CAMBRIDGE STANDARD O'LEVEL ISLAMIYAT 2058 PAPER ONE NOTES

CAMBRIDGE STANDARD O’LEVEL ISLAMIYAT 2058 PAPER ONE NOTES PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF Professor Riaz Muhammad Arif

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Author. Cambridge International has not pro0vided these questions or answers and can take no responsibility whatsoever for their accuracy or suitability for the examinations. Title Cambridge Standard O’Level Islamiyat 2058 Paper One Notes Author Professor Riaz Muhammad Arif Cell: 0333-4492108 E-mail: [email protected] Published by Shahaan Publications Printed By Shahaan Printers Edited by Mrs Uzma Legal Advisor Malik Khalid Naqash (Advocate Supreme Court & High Court) Price Rs. /=700 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

PREFACE Nothing to say except thanks to Allah Almighty who has showered his endless blessings upon a humble creature like me to accomplish a task of preparing notes of Islamiyat Paper 1 code 2058 in accordance with the need of Cambridge International Examination (CIE) and the Edexcel Board for the students of O’Level. This book covers all aspects of syllabus 2015-2017 for paper 1. I whole heartedly acknowledge and am grateful for the help of Mrs Uzma the Head of JT4 branch of ALS what she extended to me in this work for editing and for her valuable recommendations. I am also thankful to Shahaan Ahmed Khan and Hassaan Ahmed Khan who have assisted me and done all composing and computer work up to the mark without fail. I pray to Allah the Merciful and All-Gracious in the words of Prophet Muhammad SAW, “O Allah! By Your ISM-E-AZAM and by Your ISM-E-AKBAR.” kindly accept this of mine humble effort in your bountiful court and shower your grace upon those who get benefit from it for their examination with high success for ever. (Ameen). RIAZ MUHAMMAD ARIF PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

1 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF CONTENTS CHAPTER: 1. MAJOR THEMES OF HOLY QUR’AN_________________________ 02 CHAPTER: 2. HISTORY AND IMPORTANCE OF QUR’AN_________________ 29 CHAPTER: 3. LIFE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE HOLY PROPHET SAW_ 47 · LIFE IN MAKKAH _______________________________________________________47 · PROPHET’S LIFE IN MADINAH _______________________________________69 · MUHAMMAD AS A MODEL OF EXCELLENCE________________________92 · ROLE OF WOMEN _____________________________________________________101 CHAPTER: 4. THE FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY__________________________105 · WIVES OF HOLY PROPHET ___________________________________________105 CHAPTER: 6. DESCENDENTS OF HOLY PROPHET_________________________113 · IMAMAT__________________________________________________________________116 CHAPTER: 7. IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES _______________________________123 CHAPTER: 8. TEN BLESSED COMPANIONS_________________________________128 CHAPTER: 9. SCRIBES OF DIVINE REVELATION___________________________138 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

2 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF CHAPTER: 1. MAJOR THEMES OF HOLY QUR’AN ALLAH / GOD IN HIMSELF The first major belief in the doctrine of Islam is to believe in the existence of One Allah. Allah is Arabic word which means “nothing except Him.” The name of God has been on frequent changes since Adam (pbuh) to Muhammad SAW. For instance; He has been called as “Eil” before Abraham. The names of chief angels mentioned in Qur’an are proof of that like Jibraeil, Michaeil, Israfeil, Izraeil, (means Servant of Eil ‘Allah’). During Abraham period He was called “Heim” in Babylonian language, like Ibraheim (means Servant of Heim ‘Allah’). It was further changed to “Eiloheim and Eiloh during Bani Israel due to difference in languages. Qur’an says, “For Him are beautiful names.” Qur’an has many arguments to prove the existence of Allah. There are thousands of Sign around us in the Universe created by Allah. On discovery of each one we find out the Magnificence and Supremacy of Allah Almighty. He is alone worthy to be worshipped and glorified. There are various qualities of Allah mentioned in Qur’an to elaborate what is Allah in Himself. THE CREATOR He is the Creator of all that exist in this cosmos. He is All-Powerful to create / do what He likes. When He intends to do something He says, “Be” and it becomes.” RABB-UL-AALAMIN He is not only the Creator but also a Cherisher, Nourisher and Provider of sustenance to all that He has created in this universe. “He is Rabb of all that exist in the worlds.” PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

3 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF ALL-MIGHTY He is Al-Mighty to do whatever he likes. “Indeed Allah is All-Powerful to do whatever He likes.” OMNIPRESENT His presence is everywhere in His created worlds. “So wherever you turn there is the Face (Presence) of Allah.” ALL-KNOWING Nothing is out of His knowledge. He is All-Knowing of everything. “Indeed Allah is All-Embracing, All-Knowing.” ALL-LIVING He is All-Living, All Sustaining and there is no end to Him. “He is (alone), the All-Living, the All-Sustaining and All-Sustainer.” THE LAW GIVER He is Great Administrator Who has given a perfect system and operating law to what He has created. “This is Allah Who has given perfect order to what He has created.” THE UNIQUE He is so Unique that no one is like Him. “And no one is equal to Him.” In short everything what He has created glorifies Him all the time. He has unlimited unique qualities that Qur’an says, “And if all trees in the Earth were pens and the seas (were ink to write with), supported with seven more seas; yet the Words of Allah will not exhaust. Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise indeed.” PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

4 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF 01. AYAT-UL-KURSI, SURAH AL-BAQRA: VERSE NO. 255.   ۤ  ۡ ٌ ۡ ۡ ٰ ٰ  ۡ ۚ ٰ ٰ مﻮﻧ  تﻮﻤﺴﻟ     ﺎﻣ *+ ( ٌ ۡ   و ﻹﻵ ﺔﻨﺳ  هﺬﺧﺎﺗ   ﻹﻵ مﻮﻴﻘﻟ ﻟ ﻮﻫ ﻹﻵ   ﻹﻵ ﷲ ۡ   ۡ   ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ  ۡ ۡ ضرﻹﻵ ٖ ﻪﻧذﺎﺑ CDﻳﺪﻳ ABﺑ ﺎﻣ ﻢﻠﻌﻳ ( ۡ  ﻹﻵ ۤ  هﺪﻨﻋ  4ﻔﺸ7 يﺬﻟ   ذ ﻦﻣ (  ۡ  ۡ  و ﺎﻣ *+    ۡ         ۤ ۡ ۡ  ۡ   ۡ ۡ    ۡ  ۡ ﻪﻴﺳﺮﻛ 4ﺳو E  ءﺂﺷ ﺎﻤﺑ ﻹﻵ ٖ ﻪﻤﻠM ﻦﻣ   ٍءLﺑ نﻮﻄﻴHI E و ﻹﻵ  CDﻔﻠﺧ و ﺎﻣ ۡ ۡ  ۡ  ۡ ۡ ۡ ٰ ٰ S ضرﻹﻵ ﴿ ٢٥٥ ﴾ Z[ﻈﻌﻟ XYﻌﻟ ﻮﻫ   E و ﺎﻤﻬﻈﻔﺣ  هدﻮـﻳ   و ﻹﻵ E   ۡ  و  تﻮﻤﺴﻟ TRANSLATION 02:255. Allah! There is no Ilah (god, having right to be worshipped) but He is (alone), the All-Living, the All-Sustaining and All-Sustainer. Neither slumber nor sleep overtakes Him. To Him belong all that whatever is in the Heavens and all that whatever is in the Earth. Who is he! That can intercede in His Presence without His Permission? He knows that what is before them and what is behind them. And they encompass nothing of His Knowledge except what He Wills. His Kursi (Authority) extends over the Heavens and the Earth and it does not weary Him to look after both of them. And He is the Most-High, the Supreme. (a) THEME This verse is written on the Authority of Allah. There are all un- shareable unique qualities of Allah in it. He is the only Creator of all that exist. He has unbound knowledge of Seen and Unseen. He has an immeasurable power and authority over all. He is the Sovereign of the whole cosmos. We cannot imagine comparing Him with anything even in vision too. He is above all. Qur’an says, “No one is equal to Him.” PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

5 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF (b) IMPORTANCE OF THEME No one can become Muslim without belief in Oneness and Authority of Allah. We recognize the Uniqueness and All-Sufficiency of Allah; while on the other hand we realize that we are all dependent on Allah to the last extent, as we are his feeble creatures and He is our Master. We need His help at every step of our life. The Holy Qur’an says, a. “Indeed Allah has created everything.” b. Every word of praise belongs to Allah, the Rabb (Lord) of all that exist in the Worlds. Therefore we should praise Him, obey Him, and worship Him as He wants; because we are His creations and He is our Master having full authority. 2. SURAH AN’AM: VERSE NO. 101-103.  ٰ  ٌ    ۡ     ۡ  ٌ        ۡ    ۡ  ۡ  ٰ    ۡ ٰ ﺔﺒ  ﺣﺎﺻ ضرﻹﻵ و (  ﻦﻜﺗ و ﻢﻟ ﺪﻟو  نabﻳ *` (  و  تﻮﻤﺴﻟ 4ﻳﺪﺑ    ٰ ۤ        ٰ  ٰ ٌ ۡ  ۡ       ۡ ﻢﻜﺑر ﻹﻵ  ﻹﻵ E ۡ ﷲ ﻢmnذ ﴿ ١٠١ ﴾ Z[ﻠM ٍءi ﻞjﺑ ﻮﻫ E و ٍءi ﻞh ﻖﻠﺧ   ۡ   ٌ ۡ   ۡ    ٰ      ۡ  ۡ  ۡ هوﺪﺒﻋﺎﻓ ﻪﻛرﺪﺗ ﻹﻵ﴾ ﴿ ١٠٢ ﻞﻴpو ٍءi ﻞh XYM ﻮﻫ و E ٍءi ﻞh ﻖﻟﺎﺧ E ﻮﻫ  ۡ  ۡ  ۡ        ۡ  ۡ  ۡ       ۡ  ۡ ﴿ ١٠٣ ﴾ uBﺒvw ﻒﻴﻄﻠﻟ ﻮﻫ E و رﺎﺼﺑﻹﻵ كرﺪﻳ ﻮﻫ r و رﺎﺼﺑﻹﻵ TRANSLATION 06:101. The Originator of the Heavens and the Earth. How can He have a son when He has no wife? And He has created everything and He is All- Knowing about everything. 06:102. That is Allah! Your Rabb (Lord). There is no Ilah (god, having right to be worshipped) but He is (alone), the Creator of everything; therefore worship Him. And He is the PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

