["kotdm- a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS bma-{]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\-I\u0192: Hcp BapJw tUm. sPbnwkv amXyp ]m\u00bamd kn.F- w.s- F BapJw 2022 Unkw_- \u00bf 25\u02db- mw XobX- n, kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aep_- nj- \u220fv am\u00bf tPm\u00bf\u00f7v Be- t\u00a9cn ]nXmhv hnfw_- cw sNbXv v \\\\S\u220f- ne- m\u00b0- nb (promulgated) kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS aeb- mf- `- mj- - bne- p\u2248- bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m ]pkXv I- \u00d8- ns\u201a H\u2202mw hmeyw ssIbns- eS- p\u00d8- t- \u220fm\u0192 tXm\u2202nb Hcp Ahm- Nym\\\\- \u00b5- w, I\u00bf\u2126e- I- pk- pa- \u00d8- ns\u201a A\\\\ph- mN- I- t- cmSv ]\u00b6ph- b- \u00b0v ph- m\\\\- p\u2248 Xo{ha- mb B{Kl- a- mWv Cu teJ\\\\- s- ag- pX- phm\u2265 Fs\u2202 t{]cn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- .v ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnX- b- nse (CCEO) 1488\u02db- mw Imt\\\\m\\\\- b- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev \\\"- \\\"\\\\nba- \u00df- \u0192 {]m_e- y\u00d8- n\u00ac hcp\u2202- Xv hnf- w_- c- w- hg- nb- mW'v ' (Laws are established by promulgation). am\u00bf Bet- \u00a9cn ]nXmh- ns\u201a hnfw_- c Un{In (promulgation decree) bneqsS kotdm- \u02dba- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS aeb- mf- `- mj- b- ne- p\u2248 BZys\u00d8 HutZymK- nI- a- mb- , \\\\nba- ]- c- a- mb- , bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 \\\\neh- n\u00ac h\u2202t- XmS- pI- qSn Hc\u00bf\u221e\u00d8- n\u00ac ]d\u2122- m\u00ac kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k` ]q\u00bf\u00c6a- mbpw Hcp \\\"k`'bmbn- \u00d8o\u00bf\u2202p F\u2202 hkXv pX- , Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- h- n\u2044- m\\\\- ob (Liturgical Theology) ]chpw Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- m\u2264- ym- \ufb02nI (Liturgical Spirituality) ]ch- pa- mbn hfs- ct- bsd {]m[m\\\\- ya- \u00bfln\u00b0- p\u2202 H\u2202mW- .v hnfw_- c Un{In (Prot. No. 1188\/2022) bn\u00ac hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202- X- pt- ]ms- e, kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf kn\\\\U- ns\u201a 2022 HmK\u00c3v amk- \u00d8nse skj\\\\- n\u00ac (The second session of XXX Synod) AwKoI- c- n\u00aev ]cni- p\u2264 knwlmk- \\\\- \u00d8- ns\u201a AwKoI- mc- t- \u00d8msS (Nihil Obstat of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches: Prot. N. 248\/2004, dated 30 September 2022) 2023 P\\\\ph- cn 6\u02dbmw XobXn Cu ]pXnb bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 \\\\neh- n\u00ac hcpt- \u00bam\u0192, kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- ]- c- nj- Iv c- W- hpw \\\\hoI- c- W- hpw (Liturgical Restoration and Re- newal) Hcp ]pXnb Xe\u00d8- nt- e\u00b0v F\u00d8nt- \u00ae\u00bf\u2202nc- n\u00b0- pI- b- mW- .v 1. Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- hpw (Liturgy) bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- fpw (Liturgy of the Hours) It\u00d8me- n\u00b0m Xncp\u00a0- `- b- psS B\u00a5c- nI\\\\hoI- c- Ww e\u00a3ywh\u00aeps- Im\u2260v Bcw`- n\u00ae c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kne- ns\u201a ]Xn\\\\- mdv {]amW- t- cJ- I- f- n\u00ac H\u2202ma- t- \u00d8Xv Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- s- \u00d8\u220f- \u2030- nb- p\u2248 {]amW- t- cJ- b- mb kmt{Imk- mMvXpw sIm\u00a8Noe- nbpw (Sacrosanctum Concilium) BWv F\u2202X- pX- s- \u2202, Xncp\u00a0- `- b- psS B\ufb02ob \\\\hoI- c- W- {- ]{- Inb- b- n\u00ac Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- \u00d8- n\\\\- p\u2248 AXpe- ya- mb ]\u00b6v hyRPv n\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260- .v B {]amW- t- cJ- b- psS 10\u02db- mw JWUv nI C\u00dfs\\\\ ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"k`b- psS {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- wX- s\u2202 Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- - amI- p\u2202 AXyp\u2202- X \u00ffm\\\\t- \u00d8\u00b0- mWv Xncn\u2122- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X;v Ahf- psS i\u2021n apgph- \\\\pw \\\\n\u00bf\u00a7fn\u00b0p\u2202- Xpw Ahns- S\\\\- n\u2202- pX- s- \u2202.'' Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- \u00d8- nse Ahi- yL- S- I- \u00df- f- mWv hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- , IqZmi- I- fpw IqZmi- m\\\\- pI- c- W- \u00df- fpw, bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- fpw. s]mX- ps- h, Imt\\\\m\\\\- \\\\- a- k- Iv mcw F\u2202d- nb- s- \u220fS- p\u2202 bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192, bma\u00df- sf hnip\u2264- oI- c- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- p\u2248- Xpw \\\\nc\u00a5- cw {]m\u00bf\u221en\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- p\u2248 hnizmk- nI- f- psS ZuXy\\\\- n\u00bfhl- W- \u00d8- n\\\\- \\\\- p- tbmP- yhpambn Xncp\u00a0- `- ma- mX- mhv Hmtcm hy\u2021nk- `- b- ne- pa- p\u2260- mI- W- s- a\u2202v \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- n\u00ae- n\u00b4- pa- p\u2248- X- mW- .v bma- {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- s- b\u220f- \u2030n c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\ ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"]ucmW- nI- I- mew apXe- p\u2248 ss{IkXv h- ]- mc- \u00ba- cyw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- \u00b0v p\u2260- .v ssZhk- tv Xm{- X\u00df- \u0192 Be]- n\u00ae- ps- Im\u2260v Zn\\\\cm{- X\u00df- \u0192 ]q\u00bf\u00c6- ambn ]hn{- XoI- c- n\u00b0- m\\\\- pX- I- p\u2202 hn[\u00d8- ne- mWv CXv kwhn[- m\\\\w sN\u00f8s- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- .v AXn\\\\- m\u00ac sshZn- It- \\\\m, Xncp\u00a0- `m \\\\nba- a- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev CXn\\\\pth\u2260n \\\\nbp\u2021- c- mb- h- tcm AwKoI- rX- c- oX- nb- n\u00ac sshZnI- s- cm\u00d8v {]m\u00bf\u221en\u00b0- p\u2202 hnizmk- nI- t- fm, al\\\\- ob- a- mb Cu ZnhyK- oXw DNnX- a- mbn \\\\S\u00d8- pt- \u00bam\u0192 AXv aWh- mf- - t\\\\mSv kw`mj- n\u00b0- p\u2202 aWh- m\u00b4- nb- psS bYm\u00bf\u221e kzcwX- s- \u2202b- mb- nc- p\u2202- p.- {Ink- Xv ph- ns\u201a auXnI- i- c- oc- t- \u00d8m- sSm\u2202- n\u00aev ]nXmh- n\\\\v ka\u00bf\u220fn\u00b0- p\u2202 {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- mWv bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ (SC, 84). Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac XpS\u00bf\u2202v C\u00dfs\\\\ {]Jym]- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"X\u2211qew Cu ip{iqj \\\\n\u00bfhl- n\u00b0- p\u2202- h- s- c\u221amw Xncp\u00a0- `- b- psS Hcp I\u00bf\u00d8hyw \\\\ndt- h- \u2030pI am{Xa- \u221a- , {InkvXph- ns\u201a aWh- m\u00b4- nb- psS ]ca- a- mb _lpa- m\\\\\u00d8n\u00ac ]\u00b6p]- \u2030- pI- bpw sN\u00f8p\u2202- p\u2260- v. ImcWw, Cu kXv pXnk- a- \u00bf\u220fWw hgn amXmh- mb Xncp\u00a0- `- b- psS \\\\ma\u00d8- ne- t{X Ah\u00bf ssZhk- nwl- mk- \\\\- - \u00d8n\u2265 ap\u00ban\u00ac \\\\nes- Im\u2248- p\u2202- X- v (SC, 85). Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac {]amW- t- cJ- b- psS XpS\u00bf\u2202p\u2248 JWUv nI- b- n\u00ac \\\\mw C\u00dfs\\\\ hmbn\u00b0- p\u2202- p: \\\"\\\"B\ufb02]- me- \\\\- \u00d8- n\u00ac G\u00bfs\u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 sshZnI- \u00bf \\\\nc\u00a5- cw \\\\n\u00df\u0192 {]m\u00bf\u221en- \u00b0Ww (1 sX\u00a0 5:17) F\u2202 hnip\u2264 ]utemk- ns- \u201a DZtv _m[- \\\\w X\u00df\u0192 A\\\\pk- c- nt- \u00b0\u2260- h- c- ms- W\u2202 XnI\u2122 t_m\u2264y-t\u00d8mSpw Xo\u00a3vW-X-tbmSpw bma-{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ P]n-\u00b0-Ww. Fs\u2202-\u00b0q-SmsX 101","\\\\n\u00df\u0192s\u00b0m\u2202pw km\u2264ya- \u221a (tbml 15:5) F\u2202c- pf- ns- \u00aebXv I\u00bf\u00d8mh- n\\\\v am{Xta Ahc- psS {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- - \u00df\u0192\u00b0v ^eZ- mb- I- X- zhpw ]ptcmK- X- nbpw \\\\eIv m\u2265 Ignb- q. AXps- Im\u2260- mWv Uo\u00b0\u2211- msc \\\\nba- n\u00ae- t- \u220fm\u0192 \u00abol- \u2211- m\u00bf C{]I- mcw ]d\u2122- X:v R\u00df\u0192 {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b\u00b0v pw ssZhh- N- \\\\- i- pi- qj- b\u00b0v pw R\u00dfs- f\u00d8- s\u2202 ]q\u00bf\u00c6a- mbn A\u00bf\u220fnt- \u00b0\u2260- nb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202p'' (A\u220f 6:4)'' (SC, 86). apIf- ne- p\u2264- c- n\u00ae Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac ]T\\\\- \u00df- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- s- b\u220f- \u2030n aq\u2202v Imcy\u00df- \u0192 \\\\\u2126psS a\\\\- \u00a0n\u00ac ]Xnt- b\u2260- X- mb- p\u2260:v 1) bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ k`b- psS Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- \u00d8- ns\u201a (Liturgy) `mKs- a\u2202 \\\\ne- bn\u00ac k`b- psS HutZymK- nI {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- mW- .v AXn\\\\- m\u00ac\u00d8s- \u2202, hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\sbbpw IqZmi- I- - sfbpw