Jessica Platon - Thesis Revision for Panel Review

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 1849 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES times.” has the highest mean of 3.55 and interpreted as Normal Resilience. On the other hand, the indicator “I have a hard time making it through stressful events.” has the least mean of 2.55 and interpreted as Low Resilience. The results connote that despite the circumstances, students still manage to become resilient. Undeniably, this time is the most uncertain time for them throughout their journey as a student. They have had to overcome significant crises in their studies, family, career, interpersonal, and even intrapersonal. They were able to withstand setbacks, challenges, frustrations, and failures. The result could mean that they have endured those unfortunate circumstances. Or if not overcome, they were able to cope and adapt well to the unprecedented times. They tend to bounce back quickly after hard times probably because of the kind of mindset they have whenever they face difficulties. Engagement activities and a large network of support systems also play an important role. Different coping strategies were also available for them to proactively utilize. Students, instead of floundering or letting things keep them down, they were able to pick themselves up from a downfall. However, there may be students who were able to bounce back quickly but there were also who weren‘t able to do that. It could mean that some found a pretty good way of dealing with it more quickly than others. Also, it could mean that some are experiencing a minimal amount of stress compare to other. Besides, it may be true that students were able to bounce back quickly but the process is not smooth. Because each has different perceptions about their own problems and it is a case-to-case basis. It all depends on how students look at things. Also, it depends upon the gravity of the situation the students are dealing with. There are instances that it is easy for them to bounce back but there are also times that it was hard to make it through with it.

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 14990 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Cohen (2020) and Hurley (2019) both defined resilience as how well a person can adapt and recover from difficult events in their life. Riopel (2020) added that it is being able to bounce back quickly in times of stress. There are factors that contribute to building and/or strengthening one‘s resilience. According to American Psychological Association (APA), the ways in which individuals view and engage with the world, the availability and quality of social resources, and specific coping strategies are some of the factors that contribute to how well people adapt to adversities. Similarly, as mentioned by Hurley (2019), protective factors such as social support, realistic planning, self-esteem, coping skills, communication skills, and emotional regulation help build resilience by improving coping skills and adaptability. Harms et al. (2018) also mentioned that there are three protective factors namely individual factors, social factors, and community factors. On a different note, Hurley (2019) argued that resilience is not a fixed trait. Flexibility, adaptability, and perseverance can help people tap into their resilience by changing certain thoughts and behaviors. Besides, Riopel (2020) mentioned that having a good support system, maintaining positive relationships, having a good self-image, having a positive attitude are some ways to increase resilience. In addition, as cited in Ackerman (2020), according to Tugade & Frederickson (2004), the experience of many positive emotions and the management of negative emotions allow some individuals to bounce back better than others. Lastly, as cited in McGillivray and Pidgeon (2015), according to DeRoseier et al. (2013), students with higher levels of psychological distress have reported lower levels of resilience. Stallman (2010) found that academic stress among students is associated with increased levels of

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 19419 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES psychological distress resulting in reduced academic performance and psychological well-being (Felston, 2004; Stroeber & Rambow, 2007). Qualitative Aspect on Students’ Resilience Level Thematic Chart F Students’ Resilience and their Coping Strategies PARTICIPANT RESPONSES SUBORDINATE THEMES Student 4 “Sakin po ay yung right mindset lang Positive Emotion towards tapos kino-convert ko po yung iniisip Positive Outcome ko or yung ginagawa ko sa kunwari may iba pong event sa acad ganun after mag-acad or before imo- motivate ko na yung sarili ko or manunuod muna ako ng pampa- happy na bagay po. Sobrang laking impact kapag right mindset at positive yung mindset mo kase sobrang helpful niya sa panahon ngayon kahit na mahirap yung pinagdadaanan, kahit na ganun yung situation, parang you can stand alone, parang kaya mo na ang sarili mo though may support system ka, pero dahil may right mindset ka, parang kaya mo ng harapin kahit ano.” Student 8 “Kapag may positive emotion mas madali ang proseso ng pagbo-bounce back sa stress o sa problema na kinakaharap mo. Sabi nga po kung anuman ang iniisip mo yun po ang mangyayari so kailangan talaga ay positive mindset para mas maganda at mapadali ang outcome.”

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 19429 Student 10 “Ang pagkakaroon po ng positive emotion will result to a positive outcome po. Halimbawa meron ka nga pong problema, meron ka na pong mga stress at challenges, maga- act ka pa din ba ng mga negative. Kung gusto mong maka-ahon dun sa mga nararanasan mo at this moment kaya napaka-importante po ng positive emotion para po ang maging outcome din po ay maging okay sayo at sa mga nakapaligid sayo.” Student 2 “Tatlo po yung ways ko ng Desirable Activites paglalabas ko ng stress first is yun nga drawing lang ako kahit ano yung madrawing ko walang rule sige drawing ko lang. Dun sa mga activities syempre nakakakuha ako dun nga mga information na magagamit mo hindi naman kase lahat pare-parehas yung challenges at struggle na kakaharapin mo hindi lang naman yung constant kumbaga pabago-bago, iba-ibang level ng challenges so through the activities may natututunan kang mga life lessons o kung anumang lesson nan aka-impart dun sa activity na magagamit mo naman dun sa struggle o challenges na kakaharapin mo. “ Student 7 “Iiwas muna ako doon then ang gagawin ko po ay puro talaga ako ay maglalaro muna ng online games po. Talagang nararamdaman ko dun na nakakapahinga po ang aking utak tapos wala pong masyadong naiisip yun lang po ang ginagawa ko. Dun

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 19439 naman po sa mga bagay na ginagawa ko, nakakatulong din po siya para ma-release natin kahit papaano yung nararamdaman natin then sa pamamagitan din po ng mga bagay na iyon mas napapadali po ang ating nararamdaman. Kumbaga kapag mabigat yung nararamdaman mo, kapag nagawa mo yung isang bagay na ito parang nababago po yung pakiramdam mo dahil naeenjoy mo yung mga ginagawa mo.” Student 5 “Super laki po ng naitutulong po ng Support System atin pong support system from the word nga po na support, malaki pong suporta na ibinibigay po nila sa atin para po ma-cope po natin yung mga challenges at problems sa ating buhay. Yun pong mga taong nakapaligid na sumusuporta sakin is nagbibigay po ng advice, nagbibigay po ng tulong para po masolusyunan po yung isang problema…” Student 3 “Usually kapag may problema ako Self-Reflection actually nag-soul searching ako yung nagninilay-nilay. Nagrereflect po ako na ano ba nangyare ganun…”

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 9149 Student 1 “Malaking bagay din po yung alam Life‘s Meaning and Purpose natin yung meaning ng ating buhay kase parang iniisip po natin na parang bakit natin ginagawa yung isang bagay at alam po natin kung bakit natin pinaghihirapan yung isang bagay. Parang yung mga bagay na ginagawa natin alam na natin kung saan parating. Parang ginagawa natin yung isang kahit mahirap dahil alam natin kung para saan ito at kung ano ang purpose nito sa buhay natin.” Student 9 “Yun na pong accomplishments Accomplishments kumbaga yun po ay tinitingnan ko as a reward. Kapag may reward ka syempre masaya ka. Siya yung magiging encouragement mo para ma-achieve mo yung iba mo pang goals. Siya po yung nagiging reason to move forward.” As can be gleaned from Thematic Chart F, the superordinate theme, Students’ Resilience and their Coping Strategies was derived from the responses of the participants. The subordinate themes that emerged from the responses were: Positive Emotion towards Positive Outcome; Desirable Activities; Support System; Self-Reflection; Life’s Meaning and Purpose, and Accomplishments. Based on the responses, the participants have different coping strategies to bounce back from stressful situations brought by the pandemic. Some focused on their mindset and emotion. Relative to this, according to Magis (2020), one of the students stated “But I feel incredibly optimistic about the future, there is an antidote to fear, as it is HOPE that will pull us through

