Atlas 2016 Eng

World ranking Barley grain 1st 35th world world producer Russia producer Mexico 15,388,704 tonnes 594,437 tonnes 2015 foreign trade The harvested world surface of barley Four of each thousand tonnes of this grain are 2014-2015 variation (%) reached 49.1 million hectares, of which produced on Mexican fields, with a similar yield the Russian Federation has 8 million. to the one reached by the world leader in volume.2015 foreign trade Imports Exports Trade balance Imports ExportsThe Mexican brewing industry demands significant quantities of barley grain, which Votlounmnees 168,382 0.0005 -168,381 96.5 -100.0is satisfied with national harvests and volumes imported from other countries. Value 48.6 0.00001 -48.6 73.3 -100.0Commercial origin-destination million USDThe cereal obtained from abroad comes mainly from the United States and France. Increase Decrease 11* Main USA Buyer (Mexican exports) Supplier (Mexican imports) Importer and Exporter * USD Adequate geographical characteristics for production Saudi Arabia, China and Belgium are the three largest importers of barley grain in the Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology world. The Arab country acquires 7.7 million tonnes annually on average. 1,800 to 3,000 400 to 600 3 to 30 °C Not very deep soils, stony and well-drained,Foreign trade evolution (million USD) MASL mm pH of 6.0 - 8.5 64.3 48.6 23.1 30.1 26.1 28.1 The regions with the best conditions12.1 for the development of this crop are 21.7 located in the Central area. 14.3 15.1 0.004 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.04 0.003 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.00001 Exports Imports 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Monthly distribution of foreign trade(%) Exportaciones ImportacionesImports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Barley grain production potentialExports 5.0 10.6 17.8 1.1 3.1 8.4 1.5 3.9 7.2 8.5 19.5 13.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59

Onion Onion production increased for the second consecutive Percentage of the production value by state year, reflecting the greater surface sowed and the high yields obtained. Baja California Chihuahua Although Chihuahua generates the largest volumes 17.4 17.2 of this crop, the best prices were located in Baja 2006-2015 National production volume California; thus, in 2015 this state generated the (thousands of tonnes) greatest economic sum of the country for the sale of this vegetable: 1.112 billion MXN. APvreomraegdieo 1,313 Tamaulipas 12.8 1,2382006 2007 2008 20009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1,387 1,246Top 10 in production volume 1,196Main producing states 1,266 Rank State 1,399 Volume Variation (%) When slicing onion, sulfuric acid is released, which 1,239 (tonnes) 2014-2015 activates the lacrimal glands, immediately producing a National total 1,270 liquid that protects the eyes and dilutes the substance. 1 Chihuahua 1,368 1,518,972 11.0 2 Zacatecas Variations % 1,519 294,826 9.5 2015 inYiedldicators Contribution to the national 3 Tamaulipas 167,970 9.4 production of vegetables 4 Guanajuato 166,268 28.7 5 Michoacan 156,377 4.3 10.8% 6 Baja California 150,421 7.8 7 Puebla 133,435 8.0 8 San Luis Potosi 85,385 12.9 9 Morelos 67,643 -6.1 10 Jalisco 66,550 -5.6 57,543 18.0 Rest 172,554 26.7 Surface Annual per capita consumption Sowed Lost Harvested Volume Value Yield Average rural Million MXN price 9.99.8 Kg10. Annual Thousand hectares Thousand Tonnes / 2014-2015 51 0.002 51 tonnes 6,393 hectare MXN / tonne 1,519 AAGR 5.6 -78.9 6.9 12.9 30.0 4,209 2006-2015 0.9 -20.1 1.2 11.0 6.6 2.3 3.9 1.7 1.1 4.2 Increase DecreaseNational monthly production (%) Mostly available Moderately available Least or not availableThis vegetable is produced all year long, although the volumes obtained during May and August are the most significant. 5.8 6.8 9.6 8.0 12.3 8.4 8.8 12.0 8.5 7.4 8.0 4.4 January February March April May June July August September October November December60