t]mse, bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- nepw \\\\mw k`b- psS \\\\ma\u00d8- n\u00ac, k`mwK- \u00df- t- fmSv H\u00d8pt- N\u00bf\u2202mWv {]m\u00bf\u221en- \u00b0p\u2202- X- .v 2) sshZnI- \u00bf bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ sNm\u221a- ph- m\u2265 ISs- \u220f\u00b4- h- c- mW- .v F\u2202m\u00ac CXv sshZnI- \u00bf\u00b0v am{Xa- m- bp\u2248 {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- \u221a- . hnizmk- k- a- ql- w apgph- \\\\- mbpw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- n\u00ac ]\u00b6pt- Nc- p\u2202- Xv kapN- nXw Xs\u2202- bmW- .v 3) ]ptcml- nX- c- psS Zznhn[ [\u00bf\u2126\u00df- \u0192 hN\\\\- {- ]t- Lmj- W- hpw {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- pa- mW- .v ]ptcml- nX- \u2265 k`b- psS \\\\ma\u00d8- n\u00ac _enb- \u00bf\u220fn\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw IqZmi- I- fpw IqZmi- m\\\\- pI- c- W- \u00df- fpw ]cnI- \u00bf\u2126w sN\u00f8ph- m\u2265 ISs- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- pt- ]ms- eX- s- \u2202, bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- f- ne- qsS \\\\nc- \u00a5- c- a- mbn kXv pXnI- f- psS _enI- \u0192 A\u00bf\u220fn- \u00b0ph- m\\\\pw ISs\u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. \\\"\\\"Hmtcm Znhk- s- \u00d8bpw hnip\u2264- oI- c- n\u00b0- pI F\u2202X- mWv bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- psS e\u00a3yw'' (SC, 88). bma- {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ sshZnI- \u00bf\u00b0v am{Xa- p\u2248- X- \u221a F\u2202v It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mk- `- b- psS aXt- _m[- \\\\- {- K\u0178w A\u00bf\u221ei- \u00b6- - b\u00b0v nS- a- n\u221a- m\u00d8 coXnb- n\u00ac hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260- :v \\\"\\\"bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ ssZhP- \\\\- \u00d8- ns\u201a apgph- \\\\pw {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- m- bnc- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 Dt\u00b1yi- n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- n\u00b4- p\u2248- X- mW- .v AXn\u00ac {InkXv pX- s\u2202 \\\"\\\"Xs\u201a k`b- ne- qsS Xs\u201a ]utcml- nX- y- [\u00bf\u2126w XpSc- p\u2202- p.'' Hmtcmc- p\u00d8- cpw k`b- ne- p\u2248 X\u00dff- psS \u00ffm\\\\hpw PohnX- k- ml- N- c- y\u00df- f- pa- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev AXn\u00ac ]\u00b6ps- Im\u2248- p\u2202p: AP]- me- \\\\- i- p{- iqj- b\u00b0v v ka\u00bf\u220fnX- c- mb sshZnI- \u00bf \u02db Ah\u00bf {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- nepw hN\\\\- i- pi- qj- b- nepw D\u2019ml- a- p\u2248- h- c- mI- ph- m\u2265 hnfn\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- h- c- mW;v k\\\\yk- Xv \u00bf \u02db Ahc- psS ka\u00bf\u220fnX- P- o- hnX- \u00df- f- psS kn\u2264nh- gn; F\u221am hnizmk- nI- fpw \u02db Ah\u00bf\u00b0mh- p\u2202- {X'' (CCC 1175). as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d- \u2122m\u00ac, ip{iqj- m]- ut- cml- nX- y\u00d8- ns\u201a hnhn[ ]Sh- pI- f- n\u00acs\u220f\u00b4- h- \u00bf\u00b0pw (Uo\u00b0- \u2265, ]ptcml- nX- \u2265, sa{Xm\u2265) k\\\\yk- Xv \u00bf\u00b0pw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ Hcp ISa- b- ms- W\u00b6- n\u00ac, A\ufb02mb hnizmk- nI- sf kw_\u2018- n\u00ae- nS- t- \u00d8mfw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ Hcp ISa- b- \u221a- , {]XypX- , HchI- miw am{Xa- mW.v A\ufb02mb- h- ni- zmk- nI- fpw a\u2030v PohnX- m\u00a5- - \u00a0n\u00acs\u220f\u00b4 hnizmk- nI- \u0192s\u00b0m\u220fw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- \u00bf\u220fW- \u00d8- ne- qsS X\u00df\u0192\u00b0v amt\u2126mZ- ok- mb- ne- qsS e`n\u00ae cmPI- ob ]utcml- nX- y\u00d8- ns\u201a \\\\n\u00bfhl- W- a- mWv \\\\S\u00d8- p\u2202- s- X\u2202pw It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mk- `- b- psS aXt- _m[- \\\\- - {K\u0178w ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260:v \\\"\\\"Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- n\u00ac, {]tXyI- n\u00aev Rmbd- mgNv kt\u2126f- \\\\- \u00d8- n\u00ac, \\\\mw BtLmj- n\u00b0- p\u2202 {InkvXp-hns\u201a cl-kyw, Ahn-Sps\u00d8 a\\\\p-jym-h-Xm-chpw s]k-lm-bpw, \\\"\\\"Znhy-I\u00bf\u2126w'' F\u2202 bma- {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\bpsS BtLmj- \u00d8- ne- qsS Hmtcm Znhk- \u00d8- ns\u201abpw kab- \u00d8- n\u00ac D\u0192t\u00ae\u00bf\u00b0pI- bpw AXns\\\\ cq]m\u00a5- c- s- \u220fS- p\u00d8- pI- bpw sN\u00f8p\u2202- p. Cu BtLmj- w, \\\"\\\"\\\\nc\u00a5- cw {]m\u00bf\u221en\u00b0- pI'' F\u2202 ss\u00ablnI- ml- zm\\\\- - \u00dft- fmSv hnizk- Xv X ]pe\u00bf\u00d8ns- \u00b0m\u2260,v ssZhk- Xv pX- nb- n\u00ac Zn\\\\c- m{- X\u00df- f- psS apgph- \u2265 KXnt- bbpw hnip- \u2264oI- c- n\u00b0- \u00d8- \u00b0- h- n[- \u00d8- ne- mWv k\u00f7oI- c- n\u00ae- n\u00b4- p\u2248- X- .v k`b- psS s]mX- p{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- n\u00ac hnizmk- nI- \u0192 (ssh- ZnI- \u00bf, k\\\\yk- Xv \u00bf, A\ufb02mb- \u00bf) amt\u2126mZ- ok kzoIc- n\u00ae- h- c- psS cmPI- ob ]utcml- nXyw \\\\n\u00bfhl- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. k` AwKoI- c- n\u00ae cq]\u00d8- n\u00ac BtLmj- n\u00b0- s- \u220fS- pt- \u00bam\u0192 bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ bYm\u00bf\u221e\u00d8- n\u00ac Xs\u201a aWh- mf- - t\\\\mSv kwkmc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 aWh- m\u00b4- nb- psS Xs\u2202 kzca- mW- ;v {InkXv pX- s\u2202 Xs\u201a icoc- t- \u00d8ms- Sm\u220f- w ]nXmh- n- t\\\\mSv \\\\S\u00d8- p\u2202 {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- mW- 'v ' (CCC 1174). 2. bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 ]uckXv y Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- \u00d8- nepw kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS {]tXyI \\\\nba- \u00d8- nepw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ sNm\u221a- ph- m\u2265 ]ptcml- nX- i- p{- iqj- nI- s- f\u221a- mh- cpw ISs- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202p F\u2202v ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnX- b- nse 377-mw Imt\\\\m\\\\ A\\\\pi- mk- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260:v \\\"\\\"]ptcml- nX- i- p{- iqj- nIsf\u221amh- cpw X\u00df- fpsS kzbm[- nI- mc- k- `- b- psS {]tXyI- \\\\- nb- a- \u00d8- n\\\\- \\\\pkrXa- mbn bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 \\\\St- \u00d8\u2260- X- mW- 'v' (CCEO c.377). AXpt- ]ms- eX- s\u2202, k\\\\yk- Xv cpw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ sNm\u221a- ph- m\u2265 ISs- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Hmtcm B{ia- - \u00d8nepw Sn\u220fnt- \u00b0mWpw \\\\nba- m\\\\- pk- rX BNmc- \u00df- f- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev A\\\\pZ- n\\\\ bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 BtLmj- n- \u00b0s- \u220fS- Ww'' (CCEO c.473, \u00a71). \\\"\\\"Hm\u00bfUd- pI- f- ps- Sbpw tIm\u00a8{Knt- Kj- \\\\- pI- f- ps- Sbpw Hmtcm `h\\\\- \u00df- f- nepw \\\\nba- mh- e- nbpw ss\\\\\u00f8ma- nI \\\\S\u220f- pa- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 \\\\S\u00d8- Ww'' (CCEO c.538, \u00a71). CtX D\u00d8c- h- mZ- nXzw skan\\\\- mc- nI- f- n\u00ac sshZnI- ]- c- ni- oe- \\\\w \\\\S\u00d8- p\u2202- h- \u00bf\u00b0pa- p\u2260:v \\\"\\\"X\u00dff- psS kz\u00a5w do\u00d8\\\\- p- kc- n\u00aev bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 ]Xnh- mbn BtLmjn\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 Ah\u00bf ]Tn\u00b0- pI- bpw AXn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw X\u00dff- psS B\u2264ym\ufb02- nI PohnX- ]- c- nt- ]mj- Ww {]m]n\u00b0- pI- bpw sN\u00f8Ww'' (CCEO c.346, \u00a72, 3\u00b0). hnizmk- nI- \u0192\u00b0v bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ sNm\u221a- ph- m\u2265 s]mX- psh ]d\u2122- m\u00ac ISa- b- ns- \u221a\u00b6- nepw 881\u02db- mw Imt\\\\m\\\\- - bpsS H\u2202mw JWUv nI C\u00dfs\\\\ hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Rmbd- mg- Nv I- f- nepw Xncp\\\\- mf- pI- f- nepw hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m- 102","\\\\b- n\u00ac kw_\u2018- n\u00b0- ph- mt\\\\m, kz\u00a5w kzbm[- nI- mc- k- `- b- psS \\\\n_\u2018- \\\\- I- tfm \\\\nba- m\\\\- pk- rX BNmc- \u00df- tfm A\\\\pk- c- n\u00aev bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- f- n\u00ac `mK`- m\u00b0- pI- f- mI- ph- mt\\\\m ss{IkXv h- h- ni- zmk- nI- \u0192\u00b0v ISa- b- p\u2260- .v '' kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS {]tXyI \\\\nba- \u00d8- n\u00ac (Particular Law) bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- \u00bf\u220fn\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- p\u2248 sshZnI- i- p{- iqj- nI- f- psS ISa- s- b\u220f- \u2030n ]uckXv y Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- \u00d8- nse \\\\n_\u2018- \\\\ Bh\u00bf\u00d8n\u00ae- n\u00b4- p\u2260:v \\\"\\\"The clerics in major orders shall celebrate divine praises, preferably together'' (art. 47). AXpt- ]ms- eX- s\u2202 Xmg\u2202v ]\u00b4\u00b0mcpw (minor orders) bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 sNm\u221a- ph- m\u2265 ]Tn\u00b0- W- s- a\u2202pw AXn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v B\u2264ym- \ufb02nI t\\\\\u00b4\u00df- \u0192 ssIhc- n\u00b0- W- s- a\u2202pw kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS {]tXyI \\\\nbaw A\\\\pi- mk- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260v (art. 43, \u00a71). bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 amt\u2126mZok kzoIcn\u00ae hnhn[ PohnXm\u00a5\u00a0- pIfn\u00acs\u220f\u00b4 hnizmknI\u0192\u00b0v am{Xa\u221a, {]XypX ]q\u00bf\u00c6amb A\u00bf\u221e\u00d8n\u00ac k`mwK\u00dff\u221am\u00d8 kv\\\\m\\\\m\u00bf\u221enI\u0192\u00b0pw (Catechumens) ]s\u00b6Sp\u00b0mhp\u2202XmsW\u2202v ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\kwlnXbnse H\u00baXmw Imt\\\\m\\\\bpsS c\u2260mw J\ufb01nIbn\u00ac ImWp\u2202p: \\\"\\\"kv\\\\m\\\\m\u00bf \u221enIfpsSta\u00ac k`bv\u00b0v {]tXyI {i\u2264bp\u2260.v kphntijm [njvTnXamb PohnXw \\\\bn\u00b0phm\u2265 k` Ahsc \u00a3Wn\u00b0pIbpw hn. Ip\u00bf_m\\\\, IqZmiI\u0192, bma {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 F\u2202nhbnep\u2248 `mK`mKnXz\u00d8nte\u00b0v Ahsc \\\\bn\u00b0pIbpw {InkXv ym\\\\nI\u0192\u00b0p am{Xw kz\u00a5ambn\u00b4p\u2248 hnhn[ AhImi\u00df\u0192 Ct\u220fm\u0192 Xs\u2202 Ah\u00bf\u00b0v \\\\\u00acIpIbpw sN\u00f8p\u2202p.'' bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 sshZnIcpw k\\\\ykXv cpw sNm\u221anbm\u00ac am{Xw t]mcm, {]XypX AXv Aeav m b hnizmknIfpsS `mK`- mK- nX- z\u00d8- ne- qsS I\u00d8o{- U\u00ac ]\u2248n XpS\u00dfn CShI tZhmeb\u00dffnse\u221amw Nne Ahkc\u00dffnse\u00b6nepw sNm\u221aWsa\u2202XmWv ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba\u00d8ns\u201a hnh\u00a3: \\\"\\\"kz\u00a5w kzbm[nImc k`bpsS \\\\nbam\\\\pkrXamb BNmc\u00df\u0192\u00b0v A\\\\pkrXambn Xs\u201a B\u00ffm\\\\ tZhmeb\u00d8n\u00ac bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\IfpsS Hcp `mKsa\u00b6nepw \u02db Znhtk\\\\ t]mepw \u02db \\\\S\u00d8s\u220fSp \u2202psh\u2202v cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2265 Dd\u220fphcp\u00d8Ww. Ignbp\u2202nSt\u00d8mfw GsXmcp CShIbnepw Rmb dmgvNIfnepw Xncp\\\\mfpIfnepw a\u2030v BtLm jmhkc\u00dffnepw AhbpsS Xte\u2202mfnepw bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 \\\\S\u00d8s\u220fSphm\\\\pw At\u00b1lw {i\u2264n\u00b0Ww'' (CCEO c. 199,\u00a72). Cu \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i \u00d8ns\u201a XpS\u00bf\u00aebmbn, {]kXv pX Imt\\\\m\\\\bpsS aq\u2202mw J\ufb01nI cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2211mtcmSv C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1in\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"B\u00ffm\\\\ ssZhmeb\u00d8ntem at\u2030sX\u00b6nepw ssZhmeb\u00d8ntem \\\\S\u00b0p\u2202 bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\Ifn\u00ac IqsS\u00b0qsS, {]tXyIn\u00ae,v ISap\u2248 Xncp\\\\mfpIfnepw hnizmknIfpsS KWyamb Hcp `mKw ]s\u00b6Sp\u00b0p\u2202 a\u2030v BtLm jmhkc\u00dffnepw cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2265 apJyIm\u00bf \u2126nIXzw hlnt\u00b0\u2260XmW'v ' (CCEO c.199, \u00a73). bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\bpsS Imcy\u00d8n\u00ac cq]Xm sa{Xm\\\\v kz\u00a5w cq]Xbnep\u2248 D\u00d8chmZnXzw t]mse Xs\u2202, kz\u00a5w s^mtdm\\\\bn\u00ac bm a{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 Bcm[\\\\{Ia]pkvXI\u00dffnse \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1im\\\\pkcWw \\\\S\u00b0p\u2202p\u2260v F\u2202v Dd\u220fp hcpt\u00d8\u2260 NpaXe s^mtdm\\\\ hnImcnam\u00bf \u00b0paps\u2260\u2202v 278 \u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\bpw bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\Ifpw Bcm[\\\\{Ia]pkvXI\u00dffnse \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i\u00df\u0192\u00b0 \\\\pkrXw BtLmjn\u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202psh\u2202pw \u02db ]\u2248nIfpsSbpw hnip\u2264 hkXv p\u00b0fpsSbpw `wKn bpw ipNnXzhpw {]tXyIn\u00aev hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m \\\\bpsS BtLmj\u00d8nepw ZnhyImcpWyw kq\u00a3n \u00b0p\u2202Xnepw \u02db {i\u2264m]q\u00bf\u2206w ]men\u00b0s\u220fSp \u2202psh\u2202pw CShI cPnkv\u2030dpI\u0192 IrXyambn FgpXn kq\u00a3n\u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202psh\u2202pw k`mhkvXp \u00b0\u0192 {i\u2264m]q\u00bfhw `cn\u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202psh\u2202pw Ah km\\\\ambn, sshZnIa\u00b5ncw th\u2260{X {i\u2264tbmsS