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 19459 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES these difficult times.” Some tried to enjoy desirable activities, some reached their and hands out to their support systems. Some reflected on their life‘s meaning and purpose, Jessica Griffin stated “… [T]his “corona-cation” has given me a lot of time to reflect.” (The New York Times, 2020). Also, according to Magis (2020), one of the students stated, “I find that I have a lot more time to myself which provides more reflection time...” Lastly, some made their accomplishments the reason to move forward. Participants made every aspect of their life to be the reason to come through difficult times. With all the unexpected stress and adversity this pandemic caused, being resilient is what we need to be able to withstand all of these. Resilience is a big factor for us to get through and overcome difficult circumstances. However, people tend to respond to stress and adversity differently. People used different strategies to cope with them. It depends upon the person on where he or she gets the strength to become resilient. During this pandemic, we must keep doing things that will keep us have a positive outlook in life, continuously develop realistic goals, stay connected, appreciate our wins small or big, and cultivate our life‘s meaning and purpose. People should maximize the sources of resilience to build, strengthen, enhance, and increase the capacity to become one. To conclude, the subordinate themes that emerged from the responses of the students played a big role in the quantitative result that students‘ resilience level is Normal. The coping strategies described by the participants helped them to have a Normal Resilience level. Their strategies might be the reason why the indicator “I tend to bounce back quickly after hard times.” obtained the highest mean. The participants responded that because of these strategies, they were able to become resilient and able to move forward. However, the indicator “I have a

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 19469 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES hard time making it through stressful events.” obtaining the least mean is contrary to the previous indicator. This is possible given the difference in the coping strategies used by the participants. The kind of strategy and its effectiveness vary from one person to another. Purpose Statement 3: Determine if there is any significant relationship between the level of well-being and resilience level among students of local colleges in the Province of Batangas during the COVID-19 pandemic. The table below provided the result of the assessment conducted to determine the significant relationship between level of well-being and resilience level among students of Local Colleges in the Province of Batanags during the COVID-19 pandemic. Table 3 Test of Significant Relationship between the Level of Well-being and Resilience Level among Students of Local Colleges in the Province of Batangas during the COVID-19 pandemic r value p value Decision Remarks Positive Emotion .294** .000 Reject Ho Significant Engagements .204** .000 Reject Ho Significant Relationship .274** .000 Reject Ho Significant Meaning .236** .000 Reject Ho Significant Accomplishment .242** .000 Reject Ho Significant Table 3 shows the test of the Significant Relationship Between the level of well-being and resilience level among students of local colleges in the Province of Batangas during the COVID-19 pandemic. The probability values are all less than the level of significance at .05 thus reject the null hypothesis. It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 19479 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES level of well-being and resilience level among students of local colleges in the Province of Batangas during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results above connote that there is a positive or direct association between the level of well-being and resilience level of the students. This implies that the higher the level of well- being, the higher the resilience level and vice versa. It can be noted that the two variables have a reciprocal relationship. There is a significant relationship between the level of well-being in terms of the five elements and resilience level. This could mean that having a positive emotion, being engaged, having a good support system, having a meaning in life, and having a sense of accomplishment is fundamentally associated with having a higher resilience level. This also indicates that the five elements are important variables in improving students‘ resilience. These elements can be considered as one of the protective factors that are related to resilience. As cited in Harms et al., (2018), resilience and well-being are fundamentally related and, in some instances, resilience is even measured using well-being instruments (Davydov et al., 2010; Windle, 2011). Some researchers have argued that higher levels of well-being serve as an antecedent of resilience (e.g. Kuntz, Näswall, & Malinen, 2016). There are a number of studies that provide evidence about the relationship between well-being and resilience. Abreu & Blanco ( 2017), Chow et al., (2018), Fernández et al., (2018), Harms et al., (2018), Kajbafnezhad & Keshi (2015), Li & Hasson (2020), Satici (2016), Svence & Majors (2015), Tomyn and Weinberg (2016), Turner et al., (2017), Wu et al., (2020), and Yu & Chae (2020) all stated that psychological well-being and resilience have positive and significant correlation and relationship. The results of the studies point out that resilience is an important variable in

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 19489 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES improving psychological well-being and that well-being leads to the increase of resilience and vice versa. Relative to this, as cited in Pogosyan (2016), Dr. Fredrickson mentioned that research reveals that one-way resilience is acquired is through daily experiences of positive emotions. Moreover, as stated by Fernández et al., (2018), scientific research has found that resilience is positively associated with positive affect and satisfaction with life. Individuals with a resilient profile experience more positive emotions in stressful situations than less resilient subjects. Also, positive emotional states lead to higher levels of resilience which means that resilience is partly due to the presence of positive emotions. Comparably, as cited in Wu et al., (2020), resilience and positive emotions might have a reciprocal influence on each other (Smith, 2009), Tugade et al., (2005) argued that positive emotions served an important function in the ability of resilient individuals to rebound from stressful encounters. Also, as cited in Ackerman (2020), Peng et al., (2014) found that positive emotions and resilience are positively correlated, indicating that one leads to the other or they share a bi-directional relationship. Similarly, Svence & Majors (2015) cited that it was found that individuals with a high level of resilience are likely to be more positive towards themselves. Moreover, as cited in Madeson (2021), Seligman et al. (2005) mentioned that research on engagement has found that individuals who try to use their strengths in new ways each day for a week were happier and less depressed after six months. Tyler (2018) stated that resilience is a key aspect of engagement because it helps individuals rebound from negative events. Furthermore, according to Lanquist (2016), research has shown that a strong support system can promote resilience and help someone manage stress during a difficult time. Similarly,

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 19499 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Southwick et al. (2016) stated that social support is a key correlate of psychological resilience, however, its effectiveness may vary by the type of support provided and the extent to which it matches an individual‘s need. In addition, it was mentioned that a large body of research has found that psychological resilience is generally fostered by environmental/caregiving conditions that are loving, emotionally responsive, consistent, and reliable. This work suggests that, when the environment also provides ample opportunities to master challenges and stresses, it can have an ―inoculating‖ or ―steeling‖ effect, which can help promote resilience. Lastly, as cited in Madeson (2021), Seligman (2012) mentioned that having a purpose in life helps individuals focus on what is really important in the face of significant challenge or adversity. Problem Number 4. Based on the findings of the study, what mental health-related program may be proposed? As an output of this study, a Mental Health Program utilizing the PERMA Model was made. This program will serve as a guide for the Local Colleges as it promotes students‘ mental health and resilience. KEY OBJECTIVES STRATEGI TIME PERSONS SOURC SUCCESS RESULT ES/ FRAME INVOLVE E OF INDICATO AREA/ AREA OF ACTIVITIE D FUND RS CONCERN S Positive To enable the Group Septemb Guidance Trust Average of Emotion students to Guidance er 2021 Personnel Fund – very recognize the role Session Students FHE of Positive Guidanc satisfactory Emotion in their Guidance e Fees in the activity well-being evaluation (90-95%) To help students Administratio Septemb Trust 90-95% of

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 110409 discover their n of VIA er 2021 Personnel Fund – students were character Character – Students FHE able to take strengths and use Strengths Guidanc the survey these to lead to a October e Fees Survey 2021 more positive emotion To indulge Mental Health October Guidance Trust 90% students in an Awareness 2021 Personnel Fund – students‘ activity that Week Students FHE attendance generates positive Guidanc emotion Webinar Other e Fees Average of School very To help students Social Novemb Personnel Trust acquire life skills Emotional er 2021 Fund – satisfactory such as positive Learning Guidance FHE in the activity coping and (SEL) Series Personnel Guidanc problem-solving Students e Fees evaluation skills Social (90-95%) Emotional Other Trust Learning School Fund – 90% (SEL) Series Personnel FHE students‘ Guidanc attendance To aid students to Mental Health October Guidance e Fees understand the Education 2021 Personnel Average of concept of self- Students Trust very care and Fund – their responsibilit Other FHE satisfactory ies for their School Guidanc in the activity mental health Personnel e Fees evaluation To enable Webinar Decemb Guidance Trust (90-95%) students to er 2021 Personnel Fund – explore and Students 90% manage emotions students‘ Guidance attendance To eliminate the School-wide Whole Personnel stigma on Mental dissemination year Average of very satisfactory in the activity evaluation (90-95%) 90% students‘ attendance Average of very satisfactory in the activity evaluation (90-95%) 95% of the available