6 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF Guardian over all the things. 06:103. Vision can never comprehend Him and He comprehends all visions. He is the Most-Subtle, All-Aware. (a) THEME: These verses describe Tauheed logically. He is the Originator of heavens and earth, so He deserves worship. He is so Powerful that He can comprehend visions too. Allah says, a. “He is all powerful to do anything.” He has created the heaven and earth when there was no such example before. He has no partner in his worship. He is alone. (b)IMPORTANCE OF THEME Allah is the real Creator of this universe. There is no one equal to him even in qualities too. We should worship Him alone. As Allah says, a. “(O Muhammad SAW! Read in the name of your Rabb (Lord), Who has created (all that exist). He (Allah) has created Mankind from a clot of a blood.” b. “He is All-Knowing of everything.” We should acknowledge that Allah is All-Mighty. Who has all power to do whatever He likes. We should have full faith in Him. We should believe in the One Who gives us all sustenance all the time without discrimination. 3. SURAH HA-MIM SAJDAH: VERSE NO. 37.   ۡ   ۡ   ۡ      ۡ   ۡ            ٰ ٰ ۡ ۡ {|ﻘﻟ و ﻹﻵ ﺲﻤﺸﻠﻟ وﺪﺠﺴ~ ﻹﻵ ( و ﺲﻤﺸﻟ و رﺎﻬﻨﻟ و ﻞﻴﻟ ﻪﺘﻳ ﻦﻣ و ٰ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ  ۡ  ۡ هﺎﻳ ﴿ ٣٧ ﴾ نوﺪﺒﻌﺗ    Zﻨﻛ ن ﻦﻬﻘﻠﺧ يﺬﻟ ﷲ وﺪ€ و {|ﻘﻠﻟ PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

7 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF TRANSLATION 41:37. And among His (Allah’s) Signs are the night and the day, the sun and the moon. (Therefore) do not prostrate yourself to the sun or to the moon; but prostrate to Allah Who has created them, if you worship Him alone. (a) THEME There are many signs of His creation leading to the Oneness of Allah. In these verses there is clarity of Allah’s Majesty. The night, the day, the sun and the moon are proof of His unimaginable power and existence. We usually observe that He sends down rain by which the barren land converts into lush green and bears vegetation and fruits for us all to eat. Allah says, “In the creation of heaven and earth and the alternation of night and day there are signs for those who have sense.” In the same manner He will resurrect the dead on the Day of Judgment. (b) IMORTANCE OF THEME We should have a perfect belief in Allah. Our belief should be strong enough to the extent that He is All-Alive and gives life to dead. We cannot go beyond His cosmos even though we wish so. Therefore we should recognize His existence as He is more near than our jugular vein. Allah says, a. “It is of my signs that I give life to dead land and grow in it vegetation of every kind.” b. “He has made the earth your couch, and the heavens your roof, and sent down from the heaven; and brought forth fruits for your provision.” We should follow His rules and regulations what He sent down to us through His Messengers to deserve His blessings. We should worship Him and be not arrogant and stiff necked to avoid his wrath. Otherwise the destruction is our fate in this world and Hereafter too. PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

8 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF 4. SURAH AL-SHURA: VERSE NO. 04-05.  ٰ      ۡ  ۡ   ۡ    ۡ  ۡ   ٰ ٰ ٰ تﻮﻤﺴﻟ دﺎjﺗ ﴿ ٤ ﴾ Z[ﻈﻌﻟ XYﻌﻟ ﻮﻫ ( و ضرﻹﻵ  و ﺎﻣ *+  تﻮﻤﺴﻟ  ﺎﻣ *+ ۡ † ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ  ۡ  ۡ ۡ ۡ  *+ ﻦﻤﻟ نوŠ‹ﻐﺘﺴ7  ۡ و CDﺑر ﺪﻤH‰ نﻮ‡ˆﺴ7 ﺔﻜ…ﻠﻤﻟ و ﻦﻬﻗﻮﻓ ﻦﻣ  نﺮﻄﻔﺘﻳ ٰ ۡ  ۡ  ۡ ضرﻹﻵ ﻹﻵ ﴿ ٥ ﴾ Z[  ﺣŽ رﻮﻔﻐﻟ ﻮﻫ ﷲ ن ۤ   (  ۡ  ۡ TRANSLATION 42:4. For Him is whatsoever in the Heavens and the Earth. And He (Allah) is the Most-High, All-Supreme. 42:05. It is quite possible that the Heavens burst from above them and the angels glorify the Praises of their Rabb (Lord) and seek Forgiveness for those who are in the Earth. Remember! Undoubtedly Allah is the only One, Who is the Most- Forgiving, All-Mercy. (a) THEME These verses of Qur’an are about the Ownership and Supremacy of Allah. The Highness, Mercifulness of the One Allah is described. Qur’an says, “To Him belong all that whatever is in the Heavens and all that whatever in the Earth.” Angels are only for glorification and service of Allah, but He has also given them order to seek forgiveness for mankind. As He is the Most Forgiving. (b) IMPORTANCE OF THEME Committing sins and mistakes are part and parcel of mankind. Forgiving sins is the highest quality of Allah. Therefore we should turn towards Allah for mercy after committing sins. He is worthy to worship and forgiveness. Qur’an says, a. Say (O Prophet SAW)! “If you want to love Allah, follow me; Allah will love you and will forgive your all sins. Indeed Allah is the Most- Forgiving All-Merciful.” PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

9 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF b. “Indeed Allah is the Most-Relenting, All-Merciful.” Angels glorify and have praises of Allah along with imploring for mercy of those who are pious. The mercifulness of Allah can be judged from the Hadith of Prophet SAW, “Allah is seventy times more Merciful than mother.” We should seek His favors in this world as well as in the Hereafter. 5. SURAH AL-IKHLAS: 112:01-04. ٰ ٰ ۡ ۡ ٌ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ﺪﻠﻳ ﻦﻜﻳ ﻢﻟ  ﴿ ۙ  ٣ ﴾ و ﺪﻟﻮﻳ ﻢﻟ  و   ۡ ۡ   ﴿ ۚ  ٢ ﴾ ﻢﻟ ﺪﻤﺼﻟ ﷲ ﴾ ﴿ ۚ  ١ ﺪﺣ ﷲ ﻮﻫ ﻞﻗ ٌ   ً ﴿ “٤ ﴾ ﺪﺣ ﻮﻔﻛ TRANSLATION 112:01. Say (O Prophet SAW!), “He, Allah is the One. 112:02. Allah is Self-Sufficient. 112:03. He begets not, nor was He begotten! 112:04. And no one is equal to Him.” (a) THEME These verses of Surah Ikhlas clearly describe Allah in Himself. He is only One, Self-Sufficient. He has no one in His association. No one is equal to Him. Qur’an says, “Allah! There is no Ilah (god, having right to be worshipped) but He is (alone), the All-Living, the All-Sustaining and All-Sustainer.” This is one of the basic beliefs of Muslims to believe in the unity of Oneness of Allah. He is Supreme, Eternal and incomparable to any existing thing or even imaginary in this world. PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

10 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF (b) IMPORTANCE OF THEME Muslims should firmly believe in, that Allah is matchless in all respect. He is Originator of cosmos, All-Powerful, All-Wise, having no associate in His kingdom. It has been cleared very logically by Allah in Qur’an, a. “If there was any other Ilah than Allah the system of this world would have been disrupted.” b. He is so powerful that “When He intends anything, He says to it “Be” and it becomes forthwith.” Therefore we should avoid to associate partners with Him. Whatever in the heaven and earth belong to Him. He is immortal having neither father nor son. No one can become equal to Him in any rank. We should have deep belief in Him and should worship the Worthy to worship. 6. SURAH A-FATIHA.    ۡ  ۡ  ٰ ۡ   ٰ   ٰ ۡ  ۡ   ٰ ۡ    ۡ ۡ كﺎ ﻦ ﴿ –  ٣ ﴾ ﻳ  ﻳﺪﻟ مﻮﻳ ﻚﻠ Z ﴿ ۙ  ٢ ﴾ ﻣ  [  ﺣŽ ﻦﻤﺣŽ B A ﴿ ۙ  ١ ﴾ ﻤﻠ ﻌﻟ بر ﷲ  ﺪﻤ Hw  ۡ  ۡ  ۡ       ۡ  ۡ   ۡ    ۡ  ۡ  ۡ       ۡ ﺖ ﻤﻌﻧ ﻦ ﻳﺬﻟ ط ™› Z ﴿ ۙ  ٥ ﴾ [ﻘﺘ ﺴﻤ ﻟ ط ™šﻟ  A ﴿ –  ٤ ﴾  ﻫ ﺪ ﺎﻧ Bﻌﺘﺴ— كﺎ و ﻳ ﺪﺒﻌﻧ  ۡ     ۡ ۡ    ۡ ۡ   ۡ ۡ  ۡ ۡ A ﴿ “٧ ﴾ Bﻟ ﺂﻀﻟ C و ﻵ ﻹ Dﻴ ب ﻠM  ﻮﻀ ﻐﻤ u ﻟ  Bﻏ C   Dﻴ ﻠM In the name of Allah, the Most-Gracious, All-Merciful. 1. Every word of praise belongs to Allah, the Rabb (Lord) of all that exist in the Worlds. 2. The Most-Gracious, All-Merciful. 3. Master of the Day of Judgment. 4. You (Allah) alone we worship and from You alone we seek help. 5. Guide us along the Straight Way. 6. The Way of those, for whom You have approved Your Favor. 7. Not the way of those who earned Your wrath nor of those who went astray. PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

11 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF (a) THEME Every word of praise for that Allah who is Rabb, Cherisher and Sustainer, the Most-Gracious, All-Merciful, and the Master of the Day of Judgment. Qur’an says, “Whatever is in the heaven and earth glorifies to Him.” This Surah is the gist of Qur’an. It is the crux of the Prayers of all Messengers of God. The first three verses of Fatiha belong to Allah and the fourth is common between Allah and His servant. And remaining three belongs to servant alone. It is a great “Dua” in which servant of Allah glorifies the Grandeur of Allah and making his attachment with Him by worship, and then imploring for Guidance and blessings. The main idea here in this Surah is that we should stick to the right path, away from the wrong one and achieve the goal of success in Paradise. (b) IMPORTANCE OF THEME We glorify and praise Allah as He is alone worthy to praise. He is Sustainer and Provider of everything to entire universe. He has made our lives balanced, made everything around us for our benefit and made helpful in our straight way. We should seek His Guidance at every step to avoid the trap of devils. Qur’an says, a. “None can lead astray the one, whom Allah guides, and none can guide the one whom Allah lets go astray.” b. “Allah did not create anything useless in this world.” Therefore we should become grateful to Allah and seek His Guidance and support for better ending. PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