World ranking Onion 1st 14th world world producer China producer Mexico 23,130,000 tonnes 1,270,060 tonnes 2015 foreign trade A quarter of the 91.3 million tonnes Of the 159 countries that harvest this vegetable, 2014-2015 variation (%) of onion harvested in the world come Mexico has a planting area that represents 1% of the from this Asian country. world and contributes 1.5% to the production volume.2015 foreign trade Imports Exports Trade balance Imports ExportsThe highest foreign sales of these vegetables generated a positive trade balance of Votlounmnees 70,010 388,697 318,687 -12.5 -0.4173 million USD. Value 37 210 173 -24.0 3.5Commercial origin-destination million USDThe largest volume of exports and imports of onion that Mexico traded were carried out Increase Decreasemainly with the United States: 89.9 and 98.7%, respectively. Canada Buyer Main (Mexican 203,714,630* exports) USA Supplier (Mexican Guatemala imports) Importer and Exporter * USDPotential markets for the commercialization of onion are Malaysia, Brazil, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Senegal.Foreign trade evolution (million USD) 210.2 Adequate geographical characteristics for production 198.8 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology 203.2 0 to 2,800 350 to 600 15 to 22 °C Light to medium textured soils; 155.3 MASL mm 35 to 50 cm in depth, pH 6.0 - 7.5 50.0 64.5 48.6 There are regions in the Baja California peninsula that have favorable conditions 37.0 for the development of onion crops.37.5 33.0 36.8 38.7 2014 201517.8 25.0 25.3 11.8 17.6 14.2 18.5 38.0 Importaciones2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Exports Imports ExportacionesMonthly distribution of foreign trade(%)Imports Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Onion production potentialExports 9.5 5.4 3.8 1.6 0.9 0.8 1.2 7.3 16.2 27.3 12.9 13.1 4.5 6.1 12.6 15.6 12.3 11.7 13.2 5.4 4.0 3.6 5.4 5.6 61

Green chili The production of this crop continues to rise. During 2015 Percentage of the production value by state it reached a historical maximum in volume, as a result of the increase in the area sown, as well as of better yields in Chihuahua Chihuahua generates 3 out of every the main producing state. 21.4 10 tonnes of green chili; in 2015 the sowed surface that was destined for its 2006-2015 National production volume APvroemraedgioe cultivation was 8.1% greater than that of (thousands of tonnes) the previous year. 2,303 Sinaloa 16.9 2,078 San Luis Potosi 2,260 14.5 2,052 1,9822006 2007 2008 20009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2,336 2,132Top 10 in production volume 2,380Main producing states 2,294 Rank State 2,733 Volume Variation (%) The spiciness of a chili resides in the quantity of capsaicin that it contains, being Variations % 2,782 (tonnes) 2014-2015 the bell pepper one of the containers of a smaller amount of that substance, National total whereas the Habanero is one of the group that contains more. 1 Chihuahua 2,782,341 1.8 2 Sinaloa 816,235 12.9 2015 inYiedldicators Contribution to the national 3 Zacatecas 601,736 -0.5 production of vegetables 4 San Luis Potosi 245,763 -16.7 5 Sonora 221,914 31.1 19.8% 6 Michoacan 130,270 18.7 7 Jalisco 119,216 -23.0 8 Guanajuato 117,602 -3.6 9 Tamaulipas 102,273 38.9 10 Baja California Sur 64,054 -39.6 53,902 -8.9 Rest 309,376 -1.9 Surface Annual per capita consumption Sowed Lost Harvested Volume Value Yield Average rural Million MXN price 15.7 Kg.15.6 15.8 Annual Thousand hectares Thousand Tonnes / 2014-2015 154 5 149 tonnes 22,585 hectare MXN / tonne 2,782 AAGR 3.1 -11.4 3.6 26.2 18.7 8,117 2006-2015 -0.4 -2.6 -0.3 1.8 12.1 3.3 -1.8 23.9 3.6 8.5 Increase DecreaseNational monthly production (%) Mostly available Moderately available Least or not availableThis spice is harvested all year round, however, 48.2 percent is obtained from September to December. 6.5 8.2 6.2 4.0 4.8 3.8 9.0 9.3 10.6 12.6 12.8 12.2 January February March April May June July August September October November December62

World ranking Green chili1st 2ndworld worldproducer China producer Mexico15,800,000 tonnes 2,294,400 tonnes 2015 foreign tradeIn this spicy crop, the Chinese generate half Mexican horticulturalists produce 7.4% ofof the world volume, which reaches amounts the total world volume of chili.higher than 31 million tonnes annually. 2014-2015 variation (%)2015 foreign trade Imports Exports Trade balance Imports ExportsThere was a 42% increase in the purchase of this product from other countries; however, sales are still Votlounmnees 37,378 919,830 882,452 42.0 8.8significantly higher, so the trade balance is positive. Value 86 627 541 56.2 12.1Commercial origin-destination million USDMexico exports chili to 42 countries, the United States being the best buyer, since it acquires 99.7% of the volume. Increase Canada Buyer Main (Mexican 624,2U0S8,A472* Spain exports) Supplier (Mexican imports) Importer and Exporter* USDMalaysia, Poland, and Lithuania are listed as opportunity markets for the commercialization of the Mexican product.Foreign trade evolution (million USD) 627.4 Adequate geographical characteristics for production Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology 0 to 2,700 600 to 1,500 18 to 30 °C Light to medium textured soils; 516.6 560.0 MASL mm depth of 35 -50 cm, pH 4.3 - 8.3 210.2 270.3 Cultivating green chili in regions that 226.0 present the ideal characteristics for its development guarantees an adequate 133.3 86.2 yield, such is the case of Chihuahua.35.7 40.4 82.2 46.5 55.2 631.2 1.4 2.1 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.6 2014 2015 Exports Imports2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 ImportacionesMonthly distribution of foreign trade(%E)xportaciones Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecImports 5.3 6.5 10.5 8.4 10.3 12.5 10.8 5.8 6.0 6.3 7.6 10.0Exports 11.9 10.9 11.8 8.3 6.4 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 7.5 8.9 13.3 Green chili production potential