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 110419 Health of info round Students FHE inforgraphics graphics Guidanc were e Fees disseminated Mental Health Awareness 90% Week students‘ attendance Mental Health Education Average of very Mental Health Campaign satisfactory in the activity Engagement To enable the Group Septemb Guidance Trust students to Guidance er 2021 Personnel Fund – evaluation recognize the role Session FHE (90-95%) of Engagement in Students Guidanc Average of their well-being e Fees very satisfactory in the activity evaluation (90-95%) To help students Administratio Septemb Guidance 90-95% of discover their n of VIA er 2021 Personnel students were character Character able to take strengths and use Strengths – Students these to help Survey October the survey them find flow 2021 To engage Mental Health October Guidance Trust 90-95% students in Awareness 2021 Personnel Fund – students‘ activities that will Week Students FHE attendance showcase their Guidanc special interest, Group Other e Fees Average of talents and skills Guidance School very Session Personnel Trust Fund – satisfactory Relationship To enable the Trainings/ Septemb Guidance FHE in the activity students to Workshops er 2021 Personnel Guidanc recognize the role Students e Fees evaluation of Relationship in Group (90-95%) their well-being Guidance Guidance Average of Session Personnel very satisfactory in the activity evaluation (90-95%) To help students Administratio Septemb 90-95% of discover their students were character n of VIA er 2021 able to take Character –

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 110429 strengths and use Strengths October Student the survey these to lead to a Survey 2021 better relationships To encourage Social Novemb Guidance Trust Average of meaningful and Emotional er 2021 Personnel Fund – very close connections Learning FHE among students (SEL) Series Guidanc satisfactory e Fees in the activity evaluation (90-95%) To help students Social Decemb Guidance Trust Average of understand the Emotional er 2021 Personnel Fund – very perspectives and Learning FHE feelings of others (SEL) Series Guidanc satisfactory e Fees in the activity evaluation (90-95%) To help students Social February Guidance Trust Average of sustain their Emotional 2022 Personnel Fund – very current support Learning FHE system (SEL) Series Guidanc satisfactory e Fees in the activity evaluation (90-95%) To create a Peer Septemb Guidance 90-95% of stronger Mentoring er 2021- Personnel the peer connection and Coaching mentoring between higher May Students and lower year 2022 and coaching level students by activities providing were opportunities implemented To build good relationship and Community May Guidance Trust Average of connection with Engagement 2022 Personnel Fund – very the community FHE Program Students Guidanc satisfactory e Fees in the activity Other persons evaluation involved (90-95%) 90-95% of the community engagement activities were implemented 90-95%

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 110439 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES participation of the involved persons Meaning To enable the Group Septemb Guidance Trust Average of students to Guidance er 2021 Personnel Fund – very recognize the role Session FHE of Meaning in Guidance Guidanc satisfactory their well-being Personnel e Fees in the activity Guidance evaluation Personnel (90-95%) To help students Administratio Septemb Guidance 90-95% of discover their n of VIA er 2021 Personnel students were character Character Students able to take strengths and use Strengths – these to cultivate Survey October the survey life‘s meaning and purpose 2021 To aid students Social Septemb Trust Average of discover their Emotional er 2021 Fund – very values and Learning FHE motivation (SEL) Series Guidanc satisfactory e Fees in the activity evaluation (90-95%) To cultivate Community May Trust 90-95% of students‘ sense of Engagement 2022 Fund – the meaning and FHE purpose through Program Guidanc community helping others e Fees engagement ―Act of Kindness‖ activities Activity were implemented 90-95% participation of the involved persons To guide students Webinar March Guidance Trust Average of gain a greater 2022 Personnel Fund – very understanding of FHE the concept of Students Guidanc satisfactory self-awareness e Fees in the activity and how this Other shapes their sense persons evaluation involved (90-95%)

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 10449 of meaning and purpose To offer students Life Crafting January Guidance Trust 90-95% of a chance to Activities 2022 Personnel Fund – the life evaluate their FHE crafting goals and Socio- Students Guidanc activities rediscover Emotional e Fees were meaning in life Learning implemented (SEL) Series Accomplishm To enable the Group Septemb Guidance Trust 90-95% ent students to Guidance er 2021 Personnel Fund – activity recognize the role Session Students FHE evaluation of Guidanc result Accomplishment Guidance e Fees in their well- Personnel being Students To help students Administratio Septemb Guidance 90-95% of discover their n of VIA er 2021 Personnel students were character Character Students able to take strengths and use Strengths – these to achieve Survey October Guidance the survey more Personnel accomplishments 2021 Students To assist students Social April Guidance 90-95% to reflect on their Emotional 2022 Personnel students‘ strengths and Learning weakness that (SEL) Series: attendance will allow them Personal to achieve their 95% of the goals SWOT attendees was Analysis able to To help students Social April Trust submitted the develop a growth Emotional 2022 Fund – mindset in all Learning FHE Personal aspect of their (SEL) Series Guidanc SWOT lives e Fees Analysis Webinar Average of very satisfactory in the activity evaluation (90-95%) To encourage Social Septemb Trust Average of students to set Emotional er 2021 Fund – very

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 110459 SMART goals Learning Students FHE satisfactory and to discover (SEL) Series Guidanc in the activity positive ways to e Fees achieve these evaluation goals (90-95%)

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 149 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Chapter 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS This chapter presented the summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on the data gathered and presented. Summary of Findings Based on the data gathered and after careful and thorough analysis, the following were the findings of the study in summarized form. 1. Level of well-being among students of Local Colleges in the Province of Batangas during the COVID-19 pandemic in both quantitative and qualitative aspect. 1.1 In terms of quantitative aspect, students‘ level of well-being in terms of Positive Emotion generated a composite mean of 7.33 and interpreted as Normal Functioning. In terms of Engagement, the general composite mean was 6.97 and interpreted as Normal Functioning. In terms of Relationship, the general composite mean was 7.63 and interpreted as Normal Functioning. In terms of Meaning, the general composite mean was 7.68 and interpreted as Normal Functioning. In terms of Accomplishment, the general composite mean was 7.31 and interpreted as Normal Functioning. 1.2 In terms of qualitative aspect, students‘ well-being in terms of Positive Emotion generated a superordinate theme Mixed of Positive and Negative Emotions. In terms of Engagement, the superordinate theme Varied Activities during the Pandemic generated subordinate themes Playing Online Games (Mobile Legends);

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 110479 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Watching TV/Drama Series; Engaging in Church-related Activities; Online Shopping; Creating and Watching TikTok Videos; Enhancing Skills, and Completing Academic Requirements. In terms of Relationship, the superordinate theme Students’ Support System generated subordinate themes Financial Support from Family; Emotional Support from Friends, Spritual Support from Churchmates. In terms of Meaning, the superordinate theme Students‘ Realizations of Life during the Pandemic generated subordinate themes Clear Life Vision; “Life is Short”, and Perseverance against Life’s Challenges. Lastly, in terms of Accomplishment, the superordinate theme Students’ Accomplishments During the Pandemic generated subordinated themes Positive Academic Performance; Complete Academic Requirements; Skills Development; Work-related Achievements, and Contribution for the Family’s Achievement. 2. Resilience Level Among Students of Local Colleges in the Province of Batangas during the COVID-19 Pandemic in both quantitative and qualitative aspect. 2.1 In terms of quantitative aspect, the general composite mean was 3.01 and interpreted as Normal Resilience. 2.2 In terms of qualitative aspect, the superordinate theme Students’ Resilience and their Coping Strategies generated subordinate themes Positive Emotion towards Positive Outcome; Desirable Activities; Support System; Self-Reflection; Life’s Meaning and Purpose, and Accomplishments.

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 110489 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 3. Test of Significant Relationship between the Level of Well-being and Resilience Level among Students of Local Colleges in the Province of Batangas during the COVID-19 Pandemic The probability values are all less than the level of significance of .05 thus rejects the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is a significant relationship between the level of well-being and resilience level among students of local colleges in the Province of Batangas during the COVID-19 pandemic. 4. Proposed mental health-related program based on the findings of the study As an output of this study, a Mental Health Program utilizing the PERMA Model was made. This program will serve as a guide for the Local Colleges as it promotes students‘ mental health and resilience. Conclusions Based on the aforementioned findings of the study, the following conclusions have been derived: 1. That the students‘ level of well-being is in normal functioning because of the positive emotions they have despite the pandemic. Although students experience a roller coaster of emotions, it could mean that they let the positive emotions outnumber negative ones. Also, because they were able to seize every opportunity to engage themselves in different things, do exciting and interesting things they usually don‘t have time to do, and spent their free time learning more things and developed some new interests to keep them busy

