["it\tis\tdone\twith\tfuss\tand\tobviousness,\tits\treceiver\tfeels\tburdened\tby\tan\tobligation. This\t may\t give\t the\t doer\t a\t certain\t power,\t but\t it\t is\t a\t power\t that\t will\t eventually self-destruct,\tfor\tit\twill\tstir\tup\tresentment\tand\tresistance.\tA\tfavor\tdone\tindirecdy and\t elegantly\t has\t ten\t times\t more\t power.\t Daizen\t knew\t a\t direct\t approach\t would only\t have\t offended\t Soemon.\t By\t letting\t his\t friend\t give\t him\t the\t painting, however,\the\tmade\tSoemon\tfeel\tthat\the\ttoo\thad\tpleased\this\tfriend\twith\ta\tgift.\tIn the\t end,\t all\t three\t parties\t emerged\t from\t the\t encounter\t feeling\t fulfilled\t in\t their own\tway. In\tessence,\tDaizen\tmade\thimself\tthe\tcat's-paw,\tthe\ttool\tto\ttake\tthe\tchestnuts out\tof\tthe\tfire.\tHe\tmust\thave\tfelt\tsome\tpain\tin\tlosing\tthe\tvase,\tbut\the\tgained\tnot only\t the\t painting\t but,\t more\t important,\t the\t power\t of\t the\t courtier.\t The\t courtier uses\t his\t gloved\t hand\t to\t soften\t any\t blows\t against\t him,\t disguise\t his\t scars,\t and make\t the\t act\t of\t rescue\t more\t elegant\t and\t clean.\t By\t helping\t others,\t the\t courtier eventually\t helps\t himself.\t Daizen's\t example\t provides\t the\t paradigm\t for\t every favor\t done\t between\t friends\t and\t peers:\t never\t impose\t your\t favors.\t Search\t out ways\t to\t make\t yourself\t the\t cat's-paw,\t indirectly\t extricating\t your\t friends\t from distress\twithout\timposing\tyourself\tor\tmaking\tthem\tfeel\tobligated\tto\tyou. One\t should\t not\t be\t too\t straightforward.\t Go\t and\t see\t the\t forest.\t The\t straight trees\tare\tcut\tdown,\tthe\tcrooked\tones\tare\tleft\tstanding. Kautilya,\tIndian\tphilosopher,\tthird\tcentury\tB.C. KEYS\tTO\tPOWER As\ta\tleader\tyou\tmay\timagine\tthat\tconstant\tdiligence,\tand\tthe\tappearance\tof working\tharder\tthan\tanyone\telse,\tsignify\tpower.\tActually,\tthough,\tthey\thave\tthe opposite\t effect:\t They\t imply\t weakness.\t Why\t are\t you\t working\t so\t hard\t Perhaps you\tare\tincompetent,\tand\thave\tto\tput\tin\textra\teffort\tjust\tto\tkeep\tup;\tperhaps\tyou are\tone\tof\tthose\tpeople\twho\tdoes\tnot\tknow\thow\tto\tdelegate,\tand\thas\tto\tmeddle in\teverything.\tThe\ttruly\tpowerful,\ton\tthe\tother\thand,\tseem\tnever\tto\tbe\tin\ta\thurry or\t overburdened.\t While\t others\t work\t their\t fingers\t to\t the\t bone,\t they\t take\t their leisure.\t They\t know\t how\t to\t find\t the\t right\t people\t to\t put\t in\t the\t effort\t while\t they save\ttheir\tenergy\tand\tkeep\ttheir\thands\tout\tof\tthe\tfire.\tSimilarly,\tyou\tmay\tbelieve that\t by\t taking\t on\t the\t dirty\t work\t yourself,\t involving\t yourself\t directly\t in unpleasant\t actions,\t you\t impose\t your\t power\t and\t instill\t fear.\t In\t fact\t you\t make yourself\t look\t ugly,\t and\t abusive\t of\t your\t high\t position.\t Truly\t powerful\t people keep\t their\t hands\t clean.\t Only\t good\t things\t surround\t them,\t and\t die\t only announcements\tthey\tmake\tare\tof\tglorious\tachievements. You\twill\toften\tfind\tit\tnecessary,\tof\tcourse,\tto\texpend\tenergy,\tor\tto\teffect\tan evil\t but\t necessary\t action.\t But\t you\t must\t never\t appear\t to\t be\t this\t action's\t agent. Find\t a\t cat's-paw.\t Develop\t the\t arts\t of\t finding,\t using,\t and,\t in\t time,\t getting\t rid\t of these\tpeople\twhen\ttheir\tcat's-paw\trole\thas\tbeen\tfulfilled.","On\t the\t eve\t of\t an\t important\t river\t battle,\t the\t great\t third-century\t Chinese strategist\tChuko\tLiang\tfound\thimself\tfalsely\taccused\tof\tsecretly\tworking\tfor\tdie other\t side.\t As\t proof\t of\t his\t loyalty,\t his\t commander\t ordered\t him\t to\t produce 100,000\t arrows\t for\t the\t army\t within\t three\t days,\t or\t be\t put\t to\t death.\t Instead\t of trying\t to\t manufacture\t the\t arrows,\t an\t impossible\t task,\t Liang\t took\t a\t dozen\t boats and\t had\t bundles\t of\t straw\t lashed\t to\t their\t sides.\t In\t the\t late\t afternoon,\t when\t mist always\tblanketed\tthe\triver,\the\tfloated\tthe\tboats\ttoward\tthe\tenemy\tcamp.\tFearing a\t trap\t from\t the\t wily\t Chuko\t Liang,\t the\t enemy\t did\t not\t attack\t the\t barely\t visible boats\twith\tboats\tof\ttheir\town, your\trelations\tcollapsed\tand\tfell\tat\tmy\tfeet\twhen\tI\tmentioned\tyour\tcaptivity. \u201c\t As\t soon\t as\t these\t words\t were\t spoken\t the\t merchant's\t bird\t collapsed\t and\t fell\t to the\tbottom\tof\tthe\tcage.\t\u201dThe\tnews\tof\this\tkinsman\t's\tdeath\thas\tkilled\thim,\ttoo,\u201c thought\t the\t merchant.\t Sorrowfully\t he\t picked\t up\t the\t bird\t and\t put\t it\t on\t the windowsill.\t At\t once\t the\t bird\t revived\t and\t flew\t to\t a\t nearby\t tree.\t \u201dNow\t you know,\u201c\tthe\tbird\tsaid,\t\u201dthat\twhat\tyou\tthought\twas\tdisaster\twas\tin\tfact\tgood\tnews for\tme.\tAnd\thow\tthe\tmessage,\tthe\tsuggestion\tof\thow\tto\tbehave\tin\torder\tto\tfree myself,\twas\ttransmitted\tto\tme\tthrough\tyou,\tmy\tcaptor.\t\\\"\tAnd\the\tflew\taway,\tfree at\tlast. tales\tof\tthe\tdervishes,\tIdries\tShah,\t1967 DAVID\tAND\tBAT1ISHKBA At\t the\t turn\t of\t the\t year,\t when\t kings\t take\t the\t field,\t David\t sent\t Joab\t out\t with his\tother\tofficers\tand\tall\tthe\tIsraelite\tforces,\tand\tthey\travaged\tAmnion\tand\tlaid siege\tto\tRabbah,\twhile\tDavid\tremained\tin\tJerusalem.\tOne\tevening\tDavid\tgot\tup from\t his\t couch\t and,\t as\t he\t walked\t about\t on\t the\t roof\t of\t the\t palace,\t he\t saw\t from there\t a\t woman\t bathing\t and\t she\t was\t very\t beautiful.\t He\t sent\t to\t inquire\t who\t she was,\tand\tthe\tanswer\tcame,\t\\\"It\tmust\tbe\tBathsheba,\tdaughter\tof\tEliam\tand\twife\tof Uriah\tthe\tHittite\t\\\" David\twrote\ta\tletter\tto Joab\tand\tsent\tUriah with\tit.\tHe\twrote\tin\tthe letter:\t\\\"Put\tUriah opposite\tthe\tenemy where\tthe\tfighting\tis fiercest\tand\tthen\tfall back,\tand\tleave\thim\tto meet\this\tdeath.\t\\\"... Joab\t...\tstationed Uriah\tat\ta\tpoint\twhere he\tknew\tthey\twould","put\tup\ta\tstout\tfight.\tThe men\tof\tthe\tcity\tsallied out\tand\tengaged\tJoab, and\tsome\tof\tDavid's guards\tfell;\tUriah\tthe Hittite\twas\talso\tkilled. Joab\tsent\tDavid\ta dispatch\twith\tall\tthe news\tof\tthe\tbattle.... When\tUriah's\twife heard\tthat\ther\thusband was\tdead,\tshe\tmourned for\thim;\tand\twhen\tthe period\tof\tmourning was\tover,\tDavid\tsent for\ther\tand\tbrought\ther into\this\thouse.\tShe became\this\twife\tand bore\thim\ta\tson. OLD\tTESTAMENT,\t2SAMUHL,\t11-12 but\t showered\t them\t with\t arrows\t from\t the\t bank.\t As\t Liang's\t boats\t inched closer,\t they\t redoubled\t the\t rain\t of\t arrows,\t which\t stuck\t in\t the\t thick\t straw.\t After several\t hours,\t the\t men\t hiding\t on\t board\t sailed\t the\t vessels\t quickly\t downstream, where\tChuko\tLiang\tmet\tdiem\tand\tcollected\this\t100,000\tarrows. Chuko\t Liang\t would\t never\t do\t work\t that\t others\t could\t do\t for\t himhe\t was always\tthinking\tup\ttricks\tlike\tthis\tone.\tThe\tkey\tto\tplanning\tsuch\ta\tstrategy\tis\tthe ability\t to\t think\t far\t ahead,\t to\t imagine\t ways\t in\t which\t other\t people\t can\t be\t baited into\tdoing\tthe\tjob\tfor\tyou. An\t essential\t element\t in\t making\t this\t strategy\t work\t is\t to\t disguise\t your\t goal, shrouding\t it\t in\t mystery,\t like\t the\t strange\t enemy\t boats\t appearing\t dimly\t in\t the mist.\tWhen\tyour\trivals\tcannot\tbe\tsure\twhat\tyou\tare\tafter,\tthey\twill\treact\tin\tways that\toften\twork\tagainst\tthem\tin\tthe\tlong\trun.\tIn\tfact\tthey\twill\tbecome\tyour\tcat's- paws.\tIf\tyou\tdisguise\tyour\tintentions,\tit\tis\tmuch\teasier\tto\tguide\tthem\tinto\tmoves mat\taccomplish\texacdy\twhat\tyou\twant\tdone,\tbut\tprefer\tnot\tto\tdo\tyourself.\tThis may\trequire\tplanning\tseveral\tmoves\tin\tadvance,\tlike\ta\tbilliard\tball\tthat\tbounces off\tthe\tsides\ta\tfew\ttimes\tbefore\theading\tinto\tthe\tright\tpocket. The\tearly-twentieth-century\tAmerican\tcon\tartist\tYellow\tKid\tWeil\tknew\tthat no\t matter\t how\t skillfully\t he\t homed\t in\t on\t the\t perfect\t wealthy\t sucker,\t if\t he,\t a stranger,\t approached\t mis\t man\t directly,\t the\t sucker\t might\t become\t suspicious.\t So","Weil\t would\t find\t someone\t the\t sucker\t already\t knew\t to\t serve\t as\t a\t cat's- pawsomeone\t lower\t on\t the\t totem\t pole\t who\t was\t himself\t an\t unlikely\t target,\t and would\t therefore\t be\t less\t suspicious.\t Weil\t would\t interest\t mis\t man\t in\t a\t scheme promising\t incredible\t weahh.\t Convinced\t the\t scheme\t was\t for\t real,\t the\t cat's-paw would\t often\t suggest,\t without\t prompting,\t that\t his\t boss\t or\t wealthy\t friend\t should get\tinvolved:\tHaving\tmore\tcash\tto\tinvest,\tthis\tman\twould\tincrease\tthe\tsize\tof\tthe pot,\t making\t bigger\t bucks\t for\t all\t concerned.\t The\t cat's-paw\t would\t then\t involve the\t wealthy\t sucker\t who\t had\t been\t Weil's\t target\t all\t along,\t but\t who\t would\t not suspect\ta\ttrap,\tsince\tit\twas\this\ttrusty\tsubordinate\twho\thad\troped\thim\tin.\tDevices like\tmis\tare\toften\tthe\tbest\tway\tto\tapproach\ta\tperson\tof\tpower:\tUse\tan\tassociate or\t subordinate\t to\t hook\t you\t up\t with\t your\t primary\t target.\t The\t cat's-paw establishes\t your\t credibility\t and\t shields\t you\t from\t the\t unsavory\t appearance\t of being\ttoo\tpushy\tin\tyour\tcourtship. The\t easiest\t and\t most\t effective\t way\t to\t use\t a\t cat's-paw\t is\t often\t to\t plant information\t with\t him\t that\t he\t will\t then\t spread\t to\t your\t primary\t target.\t False\t or planted\t information\t is\t a\t powerful\t tool,\t especially\t if\t spread\t by\t a\t dupe\t whom\t no one\tsuspects.\tYou\twill\tfind\tit\tvery\teasy\tto\tplay\tinnocent\tand\tdisguise\tyourself\tas the\tsource. The\tstrategic\ttherapist\tDr.\tMilton\tH.\tErickson\twould\toften\tencounter\tamong his\t patients\t a\t married\t couple\t in\t which\t the\t wife\t wanted\t the\t therapy\t but\t the husband\tabsolutely\trefused\tit.\tRather\tthan\twasting\tenergy\ttrying\tto\tdeal\twith\tthe man\tdirecdy,\tDr.\tErickson\twould\tsee\tthe\twife\talone,\tand\tas\tshe\ttalked\the\twould interject\t interpretations\t of\t the\t husband's\t behavior\t that\t he\t knew\t would\t rile\t the husband\tup\tif\the\theard\tthem.\tSure\tenough,\tdie\twife\twould\ttell\ther\thusband\twhat the\tdoctor\thad\tsaid.\tAfter\ta\tfew\tweeks\tdie husband\t would\t be\t so\t furious\t he\t would\t insist\t on\t joining\t his\t wife\t in\t the sessions\tso\the\tcould\tset\tthe\tdoctor\tstraight. Finally,\t you\t may\t well\t find\t cases\t in\t which\t deliberately\t offering\t yourself\t as the\tcat's-paw\twill\tultimately\tgain\tyou\tgreat\tpower.\tThis\tis\tthe\truse\tof\tthe\tperfect courtier.\tIts\tsymbol\tis\tSir\tWalter\tRaleigh,\twho\tonce\tplaced\this\town\tcloak\ton\tthe muddy\t ground\t so\t that\t Queen\t Elizabeth\t would\t not\t sully\t her\t shoes.\t As\t the instrument\t that\t protects\t a\t master\t or\t peer\t from\t unpleasantness\t or\t danger,\t you gain\timmense\trespect,\twhich\tsooner\tor\tlater\twill\tpay\tdividends.\tAnd\tremember: If\t you\t can\t make\t your\t assistance\t subde\t and\t gracious\t rather\t than\t boastful\t and burdensome,\t your\t recompense\t will\t be\t that\t much\t die\t more\t satisfying\t and powerful. Image:\tThe\tCat's-Paw. It\thas\tlong\tclaws\tto\tgrab things.\tIt\tis\tsoft\tand","padded.\tTake\thold\tof\tthe\tcat and\tuse\tits\tpaw\tto\tpluck things\tout\tof\tthe\tfire,\tto\tclaw your\tenemy,\tto\tplay\twith\tthe mouse\tbefore\tdevouring\tit. Sometimes\tyou\thurt\tthe cat,\tbut\tmost\toften\tit doesn't\tfeel\ta\tthing. Authority:\t Do\t everything\t pleasant\t yourself,\t everything\t unpleasant\t through third\t parties.\t By\t adopting\t the\t first\t course\t you\t win\t favor,\t by\t taking\t the\t second you\tdeflect\till\twill.\tImportant\taffairs\toften\trequire\trewards\tand\tpunishments.\tLet only\tthe\tgood\tcome\tfrom\tyou\tand\tthe\tevil\tfrom\tothers.\t(Baltasar\tGracian,\t1601- 1658) REVERSAL The\t cat's-paw\t and\t the\t scapegoat\t must\t be\t used\t with\t extreme\t caution\t and delicacy.\t They\t are\t like\t screens\t that\t hide\t your\t own\t involvement\t in\t dirty\t work from\t the\t public;\t if\t at\t any\t moment\t the\t screen\t is\t lifted\t and\t you\t are\t seen\t as\t the manipulator,\t the\t puppet\t master,\t the\t whole\t dynamic\t turns\t aroundyour\t hand\t will be\tseen\teverywhere,\tand\tyou\twill\tbe\tblamed\tfor\tmisfortunes\tyou\tmay\thave\thad nothing\tto\tdo\twith.\tOnce\tthe\ttruth\tis\trevealed,\tevents\twill\tsnowball\tbeyond\tyour control. In\t 1572,\t Queen\t Catherine\t de'\t Medicis\t of\t France\t conspired\t to\t do\t away\t with Gaspard\tde\tColigny,\tan\tadmiral\tin\tthe\tFrench\tnavy\tand\ta\tleading\tmember\tof\tthe Huguenot\t(French\tProtestant)\tcommunity.\tColigny\twas\tclose\tto\tCatherine's\tson, Charles\t IX,\t and\t she\t feared\t his\t growing\t influence\t on\t the\t young\t king.\t So\t she arranged\tfor\ta\tmember\tof\tthe\tGuise\tfamily,\tone\tof\tthe\tmost\tpowerful\troyal\tclans in\tFrance,\tto\tassassinate\thim. Secretly,\thowever,\tCatherine\thad\tanother\tplan:\tShe\twanted\tthe\tHuguenots\tto blame\tthe\tGuises\tfor\tkilling\tone\tof\ttheir\tleaders,\tand\tto\ttake\trevenge.\tWith\tone blow,\t she\t would\t erase\t or\t injure\t two\t threatening\t rivals,\t Coligny\t and\t the\t Guise family.\tYet\tboth\tplans\twent\tawry.\tThe\tassassin\tmissed\this\ttarget,\tonly\twounding Coligny;\tknowing\tCatherine\tas\this\tenemy,\the\tstrongly\tsuspected\tit\twas\tshe\twho had\t set\t up\t the\t attack\t on\t him,\t and\t he\t told\t the\t king\t so.\t Eventually\t the\t failed assassination\tand\tthe\targuments\tthat\tensued\tfrom\tit\tset\toff\ta\tchain\tof\tevents\tthat led\t to\t a\t bloody\t civil\t war\t between\t Catholics\t and\t Protestants,\t culminating\t in\t the horrifying\tMassacre\tof\tSt.\tBartholomew's\tEve,\tin\twhich\tthousands\tof\tProtestants were\tkilled. If\t you\t have\t to\t use\t a\t cat's-paw\t or\t a\t scapegoat\t in\t an\t action\t of\t great consequence,\t be\t very\t careful:\t Too\t much\t can\t go\t wrong.\t It\t is\t often\t wiser\t to\t use","such\t dupes\t in\t more\t innocent\t endeavors,\t where\t mistakes\t or\t miscalculations\t will cause\tno\tserious\tharm. Finally,\t there\t are\t moments\t when\t it\t is\t advantageous\t to\t not\t disguise\t your involvement\t or\t responsibility,\t but\t rather\t to\t take\t the\t blame\t yourself\t for\t some mistake.\tIf\tyou\thave\tpower\tand\tare\tsecure\tin\tit,\tyou\tshould\tsometimes\tplay\tthe penitent:\tWith\ta\tsorrowful\tlook,\tyou\task\tfor\tforgiveness\tfrom\tthose\tweaker\tthan you.\t It\t is\t the\t ploy\t of\t the\t king\t who\t makes\t a\t show\t of\t his\t own\t sacrifices\t for\t die good\t of\t die\t people.\t Similarly,\t upon\t occasion\t you\t may\t want\t to\t appear\t as\t the agent\t of\t punishment\t in\t order\t to\t instill\t fear\t and\t trembling\t in\t your\t subordinates. Instead\t of\t the\t cat's-paw\t you\t show\t your\t own\t mighty\t hand\t as\t a\t threatening gesture.\t Play\t such\t a\t card\t sparingly.\t If\t you\t play\t it\t too\t often,\t fear\t will\t turn\t into resentment\tand\thatred.\tBefore\tyou\tknow\tit,\tsuch\temotions\twill\tspark\ta\tvigorous opposition\t that\t will\t someday\t bring\t you\t down.\t Get\t in\t the\t habit\t of\t using\t a\t cat's- pawit\tis\tfar\tsafer.","48\tLaws\tof\tPower LAW\t27 PLAY\tON\tPEOPLE'S\tNEED TO\tBELIEVE\tTO\tCREATE\tA CULTLIKE\tFOLLOWING JUDGMENT People\t have\t an\t overwhelming\t desire\t to\t believe\t in\t something.\t Become\t the focal\tpoint\tof\tsuch\tdesire\tby\toffering\tthem\ta\tcause,\ta\tnew\tfaith\tto\tfollow.\tKeep your\twords\tvague\tbut\tfull\tof\tpromise;\temphasize\tenthusiasm\tover\trationality\tand clear\t thinking.\t Give\t your\t new\t disciples\t rituals\t to\t perform,\t ask\t them\t to\t make sacrifices\ton\tyour\tbehalf.\tIn\tthe\tabsence\tof\torganized\treligion\tand\tgrand\tcauses, your\tnew\tbelief\tsystem\twill\tbring\tyou\tuntold\tpower. He\t was\t to\t the\t charlatan's\t advantage\t that\t the\t individuals\t predisposed\t to credulity\t should\t multiply,\t that\t the\t groups\t of\t his\t adherents\t should\t enlarge\t to mass\tproportions,\tguaranteeing\tan\tever\tgreater\tscope\tfor\this\ttriumphs.\tAnd\tthis was\tin\tfact\tto\toccur,\tas\tscience\twas\tpopularized,\tfrom\tthe\tRenaissance\ton\tdown through\t succeeding\t centuries.\t With\t the\t immense\t growth\t of\t knowledge\t and\t its spread\t through\t printing\t in\t modern\t times,\t the\t mass\t of\t the\t half\t educated,\t the eagerly\tgullible\tprey\tof\tthe\tquack,\talso\tincreased,\tbecame\tindeed\ta\tmajority;\treal power\tcould\tbe\tbased\ton\ttheir\twishes,\topinions,\tpreferences,\tand\trejections.\tThe charlatan's\t empire\t accordingly\t widened\t with\t the\t modern\t dissemination\t of knowledge;\t since\t he\t operated\t on\t the\t basis\t of\t science,\t however\t much\t he perverted\t it,\t producing\t gold\t with\t a\t technique\t borrowed\t from\t chemistry\t and\t his wonderful\t balsams\t with\t the\t apparatus\t of\t medicine,\t he\t could\t not\t appeal\t to\t an entirely\tignorant\tfolk.\tThe\tilliterate\twould\tbe\tprotected\tagainst\this\tabsurdities\tby their\t healthy\t common\t sense.\t His\t choicest\t audience\t would\t be\t composed\t of\t the semiliterate,\t those\t who\t had\t exchanged\t their\t common\t sense\t for\t a\t little\t distorted information\tand\thad THE\t SCIENCE\t OF\t CHARLATANISM,\t OR\t HOW\t TO\t CREATE\t A\t CULT IN\tFIVE\tEASY\tSTEPS\tIn\tsearching,\tas\tyou\tmust,\tfor\tthe\tmethods\tthat\twill\tgain you\t the\t most\t power\t for\t the\t least\t effort,\t you\t will\t find\t the\t creation\t of\t a\t cultlike following\tone\tof\tthe\tmost\teffective.\tHaving\ta\tlarge\tfollowing\topens\tup\tall\tsorts of\tpossibilities\tfor\tdeception;\tnot\tonly\twill\tyour\tfollowers\tworship\tyou,\tthey\twill defend\tyou\tfrom\tyour\tenemies\tand\twill\tvoluntarily\ttake\ton\tthe\twork\tof\tenticing","others\t to\t join\t your\t fledgling\t cult.\t This\t kind\t of\t power\t will\t lift\t you\t to\t another realm:\t You\t will\t no\t longer\t have\t to\t struggle\t or\t use\t subterfuge\t to\t enforce\t your will.\tYou\tare\tadored\tand\tcan\tdo\tno\twrong. You\tmight\tthink\tit\ta\tgargantuan\ttask\tto\tcreate\tsuch\ta\tfollowing,\tbut\tin\tfact\tit is\t fairly\t simple.\t As\t humans,\t we\t have\t a\t desperate\t need\t to\t believe\t in\t something, anything.\t This\t makes\t us\t eminently\t gullible:\t We\t simply\t cannot\t endure\t long periods\t of\t doubt,\t or\t of\t the\t emptiness\t that\t comes\t from\t a\t lack\t of\t something\t to believe\tin.\tDangle\tin\tfront\tof\tus\tsome\tnew\tcause,\telixir,\tget-rich-quick\tscheme, or\tthe\tlatest\ttechnological\ttrend\tor\tart\tmovement\tand\twe\tleap\tfrom\tthe\twater\tas one\tto\ttake\tthe\tbait.\tLook\tat\thistory:\tThe\tchronicles\tof\tthe\tnew\ttrends\tand\tcults that\thave\tmade\ta\tmass\tfollowing\tfor\tdiem-selves\tcould\tfill\ta\tlibrary.\tAfter\ta\tfew centuries,\t a\t few\t decades,\t a\t few\t years,\t a\t few\t months,\t they\t generally\t look ridiculous,\tbut\tat\tthe\ttime\tthey\tseem\tso\tattractive,\tso\ttranscendental,\tso\tdivine. Always\t in\t a\t rush\t to\t believe\t in\t something,\t we\t will\t manufacture\t saints\t and faiths\t out\t of\t nothing.\t Do\t not\t let\t this\t gullibility\t go\t to\t waste:\t Make\t yourself\t the object\tof\tworship.