Multi-Level-Eng-Gra2

Couldn't and Managed To @ Complete these sentences using COULDN'T and the same verb which is used in the first half of the sentence. 1 'We managed to drive in the dark, but we ...... in the fog. 2 She managed to finish the food, but she ...... her coffee. 3 She managed to read the headlines, but she ... .. the text. 4 I managed to walk five miles, but I .............. ten. @ Rewrite these sentences to say the opposite, using MANAGED T0. 1 He couldn't pay his bills. Although he was \"broke\", he ... 2 She couldn't walk home. In spite of her accident, she .. 3 I couldn't persuade him to help. Although he is a difficult person, I ..... 4 I couldn't find the ring I had dropped. Although it was quite dark, I ..... 5 She couldn't persuade him to wait. Although he was very annoyed, she @ Choose between COULD and MANAGED T0 according to whether the sentence is about a general ability, or a specific achievement on a specific occasion. 1 Mozart .... .. play the piano brilliantly when he was only 5, and by the age of 16 he ...... find employment in Salzburg. . 2 Maria Walewska ..... . translate Hamlet into Polish, which meant she .... . read English well. 3 Peter .... drive well, and he saved up his money and .. .... brry a second-hand car. 4 Maria Braun ...... get a place in the Royal Ballet School; she ... ... dance beautifully, which explains why. 5 Fred ...... walk by the time he was one year old; he ..... . climb out of his cot on his second birthday. 6 Sergei ..... play football like a professional, and he .............. get a place in the Dynamo team. only speak German to an intermediate 7 I .............. translate the poem, although I ..... 1eve1. @ Choose between COULD and MANAGED T0 according to whether the verb is one of the \"perception\" verbs or not (use COULD if possib,e). 1 I am rather short, but I ..... see the procession because I stood on a box. 2 I didn't feel at all welI, but I ...... gelthe work finished on time. 3 Stephen .. hear what she said on the phone to his brother because she spoke very loudly. 4 After facing great difficulties, Christopher Columbus ..... reach America. 5 \"Did you like the soup?\" \"Yes, I .............. taste the onion in it.\" 6 When the car broke down, I ..... . repalr 1t. 7 The springs on the car were so bad that I ...... feel every bump in the road. 47

\\Vill Should May (Shouldn't) 'W'on't (probability) Look at Robert's guest list, and study the text below. Qy,Z Nigel and Fiona will definitely come to the party; Samantha should be there too, because she usually comes. Alan and Athene tnay eotne, but it depends on the baby-sitter. Mrs Jenlzins won't conxe; she hates parties. O Now complete these sentences in the same wdy, using WILL, SHOULD, MAY or WON'T. 1 Susan ... pass; she's a terrible student. 2 Ji- . ..... pass; he's not very good, but he's better than Susan' 3 Peter ... pass; he's a reasonably good student. 4 Eddie ...... certainly pass; he's an excellent student. USE 'We use these words to say if we think something will happen or not: A 'We use 'WILL or 'WON'T when we are sure of something: The sun will rise tomorrow. Don't worry, my dog won't bite You! B -We use SHOULD when we think something is probable, but we are not completely sure: Your car should work now, Mrs Jones. 'We also use SHOLILD in the negative: You shouldn't have any more trouble, Mrs Jones. C -We use MAY when we think something is possible, but we don't have a clear idea: The weather is changeable; it may rain. (or it may not!) 'We use these words in other ways too: For'WILL compared with other future forms, see Unit 18. For SHOULD in \"You shouldn't smoke\", see USE box in Unit 25, note B. For MAY in \"May I sit here?\", see USE box, IJnit26, noteD. Good English? ln these sentences, three of the verbs underlined are correct, two are strange in meaning and two arewronginform.(1)Markeachsentence/(right),?(strangemeaning)orX(wrongform)'(2) Rewrite the stran ge/wrong sentences. 1 She not will be late. 2 That should work because it's broken. 3 She won't finish in time; it's already too late. 4 He malrs be here in half an hour. 5 They may want another helPing. 6 He can swim well . . . so he will drown. 48

True Or Not? @ First, you have to complete these sentences with WILL or WON'T. 1 Fred ...... be 1.4 years old next month. 2 Auntie Mabel ...... go to Fredt birthday; she hates parties. 3 I am sure I ...... see him again tomorrow; he's always here. 4 You .. .... like what I am going to say, but your room is a mess. 5 They ...... be here at 6 as they said because the plane has been delayed. 6 If there isn't a \"securiry alert\" on the underground, I ..... arrive at about 7 o'clock. Certain, Probable, Or Possible? @ Now complete these sentences with WILL, SHOULD or MAY. 1 \"I'm really worried about my exam; I ... ... fail.\" 2 \"Mr Smith, I am worried about my exams; do you think I ..... . pass?\" 3 \"'We11, you've done quite a lot of work, so you . ..... pass, but you can never be sure.\" 4 \"I hope we .. .... find seats at the concert; I haven't bought the tickets yet.\" 5 \"-We11, I think we .. .... get in because het not as popular as he 'was.\" 6 \"However, 'we ...... have a problem. If we do, we can go for a meal instead.\" Frorn Certain To Irnpossible @ Now, you have to rewrite these sentences, using WILL, SHOULD, MAY SHOULDN'T or WON'T. 1 The Queen is certain to arrive at2.1,5. The Queen ... 2 She is certain not to arrive late; she is always punctuai. She . 3 I think your car will be ali right now. Your car .. 4 I don't think you'l1 have any more trouble with it. You . 5 Rain is possible, so take your umbrel1a. It ... 6 About d20 wlll probably be enough for your expenses. About d20 7 I don't think he'll be late today; het usually on tlme. He. B He is certain not to cry; he never does. He .. A Conversation On the Telephone @ Read this conversation, and complete it with the most suitable word. Some alternatives are possible. will should may (not) won't I Hello, Mrs Johnson, is Carol there please? V No, Jill, she's not. She ... . definitely be home later, but I'm not sure what time. She ...... be home by eight, I think. I ...... she be in tomorrow morning? V No, she ......; shet going to have her hair done. I'm not sure what-herplans are in the afternoon. She .... be in, but equally she ..... . . You never know with Carol! I -We11, I ..... . probably call her then; I ..... . be going out tomorrow afternoon, I don't think. ,\".49

Have to Should Don't have to (obligation - 1) Read these paragraphs, noticing especially the words in bold type. 'When you go on a trip from London to Paris, you have to buy a ticket. You should change some money before you go, but it's not vital. You don't have to buy insurance if you don't want to. You don't have to take the ferry to France these days; you can take the Eurostar through the tunnel. You have to board the train 15 minutes before departure, and you should take enough clothes to wear in Paris. If you write to your friends in Paris, you have to put a stamp on the letter. You should use the postcode if you know it. You don't have to write your address on the back, but some people do. O Now complete each sentence with the best phrase from the box, in your opinion. Use each phrase once. When you go to the swpermarket, 1 you ..... bry anything if you don't want to. 2 you . .....pay for your goods. 3 you . ..... be polite to the cashier. This unit and the next one are about how you talk about rules, obligations and optlons. USE OBLIGATORY Imagine a line from OBLIGATORY to OPTIONAL- DESIRABLE OPTIONAL A We have to be there at 6.30 to catch the plane. I You have to stop at a red light. There is nothing to discuss! + (We often use HAVE TO and MUST to mean approximately the same.) i You should clean your teeth after a meal. Fred should wash his face; look at it! These are desirable, but not obligatory; there's no law about cleaning teeth! You don't have to wear a suit. She doesn't have to eat it all. These activities are specifically not obligatory. MUST, HAVE TO and HAVE GOT TO These three phrases mean approximately the same, but you can only use MUST and HAVE GOT TO in the present tense: He'll have to fly to Paris next month. He has tolhas got tolmust fly to Paris today. He had to fly to Paris last month. See also MUST (deduction) in Untt 27 . Good English? @ ln these sentences two of the underlined parts are correct and two are wrong. Tick (/) the correct ones, and rewrite the others. 1 Mary will have to do that tomorrow. 2 I must go; it's late. 3 I had got to finish last night. 4 You haven't to wear a tie if you don't want to. 50

Dtiving When you are driuing, some rules are obligatory and others are optional. @ Complete these sentences with HAVE T0, SHOULD, or DON'T HAVE T0. 1 You ...... stop at a green traffic light. 2 You . 3 You . ..... stop at a red traffic ligh 4 You . ..... stop at an amber traffi.c light if you have time. 5 You . ..... wear a seat belt in the UK. 6 You . 7 You . ..... wear a suit when you are driving! ..... drive more carefully when itt raining. ..... keep your headlamps on during the day if the light is poor. Playing Football When you're playingfootball, you haue to do some things, but others are optional. What is your opinion? @ Make up sentences with HAVE T0, SHOULD, or DON'T HAVE T0, and phrases from the box. game bootshave a shower after the play as well as you can time ruleskeep quiet all the stay for the party afterwards wear football obey the 2 3 4 5 6 .....:.. fn the Oftice When Robert is in his ofice, he has to do some things, and he has a choice with others. @ Complete these sentences with HAVE T0, SHOULD, or DON'T HAVE TO and a verb from the box. 1 He ...... conscientiously all day. barrive stay work 2 He .. .... on time; if he doesn't, his pay is deducted. 3 He .. .... after work to do overtime. 4 He ... ... polite to his colleagues. do be work 5 He .. ... in silence. 6 He .. .... what the manager tells him to do. Fred At Horne When Fred is at home by himself, his mother leaues instructions about what he has to do, and some choices. @ Rewrite these sentences with HAVE T0, SHOULD, or DON'T HAVE T0. 1 Close the front doorl 2 It doesn't matter whether you draw the curtarns. 3 It's better to switch the lights off. . 4 Don't worry about the cat: I'11 feed her later\" 5 Take your key with you! . 6 I prefer you to do your homework before you go out. . 51

Have to Should(n't) Can('t) Don't have to (obligation-2) Study the sentences below. 'You cant't smoke in the library.\" 'You shouldn't talk loudly-\" 'You haae to carry your paSS.\" 'You don't haae to wear a tie.\" 'You can. bring uisitors.\" 'You should tallz quietly.\" o Now complete these six sentences, in the same way, using each phrase in the box once: When you uisit the British Museum . . . 1 You ...... take the exhibits home with you! 2 You .. .... stay as long as you like. 3 You . ..... bry a ticket; admission is free. 4 You ..:........... make a lot of noise. 5 You .... .. leave at 6 prn, when the museum closes. 6 You . ..... always talk quietly in a museum. This unit and the previous one are about how you talk about rules, obligations and options. Imagine a line from OBLIGATORY through OPTIONAL to FORBIDDEN. A We have to be there at 6 to catch the plane. (Unit 25) B They should be more friendly. (Unit 25) C You don't have to wear a suit. (Unit 25) D You can sit here. FIe can watch us if he wants to. These are optional activities; you can do them or not as you wish. In formal situations, we sometimes use MAY in this way. You shouldir't make so much noise. They shouldn't stand there; we can't see. These activities are not desirable. You can't park there! Tel1 him he can't smoke in here! These activities are not allowed. For note on MUST, HAVE TO and HAVE GOT TO, see Unrt25. Good English? @ ln these sentences two of the underlined parts are correct, two are grammatically correct but sound strange, and two are grammatically wrong. Tick (/) the correct ones, and rewrite the others. 1 You shouldn't be polite to your family. 2 You don't have to get up early on Sundays. 3 He doesn't should do that! 4 They has to be here at 6 arrr. 5 You have to show your passport at Passport Control. 6 You have to wear a hat in London. 52