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 1049 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES and energized. The strong supports system plays an important role in students‘ well- being during the pandemic. Battling with an onslaught of stressors, students rely on their family, friends, workmates, romantic partner, confidants, and companions. The support they are receiving from those who play a supportive role to them plays a big part for them to withstand circumstances. Relative to this, despite all extraordinary situations that caused uncertainty and confusion, students were able to lead a purposeful and meaningful life, have a sense of direction, and treasure their life as valuable and worthwhile. They still manage to function well with their life‘s purpose and meaning being intact. Lastly, students having a sense of accomplishment is a big help to their well-being. The progress they have made, the responsibilities they handled well, and the goals they achieved so far, fuel their eagerness to live well and to be happy despite the pandemic. 2. That despite the circumstances, students still manages to become resilient. Having positive emotions, doing desirable activities, maximizing their support system, reflecting on themselves, having a clear vision on their life‘s meaning and purpose, and appreciating their accomplishments help them overcome and withstood significant crises, setbacks, challenges, frustrations, and failures. They were also able to cope and adapt well to unprecedented times. 3. That there was a significant relationship between the level of well-being and resilience level among students of Local Colleges in the Province of Batangas. There was a positive or direct association between the level of well-being and resilience level of the students. It implied that the higher the level of well-being, the higher the resilience level and vice versa. It can be noted that the two variables have a reciprocal relationship. Having a positive emotion, being engaged, having a good support system, having meaning in life,

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 11409 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES and having a sense of accomplishment is fundamentally associated with having a higher resilience level. 4. That the proposed mental health program is essential and is a great initiative to promote students‘ mental health and resilience. Recommendations The following are the recommendations offered based on the summarized findings and conclusions drawn. 1. Local Colleges may take initiatives towards guiding students to maintain and improve their well-being using the PERMA model. Students‘ well-being in terms of PERMA elements were all Normal Functioning despite there are two higher levels after that. Local colleges should aim for a High Functioning or if possible Very High Functioning level of well-being. Local Colleges may also take measures to address concerns that affect students‘ well-being. 2. Local Colleges may cultivate resilience more among students through meaningful programs or activities. Students‘ resilience level is Normal, however, Local Colleges should aim for a High resilience level of students. Students should be equipped with the capacity to adapt skilfully and cope effectively with life‘s adversity. Besides, Local Colleges may also take action to identify the factors contributing to low resilience. 3. Local Colleges may opt to utilize other models or frameworks that will reinforce more the relationship of the well-being and resilience. This initiative will be a great

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 114191 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES stride to continuously and consistently be able to create and foster safe , productive, and positive learning environment. Since well-being and resilience are important factors to prevent the onset of mental health problems as well as potentially lessening the severity of existing mental health problems, Local Colleges may diligently encourage collaborative efforts among the members of the institution to maximize their impact on students‘ well-being and resilience. 4. Local Colleges may utilize the proposed mental health program or make it tailored- made to ensure that it fits well to the characteristics of students they have. Local Colleges may also use the program as the initial basis to start formulating policies and services to further promote students‘ mental health. 5. Future researchers may utilize other well-being and resilience framework or model to assess students‘ well-being and resilience levels. Also, they may use this study as a reference for future research about students‘ well-being and resilience level during the COVID-19 pandemic or any other adversities in life.

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 114192 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES REFERENCES Abreu, H. & Blanco, A. (2017). The Well-being at Work and Resilience: A Study Correlation in Nursing Technicians in Hospital. Research Gate. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319280803_THE_WELL- BEING_AT_WORK_AND_RESILIENCE_A_STUDY_CORRELATION_IN_NURSIN G_TE CHNICIANS_IN_HOSPITA L Ackerman, C. (2020). Positive Emotions: A List of 26 Examples & Definition in Psychology. Psychology Today. Retrieved from https://positivepsychology.com/positive-emotions- list-examples-definition-psychology Alandete, J. (2015). Does Meaning in Life Predict Psychological Well-being? An Analysis using the Spanish Versions of the Purpose-in-Life Test and the Ryff‘s Scales. The European Journal of Counselling Psychology, 2015, Vol. 3(2), doi:10.5964/ejcop.v3i2.27 American Psychological Association. APA Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved from https://dictionary.apa.org/resilience Anderson, G. (2020). A Generation Defined by the Pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/10/15/students-continue-be-stressed- about-college-their-futures Ascenso, S., Perkins, R., and Williamon, A. (2018). Resounding Meaning: A PERMA Wellbeing Profile of Classical Musicians. Frontiers in Psychology. Retrieved

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 114193 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01895/full#B75 Balibay, A. (2020). Quanrantine Survey Says Filipinos Feel More Positive Emotions, Concerns for Others Tops Responses. Good News Pilipinas. Retrieved from https://www.goodnewspilipinas.com/quarantine-survey-says-filipinos-feel-more- positive-emotions-concern-for-others-tops-responses/ Belyh, A. (2019). The PERMA Model: Bringing Well-being and Happiness to Your Life. Retrieved from https://www.cleverism.com/perma-model-bringing-well-being- and-happiness-to- your-life/ Booth, F. (2019). A teacher‘s tip: supporting student well-being in the classroom. Retrieved from https://medium.com/twinkl-educational-publishers/a-teachers-tips-supporting-student- wellbeing-in-your-classroom-9524b39296a Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 1-48. doi:10.5502/ijw.v6i3.1 Burns, D., Dagnall, N., & Holt, M. (2020). Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Student Wellbeing at Universities in the United Kingdom: A Conceptual Analysis. Frontiers in Education. Volume 5, (2020), pages 204. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.582882 Camitan, D. S., 4th, & Bajin, L. N. (2021). The Importance of Well-Being on Resiliency of Filipino Adults During the COVID-19 Enhanced Community Quarantine: A Necessary Condition Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 558930. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.558930

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 111449 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Chow, K., Tang, W., Chan, W., Sit, W., Choi, K., and Chan, S. (2018). Resilience and well- being of university nursing students in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ 18, 13 (2018). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1119-0 Cohen, H. (2020). What is Resilience?. Psych Central. Retrieved from https://psychcentral.com/lib/what-is-resilience/ Corporate Finance Institute. PERMA Model. Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishments. Retrieved from https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/careers/soft-skills/perma-model/ Datu, J. & Mateo, N. (2015). Gratitude and Life Satisfaction among Filipino Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Meaning in Life. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling 37, 198–206 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-015-9238-3 Dennon, A. (2020). Coronavirus Impacts on Students and Online Learning. Best Colleges. Retrieved from https://www.bestcolleges.com/blog/coronavirus-impacts-on- students/ Dutton, V. (2017). PERMA - M if for Meaning. Positive Change Guru. Retrieved from https://positivechangeguru.com/perma-m-is-for-meaning/ Eliüșük, B. A. (2018). Adaptation of the PERMA well-being scale into Turkish: Validity and reliability studies. Education Research and Reviews, 13(4), 129-135. Retrieved from https://academicjournals.org/journal/ERR/how-to-cite-article/15C001356095

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 111459 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Escorza, Y. H. (2020). Students Emotional Development: Crucial Times of COVID. Retrieved from https://observatory.tec.mx/edu-bits-2/how-to-develop-students-emotional-skills Everly, G.S. (2018). 7 Characteristics of Resilient Relationships. Psychology Today. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/when-disaster-strikes-inside-disaster- psychology/201804/7-characteristics-resilient Falgui, J. (2020). My Students‘ Reflections on ―A Day in my Life During Covid-19‖ – Ateneo de Manila Junior High School. Retrieved from https://www.educatemagis.org/blogs/my- students-reflections-on-a-day-in-my-life-during-covid-19%E2%80%B3-ateneo-de- manila-junior-high-school/ Fernández, A., Díaz, E., and Saez, I. (2018). The Role of Resilience and Psychological Well- Being in School Engagement and Perceived Academic Performance: An Exploratory Model to Improve Academic Achievement, Health and Academic Achievement, Blandina Bernal-Morales, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.73580. Ford, B. & Mauss, I. B. (2020). Emotion experience and well-being. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener (Eds), Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign, IL: DEF publishers. Retrieved from http://noba.to/uk6dvwyf Fulton, A. (2020). Staying Strong During Lockdown Means Reaching Out – And Working Your Mind, Too. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/sections/health- shots/2020/08/18/900245970/staying-strong-during-lockdown-means-reaching-out-and- working-your-mind-too

