ 4 it must be 5 that must be 6./ I 1 won't 2 rnay 3 should 4 will \\can't 2must 3must 4must 5can't 6ctn't...must 7 must 8 can't 9 must 2 1 will not be 2 won't work 3 ,/ 4 may be 5 ,/ 1 ctn 2 It must 3 can't 4 can 5 [t must 6 it can't be 6 / won't drown 7 can it 8 can't 9 it must 1 earth can it 2 It must 3 it can't 4 it must be 5 must 3 1 will be 2 won't 3 will 4 won't 5 won't 6 will 6 it must 7 can't 4 1 may 2 will 3 should 4 will 5 should 6 rnry 1 'What can that noise be? 2'Who can that be? 3'What 5 1 will arrive at 2.15 2 won't arrive late; she is always can those animals be? 4lt carrr't be the radio; we don't have punctual 3 should be all right now 4 shouldn't have any one. it must be the television. more trouble with it 5 may rain, so take your umbrella UNIT 28 6 should be enough for your expenses 7 shouldn't be late 1 like to come with me? Yes, I'd love to 2 I sit next to you today; he's usually on time 8 won't cry; he never does Yes, of course, you can 3 tell me how to get to Stratton will. . . should. . .'Will. . won't. . . should. . . maynot ...should...wont Street? Yes, certainly 4 like a lift? Yes please, thanks 5 have a packet of envelopes? Yes, madam, they're over there 6 like UNIT 25 to come round to lunch next Wednesday? Thank you, I'm afraid I can't I 1 don't have to 2 have to 3 should 1 Can I borrow a pen? A1l right, but don't lose it! 2 CanI 2 1, ,/ 2,/ 3 had to finish 4 haven't got to wear leave early today? All right, but just today 3 Would you like 3 1 dont have to 2 have to 3 should 4 have to 5 don't to come for the weekend? How nice! 4 Would you like a cup of coffee? Yes, I'd love one 5 Could I look at the flat on have to 6 should 7 should Saturday morning? Yes, certainly, madam 6 Could I borrow 1 You don't have to have a shower after the game 2 You your umbrella? Yes, I don't need it this morning should wear football boots 3 You don't have to keep quiet 1 Would you like to sit down? Yes, thank you 2 Would you all the time 4 You have to obey the rules 5 You don't have like to come to Brighton with me today? No, I can't 3 Can you tell me how to start my computer? Yes, I can 4 May I to stay for the party afterwards 6 You should play as well as borrow your pen? Yes, of course you can 5 Would you like you can some help? Yes, thank you 6 Would it bother you if I 1 He should work 2 should arrive 3 doesn't have to stay parked my car here? No, not at all 4 should be 5 doesn't have to work 6 has to do 1 You have to close the front door! 2 You don't have to UNIT 29 draw the curtains 3 You should switch the lights off 4 you don't have to feed the cat: I'11 Ged her later 5 You have to 1 1. can't 2 could 3 managed to 4 couldn't (should) take your key with you 6 You should do your 2 1 rnay. . . may 2 should . . . may 3 will 4 won't 3 7 can't 2 don't have to wear 3 shouldn't 4 must homework before you go out 4 1 must be 2 must be 3 can't be 4 must be 5 could . . . UNIT 26 I'm afraid not 6,7 &.8 open A can. . . be. . . mustbe. . . Please. . . Thankyou. . . 1 1 can't 2 can 3 don't have to 4 shouldn't 5 should B Wouldyoulike . . . Could I have . . . don't . . . can. . . 6 should 1 should be 2 ,/ 3 shouldn't do 4 have to be 5 ,/ 6 dont have to wear A t have to 2 can't 3 should 4 can't 185

Would you like to . . . you don't have to . . . will .' can't UNIT 33 . . . Canwe . . . I'mafraidnot. . . I wouldlike . . . can't . l lstickout 2Put. .on 3packup 4copy...down must. . . don'thave to . . . cenyou. . can't. . . I have. . . 2 1 turn . . on 2 share out 3 take down 4 Do up 3 lgaveout 2brcak...down 3wenton 4rub-..out carrL... Yes, itwillbeallright... don'tthink. . can... has 4 1 died out 2 write down 3 is on 4 tan up 5 1Switch... on 2larnreadingout 3 cut... down to . . . of course . . . Can . . . Yes, you can 4 walked up 6 1 couldn't . . . rnarruLged to . . . shouldn't . . must . . . will . . . don'thaveto .won't. . .haveto. . . must. . . 6 1 swam up 2 shouted out 3 is .' . on 4 burned down 7 1 wake up 2 stretch out 3 save up 4 carry on managed to . . . couldn't. . . Can . . . managed to 8 put . . . on 2 worn out 3 drank up 4 pulled down UNIT 30 UNIT 34 1 1, ,/ 2 it is not made 3 Are the plants being watered? 1 1cut... down... cut... out... dowithout...brought 4./ 5 The windows are closed 6,/ up 2 1is unlocked 2The lights are switched on 3 The answerphone is switched off 4 The windows are opened 2 broke off. . . Go on. . runoutof. .' callon 3 tookover... carriedon. .brought... up... tookafter 3 1 closed 2 was switched on 3 were switched off 4 was 4 broke down. . . let. . . down. . . make up for. . . make up 5 cameacross... are... gettingon. . rundown ' '. getover locked ...glveup 4 1 Cattle 2 cars 3 gold 4 wheat 5 are manufactured 6 giving away. . . do with. . . breaking down. . . come on 6 are grown 7 xe rcarred 8 is mined 9 is manufactured 10 are grown 11 is mined 12 xe reared UNIT 35 5 The Jupiter Symphony was composed by Mozart Kiri 1 1putoff. .. called... off... is on. . willfind. .. out 2.. . played by Kenneth Branagh 3 . . . were sung 2 lookingup . . . went out. . . was over. . . turnedup