Ledbury: Do's and Don'ts In Public Places Here is a chart of five places in Ledbury where you can gol The Cinema, The Art Gallery, The Park, The Football Stadium and The Concert Hall. Obligatory Desirable Allowed No/ Discowraged Forbidden smoke obligatory Cinema buy a ticket talk touch the copy the arrlve on parntmgs Art leave bags palntlngs tlme talk loudly pick the etc. at follow a flowers Gallery cloakroom fixed route The use the litter keep walk on the walk on the Park children bins under grass paths Football provided control Stadium arrlve ln bring your shout abuse throw bottles Concert good time own at the other at the referee refreshments spectators Hall talk arrlve on bring wear a sult tlme chocolates @ Look at the chart, and then complete the sentences below with appropriate forms (affirmative or negative) of words from the box. I tohave should can I I The Rex Cinema A 1 You ...... bry a ticket before entering the cinema. 2 You .... . smoke in the cinema. 3 You . ..... arrive on time. 4 You . ..... talk during the film. B The Ledbury Art Callery 1 You ...... make copies of the paintings if you wish. 2 You .. .... follow a fixed route through the gallery. 3 You .. ... talk loudly while in the gallery. 4 You . .... leave bags and umbrellas in the cloakroom. 5 You ... . touch the paintings. C Ledbury Park 1 You ...... pick the flowers. 2 You .. ... walk on the grass if you wish. 3 You . ..... walk on the paths. 4 You . ..... put all rubbish in the litter brns. 5 You . ..... keep children under control. D Ledbwry Football Stadium E Ledbury Hall Concert 1 You t You .... arrive in good time. 2 You . 3 You . 2 You ... ... bring your own refreshments if you wish. 4 You .. 3 You .... . shout abuse at other spectators. 4 You ..... . throw bottles at the referee. 53

-;a ^^ Rf \"What can, that noise be?\" \"It must be a train.\" uNo, it can't be a train. They don't use this track a.ny more.\" O Now complete the following sentences in the same way, with CAN, MUST or CAN'T. Sssssssssssssssssssssssss / / / 1 -What ...... that noise be? 2 It .... .. be a snake! 3 Don't be silly; this is London. It .... .. be a snake. 4 'We1l, it .... .. be Robert; het too grown up. 5 I know; it .... be Fred! This unit is about guessing, or deduction. USE A -We use CAN to ask a question about the identiry of something or somebody; it's an invitation for the other person to guess: (There\\ a knock on the door.) Who can it be? Look at that strange animal! 'W'hat on earth can it be? I\\ote: \"-What on earth..?\" is more emphatic than \"'What..?\" B 'We use MUST when we are guessing, or deducing, from what we can see or hear: Who can that be? It must be John. Nobody else would wear such a funny hat. It -What's that noise? must be the wind. C 'We use IT when we are identi$ring a person or a thing: Who can rt/that be? flMho can he be?) It must be John. (I He must be John.) It's John. Itb a manuscript. It must be a manuscript. Good English? (^ ln these sentences three of the underlined parts are correct and three are wrong. Tlck (/) the v correct ones, and rewrite the others. 1 'What that can be? 2 It must be the wind. 3 And who can that be? ;...... 4 I can hear something; he nrust be the milkman. 5 -IWt'sh6atoc'calnocthka; tthfuantnclarnsmbeelJl obhen?. 6 54

Mixed Bug @ You have to complete the following sentences with MUST or CAN'T. 1 That ...... beJohn; itt too soon for him to be here. 2 Peter ...... be home by now; itt already gone seven. 3 This . ..... be Tinat house; there's her car outside. 4 There's a pram outside the house next door; our new neighbour ...... have a baby. 5 The babyt not eating her food; she .. .... be hungry. 6 He never leaves the house until nine, so his class . ..... start at nine; it .... .. start later. 7 She is reading a French newspaper, so she ...... know French. 8 You've just slept for ten hours, so you ...... possibly be tired! 9 The manager has given her a 20%o rrse; she .. .... be a good worker. Vhat Can They All Be? @ Here are three scenes, all starting with a question: what, or who is it? Complete these sentences with words or phrases from the box: .What ...... this be? ..... be a carneta. 1 ... be a carnera; it hasn't got a lens! 2 Ja No, . 'What ...... that be? 4 5 I know! ..... be a giraffe. 6 Don't be silly; ..... be a grraffe' its neck is too short! 7 -Who's that? I don't know. -Who be? B It .... .. be Charlie; he usually comes on Thursdays. 9 Don't be sill1,, dear; ..... be Charlie; today is'Wednesday. Strange Noises In the Johnson House! It is euening in the Johnson household, and strange noises can be heard. What/who can it be? @ Complete these sentences with words or phrases from the box. ;il;1 ;,*\" il, ;;;; o\" can can't must on earth it 2 't:::: :: \":: ::t:: #i::.:3 Ja No, no, .... be Fred; het asleep. Look at the time. 4 Oh, in that case .... be Robert. He's probably singing. 5 Singing! He ... ... be dying, to make a noise like that! 6 I know, ..... be Dennis, playing his harmonica. 7 How awful! He .. .... possibly play so badly! @ Finally, you have to write questions or answers for these four sentences, using CAN, MUST etc. as appropriate. Use the information given in brackets. 1a I don't know. I think ii -r, U. ifr. *ira t, ,fr. ;;r. 2 ? b 2a b It may be Susan. She said she might come round. 3a b i ,rri\"r.,rr., ,* .rri-p*r..r, u\", i'; r\"; ,r.;. 4a /.... ../.. ..../. b (not radio; haven't got one; probably television) 55

Can Could Muy 'Would you like (invitations, requests) This unit is about invitations, requests, offers, and asking permission. We use similar expressions in all these situations. INVITATIONS 'When we want to invite someone to something, we often use expressions and responses like these: 'Would you like to have lunch with me? Not: X Do you like . . ? Thank you, I'd love to! Thank you, I'm afraid I can't. REQUESTS 'When we want to ask for something, we often use expressions and responses like these: Can I come with you? Could you (possibly) show me how to save a document? Yes, certainly/of course . . . I'rn sorryr l'rn aftaid not/I can't. etc. M\"y I . . ? is a formalway ofsaying \"Can I . . ?\" OFFERS When we offer to help someone, or give them something, we often use expressions like these: 'Would you like a cup of coffee? 'Would you like me to help you? Thanks, I'd like one. Thanks, that's very kind of you. etc. No thanks, I've just had one. No thanks, I can manage. No thanks, I'rn OK. etc. PERMISSION 'When we ask permission to do something, we often use expressions and responses like these: Can I sit here? Could I sit here? Yes, certainly/of course . . . f'rn sorry, I'tn afraid not. Do you rnind if I sit here? No, not at all. (= \"y.t, you can sit here\") Yes, I'rn afraid someone . . . (= \"no, you can't sit here\") A note on SAYING \"THANK YOI-J\" When we say \"thank you\". . . the way we say it depends on how important the favour was, and who we are speaking to (a stranger, a friend, a superior, a colleague): Xll ,,0..u o you. 56

e ln these situations, you have to (1)complete the invitation or offer etc., and (2) choose an appropriate answer from the box. Yes, madam, they're over there. 0h yes, l'd love to. l'm afraid I can't on Wednesday. Yes please, thanks. can.Yes, of course, you Yes, certainly. 1 Robert is going to a concert tonight. He wants to ask Sue to go with him. Would you ... . .......... ? 2 Carol requests perrnission to sit next to a lady in a lecture. Excuse me, could ...... ? 3 Fred is lost. He wants to get to Stratton Street, and he asks a man in the street. Excuse me, can you . .......... ? 4 Robert sees a friend without a car, and offers him a ride to the tennis club. Hello, would you . ........... ? 5 Auntie Mabel wants some airmail envelopes, and she asks the shop assistant. Can I ......... ? 6 Victoria wants to invite her friendJosephine to come round for lunch next-Wednesday. 'Would you .. ..... ? (No) @ ln these situations, you have to (1)write outthe invitation or offer etc., and(2) choose an appropriate answer from the box. Yes, certainly, madam.. Yes, I don't need it this morning. Yes, l'd love one. How nice! All right, but just today. All right, but don't lose it! 1 Fred has forgotten his pen, and wants to borrow one from the teacher. ...... ? 2 Robert wants to leave early today, but he has to ask his boss's permission. 3 ;;,,,au.i;;i;;;;; ;;;i;; il';;'.*;: .o*.,,a;;;*,.r,;h;;. the weekend ... '. ? 4 A friend of Victoriat has just arrived. She offers her friend a cup of coffee. 5 ;t.;;;,\"*;;;; ;; ;i;;;,; ;; ;;;; ;;i;il;; i\",,,;; lr,.;;;;;;; -,r.. her request ..... ? 6 Itt raining, and Victoria wants to borrow Carolt umbrella for the morning. 2 @ rnthese,it,ution,;;; ;;;; ,; ,;;;';;,;;;;,ion0,..,,.,.,.,,,0,r, .n.,seany appropriate answer (in number 6 the answer is given). 1 Fred is sitting in the doctorb waiting room, which is full. An old man comes in, and Fred offers him his seat. .............. ? (Y.r) ... 2 Carol is inviting Stephen to go with her to Brighton for the day. 3 ;.;;,; i; #;;,;;i; *,ir, r,i,;;;;; -; i\"\"!Yf;;;, ,,a;;t;;i;,can exprain how to get started. ..... ? [.r) ... 4 lJncle Victor has forgotten his pen, and he wants to borrow one from his friend Arthur. s R;;;;;; ;;; ,..u.,*;;;;h. ;il; i; ;.;,i *,,fT],;.; -; \"nb;,,. nap him ?........... Er).... 6 Victoria wants to park in front of the shop, and she asks the shopkeepert permission. ........... ? No, not at (:a11,. Y.r) Do ........