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 111469 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Gao, T., Ding, X., Chai, J., Zhang, Z., Zhang, H., Kong, Y., and Mei, S. (2017). The Influence of Resilience on Mental Health: The Role of General Well- being. International Journal of Nursing Practice. Vol. 23 No. 3, 2017. DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12535 Garcia, R. (2018). Understanding the Filipino Brand of Happiness. Retrieved from https://medium.com/humaling/understanding-the-filipino-brand-of-happiness- a7d74c618f1 Gräbel, B. (2017). The Relationship between Well-being and Academic Achievement. A Systematic Review. Retrieved from https://essay.utwente.nl/73514/1/Gr%C3%A4bel_MA%20Positive%20Psychology%20A nd%20Technology_Faculty%20of%20Behavioral,%20Managment%20&%20Social%20 Science.pdf Harms, P. D., Brady, L., Wood, D., & Silard, A. (2018). Resilience and well-being. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.), Handbook of well-being. Salt Lake City, UT: DEF Publishers. DOI:nobascholar.com Retrieved from https://www.nobascholar.com/chapters/4/download.pdf Hayes, A. (2020). Simple Random Sample. Investopedia. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/simple-random-sample.asp Hurley, K. (2019). What is Resilience? Your Guide to Facing Life‘s Challenges, Adversities, and Crises. Everyday Health. Retrieved from https://www.everydayhealth.com/wellness/resilience/ ItsMyTime.org. PERMA. Retrieved from https://www.itsmytime.org.uk/perma

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 111479 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Khan, A., Sultana, M., Hossain, S., Hasan, M., Ahmed, H., and Sikder, M. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health & well-being among home-quarantined Bangladeshi students: A cross-sectional pilot study. Journal of Affective Disorders. Volume 277, 1 December 2020, Pages 121-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.135 King-White, D.L. (2019). The role of school counselors in supporting mental health models in schools. Journal of School Counseling, 17(4). Retrieved from http:/www.jsc.montana.edu/articles/v17n4.pdf Kajbafnezhad, H. & Keshi, A. (2015). Predicting Personality Resiliency by Psychological Well-being and Its Components in Girl Students of Islamic Azad University. I- manager‘s Journal on Educational Psychology. Vol, 8 No. 4, February – April 2015. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1098158.pdf Kashdan, T. (2017). How Many Ways Can We Measure Well-being. Reconsidering how we think about the subject. Psychology Today. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/curious/201710/how-many-ways-can- we- measure-well-being Krok, D. (2017). When is Meaning in Life Most Beneficial to Young People? Styles of Meaning in Life and Well-Being Among Late Adolescents. J Adult Dev 25, 96– 106 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-017-9280-y Lanquist, L. (2016). The Power of Support Systems for People Battling Serious Illnesses. Retrieved from https://www.self.com/story/yes-having-a-support-system-really-does- matter-when-youre-battling-a-terminal-

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 111489 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 1 illness#:~:text=A%20strong%20support%20system%20can,stress%20during%20a%20di fficult%20time. Lanuza, M., Rizal, R., Aligam, N., and Uy, R. (2020). Contextualize Program of Strengthening Academic Resilience Level of the Secondary Education Students. Journal of Critical Reviews. Vol. 7 No. 11, 2020. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.11.46 Li, Z. & Hasson, F. (2020). Resilience, stress, and psychological well-being in nursing students: A systematic review. Nurse Education Today. Vol. 90, 2020 Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104440. Madeson, M. (2021). Seligman‘s PERMA+ Model Explained: A Theory of Well-being. Retrieved from https://positivepsychology.com/perma-model/ Magis, E. (2020). Students‘ Refelctions on ― A Day in my Life During Covid-19‖ – United States. Retrieved from https://www.educatemagis.org/blogs/students-reflections-on-a- day-in-my-life-during-covid-19%E2%80%B3-united-states/ M alkoç, A. & Yal çın, İ. (2015). Relationships among Resilience, Social Support, Coping and Psychological Well-being among University Students. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal. Vol. 5 No. 43, 2015. Retrieved from http://turkpdrdergisi.com/index.php/pdr/article/view/4 McGillivray, C. and Pidgeon, A. (2015). Resilience Attributes Among University Students: A Comparative Study of Psychological Distress, S l eep Disturbance, and Mindfulness. European Scientific Journal February 2015

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 111499 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES edition vol.11, No.5 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/236409719.pdf Mead, E. (2020). 8 PERMA Model Activities and Worksheets to Apply With Clients. Retrieved from https://positivepsychology.com/happiness-wellbeing-coaching- perma/ Mental Health Foundation. (2016). Relationships in the 21st century: the forgotten foundation of mental health and wellbeing (p. 45). Mental Health Foundation.Retrieved from https://www.wechu.org/sites/default/files/workplace%20wellness/ease%20your%20mind /relationship_ebulletin_FINAL.PDF Milnes, O. (2020). Students Say Staying Busy Helps Social Distancing Stress. The Lantern. Retrieved from https://www.thelantern.com/2020/03/students-say-staying-busy-helps- social-distancing-stress/ Molina-Azorin, J.F. (2016). Mixed Methods Research: An Opportunity to Improve our Studies and Our Research Skills. European Journal of Management and Business Economics Volume 25 No. 2, May 2016, Pages 37-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redeen.2016.05.001 Mulder, P. (2018). PERMA Model. Retrieved from https://www.toolshero.com/psychology/perma-model/ Navarez, J. (2017). Presence of Meaning, Search for Meaning, and Happiness Among Filipino College Students. Retrieved from https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp- content/uploads/pdf/conferences/research-congress-proceedings/2017/LLI/LLI-I-005.pdf

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 112409 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Nelson, D., Tarabochia, D., & Koltz, R. (2015). PACES: A Model of Student Well-being. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1079029.pdf Nyumba, T., Wilson, K., Derrick, C. & Mukherjee, N. (2018). The Use of Focus Group Discussion Methodology: Insights from Two Decades of Application in Conversation. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 2017;9:20–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041- 210X.12860 Ochoa, C. (2017). Random Sampling: Simple Random Sampling. Retrieved from https://www.netquest.com/blog/en/random-sampling-simple-random- sampling#:~:text=DEFINITION,being%20selected%20for%20the%20sample.&text=The %20individuals%20whose%20numbers%20are%20selected%20become%20our%20sam ple. Osorio, B. (2019). So Here‘s What Really Makes Filipinos Happy. The Philippine Star. Retrieved from https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/sunday-life/2019/08/11/1942234/so- heres-what-really-makes-filipinos-happy Parenting for Brain (2020). Resilience Theory in Psychology (Definitions and Characteristics). Retrieved from https://www.parentingforbrain.com/resilience-theory/ Pascha, M. (2020). The PERMA Model: Your Scientific Theory of Happiness. Positive Psychology. Retrieved from https://positivepsychology.com/perma-model/ Pogosyan, M. (2016). Positive Emotions and Well-being. Insights from Positive Psychology. Psychology Today. Retrieved fromhttps://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/between-cultures/201611/positive- emotions-and-well-being

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 12419 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Positive Psychology Center. PERMA TM Theory of Well-being and PERMA TM Workshops. Retrieved from https://ppc.sas.upenn.edu/learn-more/perma-theory-well-being- and-perma-works hops Psytoolkit.org (2020). Resilience (BRS). Retrieved from https://www.psytoolkit.org/survey- library/resilience-brs.html ReachOut.com (2020). Achievement and Positive Psychology. Retrieved from https://schools.au.reachout.com/articles/achievement-and-positive-psychology ReachOut.com (2020). Positive Emotions and Positive Psychology. Retrieved from https://schools.au.reachout.com/articles/positive-emotions-and-positive-psycholo gy Reliefweb (2020). Through Her Lens. The Impact of COVID-19 on Filipino Girls and Young Women. Plan International. Retrieved from https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/through-her-lens-impact-covid-19-filipino- girls- and-young-women Shean, M. (2015). Current Theories relating to Resilience and Young People. A Literature Review. VicHealth. Retrieved from https://evidenceforlearning.org.au/assets/Grant- Round-II-Resilience/Current-theo ries-relating-to-resilience-and-young-people.pdf Shukla, P. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on Students‘ Mental Health and Well-being. Retrieved from https://www.psychreg.org/impact-of-covid-19-on-students-mental- health-and- well-being/ Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. International journal of behavioral medicine, 15(3), 194-200.