by 3 ceruyout. . . make out. . . turned down . . . was out 4 broke up . . . broke down . . . make up . . . didup Te Kanawa 4 .. . was written by Margaret Mitchell 5 A wentoft...calledfor Btakesoft-...put...up C is 5 . . . was built by 14th century Medieval craftsmen . . .in. . . running. . . down Dtakeup. . .Let. . . off UNIT 31 UNIT 36 t 1. should be 2 should be 3 can. . . be 4 should be 1 1 tastes terrible 2,/ 3 ./ 4 ,/ ,/ 5 feels like silk 2 1 ,/ 2 can be built 3 ,/ 4 ,/ 5 could be cured 6 looks like it's very expensive 3 1 be woken 2 be found 3 be repaired 4 be carried 5 be finished 6 be sent 7 be held 8 be obtained 21like 2very 3like 4like 5very 6like 9 be told 10 be expected 3 1 smells 2 smells like 3 tastes 4 tastes like 4 1 did he look like 2 looked 3 looked like 4 Did he 4 1 was made 2 cotld be stolen 3 will be held 4 were built sound like 5 sounded 5 was repaired 6 should be mended 7 should . . . have 5 looks . . . lookslike . . . feels . . . feels . . . feels like . . . smells been painted 8 were brought 9 are spoken 10 has been . . . smell like . . . smells like 5 1 should be exported . . . will be sold 2 should be exported 3 should be sent 4 should be dismissed 5 will be 6 look. . . look. . . like . . . look. . . like . . . smelllike. . . 6 will be 7 willbe look. . . looks . . . like . . . look UNIT 32 I 7a offb on 2t tp b down 3a away b back 4a tn b out 21away 2up 3off 4out 5off 6rn 7rn 8down 9 in 10 away 11 off l2back 13 up 1.4 on 15 down 16 out 17 away 18 in 3 1leave...on 2getol 3getoff 4scratch...off 4 1 come in 2 ttke. . . out 3 walked out 4 put. . . in 5 1 going up 2 climbed up 3 walked down 4 Get down 6 !ranawry 2cxneback 3put...away 4droveback 186

UNIT 37 UNIT 40 1 1 smells delicious 2 ttsted disgusting 3 feels soft 1 1 to play 2 going/to go 3 playing 4 studying/to study 1, ,/ 2 (to work) 3 cooking 4 (working) 5,/ 4 look . . . healthy 5 sounds terrible 6listening 2 A 1'Writedown 2took...away 3brokedown 4 get off 5 came across 1 playing the piano 2 typing them 3 watching q;jz B 1look...up 2wentoff 3broughtup 4gotover programmes on TV 4 biting my nails 5 playing cards 6 moving house 7 having a shower 8 cleaning it 5 find out 9 being washed C ltookoff 2ton 3put...up 4turnedup 5ran 1 want to see . . . enjoy meeting down 2 hopes . . . dislikes arriving 3 started to type/typing . . . finished ryping D lsaveup 2Let...down 3took...out 4geton 4 like to see/seeirg . . . cafl't stand waiting for them with 5 get on 5 love to eat/ erting . . . hate to doldoing E lTakeoff 2hmd...out 3put...oft 4bring... 6 enjoy listening . . . stop playing back 5 takes after 7 promised to be . . . postponed meeting F lbrrngup 2turned...down 3put...on 4make 8 like to see/seeirg . . . arcarrge to have up(for) 5put. .on UNIT 41 1 was arranged . . . was invited 2 is being unloaded 3 arc taken . . . aLre brought 4 will be given 1 1 you to come with me 2John to go away 1 Do you think the work can be finished today? 3 you to speak French 4 the soldiers to stand up 2 Your suitcase must not be left in the aisles or doorways 3 The meeting will be held at 10 am tomorrow mornlng 2 1 I want you to go 2,/ 3 ,/ 4 They invited him to go to 4 Your bicycles should not be left in the driveway dinner with them 5 I forbid you to do UNIT 38 1 England expects every man to do his dury 2 She prefers to 1 1 to be 2 how to play 3 to buy 4 where to buy do the work herself 3 They asked me to stay the night 4 They like to play cards with Frances 5 We expect to leave 1 I arranged to take 2 forgot to hand in the house in an hour 3 decided to apply for 4 intended to eat 5 agreed to take 1 me not to leave the room 2 me to leave the room 3 me 6 deserved to be taken to help her move the piano 4 me to be at the concert hall at 7.1.5 5 us two to be quiet 6 us how to cook vegetables l intends. . . hopes 2learnt. . . offered 1 to have some orange juice please 2 you to have some 3 wanted . . . agreed 4 refused . . . expects orange juice 3 you to take the plane to Mallorct 4 to ta,ke 4 1 expect . . . hope 2 expected. . . hoped the plane to Mallorca 5 to be at the ofhce by 9 am 5 1'wanted . . . pretended 2 pretended . . . wanted 6 Robert to be at the office by 9 am 7 to be picked up 6 t how 2 what 3 where 4 what 5 how by car 8 to golgoing by car UNIT 39 UNIT 42 I 1 at cooking 2 ./ 3 of driving 4 ,/ 5 after watching 1 lcould 2was 3might 4did 6,/ 7 to cut 8./ 1 tt 2 of 3 tfter 4 tt 5 about 6 After 7 for 1, ,/ 2 He said they were leaving 3 ./ 4 He said she 8 before 9 of 10 Before 11 by 1.2 about 1.3 of would come soon 5 / 6 He said he saw her every day 14 before 15 by t he was going out withJimmy 2 he would be home by six 1 at making paper aeroplanes 2 of listening to music 3 he might go and see LIncle Victor 4 he could walk 3 of travelling in small planes 4 at dancing 5 of typing (because) it's not far dozens of letters every day 6 at getting a bad result in the test t he wanted to go to that concert 2 he didn't like baked 1 I left home, I had a good breakfast 2 phoning the operator beans 3 he had told Fred not to wait 4 he would see he managed to obtain her number 3 cutting vegetables you everyone later on can use this knife 4 waiting for half an hour I went home 1 she enjoyed the film 2 she might go and see it agaLrr, 5 making an extra effort she got the work finished 3 she didn't see Mike at the office 4 she wouldn't take the 6 witnessing the accident I phoned the police 7 driving car; she could walk around town the Citycar is ideal 8 phoning Carol he was definitely not going to raise taxes decided what he wanted to say 187