Review: all tnodal verbs ln this unit we review all the modal verbs and other items presented in Units 22 - 27 . Ability Probability )bligatton can can't will won't tohave could couldn't may don't have to tomanaged can't should shouldn't shouldn't Deduction lnvitations and Requests must be can be? can't be can could may yes, certainly/of course /would you like l'dhke no, I'm afraid not Ability o Complete these sentences with suitable words or expressions of ability. 1 Robert, I .. .... carry this; it's too hear,ry for me! 2 -When he was young Dennis ...... swim very well. 3 Fred ...... pass his exam last week - nobody knows how! 4 Carol ...... drive when she a young girl, but she can now. Probability @ Complete these sentences with suitable words or expressions of probability. 1 \"Is Carol punctual?\" \"'W.eI[, you never know with Carol; she .. .... be here on time, and then agarr. she .. .... not!\" 2 \"Is Robert punctual?\" \"Yes, usually; he ... ... be here on time.\" You don't think he'll be late?\" \"'We11, he ... ... be late!\" 3 \"Is Victoriapunctual?\" \"Yes, always. She. ..... be here on time, you canbe sure of that.\" 4 \"Is (Jncle Victorpunctual?\" \"No, never! He .. .,.. be here on time, you canbe sure of that.\" Obligation o Complete these sentences with suitable words or expressions of obligation. 1 I'rn sorry, you .. .... go in there, it's not allowed. 2 The atmosphere in my office is very informal. You . ..... a jacket and tie if you don't want to. 3 You . ..... eat so much; you'll put on weight. 4 \"Can you stay for supper?\" \"No, I ..... . go now or I shall be late home.\" Deduction, Invitations and Requests @ Complete these sentences with suitable words or expressions of deduction, invitailons and reguests. ......John, he always gets home about this time.\" 1 I can hear someone knocking.\" \"It 2 \"'W'hat's the time?\" \"It's 5 o'cIock.\" \"-What? It ..... . 5 o'clock! Have we been here that long?\" 3 \"Dennis is home!\" \"No, he ... ... home yet; it's too early.\" 4 \"'W'hat's the time?\" \"I'fil. not sure, but it ...... about 6 o'clock.\" 5 Excuse me, . ..... I sit here for a moment? 58

ri?,. rn )),if\", ll;'a>;, ra,l. An Invitation To a Graduation i;'u\"! ;;i!;:) ,,. @ Complete this dialogue with suitable words or expressions from the expressions listed at the top of the previous page. A There is a'Wknohcok on It\\the door at the Johnson's house. 10 o'clock at night. Victoria .... that ...... ? It's late! Dennis It ..... my old friend Charles. He said he would come round with an invitation for his sont graduation party. (He opens the door,) Dennis Hello, Charles! come in? Charles , but just for a few minutes; it's late. Victoria a cup of coffee? Charles a cup of tea instead? I Dennis 'mWe hawaatke. ...... we do for you, Charles? Charles come to my son's graduation parfy next weekend? Victoria How nice! Dennis 'IWs itea1v1er,y formal occasion? wear Charles a dinner jacket, because itt in the morning, but I think most men ..... wear a jacket and tie. Victoria Of course, Dennis, you .. ... go to a graduation parry in a bathing costume! Dennis .... take Auntie Mabel and (Jncle Victor with us? Charles No, .. . ; I've only got four places for your family. But .. .......... to invite Robert and Carol. Victoria I'm not sure about Robert; he .... come. He .... go to Paris on business next weekend. ... tell me about Robert now, but . . you phone Charles 'We11, you ...... me tomorrow morning and tell me? Victoria I ...... ..... (NO), because ... to teach all morning, but I phone you in the afternoon. 'Will that be all right? Charles , but how about Carol? Victoria I ..... ...... Carol ...... go. Next weekend she weekend; she's taking an exam on Monday. Victoria ........ [ES) Charles Right, I must go now and thanks for the coffee! \"2 e ,i;; '3:!.';,'a' ;ia tq?.t @ \"') :i: ..r,t ror t 4\":\" 4 '. @ Complete this passage and dialogue with suitable words or expressions from the expressions listed at the top of the previous page. Fred likes climbing trees. 'When he was younger, he often tried to climb the big tree in Monica's garden, but he ... . But yesterday he ... . get to the top of the tree. At that moment, Monica came out. \"Fred!\" she said. \"You ....... .... be up there. You her!\" \"You ..... come down at once! Your mother .............. .. be very angry when I teil .. tell her,\" said Fred, \"I . ... hurt myself. I climb ,;\"r;, ::....:::::....:::: :'::. down now!\" Monica shouted, and Fred started to climb down. He :;:ltffi'-.\"J1;,3T.lTl\"',i;;;:; il;;;;;;ffi.t:L:::llJfJli;rr.d on her shoulders; that was how he .... get down.

Coffee is rna de at lL -(passive 1) Look at these pictures, and read the sentences below. OT{ PARL€ FRAN(AIS French is usually spohen here. The phone wire was eut while Tbday, Eruglish is being spoken. the meeting usas being arraruged. USE A -We use the PASSIVE when the important question is'WHAT IS DONE? (not: who does it?): English (is) spoken here [by somebody, but the person is not important]. B -We also use the PASSM when the important thing is'WHEN? or OF WHAT? etc: The lights are switched on every day at nightfall. This watch is made of plastic and glass. The house was being painted when we arrived. C 'We also use the PASSM when we want to put the person who did something (a famous scientist, writer etc.) at the enil of the sentence: Radium was discovered by Pierre and Marie Curie. Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. Present sirnple the main door. The porter The main door Note: I,Jegatiue: The window is not unlocked Interrogatiue: Is the side door unlocked? Present continuous Dinner Past sirnple the work in good time. They The work in good time. Past continuous the work when we arrived. They The work when we arrived. Good English? o Look at the underlined parts of these sentences. Three of them are correct and three are wrong. Tick (/) the correct ones, and rewrite the others. 4 Portuguese is not spoken in Ecuador. 1 Are the offices cleaned at night? 5 The windows is closed in the evening. 2 It not is made of glass. ....... 6 'Wheat is grown in Fairfield. 3 Do the plants are watered? 60

First, the morning . . . @ You have to rewrite these sentences in the passive. 1 Somebody unlocked the main door. The main door 2 They switched on the lights. 3 They switched off the answerphone. 4 Somebody opened the windows. .Itlow, the euening . (ln the euening, the opposite was done.) @ Now you have to complete these sentences to show the same four actrons in REVERSE (the verbs will be the opposite). ::::::::(crose) 1 The windows were 2 The answerphone 3 The lights 4 The main door @ Look at this map of Sylvania, and complete the sentences. TTOOEFIELD SyrvANrA KEY O : WIIEAT BBNToN @ \\f8 =vECaErAtsL*s ,&fift *MeO,t1UN4/\\T-.A\"nIN1S4-\\ QH., @ = APFLEs' @ = sr\"rEE-P o PENW-ICF @ Sm = cATTLE ffi R.IEHMOND ry @ :4if{ltts =' HoRSes @ c1oLD -- O W = SrLvt'R S @ = coPPEE t O =@ ffi = 641v166r,AS 6@ cAR's @ # = FqRNrtt{P€ 1. ... are reared in Richmond. 5 Cameras ...... in Wilson. 2 ... are made in Penwick. 6 Vegetables ...... in Benton. 3 ...... is mined in the Kent mountains. 7 Sheep ...... in Moorfield. 4 .... is grown in Fairfield. 8 Silver ...... in the Wilcox hills. 9 Furniture 10 Apples 1,1, Copper 1,2 Florses @ Write out the information as complete sentences. Use the passive and BY. 1 The Jupiter Symphony / compos ed / Mozart 2 The part of Henry Y / pleyed / Kenneth Branagh 3 The Schubert songs / will sing / Kiri Te Kanawa 4 \"Gone'With The Wind\" / wrote / Margaret Mitchell 5 Canterbury Cathedral / bs:Irt / 1.4th century / Medieval craftsmen

This can be done (passive - 2) Look at the picture, and study the sentences below. u|' It ean't be dane. It ean be done! Yes, it ean,. No, it ea,tt't. It should be done!! It rnust be done!! o Now complete each sentence with a phrase from the box, accordingto the meaning (grammatically, all phrases are the same). can be should be must be will be 1 \"'When will you do this?\" \"It .. done tomorrow, madam.\" 2 \"This is urgent; the car delivered tomorrow at the latest.\" 3 \"The speech easily changed if you don't like it, Mr President.\" 4 \"Your desk ...... kept reasonably tidy.\" USE A See unit 30 for the way we use the passive, and the form of the passive in present and past tenses. B 'We use modal verbs (*i11, should, can etc.) in the same way in the passive as we do in the active: This work can be done; it's not difficult. The children should be looked after better. We expect that more radios will be sold next year. Do$ rnust be kept on a lead in the park. FORM The form is similar to the passive in Unit 30: They might finish the job by 7 o'clock. The job rnight be finished by 7 o'clock. In the same way: could help =----r- could be helped @ ln the following sentences, three of the underlined phrases are correct and two are wrong. Tick (/) the correct ones, and rewrite the others. 1 The game must be played according to the rules. 2 I think this boat can to be built in three months. 3 He was badly hurt, but it couldnt be helped. 4 Your luggage may be inspected by a customs officer. 62 5 The disease could be curing if we had the right medicine.

@ Complete each sentence with BE and the past participle of a verb in the box. r finish wake repair i canv f11d i j 1 \"I would like to ...... up at7 o'clock tomorrow morning, please.\" 2 The police are looking for the boy everywhere, but he cant 3 The fax machine isn't working; it'Il have to 4 'When she twisted her ankle she couldn't walk, so she had tci 5 This work will not . ..... for a mont at least. ;i hotO expect o rtain tell send i 6 Application forms for the post of personal assistant should ...... 1n to the personnel ofEcer by 15th August. 7 Interviews for the post will ...... in the first week of September. 8 Further information about the post can . ..... by telephoning 063 7645. 9 Candidates will ...... of the result of the interview r,vithin 48 hours. 10 The successfu candidate will . ..... to start work on 1st November. @ Complete these sentences with the passive of the verb in brackets. Use any tense, and SHOULD, MIGHT or WILL if necessary. 1 Rolls Royce makes luxury cars. The first car with this name ...... (nrake) in 1906. 2 Ifyou leave your car unlocked it ...... (steal). 3 The next conference ..... . (hold) in Rome. 4 In Medieval tirnes, cathedrals ..... . (build) slowly, over nlany years. 5 My car ...... (repair) last week, but it'.s not working very well. 6 That light switch ...... (mend); it's dangerous like that. 7 The new governor's ofEces ...... (paint) last week. 8 Potatoes and tobacco ... .. (bring) to Europe from Arnerica. 9 French and Flemish .. ... (speak) in Belgium. 10 \"Is the plane ready to leave?\" \"Yes sir, the luggage ...... (load), and we are ready to take off.\" The Mad, Mad Export Cornpany: Annual Report @ Read this, and then complete the paragraph below it, with suggestions for what to do next year. You CAN USe SHOULD BE and WILL BE. This year 150 refrigerators were exported to Iceland; unfortunately only one was sold. In addition, 2,000 oil heaters were exported to Singapore, but there was no demand. And finally 50,000 umbrellas were sent to Libya, but they were not bought because it didn't rarn.'We decided not to dismiss the manaser -We would like to hear suggestions for our export plans for next year. . . 1 I think the refrigerators ... to Singapore, and then many more 2 I think the oi1 heaters .. to Iceland. 3 I think the umbrellas .. .. to Assam. It rains a lot there. 4 I think the manager .... ! 5 Then perhaps the company . ... able to sell its products. 6 'With a new manager, the company ... successful next year. 7 If we don't do something, the company .... finished rn 1.2 months. 63