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 112429 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Southwick, S., Sippel, L., Krystal, J., Charney, D., Mayes, L., and Pietrzak, R. (2016). Why are some individuals more resilient than others: the role of social support. World Psychiatry. 2016 Feb; 15(1): 77–79. doi: 10.1002/wps.20282 Spencer, B. (2019). Supporting Student Well-being in Schools. Retrieved from https://blog.teamsatchel.com/supporting-student-wellbeing-in-schools Svence, G. & Majors, M. (2015). Correlation of Well with Resilience and Age. Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century. Vol. 9, No. 1, 2015 pages 45-56. Retrieved from http://www.scientiasocialis.lt/ppc/node/files/pdf/45-56.Svence_Vol.9-1_ppc.pdf Tan, K. & Tay, L. (2020). Relationships and well-being. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener (Eds), Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign, IL: DEF publishers. Retrieved from http://noba.to/h2tu6sxn Tee, M., Tee. C., Anlacan, J., Aligam, K., Reyes, P., Kuruchittham, V., and Ho, R. (2020). Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 277, 1 December 2020, pages 379-391. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032720326495 The Filipino Times (2019). Filipinos Most Emotional in the World – Gallup Survey. Retrieved from https://filipinotimes.net/feature/2019/04/30/filipinos-emotional-world-gallup- survey/ The New York Times (2020). What Students Are Saying About Living Through a Pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/learning/what-students-are-saying- about-living-through-a-pandemic.html

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 14293 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Turner, M., Young, C., and Holdsworth, S. (2017) Promoting wellbeing at university: the role of resilience for students of the built environment, Construction Management and Economics, 35:11-12, 707-718, DOI: 10.1080/01446193.2017.1353698 Uy, A. (2020). COVID-19 Impact on Mental Health Of Filipinos. The Asian Post. Retrieved from https://theaseanpost.com/article/covid-19-impact-mental-health- filipinos World Health Organization (2018). Mental health: strengthening our response.Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening- our-response Wu, Y., Sang, Z., Zhang, X., and Margraf, J. (2020). The Relationship Between Resilience and Mental Health in Chinese College Students: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00108/full Yu, J. & Chae, S. (2020). The Mediating Effect of Resilience on the Relationship between the Academic Burnout and Psychological Well-being of Medical Students. Korean Journal of Medical Education, 2020, Vol. 31(1): 13-21, doi:10.3946/kjme.2020.149

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 14294 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES APPENDICES APPENDIX A ENDORSEMENT LETTER March 02, 2021 MR. MICHAEL E. LIRIO President and College Administrator Tanauan City College Trapiche1, Tanauan City, Batangas Dear Mr. Lirio: Greetings of Peace! The undersigned is a graduate student of Laguna College of Business and Arts, pursuing Master of Arts in Education Major in Guidance and Counseling and is currently working on her master‘s thesis entitled ―PERMA and Resilience among Students of Local Colleges in the Province of Batangas: Basis for Developing Mental Health Program‖. This study aims to assess the well-being and resilience of students during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this connection, I am humbly asking your approval to administer the instrument tools and conduct a focus group discussion to tertiary students who are 18 to 22 years old. Since data gathering will be conducted online, I am also seeking your permission to request for the pertinent students‘ information needed in the study such as name of students (age 18-22 years old) and their email address. Your kind approval will be a great help for this study to be realized. Rest assured that the information will be treated with strict confidentiality and will be used for research purposes only. Thank you very much for your favourable response and kind assistance. May God bless you and Tanauan City College. Respecfully, JESSICA R. PLATON, RPm Researcher Recommending Approval: SHELLA R. GARCIA, RGC, LPT Thesis Adviser MA. LORENA M. TAGALA, EdD Dean, School of Graduate Studies Approved: MICHAEL E. LIRIO, CPA, MMPA TCC President and College Administrator

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 112459 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES APPENDIX B LETTERS TO RESPONDENTS Dear Respondent: I am Jessica R. Platon, a MAEd- Guidance and Counseling student at Laguna College of Business and Arts (LCBA). At present, I am conducting my thesis entitled: “PERMA and Resilience among Students of Local Colleges in the Province of Batangas: Basis for Developing Mental Health Program”. One of the main goals of my study is to assess students‘ well-being and resilience. In line with this, I am asking your favor to become one of the respondents to answer these measurement tools. Rest assured that information that will be gathered will be treated with strict confidentiality and will be used for research purposes only. Thank you very much. Sincerely yours, JESSICA R. PLATON Researcher

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 112469 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES APPENDIX C LETTERS TO PARTICIPANTS April 22, 2021 MARK VINCENT S. BALITA Bachelor of Elementary Education Student Colegio ng Lungsod ng Batangas Poblacion, Batangas City Dear Mr. Balita: I am a graduate school student of Laguna College of Business and Arts (LCBA) and currently conducting my research entitled “PERMA and Resilience among Students of Local Colleges in the Province of Batangas: Basis for Developing Mental Health Program” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Education major in Guidance and Counseling. In line with this, I would like to ask your permission to allow me to conduct interviews through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) as to your well-being and resilience level given your experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. In FGD, there will be 10 participants who are college students as well. It will be held via Google meet. The discussion will be recorded which will be deleted after the study. I anticipate with gratitude your favorable approval on this request and I assure you that the information gathered shall be treated with strict confidentiality and shall be used exclusively for the purpose of this study. Thank you and God bless. Sincerely, JESSICA R. PLATON Researcher Noted: MS. SHELLA R. GARCIA, RGC,LPT Thesis Adviser DR. MA. LORENA M. TAGALA Dean, School of Graduate Studies

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 112479 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES APPENDIX D SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE Dear Respondent: I am Jessica R. Platon, a MAEd- Guidance and Counseling student at Laguna College of Business and Arts (LCBA). At present, I am conducting my thesis entitled: “PERMA and Resilience among Students of Local Colleges in the Province of Batangas: Basis for Developing Mental Health Program”. One of the main goals of my study is to assess students‘ well-being and resilience. In line with this, I am asking your favor to become one of the respondents to answer these measurement tools. Rest assured that information that will be gathered will be treated with strict confidentiality and will be used for research purposes only. Thank you very much. Sincerely yours, JESSICA R. PLATON I. Information Direction: Please input the needed information. Age: ___________ Sex: _____________ II. Level of Well-being Direction: Level of well-being will be assessed through The PERMA Profiler questionnaire. This measures five elements of well-being: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishment. Please answer the following questions honestly using the 11-point Likert Scale. Put a check (/) in the appropriate column.

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 14298 Never Always 10 Given your experiences during the 0 123456789 COVID-19 pandemic…. How much of the time do you feel you are making progress towards accomplishing your goals? How often do you become absorbed in what you are doing? In general, how often do you feel joyful? In general, how often do you feel anxious? How often do you achieve the important goals you have set for yourself? Terrible Excellent Given your experiences during the 0 123456789 10 COVID-19 pandemic…. In general, how would you say your health is? Not at All Completely Given your experiences during the 0 123456789 10 COVID-19 pandemic…. To what extent do you lead a purposeful and meaningful life? To what extent do you receive help and support from others when you need it? To what extent do you feel that what you do in your life is valuable and

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 1429 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES worthwhile? To what extent do you feel excited and interested in things? How lonely do you feel in your life? Not at All Completely Given your experiences during the 0 123456789 10 COVID-19 pandemic…. How satisfied are you in your current physical health? Given your experiences during the Never 123456789 Always COVID-19 pandemic…. 10 0 How often do you feel positive? How often do you feel angry? How often are you able to handle your responsibilities? How often do you feel sad? How often do you lose track of time while doing something you enjoy? Terrible Excellent Given your experiences during the 0 123456789 10 COVID-19 pandemic…. Compare to others of your same age and sex, how is your health?

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 113409 Not at All Completely Given your experiences during the 0 123456789 10 COVID-19 pandemic…. To what extent do you feel you have a sense of direction in your life? How satisfied are you with your personal relationships? To what extent do you feel loved? To what extent do you feel contented? Not at All Completely Given your experiences during the 0 123456789 10 COVID-19 pandemic…. Taking all things together, how happy would you say you are? II. Resilience Level Direction: Resilience level will be assessed through Brief Resilience Scale. This measures one‘s ability to bounce back or recover from stress. Please respond to each item by putting a check (/) in the column. Given your experiences during the Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly COVID-19 pandemic…. Disagree Agree BRS 1 I tend to bounce back quickly 1 2 34 5 after hard times. 5 1 4 32 1 BRS 2 I have a hard time making it through stressful events. 2 34 5 BRS 3 It does not take me long to recover from a stressful event.

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 14391 BRS 4 It is hard for me to snap back 5 43 2 1 when something bad happens. 5 1 BRS 5 I usually come through difficult 1 2 34 time with little trouble. BRS 6 I tend to take a long time to get 5 4 32 over set-backs in my life.