12 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF 7. SURAH AL-BAQARA: VERSE No. 21-22. ۡ ۡ  ۡ ۡ ۡ  ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ﻢmﻠﻌﻟ ﻢmﻠﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ  ﻦﻳﺬﻟ  و ﻢﻜﻘﻠﺧ يﺬﻟ ﻢﻜﺑر وﺪﺒﻋ سﺎﻨﻟ ﺎﻬﻳﺎ    ﻳ   ۡ ً ً ۡ ۡ  ۡ ﻦﻣ  لﺰﻧ  ۡ   و £       و ﺎﺷ ﺮﻓ ضرﻹﻵ ﻢmn ﻞﻌﺟ يﺬﻟ ۙ ﴿ ٢١ ﴾ نﻮﻘﺘﺗ ءﺂﻨﺑ ءﺂﻤﺴﻟ   ً  ۡ ٰ   ۡ  ۡ    ۡ   ً  ۡ ٰ       ۡ   ً و د ﺪﻧ ﷲ aªﻌ« ﻹﻶﻓ E ﻢmn ﺎ ﻗزر  ت {|ﺜﻟ ﻦﻣ  ٖ ﻪﺑ  جﺮﺧﺎﻓ ءﺂﻣ ءﺂﻤﺴﻟ ۡ ۡ ۡ  ۡ ﴿ ٢٢ ﴾ نﻮﻤﻠﻌﺗ Zﻧ TRANSLATION 02:21. O Mankind! Worship your Rabb (Lord), who has created you and those before you so that you may become pious. 02:22. The One (Allah), Who has made the Earth a resting place for you and the Heaven a roof (protection), and sent down water (rain) from the Heaven and then produced fruits with it as food for you. Therefore do not set up rivals to Allah, when you know (the Truth). (a) THEME These verses clearly describe the Supreme Authority of Allah. He is sole Creator of all cosmos and Owner of all that exist. The verses deal with the relationship of Allah with mankind. He showers His all blessing from heaven and enriches the earth with all kinds of provision for mankind. He says in Qur’an, “He is the One who sends down water from heaven to give life to the earth after death. Then there grows every kind of vegetation a benefit for you and your cattle.” All has been created by Allah for benefit of mankind and he is created by Him for His worship alone. PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

13 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF (b) IMPORTANCE OF THEME The panorama of the blessings of Allah is all around us; we should utilize it and remain thankful to Him. We should not make partners to Him. As Allah says in Qur’an, a. “Allah does not forgive the one who associate anything with Him in worship and He forgives other than him to whom He wills.” b. “So worship Him and do not make anything partner with Him.” We should not be proud of our achievements. We should have strong belief in Oneness of Allah and His attributions for our sustenance. We should definitely make a presence in remembrance of Allah by giving thanks and remembering Him. This of our belief will develop a piety in us and we will become a part of peace and harmony in this world. So we should praise Allah all the time. 8. SURAH AL-ALAQ: 96 VERSE NO. 01-05.      ۡ ۡ  ۡ    ۡ ۡ     ۡ       ۡ ۡ ۡ ﻚﺑر و ﺮﻗ ﴿ ۚ  ٢ ﴾ ﻖﻠM ﻦﻣ  نﺎﺴ—ﻹﻵ ﻖﻠﺧ ﴿ ۚ  ١ ﴾ ﻖﻠﺧ يﺬﻟ ﻚﺑر ﻢﺳﺎﺑ ﺮﻗ ٍ ۡ  ۡ  ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ﴿ –  ٥ ﴾ ﻢﻠﻌﻳ ۡ    ﺎﻣ ﻢﻟ نﺎﺴ—ﻹﻵ ﻢﻠM ﴿ ۙ  ٤ ﴾ ﻢﻠﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻠM يﺬﻟ ﴿ ۙ  ٣ ﴾ مﺮ¬ﻹﻵ TRANSLATION 96:01. (O Muhammad SAW!) Read in the name of your Rabb (Lord), Who has created (all that exist). 96:02. He (Allah) has created Mankind from a clot of a blood. 96:03.(O Muhammad SAW)! Read and your Rabb (Lord) is the Most-Gracious. 96:04. Who has taught (knowledge) by the pen. 96:05. He (Allah) has taught Mankind what he did not know. PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

14 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF (a) THEME It is about the dispensing of knowledge to mankind in general. The Creator of mankind and universe has taught the method of getting knowledge, by reading and then by use of pen. Thus Allah makes easy the skill of achieving abundance of knowledge for mankind who is basically illiterate. Allah says in Qur’an, “He taught mankind what he did not know.” Allah is All-Powerful to do whatever He wills. His approach is limitless and boundless. (b) IMPORTANCE OF THEME Knowledge is a high blessing of Allah upon mankind. He has given us distinction as the “best of creation” and bestowed upon us wisdom and knowledge. As Allah says in Qur’an, a. “It has been great grace of Allah Almighty upon you that He has taught you what you did not know.” b. “He has created man. He has taught him the way of expression.” All learning of the world is the knowledge of Allah. We should start our learning or any work with the name of Allah, the One who has created us and given us abundance of knowledge and sustenance here and Hereafter too. We should accept His High Position, obey His orders and worship Him. 9. SURAH ZILZAL: 99.      ۡ    ۡ  ۡ     ۡ    ۡ  ۡ ۡ ۡ لﺎﻗ ﴿ ۙ  ٢ ﴾ و ﺎ®¯ﺎﻘﺛ ضرﻹﻵ  ﺖﺟﺮﺧ ﴿ ۙ  ١ و﴾ ﺎ®¯ ­Žز ضرﻹﻵ ﺖﻟ­Žز ذ   ٰ ۡ            ۡ       ۡ       ۡ ۡ ٍ ﴿ –  ٥ ﴾ ﺎ®¯ ³و ﻚﺑر نﺎﺑ ﴿ ۙ  ٤ ﴾ ﺎﻫ²ﺎﺒﺧ ثﺪH« ﺬ…ﻣﻮﻳ ﴿ ۚ  ٣ ﴾ ﺎ®¯ ﺎﻣ نﺎﺴ—ﻹﻵ PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

15 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF     ۡ ۡ  ۡ  ۡ    ۡ   ۡ  ۡ    ً  ۡ       ۡ    ۡ ٍ ٍةرذ لﺎﻘﺜﻣ  ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﻦ¸¹ ﴿ –  ٦ ﴾ CDﻟ´µ¶ وuBﻟ   ﺎﺗﺎﺘﺷ سﺎﻨﻟ رﺪﺼﻳ ﺬ…ﻣﻮﻳ   ً         ۡ ۡ   ۡ ۡ      ً  ۡ ﴿ “٨ ﴾ هﺮﻳ ™» ٍةرذ لﺎﻘﺜﻣ  ﻞﻤﻌﻳ ﻦﻣ ﴿ –  ٧ ﴾ و هﺮﻳ uBﺧ TRANSLATION 99:01. When the Earth will be trembled with its full trembling. 99:02. And the Earth will throw out its burdens. 99:03. And the Mankind will say, “What has happened to it.” 99:04. On that Day (of Resurrection) it will declare all its happenings. 99:05. (O Muhammad SAW)! Because your Rabb (Lord) has (already) inspired it (the Earth to do so). 99:O6. On that Day (of Judgment) Mankind will proceed in different groups, so that they may be shown their deeds. 99:07. Therefore whosoever will do any good even to the weight of atom will see it. 99:08. And whosoever will do any evil even to the weight of atom will see it (too). (a) THEME This Surah is about the Doomsday, the Day of Resurrection and the Day of Judgment, when all cosmos will perish once, and emerges anew. Then everyone will have to appear before Allah for accountability of deeds. Qur’an says, “When the mountains will move like flacks of wool. And the pregnant she camels will abort their young.” The mankind and jinni will be rewarded / punished for what they did in their worldly life. No injustice will be done even to the weight of milligram to anyone else. (b) IMPORTANCE OF THEME This Surah gives us idea about the Day of Judgment. As it is the fundamental belief of Muslims to have life after death, and will be accountable for our deeds before Allah. Therefore we should have to take care in this life PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

16 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF regarding our deeds and should not cross the limits drawn by Allah. Qur’an says, a. “On the Day of Judgment no relatives, no friends will be of benefit to one another. That will be a hard day.” b. “The one whose Book of Deeds will be given in right hand will be glad and whose Book of Deeds will be given in left hand he will be worried.” We should not ignore the true purpose of His creation that is obeying Him and His Messenger and worshipping Him. The one who is believer of the Day of Judgment will not do such thing in his life which will become a cause of disorder in this world and become a matter of repentance and shame for him on the Day of Judgment. Therefore we should follow the way which has been carved out by our Messenger to avoid punishment of Hell. 10. SURAH AN-NAS: 114. ۡ   ۡ   ٰ           ۡ ™»  ﻦﻣ ﴿ ۙ  ٣ ﴾  سﺎﻨﻟ  ﴿ ۙ  ٢ ﴾ سﺎﻨﻟ ﻚﻠﻣ ﴿ ۙ  ١ ﴾ سﺎﻨﻟ بﺮﺑ ذﻮﻋ ﻞﻗ    ۡ    ۡ   ۡ  ۡ ۡ       ۡ  ۡ  ۡ س ﻮﺳﻮﻟ سﺎﻨvw و ﺔﻨw ﻦﻣ ﴿ ۙ  ٥ ﴾  سﺎﻨﻟ روﺪﺻ  *+ سﻮﺳﻮﻳ يﺬﻟ ٤ ﴾ ﴿ ½    ﴿ “٦ ﴾ سﺎﻨﻟ TRANSLATION 114:01. Say (O Prophet SAW!), “I seek refuge with the Rabb (Lord) of the Mankind. 114:02.The King of the Mankind. 114;03. The Ilah (Allah, having right to be worshipped) of the Mankind. 114;04. From the evil of the whisperer (devil) who withdraws (when the name of Allah is remembered). 114:05.From the one who whispers in the hearts of the Mankind. 114:06.Whether from among the Jinn (Jinni) or the Mankind. PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