Green chili: a great avor for everythingThe name comes from the Nahuatl (chili) and it is Hotness levelessential in the diet of Mexicans. There are between2,000 and 3,000 types classi ed in wild (26) and In Mexican chilies the level of hotness is measured from zero – bell pepper, to the rangecultivated (5) varieties of the genus Capsicum annuum, of 150,000 to 325,000 – Habanero.species domesticated since ancient Mesoamerica andwhich today is the most produced in Mexico. Type of chili Scoville Units1Technology of the sown area, 2015 Habanero 150,000 325,000 Manzano pepper 30,000 60,000 88.5% Mechanized Bird’s beak chili 15,000 30,000 11.5% Non-mechanized Serrano pepper 10,000 20,000 93.1% Fertilized Jalapeño 2,500 10,000 6.9% Non-fertilized Chilaca chili pepper 2,500 5,000 91.5% With improved seed Güero chili 1,000 2,000 8.5% With native“criollo”seed Poblano 1,000 1,500 66.0% With technical assistance Anaheim or California chili 500 1,000 34.0% Without technical assistance Bell pepper 0 100 63.2% With plant health 36.8% Without plant health 1The level of chili hotness is measured with the Scoville scale, which ranges indicate the amount of capsaicin (the active component of chili peppers).Percentage of production value Types of chili by state of green chili, by type Sonora Chihuahua Poblano Chilaca chili Sinaloa pepper Jalapeno Zacatecas Tamaulipas Anaheim or California chili Serrano pepper Bell pepperJalapeno 12.6 16.7 San Luis PotosíBell pepper 9.3 GuanajuatoPoblano 12.5Serrano pepper 33.7 MichoacánChilaca chili pepper 10.9Anaheim or California chili 4.3 PueblaOther Veracruz ChiapasSource: SIAP, Inifap and UNAM. 64

Vegetables and pulses Did you know…?and their nutritional relevance The General Assembly of the United NationsVegetables constitute an unparalleled source of food. The physical properties of most of these vegetables proclaimed 2016 as the International Year of Pulses.allow their intake while fresh, providing carotene, vitamin C, calcium, iron and other minerals. Their highfiber content regulates intestinal transit and detoxification. Mexico has a significant and varied production Food and Agriculture INTERNATIONALof vegetables that make possible the internal distribution and the demand from other countries and their Organization of YEAR OF PULSESnutritional relevance. the United Nations Main Root Flower Mexico Pulses are a set of plants that produce pods, which contain edible vegetables vegetables vegetables-sprouts seeds that, in a dry state, are called legumes. They can be stored for long periods and their nutritional intake is based on carbohydrates, by type Carrot Cauliflower proteins and vitamin B. Turnip BroccoliLeaf vegetables Beet Artichoke Celery Radish Parsley Chard Fruit vegetables stemBuvlebgaentadbles 9 13th 2015 Top 5 Spinach Tomato Onion th in pulses Cabbage Cucumber Garlic pulses producer volume Lettuce Squash Potato vegetable Onion leaves Green bean producer Bean Chickpea Bean 969,146 t 137,809 t Vetch Rukutu Chilies Paprika Eggplant 2015 Top 5 Lentil Bean grain Peain vegetables 4,298 t 34,994 t 3,043 t volume Beans and chickpeas are leaders in the national production of pulses or legumes. They contribute Volume of Mexican harvest with 96.3% to the total volume of this group. Tomato Green chili Onion (millions of tonnes) 13.33,098,329 t 2,782,341 t 1,518,972 t 14.1 Vegetables 11.2 12.4 12.1 10.7 Corn Cucumber 1.4 1.5 1.5 853,298 t 817,800 t 1.1 PulsesThey contribute with 64.5% of the 1.3 0.7total harvested volume of vegetables. 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 t: tonnes. Sources: SIAP and FAO. 65