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 13429 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES APPENDIX E INTERVIEW GUIDE QUESTIONS 1. What emotions do you usually feel since the onset of the pandemic? 2. Despite the pandemic, what are the activities/things that make you feel absorbed, engaged, excited and interested? 3. How do you describe the support system you have during the pandemic? 4. Given your experiences during the pandemic, how can you describe your life‘s sense of direction and what is your realization about your life‘s meaning and purpose? 5. What are the accomplishments that you have achieved despite the pandemic? 6. How do you respond to the challenges brought by the pandemic and what are the things you do to easily and quickly bounce back from the difficult and tough times brought by the pandemic?

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS 113439 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES APPENDIX F VERBATIM TRANSCRIPTION QUESTION 1: What emotions do you usually feel since the onset of the pandemic? PARTICIPANT RESPONSES Participant 1 “Yung mga emosyon ko pong naramdaman e, minsan masaya minsan Participant 2 po malungkot. Masaya kase ano po nakakasama ko yung pamilya ko Participant 3 dahil nakakpag-bonding po kami. Yung dati puro po trabaho yung mga kapatid ko, nanay tatay ko busy lagi parang nawawalan na po ng oras mag-bonding. Malungkot dahil yung kita po nila naapektuhan, yung sustento po na kailangan naming sa araw-araw, parang nawawala po. “ “For me naman I always feel yung fear of being unproductive kase parang ano Maam nababawasan talaga ang ating kakayanan na gumawa ng task kase nga dun sa mga boundaries o limitations na dinulot ng pandemic. So hindi ko naman po siya tinatake as negative yung fear of being unproductive naman, ginagawa ko po siyang as motivation pursue kung ano yung mga task ko yung mga dapat gawin. Ang boundaries na tinutukoy ko ay yung hindi ka makapag-socialize, yung social interaction which is napaka-importante sa learning namin kase diba mas maganda yung may social interaction through learning.” “Totoo naman talaga na may negative side and positive side itong pandemic natin. The first is the negative kase nga hindi natin nagagawa yung mga gusto natin so at first my heart feels so sad talaga since this pandemic is a barrier to live our life to the fullest. Kase alam mo yung bakit sa henerasyon ko pa? Bakit sa generation pa namin kumbaga maraming na-lost na opportunity na dapat ito yung journey ko ngayon, na dapat nandito ako ngayon. But then yung nafe-feel natin is worried about our health most especially yung health natin kasi nga buhay na yung pinag-uusapan ditto, it is all about COVID na hindi lang about your dreams pero yung life na yung pinanghahawakan natin so talagang ang pwede kong ma-feel is yung lungkot, yung pag-aalala, at yung panghihinayang sa bawat araw na dadaan sa ating buhay na dapat sana meron tayong nararating. Although meron naman but then as P2 said na nalilimitahan yung mga bagay na yun. Yun po yung nagti- trigger sakin na magkaroon talaga ng emotional aspect ngayong pandemic. To be honest, sabi ko nga po kanina may positive. Yung positive ay yun yung family bonding ganun tapos isa pa sa nagging positive is

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 14349 nakakapagnilay-nilay tayo sa sarili natin kase this past few months or years na nandun tayo sa part na normal ang lahat, mas iintindihin natin yung mga opportunities kaysa maintindihan yung personal development na dapat natin i-pursue na magkaroon ng progress. However, let us face the reality, let us all tanggapin kung ano talaga yung nafe-feel natin na talagang malakas ang impact ng pagka-negativity ng pandemic. Ako po talaga to be honest, kung titimbangin ko po, nandun po ako sa negative part pa kase na-experience ko siya talaga. Negative side ako kase unang-una po sa lahat ako po ay working student din, ako po ay Dental Assistant, talagang frontliner na frontliner. And wala na din po akong parents kaya independent kumbaga although sinusupport ako ng mga guardian ko pero sa ngayon po ako talaga naka-stand up sa sarili ko. Para po sakin negative kase unang-una, nakakapagod. Halimbawa papasok ka sa trabaho tapos uuwe ka ng gabi, gagawa ka pa ng module tapos hindi mo pa maintindihan yung module tas may personal life ka pa na iintindihin sa buhay na bakit ganito bakit ganyan. Meron ka pang mindset na puro negative na baka hindi ko na kaya ganun. So as of now, naeexperience ko talaga emotionally na parang ayaw ko na, pagod na ako, hindi ko na kaya kase feeling ko wala akong someone to lean on. But then although nararanasan ko yun, yun nga sabi ko just keep fighting, just keep going, hindi lang naman ako yung may problema dito. May negative pero God is always there to guide us.” Participant 4 “First month po ng pandemic syempre anxious po kase bago, di natin alam yung virus. Sobrang nakakatakot kase di natin alam kung tatamaan ba tayo ng virus ganun. Tapos bored po kase di ka nakakalabas from actively nalabas ka tapos biglang ikukulong ka ng almost a year na. Tapos kapag lumabas ka naman hindi mo alam na pagbalik mo sa bahay baka may virus ka na pala or makakahawa ka sa family mo. Kung sa percent po ng happiness to loneliness, siguro 60% na happy ka kase may mga bagay na pwede mo palang gawin kahit nasa bahay ka lang, 40% siguro na loneliness kase ganun yung nangyayare and hindi pa siya natatapos and hindi pa alam kung hanggang kalian.” Participant 5 “Para po sakin is naging masaya naman po kahit po may pandemic kase mas napalapit po ako sa mga pinsan ko tsaka po sa family ko which is yun nga po nagbo-bonding po kami. Like ang ginagawa po naming nung lockdown as in nagluluto kami ng kung anu-ano, kung ano pong mauso na nakikita po sa facebook or sa youtube. And kinakabahala ko lang po kase ang akin pong parent is kino-consider ko na po as frontliner kase even may pandemic is lumalabas po sila para po magtinda. Nagtitinda po sila ng itlog, nagdedeliver po. So ako po, kinakabahan po kami nasa loob lang po ng bahay kase baka po

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 113459 mahawaan kami ng parents po namin pero sila naman po ay sumusunod sa mga protocol and nagagawa po nila ng safe yung pagtitinda ng itlog. And tsaka po ang naging resulta po ng pandemic is yun nga po napalapit hindi lang sa parents pati po sa mga tita ko, sa mga pinsan ko nakakapag-bonding po, nakakapag-usap po ng mga kung ano pong nararanasan before na nararanasan din po ngayon. Minsan po malungkot kase di po natin nakakausap yung mga friends po natin na yung socialize po, yung personal kase through chat na lang po.” Participant 6 “Ayun po meron po siyang positive side na masaya kase po nakikita po na nagtutulungan tas gaya nga po ng sabi nila may family bonding po, mas more on po yung nagkakasama-sama sa isang bahay kase po quarantine po. May mga natitigil po sa trabaho tapos sa bahay lang po talaga. Tapos may negative side po siya as student kase po nasanay po ako na mas naiintindihan ko po yung discussion pag face to face, mahirap po kase ako maka-cope sa topic pag modular po.” Participant 7 “Nung nag-start ang pandemic nung first month ay malungkot pero nung tumatagal sumasaya naman kase nga kahit paano ay wala naman nagkakasakit sa amin. Ang epekto po talaga nito sakin ay iniisip ko ay sa pag-aaral. Hindi po kase kami talaga sanay ng ganito, honestly talaga sa kada subject naming madalang o kaunti lang ang natututunan naming as a student. Kase po ang nangyayari na lang ngayon ay self- study na lang kaya napakahirap po sa aming mga estudyante ngayong pandemic. Malungkot nung una kase ang dami at laki agad ng pinagbago sa mga nakasanayan natin tulad ng araw-araw tayong nakakalabas, nakakapunta sa gusto natin, ngayon po ay nalilimitahan na gawa nga po ng pandemic.” Participant 8 “Basically po ang naramdaman ko nung nagsimula po ang pandemic ay takot kase tinatanong ko po lagi sa sarili ko kung kalian matatapos o kung may katapusan ba itong COVID na ito. Masaya din naman po kase mas tumibay po ang relationship naming as a family at mas naging productive ako sa paggagawa ko ng activity since meron saming motivating environment areng bahay namin, mino-motivate ng magulang na mas galingan ko pa kaya mas nagiging productive ang mga output ko sa aking mga activities tsaka po sa performance sa school despite po na online class po kami.” Participant 9 “Honestly nung una pa lang I kinda feel na masaya kase po naisip ko na makakapagpahinga ako sa stress. Habang tumatagal po dun ko nararamdaman yung takot kase nun ko po nare-realize na nandun unang-una yung threat sa family, sa kalusugan ng bawat isa dito saming pamilya. At nandun din po yung threat na magiging incompetitive po kami bilang future Educator kase po nandun yung pagkukulang sa face to face learning. Nandun din po yung kaba na baka