would fight to defend our currency 6 from . ..to 7atthe...from 8to tt might expand the health service 4 la;t 2 (-) 3(-) 4 frorn 5 (J 6 at believed in this countryt future didn't take bribes UNIT 46 UNIT 43 1 above . . . underthe title . . . above. . . above. . . LJnder. . . 1 1 John was 2 the answer was 3 to sit down between...behind 4 to wait here 2 1 behind the tree 2 wder the car 3 hidden above the 2 1 ,/ 2 to go 3 the time was 4 ,/ 5 he would 6 ,/ gar.a.ge 4 behind the computer 5 between the two cars 3 1 said 2 asked me 3 asked 4 told me 5 ordered me 6 in front of the mirror 7 behind the tree 8 under a chair 1 what Fred was doing 2 when Robert would be home for supper 3 what time Dennis could come and pick her up 4 3 1 over . . . under 2 under . . . over 3 under . . . over how much milk Carol bought 5 what the cleaning lady had 4 1 in front of the National Gallery 2 above the square 3 xe to do under the statue of Nelson 4 is between the National Gallery and South Africa House 5 behind St Martin's in the 1 what Susan was doing 2 what the messenger did on Fields 6 is under the church 7 is behind South Africa Mondays 3 who made c.offee for the staff 4 who would House 8 in front of the National Gallery take the letters to the post 5 when Brian could finish the 5 1 behind ahead 2 a,head 3 behind 4 a.head 5 behind report UNIT 47 1 to be quiet 2 to stand up straight 3 to put his shoulder back 4 not to move 5 to pull his stomach in 6 not to 1 1 ,/ 2 in the front row 3 ,/ 4 in the middle 5 ,/ look at him 6 at the front UNIT 44 21.at 2in...of 3On...of 4in 5On 6at 7lr, 8At 9On...of. .on 1 1 to wait 2 readrng 3 to go 4 meeting 5 to help 6 ryping 7 to walk 8 to pay 9 speaking 3 A l inthesecondrow... themiddle 2rsa girl ... onthe 1. to play/playing 2 to do 3 to watch/watching 4 to left... thethirdrow 3 isaboy... ontheright... the bring 5 to listen/listening 6 to buy 7 to listen/listening third row 4 There is a boy . . . sitting on the left . . . the first row 5 There is a boy . . . sitting on the right . . . the 8 to doldoing first row A lwhere 2whtt 3what 4where B 1(how) 2how 3(how) 4how B 6 At the top of 7 On the left of the board . . . should say l,afraid of 2 for 3 annoyed about 4 fond of 5 by 6 good at 7 pleased about 8 before 9 tired of 8 of Africa on the right of the board . . . it should say l waitingfor... hope.. . expect 9 At the bottom of the board it says: I am your 2hope. . . expect . . . waiting for UNIT 48 t he would write your reference this afternoon 2 where I 1 been to 2 aruled at . . . / 3,/ .. . in my car 4,/ Fred was 3 to turn left at the next corner 4 she was waiting for the doors to open 5 he left the house at four 2 1 am going to 2 Htve. . . been to 3 have been to o'clock he had left the house at four o'clock 6 where 4 arre .. . going to 5 went to . . . has been to Dennis was going this evening 7 not to open the window 3 1at 2at 3in 4in 5at 6at UNIT 45 41to. by 2tn. by...to...in 3On...to...in ..by 4to...in...to...in 5on. .by...to...in ..to 6in...to...to...to. by 7rn...in...to by. .on...on 1 t home . . . r/ 2 r/ . . .,/ 3 at the airport 4 in his office UNIT 49 1*... in.. . atthe 2tn...at 3 at... atthe... inthe 7 1while 2frorn...to 3for 4during for 4inthe...atthe 5at...in...at 6atthe...in 7 in...inthe 8in...atthe gatthe 10in...atthe 2 1 for aweek . . .,/ 2 How long . . . / 3 while 1,1, at .. . in the 3 l duringJuly. . . duringAugust. .. from. . . to ltothe...atthe 2 ...at 3from...to ...at 4 frorn. . . to the . . . at the 5 at the . . . from . . . to the 2 durrngJuly . . . during August . . . from . . . to . 188

the summer . . . for . . . during 4 for A 1 Of. .on...on...in 2on...on...in 3in...of B 1At...of...In...on...of 4 la for b During 'While 2a while b during c for 2At...of 3 On. . . of . . on. . . of c 3a during b for c while 5 1 How long 2 for 3'When 4 for 5 while 1 by. . . arrivedat. . . in. . . on 2on 3beento '6!7Dhui1rieng9.H..owOlnonTgH1o0wfomr u. .c.hwh8ifleor. . . from. . . to. . . 