Cauliflower In 2015, the production of cauliflower reached more than Percentage of the production value by state 68,000 tonnes, 18.5% more than the previous year. Puebla, Guanajuato, and Hidalgo contribute about three-fifths of Puebla stands out nationally for the volume harvested. generating the highest volume and value in cauliflower production. 2006-2015 National production volume (thousands of tonnes) APvreomraegdieo 67 572006 2007 2008 20009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Guanajuato Hidalgo 55 18.8 15.8 67 Puebla 82Top 10 in production volume 19.0 79Main producing states 71 Contribution to the national 63Rank State Volume Variation (%) A cauliflower weighs 2 kilograms on average, which means production of vegetables 65 (tonnes) 2014-2015 that the production of this Mexican vegetable is equivalent 58National total to 34.4 million pieces. 0.5% Variations % 691 Puebla68,832 18.5 2 Guanajuato 15,569 91.2 2015 inYiedldicators 3 Hidalgo 13,672 9.1 4 Michoacan 11,294 -6.3 Surface 5 Aguascalientes 10,156 8.7 6 San Luis Potosi 5,339 13.2 7 Queretaro 3,393 61.7 8 Zacatecas 3,063 -9.5 9 Baja California 2,891 243.4 10 Jalisco 1,286 -37.3 1,186 -19.1 Rest -32.9 983 Annual per capita consumption Sowed Lost Harvested Volume Value Yield Average rural Million MXN price 0.4 Kg.0.3 0.5 Annual Thousand hectares Thousand Tonnes / 2014-2015 3 0.1 3 tonnes 267 hectare MXN / tonne AAGR 11.5 5.6 11.6 69 6.9 20.1 3,881 2006-2015 1.2 -6.5 1.3 5.6 18.5 6.2 -9.8 2.2 0.9 3.4 Increase DecreaseNational monthly production (%) Mostly available Moderately available Least or not availableThe highest production of this vegetable is recorded in October. 4.4 6.4 7.2 9.6 11.3 5.4 7.1 8.1 9.4 16.3 10.2 4.6 January February March April May June July August September October November December66

World ranking Cauliflower1st 4thworld worldproducer China producer Mexico9,100,000 tonnes 65,261 tonnes 2015 foreign tradeThe area devoted to cauliflower cultivation The country could climb a position among 2014-2015 variation (%)extends into 96 countries; China and India the biggest producers of this vegetable ifhave a similar surface, although the former it is able to obtain a greater yield.harvests 40.8% of the world volume.2015 foreign trade Votlounmnees Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports ValueThe trade balance on this vegetable is positive, reaching a surplus of 25.3 million USD. 1,348 26,362 25,014 -18.7 11.2 million USDCommercial origin-destination 1 26.3 25.3 -3.4 12.6Of the eight countries to which cauliflower is exported, nine out of every 10 tonnes are shipped to the Increase DecreaseUnited States. Canada Buyer Main (Mexican 24,496,447* Japan exports) USA Supplier (Mexican imports) Importer and Exporter* USD Central American countries provide a window of opportunity for this crop. Adequate geographical characteristics for productionForeign trade evolution (million USD) 26.3 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology 900 to 2,500 400 to 550 15 to 21 °C Drained loamy or silty-loamy soils; 25.5 26.2 MASL mm with a pH of 6.0 - 6.8 21.2 23.7 17.9 23.4 20.812.5 Because of the characteristics of the cauliflower crop, few regions 7.2 have the best conditions in which 2.7 3.2 3.2 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.2 it can be produced. 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1.1 1.0 Exports ImportsMonthly distribution of foreign trade(%) Exportaciones 2014 2015 Importaciones Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecImports 3.8 9.3 2.4 2.1 1.3 8.0 20.3 13.8 13.2 21.9 1.9 2.0Exports 10.1 9.9 13.0 8.6 8.5 7.1 5.0 4.6 5.0 5.8 8.4 14.0 Cauliflower production potential 67

Copra Derived from an increase in productivity, the harvest of this Percentage of the production value by state fruit has been on the rise during the last three years, although it has been marginal, this rise has been sustained. With 22 producing municipalities, Guerrero stands out in copra harvest; 2006-2015 National production volume four fifths of the national volume (thousands of tonnes) correspond to this state. APvroemraedgieo 209 2042006 2007 2008 20009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 204 228Top in production volume Colima Tabasco 211Main producing states 5.5 4.5 209 Guerrero 216Rank State Volume Variation (%) 84.0 Contribution to the national 207 (tonnes) 2014-2015 production of agroindustrials 203National total Copra has several uses: from edible oils, to personal 2031 Guerrero 208,430 2.8 hygiene and cosmetics, and other industrial usages. Variations % 2082 Colima166,679 3.2 3 Tabasco 18,206 -4.5 2015 inYideldicators 4 Oaxaca 10,447 26.8 5 Michoacan -1.8 6 Jalisco 7,622 -20.6 7 Veracruz 2,531 -2.4 8 Chiapas 1,211 -5.5 4.6 915 818 Surface Sowed Lost Harvested Volume Value Yield Average rural 0.3% price Thousand hectares Thousand Million MXN Tonnes / tonnes hectare MXN / tonne Annual 127 NA 124 208 1,544 2014-2015 1.7 7,409 -0.02 NA -0.3 2.8 6.1 AAGR -0.9 NA -1.0 3.1 3.2 2006-2015 5.5 0.2 5.7 1.2 Does not apply Increase DecreaseNational monthly production (%) Mostly available Moderately availableThere is copra production all year round, but it is in the spring when most of the amount is obtained. 8.6 10.0 5.5 17.8 10.6 9.4 6.7 6.3 8.0 5.1 6.1 5.9 January February March April May June July August September October November December68









