17 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF (a) THEME This Surah is all about the powers of Allah as Rabb, King and Ilah of mankind. He is fully capable of giving shelter to mankind against all evil thought. Such kinds of thoughts are whispered in the mind and heart of mankind by devil or by wicked ones under devil’s command. Allah guides us to seek refuge with Him in such kind of situations. He is All-Powerful to provide us shelter from all devils and disciples. Qur’an says. “Say, I seek refuge with you O my Lord from devil’s instigations.” (b) IMPORTANCE OF THEME There is only one Omnipotent power of the world that can protect us from all kind of evil powers and that is Allah alone. We should take refuge with our Rabb, King and worthy to worship Allah. Qur’an says, “I take refuge with Allah from the devil discarded.” Allah pleases a lot when His servant prays to Him and He provides him whatever he asks. We ask Allah to protect us from all kind of whispers of evil devils and his disciples. Therefore we should obey Allah and worship Him, as no one is worthy to worship except Him. 11. SURAH AL-BAQRA: 02:30-37. ۡ    ۡ   ۤ   ً  ۡ  ۡ ۡ  ٌ ۡ    †  ۡ      ۡ ۡ ﺔﻔ ﻬ ﺎ ﻴﻓ ﻞﻌ« ﻮﻟﺎﻗ ( ﻴﻠﺧ ضرﻹ  *+ ﻵ ﻞﻋﺎﺟ  ` * ﺔﻜ…ﻠﻤﻠﻟ ﻚﺑر لﺎﻗ و ذ           ۡ        ۡ     ۡ ۡ      ۡ  ۡ ﻚﻟ لﺎﻗ ( سﺪﻘﻧ و كﺪﻤH‰  ¿Àﺴ— ﻦH¾ ء E و ﺂﻣﺪﻟ ﻚﻔﺴ ﻬ ﺎ و 7 ﻴﻓ ﺪﺴﻔ ﻳ ﻦﻣ  ۡ               ۡ  ۡ      ٰ    ۡ   ۡ     ۡ ۤ   ۡ XYM CDﺿﺮﻋ ﻢﺛ ﺎﻬﻠh ءﺂÁÂﻹﻵ مد ﻢﻠM ﴿ ٣٠ ﴾ و نﻮﻤﻠﻌﺗ ﺎﻣ ﻹﻵ ﻢﻠM  ` * ۡ ۡ ۡ †  ۡ    ٰ ۡ ۡ   ٰ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ Å S ﻚﻨ‡ˆﺳ ﻮﻟﺎﻗ﴾ ﴿ ٣١ ABﻗﺪﺻ Zﻨﻛ ن ءﻼﻵﺆﻫ ءﺂÁÂﺎﺑ *`ﻮـﺒﻧ لﺎﻘﻓ Ä ﺔﻜ…ﻠﻤﻟ PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

18 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF ۡ  ۤ ۡ ۡ ۡ  ۡ  ۡ  ۡ ۡ Å ﺎﻨﺘﻤﻠM CDﺌﺒﻧ مد ٰ   ﻳ ﺎ لﺎﻗ﴾ ﴿ ٣٢ Z[ﻜHw Z[ﻠﻌﻟ ﺖﻧ ﻚﻧ (   ۡ    ﺎﻣ ﻹﻵ ﺎﻨﻟ ﻢﻠM ﻹﻵ ۡ ۡ  ۡ  ۡ ۡ ۡ  Å ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ﺐﻴﻏ ﻢﻠM ۤ  *` ﻢmn  ﻞﻗ ﻢﻟ لﺎﻗ C Ä ۡ DÉﺂÁÂﺎﺑ CÊﺎﺒﻧ ۤ ﺎﻤﻠﻓ E CDÉﺂÁÂﺎﺑ ۡ  ۡ  ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ  ۡ ٰ ٰ ﺎﻨﻠﻗ ۡ ۡ  و﴾ ذ  ﴿ ٣٣ نﻮﻤﺘﻜﺗ Zﻨﻛ   و ﺎﻣ نوﺪﺒﺗ ﺎﻣ ﻢﻠM  ۡ Ä و ضرﻹﻵ  و  تﻮﻤﺴﻟ ۡ ٰ ۤ ۡ ۡ ٰ † ۡ ۡ ﻦﻣ  نﺎh  Ï و uÎﻜﺘﺳ  ۡ و *Í (  ۡ ۡ ۤ   وﺪﺠﺴﻓ مدﻹﻵ  وﺪ€ ﺔﻜ…ﻠﻤﻠﻟ ﻹﻵ ﺲÌﻠﺑ ً    ۡ        ۡ    ۡ   ۡ  ۡ  ۡ   ٰ    ۡ    ۡ ٰ ۡ ﺪﻏر ﺎﻬﻨÐ  ﻹﻶh و ﺔﻨw ﻚﺟوز و ﺖﻧ ﻦﻜﺳ م ﻳ دﺎ ﺎﻨﻠﻗ و﴾ ﴿ ٣٤ ﻦﻳŠ‹mn ٰ ۡ ۡ  ۡ ٰ ۡ ´µÒﺌﺷ ﴿ ٣٥ ﴾ ABﻤﻠﻈﻟ ﻦﻣ  ﺎﻧabﺘﻓ ةﺮﺠﺸﻟ هﺬﻫ ﺎﺑﺮﻘﺗ    و ﻹﻵ £   ۡ  ﺚﻴﺣ ۡ ٰ  ۡ   ۡ  ۡ ۡ ۡ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻮﻄﺒﻫ ﺎﻨﻠﻗ  و £ ۡ ﺎﻧﺎh ﺎ¸Ó ﺎﻤﻬﺟﺮﺧﺎﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻦﻄﻴﺸﻟ ﺎﻤ®¯زﺎﻓ ۡ ٰ ٌ     ٌ  ۡ  ۡ  ۡ ۡ    ٌ   ۡ ۡ    ۡ ٍ ٍ ABﺣ  *Ö عﺎﺘﻣ و ﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣ ضرﻹﻵ  *+ ﻢmn E و وﺪﻋ ﺾﻌﺒﻟ ﻢﻜﻀﻌﺑ    ۡ ۡ ٰ ﻪﻴﻠM ﴿ ٣٧ ﴾ Z[  ﺣŽ ب ﻮﺘﻟ ﻮﻫ ﻪﻧ ( ۡ   بﺎﺘﻓ ٍ ﺖﻤﻠh ٖ ﻪﺑر ﻦﻣ  مد ٰ ×Øﻠﺘﻓ﴾ ﴿ ٣٦ TRANSLATION 02:30. Recall (O Muhammad SAW)! When your Rabb (Lord) said to the angels, “I am going to create a Vicegerent in the Earth.” They said, “Will You create therein the one who will cause disorder and spread bloodshed; while we proclaim Your Glory with Your all Praise and sanctify You?” He (Allah) said, “I know what you do not know.” 02:31. And He (Allah) taught Adam (PBUH) the names of all things completely; then He placed them before the angels and said, “Tell Me the names of all these things if you are right.” 02:32. They (angels) said, “Glory belongs to You, we have no knowledge except what You have taught us.” Indeed You are All-Knowing, All-Wise. PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

19 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF 02:33. He (Allah) said, “O Adam (PBUH)! Tell them the names of all these things.” So when he told them their names, Allah said, “Did I not tell you that I know the Unseen Secrets of the Heaven and the Earth and that I know what you reveal and what you conceal.” 02:34. And recall (O Muhammad SAW)! When We said to the angels, “Prostrate yourself before Adam (PBUH).” So they prostrated themselves except Iblis (Satan), he refused and thought of himself superior and became one of disbelievers. 02:35. And We said, “O Adam (PBUH)! Dwell you and your spouse in Garden (Paradise) and eat at your Will and choice, wherever whatever you like freely in it; but do not approach to this tree, lest you both become wrong doers.” 02;36. Then the Shaitan (Satan) made them both slip from it (the Paradise) and driven them out from which they had been. We said (to them), “Get down you all. You are enemy to each other and in the Earth there will be a dwelling place for you, along with an enjoyment for a specific time.” 02:37. Then some important words revealed upon Adam (PBUH) from Allah; so He turned towards him with His Forgiveness. Indeed Allah is the Most-Relenting, All-Merciful. (a) THEME This is regarding creation of vicegerent in the earth. As the angels had a precedent of Jinni’s rule before them, therefore they said to Allah, “Will You give command to the one who will make mischief there and shed blood? While we proclaim Your glorify with all praise? He taught Adam and asked the angels about. They became helpless by saying, “Indeed You are All-Knowing, All-Wise.” Allah said, “Did I not tell you that I know the Unseen Secrets of the Heaven and the Earth and that I know what you reveal and what you conceal?” PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

20 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF He gave honor to Adam by prostration of angels, but Iblis denied and became discarded. Adam and Eve disobeyed Allah by instigation of Satan and He made them out from Paradise by saying, We said (to them), “Get down you all. You are enemy to each other and in the Earth there will be a dwelling place for you, along with an enjoyment for a specific time.” Then some important words revealed to him by Allah, due to that Allah turned towards him with His Mercy and forgiveness. “Indeed Allah is the Most-Relenting, All-Merciful.” (b) IMPORTANCE OF THEME Allah has chosen man as His vicegerent in the earth and gave him intention and authority to opt between right and wrong. For the purpose to refresh in the mind of mankind Allah has been sending His Messengers (pbut) in frequent intervals for Guidance. We all have to carry out the commandments of Allah with care and obedience. Otherwise those who disobeyed and argued with Him are cursed. Allah says in Qur’an, “So they prostrated themselves except Iblis (Satan), he refused and thought of himself superior and became one of disbelievers.” On the other hand when Adam (pbuh) did wrong to disobey, he turned towards Him for Mercy and He forgave him. There is a great lesson in it for mankind, that if he commits some evil, he should not make lame excuses before Allah for the legitimacy of his wrongdoing. He should seek forgiveness unconditionally as our father Adam (pbuh) did to avoid the wrath of Allah. PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