4 went to 5 arrived in 6 by 7 rn . . . on UNIT 50 1in 2rt 3on...by 4for 5by...by 6on. .on 7at 8outof...about 9with 10by...by 11in... 11in. .on 2by 3by 4in...by 5by...by 6on in 12 tt .. . about 13 in 1.4by 15 in 16 in t7 Lt 7rn 8in 9in 18 in . . . with . . . about 1.9 in 20 At 1in 2on...for 3for 4in 5on...in 6outof UNIT 54 7 for 8 on 9by 10 in 11 in 12by. . on 1 on purpose 2 out of stock 3 in ink 4 for sale 5 by I 1a... some... The 2a... some... The train 6 at home 7 for lunch 8 on business 9 on the plane 10 for dinner 11 by mistake 12 out of trouble 2 L arnxt. . .,/. . . theman 2 abook . . ../ 3,/...alion 4,/r/ UNIT 51 1 the capital 2 a cowtry 3 a continent 4 The country 5 the . . . cify 6 an island 7 an .. . state 8 the 1At...in...in.. . in... with 2on... in... in continent 9 the capital 10 The State 11 the island 3At. by. .on l2thecapita,l 13 the... country 1.4acity... the capital 1on...in...for 2for...on 3For...of 1some. .some .a. .a. .a. .some. .some...r. 4for...for. .on 5on...in ..4n. .some lwith 2in...in. . . with 3in. . .in. . .with 2an...4. .some ...t...Some. .some. .a. 4in...in a. . . some. . . A. . some 1 on duty 2 in a suit 3 with a suitcase 4 in public . . . in 14...an. .some. .an 2the...a...The...the... private 5 for the second time 6 with brown hair 7 in some . . . some . . . the 3 the . . . a. . . the . . . some . a...The. .some...some person B with horror UNIT 55 UNIT 52 I 1. a. . some 2 any 3 any 4a I 1 married to 2 engaged to 3 full of 4 awue of 2 1 a pen 2 ,/ 3 any coffee 4,/ 5 a dentist 5 suspicious of 6 good at 3 1.a...arly 2any .a 3any. .a 4any...any...e 1 good for 2 afraid of 3 close to 4 sure of 5 ready for 5any...t 6any...z Tany .a...a 6 generous with some...any. .some...some ...ar]y. .some. .some ...4ny...Lfly. . some. . some...any. . some...any 1 Smoking is bad for you! 2 Be careful of throwing your money away! 3 She is fond of children 4 Don'be cruel to 1 some stamps 2 an umbrella 3 a restaurant 4 any phone that dog! 5 I'm bad at drawing 6 He treated me nicely 7 Thtt was nice of you! 8 I was surprised at what he said calls 5 a hospital 6 some milk 7 some books 8 any 1 pleased with 2 annoyed about 3 pleased about trains 9 some parking spaces 10 any food 4 annoyed with 5 annoyed with 6 disappointed about UNIT 56 UNIT 53 I 1 (-) . . . the 2The 3 (-) . . . (-) 1 lunder 2Between 3above 4behind 5behind 6 in front of 7 above 8 behind 9 under 10 above 2 1,,/. . . r/ 2,/. .. nicepeople 3Thewomen . . .,/ 11 between 1.2 rn front of 13 behind 14 in front of 4 the man 5 eagles . . . beautiful birds. 15 under 16 between 17 above 18 in front of 3 1 marriage 2 hunger 3 good weather 4 nuclear power 19 befween 20 under 4 1(-) 2the 3(-) 4(-) 5the 6(-) Tthe 8the 9 (-) 10 the 1 children. . . the children 2The coffee. . . coffee 3music... themusic 4Thefyres... tyres 5 thebooks . . . books 6 Classes . . . the classes 189

University students usua\\ buy books, but the nurnber of 1. Trafalgar Square . . . the National Gallery . . . The Trmes books they buy depends on the course. I have asked five 2The 'White House . . . the National Art Gallery . . . Time students: the sttdents in the Maths Department don't buy . . . The New York Times. many books, b:ut the students in the Literature Department 3 The Tower of London . . . Tower Bridge. buy dozens. 4 The National Association of Teachers . . Lambeth Street Terrorism is becoming more common these days. The . . . the Liberal Party. reasons for this are complicated, but perhaps /he most important reason is that people are hungry in some parts 'Waterloo Bridge . . . The Strand . . . The Adelphi . . . of the world. Another important reason is that people want Charing Cross . . . Tiafalgar Square . . . The National Gallery freedom. They want the government of a country to be . . . The Mall . . . Buckingham Palace . . . St. J'ames's Park elected by the people who live there. Open UNIT 57 UNIT 60 1 1the...the 2a...a...one 3ones ...a...one 1 1 sheets . . . paper 2 jownies . . . travel 3 homework . . . 2 1 Theyoung . . .,/ 2,/. .. abigone. . . asmallone exercises 4 Marrtage . . . weddings 5 men . . . public 3 ,/. .. a new one 1 That's a large one . . That's large 2 Shet a tall one . . . 6 permission . . . permit 7 armchairs . . furniture She's tall 3 This is an old one . . This is old 4 Those are nice ones . . . Those are nice 5 He's an interesting one . . . 8 jobs. . . work Het interesting 6 Those are fast ones . . . Those are fast 7 They're good ones . . . They're good 8 He's a cute 21Many 2rntch 3many 4much 5is 6were Tare one...He'scute 1 blind . . . the blind 2 theyoung . . . young 3 deaf . . . 8 plays thedeaf 4theold. . . old 5 rich. . . poor. . . Therich ...thepoor 1 accommodation 2 thieves 3 traffic 4 information 1 The Europeans 2The British 3 The French 4 the 5 halves 6 food 7 manners 8luggage 1 clothing 2 cloth 3 clothes 4 police 5 policeman Germans 5 The Americans 6 The Russians 7 The Japanese 8 The Norwegians 9 The Chinese 10 The 6 policewoman Swiss UNIT 61 UNIT 58 t 1. a lot of 2 ahttle 3 a few 4 plenty of 2 1 not many 2 afew 3 a little . . . not much 1 the South ofEngland . . . / 2,/ . . .,/ 3 The Andes 3 lafew 2altttle 3Alittle 4afew 5afew 6alittle . . . South America 4 r/ .. . Germany 4 1 not many 2 rnach 3 not many 4 not . . . much lthe 2(-)...the 3the .(-) 4The...the... (-) 5the...the...the 6(-) ...(-) ...