\tMake\tpeople\tform\ta\tcult\taround\tyou. The\t great\t European\t charlatans\t of\t the\t sixteenth\t and\t seventeenth\t centuries mastered\t the\t art\t of\t cultmaking.\t They\t lived,\t as\t we\t do\t now,\t in\t a\t time\t of transformation:\tOrganized\treligion\twas\ton\tthe\twane,\tscience\ton\tthe\trise.\tPeople were\tdesperate\tto\trally\taround\ta\tnew\tcause\tor\tfaith.\tThe\tcharlatans\thad\tbegun\tby peddling\t health\t elixirs\t and\t alchemic\t shortcuts\t to\t wealth.\t Moving\t quickly\t from town\t to\t town,\t they\t originally\t focused\t on\t small\t groupsuntil,\t by\t accident,\t they stumbled\ton\ta\ttruth\tof\thuman\tnature:\tThe\tlarger\tthe\tgroup\tthey\tgathered\taround themselves,\tthe\teasier\tit\twas\tto\tdeceive. The\t charlatan\t would\t station\t himself\t on\t a\t high\t wooden\t platform\t (hence\t the term\t \u201cmountebank\u201d)\t and\t crowds\t would\t swarm\t around\t him.\t In\t a\t group\t setting, people\t were\t more\t emotional,\t less\t able\t to\t reason.\t Had\t the\t charlatan\t spoken\t to them\t individually,\t they\t might\t have\t found\t him\t ridiculous,\t but\t lost\t in\t a\t crowd they\tgot\tcaught\tup\tin\ta\tcommunal\tmood\tof\trapt\tattention.\tIt\tbecame\timpossible for\t them\t to\t find\t the\t distance\t to\t be\t skeptical.\t Any\t deficiencies\t in\t the\t charlatan's ideas\t were\t hidden\t by\t the\t zeal\t of\t the\t mass.\t Passion\t and\t enthusiasm\t swept tiirough\t the\t crowd\t like\t a\t contagion,\t and\t they\t reacted\t violently\t to\t anyone\t who dared\t to\t spread\t a\t seed\t of\t doubt.\t Both\t consciously\t studying\t this\t dynamic\t over decades\t of\t experiment\t and\t spontaneously\t adapting\t to\t these\t situations\t as\t diey happened,\tthe\tcharlatans\tperfected\tthe\tscience\tof\tattracting\tand\tholding\ta\tcrowd, molding\tdie\tcrowd\tinto\tfollowers\tand\tdie\tfollowers\tinto\ta\tcult. The\t gimmicks\t of\t the\t charlatans\t may\t seem\t quaint\t today,\t but\t there\t are thousands\t of\t charlatans\t among\t us\t still,\t using\t the\t same\t tried-and-true\t methods their\tpredecessors\trefined\tcenturies\tago,\tonly\tchanging\tdie\tnames\tof\ttheir\telixirs","and\tmodernizing\tthe\tlook\tof\ttheir\tcults.\tWe\tfind\tdiese\tlatter-day\tcharlatans\tin\tall arenas\t of\t lifebusiness,\t fashion,\t politics,\t art.\t Many\t of\t them,\t perhaps,\t are following\tin\tthe\tcharlatan\ttradition\twithout\thaving\tany\tknowledge\tof\tits\thistory, but\t you\t can\t be\t more\t systematic\t and\t deliberate.\t Simply\t follow\t die\t five\t steps\t of cultmaking\tthat\tour\tcharlatan\tancestors\tperfected\tover\tthe\tyears. Step\t1:\tKeep\tIt\tVague;\tKeep\tIt\tSimple.\tTo\tcreate\ta\tcult\tyou\tmust\tfirst\tattract attention.\t This\t you\t should\t do\t not\t through\t actions,\t which\t are\t too\t clear\t and readable,\t but\t through\t words,\t which\t are\t hazy\t and\t deceptive.\t Your\t initial speeches,\t conversations,\t and\t interviews\t must\t include\t two\t elements:\t on\t uie\t one hand\tthe\tpromise\tof\tsomediing\tgreat\tand\ttransformative,\tand\ton\tdie\tother\ta\ttotal vagueness.\t This\t combination\t will\t stimulate\t all\t kinds\t of\t hazy\t dreams\t in\t your listeners,\twho\twill\tmake\tdieir\town\tconnections\tand\tsee\twhat\tthey\twant\tto\tsee. To\tmake\tyour\tvagueness\tattractive,\tuse\twords\tof\tgreat\tresonance\tbut\tcloudy meaning,\t words\t full\t of\t heat\t and\t enthusiasm.\t Fancy\t tides\t for\t simple\t things\t are helpful,\t as\t are\t the\t use\t of\t numbers\t and\t the\t creation\t of\t new\t words\t for\t vague concepts.\t All\t of\t these\t create\t the\t impression\t of\t specialized\t knowledge,\t giving you\t a\t veneer\t of\t profundity.\t By\t the\t same\t token,\t try\t to\t make\t the\t subject\t of\t your cult\tnew\tand\tfresh,\tso\tdiat\tfew\twill\tunderstand\tit.\tDone\tright,\tthe\tcombination\tof vague\t promises,\t cloudy\t but\t alluring\t concepts,\t and\t fiery\t endiusiasm\t will\t stir people's\tsouls\tand\ta\tgroup\twill\tform\taround\tyou. Talk\ttoo\tvaguely\tand\tyou\thave\tno\tcredibility.\tBut\tit\tis\tmore\tdangerous\tto\tbe specific.\tIf\tyou\texplain\tin\tdetail\tthe\tbenefits\tpeople\twill\tgain\tby\tfollowing\tyour cult,\tyou\twill\tbe\texpected\tto\tsatisfy\tmem. As\t a\t corollary\t to\t its\t vagueness\t your\t appeal\t should\t also\t be\t simple.\t Most people's\t problems\t have\t complex\t causes:\t deep-rooted\t neurosis,\t interconnected social\t factors,\t roots\t that\t go\t way\t back\t in\t time\t and\t are\t exceedingly\t hard\t to unravel.\tFew,\thowever,\thave\tthe\tpatience\tto\tdeal\twith\tthis;\tmost\tpeople\twant\tto hear\tthat\ta\tsimple\tsolution\twill\tcure\ttheir\tproblems.\tThe\tability\tto\toffer\tmis\tkind of\t solution\t will\t give\t you\t great\t power\t and\t build\t you\t a\t following.\t Instead\t of\t the complicated\t explanations\t of\t real\t life,\t return\t to\t die\t primitive\t solutions\t of\t our ancestors,\tto\tgood\told\tcountry\tremedies,\tto\tmysterious\tpanaceas. Step\t2:\tEmphasize\tthe\tVisual\tand\tthe\tSensual\tover\tthe\tIntellectual. Once\t people\t have\t begun\t to\t gadier\t around\t you,\t two\t dangers\t will\t present themselves:\t boredom\t and\t skepticism.\t Boredom\t will\t make\t people\t go\t elsewhere; skepticism\t will\t allow\t them\t the\t distance\t to\t think\t rationally\t about\t whatever\t it\t is you\tare\toffering,\tblowing\taway\tdie\tmist\tyou\thave\tartfully\tcreated\tand\trevealing your\t ideas\t for\t what\t tiiey\t are.\t You\t need\t to\t amuse\t the\t bored,\t then,\t and\t ward\t off die\tcynics. encountered\t science\t and\t education\t at\t some\t time,\t though\t briefly\t and","unsuccessfully....\t The\t great\t mass\t of\t mankind\t has\t always\t been\t predisposed\t to marvel\tat\tmysteries,\tand\tthis\twas\tespecially\ttrue\tat\tcertain\thistoric\tperiods\twhen the\t secure\t foundations\t of\t life\t seemed\t shaken\t and\t old\t values,\t economic\t or spiritual,\t long\t accepted\t as\t certainties,\t could\t no\t longer\t be\t relied\t upon.\t Then\t the numbers\t of\t the\t charlatan's\t dupes\t multipliedthe\t \u201cself\t killers,\u201d\t as\t a\t seventeenth- century\tEnglishman\tcalled\tthem. the\tpower\tof\tthe charlatan, Grete\tde\tFrancesco, THE\tOWI.\tWHO\tWAS\tGOD Once\tupon\ta\tstarless\tmidnight\tthere\twas\tan\towl\twho\tsat\ton\tthe\tbranch\tof\tan oak\t tree.\t Two\t ground\t moles\t tried\t to\t slip\t quietly\t by,\t unnoticed.\t \u201cYou!\u201dsaid\t the owl.\t\u201cWho\u201d\tthey\tquavered,\tin\tfear\tand\tastonishment,\tfor\tthey\tcould\tnot\tbelieve it\t was\t possible\t for\t anyone\t to\t see\t them\t in\t that\t thick\t darkness.\t \u201cYou\t two!\u201d\t said the\t owl.\t The\t moles\t hurried\t away\t and\t told\t the\t other\t creatures\t of\t the\t field\t and forest\t that\t the\t owl\t was\t the\t greatest\t and\t wisest\t of\t all\t animals\t because\t he\t could see\tin\tthe\tdark and\t because\t he\t could\t answer\t any\t question.\t \u201cI'll\t see\t about\t that,\u201d\t said\t a secretary\t bird,\t and\t he\t called\t on\t the\t owl\t one\t night\t when\t it\t was\t again\t very\t dark. \u201cHow\t many\t claws\t am\t 1\t holding\t up\t \u201d\t said\t the\t secretary\t bird.\t \u201cTwo,\u201d\t said\t the owl,\tand\tthat\twas\tright.\t\u201cCan\tyou\tgive\tme\tanother\texpression\tfor\t'that\tis\tto\tsay' or\t'namely'\u201d\tasked\tthe\tsecretary\tbird.\t\u201cTo\twit,\u201dsaid\tthe\towl.\t\u201cWhy\tdoes\ta\tlover call\ton\this\tlove\u201d\tasked\tthe\tsecretary\tbird.\t\u201cTo\twoo,\u201d\tsaid\tthe\towl.\tThe\tsecretary bird\t hastened\t back\t to\t the\t other\t creatures\t and\t reported\t that\t the\t owl\t was\t indeed the\tgreatest\tand\twisest\tanimal\tin\tthe\tworld\tbecause\the\tcould\tsee\tin\tthe\tdark\tand because\the\tcould\tanswer\tany\tquestion.\t\u201cCan\the\tsee\tin\tthe\tdaytime,\ttoo\u201d\tasked\ta red\t fox.\t \u201c\t Yes,\u201d\t echoed\t a\t dormouse\t and\t a\t French\t poodle.\t \u201cCan\t he\t see\t in\t the daytime,\t too\u201d\t All\t the\t other\t creatures\t laughed\t loudly\t at\t this\t silly\t question,\t and they\tset\tupon\tthe\tred\tfox\tand\this\tfriends\tand\tdrove\tthem\tout\tof\tthe\tregion.\tThen they\tsent\ta\tmessenger\tto\tthe\towl\tand\tasked\thim\tto\tbe\ttheir\tleader.\tWhen\tthe\towl appeared\tamong\tthe\tanimals\tit\twas\thigh\tnoon\tand\tthe\tsun\twas\tshining\tbrightly. He\twalked\tvery\tslowly,\twhich\tgave\thim\tan\tappearance\tof\tgreat\tdignity,\tand\the peered\tabout\thim\twith\tlarge,\tstaring\teyes,\twhich\tgave\thim\tan\tair The\t best\t way\t to\t do\t this\t is\t through\t theater,\t or\t other\t devices\t of\t its\t kind. Surround\t yourself\t widi\t luxury,\t dazzle\t your\t followers\t with\t visual\t splendor,\t fill their\t eyes\t with\t spectacle.\t Not\t only\t will\t this\t keep\t them\t from\t seeing\t the ridiculousness\t of\t your\t ideas,\t the\t holes\t in\t your\t belief\t system,\t it\t will\t also\t attract more\t attention,\t more\t followers.\t Appeal\t to\t all\t the\t senses:\t Use\t incense\t for\t scent, soothing\t music\t for\t hearing,\t colorful\t charts\t and\t graphs\t for\t die\t eye.\t You\t might","even\t tickle\t the\t mind,\t perhaps\t by\t using\t new\t technological\t gadgets\t to\t give\t your cult\t a\t pseudo-scientific\t veneeras\t long\t as\t you\t do\t not\t make\t anyone\t really\t think. Use\tdie\texoticdistant\tcultures,\tstrange\tcustomsto\tcreate\tdieatrical\teffects,\tand\tto make\tthe\tmost\tbanal\tand\tordinary\taffairs\tseem\tsigns\tof\tsomediing\textraordinary. Step\t 3:\t Borrow\t the\t Forms\t of\t Organized\t Religion\t to\t Structure\t the\t Group. Your\t cultlike\t following\t is\t growing;\t it\t is\t time\t to\t organize\t it.\t Find\t a\t way\t both elevating\t and\t comforting.\t Organized\t religions\t have\t long\t held\t unquestioned authority\t for\t large\t numbers\t of\t people,\t and\t continue\t to\t do\t so\t in\t our\t supposedly secular\t age.\t And\t even\t if\t the\t religion\t itself\t has\t faded\t some,\t its\t forms\t still resonate\t with\t power.\t The\t lofty\t and\t holy\t associations\t of\t organized\t religion\t can be\t endlessly\t exploited.\t Create\t rituals\t for\t your\t followers;\t organize\t diem\t into\t a hierarchy,\t ranking\t them\t in\t grades\t of\t sanctity,\t and\t giving\t diem\t names\t and\t tides mat\t resound\t with\t religious\t overtones;\t ask\t diem\t for\t sacrifices\t mat\t will\t fill\t your coffers\t and\t increase\t your\t power.\t To\t emphasize\t your\t gadiering's\t quasi-religious nature,\t talk\t and\t act\t like\t a\t prophet.\t You\t are\t not\t a\t dictator,\t after\t all;\t you\t are\t a priest,\ta\tguru,\ta\tsage,\ta\tshaman,\tor\tany\todier\tword\tdiat\thides\tyour\treal\tpower\tin the\tmist\tof\treligion. Step\t 4:\t Disguise\t Your\t Source\t of\t Income.\t Your\t group\t has\t grown,\t and\t you have\t structured\t it\t in\t a\t churchlike\t form.\t Your\t coffers\t are\t beginning\t to\t fill\t wim your\tfollowers'\tmoney.\tYet\tyou\tmust\tnever\tbe\tseen\tas\thungry\tfor\tmoney\tand\tthe power\t it\t brings.\t It\t is\t at\t diis\t moment\t that\t you\t must\t disguise\t die\t source\t of\t your income. Your\t followers\t want\t to\t believe\t diat\t if\t they\t follow\t you\t all\t sorts\t of\t good things\t will\t fall\t into\t dieir\t lap.\t By\t surrounding\t yourself\t widi\t luxury\t you\t become living\t proof\t of\t the\t soundness\t of\t your\t belief\t system.\t Never\t reveal\t that\t your wealth\t actually\t comes\t from\t your\t followers'\t pockets;\t instead,\t make\t it\t seem\t to come\t from\t die\t trum\t of\t your\t mediods.\t Followers\t will\t copy\t your\t each\t and\t every move\t in\t die\t belief\t mat\t it\t will\t bring\t diem\t the\t same\t results,\t and\t dieir\t imitative enthusiasm\twill\tblind\tdiem\tto\tthe\tcharlatan\tnature\tof\tyour\twealdi. Step\t 5:\t Set\t Up\t an\t Us-Versus-Them\t Dynamic.\t The\t group\t is\t now\t large\t and diriving,\t a\t magnet\t attracting\t more\t and\t more\t particles.\t If\t you\t are\t not\t careful, though,\tinertia\twill\tset\tin,\tand\ttime\tand\tboredom\twill\tdemagnetize\tdie\tgroup.\tTo keep\t your\t followers\t united,\t you\t must\t now\t do\t what\t all\t religions\t and\t belief systems\t have\t done:\t create\t an\t us-versus-diem\t dynamic.\t First,\t make\t sure\t your followers\tbelieve\tthey\tare\tpart\tof\tan\texclusive club,\t unified\t by\t a\t bond\t of\t common\t goals.\t Then,\t to\t strengdien\t this\t bond, manufacture\t the\t notion\t of\t a\t devious\t enemy\t out\t to\t ruin\t you.\t There\t is\t a\t force\t of nonbelievers\tthat\twill\tdo\tanything\tto\tstop\tyou.\tAny\toutsider\twho\ttries\tto\treveal the\tcharlatan\tnature\tof\tyour\tbelief\tsystem\tcan\tnow\tbe\tdescribed\tas\ta\tmember\tof","this\tdevious\tforce. If\tyou\thave\tno\tenemies,\tinvent\tone.\tGiven\ta\tstraw\tman\tto\treact\tagainst,\tyour followers\t will\t tighten\t and\t cohere.\t They\t have\t your\t cause\t to\t believe\t in\t and infidels\tto\tdestroy. OBSERVANCES\tOF\tTHE\tLAW Observance\tI In\t the\t year\t 1653,\t a\t twenty-seven-year-old\t Milan\t man\t named\t Francesco Giuseppe\t Borri\t claimed\t to\t have\t had\t a\t vision.\t He\t went\t around\t town\t telling\t one and\t all\t mat\t the\t archangel\t Michael\t had\t appeared\t to\t him\t and\t announced\t that\t he had\t been\t chosen\t to\t be\t the\t capitano\t generate\t of\t the\t Army\t of\t the\t New\t Pope,\t an army\t that\t would\t seize\t and\t revitalize\t the\t world.\t The\t archangel\t had\t further revealed\t that\t Borri\t now\t had\t the\t power\t to\t see\t people's\t souls,\t and\t that\t he\t would soon\t discover\t the\t philosopher's\t stonea\t long-sought-after\t substance\t that\t could change\t base\t metals\t into\t gold.\t Friends\t and\t acquaintances\t who\t heard\t Borri explain\tthe\tvision,\tand\twho\twitnessed\tthe\tchange\tthat\thad\tcome\tover\thim,\twere impressed,\t for\t Borri\t had\t previously\t devoted\t himself\t to\t a\t life\t of\t wine,\t women, and\t gambling.\t Now\t he\t gave\t all\t that\t up,\t plunging\t himself\t into\t the\t study\t of alchemy\tand\ttalking\tonly\tof\tmysticism\tand\tthe\toccult. The\ttransformation\twas\tso\tsudden\tand\tmiraculous,\tand\tBorri's\twords\twere\tso filled\t with\t enthusiasm,\t that\t he\t began\t to\t create\t a\t following.\t Unfortunately\t the Italian\t Inquisition\t began\t to\t notice\t him\t as\t wellthey\t prosecuted\t anyone\t who delved\tinto\tthe\toccultso\the\tleft\tItaly\tand\tbegan\tto\twander\tEurope,\tfrom\tAustria to\t Holland,\t telling\t one\t and\t all\t that\t \u201cto\t those\t who\t follow\t me\t all\t joy\t shall\t be granted.\u201d\tWherever\tBorri\tstayed\the\tattracted\tfollowers.\tHis\tmethod\twas\tsimple: He\tspoke\tof\this\tvision,\twhich\thad\tgrown\tmore\tand\tmore\telaborate,\tand\toffered to\t \u201clook\t into\u201d\t the\t soul\t of\t anyone\t who\t believed\t him\t (and\t they\t were\t many). Seemingly\t in\t a\t trance,\t he\t would\t stare\t at\t this\t new\t follower\t for\t several\t minutes, then\tclaim\tto\thave\tseen\tthe\tperson's\tsoul,\tdegree\tof\tenlightenment,\tand\tpotential for\tspiritual\tgreatness.\tIf\twhat\the\tsaw\tshowed\tpromise,\the\twould\tadd\tthe\tperson to\this\tgrowing\torder\tof\tdisciples,\tan\thonor\tindeed. The\tcult\thad\tsix\tdegrees,\tinto\twhich\tthe\tdisciples\twere\tassigned\taccording\tto what\tBorri\thad\tglimpsed\tin\ttheir\tsouls.\tWith\twork\tand\ttotal\tdevotion\tto\tthe\tcult they\t could\t graduate\t to\t a\t higher\t degree.\t Borriwhom\t they\t called\t \u201cHis Excellency,\u201d\t and\t \u201cUniversal\t Doctor\u201ddemanded\t from\t them\t die\t strictest\t vows\t of poverty.\tAll\tthe\tgoods\tand\tmoneys\tthey\tpossessed\thad\tto\tbe\tturned\tover\tto\thim. But\t diey\t did\t not\t mind\t handing\t over\t their\t property,\t for\t Borri\t had\t told\t them,\t \\\"I shall\tsoon\tbring\tmy\tchemical of\t tremendous\t importance.\t \u201cHe's\t God!\u201d\t screamed\t a\t Plymouth\t Rock\t hen. And\t the\t others\t took\t up\t the\t cry\t \u201cHe's\t God!\u201dSo\t they\t followed\t him\t wherever\t he","went\t and\t when\t he\t began\t to\t bump\t into\t things\t they\t began\t to\t bump\t into\t things, too.\tFinally\the\tcame\tto\ta\tconcrete\thighway\tand\the\tstarted\tup\tthe\tmiddle\tof\tit\tand all\t the\t other\t creatures\t followed\t him.\t Presently\t a\t hawk,\t who\t was\t acting\t as outrider,\t observed\t a\t truck\t coming\t toward\t them\t at\t fifty\t miles\t an\t hour,\t and\t he reported\tto\tthe\tsecretary\tbird\tand\tthe\tsecretary\tbird\treported\tto\tthe\towl.\t\u201c\tThere's danger\tahead,\u201d\tsaid\tthe\tsecretary\tbird.\t\u201c\tTo\twit\t\u201d\tsaid\tthe\towl.\tThe\tsecretary\tbird told\t him.\t \u201cA\t ren\t 't\t you\t afraid\t \u201d\t He\t asked.\t \u201cWho\u201dsaid\t the\t owl\t calmly,\t for\t he could\tnot\tsee\tthe\ttruck.\t\u201cHe's\tGod!\u201d\tcried\tall\tthe\tcreatures\tagain,\tand\tthey\twere still\tcrying\t\u201cHe's\tGod!\u201d\twhen\tthe\ttruck\thit\tthem\tand\tran\tthem\tdown.\tSome\tof\tthe animals\t were\t merely\t injured,\t but\t most\t of\t them,\t including\t the\t owl,\t were\t killed. Moral:\tYou\tcan\tfool\ttoo\tmany\tof\tthe\tpeople\ttoo\tmuch\tof\tthe\ttime. the\tthurber\tcarnival,\tJames\tThurber\t,\t1894-1961 To\t become\t the\t founder\t of\t a\t new\t religion\t one\t must\t he\t psychologically infallible\tin\tone's\tknowledge\tof\ta\tcertain\taverage\ttype\tof\tsouls\twho\thave\tnot\tyet recognized\tthat\tthey\tbelong\ttogether. Friedrich\tNietzsche,\t1844-1900 Men\tare\tso\tsimple\tof mind,\tand\tso\tmuch dominated\tby\ttheir immediate\tneeds,\tthat\ta deceitful\tman\twill always\tfind\tplenty\twho are\tready\tto\tbe deceived. NicroLO\tMachiavem.i,\t1469-1527 111!'.\tIKMI'LK\tOF\tIII,\tVI\tII\t] [In\tthe\tlate\t1780s]\tthe\tScottish\tquack\tJames\tGraham\t..\t.\twas\twinning\ta\tlarge following\t and\t great\t riches\t in\t London....\t [Graham]\t maintained\t a\t show\t of\t great scientific\t technique.\t In\t 1772\t ...\t he\t had\t visited\t Philadelphia,\t where\t he\t met Benjamin\t Franklin\t and\t became\t interested\t in\t the\t latter's\t experiments\t with electricity.\t These\t appear\t to\t have\t inspired\t the\t apparatus\t in\t the\t \u201cTemple\t of Health,\u201d studies\t to\t a\t happy\t conclusion\t by\t the\t discovery\t of\t the\t philosopher's\t stone, and\tby\tthis\tmeans\twe\tshall\tall\thave\tas\tmuch\tgold\tas\twe\tdesire.\\\" Given\this\tgrowing\twealtii,\tBorri\tbegan\tto\tchange\this\tstyle\tof\tliving.\tRenting the\tmost\tsplendid\tapartment\tin\tthe\tcity\tinto\twhich\the\thad\ttemporarily\tsetded,\the would\tfurnish\tit\twith\tfabulous\tfurniture\tand\taccessories,\twhich\the\thad\tbegun\tto collect.\tHe\twould\tdrive\tthrough\tthe\tcity\tin\ta\tcoach\tstudded\twith\tjewels,\twith\tsix magnificent\tblack\thorses\tat\tits\thead.\tHe\tnever\tstayed\ttoo\tlong\tin\tone\tplace,\tand","when\t he\t disappeared,\t saying\t he\t had\t more\t souls\t to\t gather\t into\t his\t flock,\t his reputation\tonly\tgrew\tin\this\tabsence.\tHe\tbecame\tfamous,\talthough\tin\tfact\the\thad never\tdone\ta\tsingle\tconcrete\tthing. From\tall\tover\tEurope,\tthe\tblind,\tthe\tcrippled,\tand\tthe\tdesperate\tcame\tto\tvisit Borri,\t for\t word\t had\t spread\t that\t he\t had\t healing\t powers.\t He\t asked\t no\t fee\t for\t his services,\twhich\tonly\tmade\thim\tseem\tmore\tmarvelous,\tand\tindeed\tsome\tclaimed tfiat\t in\t this\t or\t mat\t city\t he\t had\t performed\t a\t miracle\t cure.\t By\t only\t hinting\t at\t his accomplishments,\t he\t encouraged\t people's\t imaginations\t to\t blow\t diem\t up\t to fantastic\tproportions.