21 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF 12. ۡ SURAH AL-AN’AM: 06:75-79.   ۤ ٰ  ۡ ۡ  ۡ ۡ ۡ  ۡ ۡ ٰ ۡ ٰ ۡ ٰ ABﻨﻗﻮﻤﻟ ﻦﻣ  نabﻴﻟ   و ضرﻹﻵ  و  تﻮﻤﺴﻟ تﻮmﻠﻣ Z[ﻫﺮﺑ يﺮﻧ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ و ۤ       ۤ     ۡ   ٰ   ً ۡ ٰ      ۡ ۡ ﻹﻵ لﺎﻗ ﻞﻓ ﺎﻤﻠﻓ E *Íر ﺬﻫ لﺎﻗ E ﺎﺒpﻮﻛ ر ﻞﻴﻟ ﻪﻴﻠM ﻦﺟ ﺎﻤﻠﻓ﴾ ﴿ ٧٥      ۤ     ۡ   ٰ   ً      ۡ       ۡ ٰ ۡ لﺎﻗ ﻞﻓ ﺎﻤﻠﻓ E *Íر ﺬﻫ لﺎﻗ ﺎÙزﺎﺑ {|ﻘﻟ ر ﺎﻤﻠﻓ ﴿ ٧٦ ﴾ ABﻠﻓﻹﻵ ﺐ  ﺣ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ  ۡ ۡ  ۡ ﺲﻤﺸﻟ  ر ﺎﻤﻠﻓ ﴿ ٧٧ ﴾ ABﻟﺂﻀﻟ مﻮﻘﻟ ﻦﻣ  ﻦﻧﻮ¬ﻹﻵ *Íر *`ﺪﻬﻳ ﻢﻟ ﻦ…ﻟ   ٌ ۡ ٓ ۡ   ۡ ٰ   ۡ    ۤ       ۡ  ۤ  ۡ   ٰ   ً  ٰ ﺎ¸Ó ءيﺮﺑ *` مﻮﻘﻳ لﺎﻗ ﺖﻠﻓ ﺎﻤﻠﻓ E uά ﺬﻫ *Íر ﺬﻫ لﺎﻗ ﺔﻏزﺎﺑ ۤ   ً  ۡ    ۡ  ٰ     ۡ    ۡ   ۡ   ۡ    ۡ  ۡ ۡ ٰ و ﺎﻣ ﺎﻔﻴﻨﺣ ضرﻹﻵ و  تﻮﻤﺴﻟ ﺮﻄﻓ يﺬﻠﻟ Üﺟو ﺖﻬﺟو *` ﴿ ٧٨ ﴾ نﻮﻛ™Ûﺗ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۚ ﴿ ٧٩ ﴾ ABﻛ™Ûﻤﻟ ﻦﻣ  ﺎﻧ TRANSLATION 06:75. And in this way We showed Ibrahim (PBUH) (Abraham) the kingdom of the Heavens and the Earth so that he might be among the firm believers. 06:76. So when the night prevailed upon him, he SAW a star. He said, “This is my Rabb (Lord).” But when it set down, he said, “I do not like the setting ones.” 06:77. So when he SAW the moon rising in splendor; he said, “This is my Rabb (Lord). But when it set down, he said, “Unless my Rabb (Lord) will not guide me, definitely I would be among the people who have gone astray.” 06:78. THereafter when he SAW the sun rising in splendor; he said, “This is my Rabb (Lord), this is greater.” But when it set down too; he said, “O my people! I disown whatever you associate in worship with Allah.” PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

22 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF 06:79. Indeed I have turned my face upright towards that One who has created the Heavens and the Earth and I am not one of those who associate in worship with Allah. (a) THEME In these verses the theme of Tauheed is logically elaborated. Allah guided Abraham (pbuh) when he viewed and considered stars, the moon and the sun as his Lord, but thought them wrong when they set down. By their rising and setting he realized that there is some perfect power behind them which regularize them. So he stopped to associate dependent things with Allah. Qur’an says, “Ibrahim said, “Who has created me, He will guide me soon.” Therefore Allah has guided him to the right path and he left behind all false gods and goddesses, and turned his face upright toward that One Who has created the heavens and earth. (b) IMPORTANCE OF THEME Allah is our Guide for all the times. He has been frequently sending His Prophets towards us along with His Books. We should utilize from His Book Qur’an and Sunnah of His Messenger SAW. As in Surah Fatiha, a. “You (Allah) alone we worship and from You alone we seek help. Guide us along the Straight Way.” So that we may not go astray as many among the disbelievers have gone astray. b. “The Way of those, for whom You have approved Your Favor. Not the way of those who earned Your wrath nor of those who went astray.” All of Allah’s Messengers (pbut) with not even a single exception have told us to worship Him, He is Alone, worthy to worship. Qur’an says, PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

23 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF c. “The Messengers said to their people worship Allah alone.” All the natural objects are signs of Allah which invite our thoughts to ponder about the Creator and obey Him. We should worship Him because He is the Greatest, the Unique. 13. SURAH AL-MA’EDA: 05:110.   ۡ  ۡ       ٰ   ۡ   ۡ  ۡ ۡ  ۡ   ۡ   ۡ  ۡ  ٰ  ٰ  ۡ ﻚﺗﺪﻟ و ﻚﺗﺪﻳ ذ á XYM و ﻚﻴﻠM àﻤﻌﻧ ﺮpذ ﻢﻳ{ß ﻦﺑ Þﻴﻌﻳ ﷲ لﺎﻗ ذ ۡ ً ٰ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ سﺪﻘﻟ و ﺐﺘ  mn ﻚﺘﻤﻠM ۡ   E و ذ ﻹﻶﻬﻛ  ۡ و ﺪﻬﻤﻟ  *+ سﺎﻨﻟ ﻢﻠjﺗ ã    ۡ حوﺮﺑ  ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ ٰ ۡ ۡ ۡ ۡ S *`ذﺎﺑ uBﻄﻟ ﺔـﻴﻬﻛ  ABﻄﻟ ﻦﻣ  ﻖﻠv« ۡ ۡ  E و ذ ﻞﻴ¾ﻹﻵ  و ﺔäرﻮﺘﻟ  و ﺔﻤﻜHw ۡ  ۡ ۡ   ۡ  ۡ   ۡ  ۡ  ۡ  ۡ  ۡ ۢ ۡ   ۡ    ۡ   ۡ S ً E و ذ *`ذﺎﺑ صﺮﺑﻹﻵ و ﻪﻤ¬ﻹﻵ يuÎﺗ و *`ذﺎﺑ uBﻃ نabﺘﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ åﻔﻨﺘﻓ ٰ   ۡ ۡ  ۡ ۡ  ۡ   ۡ  ۡ ۤ ۡ   ۡ  ۡ   ۡ ۡ ٰ ۡ  ۡ  ۡ  ﺖﻨﻴﺒﻟﺎﺑ  CDﺘﺌﺟ ذ ﻚﻨﻋ ﻞﻳءآ™ì êﺑ ﺖﻔﻔﻛ E و ذ *`ذﺎﺑ *éﻮﻤﻟ جﺮv« ۡ ۡ ۡ ٰ ۡ ۡ ۡ  ۡ ٌ ٌ ﺬﻫ ﴿ ١١٠ ﴾ ABﺒﻣ ﺮH€  ﻹﻵ ۤ  ن CDﻨÐ  وŠ‹ﻛ ﻦﻳﺬﻟ لﺎﻘﻓ TRANSLATION 05:110.Then when Allah will say, “O Isa (PBUH) (Jesus) son of Maryam SA (Mary)! Remember my Blessing upon you and upon your mother, when I supported you with the Holy Spirit; you spoke to the people while you were still in the cradle and (also) in the mature age. And when I taught you the Book and the Wisdom and the Taurat (Torah) and the Injil (Gospel). And when you created out of the clay a figure like a bird with My permission, then you blew in it and it became a bird by My permission. And you cured the born blind and leper by My permission. And when you raised the dead by My permission. And when I kept the children of Isra’il (Israel, sons of Ya’qub (PBUH) ‘Jacob’) away from you, PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

24 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF when you came to them with Clear Signs.” So the disbelievers among them said, “This is nothing except a Clear Magic.” (a) THEME This verse of Qur’an is about the birth of Isa (pbuh) Jesus son of Maryam SA and his miracles while he was in cradle and even at maturity. He was supported with the Holy Spirit to speak in cradle. He was taught Torah and Gospel and wisdom. He used to cure born blind, leper and giving life to dead along with self made clay bird by breathing in it by the will of Allah. He was favored by keeping away the children of Isra’el when he came with clear signs. Allah says, “Remember O Isa (pbuh) son of Maryam SA! When I showered upon you My blessings.” He will return before the Day of Judgment and all people will believe in his Prophet-hood. As he was lifted by Allah alive when he was being crucified by his enemies. There is a great lesson in it for all of us. “(In fact) they neither killed him nor crucified him but it was made dubious to them.” (b) IMPORTANCE OF THEME Allah gives lesson to the mankind at large through the miracles and blessings what He bestowed upon Isa (pbuh) Jesus; as he spoke with full arguments in cradle to defend her mother, when no one can speak. He is Ruh ul Quds, he was given Prophet-hood and a Book Injil by birth. He was granted abundance of miracles including curing of born blind and leper, giving life to dead and to self made clay bird by will of Allah. All miracles are powers of Allah. a. “Therefore which of the Blessings of your Rabb (Lord), you both will deny”? Therefore we should believe in Sovereign Authority of Allah Almighty and always worship Him by inviting His favors for our good life. Qur’an says, PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

25 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF b. If you would count the favors of Allah, never you would be able to count them; for Allah is the Most-Forgiving, All-Merciful.” We should believe in Allah, His Books, His all Messengers (pbut), who were sent for our Guidance; and always prostrate to Allah in obedience and worship Him. 14. SURAH AL-DUHA: 93  ٰ ۡ   ٰ              ٰ   ۡ    ٰ ةﺮﺧﻹﻶﻟ ﴿ –  ٣ ﴾ و XYﻗ و ﺎﻣ ﻚﺑر ﻚﻋدو ﴿ ۙ  ٢ ﴾ ﺎﻣ íﺳ ذ ﻞﻴﻟ ﴿ ۙ  ١ و﴾ ﻀﻟ و ٰ ٰ  ۡ  ۡ ۡ ۡ ً ۡ ۡ ۡ ٌ ۡ ۡ ۡ ´µñﺘﻳ كﺪI ﻢﻟ ﴿ –  ٥ ﴾ ïuðﻓ ﻚﺑر ﻚﻴﻄﻌﻳ فﻮﺴﻟ  ﴿ –  ٤ ﴾ و *Öوﻹﻵ ﻦﻣ  ﻚﻟ uBﺧ     ٰ ۡ  ً        ٰ   ً        ٰ ٰ ﺎﻣﺎﻓ ﴿ –  ٨ ﴾ êﻏﺎﻓ ﻹﻶÉﺂﻋ كﺪﺟو ﴿ ò  ٧ ﴾ و يﺪﻬﻓ ﻹﻵﺂﺿ كﺪﺟو ﴿ ò  ٦ ﴾ و يوﺎﻓ ۡ        ۡ      ۡ            ۡ     ۡ  ۡ ۡ ۡ ثﺪHô ﻚﺑر ﺔﻤﻌﻨﺑ  ﺎﻣ – ﴿ ١٠ ﴾ و ﺮóﻨﺗ ﻹﻶﻓ ﻞÉﺂﺴﻟ ﺎﻣ ﴿ –  ٩ ﴾ و ﺮóﻘﺗ ﻹﻶﻓ Z[ﺘﻴﻟ ﴿ “١١ ﴾ TRANSLATION 01. I swear by the forenoon bright. 02. And by the night when it prevails. 03. (O Muhammad SAW)! Your Rabb (Lord) has neither forsaken you nor has become displeased. 04. And the Hereafter is definitely better for you than the present life. 05. And (O Muhammad SAW)! Soon your Rabb (Lord) will give you to the extent that you will be pleased. 06. (O Muhammad SAW)! Did He not find you an orphan and gave you shelter? 07. And He (Allah) found you in search of Aim (of Life); so He guided you. PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