Corne in Get down (phrasal verbs - 1) This is a sequence of four units , 32-35, in which you will practise verbs with: in on up back out off down away 32:Unit We present verbs of movement with prepositions which give the direction. 33:Unit We present verbs with UR DOWN, OUT and ON, where the meaning of the preposition is extended, but the verb keeps its meaning. 34:Unit We present24 verbs, where the verb and the preposition together have a new meaning. 35:Unit We present a furth er 24 verbs, as in Unit 34. ln this unit, we present the prepositions of movement as four pairs. IN/OUT out He put his hand in his pocket, and took it out again. off She went in the room, and carrle out a few minutes later. ON/OFF on He took his clothes off and put his pyjamas ott,. They got on at the bus stop, and got offnear the market. UPlDO\\vN down dousn again. up \\ What goes up must come down! (saying) He went up the stairs to the second floor, and lme A\\VAY/BACK away back You can take those books away with !ou, but you must bring them baek next week. o Now you have to complete these sentences with an appropriate word from the box. Each pair of sentences takes one pair of words. inlout on/off 1. a It's warm in the house; you can take your coat ... upldown away/back b It's cold outside; you d better put your coat ....... a Fred climbed . the tree, but then b he couldn't get a Don't throw those papers ...... ; you may need them, b and you'Il never get them if you burn them! a They opened the door of the restaurant and walked again. b but when they saw the crowd they soon walked 64

@ Now complete these sentences with an appropriate word from the box. i- 1 They come every day and take the rubbish b;;k i :. .^.. I i 2 They took the lift and went .. to the top floor i -?I9I ---l 3 The bus stopped and several people got ... 4 \"There's table cloth in the drawer; can you take it ...... ?\" 5 You should take your hat ...... in the house. 6 He put his hand .... his pocket and found a five pound note. 7 'When you've finished using my bicycle, bring it ......'...'... ! 8 \"Fred, are you upstairs?\" \"Yes.\" \"Can you come .............. ?\" 9 Hullo, corne ..... and have a seat. 10 'When he saw the guard, the child turned and ran n Fred got ...... his bicycle and leaned it against the wall. 1,2 \"Goodbye, come ...... and see us next year if you can-\" 13 At 10 o'clock, Robert left the living room, and went ...... to his bedroom. 14 He left his book lying ... the sofa in the living room. 15 He went ...... the stairs agarfl, to get his book. 16 Carol wasn't at home; she had gone ...... with her boyfriend. 1,7 When she heard the sad music, a tear welled up in her eye. She brushed it ...... 18 It is dangerous to push someone ...... the swimming pool. Four Paits Here, you have to choose one of the two prepositions and one of the four verbs for each sentence (use the right form of the verb). @ 0N/0FF -i 1 Shall I take the dust cover offthe computer? No, ...... it i __.,_i i 2 Here comes the bus, be careful when you . ..... the bus at the next stop. 3 'We must be near the centre of the town now; let's . 4 You can ...... the paint ...... with that knife. :i-- - watk--pra I @ lN/OuT 1 ... againl, John! It's good to see you i -ta!e 99'-t --] 2 The wine is in the fridge, can you .... it .... for me? 3 He was so angry, he stood up and 4 You can .... your car ... ... the garage, it'll be safe there. o uPlDOwN i---.,* *Ja:t 1 If prices keep ...... , we shan't be able to afford to eat! I j 2 To get away from the dog, the cat the tree. L qqt - 99- 3 He .... .. the stairs to the office below. 4 Robert, what are you doing on the roof.2 ...... at once! @ AWAY/BACK i--- .ome-dl,i6--j 1 'When they heard the police, the thieves ....... L _l't- ---r.}..! i 2 After fwo years in CanadL ny daughter .... to her old home. 3 After Christmas, you ..... all the decorations for another year. 4 We took the car to Brighton in the morning, and ..... home in the afternoon. 65

Up Down Out On (phrasal verbs - 2) These four words, UP, DOWN, OUT and ON, all go with certain verbs, when they have a general meaning of movement (see Unit 32). ln addition, we use them in other ways, with other meanings. Here are the most common ones: UP \"to approach, to go near\": A little boy ran uP and sPoke to me. : The car drove up to the door and stopped. : \"to finish, to complete\": Drink up your milk. He saved ap d200. DO\\vN : \"writing, making a note\": He wrote down every word she said. If you car't remember, put it down on paper. : \"to destroy, to reduce to its component parts\": They pulled down the old house to make way for a supermarket. OUT \"clearly or loudly\": _ All his life he spoke out against injustice. You have got good ideas; you should write them out. = \"disappearing, fading\" ; The noise gradually died out. (or down, or away) Those trousers are \\Mearing out. _ \"distributing\": I d like to hand out these papers. (opposite: collect in) They're giving out bowls of soup at lunchtime. _ \"extending\": The girl put her tongue out rudelY. \"Hold out your hand; I'11 give you a present'\" ON \"to continue, or progress\": Don't stop nowi go on. : Carcy on with your work' : \"connected, happening\": Switch the light on. (opposite: switch the light off) 'What's on for tonight? There are rwo structures in these examples: hold your hand out hold out your hand 1 Verb * preposition: go on wear out carry on 2 Verb * object * preposition: switch the light on preposition t object: switch on the light

Mixed Bug Now you have to complete all these sentences, with verbs and prepositions from the boxes, puttlng the verb in the right form. o 1 He looks like Dumbo! His ears .............. ! r onput copy down i pack up stick out 2 ..... the kettle please. 3 Lett ..... all our things; we shall be leaving soon. 4 Can you speak more slowly; I haven't got time to ... ... everythit g .... @ up outdo share , ontake down turn 1 Can you . ..... the television ..... ? i : 2 Let's . .... the cake among all of us. 3 Can you .... the names of the people who are here? 4 ...... your jacket; it's cold outside. o 1 The administrator . i!. go or rub out .... the results at 6 o'clock , give out break down i ' yesterday afternoon. l 2 If the task is too big, ..... it ...... into smaller parts. 3 The play ...... for three hours, and I fell asleep. 4 'W.rite in pencil, so if you make a mistake, you can. ..... rt @ write down die out l tylr_q_ ue_ on r 1 The lorry drove down trhne roado aannd. trhrle norise orf trhne . englne 2 to 3 'IWwahntaytou ...... these points in your notebooks. ...... tonight? 4 ...Panting and out of breath, he .. and delivered the letter. o , oncut down switch , 2 I ..... . the names now so please listen carefully. 3 Your speech is fine, but itt rather long; shouldn't you .... . it .............. ? 4 She .. ... to the President and said \"he11o!\" @ be on Ourn Oo*, 1 The dolphins ...... to our boat, and we looked at them. I shout out swim up I i 3 'What time ... the film .............. ? 4 The fire soon spread, and the whole house .... in three hours. o 1 on,come morningr.... , it's seven o'clock in the i :ffJtlr\"t |,HI:l2 If you are tired, .. on the sofa for a few minutes. -----.--.--,-- --- - -----'- )i 3 If you .. , you'll be able to buy a cer. 4 I know you're tired, but you'll have to ..... until 6 o'clock. @ wear out pull do-\"w'\"n- - 1 can you .... '. the radrio \"..\"..\".\"....\"..\"..\". ?t I want rto hear 'i the news. i drrnk up plt on' i i 2 ..Those shoes are ... ; when are you going to buy a new pair? 3 They ...... their milk and went to bed. 4 The government ..... their house and built a block of flats. 67

ETUII Break down Get over (phrasal verbs - 3) 34 ln Unit 32 we practised verbs of movement with eight prepositions. The meaning of these phrasal verbs is clear from the meaning of the verb and the preposition. ln Unit 33 we practised more verbs with four prepositions. Here the meaning of the preposition was extended, but the verb keeps its meaning. ln this unit we practise 24 phrasal verbs. Here, the meaning is different from the meaning of the verb or the preposition alone. The two words together have a new meaning. Example: CARRY hold, or have in the hand Verb OUT opposite of lN Preposition CARRY OUT execute, perform Phrasal verb Here is a list of phrasal verbs with examples. too)break down: Ihe bus has broken down; we'll get on: He got on the bus and wentto have to watk. (people can break down Pimlico. (opposite: get off) car.break off : She was spea king, but she broke get over lt took many months f or her to get off suddenly when she saw the over her illness, but finally she recovered. thebring up (mention): \"l'd tike to bring up get on with: \"Well,l must get on with my sir.\"subject of my salary, work; l've got a lotto do.\" theirbring up (educate): They brought up give away: He gave away all his money to ltalian.children to speak French and the poor, and now he has none. givecall on: \"l now call on the treasurer to give up: She had to give up smoking, on his report.\" doctor's orders. carry on: \"Don't stop; carry on with what you go on: \"l'm talking too much.\" \"No, go on, l'm are doing.\" interested.\" come across: By chance, she came across let someone down: He promised to help me, the jacket she had been looking for. but he let me down: I got no help from him. come on: \"Com e on! Hurry up!\" make up for: \"lt's late; we'll have to make up for lost time.\" cut down: You drink too much coffee; you should cut down the amount you drink. run out ol'. \"Can I have some coffee?\" \"|m cut out: He's stop ped drinking coffee; he cut sorry, sir, we've run out of coffee.\" it out completely. be run down: \"l'm feeling run down.\" \"You could do with: \"l could do with a glass of 'need a rest, or a holiday.\" water; l'm terribly thirsty!\" take after: Children sometimes take after do without: \"You'll have to do without your their parents: but is it nature or nurture? lunch today, because I didn't cook any.\" take over: When Dennis rettred, John took over his iob. 68

Now you have to complete all these sentences or paragraphs with phrasal verbs from the boxes, Make sure you use the right tense! O Meetings outcut do without upbring cut down them .............. ? \"In my opinion they're a waste of time! I think we should .............. them ... altogether!\" \"I don't agree.'We can't .. them. Lots of subjects are .. that I don't hear about at any other time.\" @ Speakers oncall break off ofrun out go on The speaker .. .... suddenly when he heard the noise. ideas \".............. !\" said the chairman. \"You haven't finished. And I hope you havent ... yet. I don't want to ..... the next speaker until you have finished.\" o Father and Son take after take over oncarry bring uB 'When oldMr Sims died, his son Charlie ...... the shop, and. ..... with the workin the same way. His father had ... him . ... well, and he .... his father in many ways. @ A Broken Promise formake up break down get on with let down Robert promised to help his friend Steve paint his room on Sunday morning, but unfortunately Robert's car ...... , and so he ...... his friend although it wasnt his fault. He phoned Steve. Steve said he would ..... the work, and they could ...... lost time the following Sunday. @ The Flu be run down get on get over come across give uP I was walking in the park when I ... ... an old friend of mine. \"FIow you ....... ....... ?\" I said. \"Not very we11,\" he said. \"I had the flu last month and I've been feeling rather ..... \"Oh detr,I'm sorry,\" I said. \"Dont worry,\" he said, \"I'11 .............. it.\" \"'W-e11, don't ... ;' I said, \"you've got to keep fighting.\" @ Buying a TV Set oncome do with break down give away \"They're practically ... TV's down at Dixons,\" I told my friend Charles. \"They're incredibly cheap.\" \"Oh really, I could ..... e new TV; this one keeps ..... :' \"Well, ... :' I said, \"what are we waitingfor?\"

uuE Be over Put off (phrasal verbs - 4) 35 This unit is similar to the last one, We present and practise another 24 phrasal verbs. The meaning is different from the meaning of the verb or the preposition alone. The two words together have a new meaning. Example: BREAK = separate into parts Verb Preposition DOWN = opposite of UP =Phrasal verb BREAK DOWN lose control (of feelings) Here is a list of phrasal verbs with examples. andbe over: The film was over at 10 pm, go off (explode): There was a huge explosion they left the cinema. when the bomb went off. is;be in: \"Hello, is John in, please?\" \"Yes, he let off: He was late to work, but his boss l\"ll call him.\" didn't punish him; she let him off . abe on: \"What's on this evening?\" \"There's look uF (word): llooked up Aardvark in the lecture at 6.\" encyclopedia, and it was the first word on the callbe out: \"l'm afraid Peteris out. Can you first page! back later?\" make out (document): He made out the bill thatbreak down (weep): when she heard and sent it to the customer' down.she had lost her job, she broke make up (face): She had a shower, got eachbreak up: They broke up when they dressed and made up her face' inrealised they had absolutely no interests common. put someone up: \"The hotel is full!\" \"Don't worry, we'll put you up for the night.\" call for: The head teacher called for silence. put off: 'We'd better put off the meettng until told\"l have an announcementto make,\" she the class. Charles comes back because we need him here.\" call off: They called off the show because run someone down: \"He's lazy.\" \"Stop they hadn't sold any tickets. running him down.\" theycarry out: Ihey carried out the tasks take off (plane): \"Flight 703 will take off at rise'had been given, and the boss was so pleased 7.30 pm.\" he promised to give them a take up: when she stopped spea king, peter notdo up: \"Do up your shoes, Fred; they're took up the same subject. laced up'\" turn up (appe ar): Old'friends often turn up find out: Years later, they found out what had when you least expect them.\" really happened' turn down (refuse): He offered to take them thego out (light): The lights went out in pm.dormitory every night at 10 home in his car, but they turned down his invitatton. 70