\tHis\twealdi,\tfor\texample,\tactually\tcame\tfrom\tthe\tvast\tsums he\twas\tcollecting\tfrom\this\tincreasingly\tselect\tgroup\tof\trich\tdisciples;\tyet\tit\twas presumed\t that\t he\t had\t in\t fact\t perfected\t the\t philosopher's\t stone.\t The\t Church continued\tto\tpursue\thim,\tdenouncing\thim\tfor\theresy\tand\twitchcraft,\tand\tBorri's response\t to\t these\t charges\t was\t a\t dignified\t silence;\t this\t only\t enhanced\t his reputation\t and\t made\t his\t followers\t more\t passionate.\t Only\t die\t great\t are persecuted,\t after\t all;\t how\t many\t understood\t Jesus\t Christ\t in\t his\t own\t time\t Borri did\tnot\thave\tto\tsay\ta\twordhis\tfollowers\tnow\tcalled\tthe\tPope\tthe\tAntichrist. And\t so\t Borri's\t power\t grew\t and\t grew,\t until\t one\t day\t he\t left\t the\t city\t of Amsterdam\t (where\t he\t had\t setded\t for\t a\t while),\t absconding\t with\t huge\t sums\t of borrowed\t money\t and\t diamonds\t that\t had\t been\t entrusted\t to\t him.\t (He\t claimed\t to be\t able\t to\t remove\t the\t flaws\t from\t diamonds\t through\t the\t power\t of\t his\t gifted mind.)\t Now\t he\t was\t on\t the\t run.\t The\t Inquisition\t eventually\t caught\t up\t with\t him, and\tfor\tthe\tlast\ttwenty\tyears\tof\this\tlife\the\twas\timprisoned\tin\tRome.\tBut\tso\tgreat was\t the\t belief\t in\t his\t occult\t powers\t that\t to\t his\t dying\t day\t he\t was\t visited\t by wealthy\t believers,\t including\t Queen\t Christina\t of\t Sweden.\t Supplying\t him\t with money\t and\t materials,\t diese\t visitors\t allowed\t him\t to\t continue\t his\t search\t for\t die elusive\tphilosopher's\tstone.\tInterpretation Before\t he\t formed\t his\t cult,\t Borri\t seems\t to\t have\t stumbled\t on\t a\t critical discovery.\t Tiring\t of\t his\t life\t of\t debauchery,\t he\t had\t decided\t to\t give\t it\t up\t and\t to devote\t himself\t to\t the\t occult,\t a\t genuine\t interest\t of\t his.\t He\t must\t have\t noticed, however,\t mat\t when\t he\t alluded\t to\t a\t mystical\t experience\t (rather\t than\t physical exhaustion)\tas\tdie\tsource\tof\this\tconversion,\tpeople\tof\tall\tclasses\twanted\tto\thear more.\t Realizing\t the\t power\t he\t could\t gain\t by\t ascribing\t the\t change\t to\t sometiiing external\t and\t mysterious,\t he\t went\t further\t widi\t his\t manufactured\t visions.\t The grander\tthe\tvision,\tand\tthe\tmore\tsacrifices\the\tasked\tfor,\tdie\tmore\tappealing\tand believable\this\tstory\tseemed\tto\tbecome. Remember:\tPeople\tare\tnot\tinterested\tin\tdie\ttrutii\tabout\tchange.\tThey do\t not\t want\t to\t hear\t that\t it\t has\t come\t from\t hard\t work,\t or\t from\t anything\t as banal\t as\t exhaustion,\t boredom,\t or\t depression;\t they\t are\t dying\t to\t believe\t in something\tromantic,\totherworldly.\tThey\twant\tto\thear\tof\tangels\tand\tout-of-body","experiences.\tIndulge\tthem.\tHint\tat\tthe\tmystical\tsource\tof\tsome\tpersonal\tchange, wrap\tit\tin\tethereal\tcolors,\tand\ta\tcuklike\tfollowing\twill\tform\taround\tyou.\tAdapt to\t people's\t needs:\t The\t messiah\t must\t mirror\t the\t desires\t of\t his\t followers.\t And always\taim\thigh.\tThe\tbigger\tand\tbolder\tyour\tillusion,\tthe\tbetter. Observance\tII In\t the\t mid-1700s,\t word\t spread\t in\t Europe's\t fashionable\t society\t of\t a\t Swiss country\t doctor\t named\t Michael\t Schiippach\t who\t practiced\t a\t different\t kind\t of medicine:\t He\t used\t the\t healing\t powers\t of\t nature\t to\t perform\t miraculous\t cures. Soon\t well-to-do\t people\t from\t all\t over\t the\t Continent,\t their\t ailments\t both\t serious and\t mild,\t were\t making\t the\t trek\t to\t the\t alpine\t village\t of\t Lang-nau,\t where Schiippach\t lived\t and\t worked.\t Trudging\t tiirough\t the\t mountains,\t these\t visitors witnessed\tthe\tmost\tdramatic\tnatural\tlandscapes\tthat\tEurope\thas\tto\toffer.\tBy\tthe time\t they\t reached\t Langnau,\t they\t were\t already\t feeling\t transformed\t and\t on\t their way\tto\thealth. Schiippach,\twho\thad\tbecome\tknown\tas\tsimply\tthe\t\u201cMountain\tDoctor,\u201d\thad\ta small\t pharmacy\t in\t town.\t This\t place\t became\t quite\t a\t scene:\t Crowds\t of\t people from\t many\t different\t countries\t would\t cram\t the\t small\t room,\t its\t walls\t lined\t with colorful\t bottles\t filled\t with\t herbal\t cures.\t Where\t most\t doctors\t of\t the\t time prescribed\t foul-tasting\t concoctions\t that\t bore\t incomprehensible\t Latin\t titles\t (as medicines\toften\tdo\tstill),\tSchiippach's\tcures\thad\tnames\tsuch\tas\t\u201cThe\tOil\tof\tJoy,\u201d \u201cLittle\t Flower's\t Heart,\u201d\t or\t \u201cAgainst\t the\t Monster,\u201d\t and\t they\t tasted\t sweet\t and pleasing. Visitors\t to\t Langnau\t would\t have\t to\t wait\t patiently\t for\t a\t visit\t with\t the Mountain\tDoctor,\tbecause\tevery\tday\tsome\teighty\tmessengers\twould\tarrive\tat\tthe pharmacy\t bearing\t flasks\t of\t urine\t from\t all\t over\t Europe.\t Schiippach\t claimed\t he could\tdiagnose\twhat\tailed\tyou\tsimply\tby\tlooking\tat\ta\tsample\tof\tyour\turine\tand reading\ta\twritten\tdescription\tof\tyour\tailment.\t(Naturally\the\tread\tthe\tdescription very\t carefully\t before\t prescribing\t a\t cure.)\t When\t he\t finally\t had\t a\t spare\t minute (the\t urine\t samples\t took\t up\t much\t of\t his\t time),\t he\t would\t call\t the\t visitor\t into\t his office\t in\t the\t pharmacy.\t He\t would\t then\t examine\t this\t person's\t urine\t sample, explaining\t that\t its\t appearance\t would\t tell\t him\t everything\t he\t needed\t to\t know. Country\t people\t had\t a\t sense\t for\t these\t things,\t he\t would\t saytheir\t wisdom\t came from\t living\t a\t simple,\t godly\t life\t with\t none\t of\t the\t complications\t of\t urban\t living. This\tpersonal\tconsultation\twould\talso\tinclude\ta\tdiscussion\tas\tto\thow\tone\tmight bring\tone's\tsoul\tmore\tinto\tharmony\twith\tnature. Schiippach\thad\tdevised\tmany\tforms\tof\ttreatment,\teach\tprofoundly\tunlike\tthe usual\tmedical\t practices\t of\tthe\t time.\tHe\t was\ta\t believer,\tfor\t instance,\tin\t electric shock\t tiierapy.\t To\t those\t who\t wondered\t whether\t this\t was\t in\t keeping\t with\t his belief\t in\t the\t healing\t power\t of\t nature,\t he\t would\t explain\t that\t electricity\t is\t a","natural\tphenomenon;\the\twas\tmerely\timitating\tthe the\tfabulous\testablishment\the\topened\tin\tLondon\tfor\tthe\tsale\tof\this\telixirs.... In\tthe\tchief\troom,\twhere\the\treceived\tpatients,\tstood\t\u201cthe\tlargest\tair\tpump\tin\tthe world\t\u201d\tto\tassist\thim\tin\this\t\u201cphilosophical\tinvestigations\u201d\tinto\tdisease,\tand\talso\ta \u201cstupendous\tmetallic\tconductor,\u201d\ta\trichly\tgilded\tpedestal\tsurrounded\twith\tretorts and\t vials\t of\t \u201cetherial\t and\t other\t essences.\t \u201d\t ..\t .According\t to\t J.\t Ennemoser,\t who published\t a\t history\t of\t magic\t in\t 1844\t at\t Leipzig,\t Graham's\t \u201chouse\t ...\t united\t the useful\twith\tthe\tpleasurable.\tEverywhere\tthe\tutmost\tmagnificence\twas\tdisplayed. Even\t in\t the\t outer\t court,\t averred\t an\t eye-witness,\t it\t seemed\t as\t though\t art, invention,\tand\triches\thad\tbeen\texhausted.\tOn\tthe\tside\twalls\tin\tthe\tchambers\tan arc-shaped\t glow\t was\t provided\t by\t artificial\t electric\t light;\t star\t rays\t darted\t forth; transparent\t glasses\t of\t all\t colors\t were\t placed\t with\t clever\t selection\t and\t much taste.\t All\t this,\t the\t same\t eyewitness\t assures\t us,\t was\t ravishing\t and\t exalted\t the imagination\t to\t the\t highest\t degree.\u201d\t Visitors\t were\t given\t a\t printed\t sheet\t of\t rules for\thealthy\tliving.\tIn\tthe\tGreat\tApollo\tApartment\tthey\tmight\tjoin\tin\tmysterious rituals,\t accompanied\t by\t chants:\t \u201cHail,\t Vital\t Air,\t aethereal!\t Magnetic\t Magic, hail!\u201dAnd\twhile\tthey\thailed\tthe magic\t of\t magnetism,\t the\t windows\t were\t darkened,\t revealing\t a\t ceiling studded\twith\telectric\tstars\tand\ta\tyoung\tand\tlovely\t\u201cRosy\tGoddess\tof\tHealth\t\u201d\tin a\tniche....\tEvery\tevening\tthis\tTemple\tof\tHealth\twas\tcrowded\twith\tguests;\tit\thad become\t the\t fashion\t to\t visit\t it\t and\t try\t the\t great\t twelve-foot\t bed\t of\t state,\t the \u201cGrand\t Celestial\t Bed,\t \u201d\t said\t to\t cure\t any\t disease.\t .\t .\t .\t This\t bed,\t according\t to Ennemoser,\t \u201cstood\t in\t a\t splendid\t room,\t into\t which\t a\t cylinder\t led\t from\t an adjoining\tchamber\tto\tconduct\tthe\thealing\tcurrents\t...\tat\tthe\tsame\ttime\tall\tsorts\tof pleasing\tscents\tof\tstrengthening\therbs\tand\tOriental\tincense\twere\talso\tbrought\tin through\t glass\t tubes.\t The\t heavenly\t bed\t itself\t rested\t upon\t six\t solid\t transparent pillars;\t the\t bedclothes\t were\t of\t purple\t and\t sky-blue\t Atlas\t silk,\t spread\t over\t a mattress\tsaturated\twith\tArabian\tperfumed\twaters\tto\tsuit\tthe\ttastes\tof\tthe\tPersian court.\tThe\tchamber\tin\twhich\tit\twas\tplaced\the\tcalled\tthe\tSanctum\tSanctorum.\t... To\t add\t to\t all\t this,\t there\t were\t the\t melodious\t notes\t of\t the\t harmonica,\t soft\t flutes, agreeable\tvoices,\tand\ta\tgreat\torgan.\u201d the\tpower\tof\tthe charlatan, Crete\tde\tFrancesco, power\t of\t lightning.\t One\t of\t his\t patients\t claimed\t to\t be\t inhabited\t by\t seven devils.\tThe\tdoctor\tcured\thim\twith\telectrical\tshocks,\tand\tas\the\tadministered\tthese he\t exclaimed\t that\t he\t could\t see\t the\t devils\t flying\t out\t of\t the\t man's\t body,\t one\t by one.\tAnother\tman\tclaimed\tto\thave\tswallowed\ta\thay\twagon\tand\tits\tdriver,\twhich were\t causing\t him\t massive\t pains\t in\t the\t chest.\t The\t Mountain\t Doctor\t listened","patientiy,\t claimed\t to\t be\t able\t to\t hear\t the\t crack\t of\t a\t whip\t in\t the\t man's\t belly, promised\t to\t cure\t him,\t and\t gave\t him\t a\t sedative\t and\t a\t purgative.\t The\t man\t fell asleep\ton\ta\tchair\toutside\tthe\tpharmacy.\tAs\tsoon\tas\the\tawoke\the\tvomited,\tand\tas he\tvomited\ta\thay\twagon\tsped\tpast\thim\t(the\tMountain\tDoctor\thad\thired\tit\tfor\tdie occasion),\t the\t crack\t of\t its\t whip\t making\t him\t feel\t that\t somehow\t he\t had\t indeed expelled\tit\tunder\tdie\tdoctor's\tcare. Over\t die\t years,\t the\t Mountain\t Doctor's\t fame\t grew.\t He\t was\t consulted\t by\t the powerfuleven\t the\t writer\t Goethe\t made\t die\t trek\t to\t his\t villageand\t he\t became\t the center\tof\ta\tcult\tof\tnature\tin\twhich\teverything\tnatural\twas\tconsidered\tworthy\tof worship.\tSchiippach\twas\tcareful\tto\tcreate\teffects\tmat\twould\tentertain\tand\tinspire his\t patients.\t A\t professor\t who\t visited\t him\t once\t wrote,\t \u201cOne\t stands\t or\t sits\t in company,\t one\t plays\t cards,\t sometimes\t with\t a\t young\t woman;\t now\t a\t concert\t is given,\t now\t a\t lunch\t or\t supper,\t and\t now\t a\t litde\t ballet\t is\t presented.\t Widi\t a\t very happy\t effect,\t die\t freedom\t of\t nature\t is\t everywhere\t united\t widi\t die\t pleasures\t of die\tbeau\tmonde,\tand\tif\tthe\tdoctor\tis\tnot\table\tto\theal\tany\tdiseases,\the\tcan\tat\tleast cure\thypochondria\tand\tdie\tvapors.\u201d\tInterpretation Schiippach\t had\t begun\t his\t career\t as\t an\t ordinary\t village\t doctor.\t He\t would sometimes\t use\t in\t his\t practice\t some\t of\t the\t village\t remedies\t he\t had\t grown\t up with,\tand\tapparendy\the\tnoticed\tsome\tresults,\tfor\tsoon\tdiese\therbal\ttinctures\tand natural\t forms\t of\t healing\t became\t his\t specialty.\t And\t in\t fact\t his\t natural\t form\t of healing\t did\t have\t profound\t psychological\t effects\t on\t his\t patients.\t Where\t die normal\t drugs\t of\t the\t time\t created\t fear\t and\t pain,\t Schiip-pach's\t treatments\t were comfortable\tand\tsoothing.\tThe\tresulting\timprovement\tin\tdie\tpatient's\tmood\twas a\tcritical\telement\tin\tthe\tcures\the\tbrought\tabout.\tHis\tpatients\tbelieved\tso\tdeeply in\t his\t skills\t that\t they\t willed\t diem-selves\t into\t health.\t Instead\t of\t scoffing\t at\t their irrational\texplanations\tfor\ttheir\tailments,\tSchiippach\tused\ttheir\thypochondria\tto make\tit\tseem\tthat\the\thad\teffected\ta\tgreat\tcure. The\tcase\tof\tdie\tMountain\tDoctor\tteaches\tus\tvaluable\tlessons\tin\tdie\tcreation of\t a\t cultiike\t following.\t First,\t you\t must\t find\t a\t way\t to\t engage\t people's\t will,\t to make\t dieir\t belief\t in\t your\t powers\t strong\t enough\t that\t they\t imagine\t all\t sorts\t of benefits.\t Their\t belief\t will\t have\t a\t self-fulfilling\t quality,\t but\t you\t must\t make\t sure that\t it\t is\t you,\t rather\t than\t dieir\t own\t will,\t who\t is\t seen\t as\t the\t agent\t of transformation.\t Find\t die\t belief,\t cause,\t or\t fantasy\t that\t will\t make\t diem\t believe widi\t a\t passion\t and\t tiiey\t will\t imagine\t die\t rest,\t worshipping\t you\t as\t healer, prophet,\tgenius,\twhatever\tyou\tlike. Second,\tSchiippach\tteaches\tus\tthe\teverlasting\tpower\tof\tbelief\tin\tnature,\tand in\t simplicity.\t Nature,\t in\t reality,\t is\t full\t of\t much\t tiiat\t is\t terrifying\t poisonous plants,\tfierce\tanimals,\tsudden\tdisasters,\tplagues.\tBelief\tin\tdie healing,\t comforting\t quality\t of\t nature\t is\t really\t a\t constructed\t myth,\t a","romanticism.\t But\t the\t appeal\t to\t nature\t can\t bring\t you\t great\t power,\t especially\t in complicated\tand\tstressful\ttimes. This\t appeal,\t however,\t must\t be\t handled\t right.\t Devise\t a\t kind\t of\t theater\t of nature\t in\t which\t you,\t as\t the\t director,\t pick\t and\t choose\t the\t qualities\t that\t fit\t the romanticism\t of\t the\t times.\t The\t Mountain\t Doctor\t played\t the\t part\t to\t perfection, playing\t up\t his\t homespun\t wisdom\t and\t wit,\t and\t staging\t his\t cures\t as\t dramatic pieces.\tHe\tdid\tnot\tmake\thimself\tone\twith\tnature;\tinstead\the\tmolded\tnature\tinto\ta cult,\t an\t artificial\t construction.\t To\t create\t a\t \u201cnatural\u201d\t effect\t you\t actually\t have\t to work\t hard,\t making\t nature\t theatrical\t and\t delightfully\t pagan.\t Otherwise\t no\t one will\tnotice.\tNature\ttoo\tmust\tfollow\ttrends\tand\tbe\tprogressive. Observance\tIII In\t1788,\tat\tthe\tage\tof\tfifty-five,\tthe\tdoctor\tand\tscientist\tFranz\tMesmer\twas\tat a\t crossroads.\t He\t was\t a\t pioneer\t in\t the\t study\t of\t animal\t magnetismthe\t belief\t that animals\t contain\t magnetic\t matter,\t and\t that\t a\t doctor\t or\t specialist\t can\t effect miraculous\t cures\t by\t working\t on\t this\t charged\t substancebut\t in\t Vienna,\t where\t he lived,\t his\t theories\t had\t met\t with\t scorn\t and\t ridicule\t from\t the\t medical establishment.\t In\t treating\t women\t for\t convulsions,\t Mesmer\t claimed\t to\t have worked\t a\t number\t of\t cures,\t his\t proudest\t achievement\t being\t the\t restoration\t of sight\t to\t a\t blind\t girl.\t But\t another\t doctor\t who\t examined\t the\t young\t girl\t said\t she was\t as\t blind\t as\t ever,\t an\t assessment\t with\t which\t she\t herself\t agreed.\t Mesmer countered\tthat\this\tenemies\twere\tout\tto\tslander\thim\tby\twinning\ther\tover\tto\ttheir side.\tThis\tclaim\tonly\telicited\tmore\tridicule.\tClearly\tthe\tsober-minded\tViennese were\tthe\twrong\taudience\tfor\this\ttheories,\tand\tso\the\tdecided\tto\tmove\tto\tParis\tand start\tagain. Renting\t a\t splendid\t apartment\t in\t his\t new\t city,\t Mesmer\t decorated\t it appropriately.\t Stained\t glass\t in\t most\t of\t the\t windows\t created\t a\t religious\t feeling, and\t mirrors\t on\t all\t the\t walls\t produced\t an\t hypnotic\t effect.\t The\t doctor\t advertised that\t in\t his\t apartment\t he\t would\t give\t demonstrations\t of\t the\t powers\t of\t animal magnetism,\t inviting\t the\t diseased\t and\t melancholic\t to\t feel\t its\t powers.\t Soon Parisians\t of\t all\t classes\t (but\t mostiy\t women,\t who\t seemed\t more\t attracted\t to\t the idea\t than\t men\t did)\t were\t paying\t for\t entry\t to\t witness\t the\t miracles\t that\t Mesmer promised. Inside\tthe\tapartment,\tthe\tscents\tof\torange\tblossom\tand\texotic\tincense\twafted through\t special\t vents.\t As\t the\t initiates\t filtered\t into\t the\t salon\t where\t the demonstrations\t took\t place,\t they\t heard\t harp\t music\t and\t the\t lulling\t sounds\t of\t a female\tvocalist\tcoming\tfrom\tanother\troom.\tIn\tthe\tcenter\tof\tthe\tsalon\twas\ta\tlong oval\t container\t filled\t with\t water\t that\t Mesmer\t claimed\t had\t been\t magnetized. From\t holes\t in\t the\t container's\t metal\t lid\t protruded\t long\t movable\t iron\t rods.\t The visitors\twere\tinstructed\tto\tsit\taround\tthe\tcontainer,\tplace\tthese\tmagnetized\trods","on\t the\t body\t part\t that\t gave\t them\t pains\t or\t problems,\t and\t then\t hold\t hands\t with their\t neighbors,\t sitting\t as\t close\t as\t possible\t to\t one\t another\t to\t help\t the\t magnetic force\t pass\t between\t their\t bodies.\t Sometimes,\t too,\t they\t were\t attached\t to\t each other\tby\tcords. Mesmer\twould\tleave\tthe\troom,\tand\t\u201cassistant\tmagnetizers\u201dall\thand- In\tthe\ttown\tof\tTarnopol\tlived\ta\tman\tby\tthe\tname\tof\tReb\tFeivel.\tOne\tday,\tas he\tsat\tin\this\thouse\tdeeply\tabsorbed\tin\this\tTalmud,\the\theard\ta\tloud\tnoise\toutside. When\the\twent\tto\tthe\twindow\the\tsaw\ta\tlot\tof\tlittle\tpranksters.\t\u201cUp\tto\tsome\tnew piece\tof\tmischief,\tno\tdoubt,\u201d\the\tthought. \u201cChildren,\t run\t quickly\t to\t the\t synagogue,\u201d\t he\t cried,\t leaning\t out\t and improvising\tthe\tfirst\tstory\tthat\toccurred\tto\thim.\t\u201c\tYou\t'II\tsee\tthere\ta\tsea\tmonster, and\twhat\ta\tmonster!\tIt's\ta\tcreature\twith\tfive\tfeet,\tthree\teyes,\tand\ta\tbeard\tlike\tthat of\ta\tgoat,\tonly\tit's\tgreen!\u201d And\t sure\t enough\t the\t children\t scampered\t off\t and\t Reb\t Feivel\t returned\t to\t his studies.\t He\t smiled\t into\t his\t beard\t as\t he\t thought\t of\t the\t trick\t he\t had\t played\t on those\tlittle\trascals.\tIt\twasn\t't\tlong\tbefore\this\tstudies\twere\tinterrupted\tagain,\tthis time\t by\t running\t footsteps.\t When\t he\t went\t to\t the\t window\t he\t saw\t several\t Jews running.\t\u201cWhere\tare\tyou\trunning\u201d\the\tcalled\tout. \u201cTo\t the\t synagogue!\u201d\t answered\t the\t Jews.\t \u201cHaven'tyou\t heard\t There's\t a\t sea monster,\t there's\t a\t creature\t with\t five\t legs,\t three\t eyes,\t and\t a\t beard\t like\t that\t of\t a goat,\tonly\tit's\tgreen!\u201d\tReb\tFeivel\tlaughed\twith\tglee,\tthinking\tof\tthe\ttrick\the\thad played, and\t sat\t down\t again\t to\t his\t Talmud.\t But\t no\t sooner\t had\t he\t begun\t to concentrate\twhen\tsuddenly\the\theard\ta\tdinning\ttumult\toutside.\tAnd\twhat\tdid\the see\t A\t great\t crowd\t of\t men,\t women\t and\t children,\t all\t running\t toward\t the synagogue.\t\u201cWhat's\tup\u201d\the\tcried,\tsticking\this\thead\tout\tof\tthe\twindow.\t\u201c\tWhat\ta question!\tWhy,\tdon't\tyou\tknow\u201d\tthey\tanswered.\t\u201cRight\tin\tfront\tof\tthe\tsynagogue there\t's\ta\tsea\tmonster.\tIt's\ta\tcreature\twith\tfive\tlegs,\tthree\teyes,\tand\ta\tbeard\tlike that\t of\t a\t goat,\t only\t it's\t green!\u201d\t And\t as\t the\t crowd\t hurried\t by,\t Reb\t Feivel suddenly\t noticed\t that\t the\t rabbi\t himself\t was\t among\t them.\t \u201cLord\t of\t the\t world!\u201d he\t exclaimed.\t \u201cIf\t the\t rabbi\t himself\t is\t running\t with\t them\t surely\t there\t must\t be something\thappening.\tWhere\tthere's\tsmoke\tthere's\tfire!