(-) 7(-) 5 many 6 much ... (-) 8(-)...the eThe ... (-)... (-) 1 do not have much time 2 are not many hotels 3 is not much meat 4 have plenty of food 5 doesn't have much 1 Mount Everest 2 the Alps 3 The Thames 4 Lake experience 6 plenty of opportunities 7 don't have many eggs Michigan 5 Lake Victoria 6 the Andes 7 the Seine l alotof ... much 2rntny...alotof . . . many... much 8 Brussels 9 The United States . . . Russia . . . afew 3much. . . many. .. many 4alotof . . .a little...afew 10 Luxembourg 11 the Pacific 72 the United Kingdom UNIT 62 1 the English Channel 2The British Isles 3 The North Sea 4 The Nile . . . the Mediterranean . . . Lake Victoria I 1 none of 2 Most 3 Most of 4 Some 5 the Atlantic Ocean 2 1, ,/ 2 Many of my friends 3 A few of the houses 4 ,/ UNIT 59 5 not got any clothes 6./ 1 1 Selfridges is in Oxford Street. 3 lMost 2Ail, 3No 4tfew 5Most 6Afew 2The Royal Society ofArts is in Adam Street. 3 The House of Commons is in Parliament Square. 4 1 Most of the people 2 A11 the oIIice workers 4 The National Galley is in Tiafalgar Square. 3 All the Scotsmen 4 Most of the workers 5 Some of the women...some 1 Mostofthe. . . some of 2 Some ofthe. . some of. . .A few 3Most...tfew...Noneof 4No 5Afeware 6 Some are 7 Most are 8 None are 190

UNIT 63 6 1 No, I can do it myself 2Be carefil not to cut yourself 1 somewhere . . anywhere. 2 everything 3 everywhere 3 I can cut it myself 4 They carried the heavy suitcases upstairs themselves 5 I'm going to give myself a holiday 4anybody...somebody 6 I think they can finish that job themselves 7 Help yourself 2 1, ,/ 2 anythrng 3 anybody 4 ,/ to some more food 8 She can save herself trouble with this 3 1 everybody . . . somebody 2 Somewhere . . . everything machine 9 I delivered the parcel myself 3 anything . . . somebody 4 everywhere . . . anywhere UNIT 66 5 something 1 some/any. . . any. . some 2an.. . some. . . the anybody . . . somebody . . . anybody . . . anything . . . 3some ...ar-y 4t... The 5any... some. .. any. .. some 6a...some...any something . . . anything . . . everywhere . . anything . . . 1 Theyoung. . . the old 2The deaf . . . the blind somewhere . . . somewhere . . . somebody . . . anybody 3 The poor . . . the rich 4 the unemployed something l Egypt. . . the Middle East 2The Avon . . . England. . . 5 1 everything 2 Everybody 3 everynvhere 4 somebody Stratford 3 The Panama Canal . . . Panama . . . the Atlantic . . . something 5 anywhere! 6 everybody . . . the Pacific oceans 4 Brighton . . . the south coast . . . England 5 Thesun... NorthAfrica! 6 1 of something 2 books everywhere 3 park anywhere 4 everybody gone to 5 give it to somebody 6 everything 1 Covent Garden . . . the Royal Opera House back in its 7 know where anything 8 want anybody to 2 Selfridges . . . Oxford Street 3 Westminster Abbey . . . the House of Commons . UNIT 64 'W'estminster Bridge 4 the National Gallery . . . Buckingham Palace 1 1 of the 2John's 3 boys' 4 hour's 5 \"The Times\" . . . London . . . Time . . . the United States 2 1 ,/ 2 Sallyt coat 3 The public transport of France 4 ./ of America 5 ,/ 6 The door of the room 1 not . . . much 2 Most 3 not . . . arry 4 not many 5 all 6 some of the 7 none of the 8 All the 9 a litt1e 3 1 Peter's 2 boys' 3 gentlemen's 4 baby's 5 girls' 10 some 11 A lot of 12 Most of the 1 The history ofJapan 2 members of the Sociery 1 years' 2 of this 3 sandwiches 4 Germany's 3 (cannot be rewritten) 4 plans of the government 5 (cannot be rewritten) 6 The policemen of London 5 clocks . . . watches 6 men's . . . women's t her friends' addresses 2 Susant address 3 name of the 7 students' . . . of 8 clothes street 4 number of the house 5 her parents' room 6 her 1is...are 2xe...is 3is 4arc 5is friendt address 7 door of the room 8 Fredt new puppy 9 sound of the puppy 10 father's slippers! UNIT 67 1 back of the house 2 the company's intentions 3 three 1 1 taller than 2 the most comfortable 3 the fastest days' work 4 The children's bedroom 5 a weekt holiday 4 more beautiful 6 middle of the city 7 three weeks' time 8 The colour of 2 1 ./ 2 the most interesting 3 ,/ 4 ,/ 5 taller than her new dress 9 the school's facilities 10 Carol's boyfriend 6 easier than UNIT 65 1 the most arnazing 2brgger than 3 a more temperate . . . 1 myself . . . yours . . . his . . . himself . . . hers . . . herself . . . than 4 the hottest . . . driest 5 drier 6 the wettest our . . . ourselves . . . theirs . . . themselves 1 tidier than . . . tidiest 2 taller tha;n 3 the fattest 4 most comfortable 5 earlier than 6 more important than 2 1, ,/ 2 rne 3 ,/ 4 each other 5 ,/ 6 yours 1 earlier 2 talTer. . . the tallest 3 more expensive 1'(a) Is this pen mine? (b) Is this mine? 4 worse . . . worst 5 smaller 6 more crowded 2 (a) Is that house theirs? (b) Is that theirs? 3 (a) Are these shoes yours? (b) Are these yours? 1 bored . . . boring 2 surprising . . . surprised! 4 (a) Was that passport hers? (b) Was that hers? 3 exciting . . . excited 4 interesting . . . interested 5 (a) Are these tickets ours? (b) Are these ours? 1 more exciting . . . the most excited 2 the most 4 1 -y 2 his 3 our 4 yours 5 their 6 hers 7 your embarrassing . . . more embarrassed 3 the most boring . . . 5 1 itself 2 ea,ch other 3 myself 4 ourselves 5 each other more bored . . . than 4 more amusing than . . . more 6 yourself 7 themselves 8 each other t herself 10 each amused 5 the most interesting . . more interested other 191