Now you have to complete all these sentences with phrasal verbs from the boxes. Make sure you use the right tense! O Game Cancelled! onbe call off find out put off Itwas raining, so they .... the garme forhalf anhour, butthe rain gotworse andworse and ... altogether. \"Too bad,\" said'Charlie. \"I know! 'What finally they . ..... the game ...... at the cinema this afternoon?\" \"I don't know, but I ... (soon) '............. !\" @ Two Unexpected Events go out look up turn up be over He was . a word in the dictionary when the light and left him in darkness. He couldn't do any more. His work .... for the day. At that moment the doorbell rang; his old friend Tjcm unexpectedly! @ Too Expensive! be out make out turn down carry out \"In order to .............. the work, we shall need an advance, so could you please ...... a cheque for d500?\" . their offer, and phoned a friend of his, who was an He didn't like the price, so he architect. But unfortunately his friend @ A Moment 0f Sadness updo break up upmake break down She ... ..with her boyfriend a year ago, but when someone at the parry mentioned his name, she ...... After a few minutes she recovered, and went to the bathroom to .............. her face. It was a mess. Also she ...... her collar, which was unbuttoned. Here are foui mini-paragraphs, with two phrasal verbs in each. take off go off call for put up A 'W.hen yet another terrorist bomb .... , the prime minister .. decisive action by the police. B \"My plane .. at 6.30 tomorrow morning. You live near the airport; do you think you could me .. .... for the night?\" run dolvn take up let off be in \"'W'here'sJohn? He ... .. never ...... ! I don't where he goes every evening!\" \"I'm sure he's not doing anything wrong. Stop . ..... the poor man .............. .\" Victoria: \"No'w, young Fred, I'd like to .... the subject of that broken window.\" Dennis: \".............. him .... , Victoria; he's only a kid.\" 7L

Look Taste Sound Srnell Feel (like) (linking verbs) Look at the picture, and study the sentences below. What Well, he loohs cheerful. He loohs lihe a cheerful boy. In fact, sometimes he loohs lihe a cheerful puppy! USE A -We use these verbs to describe people and things: LOOK TASTE SOUND SMELL FEEL (and BE) B -We can use these verbs with an adjective: That soup srnells delicious! I thought Susan looked very nice last night. The food tasted terrible, but the wine was good. This silk blouse feels so soft! The music sounds beautiful. C 'We can also use them with like and a noun: This place smells like a pigsty! Carol looks like a university student and she is. 'What is this? It tastes like rice. This feels like wool. Is it wool? That sounds like a Mozart syrnphony. D 'We can use BE in the same ways: E There are usually fwo possible questions: That soup was delicious. etc. How do you feel? This place is like a pigsty! etc. What does it feel like? LIKE (verb) and LII(E (particle) Be careful of these fwo words. They look sirnilar, but they are not: Verb: 'W.hat does Fred like to eat? He likes ice-cream! Aiberb: 'What is Fred like? He's like most thirteen-year-old boys. O ln these sentences four of the underlined parts are correct and three are wrong. Tick (/) the correct ones, and rewrite the others. 1 This Die tastes like terrible. 2 It looks like a piece of wood. 3 It smells bad too. 4 You look tired; in fact you look like a man who hasn't slept all night. 5 This dress feels silk. 6 It feels like very expensive! 72

Mixed Bug @ Complete these sentences with LIKE if necessary. 1 I can hear a noise; it sounds ...... John. 2 The bed looks ...... comfortable; 3 I wonder what it feels 4 This soup tastes ..... nothing I have ever eaten. 5 Father sounds ...... angry; have you upset him? 6 This chair looks ...... one we had at home when I was a boy. Food and Drink @ Complete these sentences with an appropriate form of a verb from the box, and LIKE if necessary. i smell taste i L __ | 2 No, it isn't. It ...... coffee, but it's actually dessert. 'Would you like to try some? 3 Yes, please. Hnrmmm, it ...... delicious. 1 It .... .. the dessert we had at that restaurant last night. A Thief In the Night @ Complete these sentences with an appropriate form of a verb from the box, and LIKE if necessary. I. ---- -- '-l D1id'Wyouhsaeet the thief last night, madam? Yeq I did. Lqol lornL I. ...... he ...... ? 2 He .. .... very respectable. He was wearing a dark suit. 3 He .. .... a business man. 4 And how about his voice? ...... he ...... a Londoner? 5 No, he ...... Scottish. He had a Scottish accent. At the Clothing Store @ Complete these sentences with an appropriate form of a verb from the box, and LIKE if necessary. 1 Come and look at these blouses. This one ...... nice. look feel smell 2 Yes, but it .... .. one you've already got, doesn't it? 3 Yes, but touch it. This one . ..... different. 4 Yes, it .... soft. 5 Actually, it .... .. fine wool; it's so soft. 6 Yes, but hold it close to your nose. It .... .. funny. 7 .What does it ...... ? 8 It ...... a wet blanket! It's a Mad, Mad'World! @ At the fancy dress ball, John and Peter are wearing gorilla costumes. Unfortunately, a real gorilla escaped from the zoo the same evening. Complete Mary's dialogue with the gorilla and John. M Hello John, you .. ... arnazingi you ...... just ..... a gorilla! G Glub bobble glob glug! M Ha ha ha! You ...... just ...... e gorilla ,ost (she smells him) You even ..... a gorilla! (John walks in, dressed like a gorilla) 73 M Hello Peter, doesn'tJohn ...... arnazing? I I'm not Peter, I'm John. .... a gorilla, doesn't he? M No, no, this isJohn, he ..... . just I He doesn't ..... one, he IS one!!! MJ and (running dway) .Pyaaaaaaaaaaaaaahhhhhhhhh!!!!!!

Review: passive, phrasal verbs and look, taste etc. ln Units 30 to 36, we presented the following: Passive French islwas spoken. The meeting islwas being arranged. It canlshould/musywill be done. Linking verbs It looks/tastes/sound s/smells/eels good! Phrasal verbs go inlcome out write down go uplcome down put down put inltake out take away/bring back put onltake off get on/get off up up uPrun drink drive save uP speak ou7write out die ouTwear out hand out/give out go on carry on switch on what's on? be in come 0n let someone down be on cut down let off be out cut out look up (word) be over do up make out (document) break down (weep) (could) do with make up (face) break down (go wrong) make up for break off do without put off bring up (mention) find out put (someone) up bring up (educate) get on run (someone) down call for get on with call off get over be run down call on give away carry 0n run out of carry out grve up take after COMC ACTOSS go off (explode) take off g0 0n take over go out (iight) take up turn down (refuse) turn up (appear) O Complete these sentences with a suitable linking verb and an adjective from the box. 2 'We had beef stew for supper last night, but I didn't like i --- it at all. It .... ..... to the touch. 3 I think I'11 buy this jumper. The wool 4 Have you seen this picture of the children on the beach? They ...... very .... ! It must be all the fresh air and sunshine. 5 Your guitar ..... ! Is it out of tune or something? 74

@ Complete these six sets of sentences with a phrasal verb. A 1 .............. your answers to these questions on a blank sheet of paper. 2 The waiter came in and ...... the dirty plates 3 'When she heard the news of the accident she .. .... and wept. 4 I think I'm eating too much; I really must ...... fatqr food. 5 I ..... . an old friend of mine in the park today. B 1 If you don't know what a word means, ...... it ...... in the dictionary. 2 The bomb ...... and many people were killed. 3 He .. .... his three children alone, because his wife had died. 4 He suffered a heart attack, but he ..... it and went back to work. 5 I don't who did this, but I'm going to .............. ! C 1 The plane ...... at 6.35 and flew across the Atlantic. 2 I'd like to go out tonight; what ...... at the cinema? 3 If you can't find a room at the hotel, we'll ..... you ...... for the night. 4 -We were standing at the gate waiting for a taxi, when a black car .. 5 I could hear their voices, but the sound gradually ...... as they walked away. D 1 If you ...... your money, you'Il be able to get a new car next year. 2 He promised to help me, but he ..... me He didn't turn up at all! 3 The thief turned to face me, and ...... a knife ..... of his pocket. 4 Come on, let's ..... the work, or we'll never finish. 5 If you ...... the number 11 bus here, it will take you to where you want to go. E 1, .. .... your pullover if you're feeling hot. 2 Sue, can you . ..... these papers ... , please? Itt one for each person. 3 I haven't got time today; we'lI have to ...... the meeting ...... until tomorrow. 4 You can borrow this book, but make sure you .... it .............. ! 5 Look how tall Carol is growing! She ...... her mother. F 1 I'm sorry to ... ... this subject Carol, but you haven't done your last assignment. 2 I sent in a proposal, but they . ..... it 3 Can you .. these plates ...... the table, Fred? 4 As you were away for two days, you'lI have to .... the time you lost. 5 can somebody ...... the light ..... , please? I can't see anything. @ Complete these sentences with an appropriate form of the verb in the PASSIVE. 1 The opening . (arrange) for 6 pm yesterday, and the minister ...... (invite) to attend the ceremony. 2 \"'W'here is my suitcase?\" \"The plane .. (unload) at this very moment, madam.\" 3 Every morning the workers .. (take) to the factory by bus, and they ... 1bring) back again in the evening. 4 \"'W'hat do you want me to do?\" \"Don't worry, you . ..... (give) your tasks shortly.\" @ Rewrite these sentences, with the same meaning, in the PASSIVE. 1 Do you think they can finish the work today? 2 You must not leave your suitcases in the aisles or doorways. ..... 3 They will hold the meeting at 10 am tomorrow mornrng 4 You should not leave your bicycles in the driveway. 75