\u201d\tWithout\tfurther\tthought Reb\t Feivel\t grabbed\t his\t hat,\t left\t his\t house,\t and\t also\t began\t running.\t \u201cWho\t can tell\u201d\the\tmuttered\tto\thimself\tas\the\tran,\tall\tout\tof\tbreath,\ttoward\tthe\tsynagogue. a\ttreasury\tof jewish\tfolklore, some\t and\t strapping\t young\t menwould\t enter\t with\t jars\t of\t magnetized\t water that\t they\t would\t sprinkle\t on\t the\t patients,\t rubbing\t the\t healing\t fluid\t on\t their bodies,\tmassaging\tit\tinto\ttheir\tskin,\tmoving\tthem\ttoward\ta\ttrancelike\tstate.\tAnd","after\ta\tfew\tminutes\ta\tkind\tof\tdelirium\twould\tovercome\tthe\twomen.\tSome\twould sob,\t some\t would\t shriek\t and\t tear\t their\t hair,\t others\t would\t laugh\t hysterically.\t At the\theight\tof\tthe\tdelirium\tMesmer\twould\treenter\tthe\tsalon,\tdressed\tin\ta\tflowing silk\t robe\t embroidered\t with\t golden\t flowers\t and\t carrying\t a\t white\t magnetic\t rod. Moving\taround\tthe\tcontainer,\the\twould\tstroke\tand\tsoothe\tthe\tpatients\tuntil\tcalm was\t restored.\t Many\t women\t would\t later\t attribute\t the\t strange\t power\t he\t had\t on them\t to\t his\t piercing\t look,\t which,\t they\t thought,\t was\t exciting\t or\t quieting\t the magnetic\tfluids\tin\ttheir\tbodies. Within\t months\t of\t his\t arrival\t in\t Paris,\t Mesmer\t became\t the\t rage.\t His supporters\tincluded\tMarie-Antoinette\therself,\tthe\tqueen\tof\tFrance,\twife\tof\tLouis XVI.\tAs\tin\tVienna,\the\twas\tcondemned\tby\tthe\tofficial\tfaculty\tof\tmedicine,\tbut\tit did\t not\t matter.\t His\t growing\t following\t of\t pupils\t and\t patients\t paid\t him handsomely. Mesmer\t expanded\t his\t theories\t to\t proclaim\t that\t all\t humanity\t could\t be brought\t into\t harmony\t through\t the\t power\t of\t magnetism,\t a\t concept\t with\t much appeal\t during\t the\t French\t Revolution.\t A\t cult\t of\t Mesmerism\t spread\t across\t the country;\t in\t many\t towns,\t \u201cSocieties\t of\t Harmony\u201d\t sprang\t up\t to\t experiment\t with magnetism.\tThese\tsocieties\teventually\tbecame\tnotorious:\tThey\ttended\tto\tbe\tled by\tlibertines\twho\twould\tturn\ttheir\tsessions\tinto\ta\tkind\tof\tgroup\torgy. At\t the\t height\t of\t Mesmer's\t popularity,\t a\t French\t commission\t published\t a report\tbased\ton\tyears\tof\ttesting\tthe\ttheory\tof\tanimal\tmagnetism.\tThe\tconclusion: Magnetism's\teffects\ton\tthe\tbody\tactually\tcame\tfrom\ta\tkind\tof\tgroup\thysteria\tand autosuggestion.\t The\t report\t was\t well\t documented,\t and\t ruined\t Mesmer's reputation\t in\t France.\t He\t left\t the\t country\t and\t went\t into\t retirement.\t Only\t a\t few years\t later,\t however,\t imitators\t sprang\t up\t all\t over\t Europe\t and\t the\t cult\t of Mesmerism\t spread\t once\t again,\t its\t believers\t more\t numerous\t than\t ever. Interpretation Mesmer's\t career\t can\t be\t broken\t into\t two\t parts.\t When\t still\t in\t Vienna,\t he clearly\tbelieved\tin\tthe\tvalidity\tof\this\ttheory,\tand\tdid\tall\the\tcould\tto\tprove\tit.\tBut his\t growing\t frustration\t and\t the\t disapproval\t of\t his\t colleagues\t made\t him\t adopt another\tstrategy.\tFirst\the\tmoved\tto\tParis,\twhere\tno\tone\tknew\thim,\tand\twhere\this extravagant\t theories\t found\t a\t more\t fruitful\t soil.\t Then\t he\t appealed\t to\t the\t French love\tof\ttheater\tand\tspectacle,\tmaking\this\tapartment\tinto\ta\tkind\tof\tmagical\tworld in\t which\t a\t sensory\t overload\t of\t smells,\t sights,\t and\t sounds\t entranced\t his customers.\t Most\t important,\t from\t now\t on\t he\t practiced\t his\t magnetism\t only\t on\t a group.\t The\t group\t provided\t the\t setting\t in\t which\t the\t magnetism\t would\t have\t its proper\t effect,\t one\t believer\t infecting\t the\t other,\t overwhelming\t any\t individual doubter. Mesmer\t thus\t passed\t from\t being\t a\t confirmed\t advocate\t of\t magnetism\t to\t the","role\tof\ta\tcharlatan\tusing\tevery\ttrick\tin\tthe\tbook\tto\tcaptivate\tthe\tpub- lie.\t The\t biggest\t trick\t of\t all\t was\t to\t play\t on\t the\t repressed\t sexuality\t that bubbles\t under\t the\t surface\t of\t any\t group\t setting.\t In\t a\t group,\t a\t longing\t for\t social unity,\t a\t longing\t older\t than\t civilization,\t cries\t out\t to\t be\t awakened.\t This\t desire may\tbe\tsubsumed\tunder\ta\tunifying\tcause,\tbut\tbeneath\tit\tis\ta\trepressed\tsexuality that\tthe\tcharlatan\tknows\thow\tto\texploit\tand\tmanipulate\tfor\this\town\tpurposes. This\t is\t the\t lesson\t that\t Mesmer\t teaches\t us:\t Our\t tendency\t to\t doubt,\t the distance\t that\t allows\t us\t to\t reason,\t is\t broken\t down\t when\t we\t join\t a\t group.\t The warmth\tand\tinfectiousness\tof\tthe\tgroup\toverwhelm\tthe\tskeptical\tindividual.\tThis is\tthe\tpower\tyou\tgain\tby\tcreating\ta\tcult.\tAlso,\tby\tplaying\ton\tpeople's\trepressed sexuality,\t you\t lead\t them\t into\t mistaking\t their\t excited\t feelings\t for\t signs\t of\t your mystical\t strength.\t You\t gain\t untold\t power\t by\t working\t on\t people's\t unrealized desire\tfor\ta\tkind\tof\tpromiscuous\tand\tpagan\tunity. Remember\t too\t that\t the\t most\t effective\t cults\t mix\t religion\t with\t science.\t Take the\t latest\t technological\t trend\t or\t fad\t and\t blend\t it\t with\t a\t noble\t cause,\t a\t mystical faith,\ta\tnew\tform\tof\thealing.\tPeople's\tinterpretations\tof\tyour\thybrid\tcult\twill\trun rampant,\t and\t they\t will\t attribute\t powers\t to\t you\t that\t you\t had\t never\t even\t thought to\tclaim. Image:\t The\t Magnet.\t An\t unseen\t force\t draws\t objects\t to\t it,\t which\t in\t turn become\t magnetized\t themselves,\t drawing\t other\t pieces\t to\t them,\t the\t magnetic power\tof\ttoe\twhole\tconstantly\tincreasing.\tBut\ttake\taway\tthe\toriginal\tmagnet\tand it\t all\t falls\t apart.\t Become\t the\t magnet,\t the\t invisible\t force\t that\t attracts\t people's imaginations\tand\tholds\tthem\ttogether.\tOnce\tthey\thave\tclustered\taround\tyou,\tno power\tcan\twrest\tthem\taway. Authority:\t The\t charlatan\t achieves\t his\t great\t power\t by\t simply\t opening\t a possibility\t for\t men\t to\t believe\t what\t they\t already\t want\t to\t believe.\t .\t .\t .\t The credulous\t cannot\t keep\t at\t a\t distance;\t they\t crowd\t around\t the\t wonder\t worker, entering\t his\t personal\t aura,\t surrendering\t themselves\t to\t illusion\t with\t a\t heavy solemnity,\tlike\tcattle.\t(Grete\tde\tFrancesco) REVERSAL One\t reason\t to\t create\t a\t following\t is\t that\t a\t group\t is\t often\t easier\t to\t deceive than\t an\t individual,\t and\t turns\t over\t to\t you\t that\t much\t more\t power.\t This\t comes, however,\twith\ta\tdanger:\tIf\tat\tany\tmoment\tthe\tgroup\tsees\tthrough\tyou,\tyou\twill find\tyourself\tfacing\tnot\tone\tdeceived\tsoul\tbut\tan\tangry\tcrowd\tthat\twill\ttear\tyou to\tpieces\tas\tavidly\tas\tit\tonce\tfollowed\tyou.\tThe\tcharlatans\tconstantly\tfaced\tthis danger,\tand\twere\talways\tready\tto\tmove\tout\tof\ttown\tas\tit\tinevitably\tbecame\tclear that\ttheir\telixirs\tdid\tnot\twork\tand\ttheir\tideas\twere\tsham.\tToo\tslow\tand\tthey\tpaid with\t their\t lives.\t In\t playing\t with\t the\t crowd,\t you\t are\t playing\t with\t fire,\t and\t must constantly\t keep\t an\t eye\t out\t for\t any\t sparks\t of\t doubt,\t any\t enemies\t who\t will\t turn","the\t crowd\t against\t you.\t When\t you\t play\t with\t the\t emotions\t of\t a\t crowd,\t you\t have to\tknow\thow\tto\tadapt,\tattuning\tyourself\tinstantaneously\tto\tall\tof\tthe\tmoods\tand desires\t that\t a\t group\t will\t produce.\t Use\t spies,\t be\t on\t top\t of\t everything,\t and\t keep your\tbags\tpacked. For\t this\t reason\t you\t may\t often\t prefer\t to\t deal\t with\t people\t one\t by\t one. Isolating\tthem\tfrom\ttheir\tnormal\tmilieu\tcan\thave\tthe\tsame\teffect\tas\tputting\tthem in\ta\tgroupit\tmakes\tthem\tmore\tprone\tto\tsuggestion\tand\tintimidation.\tChoose\tthe right\tsucker\tand\tif\the\teventually\tsees\tthrough\tyou\the\tmay\tprove\teasier\tto\tescape than\ta\tcrowd.","48\tLaws\tof\tPower LAW\t28 ENTER\tACTION\tWITH\tBOLDNESS JUDGMENT If\t you\t are\t unsure\t of\t a\t course\t of\t action,\t do\t not\t attempt\t it.\t Your\t doubts\t and hesitations\twill\tinfect\tyour\texecution.\tTimidity\tis\tdangerous:\tBetter\tto\tenter\twith boldness.\t Any\t mistakes\t you\t commit\t through\t audacity\t are\t easily\t corrected\t with more\taudacity.\tEveryone\tadmires\tthe\tbold;\tno\tone\thonors\tthe\ttimid. The\t path\t of\t pleasure\t never\t leads\t to\t glory!\t The\t prodigious\t achievements\t of Hercules\t were\t the\t result\t of\t high\t adventure,\t and\t though\t there\t is\t little,\t either\t in fable\t or\t history,\t to\t show\t that\t he\t had\t any\t rivals,\t still\t it\t is\t recorded\t that\t a\t knight errant,\t in\t company\t with\t a\t fellow\t adventurer,\t sought\t his\t fortune\t in\t a\t romantic country.\tHe\thad\tnot\ttraveled\tfar\twhen\this\tcompanion\tobserved\ta\tpost,\ton\twhich was\twritten\tthe\tfollowing\tinscription:\t\u201cBrave\tadventurer,\tif\tyou\thave\ta\tdesire\tto discover\tthat\twhich\thas\tnever\tbeen\tseen\tby\tany\tknight\terrant,\tyou\thave\tonly\tto pass\tthis\ttorrent,\tand\tthen\ttake\tin\tyour\tarms\tan\telephant\tof\tstone\tand\tcarry\tit\tin one\t breath\t to\t the\t summit\t of\t this\t mountain,\t whose\t noble\t head\t seems\t blended with\t the\t sky.\u201d\t \u201cBut,\u201dsaid\t the\t knight's\t companion,\t \u201cthe\t water\t may\t be\t deep\t as well\tas\trapid,\tand\tthough,\tnotwithstanding,\twe\tshould\tpass\tit,\twhy\tshould\twe\tbe encumbered\t with\t the\t elephant\t What\t a\t ridiculous\t undertaking!\u201d\t And philosophically\tand\twith\tnice\tcalculation,\the\tobserved\tthat\tthe\telephant\tmight\tbe carried\tfour\tsteps;\tbut\tfor\tconveying\tit\tto\tthe\ttop\tof\tthe\tmountain\tin\tone\tbreath, that\twas\tnot\tin\tthe\tpower\tof\ta\tmortal,\tunless\tit\tshould BOLDNESS\t AND\t HESITATION:\t A\t Brief\t Psychological\t Comparison Boldness\t and\t hesitation\t elicit\t very\t different\t psychological\t responses\t in\t their targets:\t Hesitation\t puts\t obstacles\t in\t your\t path,\t boldness\t eliminates\t them.\t Once you\tunderstand\tthis,\tyou\twill\tfind\tit\tessential\tto\tovercome\tyour\tnatural\ttimidity and\t practice\t the\t art\t of\t audacity.\t The\t following\t are\t among\t the\t most\t pronounced psychological\teffects\tof\tboldness\tand\ttimidity. The\t Bolder\t the\t Lie\t the\t Better.\t We\t all\t have\t weaknesses,\t and\t our\t efforts\t are never\tperfect.\tBut\tentering\taction\twith\tboldness\thas\tthe\tmagical\teffect\tof\thiding our\tdeficiencies.\tCon\tartists\tknow\tthat\tthe\tbolder\tthe\tlie,\tthe\tmore\tconvincing\tit becomes.\t The\t sheer\t audacity\t of\t the\t story\t makes\t it\t more\t credible,\t distracting attention\t from\t its\t inconsistencies.\t When\t putting\t together\t a\t con\t or\t entering\t any","kind\tof\tnegotiation,\tgo\tfurther\tthan\tyou\tplanned.\tAsk\tfor\tthe\tmoon\tand\tyou\twill be\tsurprised\thow\toften\tyou\tget\tit. Lions\tCircle\tthe\tHesitant\tPrey.\tPeople\thave\ta\tsixth\tsense\tfor\tthe\tweaknesses of\t others.\t If,\t in\t a\t first\t encounter,\t you\t demonstrate\t your\t willingness\t to compromise,\tback\tdown,\tand\tretreat,\tyou\tbring\tout\tthe\tlion\teven\tin\tpeople\twho are\t not\t necessarily\t bloodthirsty.\t Everything\t depends\t on\t perception,\t and\t once you\t are\t seen\t as\t the\t kind\t of\t person\t who\t quickly\t goes\t on\t die\t defensive,\t who\t is willing\tto\tnegotiate\tand\tbe\tamenable,\tyou\twill\tbe\tpushed\taround\twithout\tmercy. Boldness\t Strikes\t Fear;\t Fear\t Creates\t Authority.\t The\t bold\t move\t makes\t you seem\t larger\t and\t more\t powerful\t than\t you\t are.\t If\t it\t comes\t suddenly,\t with\t die stealth\tand\tswiftness\tof\ta\tsnake,\tit\tinspires\tdiat\tmuch\tmore\tfear.\tBy\tintimidating with\t a\t bold\t move,\t you\t establish\t a\t precedent:\t in\t every\t subsequent\t encounter, people\twill\tbe\ton\tthe\tdefensive,\tin\tterror\tof\tyour\tnext\tstrike. Going\tHalfway\twith\tHalf\ta\tHeart\tDigs\tthe\tDeeper\tGrave.\tIf\tyou enter\t an\t action\t with\t less\t than\t total\t confidence,\t you\t set\t up\t obstacles\t in\t your own\tpath.\tWhen\ta\tproblem\tarises\tyou\twill\tgrow\tconfused,\tseeing\toptions\twhere there\t are\t none\t and\t inadvertendy\t creating\t more\t problems\t still.\t Retreating\t from the\thunter,\tthe\ttimid\thare\tscurries\tmore\teasily\tinto\this\tsnares. Hesitation\tCreates\tGaps,\tBoldness\tObliterates\tThem.\tWhen\tyou\ttake\ttime\tto diink,\tto\them\tand\thaw,\tyou\tcreate\ta\tgap\tthat\tallows\tothers\ttime\tto\tthink\tas\twell. Your\ttimidity\tinfects\tpeople\twith\tawkward\tenergy,\telicits\tembarrassment.\tDoubt springs\tup\ton\tall\tsides. Boldness\t destroys\t such\t gaps.\t The\t swiftness\t of\t die\t move\t and\t die\t energy\t of the\t action\t leave\t others\t no\t space\t to\t doubt\t and\t worry.\t In\t seduction,\t hesitation\t is fatalit\t makes\t your\t victim\t conscious\t of\t your\t intentions.\t The\t bold\t move\t crowns seduction\twith\ttriumph:\tIt\tleaves\tno\ttime\tfor\treflection. Audacity\t Separates\t You\t from\t the\t Herd.\t Boldness\t gives\t you\t presence\t and makes\tyou\tseem\tlarger\tthan\tlife.\tThe\ttimid\tfade\tinto\tthe\twallpaper,\tthe bold\tdraw\tattention,\tand\twhat\tdraws\tattention\tdraws\tpower.\tWe\tcannot\tkeep our\teyes\toff\tthe\taudaciouswe\tcannot\twait\tto\tsee\ttheir\tnext\tbold\tmove. OBSERVANCES\tOF\tTHE\tLAW Observance\tI In\tMay\tof\t1925,\tfive\tof\tthe\tmost\tsuccessful\tdealers\tin\tthe\tFrench\tscrap-metal business\t found\t themselves\t invited\t to\t an\t \u201cofficial\u201d\t but\t \u201chighly\t confidential\u201d meeting\twith\tthe\tdeputy\tdirector\tgeneral\tof\tthe\tMinistry\tof\tPost\tand\tTelegraphs at\t the\t Hotel\t Crillon,\t then\t the\t most\t luxurious\t hotel\t in\t Paris.\t When\t the businessmen\tarrived,\tit\twas\tthe\tdirector\tgeneral\thimself,\ta\tMonsieur\tLustig,\twho met\tdiem\tin\ta\tswank\tsuite\ton\tthe\ttop\tfloor. The\tbusinessmen\thad\tno\tidea\twhy\tthey\thad\tbeen\tsummoned\tto\tthis\tmeeting,","and\t they\t were\t bursting\t with\t curiosity.\t After\t drinks,\t the\t director\t explained. \u201cGendemen,\u201d\t he\t said,\t \u201cfhis\t is\t an\t urgent\t matter\t that\t requires\t complete\t secrecy. The\t government\t is\t going\t to\t have\t to\t tear\t down\t the\t Eiffel\t Tower.\u201d\t The\t dealers listened\t in\t stunned\t silence\t as\t the\t director\t explained\t that\t the\t tower,\t as\t recendy reported\tin\tthe\tnews,\tdesperately\tneeded\trepairs.\tIt\thad\toriginally\tbeen\tmeant\tas a\t temporary\t structure\t (for\t the\t Exposition\t of\t 1889),\t its\t maintenance\t costs\t had soared\tover\tthe\tyears,\tand\tnow,\tin\ta\ttime\tof\ta\tfiscal\tcrisis,\tthe\tgovernment\twould have\t to\t spend\t millions\t to\t fix\t it.\t Many\t Parisians\t considered\t the\t Eiffel\t Tower\t an eyesore\tand\twould\tbe\tdelighted\tto\tsee\tit\tgo.\tOver\ttime,\teven\tthe\ttourists\twould forget\t about\t itit\t would\t live\t on\t in\t photographs\t and\t postcards.\t \u201cGendemen,\u201d Lustig\t said,\t \u201cyou\t are\t all\t invited\t to\t make\t the\t government\t an\t offer\t for\t the\t Eiffel Tower.\u201d He\tgave\tthe\tbusinessmen\tsheets\tof\tgovernment\tstationery\tfilled\twith\tfigures, such\t as\t the\t tonnage\t of\t the\t tower's\t metal.\t Their\t eyes\t popped\t as\t they\t calculated how\t much\t tiiey\t could\t make\t from\t the\t scrap.\t Then\t Lustig\t led\t them\t to\t a\t waiting limo,\t which\t brought\t them\t to\t the\t Eiffel\t Tower.\t Flashing\t an\t official\t badge,\t he guided\t mem\t through\t the\t area,\t spicing\t his\t tour\t witii\t amusing\t anecdotes.\t At\t the end\tof\tthe\tvisit\the\tthanked\tthem\tand\tasked\tthem\tto\thave\tfheir\toffers\tdelivered\tto his\tsuite\twithin\tfour\tdays. Several\tdays\tafter\tthe\toffers\twere\tsubmitted,\tone\tof\tthe\tfive,\ta\tMonsieur\tP., received\tnotice\tthat\this\tbid\twas\tthe\twinner,\tand\tdiat\tto\tsecure\tfhe\tsale\the\tshould come\tto\tthe\tsuite\tat\tthe\thotel\twithin\ttwo\tdays,\tbearing\ta\tcertified\tcheck\tfor\tmore than\t 250,000\t francs\t (the\t equivalent\t today\t of\t about\t $1,000,000)a\t quarter\t of\t the toted\t price.\t On\t delivery\t of\t the\t check,\t he\t would\t receive\t the\t documents confirming\this\townership\tof\tthe\tEiffel\tTower.\tMonsieur\tP.\twas\texcitedhe\twould go\t down\t in\t history\t as\t the\t man\t who\t had\t bought\t and\t torn\t down\t the\t infamous landmark.\t But\t by\t the\t time\t he\t arrived\t at\t the\t suite,\t check\t in\t hand,\t he\t was beginning\tto\thave\tdoubts\tabout\tthe\twhole\taffair.\tWhy\tmeet\tin\ta\thotel\tinstead\tof a\tgovernment\tbuilding\tWhy\thadn't\the\theard\tfrom\tother\tofficials\tWas\tdiis\ta\thoax, a\tscam\tAs\the\tlistened\tto\tLustig\tdiscuss\tdie\tarrangements\tfor\tthe\tscrapping\tof\tthe tower,\the\thesitated,\tand\tcontemplated\tbacking\tout. be\tthe\tdwarf\tfigure\tof\tan\telephant,\tfit\tonly\tto\tbe\tplaced\ton\tthe\ttop\tof\ta\tstick; and\t then\t what\t honor\t would\t there\t be\t in\t such\t an\t adventure\t \u201cThere\t is,\u201dsaid\t he, \u201csome\tdeception\tin\tthis\twriting.\tIt\tis\tan\tenigma\tonly\tfit\tto\tamuse\ta\tchild.\tI\tshall therefore\t leave\t you\t and\t your\t elephant.\u201d\t The\t reasoner\t then\t departed;\t but\t the adventurous\tman\trushed\twith\this\teyes\tclosed\tacross\tthe\twater;\tneither\tdepth\tnor violence\t prevented\t him,\t and\t according\t to\t the\t inscription\t he\t saw\t the\t elephant lying\ton\tthe\topposite\tbank.\tHe\ttook\tit\tand\tcarried\tit\tto\tthe\ttop\tof\tthe\thill,\twhere he\t saw\t a\t town.\t A\t shriek\t from\t the\t elephant\t alarmed\t the\t people\t of\t the\t city,\t who","rose\tin\tarms;\tbut\tthe\tadventurer,\tnothing\tdaunted,\twas\tdetermined\tto\tdie\ta\thero. The\tpeople,\thowever,\twere\tawed\tby\this\tpresence,\tand\the\twas\tastonished\tto\thear them\t proclaim\t him\t successor\t to\t their\t king,\t who\t had\t recently\t died.\t Great enterprises\t are\t only\t achieved\t by\t adventurous\t spirits.\t They\t who\t calculate\t with too\tgreat\tnicety\tevery\tdifficulty\tand\tobstacle\twhich\tis\tlikely\tto\tlie\tin\ttheir\tway, lose\tthat\ttime\tin\thesitation,\twhich\tthe\tmore\tdaring\tseize\tand\trender\tavailable\tto the\tloftiest\tpurposes. FABLES, Jean\tde\tLa\tFontaine,\t1621-1695 Always\tset\tto\twork\twithout\tmisgivings\ton\tthe\tscore\tof\timprudence.\tFear\tof failure\t in\t the\t mind\t of\t a\t performer\t is,\t for\t an\t onlooker,\t already\t evidence\t of failure....\tActions\tare\tdangerous\twhen\tthere\tis\tdoubt\tas\tto\ttheir\twisdom;\tit\twould be\tsafer\tto\tdo\tnothing. Baltasar\tGracian,\t1601-1658 In\ta\tlowly\tthatched\tcottage\tin\tthe\tNamsan\tValley\tthere\tlived\ta\tpoor\tcouple, Mr.\t and\t Mrs.\t Huh\t Saeng.\t The\t husband\t confined\t himself\t for\t seven\t years\t and only\t read\t books\t in\t his\t cold\t room....\t One\t day\t his\t wife,\t all\t in\t tears,\t said\t to\t him: \u201cLook\there,\tmy\tgood\tman!\tWhat\tis\tthe\tuse\tof\tall\tyour\tbook\treading\tI\thave\tspent my\tyouth\tin\twashing\tand\tsewing\tfor\tother\tpeople\tand\tyet\tI\thave\tno\tspare\tjacket or\t skirt\t to\t wear\t and\t I\t have\t had\t no\t food\t to\t eat\t during\t the\t past\t three\t days.\t I\t am hungry\t and\t cold.\t I\t can\t stand\t it\t no\t more!\u201d\t ...\t Hearing\t these\t words,\t the\t middle- aged\t scholar\t closed\t his\t book\t ...\t rose\t to\t his\t feet\t and\t ...\t without\t saying\t another word,\the\twent\tout\tof\tdoors.\t.\t.