26 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF 08. And He found you in need; so He enriched you. 09. Therefore do not treat the orphan with oppression. 10. And do not scold the beggar. 11. And (always) proclaim the Blessings of your Rabb (Lord). (a) THEME This Surah of Qur’an was sent down to Muhammad SAW after a considerable suspension of revelation and the infidels of Makkah started to voice against Muhammad that he has been left alone by the one who was teaching him. Therefore Allah consoled the Prophet SAW by confirming him that he is not alone. As Allah says, “(O Muhammad SAW)! Your Rabb (Lord) has neither forsaken you nor has become displeased.” Allah assures the Prophet for His blessings at his pleasure. It also depicts that Allah has countless favors for whole mankind. In all the crucial situations when there is no one to help us He is the last reliance. He provides us sustenance, cure and help us at every moment of need. (b) IMPORTANCE OF THEME This Surah is about the countless blessings, good relations to His Servant and the mankind at large. He never lets His beloved Servant to suffer in difficult situation. Who is the one to whom we can implore at the time of crisis except Allah? Allah says, a. “And when my servants ask Me; I am near to them. Accept their requests when they make; therefore respond to Me and believe in me alone, so that you may become successful.” To perform all obligatory duty to Allah is essential for us. That is not mere worshipping to Allah. We should take care to prevail harmony in the society in which we live. We should take care of needy, orphans, widows and all poor around us. In such way we can make our life good. We should take mercy PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

27 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF upon His creatures to show gratitude for Allah’s bounties. As Prophet SAW says, b. “The one who does not show mercy, will not be shown mercy.” We should pray and remain thankful to Allah. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. SURAH AL-KAUSAR 108.     ۤ ۡ   ۡ  ٰ  ۡ ۡ ۡ  ۡ ۡ ۡ uðﺑﻹﻵ ﻮﻫ ﻚﺌﻧﺎﺷ ن ﴿ –  ٢ ﴾ ﺮH¾  و ﻚﺑŽ  ﻞﺼﻓ ﴿ –  ١ ﴾ ﺮﺛﻮmn ﻚﻨﻴﻄﻋ ﺎﻧ ﴿ “٣ ﴾ TRANSLATION 01. (O Muhammad SAW)! We have granted you every good thing in abundance indeed. 02. Therefore offer Salah (Prayer) to your Rabb (Lord) and sacrifice (to Him). 03. (O Muhammad SAW)! It is your enemies whose traces are completely cut off indeed. (a) THEME This Surah shows us about the close love of Allah with Prophet SAW. After the death of his two sons Qasim and Abdullah when Pagans of Makkah started to mock at him of not having the male issue; Allah himself condemned their attitude by calling them abtar (completely cut off). He confirmed the position of Prophet SAW by granting him Kausar (abundance of every good thing in this world and the Hereafter too). Allah asks the Prophet SAW to say Prayer and sacrifice. Allah says, “And remember Allah in abundance, so that you may become successful.” PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

28 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF (b) IMPORTANCE OF THEME Muslims should have belief in Allah at every moment; even though we are in pleasures or in grief. It is the nature of mankind when he is in pleasure he ignores Allah, but when he is afflicted by evil he performs prolong Prayers. We should seek his favors at every moment, and then Allah bestows His blessings to the extent of satisfaction. As Allah says, a. “And (O Muhammad SAW)! Soon your Rabb (Lord) will give you to the extent that you will be pleased.” We should follow the commands of Allah in the light of sunnah of Muhammad SAW. As Allah says in Qur’an, b. “Obey Allah and Obey Messenger.” Allah has fulfilled His commitments to Prophet SAW. Being a Muslim we should turn towards Allah in adoration, and sacrifice. We should worship Him alone without making an association with Him. We should always turn towards Him for Mercy to seek forgiveness for ever. Previous Questions: a, Briefly describe the main themes in each passage. b, Briefly describe the importance of themes in each passage. Year Sura 2014 O/N Sura (41.37), Sura (1), Sura (99) 2014 M/J Sura (112), Sura (6. 75-79), Sura (93) 2013 O/N Sura(114), Sura (5.110), Sura (108) 2013M/J Sura (6. 101-103), Sura (41.37), Sura (99) 2012 O/N Sura (93), Sura (6. 75-79), Sura (5.110) PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

29 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF 2012 M/J Sura (42. 4-5), Sura (1), Sura (108) 2011 O/N Sura (41. 37), Sura (96. 1-5), Sura (2. 21-22) 2011 M/J Sura (2. 21-22), Sura (99), Sura (114) 2010 O/N Sura (5. 110), Sura (6. 75-79), Sura (93) 2010 M/J Sura (6. 101-103), Sura (41. 37), Sura (112) 2009 O/N Sura (2. 30-37), Sura (5. 110), Sura (108) 2009 M/J Sura (1), Sura (96. 1-5), Sura (2. 21-22) CHAPTER 2. HISTORY AND IMPORTANCE OF QUR’AN DESCRIPTION /STRUCTURE OF QUR’AN Qur’an is the Book of Guidance revealed to Prophet Muhammad SAW in a period of 23 years. Allah the Most Gracious created man and bestowed with learning and understanding to discriminate between right and wrong. He sent Adam (pbuh) on earth and told him that when Guidance comes to him from Allah he should follow it. From Adam (pbuh) to Muhammad SAW all Messengers and Prophets (pbut) received Guidance. As Qur’an is the final Guidance of Allah therefore it is applicable to all till the Doomsday. It deals with every aspect of human being. Allah says, “And certainly We have brought to them a Book that We have elaborated on the basis of knowledge. (Which is) a Guidance and Mercy for the people who believe.” The Qur’an has 30 parts (Paras), seven Stages (Manazil). Every part (para) is further divided into 4 parts which are called quarter, half, two third and full para. It has 114 Surahs, the longest one is Surah Al-Baqra having 286 Verses (Ayats) and the shortest one is Surah Al-Kausar, having 3 Verses (Ayats) only. The longer Surahs are further divided into sections (Ruku) and there are 558 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

30 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF Ruku’at and 6349 Ayats including Bismillah at the start of every Surah . It has two kinds of Surahs Makki and Madani relating to area of revelation. 86 Surahs revealed at Makkah and 28 in Madinah. Makki Surahs are revealed in Makkah; these are short versed and a strong rhyme Surahs having affluent literary touch that touches the heart, mostly take their start by Huruf-e-Mukati’at. They address the people “O mankind! These Surahs contain such verses that relate to Majesty of Allah followed by the injunctions to perform prostration, dealing mostly with Oneness of Allah, Uniqueness of His attributes, the Day of Judgment, Paradise and Hell and character building, invitation to accept reality and morality, so that peace and harmony may prevail in the world. They contain description of the bad character of infidels of Makkah and stories of previous Prophets. Madani Surahs are revealed in Madinah. They are long versed Surahs containing detailed teachings of every aspect of life, like social, economic, religious and spiritual laws, permitted and forbidden thing and rules of war, peace, rights and obligations and preaching of Islam. They also teach the moral behavior of defeat and victory, as well as treating the prisoner of war. They address the people “O you who believe! The first verse of revelation came in the cave of Hira is: (O Muhammad SAW!) Read in the name of your Rabb (Lord), Who has created (all that exist). And the last one revealed in a plain of Araf’at during the farewell pilgrimage of Prophet SAW is: “Today I have perfected your Deen for you, and fulfilled My blessings upon you, and become pleased for you on Deen Islam.” PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

31 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF REVELATION OF QUR’AN Revelation is the method of conveying the messages of Allah towards His Messengers (pbut). It is reported by Abdullah bin Abbas RA in Sunan Nisa’i that Qur’an was descended in wholesome from Al-Loh-Al-Mahfuz (the preserved tablet) to the nearest heaven in Shab-e-Qadr. From there it was sent down in stages to Muhammad SAW in 23 years period as and when needed. Qur’an says, “And We have sent down Qur’an in stages.” There are three ways of revelation. 1. Revelation on the heart. 2. From behind the curtain. 3. Through messenger angel. The methods which were applied to convey the Guidance to Muhammad SAW for above three ways were: 1. Allah himself sent the inspiration on the heart of Muhammad in dream and retained in him. 2. There was sound from behind the curtain like ringing of bells and the message conveyed, and it was a hardest way of revelation. 3. Allah used to send His angel Gabriel in disguise of mankind to convey the message of Allah. The first kind of revelation was came to Muhammad SAW when he was sleeping. Then he used to remain in cave of Hira in solitude, worshipped Allah and meditated for many days and nights. Until one night the Prophet received angel Jibra’el (Gabriel) and he delivered to him the first five verses of Surah Alaq. 01. (O Muhammad SAW!) Read in the name of your Rabb (Lord), Who has created (all that exist). 02. He (Allah) has created Mankind from a clot of a blood. 03. (O Muhammad SAW)! Read and your Rabb (Lord) is the Most- Gracious. PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

32 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF 04. Who has taught (knowledge) by the pen. 05. He (Allah) has taught Mankind what he did not know. The revelation of Qur’an in stages is clearly mentioned in Surah Bani-Isra’el and Surah Furqan. WHY QUR’AN WAS REVEALED IN STAGES There were many reasons for revelation of Qur’an in stages. Allah wanted to strengthen the heart of Muhammad SAW gradually. We can also understand it logically; if someyone is burdened with heavy load at once, it is impossible for him to shoulder it. On the other hand if he is given the heaviest load to bear in pieces; he will easily lift it. Whenever a need of Guidance arose for Muslims, the direction came. It was revealed in stages to implement the laws of Allah gradually. For instance, when the ground of belief and Prayers became ready, nd the fasting and the fighting in the way of Allah became obligatory, in 2 Hijra. Another factor was that it may become easy to understand, apply and memorize by the believers. Qur’an Says, “And We have divided the Qur’an in parts, so that you may recite it to the Mankind at intervals and We have revealed it in a special manner of revelation.” REVELATION OF QUR’AN BETWEEN 610-632 AD The first revelation to the Prophet SAW was exposed on his heart when he was sleeping. It appeared to him like dawn after dark night. Solitude and th meditation became part of his life. Once in a cave of Hira on 27 of Ramadan when he was busy in meditation, angel Gabriel came to him in man disguise and asked him to ‘read’. He gave him the first five verses of Suraj Alaq to read. After the first revelation he was a bit afraid. Hazrat Khadija RA appeased him and got confirmation of Prophet-hood from Warqa bin Naufal. After this the revelation ceased for long duration. This period is called Fatarat-ul-Wahi. PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