I want to go (verb * to-infinitive) Look at the picture, and study the dialogue below. .'-r L). 7 Fred: I want to driae! Robert: Don't be silly, Fred,. You don't hnow uthat to do, and you don't hnous where to go. Anyway, first you must learn how to driae. O Now complete these sentences in the same way, using the verb given and HOW or WHERE if necessary. 1 Carol wants ...... a concert planlst. BE 2 But she doesn't know ...... the piano! PLAY 3 Robert wants ..... some shirts. BIJY 4 But he doesn't know ...... them. BUY USE A Some verbs often have a second verb with them in the infinitives (to go etc.): I want to sit down. He decided to go home. Here is a list of verbs which often have second verbs: expect agree intend offer deserve hope aLrrarlge pretend refuse cant't afford want decide forget Notice the negative form of the second verb: We decided not to wait for her. B Some dvoernbtskonfteonwha'vWe Ha sAeIcotondilov.erb with them, plus how, what, where etc: I Do you know WHERE to go? Here is list of these verbs: learn know understand as C 'With the verb LEARI\\, hou is usually optional: I am learning (how) to speak French. Robert learnt (how) to drive when he was 17. D Notice the meaning of expect, hope and waitfor: I expect to see him at 6. (I am sure he is coming.) I hope to see him at 6. (I want him to come, but I am not sure.) If he's late, I'll wait for him. (I'11 stay there until he comes.) E Notice the meaning of pretenil: Fred pretended to be asleep. (but he wasnt) Carol pretended to enjoy herself. (but she hated every minute of it)

More About the Farnily @ Now you have to put in the right forms of the two verbs in brackets in each sentence. 1 Victorra ... .. (arrange, take) her neighbourt child to school last week when her neighbour was i11. 2 Carol ..... (forget, hand in) her essay, and her tutor was annoyed. 3 Robert ..... (decide, apply for) a job at Curry's, and he got the job! 4 Sally the cat ..... (intend, eat) Ophelia the fish, but she failed! 5 Dennis ..... (agree, take) Fred and his friends to the cinema last Saturday. 6 -W-inston was a good dog, and he ... .. (deserve, take) for a nice run in the park. The Johnson Farnily: Plans and Expectations o You have to complete these sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in the boxes. 1 Carol has her end-otyear exams in a month's time. She . ..... to study hard every day for a month, and she ...... to do well. 2 Carol ...... to drive last year; she had a driving lesson every Thursday. Also, her father ..... to help her, and they used to go driving together for an hour every afternoon. Robert .... to take him. ... to pay it. He 4 Robert's friendJohn Simpson did not agree with the new tax, and he ... .. to receive a visit from the police one of these days! Sirnilar (and Sornetirnes Confusing) Verbs @ Complete these two pairs of sentences with appropriate forms of HOPE/EXPECT. Remember: I expect = \"l believe it will happen. I hope = \"l want it to happen, but l'm not sure it will.\" 1 Most children in England ..... . to go to primary school. But that is not true of universiry; many young people ...... to go to universiry but only a few get there. 2 Robert was a very confident student, and always ...... to pass his exams. Carol is more nervous; she ... ... to pass, but shet not at all sure! @ Complete these two pairs of sentences with appropriate forms of PRETEND and WANT. 1 Victoria ... ... to get Fred out of bed. He heard her, but he ... .. to be asleep. 2 On December 25th, when the children were little, Dennis ...... to be Father Christmas. He ... ... to make his children happy. WI{ERE, 'WHAT and HOV @ Complete these sentences with WHERE, WHAT or HOW. 1 I'm sorry, I don't understand ..... . to do this. 2 'We must decide ...... to take with us on holiday. 3 Do you know ...... to go for lunch? 4 If we're not sure, we can ask .. .... to do next. 5 I want to learn ...... to use a computer. 77

Afraid of flying (preposition * -irg) Look at the picture, and study the sentences below. \"What's this for?\" He's good at playing \"It's for cleaning my trumpet.\" the trumpet. USE A If a verb comes after a preposition, we always use the -ingforrn. He's good AT play ING. It s FOR clean ING. B Here is a list of phrases with adjectives and preposltlons: OF She's afraid of flying. I'm very fond of playing the piano. I'm tired of watching this stupid programme. AT He's good at swimmlng. I'm hopeless at sw1mm1ng. ABOUT She was pleased about getting the tickets. He was annoyed about not passing the test. C Here are four prepositions which often take verb-ing: BY By clirnbing through the window, Fred got into the house. He made friends by being nice to people. FOR Foy making short journeys in the ciry you can use the bus or the underground. This little stove is for heating the food. BEFORE Check the expiry date before taking the medicine. Before entering a room, always smile. AFTER After waiting for a )rea\\ he married someone else. She bought the Renault after looking at a lot of second-hand cars. Good English? O ln these sentences, four of the underlined phrases are correct and four are wrong. Tick (/) the correct ones, and rewrite the others. 1 She is verv sood at cook. 2 The small knife is for peeling potatoes. 3 He is afraid b). driving in Paris. 4 I was annoyed about not getting a place. 5 'We went home after to watch the game. 6 I'm not verv sood at sinsins. 7 They used this knife for to cut the paper. 8 Shet fond of going to the movies. 78

@ Complete these sentences with the right preposition. 1 He's not very good ...... painting! 2 Shes fond ..... dancing, and she likes music. 3 He drove back to the ciry .... . spending the weekend with friends. 4 I'm hopeless . .... usmg a computer. 5 Carol was pleased .... getting a place at college. 6 'What..t..t.h. iswabirtuinsgh for rwenfy minutes, he decided to leave. 7 . sweeping the floor, Fred! for? It's 8 Please knock .... entering. 9 I'm not afrard ...... flying, as long as it's a big plane! 10 .. going on a long car journey, you should check the oil, the petrol and the tyres. 1,1, They got into the house .. climbing up a drainpipe. 1,2 The doctor was fwo hours late, and the patients were annoyed ... having to wait. 1,3 Robert is tired .. working in the same place. 1,4 He closed all the windows ..... leaving the house. 15 He got the information he wanted .............. asking the right questrons. @ Read the first sentence; then add it to the second sentence as in the example. Example: You got the job. You must be pleased 'a[*il;\"*ili 1;1,: He makes paper aeroplanes. He is good I listen to music. I am fond I travel in sma1l planes. I am afrerd I can't dance! I am hopeless I ryp. dozens of letters every day. I am tired I got a bad result in the test. I am annoyed 6 t..,, ,.... .. Starting Vith a Preposition .,, q /6 ._ tr, ,..a @ Write these sentences starting with the preposition given. ., Example: He had a shower, then he got dressed. f'a.r,. Before *4** /\"144t1, /9.kJ.a a/*'two' 1 I had a good breakfast, then I left home. Before 2 He phoned the operator. He managed to obtain her number. By 3 You want to cut up vegetables. You can use this knife. For . 4 I waited for half an hour, then I went home. After 5 She made an extra effort. She got the work finished. By 6 I witnessed the accident, then I phoned the police. After 7 You want to drive around town. The Citycar is ideal. For . 8 He decided what he wanted to say, and then he phoned Carol. Before 79

M I enjoy playirg soccer I like to play /playing soccer 40 (to-infinitive/-ing) Look at the picture, and study the sentences below. We want to go to the cinema. we rike {t€too.tsnog \\ ,o ,rr\" cinema. We enjoy going to the cinema. ) Now complete these sentences in the same way, using the verbs given. Give two forms if possible. ...... football on Saturday. PLAY 1 Fred wants ..... / 2 Carol likes . ..... / ...... out on Sundays. GO 3 Robert enjoys ...... / ...... tennis. PLAY 4 He started ..... . / ...... French last week. STUDY USE When we use two verbs together, the second verb may take one of several forms: To-infinitiue: I want TO GO. -ingform: I enjoy EATING ice cream. Either He started TO PLLY /PLAYING. A -We use the 'to-infinitive'with some verbs (See Unit 38) B 'We use '-irg' with some verbs, like this: They enjoy going to the cinema. He dislikes waiting in queues. Here is a list of these verbs: dislike enjoy finish Practlse stoP cart't stand PostPone C With some verbs, we can use 'to -' or '-irg' for the second verb, and the meaning is approximately the same: I like swirnrning. I like to switn. Here is a list of verbs: like start hate continue love Good English? ln these sentences, two of the verbs underlined are correct, two are wrong, and two have alternatives. Tick (/) the correct ones, correct the wrong ones, and write the alternatives. 1 I'11 have to postpone seeing him until next week. 2 FIe started working at six. 3 She finished to cook lunch and left the house. 4 He continued to work until seven. 5 I r,vant to get this finished tonight. 80 6 I can't stand to lislcu to that noise!

Verbs Plus -irg @ You have to answer these questions in a similar way to the example. Example: Did you watch the news on TV last night? .. everyday. Yes, I enjoy ulilz(&fu taua 9^1V. 1 Have you played the piano today? Yes, Ipractise 2 Flave you fyped those letters yet? Yes, I finished a few minutes ago. 3 Do you watch quiz programmes on TV? No, I can't stand 4 Do you still bite your nails? No, I've stopped 5 Are you going to play cards with us? No, I dislike 6 Have you andJaney moved house yet? No, we've postponed . . . . . .; we can't afford the mortgage. 7 Has Fred had his shower yet? B Have you cleaned the kitchen, Carol? ...yet. Justaminute, Muml Ihaven'tfinished 9 Have you washed Winston? To, -ing Or -ing /to? @ You have to complete each sentence with one of the verbs from the box, and you have to indicate if the next verb is to, -ing, or either. Look at the example: continue practise Example: She .. l'\"\"*A-r,t to$ay/playing the violin for hours every day, and she oo+'tr'fu*a....... to play/playing when everybody has gone to bed. 1 I . ..... to see/seeing Carol and Robert next week; I enjoy want always ...... to meet,/meeting them. 2 Robert ...... to get/gettrns to the airport in good time; hope dislike he .... .. to arrive/a:-:-lrng at the last minute. 3 She .. .... to type/qrping the letters at9.30 am, and finish start ..... to type/qrping them at 1.1 o'clock. 4 I ..... . to see/seeing my friends, but I .............. to like can't stand watt/warting for them for hours. 5 They ..... to eat/eating supper, but they ...... to love hate doldoing the washing up afterwards! 6 I ..... . to .listen/listening to the guitar, so don't stop enjoy to play/playing! 7 He ... ... to belbeing here at six o'clock yesterday, but postpone promise then he ... ... to meet,/meeting us until seven. 8 \"I .... to see/seeing Peter andJoe; let's . ..... to like arrange have/having tea with them on Sunday.\" 81

I want you to go (verb * object * to-infinitive) Look at these pictures, and study the sentences below. He begged her He wants her He told her He ordered her to maruy him. to marry him. to marry him. to maruy him. O Now complete these sentences in a similar way. . !\" 1 \"Come with me!\" \"I want )) \"He told )) 2 \"John, go away\" \"I taught 3 \"Now you can speak French.\" \"He ordered t\" 4 \"Soldiers, stand up!\" Some verbs are commonly followed by an object (him, John, the table) and a to-infinitive: I taught hirn to speak English. He told rne (not) to go. Here is a list of these verbs: ask tel1 order remind invite teach forbid B Some verbs can be used with or without an object: I would like Peter to go. I expect hitn to be there. I would like to go. I expect to be there. Here is a list of these verbs: like expect prefer want (See also Unit 38, verb * to-infinitive.) lcI With TEACH, you can also say HOW TO: I taught hirn to play the piano. I taught him how to play the piano. I It_ Good English? @ ln these sentences, two of the phrases underlined are correct and three are wrong. Tick (/) the correct ones, and rewrite the others. 1 I want that )rou go. 2 I taught him how to ride a bicycle 3 They prefer to go by plane. 4 They invited to go to dinner with them. 5 I {orbid }rou do that! 82