UNIT 68 5 \"I love you!\" he declared passionately 1 1very 2as...as 3notas. .as . .only 6 He has always treated me very well 2 1 ,/ 2 as quickly as you can 3 ,/ 4asbigas 5./ 4lwrong 2early...late 3hard 4last Next 5 right! 6 the same as 5 1 well (adjective) 2 good (adjective) 3 well (adverb) 3 1as 2than 3as 4than 5as...as 4 Well (adverb) 4 was not as tall as General De Gaulle is usually not as cheap as tea in England 6 1 daily (adverb) 2 weekly (adjective) 3 monthly (adverb) is generally not as cold as Moscow 4 darly (adjective) 5 fortnightly (adverb) 6 weekly (adverb) 1 Carol is not as tall as Robert 2Yrctorra is not as plump as lJncle Dennis 3 Dennis is not aslazy as lJncle Victor UNIT 71 4 Sally is not as slow as'Winston 1 1still 2just 3yet 4ilretdy 2 1 already finished 2,/ 3,/ 4 ahetdy 5 ,/ A 1 as hot as 2 as cold as B 1 Itb snowy in Germany, but it's not as snowy as 6 have just Switzerland 2It can be foggy in Northern France, but itt not as foggy as London 3 Wales is wet, but itt not as wet as 3 1yet....still 2akeady 3yet 4still ...already Zaie 4 British Columbia is warm, but it's not as warm as 5yet...still 6aheady California 1 I don't think Mary has arrived yet 2 Are you still driving that old car? 3 He hasn't yet asked her to marry him 1 Victoria arrived at the same time as Dennis 2 Petq is the same age as Robert 3 My dress is the same colour as yours 4 They've just finished decorating the first room 4 Susan took the same train as him 5 My coat is the same t has already finished it 2 has already left 3 has aheady colour as yours won two medals 4 has already started 5 am aheady 2L 1 as often as you can 2 as good as new 3 as early as you can 4 as best as you can 5 as soon as possible 1 No, I am still living in the old one 2 The men are already painting it UNIT 69 3 Has Peter got to his office yet? 1, ,/ 2 ./ 3 taller and taller 4 older than me No, he hasn't come in yet. 5 stronger than 6 ,/ Is Susan in her ofiice yet? 1 faster and faster 2 harder and harder 3 better and better UNIT 72 4 worse and worse 5 thinner and thinner 6 more and t 1 that 2 who/that 3 (who /thtt) 4 (that) more interested 2 1 (thaQ 2 who/that want to go to the football match 1 better 2 worse than 3 better than 4 the worst 3 who/that I invited 4 ./ 5 who/that was sitting in front 5 the best of me 6 that sat on the mat 1 The smaller 2 The sooner 3 The busier 4 The bigger 1 it needs 2 we met 3 you left here 4 I know 5 I have always loved 6 you saw 5 The older 1 who arrive late 2 that sells insurance 3 who came into 5 leldest 2olderthan 3elder...older 4oldest the room 4 who came up to her 5 who was playing the 6 1 morethan. . . C 2lessthan.. . F 3morethan. . .B guitar 6 that are too violent 4morethan. . . A 5 morethan. . . D 6lessthan. . . E 1 He is the only person who/that can help us now 2 The UNIT 70 man who/that had broken into the house was arrested a few t happily 2 ,/ 3 He did his work well 4 well 5 ,/ minutes later 3 They arrested a man who/that was only 16 6./ T mce 8,/ years old 4'Who owns the bracelet that is lying on the 1 fluently 2 fat 3 slowly 4 beautiful 5 nice 6 happily 7 red 8 quickly 9 bad 10 generously 11 excited table? 5 Julia is someone I haven't seen for a long time 6 We are very pleased with the report that has been produced 12 easrly 7 We are very pleased with the woman who/that has been 1 Carol sometimes comes to visit us appointed to the post 8 She wears the finest clothes (that) 2 She likes playing the violin loudly money can buy 9 Those people who/that have suffered 3 Robert has never arrived late at his office 4 He enjoys his work very much from the effects of this crime want the law changed 10 Anyone who/that lives in this area rr.;ay be in danger 11 Look, that's the girl who/that married MichaelJohnson 1.2 Your health is the thing that matters most of all 192

UNIT 73 UNIT 75 7 1 where 2 (-) 3 which 4 (-) 1 1 more comfortable 2 x pretl1 as . . . the most intelligent 2 1, ,/ 2 where she lives? 3 who/that came to see me 3 the silliest 4 the most interesting 5 thinner than . . . 4 we went with 5 who/that I work with taller 6asmuch. .as 1 (-) 2 thtt/which 3 where 4 that/which 5 (-) 2 1 who/that/ (-) 2 which/thtt 3 where 4 who/that 6 where 7 (-) 8 where 9 thatlwhich 5 which/that/(-) 6 who/that 7 which/that 8 where 9 who/that/ (-) 1 That's the rnagtzine het been looking for 2You should use words you are familiar with 1 The sooner the better . . . go bad 2 fxter and faster 3 The people I talk to usually speak English 3 did their best . . as good as new 4 The house I live in is on the corner of the street 5 The people I live with are very friendly 1 better than . . . not as good aslworse than 2 better than . . . not as good aslworse than 3 the best 4 the worst (Suggested answers) 1 I come from 2I trarned for 3 we live in 4 I could talk to 5 you were talking about 5 better than . . . better than 6 he plays for 7 I introduced you to? t he hasn't started yet 1 This is the university where I studied 2 The first person who/that gives the right answer will get the prize 3 They het still getting dressed asked a woman who/that didn't know the answer 4I arn he's already dressed 2 he hasn't started yet looking for a shop which/that sells postcards 5 That's the heb still doing it hospital where I did my training 6 Coke is a drink (th\"Q he's already done it you can buy anywhere 7 He is going to marry a girl 3 they haven't started yet who/that is French 8 I want to see a film which/that has a they are still playing it hrppy ending they have already finished playing 61made 2with 3wearing 4standing UNIT 74 UNIT 76 1 1 sitting 2 in 3 parked 4 crying? 