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 13469 may pamilya o mahal sa buhay na hindi inaasahan na kunin satin ni Lord. Actually po, nag-positive po ang aking ama kaya lahat po ay sinwab test at sana naman po na hoping at praying na mag-negative kami. Ano din po, thankful and grateful pa rin na nandidito pa din humihinga at kinakaya. Masaya ako nung una kase po di naman po natin inasahan na ganitong katagal tayo. Parang opportunity na makapagpahinga, magrelax para sa sarili, bonding sa pamilya. At ngayon syempre habang tumatagal na sa patagal na nang patagal, nananawa na tayo sa ganitong bagay. Natatakot na tayo.” Participant 10 “Siguro masasabi ko na lahat ng emotions ay na-feel ko ngayong pandemic. Simula po negative to positive pero to be honest po mas lumalamang po talaga sakin na emotion is nagdo-doubt na po talaga ako then I’m so scared na din po. Pero po as a Christian, na-feel ko talaga yung guidance po ni Lord kaya I’m still hoping na maging blessed pa din po. At ngayong pandemic po, parang wala din naman nagbago sakin simula noong hindi pa pandemic, hindi quarantine, kase po sa case ko po ay working student po ako since highschool kaya separated po ako sa family ko. Nakatira po ako sa boarding house kaya hindi ko din po talaga nakakasama yung family ko kaya parang hindi din po bago sakin yung nahiwalay po ako sa kanila nang sobrang tagal. Mas nakakapagod po kase as a frontliner po, service crew as in wala pong tigil yung trabaho kase po wala pong pumapasok. As a service crew po para sa amin na din umaasa yung mga nasa paligid po namin na walang mapapagbilhan ng food. Halos lahat po ng family members ko ay nawalan po sila ng work parang ako lang po yung nagbibigay para sa pangangailangan namin.” QUESTION 2: Despite the pandemic, what are the activities/things that make you feel absorbed, engaged, excited and interested? PARTICIPANT RESPONSES Participant 1 “Simula po ng naka-pandemic ang number 1 ko pong ginagawa ay mag-online games din. Nahikayat din po ako ng mga pinsan kong maglaro kase wala naman pong masyadong ginagawa tambay lang sa bahay, niyayakag po nila akong mag-ML simula po nun lagi na po akong napapagalitan ng aking nanay at tatay gawa po hindi po ako makapag-bantay ng tindahan naming, pag may nabili po at ako’y naglalaro, hindi ko na po naiintindi. Pero dahil po sa pandemic, natutunan ko din pong magsimula ng mallit na business yung nagtitinda

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 113479 fishball sa tabi ng bahay namin, bale yun po ang pinagkakaabalahan ko po ngayon. Pag sa gabi po hanggang madaling araw yun ML na po yun lagi.” Participant 2 “Ako po is nung nag-start po yung pandemic o yung quarantine, inenhance ko po yung drawing skills ko. Ang ginawa ko po is nag- training po, self-training then nag-open po ako ng commissions just to sustain my expenses po kase diba ang hirap pong iasa na lang sa magulang kase nga nabawasan din yung kita nila so yun po ang initiative ko o yung ginawa kong action. Then online games yun kasali talaga yan. Every midnight grind lang nang grind tapos modules so yun lang naman po ang pinagka-abalahan ko. Drawing, online games then school works.” Participant 3 “Mahilig talaga ako mag-tiktok kase sabi ko nga stress reliever ko yun. Bukod sa tiktok, yung pangalawa is pinag-aaralan ko na rin kung pano mag-ML. Stress reliever din po. And then yung pinaka-kaibang nangyare sa buhay ko na activities ko ngayon ay yung matutunan yung mga natututunan ko via dental sa clinic. Nakakatuwa po na nalaman ko na may number pala ang ngipin, na hindi for fashion ang braces. Like for example is yung journey ko as a dental assistant mas lumalawak at makakapag-give po ako ng more information sa iba about sa ngipin kase dun po ako nagwowork and bukod dun pagsha-shared post po sa facebook.” Participant 4 “Definitely, real talk po, hindi yung acad, sobrang nakaka-stress po kase yung acad. Ngayon po, real talk din na nagpapasaya sakin, food panda and shoppee. Siguro po yung panunuod ng kdrama at BTS.” Participant 5 “Noong hindi pa po pandemic wala po akong discipline pagdating po sa pagkaen hanggang sa tumaba po ako nang tumaba. Nung una po doon ako nagkaroon ng discipline sa sarili which is nag-diet po ako and nage-exercise. Tapos po ng nakikinig po kami ng mga music po sa tiktok ng mga pinsan namin at kapag po nakarinig e bigla pong sasayaw. Tapos po same po kami nung nauna sakin, add to cart sa shoppee tsaka po sa lazada. Tapos po activity din, kase po ang mga teachers po ay madaming ipinapasa, sabay-sabay po. May time na naeexcite ako sa paggawa pero may time po na hindi din.” Participant 6 “Yun po pag-indoor po siguro po tiktok, ML yun po ang nag-aano sakin. Tapos mga panunuod po ng vlogs tas pag outdoor naman po, yun po yung mga church activities gawa po ng kahit po pandemic, meron po kaming ginagawang Iglesia yung pamamahayag po. Dun po sumasama po ako dun. Sa pamamagitan po nun parang nagkakaron po ng bonding yung mga ka-close po sa church yun po. Way na rin po para makalabas ng bahay.”

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES 11334089 Participant 7 “Tuwing umaga po bale kapag may sined na po agad si teacher, gagawin ko na po agad. Kapag wala na po balik na po ako agad sa paglalaro ng online games tulad ng ML. Yun lang po talaga ang pinagkaka-abalahan ko. Tapos po kapag nanawa na edi gawaing bahay naman po kase wala din naman pong magta-trabaho tas pagkatpos po balik ML po ulit habang wala pang ginagawa ulit.” Participant 8 “Ang mga ginagawa ko pong activities is playing ML tapos po mga activities po sa school, mga demonstration po, nag-eedit po ng mga video ganun po. Tapos ML po. Ganun lang po ang rotation ng aking buhay.” Participant 9 “Puro indoor po. Yung ginagawa ko lang po is watching TV series (Netflix). Bago po kami ma-quarantine, tumutugtog din po ako sa Church, I played piano.” Participant 10 “Nagkakaroon po kami ngayon ng life group na regular po siya talaga weekly na para pong napalapit po talaga ako dun. Noong mga nakaraang taon po di ako nage-engage dun. Through the life group, excited po ako na humarap na yun kase nakakapag-share.” QUESTION 3: How do you describe the support system you have during the pandemic? PARTICIPANT RESPONSES Participant 1 “First po muna ay family, yung sa financial po yung pangangailangan Participant 2 po naming magkakapatid ay naibibigay naman po nila nang maayos kaso hindi lang po masyadong pala-hingi ako sa magulang dahil mahirap po ang buhay ngayon. Tapos sa mga friends naman po yung mino-motivate nila yung mino-motivate nila ako na wag tumigil sa pag- aaral dahil mahirap yung buhay na di ka nakapagtapos dapat kailangan mong tapusin para sa pamilya mo. Yung sa mga pinsan ko naman po parang dahil nagka-problema po ako dun nung nagka- problema po ako sila po yung nilalapitan ko parang pinapayuhan po ako nila na wag pakaisipin yun problema lang naman yun parang kakayanin mo lahat ng problema. Magdasal ka lang lagi yun po ang laging pinapayo nila sakin. Pero higit po talaga sa lahat is yung family ko sadya tas yung mga kamag-anak ko po. Gawa po sila yung kamag- anak na kahit wala ka kasama mo pa rin hindi sila yung kamag-anak na pag meron ka saka ka lang kilala pag wala ka na kumbaga ido-down ka na, iiwan ka po nila. Dun ko po napatunayan sa mga kamag-anak ko na kahit tayo’y mahirap hindi tayo yung mangdo-down pa ng ibang tao.” “For me financially is yun nga may mga commissions ako then syempre