\t.Arriving\tin\tthe\theart\tof\tthe Suddenly,\t however,\t he\t realized\t that\t the\t director\t had\t changed\t his\t tone. Instead\t of\t talking\t about\t the\t tower,\t he\t was\t complaining\t about\t his\t low\t salary, about\this\twife's\tdesire\tfor\ta\tfur\tcoat,\tabout\thow\tgalling\tit\twas\tto\twork\thard\tand be\t unappreciated.\t It\t dawned\t on\t Monsieur\t P.\t that\t this\t high\t government\t official was\t asking\t for\t a\t bribe.\t The\t effect\t on\t him,\t though,\t was\t not\t outrage\t but\t relief. Now\the\twas\tsure\tthat\tLustig\twas\tfor\treal,\tsince\tin\tall\tof\this\tprevious\tencounters with\t French\t bureaucrats,\t they\t had\t inevitably\t asked\t for\t a\t little\t greasing\t of\t the palm.\tHis\tconfidence\trestored,\tMonsieur\tP.\tslipped\tthe\tdirector\tseveral\tthousand francs\t in\t bills,\t then\t handed\t him\t the\t certified\t check.\t In\t return\t he\t received\t the documentation,\t including\t an\t impressive-looking\t bill\t of\t sale.\t He\t left\t the\t hotel, dreaming\tof\tthe\tprofits\tand\tfame\tto\tcome. Over\tthe\tnext\tfew\tdays,\thowever,\tas\tMonsieur\tP.\twaited\tfor\tcorrespondence from\t the\t government,\t he\t began\t to\t realize\t that\t something\t was\t amiss.\t A\t few telephone\t calls\t made\t it\t clear\t that\t there\t was\t no\t deputy\t director\t general\t Lustig, and\tthere\twere\tno\tplans\tto\tdestroy\tthe\tEiffel\tTower:\tHe\thad\tbeen\tbilked\tof\tover 250,000\tfrancs!","Monsieur\t P.\t never\t went\t to\t the\t police.\t He\t knew\t what\t kind\t of\t reputation\t he would\t get\t if\t word\t got\t out\t that\t he\t had\t fallen\t for\t one\t of\t the\t most\t absurdly audacious\t cons\t in\t history.\t Besides\t the\t public\t humiliation,\t it\t would\t have\t been business\tsuicide.\tInterpretation Had\t Count\t Victor\t Lustig,\t con\t artist\t extraordinaire,\t tried\t to\t sell\t the\t Arc\t de Triomphe,\t a\t bridge\t over\t the\t Seine,\t a\t statue\t of\t Balzac,\t no\t one\t would\t have believed\thim.\tBut\tthe\tEiffel\tTower\twas\tjust\ttoo\tlarge,\ttoo\timprobable\tto\tbe\tpart of\ta\tcon\tjob.\tIn\tfact\tit\twas\tso\timprobable\tthat\tLustig\twas\table\tto\treturn\tto\tParis six\t months\t later\t and\t \u201cresell\u201d\t the\t Eiffel\t Tower\t to\t a\t different\t scrap-iron\t dealer, and\tfor\ta\thigher\tpricea\tsum\tin\tfrancs\tequivalent\ttoday\tto\tover\t$1,500,000! Largeness\tof\tscale\tdeceives\tthe\thuman\teye.\tIt\tdistracts\tand\tawes\tus,\tand\tis\tso self-evident\tthat\twe\tcannot\timagine\tthere\tis\tany\tillusion\tor\tdeception\tafoot.\tArm yourself\twith\tbigness\tand\tboldnessstretch\tyour\tdeceptions\tas\tfar\tas\tthey\twill\tgo and\tthen\tgo\tfurther.\tIf\tyou\tsense\tthat\tthe\tsucker\thas\tsuspicions,\tdo\tas\tthe\tintrepid Lustig\tdid:\tInstead\tof\tbacking\tdown,\tor\tlowering\this\tprice,\the\tsimply\traised\this price\t higher,\t by\t asking\t for\tand\t getting\t a\tbribe.\t Asking\tfor\t more\tputs\t the\t other person\t on\t the\t defensive,\t cuts\t out\t the\t nibbling\t effect\t of\t compromise\t and\t doubt, and\toverwhelms\twith\tits\tboldness. Observance\tII On\this\tdeathbed\tin\t1533,\tVasily\tIII,\tthe\tGrand\tDuke\tof\tMoscow\tand\truler\tof a\t semi-united\t Russia,\t proclaimed\t his\t three-year-old\t son,\t Ivan\t IV,\t as\t his successor.\tHe\tappointed\this\tyoung\twife,\tHelena,\tas\tregent\tuntil\tIvan\treached\this majority\tand\tcould\trule\ton\this\town.\tThe\taristocracythe\tbo-yarssecretly\trejoiced: For\tyears\tthe\tdukes\tof\tMoscow\thad\tbeen\ttrying\tto\textend\ttheir\tauthority\tover\tthe boyars'\t turf.\t With\t Vasily\t dead,\t his\t heir\t a\t mere\t three\t years\t old,\t and\t a\t young woman\tin\tcharge\tof\tthe\tdukedom,\tdie boyars\twould\tbe\table\tto\troll\tback\tthe\tdukes'\tgains,\twrest\tcontrol\tof\tthe\tstate, and\thumiliate\tthe\troyal\tfamily. Aware\t of\t these\t dangers,\t young\t Helena\t turned\t to\t her\t trusted\t friend\t Prince Ivan\t Obolensky\t to\t help\t her\t rule.\t But\t after\t five\t years\t as\t regent\t she\t suddenly diedpoisoned\tby\ta\tmember\tof\tthe\tShuisky\tfamily,\tthe\tmost\tfearsome\tboyar\tclan. The\tShuisky\tprinces\tseized\tcontrol\tof\tthe\t government\tand\tthrew\tObolensky\t in prison,\twhere\the\tstarved\tto\tdeath.\tAt\tthe\tage\tof\teight,\tIvan\twas\tnow\ta\tdespised orphan,\t and\t any\t boyar\t or\t family\t member\t who\t took\t an\t interest\t in\t him\t was immediately\tbanished\tor\tkilled. And\tso\tIvan\troamed\tthe\tpalace,\thungry,\till\tclothed,\tand\toften\tin\thiding\tfrom the\t Shuiskys,\t who\t treated\t him\t roughly\t when\t they\t saw\t him.\t On\t some\t days\t they would\tsearch\thim\tout,\tclothe\thim\tin\troyal\trobes,\thand\thim\ta\tscepter,\tand\tset\thim on\t the\t thronea\t kind\t of\t mock\t ritual\t in\t which\t they\t lampooned\t his\t royal","pretensions.\t Then\t they\t would\t shoo\t him\t away.\t One\t evening\t several\t of\t them chased\tthe\tMetropolitanthe\thead\tof\tthe\tRussian\tchurchthrough\tthe\tpalace,\tand\the sought\trefuge\tin\tIvan's\troom;\tthe\tboy\twatched\tin\thorror\tas\tthe\tShuiskys\tentered, hurled\tinsults,\tand\tbeat\tthe\tMetropolitan\tmercilessly. Ivan\t had\t one\t friend\t in\t the\t palace,\t a\t boyar\t named\t Vorontsov\t who\t consoled and\t advised\t him.\t One\t day,\t however,\t as\t he,\t Vorontsov,\t and\t the\t newest Metropolitan\tconferred\tin\tthe\tpalace\trefectory,\tseveral\tShuiskys\tburst\tin,\tbeat\tup Vorontsov,\t and\t insulted\t the\t Metropolitan\t by\t tearing\t and\t treading\t on\t his\t robes. Then\tthey\tbanished\tVorontsov\tfrom\tMoscow. Throughout\tall\tthis\tIvan\tmaintained\ta\tstrict\tsilence.\tTo\tthe\tboyars\tit\tseemed that\t their\t plan\t had\t worked:\t The\t young\t man\t had\t turned\t into\t a\t terrified\t and obedient\t idiot.\t They\t could\t ignore\t him\t now,\t even\t leave\t him\t alone.\t But\t on\t the evening\tof\tDecember\t29,\t1543,\tIvan,\tnow\tthirteen,\tasked\tPrince\tAndrei\tShuisky to\t come\t to\t his\t room.\t When\t the\t prince\t arrived,\t the\t room\t was\t filled\t with\t palace guards.\t Young\t Ivan\t then\t pointed\t his\t finger\t at\t Andrei\t and\t ordered\t the\t guards\t to arrest\thim,\thave\thim\tkilled,\tand\tthrow\this\tbody\tto\tthe\tbloodhounds\tin\tthe\troyal kennel.\tOver\tthe\tnext\tfew\tdays\tIvan\thad\tall\tof\tAndrei's\tclose\tassociates\tarrested and\tbanished.\tCaught\toff-guard\tby\this\tsudden\tboldness,\tthe\tboyars\tnow\tstood\tin mortal\t terror\t of\t this\t youth,\t the\t future\t Ivan\t the\t Terrible,\t who\t had\t planned\t and waited\tfor\tfive\tyears\tto\texecute\tthis\tone\tswift\tand\tbold\tact\tthat\twould\tsecure\this power\tfor\tdecades\tto\tcome.\tInterpretation The\t world\t is\t full\t of\t boyarsmen\t who\t despise\t you,\t fear\t your\t ambition,\t and jealously\t guard\t their\t shrinking\t realms\t of\t power.\t You\t need\t to\t establish\t your authority\t and\t gain\t respect,\t but\t the\t moment\t the\t boyars\t sense\t your\t growing boldness,\tthey\twill\tact\tto\tthwart\tyou.\tThis\tis\thow\tIvan\tmet\tsuch\ta\tsituation:\tHe lay\tlow,\tshowing\tneither\tambition\tnor\tdiscontent.\tHe\twaited,\tand\twhen\tthe\ttime came\the\tbrought\tthe\tpalace\tguards\tover\tto\this\tside.\tThe\tguards\thad\tcome\tto\thate the\tcruel\tShuiskys.\tOnce\tthey\tagreed\tto\tIvan's\tplan,\the\tstruck\twith\tthe\tswiftness of\ta\tsnake,\tpointing\this\tfinger\tat\tShuisky\tand\tgiving\thim\tno\ttime\tto\treact. Negotiate\twith\ta\tboyar\tand\tyou\tcreate\topportunities\tfor\thim.\tA\tsmall city,\t he\t stopped\t a\t passing\t gentleman.\t \u201cHello,\t my\t friend!\t Who\t is\t the\t richest man\tin\ttown\u201d\t\u201cPoor\tcountryman!\tDon't\tyou\tknow\tBydn-ssi,\tthe\tmillionaire\tHis glittering\t tile-roofed\t house\t pierced\t by\t twelve\t gates\t is\t just\t over\t there.\u201d\t Huh Saeng\t bent\t his\t steps\t to\t the\t rich\t man's\t house.\t Having\t entered\t the\t big\t gate,\t he flung\tthe\tguest-room\tdoor\topen\tand\taddressed\tthe\thost:\t\u201cI\tneed\t10,000\tyang\tfor capital\t for\t my\t commercial\t business\t and\t I\t want\t you\t to\t lend\t me\t the\t money.\u201d \u201cAlright,\tsir.\tWhere\tshall\tI\tsend\tthe\tmoney\u201d \u201cTo\tthe\tAnsdng\tMarket\tin\tcare\tof\ta\tcommission\tmerchant.\u201d\t\u201c\tVery\twell,\tsir. I\t will\t draw\t on\t Kim,\t who\t does\t the\t biggest\t commission\t business\t in\t the\t Ansdng","Market.\tYou\t'II\tget\tthe\tmoney\tthere.\u201d \u201cGood-bye,\tsir.\u201d\tWhen\tHuh\tSaeng\twas\tgone,\tall\tthe\tother\tguests\tin\tthe\troom asked\t Bydn-ssi\t why\t he\t gave\t so\t much\t money\t to\t a\t beggarlike\t stranger\t whose family\t name\t was\t unknown\t to\t him.\t But\t the\t rich\t man\t replied\t with\t a\t triumphant face:\t \\\"Even\t though\t he\t was\t in\t ragged\t clothes,\t he\t spoke\t clearly\t to\t the\t point without\t betraying\t shame\t or\t inferiority,\t unlike\t common\t people\t who\t want\t to borrow\tmoney\tfor\ta\tbad\tdebt.\tSuch\ta\tman\tas\the\tis\teither\tmad\tor\tself-confident\tin doing\tbusiness.\tBut\tjudging\tfrom\this\tdauntless\teyes\tand\tbooming\tvoice\the is\tan\tuncommon\tman with\ta\tsuperhuman brain,\tworthy\tof\tmy trust,\tI\tknow\tmoney and\tI\tknow\tmen. Money\toften\tmakes\ta man\tsmall,\tbut\ta\tman like\thim\tmakes\tbig money.\tI\tam\tonly\tglad to\thave\thelped\ta\tbig man\tdo\tbig\tbusiness.\\\" BEHIND\tTHE\tSCENES OF\tROYAl.\tPALACES IN\tKOREA, Ha\tTae-hung,\t1983 Fear,\twhich\talways\tmagnifies\tobjects,\tgives\ta\tbody\tto\tall\ttheir\tfancies,\twhich takes\tfor\tits\tform\twhatever\tthey\tconceive\tto\texist\tin\ttheir\tenemies'\tthoughts;\tso that\t fearful\t persons\t seldom\t fail\t to\t fall\t into\t real\t inconveniences,\t occasioned\t by imaginary\t dangers....\t And\t the\t duke,\t whose\t predominant\t character\t was\t to\t be always\t full\t of\t fear\t and\t of\t distrust,\t was,\t of\t all\t men\t I\t have\t ever\t seen,\t the\t most capable\tof\tfalling\tinto\tfalse\tsteps,\tby\tthe\tdread\the\thad\tof\tfalling\tinto\tthem;\tbeing in\tthat\tlike\tunto\thares. Cardinal\tde\tRetz,\t1613-1679 compromise\t becomes\t the\t toehold\t he\t needs\t to\t tear\t you\t apart.\t The\t sudden bold\tmove,\twithout\tdiscussion\tor\twarning,\tobliterates\tthese\ttoeholds,\tand\tbuilds your\tauthority.\tYou\tterrify\tdoubters\tand\tdespisers\tand\tgain\tthe\tconfidence\tof\tthe many\twho\tadmire\tand\tglorify\tthose\twho\tact\tboldly. Observance\tIII In\t 1514\t the\t twenty-two-year-old\t Pietro\t Aretino\t was\t working\t as\t a\t lowly assistant\tscullion\tto\ta\twealthy\tRoman\tfamily.\tHe\thad\tambitions\tof\tgreatness\tas\ta writer,\tto\tenflame\tthe\tworld\twith\this\tname,\tbut\thow\tcould\ta\tmere\tlackey\thope\tto","realize\tsuch\tdreams That\t year\t Pope\t Leo\t X\t received\t from\t the\t king\t of\t Portugal\t an\t embassy\t that included\t many\t gifts,\t most\t prominent\t among\t them\t a\t great\t elephant,\t the\t first\t in Rome\t since\t imperial\t times.\t The\t pontiff\t adored\t this\t elephant\t and\t showered\t it with\t attention\t and\t gifts.\t But\t despite\t his\t love\t and\t care,\t the\t elephant,\t which\t was called\t Hanno,\t became\t deathly\t ill.\t The\t pope\t summoned\t doctors,\t who administered\ta\tfive-hundred-pound\tpurgative\tto\tthe\telephant,\tbut\tall\tto\tno\tavail. The\t animal\t died\t and\t the\t pope\t went\t into\t mourning.\t To\t console\t himself\t he summoned\t the\t great\t painter\t Raphael\t and\t ordered\t him\t to\t create\t a\t life-sized painting\t of\t Hanno\t above\t the\t animal's\t tomb,\t bearing\t the\t inscription,\t \u201cWhat nature\ttook\taway,\tRaphael\thas\twith\this\tart\trestored.\u201d Over\tthe\tnext\tfew\tdays,\ta\tpamphlet\tcirculated\tthroughout\tRome\tthat\tcaused great\t merriment\t and\t laughter.\t Entitled\t \u201cThe\t Last\t Will\t and\t Testament\t of\t the Elephant\t Hanno,\u201d\t it\t read,\t in\t part,\t \u201cTo\t my\t heir\t the\t Cardinal\t Santa\t Croce,\t I\t give my\tknees,\tso\tthat\the\tcan\timitate\tmy\tgenuflections.\t...\tTo\tmy\their\tCardinal\tSand Quattro,\t I\t give\t my\t jaws,\t so\t that\t he\t can\t more\t readily\t devour\t all\t of\t Christ's revenues.\t ...\t To\t my\t heir\t Cardinal\t Medici,\t I\t give\t my\t ears,\t so\t that\t he\t can\t hear everyone's\tdoings.\t.\t.\t.\u201d\tTo\tCardinal\tGrassi,\twho\thad\ta\treputation\tfor\tlechery,\tthe elephant\tbequeathed\tthe\tappropriate,\toversized\tpart\tof\this\town\tanatomy. On\t and\t on\t the\t anonymous\t pamphlet\t went,\t sparing\t none\t of\t the\t great\t in Rome,\t not\t even\t the\t pope.\t With\t each\t one\t it\t took\t aim\t at\t their\t best-known weakness.\tThe\tpamphlet\tended\twith\tverse,\t\u201cSee\tto\tit\tthat\tAretino\tis\tyour\tfriend\t\/ For\the\tis\ta\tbad\tenemy\tto\thave.\t\/\tHis\twords\talone\tcould\truin\tthe\thigh\tpope\t\/\tSo God\tguard\teveryone\tfrom\this\ttongue.\u201d\tInterpretation With\t one\t short\t pamphlet,\t Aretino,\t son\t of\t a\t poor\t shoemaker\t and\t a\t servant himself,\t hurled\t himself\t to\t fame.\t Everyone\t in\t Rome\t rushed\t to\t find\t out\t who\t this daring\tyoung\tman\twas.\tEven\tthe\tpope,\tamused\tby\this\taudacity,\tsought\thim\tout and\tended\tup\tgiving\thim\ta\tjob\tin\tthe\tpapal\tservice.\tOver\tthe\tyears\the\tcame\tto\tbe known\tas\tthe\t\u201cScourge\tof\tPrinces,\u201d\tand\this\tbiting\ttongue\tearned\thim\tthe\trespect and\tfear\tof\tthe\tgreat,\tfrom\tthe\tking\tof\tFrance\tto\tthe\tHapsburg\temperor. The\tAretino\tstrategy\tis\tsimple:\tWhen\tyou\tare\tas\tsmall\tand\tobscure\tas\tDavid was,\tyou\tmust\tfind\ta\tGoliath\tto\tattack.\tThe\tlarger\tthe\ttarget,\tthe\tmore\tattention you\tgain.\tThe\tbolder\tthe\tattack,\tthe\tmore\tyou\tstand\tout from\t the\t crowd,\t and\t the\t more\t admiration\t you\t earn.\t Society\t is\t full\t of\t those who\t think\t daring\t thoughts\t but\t lack\t the\t guts\t to\t print\t and\t publicize\t them.\t Voice what\tthe\tpublic\tfeelsthe\texpression\tof\tshared\tfeelings\tis\talways\tpowerful.\tSearch out\t the\t most\t prominent\t target\t possible\t and\t sling\t your\t boldest\t shot.\t The\t world will\t enjoy\t the\t spectacle,\t and\t will\t honor\t the\t underdogyou,\t that\t iswith\t glory\t and power.","KEYS\tTO\tPOWER Most\tof\tus\tare\ttimid.\tWe\twant\tto\tavoid\ttension\tand\tconflict\tand\twe\twant\tto be\tliked\tby\tall.\tWe\tmay\tcontemplate\ta\tbold\taction\tbut\twe\trarely\tbring\tit\tto\tlife. We\t are\t terrified\t of\t the\t consequences,\t of\t what\t others\t might\t think\t of\t us,\t of\t the hostility\twe\twill\tstir\tup\tif\twe\tdare\tgo\tbeyond\tour\tusual\tplace. Although\t we\t may\t disguise\t our\t timidity\t as\t a\t concern\t for\t others,\t a\t desire\t not to\t hurt\t or\t offend\t them,\t in\t fact\t it\t is\t the\t oppositewe\t are\t really\t self-absorbed, worried\t about\t ourselves\t and\t how\t others\t perceive\t us.\t Boldness,\t on\t the\t other hand,\tis\touter-directed,\tand\toften\tmakes\tpeople\tfeel\tmore\tat\tease,\tsince\tit\tis\tless self-conscious\tand\tless\trepressed. This\t can\t be\t seen\t most\t clearly\t in\t seduction.\t All\t great\t seducers\t succeed through\teffrontery.\tCasanova's\tboldness\twas\tnot\trevealed\tin\ta\tdaring\tapproach\tto the\t woman\t he\t desired,\t or\t in\t intrepid\t words\t to\t flatter\t her;\t it\t consisted\t in\t his ability\tto\tsurrender\thimself\tto\ther\tcompletely\tand\tto\tmake\ther\tbelieve\the\twould do\t anything\t for\t her,\t even\t risk\t his\t life,\t which\t in\t fact\t he\t sometimes\t did.\t The woman\ton\twhom\the\tlavished\tthis\tattention\tunderstood\tthat\the\theld\tnothing\tback from\t her.\t This\t was\t infinitely\t more\t flattering\t than\t compliments.\t At\t no\t point during\t the\t seduction\t would\t he\t show\t hesitation\t or\t doubt,\t simply\t because\t he never\tfelt\tit. Part\t of\t the\t charm\t of\t being\t seduced\t is\t that\t it\t makes\t us\t feel\t engulfed, temporarily\t outside\t of\t ourselves\t and\t the\t usual\t doubts\t that\t permeate\t our\t lives. The\t moment\t the\t seducer\t hesitates,\t the\t charm\t is\t broken,\t because\t we\t become aware\t of\t the\t process,\t of\t their\t deliberate\t effort\t to\t seduce\t us,\t of\t their\t self- consciousness.\tBoldness\tdirects\tattention\toutward\tand\tkeeps\tthe\tillusion\talive.\tIt never\tinduces\tawkwardness\tor\tembarrassment.\tAnd\tso\twe\tadmire\tthe\tbold,\tand prefer\t to\t be\t around\t them,\t because\t their\t self-confidence\t infects\t us\t and\t draws\t us outside\tour\town\trealm\tof\tinwardness\tand\treflection. Few\t are\t born\t bold.\t Even\t Napoleon\t had\t to\t cultivate\t the\t habit\t on\t the battlefield,\twhere\the\tknew\tit\twas\ta\tmatter\tof\tlife\tand\tdeath.\tIn\tsocial\tsettings\the was\t awkward\t and\t timid,\t but\t he\t overcame\t this\t and\t practiced\t boldness\t in\t every part\t of\t his\t life\t because\t he\t saw\t its\t tremendous\t power,\t how\t it\t could\t literally enlarge\ta\tman\t(even\tone\twho,\tlike\tNapoleon,\twas\tin\tfact\tconspicuously\tsmall). We\t also\t see\t this\t change\t in\t Ivan\t the\t Terrible:\t A\t harmless\t boy\t suddenly transforms\thimself\tinto\ta\tpowerful\tyoung\tman\twho\tcommands\tauthority,\tsimply by\tpointing\ta\tfinger\tand\ttaking\tbold\taction. You\tmust\tpractice\tand\tdevelop\tyour\tboldness.\tYou\twill\toften\tfind\tuses\tfor\tit. The\tbest\tplace\tto\tbegin\tis\toften\tthe\tdelicate\tworld\tof\tnegotiation,\tpar- THE\tBOY\tAND\tTHE\tNETTLE A\tboy\tplaying\tin\tthe\tfields\tgot\tstung\tby\ta\tnettle.\tHe\tran\thome\tto\this\tmother,","telling\ther\tthat\the\thad\tbut\ttouched\tthat\tnasty\tweed,\tand\tit\thad\tstung\thim.\t\u201cIt\twas just\tyour\ttouching\tit,\tmy\tboy,\u201d\tsaid\tthe\tmother,\t\u201cthat\tcaused\tit\tto\tsting\tyou;\tthe next\ttime\tyou\tmeddle\twith\ta\tnettle,\tgrasp\tit\ttightly,\tand\tit\twill\tdo\tyou\tno\thurt.\u201d Do\tboldly\twhat\tyou\tdo\tat\tall. FABLES, Aesop, sixth\tcentury\tb.c. HOW\tTO\tBE\tVICTORIOUS\tIN\tLOVE But\twith\tthose\twho\thave\tmade\tan\timpression\tupon\tyour\theart,\tI\thave\tnoticed that\t you\t are\t timid.\t This\t quality\t might\t affect\t a\t bour-geoise,\t but\t you\t must\t attack the\theart\tof\ta\twoman\tof\tthe\tworld\twith\tother\tweapons....\tI\ttell\tyou\ton\tbehalf\tof women:\tthere\tis\tnot\tone\tof\tus\twho\tdoes\tnot\tprefer\ta\tlittle\trough\thandling\tto\ttoo much\tconsideration.\tMen\tlose\tthrough\tblundering\tmore\thearts\tthan\tvirtue\tsaves. The\tmore\ttimidity\ta\tlover\tshows\twith\tus\tthe\tmore\tit\tconcerns\tour\tpride\tto\tgoad him\ton;\tthe\tmore\trespect\the\thas\tfor\tour resistance,\t the\t more\t respect\t we\t demand\t of\t him.\t We\t would\t willingly\t say\t to you\tmen:\t\u201cAh,\tin\tpity's\tname\tdo\tnot\tsuppose\tus\tto\tbe\tso\tvery\tvirtuous;\tyou\tare forcing\t us\t to\t have\t too\t much\t of\t it.\t ...\u201d\t We\t are\t continually\t struggling\t to\t hide\t the fact\tthat\twe\thave\tpermitted\tourselves\tto\tbe\tloved.\tPut\ta\twoman\tin\ta\tposition\tto say\tthat\tshe\thas\tyielded\tonly\tto\ta\tspecies\tof\tviolence,\tor\tto\tsurprise:\tpersuade\ther that\t you\t do\t not\t undervalue\t her,\t and\t I\t will\t answer\t for\t her\t heart.\t ...A\t little\t more boldness\ton\tyour\tpart\twould\tput\tyou\tboth\tat\tyour\tease.\tDo\tyou\tremember\twhat M.\tde\tla\tRochefoucauld\ttold\tyou\tlately:\t\u201cA\treasonable\tman\tin\tlove\tmay\tact\tlike a\tmadman,\tbut\the\tshould\tnot\tand\tcannot\tact\tlike\tan\tidiot.\t\u201d life,\tletters,\tand epicurean\tphilosophy ok\tninon\tde\ti.enclos, Ninon\tde\tLenclos, 1620-1705 ticularly\t those\t discussions\t in\t which\t you\t are\t asked\t to\t set\t your\t own\t price. How\t often\t we\t put\t ourselves\t down\t by\t asking\t for\t too\t litde.