Unscrambling Sentences @ You have to put these words in the right order to make a good sentence. 1 \"every manlhis dtty/ do/expects/Eng)and/to\" 2 herself/wo rk/ the / she / to / prefers/do 3 night/me / to / the/ they / stay /asked 4 play /Frunces/ they /cards/like / wth/ to 5 expect/house/hour / tn/ to / an/ the / we /leave He MeTo... @ You have to complete the second sentence to mean the same as the first, as in the example. Don't forget to use an object. Example: 'Would you like to come for tea? .finvitedShe .1.\":.** .h.t.tut. . . ............ 1 Do not leave the room He ordered... 2 Do not leave the room He forbade ... Ja Can you help me move the piano? She asked 4 Don't forget to be at the concert hell, at 7 .1.5 She reminded 5 Please be quiet, you fwo. He told 6 \"This is how you cook vegetables.\" She taught ..... . (how) I 'W'ant To . . . Or I W'ant You To . . .? o Now you have to complete the sentence in the same way as the first, using an object if necessary. 1 Can I have some orange juice, please? I would like . 2 Flere is some orange juice for you. I would like . 3 Why don't you take the plane to Mallorca? I want 4 Can I take the plane to Mallorca? I want 5 Carol thinks she will be at the office by 9 am. She expects .. 6 Carol thinks R-obert will be at the office by 9 arn. She expects .. 7 She will be pleased if you pick her up by car. She prefers .... B She will be pleased to go by cx. She prefers .... 83

He said he liked her (reported speech - 1) Look at these pictures, and study what Auntie Mabel says. \"I am goirtg to my dancing class.\" What did she say? \"I go on Fridays.\" \"I can dance the waltz.\" She said she was going to her dancing class. \"I may learn to dance the Tbiddle.\" She said she went on Fridays. She said she could dance the waltz. She said she might learn to dance the Twiddle. O Now complete these sentences in the same way with words from the box: Ir -----w- as did l 1 Carol said she ...... play the piano. could might 2 Fred said he ...... going to school. 3 Victoria said they ...... go to the cinema this evening. 4 Dennis said he ...... the shopping on Thursdays. Reported speech is very cofirnon; we often need to repeat what someone else has said. 'We can do it in two ways: Compare sentences a and b: 1b Fred said he was hungry. 2b Robert said he would be there. Ia Fred said, \"I am hungry.\" 2a Robert said, \"I'11 be there.\" -When we start with HE SAID, as in sentences 1b and 2b above, we usually change the verb, like this: When we report what someone said in the past, we sometimes change the verb, but not necessarily: Robert: \"I went there yesterday.\" Robert said he went there yesterday. Robert said he had gone there yesterday. These tvvo sentences mean approximately the same. Good English? @ Look at the underlined parts of these sentences. Three of them are correct and three are wrong. Tick (/) the correct ones, and rewrite the others. 1 \"I left at six.\" He said he left at six. He said they would leaving. 2 \"They are leaving.\" She said she might do it today. He said she will come soon. 3 \"I may do it today.\" He said he hadn't enjolred the food. He said he would see her every day. 4 \"She'll come soon.\" 5 \"I didn't enjoy the foodl' 6 \"I see her every daf' 84

'What Fred Said. . . @ Now you have to read these four things that Fred said, and report them by completing the sentences below. 1 Fred said . 2 He said 3 He said 4 And he also said 'What Robert Said. . . @ Now you have to read these four things that Robert said, and report them by completing the sentences below. 1 96p'1 ulFE 1BAKED BEANs 1 Robert said 2 He said 3 He said 4 And he also said What Carol Said. . . @ Now you have to read these four things that Carol said, and report them by completing the sentences below. I MAY 60 AND 5E E I7 ,:eLi S *1aiv*a\\ 1 Carol said . 2 She said 3 She said 4 And she also said The Politician Said. . . (But Nobody Believed Him!) @ Look at these statements by a very famous politician. Now complete the sentences below. \"I arn not, but definitely not, going to raise taxes.\" \"I will fight to defend our currency!\" \"I rnay expand the health service.\" \"I believe in this countryt future!\" \"I don't take bribes!\" He said he He sard he He said he He said he He said he 85

She told hirn to go She asked what the tirne was (reported speech - 2) Look at the picture, and study the texts below. \"What is the tirne?\" She asked him what the time was. \"I don't hnow.\" He said he didn't hnow. \"Go and see.\" She asked him to go arud see. \"Dort't be long.\" She told him not to be lortg. O Complete these sentences in exactly the same way. 1 'Where is John? She asked him where ....... 2 the answer? He asked her what 'What's He told her .. She told him . 3 Sit down. 4 Wait here. A 'When we report questions, 'we make two changes. 1 We change the verb, as in other reported sentences (see Unit 42). 2 'We change the question into an affirmative, because rt's not a question any more: Exampile: 'W.hat is the time? He asked what the time was. B 'W.hen we report imperatives, we make one change. The imperative changes to the infinitive. Example: Be quiet! ( asked She ( him to be quiet. I told C 'We use She said. . . for reporting a statement (affirmative). -We use He asked (her). . . for reporting a question (interrogative). -We use She told hirn. . . or She asked hirn. . . for reporting an order (imperative). With TELL, we have to say who we tell: She told me. . . With ASK, we sometimes say who we tell: She asked (*.). . . 'With SAY, we do not say who we tell: He said. . . @ ln these six sentences, three of the underlined parts are correct and three are wrong. Tick (/) the correct ones, and rewrite the others. 1 She asked Robert where he was going. 2 She told him go home. 3 They asked me what was the time. 4 He told us to wait in the ha1l. 5 Mary askedJohn when would he be ready. 6 John asked me if I could help him. 86

SAID, ASKED, TOLD . . . Plus Object? @ Complete these sentences with SAID, ASKED or TOLD, and put in the person you are telling (me, him, her etc.) if necessary. 1 John ...... he was leaving. 2 Peter ...... to wait for him. 3 Sue . ..... what time the train would leave. 4 Brian ...... he was buying a new car 5 The policeman ...... to puIl my car over and stop. 'What Victoria Asked. . . @ Victoria wanted to know what all the family was doing, so she phoned up and asked. You have to report the questions she asked. 1 Victoria asked 2 She also asked 3 And she wanted to know 4 And she asked 5 Finally she asked Vhat Dennis Asked. . . @ Dennis wanted to know what all the staff at the office were doing, so he phoned up and asked. You have to report the questions he asked. ,JV'IAT DOES IHE T'1(l}E}l(*E po ol r4olpAvs ? 1 Dennis asked 2 He also asked 3 And he wanted to know 4 And he asked 5 Finally he asked The Spirit Of the Sergeant Major! @ ln the army, they tell peoBle what to do. They don't ask them; they tell them. Report these orders, and don't forget to change the pronouns. 1 BE QU|ET! 3 PUT YOUR SHOULDERS BACK 5 PULL YOUR STOMACH IN! 2 STAND UP STRAIGHT! 4 DON'T MOVE! 6 DON'T LOOK AT ME! The Sergeant Major told Private Snooks. . . 87 1,. 2 3 4 5 6

Review: reported speech, to-infinitive and -irg (verb completnentation) ln units 38 - 43, we presented the following: VerbpGrnootm) +istoe-iangfirneiteive Verbs + -ing enjoy Practise dislike deserve arrange finish Postpone offer hope can't stand can't afford refuse stop decide forget Verbs + to -more-iangning) (different meaning) (same start hate remember forget like love continue toVerbs + object + ask tell Verbs G obiect) + to invite teach remind order like exPect prefer want toVerb + how/what/where + Verb G how) + to know understand teach learn ask of of of atPreposition + -ing afraid fond tired good hopeless at pleased about annoyed about by for before after [tlleaning of expect and hope Reported speech statements ; Past tense \"l went there yesterday.\" (wArr) Robert said he went there yesterday. (READ) Robert said he had gone there yesterday. (Go) (MEET) Questions: What is the time? (HELP) (rYPE) He asked (her) what the time was. (wALK) lmperatives: Be quiet! (PAY) She told him/asked him to be quiet. (SPEAK) O Complete these sentences with the verb in brackets and to or -ing. 1 He promised ...... for us if we were late. 2 He finished ... ... the newspaper and put it down. 3 \"I hope ...... to Greece agern next summer.\" 4 I enjoyed ...... your cousin very much. 5 They refused ...... me, so I reported them. 6 She dislikes .... .., but she has to do it. 7 It was a nice day, and they decided . 8 Robert offered ..... for lunch. 9 If you practice ...... English whenever you have the chance, you will improve. 88

@ Three of these verbs must be to, five can be to or -ing. Complete them in two ways if possible. 1 I started ..... tennis seriously when I was 12 years old. (PLAY) 2 They agreed ..... half of the work. (DO) 3 The children like .... TV but we limit them to an hour a day. (.W.ATCH) 4 \"You didn't forget ..... the sandwiches, did you?\" (BRING) 5 I love ... to him; he speaks beautifully. (LISTEN) 6 You can't afford ..... that; don't even think about it! (BUY) 7 She hates ..... to loud music, especia\\ if it is in a disco (LISTEN) 8 If you continue ..... that, you'll get yourself in trouble. (DO) @ ln these sentences, you have to insert a number of different \"WH] words. A ln this set you have to insert WHAT or WHERE. 1 I'11 show you . ... to find the coffee 2 I don't understand ..... . this word means! 3 If you are going to be a receptionist, you must learn ...... to say. 4 Could I ask ..... you keep the coffee? B ln this set you have to insert HOW. ln two of the sentences it is optional; put the word HOW in brackets. 1 My elder brother taught me .. .... to play football. 2 He doesn't know ...... to do that! 3 She learnt ..... . to play the violin when she was six. 4 I don't understand .............. you arrive at the answer. @ Complete each sentence with a phrase or afraid of fond of before preposition from the box. good at pleased about for tired of annoyed about by 1 You mustn't be ... bees; they won't hurt you. 2 I think this cupboard is ...... storing old fiIes. 3 Her assistant was late for the third day in a row; she was .. that, and spoke to him sharply. 4 Carol is ..... . animals, and especially loves their cat. 5 You can get to the school .............. walking along this path. 6 She's very . ..... long distance running, and won the race ageln this year. 7 My daughter passed her exams, and we were very . ... that. 8 You should wash your hands ...... eating. 9 \"I couldn't finish because my pen broke.\" \"I am ... listening to your excuses.\" o Complete these sentences with appropriate forms of EXPECT, HOPE or WAIT FOR. Some alternatives are possible; the important thing is to see the possible differences in meaning. 1 \"-W'e've been ... John for half an hour; I .... he's not long.\" \"Het not usually late; I ...... he'll be here soon.\" 2 \"I ..... . I passed my exam!\" \"Oh, I ..... .you will; you always do well. Are you the results now?\" \"Yes, and I'm scared!\" @ Rewrite these as reported speech. 1 \"l will write your reference this afternoon.\" He said 2 \"-Where is Fred?\" She asked 3 \"Turn left at the next corner.\" He told me 4 \"I arn waiting for the doors to open.\" She said 5 \"I left the house at four o'clock.\" (rwo alternatives) He said 6 \"'W'here is Dennis going this eveniflg?\" She asked me 7 Please don't open the window.\" He asked me 89