Gerbera 2015 foreign trade 2014-2015 variation (%)2015 foreign trade Imports Exports Trade balance Imports ExportsThe volume exported of the Mexican flower in 2015 generated foreign exchange for 876,000 USD. Votlounmnees 19 362 343 NA -30.2Commercial origin-destination Value 651,645 876,308 224,663 NA -15.0 USDThe United States is the only country that buys gerbera from Mexico; in 2015, 19 tonnes ofgerbera were acquired from abroad, mainly from the Netherlands. Decrease Does not apply 876,308* USA Buyer Main (Mexican * USD exports) The consolidation of higher volumes by Mexican flower growers could strengthen exports to the North American market. Supplier (MexicanForeign trade evolution (thousand USD) imports) Importer and 1,669.8 Exporter 1,469.0 Adequate geographical characteristics for production Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology 1,400 to 1,600 400 to 500 15 to 18 °C Loose, light soils; with a loamy, sandy-loamy MASL mm or clay- loamy texture, with a pH of 5.0 to 6.0 915.5 1,030.6 876.3 778.1 835.0 836.4 797.8 651.6 The geographical conditions656.7 for the production of this plant have little influence because it is cultivated in greenhouses. 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.0 0.1 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Exports Imports 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Monthly distribution of foreign trade(%) Exportaciones Importaciones Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecImports 0.1 0.0 16.6 15.4 6.5 28.2 13.5 6.5 0.9 0.6 3.3 8.4Exports 5.6 10.8 6.7 7.6 15.1 11.2 6.7 5.7 5.1 8.2 6.1 11.2 Gerbera production potential 89

Guava From 2014 to 2015, guava production fell by 2.7% Percentage of the production value by state as a result of a reduction in the yields of the main producing states. Michoacan is the leading producer, as it generates more than 136,000 tonnes, mainly 2006-2015 National production volume in the irrigation modality; it also stands out (thousands of tonnes) for being the state with the greatest yields. APvroemraegdieo 294 Aguascalientes 24.1 311 Zacatecas 268 25.7 285 2892006 2007 2008 20009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 305 291Top 10 in production volume Michoacan 295Main producing states 42.3 298 303Rank State Volume Variation (%) If the entire Mexican guava production volume of 2015 was processed to produce Variations % 294(tonnes) 2014-2015 marmalade, it would produce approximately 441 thousand tonnes. National total 1 Michoacan 294,423 -2.7 2015 inYideldicators Contribution to the national 2 Aguascalientes 136,728 -0.3 production of fruits 3 Zacatecas 90,155 -8.2 4 Mexico 48,463 -2.8 1.5% 5 Jalisco 9.6 6 Guerrero 9,882 20.4 7 Guanajuato 3,369 15.9 8 Durango 2,439 -6.1 9 Hidalgo 11.6 10 Nayarit 714 -14.4 530 -10.6 Rest 366 -9.0 355 1,422 Surface Annual per capita consumption Sowed Lost Harvested Volume Value Yield Average rural price 2.23 .4 Kg.2.5 Annual Thousand hectares Thousand Million MXN Tonnes / 2014-2015 22 NA 21 tonnes hectare MXN / tonne 294 1,331 AAGR 2.9 NA 0.6 14.3 4,519 2006-2015 -1.2 NA -1.3 -2.7 3.0 -3.4 5.9 3.1 -0.6 2.5 0.7 Does not apply Increase DecreaseNational monthly production (%) Mostly available Moderately available Least or not availableThe largest volume of this fruit is generated from September to December. 2.6 7.2 5.3 6.9 7.0 8.0 5.2 7.2 9.5 13.0 15.1 13.0 January February March April May June July August September October November December90