\t When\t Christopher Columbus\t proposed\t that\t the\t Spanish\t court\t finance\t his\t voyage\t to\t the\t Americas, he\talso\tmade\tthe\tinsanely\tbold\tdemand\tthat\the\tbe\tcalled\t\u201cGrand\tAdmiral\tof\tthe Ocean.\u201d\t The\t court\t agreed.\t The\t price\t he\t set\t was\t the\t price\t he\t receivedhe demanded\t to\t be\t treated\t with\t respect,\t and\t so\t he\t was.\t Henry\t Kissinger\t too\t knew that\t in\t negotiation,\t bold\t demands\t work\t better\t than\t starting\t off\t with\t piecemeal concessions\t and\t trying\t to\t meet\t the\t other\t person\t halfway.\t Set\t your\t value\t high, and\tthen,\tas\tCount\tLustig\tdid,\tset\tit\thigher. Understand:\t If\t boldness\t is\t not\t natural,\t neither\t is\t timidity.\t It\t is\t an\t acquired","habit,\t picked\t up\t out\t of\t a\t desire\t to\t avoid\t conflict.\t If\t timidity\t has\t taken\t hold\t of you,\t then,\t root\t it\t out.\t Your\t fears\t of\t the\t consequences\t of\t a\t bold\t action\t are\t way out\t of\t proportion\t to\t reality,\t and\t in\t fact\t the\t consequences\t of\t timidity\t are\t worse. Your\tvalue\tis\tlowered\tand\tyou\tcreate\ta\tself-fulfilling\tcycle\tof\tdoubt\tand\tdisaster. Remember:\tThe\tproblems\tcreated\tby\tan\taudacious\tmove\tcan\tbe\tdisguised,\teven remedied,\tby\tmore\tand\tgreater\taudacity. Image:\t The\t Lion\t and\t the\t Hare.\t The\t lion\t creates\t no\t gaps\t in\t his\t wayhis movements\t are\t too\t swift,\t his\t jaws\t too\t quick\t and\t powerful.\t The\t timid\t hare\t will do\t anything\t to\t escape\t danger,\t but\t in\t its\t haste\t to\t retreat\t and\t flee,\t it\t backs\t into traps,\thops\tsmack\tinto\tits\tenemies'\tjaws. Authority:\tI\tcertainly\tthink\tthat\tit\tis\tbetter\tto\tbe\timpetuous\tthan\tcautious,\tfor fortune\tis\ta\twoman,\tand\tit\tis\tnecessary,\tif\tyou\twish\tto\tmaster\ther,\tto\tconquer\ther by\tforce;\tand\tit\tcan\tbe\tseen\tthat\tshe\tlets\therself\tbe\tovercome\tby\tthe\tbold\trather than\tby\tthose\twho\tproceed\tcoldly.\tAnd\ttherefore,\tlike\ta\twoman,\tshe\tis\talways\ta friend\t to\t the\t young,\t because\t they\t are\t less\t cautious,\t fiercer,\t and\t master\t her\t with greater\taudacity.\t(Niccolo\tMachiavelli,\t1469-1527) REVERSAL Boldness\t should\t never\t be\t the\t strategy\t behind\t all\t of\t your\t actions.\t It\t is\t a tactical\t instrument,\t to\t be\t used\t at\t the\t right\t moment.\t Plan\t and\t think\t ahead,\t and make\t the\t final\t element\t the\t bold\t move\t that\t will\t bring\t you\t success.\t In\t other words,\t since\t boldness\t is\t a\t learned\t response,\t it\t is\t also\t one\t that\t you\t learn\t to control\tand\tutilize\tat\twill.\tTo\tgo\tthrough\tlife\tarmed\tonly\twith\taudacity\twould\tbe tiring\t and\t also\t fatal.\t You\t would\t offend\t too\t many\t people,\t as\t is\t proven\t by\t those who\t cannot\t control\t their\t boldness.\t One\t such\t person\t was\t Lola\t Montez;\t her audacity\t brought\t her\t triumphs\t and\t led\t to\t her\t seduction\t of\t die\t king\t of\t Bavaria. But\t since\t she\t could\t never\t rein\t in\t her\t boldness,\t it\t also\t led\t to\t her\t downfallin Bavaria,\t in\t England,\t wherever\t she\t turned.\t It\t crossed\t die\t border\t between boldness\tand\tthe\tappearance\tof\tcruelty,\teven\tinsanity.\tIvan\tthe\tTerrible\tsuffered the\tsame\tfate:\tWhen\tthe\tpower\tof\tboldness\tbrought\thim\tsuccess,\the\tstuck\tto\tit, to\t the\t point\t where\t it\t became\t a\t lifelong\t pattern\t of\t violence\t and\t sadism.\t He\t lost the\tability\tto\ttell\twhen\tboldness\twas\tappropriate\tand\twhen\tit\twas\tnot. Timidity\thas\tno\tplace\tin\tthe\trealm\tof\tpower;\tyou\twill\toften\tbenefit,\thowever, by\tbeing\table\tto\tfeign\tit.\tAt\tthat\tpoint,\tof\tcourse,\tit\tis\tno\tlonger\ttimidity\tbut\tan offensive\t weapon:\t You\t are\t luring\t people\t in\t with\t your\t show\t of\t shyness,\t all\t the better\tto\tpounce\ton\tmem\tboldly\tlater.","48\tLaws\tof\tPower LAW\t29 PLAN\tALL\tTHE\tWAY\tTO\tTHE\tEND JUDGMENT The\tending\t is\t everything.\t Plan\tall\t the\t way\t to\t it,\ttaking\t into\t account\t all\tthe possible\t consequences,\t obstacles,\t and\t twists\t of\t fortune\t that\t might\t reverse\t your hard\t work\t and\t give\t the\t glory\t to\t others.\t By\t planning\t to\t the\t end\t you\t will\t not\t be overwhelmed\t by\t circumstances\t and\t you\t will\t know\t when\t to\t stop.\t Gently\t guide fortune\tand\thelp\tdetermine\tthe\tfuture\tby\tthinking\tfar\tahead. TRANSGRESSION\tOF\tTHE\tLAW In\t 1510\t a\t ship\t set\t out\t from\t the\t island\t of\t Hispaniola\t (now\t Haiti\t and\t the Dominican\tRepublic)\tfor\tVenezuela,\twhere\tit\twas\tto\trescue\ta\tbesieged\tSpanish colony.\tSeveral\tmiles\tout\tof\tport,\ta\tstowaway\tclimbed\tout\tof\ta\tprovision\tchest: Vasco\t Nunez\t de\t Balboa,\t a\t noble\t Spaniard\t who\t had\t come\t to\t the\t New\t World\t in search\tof\tgold\tbut\thad\tfallen\tinto\tdebt\tand\thad\tescaped\this\tcreditors\tby\thiding\tin the\tchest. Balboa\t had\t been\t obsessed\t with\t gold\t ever\t since\t Columbus\t had\t returned\t to Spain\tfrom\this\tvoyages\twith\ttales\tof\ta\tfabulous\tbut\tas\tyet\tundiscovered\tkingdom called\t El\t Dorado.\t Balboa\t was\t one\t of\t the\t first\t adventurers\t to\t come\t in\t search\t of Columbus's\t land\t of\t gold,\t and\t he\t had\t decided\t from\t the\t beginning\t that\t he\t would be\tthe\tone\tto\tfind\tit,\tthrough\tsheer\taudacity\tand\tsingle-mindedness.\tNow\tdiat\the was\tfree\tof\this\tcreditors,\tnothing\twould\tstop\thim. Unfortunately\tthe\tship's\towner,\ta\twealthy\tjurist\tnamed\tFrancisco\tFernandez de\t Enciso,\t was\t furious\t when\t told\t of\t the\t stowaway,\t and\t he\t ordered\t that\t Balboa be\t left\t on\t the\t first\t island\t they\t came\t across.\t Before\t they\t found\t any\t island, however,\t Enciso\t received\t news\t that\t the\t colony\t he\t was\t to\t rescue\t had\t been abandoned.\t This\t was\t Balboa's\t chance.\t He\t told\t the\t sailors\t of\t his\t previous voyages\t to\t Panama,\t and\t of\t the\t rumors\t he\t had\t heard\t of\t gold\t in\t the\t area.\t The excited\tsailors\tconvinced\tEnciso\tto\tspare\tBalboa's\tlife,\tand\tto\testablish\ta\tcolony in\tPanama.\tWeeks\tlater\tthey\tnamed\ttheir\tnew\tsetdement\t\u201cDarien.\u201d Darien's\t first\t governor\t was\t Enciso,\t but\t Balboa\t was\t not\t a\t man\t to\t let\t others steal\t the\t initiative.\t He\t campaigned\t against\t Enciso\t among\t the\t sailors,\t who eventually\t made\t it\t clear\t that\t diey\t preferred\t him\t as\t governor.\t Enciso\t fled\t to Spain,\t fearing\t for\t his\t life.\t Months\t later,\t when\t a\t representative\t of\t the\t Spanish","crown\t arrived\t to\t establish\t himself\t as\t the\t new,\t official\t governor\t of\t Darien,\t he was\t turned\t away.\t On\t his\t return\t voyage\t to\t Spain,\t this\t man\t drowned;\t the drowning\t was\t accidental,\t but\t under\t Spanish\t law,\t Balboa\t had\t murdered\t the governor\tand\tusurped\this\tposition. Balboa's\t bravado\t had\t got\t him\t out\t of\t scrapes\t before,\t but\t now\t his\t hopes\t of wealth\tand\tglory\tseemed\tdoomed.\tTo\tlay\tclaim\tto\tEl\tDorado,\tshould\the\tdiscover it,\the\twould\tneed\tthe\tapproval\tof\tthe\tSpanish\tking\twhich,\tas\tan\toutlaw,\the\twould never\treceive.\tThere\twas\tonly\tone\tsolution.\tPanamanian\tIndians\thad\ttold\tBalboa of\ta\tvast\tocean\ton\tthe\tother\tside\tof\tthe\tCentral\tAmerican\tisthmus,\tand\thad\tsaid that\t by\t traveling\t south\t upon\t this\t western\t coast,\t he\t would\t reach\t a\t fabulous\t land of\tgold,\tcalled\tby\ta\tname\tthat\tto\this\tears\tsounded\tlike\t\u201cBiru.\u201d\tBalboa\tdecided\the would\tcross\tthe\ttreacherous\tjungles\tof\tPanama\tand\tbecome\tthe\tfirst\tEuropean\tto bathe\this\tfeet\tin\tthis\tnew\tocean.\tFrom\tthere\the\twould\tmarch\ton\tEl\tDorado.\tIf\the did\tthis\ton\tSpain's\tbehalf,\the\twould\tobtain\tthe\teternal\tgratitude\tof\tthe\tking,\tand would\tsecure\this\town\treprieveonly\the\thad\tto\tact\tbefore\tSpanish\tauthorities\tcame to\tarrest\thim. In\t1513,\tthen,\tBalboa\tset\tout,\twidi\t190\tsoldiers.\tHalfway\tacross\tthe\tisthmus (some\tninety\tmiles\twide\tat\tthat\tpoint),\tonly\tsixty\tsoldiers\tre- There\tare\tvery\tfew\tmenand\tthey\tare\tthe\texceptionswho\tare\table\tto\tthink\tand feel\tbeyond\tthe\tpresent\tmoment. Carl\tvon\tClausewitz,\t1780-1831 THK\tTWO\tTHOCS Two\t frogs\t dwelt\t in\t the\t same\t pool\t The\t pool\t being\t dried\t up\t under\t the summer's\t heat,\t they\t left\t it,\t and\t set\t out\t together\t to\t seek\t another\t home.\t As\t they went\t along\t they\t chanced\t to\t pass\t a\t deep\t well,\t amply\t supplied\t with\t water,\t on seeing\t which\t one\t of\t the\t frogs\t said\t to\t the\t other:\t \u201cLet\t us\t descend\t and\t make\t our abode\t in\t this\t well,\t it\t will\t furnish\t us\t with\t shelter\t and\t food.\u201d\t The\t other\t replied with\tgreater\tcaution:\t\u201cBut\tsuppose\tthe\twater\tshould\tfail\tus,\thow\tcan\twe\tget\tout again\tfrom\tso\tgreat\ta\tdepth\t\u201d\tDo\tnothing\twithout\ta\tregard\tto\tthe\tconsequences. FABLES, Aesop, sixth\tcentury\tb.c. LAW\t29 Look\tto\tthe\tend,\tno matter\twhat\tit\tis\tyou are\tconsidering.\tOften enough,\tGod\tgives\ta man\ta\tglimpse\tof happiness,\tand\tthen","utterly\truins\thim. the\thistories, Herodotus, fifth\tcentury\tb.c. In\t ancient\t times\t a\t king\t ofTartary\t was\t out\t walking\t with\t some\t of\t his noblemen.\t At\t the\t roadside\t was\t an\t abdal\t (a\t wandering\t Sufi),\t who\t cried\t out: \u201cWhoever\t will\t give\t me\t a\t hundred\t dinars,\t I\t will\t give\t him\t some\t good\t advice.\u201d The\t king\t stopped,\t and\t said:\t \u201cAbdal,\t what\t is\t this\t good\t advice\t for\t a\t hundred dinars'7\t\u201dSir,\u201c\tanswered\tthe\tabdal,\t\u201dorder\tthe\tsum\tto\tbe\tgiven\tto\tme,\tand\tI\twill tell\t it\t you\t immediately.\t \u201c\t The\t king\t did\t so,\t expecting\t to\t hear\t something extraordinary.\tThe\tdervish\tsaid\tto\thim:\t\u201dMy\tadvice\tis\tthis:\tNever\tbegin\tanything until\t you\t have\t reflected\t what\t will\t be\t the\t end\t of\t it.\u201cAt\t this\t the\t nobles\t and everyone\telse\tpresent\tlaughed,\tsaying\tthat\tthe\tabdal\thad\tbeen\twise\tto\task\tfor\this money\tin\tadvance.\tBut\tthe\tking\tsaid:\t\u201d\tYou\t.\thave\tno\treason\tto\tlaugh\tat\tthe\tgood advice\tthis\tabdal\thas\tgiven\tme.\tNo\tone\tis mained,\t many\t having\t succumbed\t to\t the\t harsh\t conditionsthe\t bloodsucking insects,\tthe\ttorrential\trainfall,\tfever.\tFinally,\tfrom\ta\tmountaintop,\tBalboa\tbecame the\tfirst\tEuropean\tto\tlay\teyes\ton\tthe\tPacific\tOcean.\tDays\tlater\the\tmarched\tin\this armor\t into\t its\t waters,\t bearing\t the\t banner\t of\t Castile\t and\t claiming\t all\t its\t seas, lands,\tand\tislands\tin\tthe\tname\tof\tthe\tSpanish\tthrone. Indians\tfrom\tthe\tarea\tgreeted\tBalboa\twith\tgold,\tjewels,\tand\tprecious\tpearls, the\tlike\tof\twhich\the\thad\tnever\tseen.\tWhen\the\tasked\twhere\tthese\thad\tcome\tfrom, die\t Indians\t pointed\t south,\t to\t the\t land\t of\t the\t Incas.\t But\t Balboa\t had\t only\t a\t few soldiers\t left.\t For\t the\t moment,\t he\t decided,\t he\t should\t return\t to\t Darien,\t send\t the jewels\tand\tgold\tto\tSpain\tas\ta\ttoken\tof\tgood\twill,\tand\task\tfor\ta\tlarge\tarmy\tto\taid him\tin\tthe\tconquest\tof\tEl\tDorado. When\t news\t reached\t Spain\t of\t Balboa's\t bold\t crossing\t of\t die\t isthmus,\t his discovery\t of\t the\t western\t ocean,\t and\t his\t planned\t conquest\t of\t El\t Dorado,\t the former\t criminal\t became\t a\t hero.\t He\t was\t instandy\t proclaimed\t governor\t of\t the new\t land.\t But\t before\t the\t king\t and\t queen\t received\t word\t of\t his\t discovery,\t they had\talready\tsent\ta\tdozen\tships,\tunder\tthe\tcommand\tof\ta\tman\tnamed\tPedro\tArias Davila,\t \u201cPedrarias,\u201d\t with\t orders\t to\t arrest\t Balboa\t for\t murder\t and\t to\t take command\tof\tthe\tcolony.\tBy\tthe\ttime\tPedrarias\tarrived\tin\tPanama,\the\thad\tlearned that\t Balboa\t had\t been\t pardoned,\t and\t that\t he\t was\t to\t share\t die\t governorship\t with the\tformer\toudaw. All\t the\t same,\t Balboa\t felt\t uneasy.\t Gold\t was\t his\t dream,\t El\t Dorado\t his\t only desire.\t In\t pursuit\t of\t this\t goal\t he\t had\t nearly\t died\t many\t times\t over,\t and\t to\t share the\t wealth\t and\t glory\t with\t a\t newcomer\t would\t be\t intolerable.\t He\t also\t soon discovered\t that\t Pedrarias\t was\t a\t jealous,\t bitter\t man,\t and\t equally\t unhappy\t with","the\tsituation.\tOnce\tagain,\tthe\tonly\tsolution\tfor\tBalboa\twas\tto\tseize\tthe\tinitiative by\t proposing\t to\t cross\t the\t jungle\t with\t a\t larger\t army,\t carrying\t ship-building materials\t and\t tools.\t Once\t on\t the\t Pacific\t coast,\t he\t would\t create\t an\t armada\t with which\t to\t conquer\t the\t Incas.\t Surprisingly\t enough,\t Pedrarias\t agreed\t to\t the planperhaps\t sensing\t it\t would\t never\t work.\t Hundreds\t died\t in\t this\t second\t march through\t the\t jungle,\t and\t the\t timber\t they\t carried\t rotted\t in\t die\t torrential\t rains. Balboa,\tas\tusual,\twas\tundauntedno\tpower\tin\tthe\tworld\tcould\tthwart\this\tplanand on\t arriving\t at\t the\t Pacific\t he\t began\t to\t cut\t down\t trees\t for\t new\t lumber.\t But\t the men\t remaining\t to\t him\t were\t too\t few\t and\t too\t weak\t to\t mount\t an\t invasion,\t and once\tagain\tBalboa\thad\tto\treturn\tto\tDarien. Pedrarias\thad\tin\tany\tcase\tinvited\tBalboa\tback\tto\tdiscuss\ta\tnew\tplan,\tand\ton the\toutskirts\tof\tthe\tsettlement,\tthe\texplorer\twas\tmet\tby\tFrancisco\tPizarro,\tan\told friend\t who\t had\t accompanied\t him\t on\t his\t first\t crossing\t of\t the\t isthmus.\t But\t this was\ta\ttrap:\tLeading\tone\thundred\tsoldiers,\tPizarro\tsurrounded\this\tformer\tfriend, arrested\t him,\t and\t returned\t him\t to\t Pedrarias,\t who\t tried\t him\t on\t charges\t of rebellion.\t A\t few\t days\t later\t Balboa's\t head\t fell\t into\t a\t basket,\t along\t with\t those\t of his\t most\t trusted\t followers.\t Years\t later\t Pizarro\t himself\t reached\t Peru,\t and Balboa's\tdeeds\twere\tforgotten. Interpretation Most\t men\t are\t ruled\t by\t the\t heart,\t not\t die\t head.\t Their\t plans\t are\t vague,\t and when\tthey\tmeet\tobstacles\tthey\timprovise.\tBut\timprovisation\twill\tonly\tbring\tyou as\tfar\tas\tthe\tnext\tcrisis,\tand\tis\tnever\ta\tsubstitute\tfor\tthinking\tseveral\tsteps\tahead and\tplanning\tto\tthe\tend. Balboa\thad\ta\tdream\tof\tglory\tand\twealth,\tand\ta\tvague\tplan\tto\treach\tit.\tYet\this bold\t deeds,\t and\t his\t discovery\t of\t the\t Pacific,\t are\t largely\t forgotten,\t for\t he committed\t what\t in\t die\t world\t of\t power\t is\t the\t ultimate\t sin:\t He\t went\t part\t way, leaving\t the\t door\t open\t for\t others\t to\t take\t over.\t A\t real\t man\t of\t power\t would\t have had\tthe\tprudence\tto\tsee\tthe\tdangers\tin\tthe\tdistance\tthe\trivals\twho\twould\twant\tto share\t in\t the\t conquests,\t the\t vultures\t that\t would\t hover\t once\t tiiey\t heard\t the\t word \u201cgold.\u201d\tBalboa\tshould\thave\tkept\this\tknowledge\tof\tthe\tIncas\tsecret\tuntil\tafter\the had\t conquered\t Peru.\t Only\t then\t would\t his\t wealth,\t and\t his\t head,\t have\t been secure.\t Once\t Pedrarias\t arrived\t on\t the\t scene,\t a\t man\t of\t power\t and\t prudence would\t have\t schemed\t to\t kill\t or\t imprison\t him,\t and\t to\t take\t over\t the\t army\t he\t had brought\tfor\tdie\tconquest\tof\tPeru.\tBut\tBalboa\twas\tlocked\tin\tthe\tmoment,\talways reacting\temotionally,\tnever\tthinking\tahead. What\t good\t is\t it\t to\t have\t the\t greatest\t dream\t in\t die\t world\t if\t others\t reap\t the benefits\tand\tthe\tglory\tNever\tlose\tyour\thead\tover\ta\tvague,\topen-ended\tdreamplan to\tthe\tend. OBSERVANCE\tOF\tTHE\tLAW","In\t1863\tthe\tPrussian\tpremier\tOtto\tvon\tBismarck\tsurveyed\tthe\tchessboard\tof European\t power\t as\t it\t then\t stood.\t The\t main\t players\t were\t England,\t France,\t and Austria.\t Prussia\t itself\t was\t one\t of\t several\t states\t in\t the\t loosely\t allied\t German Federation.\t Austria,\t dominant\t member\t of\t the\t Federation,\t made\t sure\t mat\t die other\tGerman\tstates\tremained\tweak,\tdivided\tand\tsubmissive.\tBismarck\tbelieved that\tPrussia\twas\tdestined\tfor\tsomething\tfar\tgreater\tthan\tservant\tboy\tto\tAustria. This\t is\t how\t Bismarck\t played\t the\t game.\t His\t first\t move\t was\t to\t start\t a\t war with\tlowly\tDenmark,\tin\torder\tto\trecover\tthe\tformer\tPrussian\tlands\tof\tSchleswig- Holstein.\t He\t knew\t that\t tiiese\t rumblings\t of\t Prussian\t independence\t might\t worry France\t and\t England,\t so\t he\t enlisted\t Austria\t in\t the\t war,\t claiming\t that\t he\t was recovering\t Schleswig-Holstein\t for\t tiieir\t benefit.\t In\t a\t few\t months,\t after\t the\t war was\t decided,\t Bismarck\t demanded\t that\t the\t newly\t conquered\t lands\t be\t made\t part of\t Prussia.\t The\t Austrians\t of\t course\t were\t furious,\t but\t tiiey\t compromised:\t First they\t agreed\t to\t give\t the\t Prussians\t Schleswig,\t and\t a\t year\t later\t tiiey\t sold\t them Holstein.\t The\t world\t began\t to\t see\t that\t Austria\t was\t weakening\t and\t that\t Prussia was\ton\tthe\trise. Bismarck's\t next\t move\t was\t his\t boldest:\t In\t 1866\t he\t convinced\t King\t William of\tPrussia\tto\twithdraw\tfrom\tdie\tGerman\tFederation,\tand\tin\tdoing\tso\tto\tgo\tto\twar with\t Austria\t itself.\t King\t William's\t wife,\t his\t son\t die\t crown\t prince,\t and\t die princes\t of\t the\t otiier\t German\t kingdoms\t vehemently\t opposed\t such\t a\t war.\t But Bismarck,\t undaunted,\t succeeded\t in\t forcing\t the\t conflict,\t and\t Prussia's\t superior army\tdefeated\tdie\tAustrians\tin\tdie\tbrutally unaware\tof\tthe\tfact\tthat\twe\tshould\tthink\twell\tbefore\tdoing\tanything.\tBut\twe are\tdaily\tguilty\tof\tnot\tremembering,\tand\tthe\tconsequences\tare\tevil.\tI\tvery\tmuch value\tthis\tdervish's\tadvice.\\\" The\tking\tdecided\tto\tbear\tthe\tadvice\talways\tin\this\tmind,\tand\tcommanded\tit\tto be\t written\t in\t gold\t on\t the\t walls\t and\t even\t engraved\t on\t his\t silver\t plate.\t Not\t long afterward\t a\t plotter\t desired\t to\t kill\t the\t king.\t He\t bribed\t the\t royal\t surgeon\t with\t a promise\t of\t the\t prime\t ministership\t if\t he\t thrust\t a\t poisoned\t lancet\t into\t the\t king\t 's arm.\t When\t the\t time\t came\t to\t let\t some\t of\t the\t king's\t blood,\t a\t silver\t basin\t was placed\t to\t catch\t the\t blood.\t Suddenly\t the\t surgeon\t became\t aware\t of\t the\t words engraved\t upon\t it:\t \u201cNever\t begin\t anything\t until\t you\t have\t reflected\t what\t will\t be the\tend\tof\tit.\u201d\tIt\twas\tonly\tthen\tthat\the\trealized\tthat\tif\tthe\tplotter\tbecame\tking\the could\thave\tthe\tsurgeon\tkilled\tinstantly,\tand\twould\tnot\tneed\tto\tfulfill\this\tbargain. The\t king,\t seeing\t that\t the\t surgeon\t was\t now\t trembling,\t asked\t him\t what\t was wrong\twith\thim.\tAnd\tso\the\tconfessed\tthe\ttruth,\tat\tthat\tvery\tmoment.\tThe\tplotter was\tseized;\tand\tthe\tking\tsent\tfor\tall\tthe\tpeople\twho\thad\tbeen\tpresent\twhen\tthe abdal\tgave\this\tadvice,\tand\tsaid\tto\tthem:\t\u201cDo\tyou\tstill\tlaugh\tat\tthe\tdervish\u201d caravan\tof\tdreams,\tIdriks\tShah,\t1968","He\twho\tasks\tfortunetellers\tthe\tfuture\tunwittingly\tforfeits\tan\tinner\tintimation of\t coming\t events\t that\t is\t a\t thousand\t times\t more\t exact\t than\t anything\t they\t may say. Walter\tBenjamin,\t1892-1940 short\tSeven\tWeeks\tWar.