At In To Frorn (prepositions of place - 1) Look at these pictures, and study the sentences below. f9,':t4 // \"Where's Dad?\" He goes from his house to the office by train. I uHe's at the office.\" \"Where's Mr Bowden ?\" oHe's in the office.\" A 'We use AT when we think of the place as a point on a map: Dad's at the office (itt miles away; we don't think of it as a room). The plane stopped at Bombay to refuel. -We use AT when we think of the activity in a place: -Where were you? I was at a meetrng. Carol is at universiry (she studies there). I was at the cinema last night (watching a film). Carol was at Steven's (house) yesterday afternoon (enjoying themselves). We usually use AT with these expressions (without THE): at home at school at work at unrversrfy 'We use IN when we think of the place \"as a place\": Mr Bowdent in his ofhce (it's the receptionist speaking; the office is close by). The thief was hiding in the cinema (in the building). Dennis and Victoria live in Hampton. -We usually use IN with these expressions (without THE): in hospital in town in prison in bed -We usually use THE or A (or some other word like HIS etc.) with these expressions: in the house (hall, theatre, kitchen, park etc.) in my ofhce atthe/a station (bus, railway) or airport -We use FROM and TO for movement: He drove from London to Manchester in two hours. E HOME 'W.hen we are going to \"the place where we live\", we say HOME without a preposition: I'm going horne. Peter came horne yesterday. But when we are already in \"the place where we live\", we use the preposition AT: I was at horne when he phoned. Let's stay at horne. Good English? c Three of the phrases underlined in these sentences are correct and three are wrong. Tick (/) the '0\"':: on':' :lo 'iT:'J:::yffir* no\\M, and stay at home . 2 Peter's in hospital; he hurt hims're1lf at work. 3 I'11 see vou in airport. 4 \"Yes, Mr Smith is at his oflice; it's along the ha11.\" 90

Points, .F :ies Or Places? @ Put in AT or lN, and THE if necessary.lf THE is not necessary, don't use it. Some alternatives are possible. 1 Peter was ... ... work this morning. He spent two hours ..... . his oflice, and then he was . ..... Directors' meeting for an hour. 2 \"Flow's John?\" \"FIet ...... hospital, I'm afratd. He was playing football ...... school when he felI down.\" 3 I caught my plane ...... Heathrow airport. I had to wait ...... airport for two hours, 4 I'11 meet you .... .. ticket office ...... statlon. 5 I'm staying ..... . Sue's for the weekend. She lives . ..... Birmingham. I'm taking the train at 3 o'clock; it stops ...... Oxford and Stroud. 6 Simply Red is playing .... football stadium ...... 'W.imbledon next week. Would you like to go with me? 7 \"Is he still .. ... bed?\" \"No, het . .... kitchen making himself some breakfast before he goes to work.\" 8 John Maxell has been ...... prison for six months. He was caught stealing handbags .... alrport. 9 I saw a very good play ... ... theatre last night. 10 I'11 be ...... town this afternoon, so I'11 meet you .. . office. 11 Petert ...... universiry. He lives ... ... universiry hall of residence. Going @ Now you have to complete these sentences with FROM, TO or AT if necessary (plus THE if necessary). Some alternatives are possible. 1 \"Shall we go .... cinema tonight?\" \"OK, I'11 see you . ..... box o{fice just before the show.\" ...... home. I want to stay ...... home this evening. 2 I think I'11 go ... Mexico City ..... Acapulco by bus, stoppirg .. .... Taxco on 3 -We travelled ... the way. 4 If we walk way. . newsagent's; we shall pass it as we walk ..... home 'We can buy a newspaper ..... .... statlon. 6 Every morning Victoria drives ..... her house .... the school where she works. 7 She often buys food ...... corner shop on her way back ...... school in the evening. 8 \"Does this train go .............. York?\" \"Yes, madam, and it stops ... Grantharn.\" Home, Sweet Home @ Now you have to complete these sentences with AT, FROM, or ( - ) (nothing). 1 It's nice to spend winter evenings ...... home. 2 She drove ...... home after work and put her car in the garage. 3 \"I'l1be .... home al1 day tomorrow, if you want to drop in for a cup of tea and e bit of a chat.\" 4 FIe went ...... home to the office by car 5 Carol decided to go . home, because it was getting late. 6 \"Goodbye, I'11 see you..... . home this evening. 91

tlnder Above Between Behind In front of (prepositions of ptace - 2) Look at this picture of a page from a newspaper, and read the description below. Here is a page from a newspaper, in In the photograph there is d woman three columns. The title of the article standing infront oJ a man. Behind is aboue columns 1 and 2, and there the man, you can see smoke and is a subtitle under the title. Jlames. There is a photograph between columns 1 and j, under the text in column 2. O Here is a picture of another page. This time you have to complete the text according to what you see on the page. Here is another page from a In the picture there are two rnagazine. The title of the article women, and . ..... them is a is .... .. column 2,btt the small boy. . ..... them you subtitle isn't . can see a house. .... ; it's the text in column 1. There is a photograph in column 3 ..... . the text and ...... an advertisement for soap. USE A The physical positions indicated by these prepositions are: ABOVE UNDER BETVEEN the women 'We also use these prepositions in other ways: IN FRONT OF the women UNDER and OVER (less than and more than) The boy is under 18 and the old man is over 65. She is underweight (too thin) and he is overweight (too fat). BEHIND and AHEAD Johnny's falling behind with his work, but Sue is ahead. The French economy is behind Germany, but it's ahead of Spain. 92

Hide-and-Seek @ There are eight \"people\" hidden in this picture. They are Victoria, Dennis, Robert, Carol, Fred, Uncle Victor, Winston and Sally. You have to complete the sentences on the left to say where they are. .?7l3';ri/ ,r\\.4fIi, \\: '*1.) 1 Victoria is 5 Uncle Victor is .... 2 Dennis is .... 6 Carol is .... 7 'Winston is .... 3 Fred is 4 Robert is .... 8 Sal1y is .... More Than Or Less Than? o Here is some information. You have to complete the sentences by saying if the prices, weights and temperature are OVER or UNDER. 1 Sir, this luggage weighs ..... . 20 kilos; you'll have to pay. Madam, your luggage is all right: it's .... .. 20 kilos. 2 This sweateris cheap; look, it's... ..d10. Butthere are some expensive sweaters here; these are ... .. d50 each! 3 It was cold last night, ... 5o Centigrade; but today it'll be hot. They say it'll be ... 30o Centigrade! Tourist London @ Here is a tourist map of a part of London. You have to complete the sentences, by saying where the buildings are. srr.1Affiln5 IN THE FI€LD5 ! V?\") 'YrQl.ueAReen 1 Nelson's Column is . 2 Nelson stands 3 The four lions 4 St Martint ..... 5 You can see the Coliseum 6 The cafeteria . 7 There is a tourist bus 93

AT ON IN (prepositions of place - 3) Look at these pictures, and study the texts below. Look at this page.There is There is a man in a turban in the bo,ck a photograph at the top on rowlat the bach. the right, a graph at the There is a woman in a hat in the front rowlat the front. bottom on the left, and a box in the middle. USE 'We use AT with these expressions: at the top at the front at the bottom at the back 'We use ON with these expressions: on the left on one side on the right on the other side 'We use IN with these expressions: in the front row in the back row in the second row in the middle A11 these expressions take OF if you add the place: at the bottom of the street at the front of the class 'We can say at the front or in the front. Good English? Three of the phrases underlined are correct, and three are wrong. Tick (/) the correct ones, and rewrite the others. 1 He was standing on the lc of the plcture. 2 She was sitting on the front row. 3 There are some more chairs at the back. 4 He is in middle, between his sisters. 5 Let's sit at the front. 6 They were marching on the front of the column. 94

The President Visits the People @ Complete these sentences with the prepositions AT, 0N, lN or 0F. A big crowd came to see the President when he uisited our uillage. 1 I was standing ..... the back, so I couldn't see very well. 2 The President was sitting ...... the middle ...... the platform. 3 ...... his right was the Minister ...... Justice. 4 There was a tall woman ..... . the front row. 5 ...... my left I could see the presidential guards. There wds a big pister behind the President. 6 It said \"Long Live Ruritania!\" ...... the top. 7 ...... the middle there was a picture of the President. 8 ...... the bottom it said: \"Together We'Will Solve Our Problems\" 9 ...... one side . ..... the platform there was a tank, and .. ... the other side a militarv band. 'Wally's Classroorn @ Complete these sentences according to what you can see in the picture. You will need to use items from the USE box on the previous page. A The Students I There is a girl with long blond hair sitting ........ .... 1n 2 There .... in with short black hair sitting ........ ..... rn Ja There ..... with long black hair sitting ....... 1n .... 4 ....... with glasses ln ..... 5 ....... with a briefcase ......... B The Board the board, it says: \"My name is-Wally\". .......2+ 2 - 4. 6 itsays:2+ 2 = 5. Butit..... ... \"Africa\" 7 8 9 Your Roorn @ Now write five sentences about the room you are in, like this: 1 At the back of the room, there are 2 3 4 5 95

By In On At To (prepositions for travel - 4) Look at these pictures, and study the dialogues below. \"We u)ent by train, and tlten we went in \"What time did you get to his house?\" John\\ car, but the car brolze down and \"We arciaed at the station at 4 o'clock, but we didn't get to the house until 8.30.' we finished the journey on foot.\" Means of transport 'We use ON for walking: 'We use BY when we talked about transport in general: on foot by train by bus by Plane bY shiP cycle to the cinema 'We use ON when we talk about a specific bus or train etc: on the 5.30 train on the plane on the ship -We use BY and IN for cars: by car (general) in my car/rn the car (specific) T[avelling fly to Paris 'We use TO for travelling: walk to school drive to the office Arriving arrive at a place arrive in a place 'We use the following: get to a place -We use arrive at if we think of the place as a point on an imaginary map: They arrived atParrarna airport and changed planes. 'We use arrive in if we think of the place \"as a place\": 'We arrived in London and made our way to the hotel. D BE TO and GO TO The difference berween these fwo verbs is: where is the person now? If the person is going or is there now, then use GO; if the person is HERE (i.e., has come back), use BE: Has he been to New York? (I know he is here now; has he gone and come back?) Has he gone to New York? (is he in New York now?) Good English? e ln the following sentences, three of the underlined parts are right and three are wrong. Tick (/) the right ones, and rewrite the others. 1 \"Have you ever gpnelq New York?\" \"No, I haven't'\" 2 She arrived to the hotei at six, and went to her room. 3 \"Let's go by car!\" \"OK, do you want to come b)' m)t car?\" 4 -We went to Halifax bY shiP. 96