World ranking Guava1st India 5th Mexicoworld worldproducer producer18,002,000 tonnes 298,062 tonnes 2015 foreign tradeOf the total available yield of the Among the guava fruit growing countries,fruit, India contributes 41 percent. Mexico generates 4.3% of the total. 2014-2015 variation (%)2015 foreign trade Votlounmnees Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports Value3% of domestic production is marketed abroad; its economic trade in 2015 amounted 3 9,749 9,746 NA 21.1to 15 million USD. million USD 0.01 14.69 14.68 NA 13.0Commercial origin-destination Increase Does notThe main destinations of Mexican guava are the United States and Canada, which buy apply99.2% of the exported volume. Buyer Main (Mexican Canada exports) Supplier 13,496,737* (Mexican USA imports) Guatemala Importer and Exporter * USD Adequate geographical characteristics for production European countries such as the United Kingdom and Spain are ideal destinations for the sale of this Mexican fruit. Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology 0 to 1,400 600 to 1,000 16 to 34 °C Loamy, silty, and sandy-loamy soils are preferred;Foreign trade evolution (USD) MASL mm deeper than 60 cm, pH of 4.5 - 8.2 14,694,508 12,999,708 9,866,063 11,109,955 11,813,555 8,325,802 The cultivation is developed in areas that present the ideal conditions, 8,568,738 therefore, it is in these same lands where most of the production is held.245,343 486,649 1,120,778 0.0 0.0 2,169.9 0.0 0.0 13,776 Exports 0.0 0.0 1.0 286.6 Imports 2014 20152006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 ImportacionesMonthly distribution of foreign trade(%) Exportaciones Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecImports 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Exports 7.4 5.6 8.6 7.3 6.0 7.8 5.1 6.0 5.6 7.4 16.4 16.8 Guava production potential 91

Tomato Of the national total area planted with tomato, Baja California Percentage of the production value by state 25.6% is concentrated in Sinaloa, state that obtains 15.0 yields of 66 tonnes per hectare. Sinaloa tops the list of tomato producers with 27% of the national production; 2006-2015 National production volume in 2015 it generated an economic (thousands of tonnes) contribution of 3.535 billion MXN for the sale of the vegetable. APvroemraegdieo 2,448 2,093 Sinaloa 2,425 17.1 2,263 2,0442006 2007 2008 20009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2,278 1,872Top 10 in production volume Jalisco 2,838Main producing states 8.6 2,694 2,875Rank State Volume Variation (%) The word \"jitomate\" comes from the Nahuatl: xictomatl = literally \"tomato Variations % 3,098 (tonnes) 2014-2015 of navel\", which in turn comes from: xictli \"navel\" and tomatl \"tomato\". National total 1 Sinaloa 3,098,329 7.8 2015 inYideldicators Contribution to the national 2 Michoacan 849,342 -2.1 production of vegetables 3 San Luis Potosi 223,678 31.8 4 Baja California 221,561 13.0 22.0% 5 Jalisco 220,848 62.7 6 Zacatecas 161,805 2.0 7 Sonora 145,234 -4.3 8 Baja California Sur 136,045 12.1 9 Puebla 123,032 -12.9 10 Coahuila 113,720 51.2 93,591 -2.6 Rest 809,474 6.3 Surface Annual per capita consumption Sowed Lost Harvested Volume Value Yield Average rural Million MXN price 13.8 Kg.13.7 13.9 Annual Thousand hectares Thousand Tonnes / 2014-2015 51 1 50 tonnes 20,640 hectare MXN / tonne 3,098 AAGR -3.4 -36.8 -2.5 31.2 62.3 6,662 2006-2015 -3.0 -11.0 -2.8 7.8 5.9 4.5 10.5 21.7 7.4 1.4 Increase DecreaseNational monthly production (%) Mostly available Moderately availableThe most significant harvests are obtained in February, March and November. 5.6 11.5 10.6 5.7 7.0 8.7 5.7 7.3 8.7 9.7 11.6 7.9 January February March April May June July August September October November December92

World ranking Tomato1st China 10th Mexicoworld worldproducer producer50,552,200 tonnes 2,694,358 tonnes 2015 foreign tradeAmong the countries that produce this The volume of tomatoes obtained in the nationalvegetable, the Chinese harvest stands out, fields contributes 2% of the world supply.accounting for one in three tonnes in the world. 2014-2015 variation (%)2015 foreign trade Votlounmnees Imports Exports Trade balance Imports Exports ValueThe rise of Mexican tomato exports continues, reflecting in 2015 a volume 9,264 1,432,864 1,423,600 -39.7 1.51.5% higher than that of the previous year. million USD 25.2 1,370.3 1,345.1 -22.5 6.0Commercial origin-destination99% of Mexican exports go to the United States. Increase Decrease Canada Main Japan Buyer 1,358,003,393* USA (Mexican exports) Supplier (Mexican imports) Importer and Exporter* USDRussia, the United Kingdom, Pakistan, the Netherlands and Saudi Arabia are among the nations that buy more tomato from other countries.Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Adequate geographical characteristics for production 1,370.3 1,292.4 Altitude Rain Temperature Edaphology 0 to 1,800 600 to 1,300 15 to 30 °C The optimum soils are light silts in deep grounds 975.6 1,015.1 1,158.5 MASL mm with a pH of 5.0 - 7.0 1,000.5 675.3 Tomato grows in the regions 730.9 with the ideal environments, therefore, it is there that most534.0 596.7 of the production is presented. 21.5 34.2 46.3 67.3 71.0 47.2 31.8 25.1 32.6 25.2 Exports Imports 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Monthly distribution of foreign trade(%) Exportaciones Importaciones Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecImports 2.9 3.6 5.3 4.6 7.4 13.3 28.0 14.3 10.1 4.9 4.2 1.4Exports 10.2 10.4 11.9 10.3 8.0 8.2 5.9 5.6 6.2 7.3 7.4 8.6 Tomato production potential 93