\tThe\tking\tand\tthe\tPrussian\tgenerals\tthen\twanted\tto march\t on\t Vienna,\t taking\t as\t much\t land\t from\t Austria\t as\t possible.\t But\t Bismarck stopped\t diemnow\t he\t presented\t himself\t as\t on\t the\t side\t of\t peace.\t The\t result\t was that\t he\t was\t able\t to\t conclude\t a\t treaty\t with\t Austria\t that\t granted\t Prussia\t and\t the other\tGerman\tstates\ttotal\tautonomy.\tBismarck\tcould\tnow\tposition\tPrussia\tas\tdie dominant\t power\t in\t Germany\t and\t the\t head\t of\t a\t newly\t formed\t North\t German Confederation. The\t French\t and\t the\t English\t began\t to\t compare\t Bismarck\t to\t Attila\t the\t Hun, and\tto\tfear\tthat\the\thad\tdesigns\ton\tall\tof\tEurope.\tOnce\the\thad\tstarted\ton\tthe\tpath to\tconquest,\tthere\twas\tno\ttelling\twhere\the\twould\tstop.\tAnd,\tindeed,\tthree\tyears later\t Bismarck\t provoked\t a\t war\t with\t France.\t First\t he\t appeared\t to\t give\t his permission\t to\t France's\t annexation\t of\t Belgium,\t then\t at\t die\t last\t moment\t he changed\t his\t mind.\t Playing\t a\t cat-and-mouse\t game,\t he\t infuriated\t die\t French emperor,\t Napoleon\t III,\t and\t stirred\t up\t his\t own\t king\t against\t the\t French.\t To\t no one's\t surprise,\t war\t broke\t out\t in\t 1870.\t The\t newly\t formed\t German\t federation enthusiastically\tjoined\tin\tthe\twar\ton\tFrance,\tand\tonce\tagain\tthe\tPrussian\tmilitary machine\t and\t its\t allies\t destroyed\t the\t enemy\t army\t in\t a\t matter\t of\t months. Aldiough\tBismarck\topposed\ttaking\tany\tFrench\tland,\tthe\tgenerals\tconvinced\thim that\tAlsace-Lorraine\twould\tbecome\tpart\tof\tthe\tfederation. Now\t all\t of\t Europe\t feared\t the\t next\t move\t of\t the\t Prussian\t monster,\t led\t by Bismarck,\tthe\t\u201cIron\tChancellor.\u201d\tAnd\tin\tfact\ta\tyear\tlater\tBismarck\tfounded\tthe German\t Empire,\t with\t die\t Prussian\t king\t as\t the\t newly\t crowned\t emperor\t and Bismarck\t himself\t a\t prince.\t But\t then\t somediing\t strange\t happened:\t Bismarck instigated\tno\tmore\twars.\tAnd\twhile\tthe\tother\tEuropean\tpowers\tgrabbed\tup\tland for\t colonies\t in\t other\t continents,\t he\t severely\t limited\t Germany's\t colonial acquisitions.\tHe\tdid\tnot\twant\tmore\tland\tfor\tGermany,\tbut\tmore\tsecurity.\tFor\tthe rest\t of\t his\t life\t he\t struggled\t to\t maintain\t peace\t in\t Europe\t and\t to\t prevent\t further wars.\tEverybody\tassumed\the\thad\tchanged,\tmellowing\twith\tthe\tyears.\tThey\thad failed\tto\tunderstand:\tThis\twas\tthe\tfinal\tmove\tof\this\toriginal\tplan. Interpretation There\t is\t a\t simple\t reason\t why\t most\t men\t never\t know\t when\t to\t come\t off\t the attack:\tThey\tform\tno\tconcrete\tidea\tof\ttheir\tgoal.\tOnce\tthey\tachieve\tvictory\tthey only\thunger\tfor\tmore.\tTo\tstopto\taim\tfor\ta\tgoal\tand\tthen\tkeep\tto\titseems\talmost inhuman,\t in\t fact;\t yet\t nothing\t is\t more\t critical\t to\t the\t maintenance\t of\t power.\t The person\twho\tgoes\ttoo\tfar\tin\this\ttriumphs\tcreates\ta\treaction\tthat\tinevitably\tleads\tto","a\tdecline.\tThe\tonly\tsolution\tis\tto\tplan\tfor\tthe\tlong\trun.\tForesee\tthe\tfuture\twith\tas much\t clarity\t as\t the\t gods\t on\t Mount\t Olympus,\t who\t look\t through\t the\t clouds\t and see\tthe\tends\tof\tall\ttilings. From\tthe\tbeginning\tof\this\tcareer\tin\tpolitics,\tBismarck\thad\tone\tgoal:\tto\tform an\t independent\t German\t state\t led\t by\t Prussia.\t He\t instigated\t the\t war\t with Denmark\t not\t to\t conquer\t territory\t but\t to\t stir\t up\t Prussian\t nationalism\t and\t unite the\tcountry.\tHe\tincited\tthe\twar\twith\tAustria\tonly\tto\tgain Prussian\tindependence.\t(This\twas\twhy\the\trefused\tto\tgrab\tAustrian\tterritory.) And\t he\t fomented\t the\t war\t with\t France\t to\t unite\t the\t German\t kingdoms\t against\t a common\tenemy,\tand\tthus\tto\tprepare\tfor\tthe\tformation\tof\ta\tunited\tGermany. Once\t this\t was\t achieved,\t Bismarck\t stopped.\t He\t never\t let\t triumph\t go\t to\t his head,\twas\tnever\ttempted\tby\tthe\tsiren\tcall\tof\tmore.\tHe\theld\tthe\treins\ttightly,\tand whenever\t the\t generals,\t or\t the\t king,\t or\t the\t Prussian\t people\t demanded\t new conquests,\t he\t held\t them\t back.\t Nothing\t would\t spoil\t the\t beauty\t of\t his\t creation, certainly\tnot\ta\tfalse\teuphoria\tthat\tpushed\tthose\taround\thim\tto\tattempt\tto\tgo\tpast the\tend\tthat\the\thad\tso\tcarefully\tplanned. Experience\tshows\tthat,\tif\tone\tforesees\tfrom\tfar\taway\tthe\tdesigns\tto\tbe undertaken,\t one\t can\t act\t with\t speed\t when\t the\t moment\t comes\t to\t execute them. Cardinal\tRichelieu,\t1585-1642 KEYS\tTO\tPOWER According\tto\tthe\tcosmology\tof\tthe\tancient\tGreeks,\tthe\tgods\twere\tthought\tto have\t complete\t vision\t into\t die\t future.\t They\t saw\t everything\t to\t come,\t right\t down to\t the\t intricate\t details.\t Men,\t on\t the\t other\t hand,\t were\t seen\t as\t victims\t of\t fate, trapped\t in\t the\t moment\t and\t tfieir\t emotions,\t unable\t to\t see\t beyond\t immediate dangers.\t Those\t heroes,\t such\t as\t Odysseus,\t who\t were\t able\t to\t look\t beyond\t the present\t and\t plan\t several\t steps\t ahead,\t seemed\t to\t defy\t fate,\t to\t approximate\t the gods\t in\t their\t ability\t to\t determine\t the\t future.\t The\t comparison\t is\t still\t validthose among\t us\t who\t think\t further\t ahead\t and\t patiently\t bring\t their\t plans\t to\t fruition seem\tto\thave\ta\tgodlike\tpower. Because\tmost\tpeople\tare\ttoo\timprisoned\tin\tthe\tmoment\tto\tplan\twith\tthis\tkind of\tforesight,\tthe\tability\tto\tignore\timmediate\tdangers\tand\tpleasures\ttranslates\tinto power.\tIt\tis\tthe\tpower\tof\tbeing\table\tto\tovercome\tthe\tnatural\thuman\ttendency\tto react\t to\t things\t as\t they\t happen,\t and\t instead\t to\t train\t oneself\t to\t step\t back, imagining\t the\t larger\t things\t taking\t shape\t beyond\t one's\t immediate\t vision.\t Most people\t believe\t that\t tiiey\t are\t in\t fact\t aware\t of\t the\t future,\t that\t they\t are\t planning and\t thinking\t ahead.\t They\t are\t usually\t deluded:\t What\t they\t are\t really\t doing\t is succumbing\t to\t their\t desires,\t to\t what\t they\t want\t the\t future\t to\t be.\t Their\t plans\t are vague,\t based\t on\t their\t imaginations\t rather\t than\t their\t reality.\t They\t may\t believe","they\tare\tthinking\tall\tthe\tway\tto\tthe\tend,\tbut\tthey\tare\treally\tonly\tfocusing\ton\tthe happy\tending,\tand\tdeluding\tthemselves\tby\tthe\tstrength\tof\ttheir\tdesire. In\t415\tB.C.,\tthe\tancient\tAthenians\tattacked\tSicily,\tbelieving\ttheir\texpedition would\t bring\t them\t riches,\t power,\t and\t a\t glorious\t ending\t to\t the\t sixteen-year Peloponnesian\tWar.\tThey\tdid\tnot\tconsider\tthe\tdangers\tof\tan\tinvasion\tso\tfar\tfrom home;\tthey\tdid\tnot\tforesee\tthat\tthe\tSicilians\twould\tfight\tall\tthe\tharder\tsince\tthe batdes\t were\t in\t their\t own\t homeland,\t or\t that\t all\t of\t Athens's\t enemies\t would\t band together\t against\t them,\t or\t that\t war\t would\t break\t out\t on\t several\t fronts,\t stretching their\t forces\t way\t too\t thin.\t The\t Sicilian\t expedition\t was\t a\t complete\t disaster, leading\tto\tthe\tdestruction of\t one\t of\t the\t greatest\t civilizations\t of\t all\t time.\t The\t Athenians\t were\t led\t into this\tdisaster\tby\ttheir\thearts,\tnot\ttheir\tminds.\tThey\tsaw\tonly\tthe\tchance\tof\tglory, not\tthe\tdangers\tthat\tloomed\tin\tthe\tdistance. Cardinal\tde\tRetz,\tthe\tseventeenth-century\tFrenchman\twho\tprided\thimself\ton his\t insights\t into\t human\t schemes\t and\t why\t they\t mostly\t fail,\t analyzed\t this phenomenon.\t In\t the\t course\t of\t a\t rebellion\t he\t spearheaded\t against\t the\t French monarchy\t in\t 1651,\t the\t young\t king,\t Louis\t XIV,\t and\t his\t court\t had\t suddenly\t left Paris\tand\testablished\tthemselves\tin\ta\tpalace\toutside\tthe\tcapital.\tThe\tpresence\tof the\tking\tso\tclose\tto\tthe\theart\tof\tthe\trevolution\thad\tbeen\ta\ttremendous\tburden\ton the\t revolutionaries,\t and\t they\t breathed\t a\t sigh\t of\t relief.\t This\t later\t proved\t their downfall,\thowever,\tsince\tthe\tcourt's\tabsence\tfrom\tParis\tgave\tit\tmuch\tmore\troom to\tmaneuver.\t\u201cThe\tmost\tordinary\tcause\tof\tpeople's\tmistakes,\u201d\tCardinal\tde\tRetz later\t wrote,\t \u201cis\t their\t being\t too\t much\t frightened\t at\t the\t present\t danger,\t and\t not enough\tso\tat\tthat\twhich\tis\tremote.\u201d The\t dangers\t that\t are\t remote,\t that\t loom\t in\t the\t distanceif\t we\t can\t see\t them\t as they\t take\t shape,\t how\t many\t mistakes\t we\t avoid.\t How\t many\t plans\t we\t would instandy\tabort\tif\twe\trealized\twe\twere\tavoiding\ta\tsmall\tdanger\tonly\tto\tstep\tinto\ta larger\tone.\tSo\tmuch\tof\tpower\tis\tnot\twhat\tyou\tdo\tbut\twhat\tyou\tdo\tnot\tdodie\trash and\tfoolish\tactions\tthat\tyou\trefrain\tfrom\tbefore\tthey\tget\tyou\tinto\ttrouble.\tPlan\tin detail\tbefore\tyou\tactdo\tnot\tlet\tvague\tplans\tlead\tyou\tinto\ttrouble.\tWill\tthis\thave unintended\t consequences\t Will\t I\t stir\t up\t new\t enemies\t Will\t someone\t else\t take advantage\t of\t my\t labors\t Unhappy\t endings\t are\t much\t more\t common\t than\t happy onesdo\tnot\tbe\tswayed\tby\tthe\thappy\tending\tin\tyour\tmind. The\t French\t elections\t of\t 1848\t came\t down\t to\t a\t struggle\t between\t Louis- Adolphe\t Thiers,\t the\t man\t of\t order,\t and\t General\t Louis\t Eugene\t Cavaignac,\t the rabble-rouser\tof\tthe\tright.\tWhen\tThiers\trealized\the\twas\thopelessly\tbehind\tin\tthis high-stakes\t race,\t he\t searched\t desperately\t for\t a\t solution.\t His\t eye\t fell\t on\t Louis Bonaparte,\t grand-nephew\t of\t the\t great\t general\t Napoleon,\t and\t a\t lowly\t deputy\t in the\tparliament.\tThis\tBonaparte\tseemed\ta\tbit\tof\tan\timbecile,\tbut\this\tname\talone","could\t get\t him\t elected\t in\t a\t country\t yearning\t for\t a\t strong\t ruler.\t He\t would\t be Thiers's\t puppet\t and\t eventually\t would\t be\t pushed\t offstage.\t The\t first\t part\t of\t the plan\t worked\t to\t perfection,\t and\t Napoleon\t was\t elected\t by\t a\t large\t margin.\t The problem\t was\t that\t Thiers\t had\t not\t foreseen\t one\t simple\t fact:\t This\t \u201cimbecile\u201d\t was in\t fact\t a\t man\t of\t enormous\t ambition.\t Three\t years\t later\t he\t dissolved\t parliament, declared\thimself\temperor,\tand\truled\tFrance\tfor\tanother\teighteen\tyears,\tmuch\tto the\thorror\tof\tThiers\tand\this\tparty. The\tending\tis\teverything.\tIt\tis\tthe\tend\tof\tthe\taction\tthat\tdetermines\twho\tgets the\t glory,\t the\t money,\t die\t prize.\t Your\t conclusion\t must\t be\t crystal\t clear,\t and\t you must\t keep\t it\t constantly\t in\t mind.\t You\t must\t also\t figure\t out\t how\t to\t ward\t off\t the vultures\t circling\t overhead,\t trying\t to\t live\t off\t the\t carcass\t of\t your\t creation.\t And you\t must\t anticipate\t the\t many\t possible\t crises\t that\t will\t tempt\t you\t to\t improvise. Bismarck\tovercame\tthese\tdangers\tbecause\the\tplanned\tto\tthe\tend,\tkept\ton\tcourse through\tevery\tcrisis,\tand never\t let\t others\t steal\t the\t glory.\t Once\t he\t had\t reached\t his\t stated\t goal,\t he withdrew\tinto\this\tshell\tlike\ta\tturtle.\tThis\tkind\tof\tself-control\tis\tgodlike. When\t you\t see\t several\t steps\t ahead,\t and\t plan\t your\t moves\t all\t the\t way\t to\t the end,\t you\t will\t no\t longer\t be\t tempted\t by\t emotion\t or\t by\t die\t desire\t to\t improvise. Your\t clarity\t will\t rid\t you\t of\t the\t anxiety\t and\t vagueness\t that\t are\t the\t primary reasons\t why\t so\t many\t fail\t to\t conclude\t tiieir\t actions\t successfully.\t You\t see\t the ending\tand\tyou\ttolerate\tno\tdeviation. Image: The\tGods\ton Mount\tOlympus. Looking\tdown\ton human\tactions\tfrom\tthe clouds,\tthey\tsee\tin\tadvance\tthe endings\tof\tall\tthe\tgreat\tdreams\tthat lead\tto\tdisaster\tand\ttragedy.\tAnd they\tlaugh\tat\tour\tinability\tto\tsee\tbeyond the\tmoment,\tand\tat\thow\twe\tdelude\tourselves. Authority:\tHow\tmuch\teasier\tit\tis\tnever\tto\tget\tin\tthan\tto\tget\tyourself\tout!\tWe should\t act\t contrary\t to\t the\t reed\t which,\t when\t it\t first\t appears,\t throws\t up\t a\t long straight\t stem\t but\t afterwards,\t as\t though\t it\t were\t exhausted\t .\t .\t .\t makes\t several dense\tknots,\tindicating\tthat\tit\tno\tlonger\thas\tits\toriginal\tvigor\tand\tdrive.\tWe\tmust rather\t begin\t gendy\t and\t coolly,\t saving\t our\t breath\t for\t the\t encounter\t and\t our vigorous\tthrusts\tfor\tfinishing\toff\tthe\tjob.\tIn\ttheir\tbeginnings\tit\tis\twe\twho\tguide affairs\tand\thold\tthem\tin\tour\tpower;\tbut\tso\toften\tonce\tthey\tare\tset\tin\tmotion,\tit\tis they\twhich\tguide\tus\tand\tsweep\tus\talong.\t(Montaigne,\t1533-1592)","REVERSAL It\t is\t a\t cliche\t among\t strategists\t that\t your\t plan\t must\t include\t alternatives\t and have\t a\t degree\t of\t flexibility.\t That\t is\t certainly\t true.\t If\t you\t are\t locked\t into\t a\t plan too\t rigidly,\t you\t will\t be\t unable\t to\t deal\t with\t sudden\t shifts\t of\t fortune.\t Once\t you have\t examined\t the\t future\t possibilities\t and\t decided\t on\t your\t target,\t you\t must build\tin\talternatives\tand\tbe\topen\tto\tnew\troutes\ttoward\tyour\tgoal. Most\t people,\t however,\t lose\t less\t from\t overplanning\t and\t rigidity\t than\t from vagueness\t and\t a\t tendency\t to\t improvise\t constantly\t in\t the\t face\t of\t circumstance. There\t is\t no\t real\t purpose\t in\t contemplating\t a\t reversal\t to\t this\t Law,\t then,\t for\t no good\tcan\tcome\tfrom\trefusing\tto\tthink\tfar\tinto\tthe\tfuture\tand\tplanning\tto\tthe\tend. If\t you\t are\t clear-\t and\t far-thinking\t enough,\t you\t will\t understand\t that\t the\t future\t is uncertain,\tand\tthat\tyou\tmust\tbe\topen\tto\tadaptation.\tOnly\thaving\ta\tclear\tobjective and\ta\tfar-reaching\tplan\tallows\tyou\tthat\tfreedom.","48\tLaws\tof\tPower LAW\t30 MAKE\tYOUR ACCOMPLISHMENTS SEEM\tEFFORTLESS JUDGMENT Your\t actions\t must\t seem\t natural\t and\t executed\t with\t ease.\t All\t the\t toil\t and practice\t that\t go\t into\t them,\t and\t also\t all\t the\t clever\t tricks,\t must\t be\t concealed. When\t you\t act,\t act\t effortlessly,\t as\t if\t you\t could\t do\t much\t more.\t Avoid\t the temptation\tof\trevealing\thow\thard\tyou\tworkit\tonly\traises\tquestions.\tTeach\tno\tone your\ttricks\tor\tthey\twill\tbe\tused\tagainst\tyou. Date\t Masamune\t once\t sent\t for\t Tannyu\t to\t decorate\t a\t pair\t of\t gold\t screens seven\t feet\t high.\t The\t artist\t said\t he\t thought\t black-and-white\t sketches\t would\t suit them,\t and\t went\t home\t again\t after\t considering\t them\t carefully.\t The\t next\t morning he\tcame\tearly\tand\tmade\ta\tlarge\tquantity\tof\tink\tinto\twhich\the\tdipped\ta\thorseshoe he\t had\t brought\t with\t him,\t and\t then\t proceeded\t to\t make\t impressions\t of\t this\t all over\t one\t of\t the\t screens.\t Then,\t with\t a\t large\t brush,\t he\t drew\t a\t number\t of\t lines across\t them.\t Meanwhile\t Masamune\t had\t come\t in\t to\t watch\t his\t work,\t and\t at\t this he\tcould\tcontain\this\tirritation\tno\tlonger,\tand\tmuttering,\t\u201cWhat\ta\tbeastly\tmess!\u201d he\t strode\t away\t to\t his\t own\t apartments.\t The\t retainers\t told\t Tannyu\t he\t was\t in\t a very\t bad\t temper\t indeed.\t \u201cHe\t shouldn't\t look\t on\t while\t I\t am\t at\t work,\t then,\t \u201d replied\tthe\tpainter,\t\u201che\tshould\twait\ttill\tit\tis\tfinished.\t\u201d\tThen\the\ttook\tup\ta\tsmaller brush\t and\t dashed\t in\t touches\t here\t and\t there,\t and\t as\t he\t did\t so\t the\t prints\t of\t the horse-shoe\tturned\tinto\tcrabs,\twhile\tthe\tbig\tbroad\tstrokes\tbecame\trushes.\tHe\tthen turned\tto\tthe\tother\tscreen\tand\tsplashed\tdrops\tof\tink\tall\tover\tit,\tand\twhen\the\thad added\ta\tfew\tbrushstrokes\there\tand\tthere\tthey\tbecame\ta\tflight\tof OBSERVANCE\tOF\tTHE\tLAW\tI The\t Japanese\t tea\t ceremony\t called\t Cha-no-yu\t (\u201cHot\t Water\t for\t Tea\u201d)\t has origins\t in\t ancient\t times,\t but\t it\t reached\t its\t peak\t of\t refinement\t in\t the\t sixteenth century\tunder\tits\tmost\trenowned\tpractitioner,\tSen\tno\tRikyu.\tAlthough\tnot\tfrom a\tnoble\tfamily,\tRikyu\trose\tto\tgreat\tpower,\tbecoming\tdie\tpreferred\ttea\tmaster\tof the\tEmperor\tHideyoshi,\tand\tan\timportant\tadviser\ton\taesthetic\tand\teven\tpolitical matters.\t For\t Rikyu,\t the\t secret\t of\t success\t consisted\t in\t appearing\t natural, concealing\tthe\teffort\tbehind\tone's\twork.","One\t day\t Rikyu\t and\t his\t son\t went\t to\t an\t acquaintance's\t house\t for\t a\t tea ceremony.\tOn\tthe\tway\tin,\tthe\tson\tremarked\tthat\tdie\tlovely\tantique-looking\tgate at\ttheir\thost's\thouse\tgave\tit\tan\tevocatively\tlonely\tappearance.\t\u201cI\tdon't\tthink\tso,\u201d replied\t his\t father,\t \u201cit\t looks\t as\t though\t it\t had\t been\t brought\t from\t some\t mountain temple\ta\tlong\tway\toff,\tand\tas\tif\tdie\tlabor\trequired\tto\timport\tit\tmust\thave\tcost\ta lot\tof\tmoney.\u201d\tIf\tthe\towner\tof\tthe\thouse\thad\tput\tmis\tmuch\teffort\tinto\tone\tgate,\tit would\t show\t in\t his\t tea\t ceremonyand\t indeed\t Sen\t no\t Rikyu\t had\t to\t leave\t die ceremony\t early,\t unable\t to\t endure\t the\t affectation\t and\t effort\t it\t inadvertently revealed. On\tanother\tevening,\twhile\thaving\ttea\tat\ta\tfriend's\thouse,\tRikyu\tsaw\this\thost go\toutside,\thold\tup\ta\tlantern\tin\tthe\tdarkness,\tcut\ta\tlemon\toff\ta\ttree,\tand\tbring\tit in.\tThis\tcharmed\tRikyuthe\thost\tneeded\ta\trelish\tfor\tdie\tdish\the\twas\tserving,\tand had\tspontaneously\tgone\toutside\tto\tget\tone.\tBut\twhen\tthe\tman\toffered\tdie\tlemon with\tsome\tOsaka\trice\tcake,\tRikyu\trealized\tthat\the\thad\tplanned\tthe\tcutting\tof\tthe lemon\t all\t along,\t to\t go\t with\t this\t expensive\t delicacy.\t The\t gesture\t no\t longer seemed\t spontaneousit\t was\t a\t way\t for\t die\t host\t to\t prove\t his\t cleverness.\t He\t had accidentally\t revealed\t how\t hard\t he\t was\t trying.\t Having\t seen\t enough,\t Rikyu politely\tdeclined\tthe\tcake,\texcused\thimself,\tand\tleft. Emperor\t Hideyoshi\t once\t planned\t to\t visit\t Rikyu\t for\t a\t tea\t ceremony.\t On\t the night\t before\t he\t was\t to\t come,\t snow\t began\t to\t fall.\t Thinking\t quickly,\t Rikyu\t laid round\tcushions\tthat\tfit\texacdy\ton\teach\tof\tdie\tstepping-stones\tthat\tled\tthrough\tthe garden\tto\this\thouse.\tJust\tbefore\tdawn,\the\trose,\tsaw\tthat\tit\thad\tstopped\tsnowing, and\tcarefully\tremoved\tthe\tcushions.\tWhen\tHideyoshi\tarrived,\the\tmarveled\tat\tthe simple\tbeauty\tof\tdie\tsightthe\tper-fecdy\tround\tstepping\tstones,\tunencumbered\tby snowand\t noticed\t how\t it\t called\t no\t attention\t to\t die\t manner\t in\t which\t Rikyu\t had accomplished\tit,\tbut\tonly\tto\tdie\tpolite\tgesture\titself. After\tSen\tno\tRikyu\tdied,\this\tideas\thad\ta\tprofound\tinfluence\ton\tthe\tpractice of\tthe\ttea\tceremony.\tThe\tTokugawa\tshogun\tYorinobu,\tson\tof\tdie\tgreat\tEmperor Ieyasu,\twas\ta\tstudent\tof\tRikyu's\tteachings.\tIn\this\tgarden\the\thad\ta\tstone\tlantern made\tby\ta\tfamous\tmaster,\tand\tLord\tSakai\tTadakatsu\tasked\tif\the\tcould\tcome\tby one\t day\t to\t see\t it.\t Yorinobu\t replied\t diat\t he\t would\t be\t honored,\t and\t commanded his\tgardeners\tto\tput\teverything\tin\torder\tfor\tthe\tvisit.