33 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF During this period Muhammad SAW was moving round about in distress. Prophet said, “One day I heard the voice from heaven, which lifted my eyes up; there I SAW the same angel who came to me at cave of Hira, sitting on a throne between heaven and earth. He filled me with awe and I hurriedly returned to my home and said to Khadija RA to wrap me up.” Then Allah the Most-High sent upon me the revelation, 01. O you wrapped up in a cloak (Muhammad SAW)! 02. Stand up and warn. 03. And pronounce greatness of your Rabb (Lord). 04. And purify your garments. Later on it was resumed with Surah Al-Duha and Surah Al-Furqan. From this time to onward Muhammd SAW never ceased to receive the revelation. Surah Al-Kausar was revealed to console the Prophet against scolding of Abu-Jahal and naming him abtar (an issue less). It is narrated by Hazrat Ayesh, “I SAW revelation coming down upon Prophet SAW, when the condition was over I SAW perspiration ran down his forehead.” A companion of the Prophet said, “Muhammad SAW was riding on his camel (Quswa), meanwhile a revelation came upon him and the camel sat down due to heavy weight at that time.” When the Prophet SAW was affected by the magic he became very ill. Allah revealed Surah Falaq, and An-Naas (Mauzatain) to save him from magic affects. When Muhammad SAW was in cave of Saur with Hazrat Siddique Akbar during migration, it was eminent that they will be noticed by the chasers of Quraish. At that time Allah sent down His revelation to console him, “Don’t worry Allah is with us.” During the whole 23 years of Prophet-hood Muhammad SAW received the revelation of Allah on every occasion whenever it was needed. At last the day PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

34 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF came when Muhammad SAW delivered a historic Farewell Sermon at Araf’at the last revelation came upon him in these words, “Today I have perfected your Deen for you, and fulfilled My blessings upon you, and become pleased for you on Deen Islam.” THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPHET SAW EXPERIENCE OF FIRST REVELATION The experience was of great importance to Muhammad SAW. Even though he had a true vision about reality during the time period, but the angel Gabriel th who appeared to him in human disguise in the cave of Hira on 27 of Ramadan, and the treatment what he has given to him like hugging to the extent that Muhammad SAW felt as his ribs were cracking down, was totally unexpected to him. This was the same angel who brought revelations to Prophets and Messengers before him. But the Prophet SAW was unaware about all this. He thought that he might be gripped by evil spirit or jinni. When the procedure of, “Read in the name of your Rabb (Lord), Who has created” was over he fled out from the cave. Meanwhile he heard the voice above him, “O Muhammad SAW! You are the Messenger of Allah and I am Gabriel.” This night is very important in the life of the world because it was the beginning of new era of Islam, the era of light against darkness. From thence forth with the message of Islam started to spread throughout the world by Muhammad SAW and Qur’an as well. HOW QUR’AN IS USEFUL IN LEGAL THINKING / MATTERS The structure of Islamic Law is based on the teachings of Qur’an and Sunnah. The laws contained in both sources are called primary laws which cannot be changed at any cost. As Allah say in Qur’an, PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

35 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF “This is the Book (Qur’an), in which there is no doubt at all; Guidance for those who remain in piety to Allah.” Not a single aspect of human life is away from the grip of Qur’an and Sunnah. However there are few examples which show us how the Book of Allah guides us to decide the matters of our life in the light of Islamic Laws. LAWFUL FOOD All food grow up from soil is lawful except poison. In the same manner the animals slaughtered by pronouncing the name of Allah are lawful. Qur’an says, “This day all good things have been made lawful for you.” UNLAWFUL FOOD In the same way Allah has declared some food unlawful whichis described in Qur’an in the following words, “Forbidden to you are; carrion and blood and flesh of swine and that on which (at the time of slaughtering) other than the name of Allah has been mentioned.” MARRIAGE It is the basis of family in any society especially of Muslim family life. A good and perfect society can grow up only when man and woman are bound in pure social contract of marriage. Qur’an clearly guides us about marital relations which are permitted and forbidden, “And do not marry the women whom your fathers had married, except that which has already gone (let bygones be bygones). It has been shameful and hateful and an evil custom indeed.” Qur’an has already detailed the relations in Surah An-Nisa Verse No:23 with whom marriage is permitted or forbidden. PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

36 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF “Forbidden (unlawful) to you (for marriage) are your mothers and your daughters and your sisters and your paternal aunts and your maternal aunts and the daughters of your brother and the daughters of your sister and your mothers who suckled you (foster mothers) and your sisters through suckling (foster sisters) and mothers of your wives (mothers in law) and your step daughters under your care in your homes, born of your wives with whom you have had intercourse and if you have not had an intercourse with them, then there is no sin on you (to marry) and the wives of your sons, those who are from your loins and (also forbidden) that you combine two sisters (in wedlock at the same time), except that which has already gone (let bygones be bygones). Indeed Allah is the Most-Forgiving, All-Merciful.” DOWER / BRIDAL MONEY Paying dower or bridal money to wife is essential for marriage. Allah says in Qur’an, “Give them their bridal money /dower as settled.” DIVORCE Allah does not favor divorce. Even though due to uneven social conditions if it becomes essential, it is permissible but still undesirable. Under such unavoidable circumstances someone can use this option under strict laws of Allah. Qur’an has declared in deatail in Surah Al-Baqra Verse No: 229 regarding this matter. “Divorce is twice: then either to retain (her) in good manner or to release (her) in kindness. And it is not lawful for you (men) to take back anything out of which you have given to them (the bridal money etc), except when both fear that they will not be able to keep the limits ordained by Allah. So if indeed you fear that both of them may not be able to keep the limits ordained by Allah; then there is no sin on both of them for what she gives back (of her bridal money) for her release. These are ordained limits of Allah, therefore do not cross them. And PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

37 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF whosoever crosses the ordained limits of Allah! Then those are the transgressors.” There are some laws involved even after when someone pronounced divorce. Allah says, “O Prophet SAW! When you (Muslims) divorce women, divorce them at their prescribed period of ‘Iddah’ and count the prescribe period ‘Iddah’. And remain in piety to Allah, your Rabb (Lord).” INHERITANCE There is complete law of inheritance in Islam. A wealth of deceased one is divided among his relatives in accordance with the principles laid down by Allah in Qur’an, “Allah directs you regarding your children. For a male there is a share (inherited) equal to that of two females. But if they are women (only daughters), more than two, then for them there is two third of what one leaves behind. And if she is one (alone daughter) for her there is one half.” There are prescribed shares for wife, husband, parents and other relatives too. THEFT For those who committed theft for them there is sentenced mentioned in Qur’an, “And (the sentence of) the male and female thief (is to) cut off the hands of both as a punishment for what they committed, (being) an exemplary punishment from Allah. And Allah is All-Powerful, All-Wise.” OTHER VICES For other social vices Allah says in Qur’an, PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

38 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF “O you who believe! Indeed wine and gambling and idols and divining arrows are filth of Shaitan’s (Satan’s) craftsmanship, avoid of that so that you may become ever successful.” There are complete laws for mankind in his dealings like; usury, killing and blood money (Qisas and Deyat), business rules and agreements, will at the time of death, intoxication, inheritance of “Kalala” etc. There is a complete list of 70 big crimes and laws, which is further extended by jurists to 700 and even of small crimes list goes to 900, in Qur’an. Allah says. “We have revealed to you the Book (Qur’an) in Truth, so that you may judge between people by which Allah has guided you. Therefore be not a pleader for dishonest.” CONTENTS AND THEMES OF QUR’AN There are many themes in Qur’an. Detail is given below. TAUHEED (ONENESS OF ALLAH) There are un-shareable qualities of Allah mentioned in Surah Ikhlas. “ Say (O Prophet SAW!), “He, Allah is the One. Allah is Self-Sufficient. He begets not, nor was He begotten! And no one is equal to Him.” PROPHET-HOOD Allah has sent Messengers and Prophets to every nation, tribe and territory with frequent intervals for Guidance of mankind, so that there may not be any excuse for them on the Day of Judgmet. For which Allah says in Qur’an, a. “For every nation there is a guide.” b. “We have raised up among you a Messenger (Muhammd SAW) as other Messengers (pbut) have been for those people before you.” The Qur’an is filled with the stories of previous Messengers / Prophets (pbut) and there nations who belied them and the punishment of Allah what He PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

39 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF extended against them; like Naoh, Salih, Hud, Lot, Shoaib, and story of Moses and Pharaoh are famous in Qura,an. GUIDANCE Quar’an is a complete Guidance and wisdom. Allah has clearly mentioned in Qur’an that the man’s success in this world and Hereafter depends on acting upon the instructions of Qur’an. Allah says in Surah Al-Baqra, “This is the Book (Qur’an), in which there is no doubt at all; Guidance for those who remain in piety to Allah. Those who believe in the Unseen and establish Salah (Prayer) and spend out of that whatever We have provided to them. Who believe in (the Qur’an) which has been revealed to you (Muhammad SAW) and which has been revealed (to all the Messengers (PBUT) of Allah) before you, and they have Faith in the Hereafter (the Day of Resurrection). They are on (complete) Guidance from their Rabb (Lord) and they are ever successful.” The message of Qur’an is universal, it addresses to all the worlds. No one from trifle to huge, known to unknown and ignorant to learned is excluded from this high message. Allah says, “This divine Book is only a Reminder for universe. Unseful for everyone who wishes to be on Straight Path.” BELIEVERS IN UNSEEN Qur’an gives glad tiding to those who believe in unseen. Allah says, “This is the Book (Qur’an), in which there is no doubt at all; Guidance for those who remain in piety to Allah. Those who believe in the Unseen.” There is unending reward for those who believe in Allah in unseen and act upon His commandments and teachings of His Messenger SAW. Qur’an says, “The one who believe in Allah and the Last Day and do good deeds, his reward is Paradise in which he will live forever.” PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