Protected agriculture: a tailored suit It is so called because it develops its crops controlling environmental factors such as light, temperature, wind, hail and pests. Main crops of protected Geographic distribution agriculture (%) % Of the sown area Others Others Eggplant Chili Sinaloa 35.5 10.3 4.4 15.4 Baja California 10.7 Sonora 9.8 Red tomato Cucumber Jalisco 5.5 54.0 15.9 Estado de México 5.3 Guanajuato 4.6 Others 28.6This is done using various materials and technologies establishing, in general, four types of structures: 1 Greenhouse 2 Net house Relevant data Tall structures covered withHigh, xed structures, with materials mesh or woven cloth of 25 thousand ha sowed with protected agriculture. and climatic conditioning and plastic truss, that serve Contributes with 5.1% of the value of the agricultural production advanced technology. as protective cover. and employs 0.1% of the national sowed surface. 6 States concentrate 71.5% of the sowed surface. 3 Macrotunnel Sinaloa contributes with 35.3% of this surface. High, semi-circular pro le The yields per ha for red tomato and cucumber outnumber 2.9 structures, covered by mesh and 2.4 times, respectively, those of regular agriculture. shade or polyethylene. Revenue per surface unit of the above mentioned crops is also 4.2 and 3.1 times higher, respectively, as compared to those of ordinary agriculture. Convenience of protected agriculture Advantages Disadvantages 4 Microtunnel Intensive and continuous Specialized sta Process Control High costs Low structures, similar to those of the Higher quality Strict control macrotunnel. Because of their size it is High performance Value chain not possible to work inside them. Sources: SIAP, Infoagro.94

Technology applied to food production9 out of 10 facilities feature elements of basic technology. Characteristic / level BasicM edium Advanced Structure of the facilities Roof or walls of diverse Ceiling or walls Ceiling or walls made of materials of plastics specialty plastics, damp walls, anti-aphids mesh Climatic conditions Manual control Automatic control Computerized inside the facility Specialized mixtures automatic control Substrate (culture medium) Natural soil Specialized dosed blends 1 out of 10 facilities has Water usage Manual irrigation system Irrigation infrastructure Computerized irrigation elements of medium or Crop management infrastructure advanced technology. Irregular crop Specialized crop management In 6 out of 10 management Specialized management and computerized nutrientfacilities the following items are produce:d dosing Red tomato (jitomate in Spanish) Facilities Cucumber Green chili Seeds or vegetative material Pest and diseases management Radish 2 out of 10 use imported seeds or 6 out of 10 use chemicals. Lettuce vegetative material. 1 out of 10, biological. Rose 8 out of 10 use national seeds 1 out of 10, organic. Aster or vegetative material. and diseases management. Chrysanthemum Fertilization in facilities 5 out of 10 use chemical fertilizers. Source of water supply 3 out of 10, organic. 5 out of 10 use well water. 2 out of 10 do not use them. 3 out of 10, are supplied with water bodies (river, lagoon, dams). 2 out of 10 use rain water, wastewater, or treated water. 7 out of 10 4 out of 7 facilities feature a 1 out of 7 facilities feature a 2 out of 7 facilities feature a have hydraulic drip irrigation system. sprinkler system. diverse irrigation system infrastructure 95

Lettuce The area planted and yields of this vegetable continue to grow, Baja California Percentage of the production value by state which in 2015 led to a production increase of 7.6 percent. 14.6 Guanajuato positions itself as the undisputed 2006-2015 National production volume leader with 26% of the national volume and a (thousands of tonnes) harvest value of 313 million MXN in 2015. APvreormaegdeio 344 274 Zacatecas 286 13.6 290 3182006 2007 2008 20009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Guanajuato 341 23.0 370Top 10 in production volume 335Main producing states 381 407Rank State Volume Variation (%) An alternative to the traditional lettuce crop is the Variations % 438(tonnes) 2014-2015 \"soilless\" cultivation, called hydroponic cultivation. National total 1 Guanajuato 437,562 7.6 2015 inYideldicators Contribution to the national 2 Zacatecas 112,922 6.2 production of vegetables 3 Puebla 76,285 -5.4 4 Aguascalientes 65,436 16.3 3.1% 5 Queretaro 52,325 -4.1 6 Baja California 27,554 33.1 7 Michoacan 24,388 51.2 8 Mexico 15,549 9.0 9 Tlaxcala 14,408 -4.9 10 San Luis Potosi 11,607 55.9 10,785 10.7 Rest 26,302 3.0 Surface Annual per capita consumption Sowed Lost Harvested Volume Value Yield Average rural Million MXN price 2.7 Kg.2.6 2.8 Annual Thousand hectares Thousand Tonnes / 2014-2015 21 0 20 tonnes 1,361 hectare MXN / tonne 438 AAGR 6.4 -16.1 6.9 11.0 21.6 3,111 2006-2015 5.1 5.0 5.1 7.6 11.8 5.3 0.6 3.2 0.2 6.2 Increase DecreaseNational monthly production (%) Mostly available Moderately available Least or not availableThe largest production of lettuce happens during July and August. 3.5 6.1 11.8 11.5 6.8 4.6 14.0 16.6 8.0 8.5 5.7 2.9 January February March April May June July August September October November December96