5 The woman 1 1 How 2 ,/ 3 How old 4 ./ 5 How many people 2 1 What 2'Where 3'What 4'Why 5'When 6 How 2 1, ,/ 2 The money stolen 3 ,/ 4 ,/ under the tree 6 a young girl sitting 1 -What time 2 How often 3 How big 4'What colour 5 How old 6'What . . . like 1 I can hear someone shouting outside in the street 4 1 How many 2 How much 3 How much 4 How n;a;rty 2I've got a brother working for British Airways 5 A1 'W.hat was her name? 2What was she like? 3-Where 3 I looked round and saw somebody following me was she born? 4'W'here did she live? 5 How old was she? 4 Yesterday I received a letter inviting me to an old friend's 6 How tall was she? 7 What colour hair did she have? wedding 8 How often did she go riding? 5 A plane carrying emergency food supplies landed at 5.30 B 1 How did she feel? 2'What was she wearing? 3'Who did she see? 4'What was he like? 5'W.hat did she do? 1 'We supply video recorders made inJapan 2 This 6'W.hat are princesses like sometimes? bookseller sells books printed in other languages 3 Last night I saw an old Italian film called \"Bicycle Thieves\" UNIT 77 4'W'hen I got home I saw a car parked in my driveway 5 The two boys found a cash register stolen from a nearby 1 1No, Ihaven't 2./ 3,/ 4SodidI 5Yes, Ido 6 I hope not 7 ,/ 8,/ restaurant 2 t he can 2 they didn't 3 it has 4 he does 5 they aren't 1 The rescue services give help to people in danger 2 The 6 it wasn't 7 yor should 8 I would man on the roof asked the boy in the garden to help him 3 1 was 2 did 3 are 4 is 5 can 6 will 4 1 So will 2 Nor did 3 So are 4 So must 5 Nor do 3 There's a shop across the street where you can buy a 6 Nor will 7 So do 8 So have hamrner and nails 4 The man at the front is taller than the 1 I expect so 2I'rn afraid not 3 I hope not girl behind him 5 The two doctors in the ward were 4 I don't think so 5 I'm afraid so 6 I don't think so discussing a patient 7.We hope so 1 The house that was damaged in the storm is being repaired 2 Wait! I can see a cat under your car 3 I could hear an alarm bell ringing insistently 4 There was a man standing there looking at me. 5 The money stolen by somebody last weekend has been returned. 193

UNIT 78 UNIT 81 1 1 aren't you 2 ,/ 3 ,/ 4 isn't she 5 ,/ 6 didn't they t 1,/...,/...,/ 2,/...,/...drive 3will ...,/ (/ ... could) 4,/ .../ ...were 5,/ ...unless . - -,/ 2 didn'tyou . . . haven'twe . . . won'tyou . . . didn'tyou haven'tyou... didn'tyou.. . didn'twe. .. didn'tyou 2 1 wili pass 2 practise 3 win 4 will do 5 will earn 6 will buy 7 I will become can'tyou . . . can we . . . won'tyou . . . have we 3 2 He would be a guitarist in a rock band if he practised, but willyou... didn'tyou... didyou. . aren'twe 3 1 wasn't it 2 does it 3 isn't she 4 won't you 5 didn't we he doesn't 3 If he won the lottery he would to to Mexico, 6 won't he but he won't win 4 He would do a paper round if he got up 4 1 isn't it 2 aren't you? 3 will she? 4 isn't he? 5 wasn't it? early, but he doesn't 5 If he got a job he would earn a lot of 6 will we 7 didn't he money, but he won't get a job 6 If he would earn a lot of UNIT 79 money, he would buy a motor boke, but he won't 7 He 7 1 I'11 go 2 don't drive 3 phones 4 I'11wait would become a racing driver if he bought a bike, but I hope 2 lknock ...,/ 2,/ ..../ 3,/ ...willtalk 4,/ ...,/ he won't 5 ,/ .. . have 4 1 unless 2 as long as 3 as long as 4 unless 5 unless 3 1 take 2 increases 3 drink 4 catch 6 as long as 7 unless 4 1 Stand 2 shows 3 rises 4 watt 51if...wrote 2lf ...will haveto 3Unless...go 4If . .. followed 5 will not bite . . . unless 6If . .. would 5 1 will lose 2 crn come 3 must stop 4 rnay go go 7 as long as 8 would keep . . . if 9If . .. went 6 1 can get 2 Will you promise . . . help 3 Wait/You must 10 will never get . . . unless 11, if .. . goes 12 unless . . . wait... want 4aren't... mustgo 5will learn... is has 6 follow . . won't 7 do . . . ca;rtwatch 8 have . . . may phone 9 will hear . . . attend 10 read . . . will understand UNIT 82 UNIT 80 I 1,,/ 2bttt 3./ 4so l 1 took 2 practised 3 would give 4 would play 2 1 when.. . and. .so...and 2fufter. ..so...and... 2 lasked ...,/ 2,/ .../ 3,/ ...wouldask 4,/ ...,/ but . . . so . . . and. . . so 3 and. . . before . . . but. . . After. . . and 4when. . . After. . . so. . . and. . .But 5got...,/ 5 so . . . and. . . After. . .When. . . and 6so...'When...and 1 would taste 2 spoke 3 would easily pass 4 saw 1 Sam asked Carol to meet him outside the college at 6 pm 5 would go 6 asked 7 would think 8 had and she agreed 