\tThese\tgardeners,\tunfamiliar with\t the\t precepts\t of\t Cha-no-yu,\t thought\t die\t stone\t lantern\t misshapen,\t its windows\tbeing\ttoo\tsmall\tfor\tdie\tpresent\ttaste.\tThey\thad\ta\tlocal\tworkman\tenlarge the\twindows.\tA\tfew\tdays\tbefore\tLord\tSakai's\tvisit,\tYorinobu\ttoured\tthe\tgarden. When\the\tsaw\tdie\tal- tered\twindows\the\texploded\twith\trage,\tready\tto\timpale\ton\this\tsword\tthe\tfool who\thad\truined\tthe\tlantern,\tupsetting\tits\tnatural\tgrace\tand\tdestroying\tthe\twhole purpose\tof\tLord\tSakai's\tvisit.","When\t Yorinobu\t calmed\t down,\t however,\t he\t remembered\t that\t he\t had originally\t bought\t two\t of\t the\t lanterns,\t and\t that\t the\t second\t was\t in\t his\t garden\t on the\tisland\tof\tKishu.\tAt\tgreat\texpense,\the\thired\ta\twhale\tboat\tand\tthe\tfinest\trowers he\t could\t find,\t ordering\t them\t to\t bring\t the\t lantern\t to\t him\t within\t two\t daysa difficult\tfeat\tat\tbest.\tBut\tthe\tsailors\trowed\tday\tand\tnight,\tand\twith\tthe\tluck\tof\ta good\t wind\t they\t arrived\t just\t in\t time.\t To\t Yori-nobu's\t delight,\t this\t stone\t lantern was\tmore\tmagnificent\tthan\tthe\tfirst,\tfor\tit\thad\tstood\tuntouched\tfor\ttwenty\tyears in\t a\t bamboo\t thicket,\t acquiring\t a\t brilliant\t antique\t appearance\t and\t a\t delicate covering\tof\tmoss.\tWhen\tLord\tSakai\tarrived,\tlater\tthat\tsame\tday,\the\twas\tawed\tby the\tlantern,\twhich\twas\tmore\tmagnificent\tthan\the\thad\timaginedso\tgraceful\tand\tat one\t with\t the\t elements.\t Fortunately\t he\t had\t no\t idea\t what\t time\t and\t effort\t it\t had cost\tYorinobu\tto\tcreate\tthis\tsublime\teffect. Interpretation To\t Sen\t no\t Rikyu,\t the\t sudden\t appearance\t of\t something\t naturally,\t almost accidentally\t graceful\t was\t the\t height\t of\t beauty.\t This\t beauty\t came\t without warning\t and\t seemed\t effortless.\t Nature\t created\t such\t things\t by\t its\t own\t laws\t and processes,\tbut\tmen\thad\tto\tcreate\ttheir\teffects\tthrough\tlabor\tand\tcontrivance.\tAnd when\tthey\tshowed\tthe\teffort\tof\tproducing\tthe\teffect,\tthe\teffect\twas\tspoiled.\tThe gate\tcame\tfrom\ttoo\tfar\taway,\tthe\tcutting\tof\tthe\tlemon\tlooked\tcontrived. You\t will\t often\t have\t to\t use\t tricks\t and\t ingenuity\t to\t create\t your\t effects\t the cushions\t in\t the\t snow,\t the\t men\t rowing\t all\t nightbut\t your\t audience\t must\t never suspect\tthe\twork\tor\tthe\tthinking\tthat\thas\tgone\tinto\tthem.\tNature\tdoes\tnot\treveal its\ttricks,\tand\twhat\timitates\tnature\tby\tappearing\teffortless\tapproximates\tnature's power. OBSERVANCE\tOF\tTHE\tLAW\tII The\t great\t escape\t artist\t Harry\t Houdini\t once\t advertised\t his\t act\t as\t \u201cThe Impossible\tPossible.\u201d\tAnd\tindeed\tthose\twho\twitnessed\this\tdramatic\tescapes\tfelt that\twhat\the\tdid\tonstage\tcontradicted\tcommonsense\tideas\tof\thuman\tcapacity. One\t evening\t in\t 1904,\t an\t audience\t of\t 4,000\t Londoners\t filled\t a\t theater\t to watch\t Houdini\t accept\t a\t challenge:\t to\t escape\t from\t a\t pair\t of\t manacles\t billed\t as the\tstrongest\tever\tinvented.\tThey\tcontained\tsix\tsets\tof\tlocks\tand\tnine\ttumblers\tin each\tcuff;\ta\tBirmingham\tmaker\thad\tspent\tfive\tyears\tconstructing\tthem.\tExperts who\t examined\t them\t said\t they\t had\t never\t seen\t anything\t so\t intricate,\t and\t this intricacy\twas\tthought\tto\tmake\tthem\timpossible\tto\tescape. The\t crowd\t watched\t the\t experts\t secure\t the\t manacles\t on\t Houdini's\t wrists. Then\tthe\tescape\tartist\tentered\ta\tblack\tcabinet\ton\tstage.\tThe\tminutes swallows\tover\twillow\ttrees.\tWhen\tMasamune\tsaw\tthe\tfinished\twork\the\twas as\t overjoyed\t at\t the\t artist's\t skill\t as\t he\t had\t previously\t been\t annoyed\t at\t the apparent\tmess\the\twas\tmaking\tof\tthe\tscreens.","CHA-NO-YU! THE\tJAPANESE\tTEA CEREMONY A.\tL.\tSadler,\t1962 There\t was\t once\t a\t wrestling\t master\t who\t was\t versed\t in\t 360\t feints\t and\t holds. He\ttook\ta\tspecial\tliking\tto\tone\tof\this\tpupils,\tto\twhom\the\ttaught\t359\tof\tthem\tover a\tperiod\tof\ttime.\tSomehow\the\tnever\tgot\taround\tto\tthe\tlast\ttrick.\tAs\tmonths\twent by\t the\t young\t man\t became\t so\t proficient\t in\t the\t art\t that\t he\t bested\t everyone\t who dared\t to\t face\t him\t in\t the\t ring.\t He\t was\t so\t proud\t of\t his\t prowess\t that\t one\t day\t he boasted\tbefore\tthe\tsultan\tthat\the\tcould\treadily\twhip\this\tmaster,\twere\tit\tnot\tout\tof respect\tfor\this\tage\tand\tgratitude\tfor\this\ttutelage. The\t sultan\t became\t incensed\t at\t this\t irreverence\t and\t ordered\t an\t immediate match\twith\tthe\troyal\tcourt\tin\tattendance.\tAt\tthe\tgong\tthe\tyouth\tbarged\tforward with\ta\tlusty\tyell,\tonly\tto\tbe\tconfronted\twith\tthe\tunfamiliar\t360th\tfeint. The\tmaster\tseized\this\tformer\tpupil,\tlifted\thim\thigh\tabove\this\thead,\tand\tflung him\t crashing\t to\t the\t ground.\t The\t sultan\t and\t the\t assembly\t let\t out\t a\t loud\t cheer. When\t the\t sultan\t asked\t the\t master\t how\t he\t was\t able\t to\t overcome\t such\t a\t strong opponent,\t the\t master\t confessed\t that\t he\t had\t reserved\t a\t secret\t technique\t for himself\tfor\tjust\tsuch\ta\tcontingency.\tThen\the\trelated\tthe\tlamentation\tof\ta\tmaster of\t archery,\t who\t taught\t everything\t he\t knew.\t \u201cNo\t one\t has\t learned\t archery\t from me,\u201d\t the\t poor\t fellow\t complained,\t \u201cwho\t has\t not\t tried\t to\t use\t me\t as\t a\t butt\t in\t the end.\u201d A\tSTORY\tOF\tSAADI, AS\tTOLD\tIN THE\tCRAFT\tOF\tPOWER, R.G.\tH.\tSiu,\t1979 went\t by;\t the\t more\t time\t passed,\t the\t more\t certain\t it\t seemed\t that\t these manacles\t would\t be\t die\t first\t to\t defeat\t him.\t At\t one\t point\t he\t emerged\t from\t the cabinet,\t and\t asked\t diat\t die\t cuffs\t be\t temporarily\t removed\t so\t diat\t he\t could\t take off\this\tcoatit\twas\thot\tinside.\tThe\tchallengers\trefused,\tsuspecting\this\trequest\twas a\t trick\t to\t find\t out\t how\t the\t locks\t worked.\t Undeterred,\t and\t without\t using\t his hands,\t Houdini\t managed\t to\t lift\t die\t coat\t over\t his\t shoulders,\t turn\t it\t inside\t out, remove\ta\tpenknife\tfrom\this\tvest\tpocket\twidi\this\tteeth,\tand,\tby\tmoving\this\thead, cut\tthe\tcoat\toff\this\tarms.\tFreed\tfrom\tdie\tcoat,\the\tstepped\tback\tinto\tthe\tcabinet, the\taudience\troaring\twith\tapproval\tat\this\tgrace\tand\tdexterity. Finally,\t having\t kept\t the\t audience\t waiting\t long\t enough,\t Houdini\t emerged from\t the\t cabinet\t a\t second\t time,\t now\t widi\t his\t hands\t free,\t die\t manacles\t raised high\t in\t triumph.\t To\t diis\t day\t no\t one\t knows\t how\t he\t managed\t me\t escape. Altfiough\t he\t had\t taken\t close\t to\t an\t hour\t to\t free\t himself,\t he\t had\t never\t looked","concerned,\thad\tshown\tno\tsign\tof\tdoubt.\tIndeed\tit\tseemed\tby\tdie\tend\tdiat\the\thad drawn\t out\t die\t escape\t as\t a\t way\t to\t heighten\t die\t drama,\t to\t make\t the\t audience worryfor\t tiiere\t was\t no\t other\t sign\t diat\t die\t performance\t had\t been\t anydiing\t but easy.\tThe\tcomplaint\tabout\tdie\theat\twas\tequally\tpart\tof\tdie\tact.\tThe\tspectators\tof diis\t and\t odier\t Houdini\t performances\t must\t have\t felt\t he\t was\t toying\t widi\t them: These\t manacles\t are\t nothing,\t he\t seemed\t to\t say,\t I\t could\t have\t freed\t myself\t a\t lot sooner,\tand\tfrom\ta\tlot\tworse. Over\t the\t years,\t Houdini\t escaped\t from\t die\t chained\t carcass\t of\t an\t embalmed \u201csea\t monster\u201d\t (a\t half\t octopus,\t half\t whalelike\t beast\t diat\t had\t beached\t near Boston);\t he\t had\t himself\t sealed\t inside\t an\t enormous\t envelope\t from\t which\t he emerged\twidiout\tbreaking\tdie\tpaper;\the\tpassed\ttiirough\tbrick\twalls;\the\twriggled free\tfrom\tstraitjackets\twhile\tdangling\thigh\tin\tdie\tair;\the\tleaped\tfrom\tbridges\tinto icy\twaters,\this\thands\tmanacled\tand\this\tlegs\tin\tchains;\the\thad\thimself\tsubmerged in\t glass\t cases\t full\t of\t water,\t hands\t padlocked,\t while\t the\t audience\t watched\t in amazement\tas\the\tworked\thimself\tfree,\tstruggling\tfor\tclose\tto\tan\thour\tapparentiy without\tbreadiing.\tEach\ttime\the\tseemed\tto\tcourt\tcertain\tdeadi\tyet\tsurvived\twith superhuman\t aplomb.\t Meanwhile,\t he\t said\t nothing\t about\t his\t mediods,\t gave\t no clues\tas\tto\thow\the\taccomplished\tany\tof\this\ttrickshe\tleft\this\taudiences\tand\tcritics speculating,\t his\t power\t and\t reputation\t enhanced\t by\t tiieir\t struggles\t with\t die inexplicable.\tPerhaps\tthe\tmost\tbaffling\ttrick\tof\tall\twas\tmaking\ta\tten-tiiou-sand- pound\telephant\tdisappear\tbefore\tan\taudience's\teyes,\ta\tfeat\the\trepeated\ton\tstage for\tover\tnineteen\tweeks.\tNo\tone\thas\tever\treally\texplained\thow\the\tdid\tdiis,\tfor\tin die\t auditorium\t where\t he\t performed\t the\t trick,\t there\t was\t simply\t nowhere\t for\t an elephant\tto\thide. The\t effortlessness\t of\t Houdini's\t escapes\t led\t some\t to\t drink\t he\t used\t occult forces,\t his\t superior\t psychic\t abilities\t giving\t him\t special\t control\t over\t his\t body. But\t a\t German\t escape\t artist\t named\t Kleppini\t claimed\t to\t know\t Houdini's\t secret: He\t simply\t used\t elaborate\t gadgets.\t Kleppini\t also\t claimed\t to\t have\t defeated Houdini\tin\ta\thandcuff\tchallenge\tin\tHolland. Houdini\tdid\tnot\tmind\tall\tkinds\tof\tspeculation\tfloating\taround\tabout his\t methods,\t but\t he\t would\t not\t tolerate\t an\t outright\t lie,\t and\t in\t 1902\t he challenged\t Kleppini\t to\t a\t handcuff\t duel.\t Kleppini\t accepted.\t Through\t a\t spy,\t he found\tout\tthe\tsecret\tword\tto\tunlock\ta\tpair\tof\tFrench\tcombination-lock\tcuffs\tthat Houdini\tliked\tto\tuse.\tHis\tplan\twas\tto\tchoose\tthese\tcuffs\tto\tescape\tfrom\tonstage. This\t would\t definitively\t debunk\t Houdinihis\t \u201cgenius\u201d\t simply\t lay\t in\t his\t use\t of mechanical\tgadgets. On\tthe\tnight\tof\tthe\tchallenge,\tjust\tas\tKleppini\thad\tplanned,\tHoudini\toffered him\t a\t choice\t of\t cuffs\t and\t he\t selected\t the\t ones\t with\t the\t combination\t lock.\t He was\teven\table\tto\tdisappear\twith\tthem\tbehind\ta\tscreen\tto\tmake\ta\tquick\ttest,\tand","reemerged\tseconds\tlater,\tconfident\tof\tvictory. Acting\t as\t if\t he\t sensed\t fraud,\t Houdini\t refused\t to\t lock\t Kleppini\t in\t the\t cuffs. The\ttwo\tmen\targued\tand\tbegan\tto\tfight,\teven\twrestling\twith\teach\tother\tonstage. After\ta\tfew\tminutes\tof\tthis,\tan\tapparently\tangry,\tfrustrated\tHoudini\tgave\tup\tand locked\t Kleppini\t in\t the\t cuffs.\t For\t the\t next\t few\t minutes\t Kleppini\t strained\t to\t get free.\t Something\t was\t wrongminutes\t earlier\t he\t had\t opened\t the\t cuffs\t behind\t the screen;\t now\t the\t same\t code\t no\t longer\t worked.\t He\t sweated,\t racking\t his\t brains. Hours\t went\t by,\t the\t audience\t left,\t and\t finally\t an\t exhausted\t and\t humiliated Kleppini\tgave\tup\tand\tasked\tto\tbe\treleased. The\tcuffs\tthat\tKleppini\thimself\thad\topened\tbehind\tthe\tscreen\twith\tdie\tword \u201cC-L-E-F-S\u201d\t(French\tfor\t\u201ckeys\u201d)\tnow\tclicked\topen\tonly\twith\tthe\tword\t\u201cF-R-A- U-D.\t \u201dKleppini\t never\t figured\t out\t how\t Houdini\t had\t accomplished\t this\t uncanny feat. Keep\tthe\textent\tof\tyour\tabilities\tunknown.\tThe\twise\tman\tdoes\tnot\tallow\this knowledge\tand\tabilities\tto\tbe\tsounded\tto\tthe\tbottom,\tif\the\tdesires\tto\tbe\thonored by\t all.\t He\t allows\t you\t to\t know\t them\t but\t not\t to\t comprehend\t them.\t No\t one\t must know\t the\t extent\t of\t his\t abilities,\t lest\t he\t be\t disappointed.\t No\t one\t ever\t has\t an opportunity\t of\t fathoming\t him\t entirely.\t For\t guesses\t and\t doubts\t about\t the\t extent of\this\ttalents\tarouse\tmore\tveneration\tthan\taccurate\tknowledge\tof\tthem,\tbe\tthey ever\tso\tgreat. Baltasar\tGracian,\t1601-1658 Interpretation Although\t we\t do\t not\t know\t for\t certain\t how\t Houdini\t accomplished\t many\t of his\tmost\tingenious\tescapes,\tone\tthing\tis\tclear:\tIt\twas\tnot\tthe\toccult,\tor\tany\tkind of\t magic,\t mat\t gave\t him\t his\t powers,\t but\t hard\t work\t and\t endless\t practice,\t all\t of which\t he\t carefully\t concealed\t from\t the\t world.\t Houdini\t never\t left\t anything\t to chanceday\t and\t night\t he\t studied\t the\t workings\t of\t locks,\t researched\t centuries-old sleight-of-hand\t tricks,\t pored\t over\t books\t on\t mechanics,\t whatever\t he\t could\t use. Every\tmoment\tnot\tspent\tresearching\the\tspent\tworking\this\tbody,\tkeeping\thimself exceptionally\tlimber,\tand\tlearning\thow\tto\tcontrol\this\tmuscles\tand\this\tbreathing. Early\t on\t in\t Houdini's\t career,\t an\t old\t Japanese\t performer\t whom\t he\t toured with\ttaught\thim\tan\tancient\ttrick:\thow\tto\tswallow\tan\tivory\tball,\tfhen\tbring\tit\tback up.\tHe\tpracticed\tthis\tendlessly\twith\ta\tsmall\tpeeled\tpotato\ttied\tto\ta\tstringup\tand down\t he\t would\t manipulate\t the\t potato\t wim\t his\t throat\t muscles,\t until\t they\t were strong\t enough\t to\t move\t it\t without\t the\t string.\t The\t organizers\t of\t the\t London handcuff\t challenge\t had\t searched\t Houdini's\t body\t thoroughly\t beforehand,\t but\t no one\t could\t check\t the\t inside\t of\t his\t throat,\t where\t he\t could\t have\t concealed\t small tools\tto\thelp\thim\tescape.\tEven\tso,\tKleppini\twas\tfundamentally\twrong:\tIt\twas\tnot Houdini's\t tools\t but\t his\t practice,\t work,\t and\t research\t that\t made\t his\t escapes","possible. Kleppini,\t in\t fact,\t was\t completely\t outwitted\t by\t Houdini,\t who\t set\t the\t whole thing\tup.\tHe\tlet\this\topponent\tlearn\tthe\tcode\tto\tthe\tFrench\tcuffs, LAW\t30 then\t baited\t him\t into\t choosing\t those\t cuffs\t onstage.\t Then,\t during\t the\t two men's\t tussle,\t the\t dexterous\t Houdini\t was\t able\t to\t change\t the\t code\t to\t \u201cF-R-A-U- D.\u201d\t He\t had\t spent\t weeks\t practicing\t this\t trick,\t but\t the\t audience\t saw\t none\t of\t the sweat\t and\t toil\t behind\t the\t scenes.\t Nor\t was\t Houdini\t ever\t nervous;\t he\t induced nervousness\t in\t others.\t (He\t deliberately\t dragged\t out\t the\t time\t it\t would\t take\t to escape,\t as\t a\t way\t of\t heightening\t the\t drama,\t and\t making\t the\t audience\t squirm.) His\t escapes\t from\t death,\t always\t graceful\t and\t easy,\t made\t him\t look\t like\t a superman. As\t a\t person\t of\t power,\t you\t must\t research\t and\t practice\t endlessly\t before appearing\tin\tpublic,\tonstage\tor\tanywhere\telse.\tNever\texpose\tthe\tsweat\tand\tlabor behind\t your\t poise.\t Some\t think\t such\t exposure\t will\t demonstrate\t their\t diligence and\t honesty,\t but\t it\t actually\t just\t makes\t them\t look\t weakeras\t if\t anyone\t who practiced\t and\t worked\t at\t it\t could\t do\t what\t they\t had\t done,\t or\t as\t if\t they\t weren't really\tup\tto\tthe\tjob.\tKeep\tyour\teffort\tand\tyour\ttricks\tto\tyourself\tand\tyou\tseem\tto have\t the\t grace\t and\t ease\t of\t a\t god.\t One\t never\t sees\t the\t source\t of\t a\t god's\t power revealed;\tone\tonly\tsees\tits\teffects. A\tline\t[of\tpoetry]\twill\ttake\tus\thours\tmaybe; Yet\tif\tit\tdoes\tnot\tseem\ta\tmoment's\tthought, Our\tstitching\tand\tunstitching\thas\tbeen\tnaught. Adam's\tCurse,\tWilliam\tButler\tYeats,\t1865-1939 KEYS\tTO\tPOWER Humanity's\t first\t notions\t of\t power\t came\t from\t primitive\t encounters\t with\t na- turethe\tflash\tof\tlightning\tin\tthe\tsky,\ta\tsudden\tflood,\tthe\tspeed\tand\tferocity\tof\ta wild\t animal.\t These\t forces\t required\t no\t thinking,\t no\t planningthey\t awed\t us\t by their\tsudden\tappearance,\ttheir\tgracefulness,\tand\ttheir\tpower\tover\tlife\tand\tdeath. And\tthis\tremains\tthe\tkind\tof\tpower\twe\thave\talways\twanted\tto\timitate.\tThrough science\t and\t technology\t we\t have\t re-created\t the\t speed\t and\t sublime\t power\t of nature,\tbut\tsomething\tis\tmissing:\tOur\tmachines\tare\tnoisy\tand\tjerky,\tthey\treveal their\t effort.\t Even\t the\t very\t best\t creations\t of\t technology\t cannot\t root\t out\t our admiration\tfor\tthings\tthat\tmove\teasily\tand\teffortlessly.\tThe\tpower\tof\tchildren\tto bend\t us\t to\t their\t will\t comes\t from\t a\t kind\t of\t seductive\t charm\t that\t we\t feel\t in\t the presence\tof\ta\tcreature\tless\treflective\tand\tmore\tgraceful\tthan\twe\tare.\tWe\tcannot return\tto\tsuch\ta\tstate,\tbut\tif\twe\tcan\tcreate\tthe\tappearance\tof\tthis\tkind\tof\tease,\twe elicit\t in\t others\t the\t kind\t of\t primitive\t awe\t that\t nature\t has\t always\t evoked\t in humankind."]
Search
Read the Text Version
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
- 60
- 61
- 62
- 63
- 64
- 65
- 66
- 67
- 68
- 69
- 70
- 71
- 72
- 73
- 74
- 75
- 76
- 77
- 78
- 79
- 80
- 81
- 82
- 83
- 84
- 85
- 86
- 87
- 88
- 89
- 90
- 91
- 92
- 93
- 94
- 95
- 96
- 97
- 98
- 99
- 100
- 101
- 102
- 103
- 104
- 105
- 106
- 107
- 108
- 109
- 110
- 111
- 112
- 113
- 114
- 115
- 116
- 117
- 118
- 119
- 120
- 121
- 122
- 123
- 124
- 125
- 126
- 127
- 128
- 129
- 130
- 131
- 132
- 133
- 134
- 135
- 136
- 137
- 138
- 139
- 140
- 141
- 142
- 143
- 144
- 145
- 146
- 147
- 148
- 149
- 150
- 151
- 152
- 153
- 154
- 155
- 156
- 157
- 158
- 159
- 160
- 161
- 162
- 163
- 164
- 165
- 166
- 167
- 168
- 169
- 170
- 171
- 172
- 173
- 174
- 175
- 176
- 177
- 178
- 179
- 180
- 181
- 182
- 183
- 184
- 185
- 186
- 187
- 188
- 189
- 190
- 191
- 192
- 193
- 194
- 195
- 196
- 197
- 198
- 199
- 200
- 201
- 202
- 203
- 204
- 205
- 206
- 207
- 208
- 209
- 210
- 211
- 212
- 213
- 214
- 215
- 216
- 217
- 218
- 219
- 220
- 221
- 222
- 223
- 224
- 225
- 226
- 227
- 228
- 229
- 230
- 231
- 232
- 233
- 234
- 235
- 236
- 237
- 238
- 239
- 240
- 241
- 242
- 243
- 244
- 245
- 246
- 247
- 248
- 249
- 250
- 251
- 252
- 253
- 254
- 255
- 256
- 257
- 258
- 259
- 260
- 261
- 262
- 263
- 264
- 265
- 266
- 267
- 268
- 269
- 270
- 271
- 272
- 273
- 274
- 275
- 276
- 277
- 278
- 279
- 280
- 281
- 282
- 283
- 284
- 285
- 286
- 287
- 288
- 289
- 290
- 291
- 292
- 293
- 294
- 295
- 296
- 297
- 298
- 299
- 300
- 301
- 302
- 303
- 304
- 305
- 306
- 307
- 308
- 309
- 310
- 311
- 312
- 313
- 314
- 315
- 316
- 317
- 318
- 319
- 320
- 321
- 322
- 323
- 324
- 325
- 326
- 327
- 328
- 329
- 330
- 331
- 332
- 333
- 334
- 335
- 336
- 337
- 338
- 339
- 340
- 341
- 342
- 343
- 344
- 345
- 346
- 347
- 348
- 349
- 350
- 351
- 352
- 353
- 354
- 355
- 356
- 357
- 358
- 359
- 360
- 361
- 362
- 363
- 364
- 365
- 366
- 367
- 368
- 369
- 370
- 371
- 372
- 373
- 374
- 375
- 376
- 377
- 378
- 379
- 380
- 381
- 382
- 383
- 384
- 385
- 386
- 387
- 388
- 389
- 390
- 391
- 392
- 393
- 394
- 395
- 396
- 397
- 398
- 399
- 400
- 401
- 402
- 403
- 404
- 405
- 406
- 407
- 408
- 409
- 410
- 411
- 412
- 413
- 414
- 415
- 416
- 417
- 418
- 419
- 420
- 421
- 422
- 423
- 424
- 425
- 426
- 427
- 428
- 429
- 430
- 431
- 432
- 433
- 434
- 435
- 436
- 437
- 438
- 439
- 440
- 441
- 442
- 443
- 444
- 445
- 446
- 447
- 448
- 449
- 450
- 451
- 452
- 453
- 454
- 455
- 456
- 457
- 458
- 459
- 460
- 461
- 462
- 463
- 464
- 465
- 466
- 467
- 468
- 469
- 470
- 471
- 472
- 473
- 474
- 475
- 476
- 477
- 478
- 479
- 480
- 481
- 482
- 483
- 484
- 485
- 486
- 487
- 488
- 489
- 490
- 491
- 492
- 493
- 494
- 495
- 496
- 497
- 498
- 499
- 500
- 501
- 502
- 503
- 504
- 505
- 506
- 507
- 508
- 509
- 510
- 511
- 512
- 513
- 514
- 515
- 516
- 517
- 518
- 519
- 520