World ranking Lettuce1st China 9th Mexicoworld worldproducer producer13,500,000 tonnes 381,127 tonnes 2015 foreign tradeThe annual world harvest of lettuce Of the more than one hundred countries that 2014-2015 variation (%)reaches 24.9 million tonnes, more than half grow lettuce, Mexico is among the top tenis obtained from the Chinese orchards. producers with 1.5% of the total volume.2015 foreign trade Imports Exports Trade balance Imports ExportsIn 2015 there was a positive balance in the commercial flow of this vegetable; the volume Votlounmnees 24,628 136,806 112,178 -20.9 0.5exported generated foreign exchange for 130.2 million USD. Value 12.9 130.2 117.3 -31.1 -6.9Commercial origin-destination million USDThe United States is the main buyer of Mexican lettuce: it acquires 136 thousand tonnes annually. Increase Decrease Canada Buyer Main (Mexican 128,865,020* exports) USA Supplier (Mexican Nicaragua imports) Importer and * USD Exporter Germany, the United Kingdom and France represent opportunity markets for the commercialization Adequate geographical characteristics for production of this vegetable harvested in Mexico. Altitude Rain Temperature EdaphologyForeign trade evolution (million USD) 800 to 2,500 1,000 to 1,400 12 to 21 °C Light soils of loamy texture, loamy-claysilty, 133.6 MASL mm or clay-loamy with a pH of 6.0 - 6.8 139.9 130.2 78.7 88.7 73.2 91.7 Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Nayarit present optimum conditions that can be used to grow lettuce. 39.124.5 30.0 18.7 12.9 29.3 9.1 9.7 15.6 16.7 2014 20155.1 15.2 9.0 Importaciones Exports2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 ImportsMonthly distribution of foreign trade(%) Exportaciones Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecImports 3.1 6.6 10.8 8.3 6.4 8.1 23.1 11.7 8.9 8.5 1.9 2.6Exports 11.8 10.2 7.8 8.5 7.5 6.4 3.1 3.5 4.8 8.3 12.9 15.2 Lettuce production potential 97

Lime Lime is cultivated in 28 states, being Michoacan and Veracruz the Percentage of the production value by state ones that possess the greatest productive surface of this citric. Michoacan concentrates about 29% of 2006-2015 National production volume the production of lime.The municipalities (thousands of tonnes) of Buenavista and Apatzingan generate more than two thirds of the volume APrvoemreadgioe harvested of this citrus in the state. 2,068 1,8522006 2007 2008 20009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Veracruz 1,923 30.8 2,229 1,966Top 10 in production volume 1,891Main producing states 2,133 2,055Rank State Volume Variation (%) Michoacan Oaxaca 2,121 (tonnes) 2014-2015 27.6 11.8 2,187National total Variations % 2,3261 Michoacan2,326,0686.3 For Mexican limes to be exported, their juice 2 Veracruz 670,613 5.3 content must be at least 45 percent. 3 Oaxaca 659,034 5.8 4 Colima 245,137 16.6 2015 inYideldicators Contribution to the national 5 Tamaulipas 191,890 9.9 production of fruits 6 Tabasco 121,200 48.7 7 Jalisco 83,141 0.7 11.6% 8 Yucatan 81,198 12.4 9 Guerrero 74,463 -17.6 10 Puebla 71,867 0.4 28,211 8.4 Rest 99,314 -16.1 Surface Annual per capita consumption Sowed Lost Harvested Volume Value Yield Average rural price 1144.1 Kg.14.2 Annual Thousand hectares Thousand Million MXN Tonnes / 2014-2015 176 NA 160 tonnes hectare MXN / tonne 2,326 8,950 AAGR 2.6 NA 3.4 14.5 3,848 2006-2015 2.1 NA 1.6 6.3 -0.4 2.8 -6.4 8.9 2.6 11.7 0.9 Does not apply Increase DecreaseNational monthly production (%) Mostly available Moderately available Least or not availableBetween June and August a third of the production of this fruit is harvested. 3.6 3.8 4.5 6.6 9.6 10.2 11.7 12.1 8.6 10.8 9.7 8.8 January February March April May June July August September October November December98