40 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF NEWS OF UNSEEN Qur’an contains the news of unseen which are beyond the concept and comprehension of mankind. For instance; Allah, angels, Burzakh (curtain between life and the day of Resurrection), Doomsday, the Day of Resurrection, the Day of Judgment, Paradise and Hell etc. These all are unseen; for which Allah says that all rewards of Paradise are for those who believe in unseen. “God fearing are those who believe in unseen, for them there is reward of Jannah.” DISBELIEVERS Qur’an declares punishment of Hell for those who disbelieve in Allah and Messenger SAW. Allah says, “Those who disbelieve and died as disbeliever, thier final abode is Jahannam. They will live therein forever.” WORSHIP The Qur’an has made obligatory for believers to worship only for the sake Allah. Qur’an says, “(O Muhammad SAW)! Your Rabb (Lord) has decreed (for the whole Mankind) that you worship none but Him (Allah alone).” Daily five time’s Prayer is the main form of worship of Allah, for which Allah has clearly mentioned in Surah Bani Israel Verse No:78. “Establish Al-Salah (Prayer) between the decline of the sun (mid-day) till the darkness of the night (i.e. the Prayers of Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib and Isha); and recite the Qur’an at early dawn (i.e. the establishment of Fajr Prayer and the recitation of Qur’an). Indeed the recital of the Holy Qur’an at early dawn is ever witnessed.” The Qur’an also stresses for the punctuality of Prayers on set times, PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

41 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF “Indeed Salah (Prayer) is prescribed on the believers in set times (of day and night).” CODE OF CONDUCT / MANNERS It contains complete code of conduct, moral instructions, teaching regarding spiritual, social, economic and political matters. The general problems of the life contains large portion of Qur’an. For which the Holy Prophet guided his followers perfectly. No issue of the life remained untouched by the Prophet SAW in the light of Qur’an. Therefore Allah says, “Obey Allah and obey the Messenger.” LAWS Qur’an is a complete code of life. It express clearly the laws regarding, lawful and unlawful, Awamir and Nawahi, marriage and divorce, trust and untrust, social evils, Qisas and Diyat, trade and treaties, oath and witness, hoarding and business etc. Allah says in Qur’an, “Allah has made business lawful for you and made usury unlawful.” HUMAN RIGHTS Qur’an gives great emphasis to human rights. Its teachings are for individual as well as for nations. Qur’an guides how to lead the life peaceful and successful in all social, spiritual, moral and legal matters. Well said that, “The Holy Qur’an is champion of human rights and obligations.” It clearly condemns the looting, plundering, killing, disorder and transgression. It advocates peace and harmony in society at large. Allah says. “And do not spread disorder in the earth.” PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

42 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF IJMA (CONSENSUS OF OPINION) In Islamic terminology Ijma means consensus of opinion of the companions of Prophet SAW or Muslim Jurists of particular age on question of law. Allah says, “Take council among them.” Ijma is the second source of Islamic law. After the death of Holy Prophet SAW the boundaries of Islamic state expanded. Due to rapid spreading of Islam Muslims were faced with new problems, the answer to which could not be found in Qur’an and Hadith. Thus Muslims resorted to Ijma to reach on an agreed solution. For which Muhammad SAW said, “Gather together the righteous from among my community and decide the matter by their council and do not decide it by any individual’s opinion.” (Abu Daud). As Qur’an says in this matter, “O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those charged with authority among you.” IJMA DURING LIFE TIME OF MUHAMMAD SAW a. During the battle of Uhad Muhammad SAW took the side of the council of his companion’s majority to go outside of Madinah to fight, though he himself was against it. b. During the battle of Trench on the suggestion of Salman Farsi RA the Holy Prophet SAW dug a trench in the light of Ijma of his companions. The Holy Prophet SAW said, “My community will never agree on an error.” PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

43 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF KINDS OF IJMA There are three kinds of Ijma. 1. Ijma of companions It is kind of Ijma which was carried out during the life of companions of Prophet like compilation of Qur’an, congregation of Taraweeh etc. 2. Ijma of Jurists It is a kind of Ijma which is carried out by Jurists of Islam Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Shafi and Imam Malik etc. 3. Ijmas of Muslim Ummah it is a kind of Ijma which is carried out by Muslim Ummah at large. FOUNDATIONS OF IJMA There are three foundations of Ijma. 1. Ittefaq-i-Qauli (consensus by speech). It is unanimous consent expressed in the declaration of opinion. 2. Ittefaq-i-Fa’eli (consensus by practice). It is unanimity of practice. 3. Ittefaq-e-Sakut (consensus by silence). It is a non interference of majority of the Juritsts when they signify the opinion of majority by silence. The Ijma may either be “Azimah” or “Rukhsa” in its nature. Azimah is when scholars have spoken with one another concerning opinion in question and acted upon it. Rukhsa is when some scholars have discussed or acted upon to an opinion and the rest kept silent although the matter has been communicated to them and there has passed enough time for consideration. PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

44 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF After attainment of consensus on opinion further controversy is barred forever unless it is abrogated. ABROGATION OF IJMA The abrogation of Ijma is only possible by Ijma of similar class. Thus the Ijma of the companions can be repealed by another Ijma of the companions; and likewise the Ijma of the second generation can be abrogated by the Ijma of the same generation. EXAMPLES OF IJMA CARRIED OUT AFTER THE DEATH OF PROPHET SAW. a. On the suggestion of Hazrat Umar RA, during the Caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr RA the compilation of Qur’an in a Book form was made by the Ijma of the companions. b. Muhammad SAW performed Taraveeh Prayers only 3 or 4 times in congregation during his life time. During the Caliphate of Hazrat Umar RA the system of congregation of Taraveeh was introduced by the Ijma of the companions. c. During the life time of Holy Prophet there was only one AZAN for Friday Prayers. But during the Caliphate of Hazrat Uthman the population of Madinah expended considerably and the AZAN could not be heard due to noise in the markets. Therefore the companions of the Prophet SAW decided by Ijma that another call should be given. It was introduced during the period of Hazrat Uthman RA. PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

45 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF QIYAS (ANOLOGY) It is the analogical deduction of Qur’an, Suuanh, and Ijma. It is use of human reasoning to compare the existing situation with one of which the legislation already exists. If problem arises when none of these have dealt directly then the scholars try to find out a law in any of them which has a similar cause and classify the problem in the same manner. Allah says in Qur’an, “So take lesson, O you who have eyes!” Once the Holy Prophet SAW said to Muaz bin Jabal when he was deputed to Yaman as Governor, “Judge in accordance with the Book of Allah. If you do not find in it what you need, then upon my Sunnah. If you do not find in both; then develop your personal opinion.” (Abu Daud).” It is narrated by Ibn-e-Sirin that sometimes a case would come before Abu Bakr RA for which he could find no source in the Book of Allah nor any trace / tradition in the Sunnah; he would say, “I will exert myself to arrive at my own conclusion. If it is right then it is from Allah. It is wrong, it is from me and I seek forgiveness of Allah.” PILLARS OF QIYAS There are four pillars of Qiyas. 1. Asl (root). The original subject against which the new subject is compared. Like; wine drinking. 2. Far (branch). The new subject which is the object for analogy. Like; use of narcotic drugs. 3. Illah (cause). The cause which brings together the original subject and the new subject for Qiyas. Like; intoxicating effects. PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

46 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF 4. Hokum (rule). The rule passed by Qiyas; a prohibition. Allah says in Qur’an, “O you who believe! Indeed wine and gambling and idols and divining arrows are filth of Shaitan’s (Satan’s) craftsmanship, avoid of that so that you may become ever successful.” CONDITIONS FOR QIYAS a. The practice upon which it is founded must be of common application. b. The cause must be the compelling factor. ie the ideas intended by the shariah. It should also be open, complete in itself and not be hidden and ambigious. c. The decision must be based either on Qur’an, Sunnah or Ijma. d. The decision concluded must not be contrary to anything declared elsewhere in the Qur’an and Sunnah. Previous Questions: Q1. (a) How are the Quran and Hadis used together in Islamic Legal Thinking? (10)(2009 M/J, O/N), (2010 O/N), (2012 O/N) (b) Why do some legal scholars reject the use of analogy (Qiyas)? (4) (2009 M/J) Q2. (a) Write an account of the ways in which the Quran was revealed to the Prophet (SAW) between years 610 and 632 AD. (10) (2009 O/N), (2012 O/N). (b) What does Prophet (SAW) first experience of revelation tells us about the nature of Islam? (4) (2009 O/N). Q3. (a) Give an account of how the Quran was compiled in the years following the Prophet (SAW) death. (10) (2010 M/J), (2011 O/N). (b) Explain why first community of Muslims thought it was necessary to compile Quran. (4)(2010 M/J), (2011 O/N) Q4. Give an example to show how the Quran could be used in the exercise of Qiyas (analogy). (4)(2010 O/N). PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF

47 PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF Q5. (a) From the Quranic passages you have studied outline the relationship between God and two of His Messengers who were sent before the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). (10) (2011 M/J). (b) Explain why God sends His revelation through Messengers. (4) (2011 M/J). Q6. (a) From passages you have studied from the Quran, write about God’s relationship with humankind. (10) (2012 M/J). (b) Explain the significance of Quran being revealed to humankind. (2012 M/J, O/N). Q7. How is the use of Ijma important for Muslims today? (2012 O/N). Q8. (a) Describe what the following Suras tell Muslims about the circumstances in which they were revealed (112 Al-Ikhlas) and (108 Al Kausar). (10) (b) To what extent is the Quran basis of legal thinking in Islam? (4) (2013 M/J). Q9. (a) Write about the relationship between God and two of Prophets you have studied in Quran (not including Prophet Muhammad SAW). (10) (b) Why do Prophets go through difficulties in their lives? (4) (2013 O/N). Q10. (a) Using passage you have studied, write about the main teachings about God in Quran. (10) (b) How might these teachings affect a Muslim’s life today? (4) Q11. (a) The Sunna is often used with the Quran as a primary source of Islamic law. Describe the ways in which they are used together. (10) (2014 M/J) (b) “The Quran is not as relevant to Muslims now as it was 1400 years ago.” Give two reasons to agree or disagree with this statement. (4) Q12. (a) Write about the methods used to compile the Qur’an into a book after the death of the Prophet. (10) (2014 O/N) (b) Why is understanding the teaching of the Qur’an important to Muslims? (4) PROFESSORDRIAZMUHAMMADARIF