2 CarcI waited from 6 to 6.30 but Sam didn't arrive t had . . . would take 2 would get . . . made 3 Sam arrived after she had left 3 played . . . would soon be 4 would sometimes go . . . had 5had...wouldgo 4when. . . After. . so. . . and. . .But 1 If I caught an earlier bus, I would get to work on time 5 Sam asked her again but she was annoyed with him so she 2 If I got to work in good time, I would not have arguments with the boss refused 3 If I took a short lunch break, I would keep up to date with the work UNIT 83 4If I kept my desk tidy, I would not lose letters 5 If I learnt how to use the computer, I would not delete files I From left to right: 3,2, 1. by accident 2 1 since 2 as soon as 3 while 4 until 6 If I listened to the boss's instructions, I would not make so 3 1 until you come 2 ,/ 3 He has been living here since many mistakes 4./ 1 If I went to bed earlier, I would feel fresher in the morning 1 since 2 :ur;rtll 3 since 4 until 5 until 6 since 7 until 8 since 9 since 10 until 2If I did exercises in the morning, I would feel a lot healthier 1 while 2 as soon as 3 as soon as 4 as soon as 5 while 3 If I didn't eat so many biscuits, I would lose some weight 6 while 7 as soon as 8 as soon as 9 while 10 as soon as 4 If I didn't drink so much coffee, I wouldn't feel so nervous 11 while 12 as soon as 5 If I drank more water, I would iook better A 1 while C 2 as soon as A 3 untilB 4 since D 6 If I ate more green vegetables, I would have a better skin B 1 until C 2 since D 3 as soon as A 4 while B 194

UNIT 84 bridge ceiling set date wln mean bread break 1 A 1 Robert Carol ...Thursday dinner people Thames raise 2It live field a;ny paid 3 They. . .Jurassic Park mat month cough bought bad colour B 1 Summer. . .Jr1y. . . August. . . Mondays man Sunday doll water fat country collar 2 French. . . Spanish . . .Jrly. . Korean. . .Japanese mad sad does . . . August love call 3 They. . . Tower. . . London. . . Buckingham Palace knowledge door pot born 4The...Sunday dog 5 The . . . (Director) . . . DrDean. . . (Director) . . . talk (Studie$ . . . Ms Susan Bletchley. 2 h) d) s) 0 b) e) f) a) c) UNIT 86 3 1 We went to Greece for a week, which was very nice, but it 1 A lunless 2if 3Aslongas 4unless 5aslongas 6if B 1 you must wash 2had 3 boils 4 would say 5 went rainedl 6 will phone 7 Read 8 explained 2 I enjoyed meeting Peter and Sue very much. Peter was very 2 A Before...where...until .. .after...when B'While . . . but. . . As soonas ..so. .slnce nice, and she tried to be helpful. 3 Carol was on time for once (she's always late), so we started 3A Howmany... Howmuch ..I have . . . to play. (Jnfortunately, I lost every game. 'HWohwat.....H. loikwe ..... . How 4 We wondered if you were coming; did you get our message? 4 1 Robert and Carol went to the shops and they bought a lot B old. . . I thinkso . . . I hope so C of items: Robert bought fwo shirts and a pair of shoes and . When. . . I hopeso . . I didn't. . .??? Carol bought a sweater, a blouse and a necklace. They got home quite late. 2 The last time that I saw Robert was ear\\July. He still had long hair. \"When are you going to the hairdressers,\" I asked him. \"Don't you like it?\" he said. \"'W'e11, not much,\" I replied. Then he asked me for the name of a hairdresser and I gave him the name of one (my own). I hope he goes. 3 John and I were walking down Oxford Street when a stranger came up and spoke to us. \"Excuse me,\" he said \"Can you tell me where I can buy some film for my camera?\" John and I look at each other. \"I'm not sure,\" I said. \"Perhaps you could try in Selfridges.\" \"No, I don't think they sell film there,\" saidJohn. \"Look! There's a carrlera shop over there on the other side of the street. Why don't you try there?\" The stranger thanked us and walked across the street. UNIT 85 1 Babies don't each sandwiches! 2 The boys told us good stories. 3 The dentists examined the children's teeth. 4 They kept the flies in boxes. 5 The men came from different countries. 6 There were safes in the offices and the thieves opened them. 7 The men's wives put the ties in the suitcases. 8 The chiefs of the tribes had different beliefs. mining. . . floated. . . biggest. . . runnirg. . . funnier . . . swimrning . . . happier . . . saddest . . . called . . . playing . . . wondered . . . rudest . . . fill leave friend say sit seat said eight 195

First published 1995 by Phoenix ELI Campus 400, Spring Way Maylands Avenue, Hemel Hempstead Hertfordshfue, HP2 7EZ A division of Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd @ Text,John Shepherd, 1995 @ International Book Distributors Ltd, 1995 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1P 9HE. Typeset in Bembo. by Microset Graphics Ltd., Basingstoke Printed and bound in Great Britain by The Devonshire Press Ltd, Torquay, Devon Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data British Librery Cataloguing in Publication Dara A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Llbrary ISBN 0 13 238767 0 (with key) ISBN 013 238759 X (without ke, 54321, 1999 98 97 96 95