kq\u00a3n\u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202psh\u2202pw Dd\u220fphcp\u00d8pI'' (CCEO c. 278, \u00a71, 3\u00b0) F\u2202Xv s^mtdm\\\\ hnImcnbpsS ISaIfn\u00acs\u220fSp\u2202p. CShI tZhmebtam ka\u00bf\u220fnX PohnXkaq l\u00d8ns\u201a `h\\\\t\u00d8mSv _\u2018s\u220f\u00b4 tZhmebtam A\u221am\u00d8 tZhmeb\u00dffpsS NpaXebp\u2248 sdIvS\u00bf\u00b0p (CCEO c. 304) t]mepw Xs\u2202 `cta\u00ac\u220fn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202 tZhmeb\u00d8n\u00ac bma{]m\u00bf\u221e \\\\I\u0192 BtLmjn\u00b0mhp\u2202XmsW\u2202v 306\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202p\u2260.v sdIvS-dns\u201a ISaI sf\u220f\u2030n 309\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ hni ZoIcn\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Bcm[\\\\{Ia]pkvXI\u00dffnsebpw \\\\nba\u00d8nsebpw \\\\n_\u2018\\\\I\u0192\u00b0\\\\pkcn\u00aev hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\, IqZmiI\u0192, bma{]m\u00bf\u221e \\\\I\u0192 F\u2202nh ssZhmeb\u00d8n\u00ac BtLmjn \u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202psh\u2202pw ISaI\u0192 hnizkXv Xm]q\u00bfhw \\\\ndth\u2030s\u220fSp\u2202psh\u2202pw k`mhkXv p\u00b0\u0192- {i\u2264m ]q\u00bfhw `cn\u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202psh\u2202pw hnip\u2264 hkvXp \u00b0fpsSbpw sI\u00b4nS\u00dffpsSbpw kwc\u00a3W\u00d8n\\\\pw Ae\u00b6cn\u00b0en\\\\pw G\u00bf\u220fmSv sNbXv n\u00b4ps\u2260\u2202pw \u00ffetae\u2264- y\u00a3- s\u201a A[nImc\u00d8n\u2265 Iognepw \\\\nbam\\\\pkrX \\\\nbamhenI\u0192\u00b0pw B\u00bf\u00f7nX AhImi\u00df\u0192\u00b0pw A\u00bflamb ]cnKW\\\\ sImSp\u00d8psIm\u2260pw ssZhmeb\u00d8ns\u201a sdISv \u00bf Dd\u220fphcpt\u00d8\u2260XmWv. \u00ffe\u00d8ns\u201a ]cnip\u2264n \u00b0pw ssZh`h\\\\\u00d8n\\\\v tN\u00bf\u2202 _lpam\\\\\u00d8n\\\\pw GsX\u00b6nepw hn[\u00d8n\u00ac tbmPn\u00b0m\u00d8 bmsXm \u2202pw sN\u00f8s\u220fSp\u2202ns\u221a\u2202pw At\u00b1lw Dd\u220fm\u00b0Ww'' (CCEO c. 309). 103","bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m{K\u0178\u00df\u0192 k`bpsS Bcm[ \\\\{Ia]pkXv I\u00dffpsS KW\u00d8n\u00ac hcp\u2202hbm bXn\\\\m\u00ac Ah AwKoIcn\u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 A[nImc hpw AhImihpw kzbm[nImck`bpsS sa{Xm\u2265 kn\\\\Un\\\\p\u2248XmW.v ss\u00ablnI knwlmk\\\\ \u00d8ns\u201a ap\u2265Iq\u00b4nbp\u2248 ]cntim[\\\\bpw Nihil Obstat F\u2202 km\u00a3y]{Xhpw e`n\u00aetijw k`mXeh\u2265 Hcp Un{Inhgn hnfw_cw sNbXv v \\\\S\u220fnem\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 am{Xta Hcp bma{]m\u00bf \u221e\\\\m]pkXv Iw B hy\u2021nk`bpsS Bcm[\\\\ {Ia ]pkXv Iambn amdpIbp\u2248q (cf. CCEO c. 657, \u00a71). ]m{Xnbm\u00bf\u00b0\u00ac k`Ifpw taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00b0n F\u220fnktv Im\u220f\u00ac k`Ifpw sa{Xmt\u220fmeo\u00d8\u2265 k`Ifpa\u221am\u00d8 CXc k`Ifn\u00ac, Bcm[\\\\{Ia ]pkvXI\u00df\u0192 AwKoIcn\u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 A[nIm cmhImi\u00df\u0192 ss\u00ablnI knwlmk\\\\\u00d8n\\\\v am{XamW.v bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- fpw ]ckyssZhmc- m[- \\\\- - (pub- lic divine worship) bpsS `mKambXn\\\\m\u00ac, AXn\u00ac \\\"\\\"Fs\u00a5\u00b6nepw Iq\u00b4nt\u00ae\u00bf\u00b0mt\\\\m, \\\\o\u00b0w sN\u00f8mt\\\\m, am\u2030w hcp\u00d8mt\\\\m'' {]kXv pX A[n ImcnI\u0192\u00b0\u221amsX a\u2030m\u00bf\u00b0pw A[nImcans\u221a\u2202v c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0m\u2265 Iu\u00a8knens\u201a Bcm[\\\\{I as\u00d8\u220f\u2030nbp\u2248 {]amWtcJbpw ]uckXv y Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnXbnse 668\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\bpw hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202p (SC, 22, \u00a73, CCEO c. 668, \u00a72). 3. kotdm ae_m\u00bf k`bpsS bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192: Hcp Ncn{XmhtemI\\\\w 1599\u02dbse DZbwt]cq\u00bf kq\\\\ltZmkphsc tIcf\u00d8nse am\u00bft\u00d8m\u2126m \\\\{kmWnIfpsSbnS bn\u00ac \\\\ne\\\\n\u2202ncp\u2202Xv ]uckvXy kpdnbm\\\\n B cm[\\\\{Iaw AYhm I\u00acZmb Bcm[\\\\{Ia ambncp\u2202p F\u2202Xv Hcp \\\\nkvX\u00bf\u00b0nXamb hkvXp XbmWv. AXns\u201a `mKamb bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\Ifpw sshZnI\u00bf sNm\u221anbncp\u2202p F\u2202v \\\\ymbambn A\\\\pam\\\\n\u00b0m\\\\mhpw. F\u2202m\u00ac DZbwt]cq\u00bf kq\\\\ l-tZm-kns\u201a I\u00ac\u220f\\\\{]Imcw e\u00d8o\\\\nIcWw Bcw`n\u00b0pIbpw \\\\nch[n Bcm[\\\\{Ia{K\u0178 \u00df\u0192 ]mjWvUX Btcm]n\u00aev I\u00d8n\u00b0pIbpw sNbXv Xpaqew XpS\u00bf\u2202p\u2248 c\u2260v iXI\u00dffn\u00ac kpdnbm\\\\n It\u00d8men\u00b0 sshZnIcpsSbnSbn\u00ac bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ sNm\u221aen\u00ac am\u2030ap\u2260mbXmbn Ncn{XtcJI\u0192 km\u00a3n\u00b0p\u2202p. CXns\\\\mcp am\u2030w hcp\u00d8phm\\\\p\u2248 G\u2030hpw Xo{hamb {iaw \\\\S \u00d8nb hy\u2021n hnip\u2264 Ipcymt\u00b0mkv Genbmkv Nmhdb\u00ae\\\\mbncp\u2202p. Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 ]meb\u00b0v \u00ac a\u00ac\u220fm\\\\\u00aes\u201a Iogn \u00ac ]\u2248n\u220fpdw skan\\\\mcnbn\u00ac ]Tn\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 \u00d8s\u2202 Bcw`n\u00ae Hcp henb kwcw`ambncp\u2202p kotdm ae_m\u00bf k`mwK\u00df\u0192\u00b0mbp\u2248 ]uc kXv y kpdnbm\\\\n bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\bpsS t{ImUo IcWw. CXv kw_\u2018- nb- mb Ncn{Xw Cu teJI \u2265 Xs\u2202 I\u00bf\u2126e Ipkpa\u00d8n\u00ac FgpXnbn\u00b4p\u2248Xv (sPbnwkv ]m\u00bamd, \\\"\\\"hn. Ipcymt\u00b0mkv Genbmkv Nmhdb\u00aes\u201a Bcm[\\\\{Ia]cnjIv cWw: Hcp AhtemI\\\\w'', I\u00bf\u2126eIpkpaw 121\/- 1 (2023 P\\\\ph- c- n) 42\u02db- 49, @45\u02db- 46) ChnsS Bh\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0p\u2202n\u221a. GXmbmepw kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bnse hnizmk kaql\u00d8n\\\\v apgph\u2265 D]tbmKn\u00b0phm\u2265 ]mI\u00d8n\\\\v aebmf`mjbn\u00ac bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 th\u2260 AwKoImc\u00dfsf\u221amw t\\\\Sn at\\\\mlcambn A\u00aeSn\u00aev hnfw_cw sNbXv Cu thfbn\u00ac, Nmhd\u220fnXmhv kz\u00bf\u00a7\u00d8nencp\u2202v hfscb[nIw kt\u00a5mjn\u00b0p\u2202p\u2260mhpw F\u2202Xv Xo\u00bf\u00ae. Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 kz\u00a5w ssI\u220f-S-bn\u00ac FgpXnbp\u2260m\u00b0n tdmante\u00b0b\u00aev th\u2260 A\\\\phmZ\u00dftfmsS tdman\u00ac {]n\u201a v sNbvXp ]pd\u00d8nd\u00b0n \\\\S\u220fn\u00ac hcp\u00d8phm\\\\m{Kln\u00ae bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m{K\u0178w At\u00b1lw B{Kln\u00ae coXnbn\u00ac At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a PohnXIme\u00d8v ]pd\u00d8nd\u00b0phm\u2265 km[n\u00aens\u221a \u00b6nepw kotdm ae_m\u00bf k`bpsS bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m Ncn{X\u00d8n\u00ac Hcn\u00b0epw ad\u00b0m\\\\mhm\u00d8 \u00ffm\\\\w Nmhdb\u00ae- \\\\- p\u2260v F\u2202p\u2248XmWv hkXv pX. kotdm ae_m\u00bf k`bpsS bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m Ncn{X\u00d8nse Nmhdb\u00aes\u201a Imetijap\u2260mb {][m\\\\ kw`hw t]m\u0192 _UPv m\u2265 F\u2202 emkdn k\u2030v v sshZnI\u2265 1886 \u02db1887 ImeL\u00b4\u00d8n\u00ac aq\u2202v hmey\u00dffnembn {]kn\u2264oIcn\u00ae ]uckXv y kpdnbm\\\\n bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 h\u00d8n\u00b0m\\\\nse ]uckXv y k`I\u0192\u00b0mbp\u2248 Imcymebw 1939\u02db\u00ac ]p\\\\x]cntim[\\\\b\u00b0v ptijw kotdm ae_m\u00bf, I\u00acZmb k`IfpsS D]tbmK\u00d8n\\\\mbn ]p\\\\x{] kn\u2264oIcn\u00aeXmWv. kpdnbm\\\\n `mjbnep\u2248 Cu aq\u2202v hmey\u00dffnembp\u2248 bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m ]pkXv IamW,v ss\\\\\u00f8manIambn ]d\u2122m\u00ac 2022 Unkw_\u00bf 25\u02dbmw XobXn hsc kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bn\u00ac F\u221amhn[ HutZymKnI AwKoImct\u00d8m Spw IqSn \\\\ne\\\\n\u2202ncp\u2202 bma {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\. ImcWw AXn\\\\ptijw {]kn\u2264oIcn\u00ae ^m. Bt_\u00ac kn. Fw. sF. X\u00f8mdm\u00b0nb \\\"\\\"Imt\\\\m\\\\\\\\akIv mc'' \u00d8n\\\\pw kotdm ae_m\u00bf _nj]kv v tIm\u00a8^ d\u2265kv \\\\nban\u00ae en\u2030\u00bfPn\u00b0\u00ac I\u2126n\u2030n 1986\u02db\u00ac \\\"kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS bma{]m\u00bf\u221e- \\\\I- \u0192' F\u2202 t]cn\u00ac H\u2030 hmeyambn {]kn\u2264oIcn\u00ae bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ {K\u0178\u00d8n\\\\pw ]cnip\u2264 knwlmk \\\\\u00d8ns\u201a AwKoImcan\u221ambncp\u2202p. AXv ss\\\\\u00f8m anIamb coXnbn\u00ac hnfw_cw sNbXv v (promulgation) \\\\S\u220fn\u00ac hcp\u00d8nbn\u00b4pan\u221ambncp\u2202p. AXn \\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202, Ah c\u2260pw, Imt\\\\m\\\\nIambn \u220fd\u2122m\u00ac Bcm[\\\\{Ia\u00d8ns\u201a `mKamb bma {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m{K\u0178\u00dffmbn 657\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\b\\\\pk-cn\u00aev IW\u00b0m\u00b0m\\\\pamhpambncp\u2202n\u221a. F\u2202ncp\u2202m epw Ad impossibile nemo tenetur (nobody is obliged to do the impossible) F\u2202p\u2248 ss\\\\\u00f8manI B]vXhmIya\\\\pkcn\u00aev, kpdnbm\\\\n `mj hian \u221amXncp\u2202 sshZnIcpw k\\\\ykvXcpw A\u00acamb- cpw apIfn\u00ac ]d\u2122 c\u2260v {K\u0178\u00dffntesX\u00b6nepw D]tbmKn\u00aev 104","sNm\u221anbncp\u2202 bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 AhcpsS bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ sNm\u221aphm\\\\p\u2248 D\u00d8chmZnXz \\\\n\u00bfhlW\u00d8n\\\\v A\\\\ptbmPyambn am{Xta Imt\\\\m\\\\nIambn IcpXm\\\\mhq. Bt_e\u00aes\u201a \\\"\\\"Imt\\\\m\\\\\\\\akvImcw'' aebmf \u00d8n\u00ac {]kn\u2264oIcn\u00aeXv FdWmIpfw sa{Xmt\u220fm eo\u00d8bmbncp\u2202 Im\u00bfUn\\\\\u00ac tPmk^v ]mtd\u00b0m \u00b4nens\u201a imprimatur In\u00b4n Bbncp\u2202Xn\\\\m\u00ac AXv kotdm-\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS HutZymKnImwKoImc ap\u2248 bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ ]pkvXIambn\u00b4mWv ]ecpw IcpXnbncp\u2202Xv. F\u2202m\u00ac A\u00b0me\u00d8v, kotdm\u02db ae_m\u00bf k`bpsS Bcm[\\\\{Ia]pkvXI\u00df\u0192 AwKoIcn\u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 A[nImcw ]cnip\u2264 knwlmk\\\\\u00d8n\u00ac am{Xw \\\\n\u00a3n]vXambncp\u2202p sh\u2202pw Bt_e\u00aes\u201a \\\"Imt\\\\m\\\\ \\\\akIv mc'\u00d8n \\\\v h\u00d8n\u00b0ms\u201a AwKoImcan\u221ambncp\u2202p F\u2202XpamWv hkXv pX. Bt_e\u00ae\u2265 Xs\u2202 _UvPms\u201a bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\bn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202v aebmf \u00d8nte\u00b0v ]cn`mjs\u220fSp\u00d8n efnXh\u00ac\u00b0cn\u00aev aq\u2202v hmey\u00dffnembn \\\"\\\"Imt\\\\m\\\\ \\\\akIv mcw'' ]pd\u00d8nd\u00b0nbXv sshZnI\u00bf\u00b0pth\u2260nbmbn cp\u2202n\u221a; {]Xyp-X, kpdnbm\\\\n Adnbn\u221amXncp\u2202 k\\\\ymkn\\\\nI\u0192\u00b0pth\u2260nbmbncp\u2202p F\u2202Xpw hnkvacn\u00b0mhp\u2202X\u221a. 1953\u02db\u00ac tIcfw k\u00b5\u00bfin\u00ae ]uckXv y k`mImcymeb\u00d8ns\u201a Xeh\u2265 I\u00bf\u00b1n\\\\m\u0192 bqPn\u2265 Sn\u00a0d- mMv kpdnbm\\\\n bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m]pkXv I \u00df\u0192 aebmf\u00d8nte\u00b0v X\u00bf\u00f7a sN\u00f8phm\u2265 \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1ins\u00ae\u00b6nepw 1973\u02db\u00ac X\u00ackw_\u2018amb Xocpam\\\\w kotdm ae_m\u00bf _nj]kv v tIm\u00a8 ^d\u2265kv FSp\u00b0p\u2202Xphsc kotdm ae_m\u00bf sa{Xm\u2265 kanXn C\u00b0mcy\u00d8n\u00ac th\u2260{X {]m[m\\\\yw sImSp\u00d8Xmbn Ncn{XtcJI\u0192 km\u00a3n\u00b0p\u2202n\u221a. 1973\u02dbse sa{Xm\u2265 kanXnbpsS Xocpam\\\\{]Imcw en\u2030\u00bfPn\u00b0\u00ac I\u2126n\u2030n X\u00f8mdm\u00b0n 1986 Unkw_\u00bf 27\u02db\\\\v {]kn\u2264oIcn\u00ae \\\"\\\"kotdm ae_m\u00bf k`bpsS bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192''\u00b0pw Imt\\\\m\\\\nIambn Bhiyambncp\u2202 ss\u00ablnI knwlmk\\\\\u00d8ns\u201a AwKoImctam, hnfw_cw sNbXv v \\\\S\u220fnem\u00b0tem D\u2260mbncp\u2202n\u221a F\u2202Xpw Ncn{XhkXv pXbmbn Ahtijn\u00b0p\u2202p. kotdm ae_m\u00bf sa{Xm\u2265 kanXnbpsS bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ I\u2126n\u2030nbpsS sNb\u00bfam\u2265 F\u2202 \\\\nebn\u00ac B\u00bf\u00aep_nj\u220fv am\u00bf tPmk^v ]u\u2206\u00d8- n\u00ac- B ]pkXv I- \u00d8- ns\u201a BapJ\u00d8n\u00ac \\\"\\\"F\u221amhcpsSbpw D]tbmK\u00d8n\\\\mbn A\u00aeSn\u00aev {]kn\u2264oIcn\u00b0p\u2202p'' F\u2202v ]d\u2122n\u00b4ps\u2260\u00b6nepw ss\\\\\u00f8ma- nI- ambn ]d\u2122m\u00ac B {K\u0178w bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ ]pkXv I ambn IcpXphm\u2265 B \\\\S]Sn H\u00b4pw ]cym]Xv ambncp\u2202n\u221a F\u2202XmWv hkXv pX. Cu ]\u203am\u00d8 e\u00d8n\u00ac thWw F\u221am \\\\n_\u2018\\\\Ifpw ]men\u00aev AwKoIcn\u00aev ]uckXv y Imcymeb\u00d8ns\u201a nihil obstat In\u00b4n taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aep_nj\u220fv hnfw_cw sNbXv v \\\\S\u220fnem\u00b0nb \\\"\\\"kotdm ae_m\u00bf k`bpsS bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192'' ]q\u00bf\u00c6m\u00bf\u221e\u00d8n\u00ac k`bpsS {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\bpw Bcm[\\\\{Ia\u00d8ns\u201a `mKambXpw a\\\\\u00a0nem\u00b0phm\u2265. Cu bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m{K\u0178\u00df fpsS promulgation hgn, CXphsc kotdm ae_m\u00bf k`bn\u00ac D]tbmK\u00d8nencp\u2202 F\u221am bma{]m\u00bf\u221e \\\\m {K\u0178\u00dffpw D]tbmK\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202v Hgnhm\u00b0 s\u220fSpIbpw 2023 s^{_phcn 19\u02dbmw XobXn apX\u00ac F\u221am kotdm ae_m\u00bf hnizmknIfpw (sshZnI\u00bf, k\\\\yk- Xv \u00bf, A\u00acamb\u00bf) bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192\u00b0m bn ]pXpXmbn \\\\S\u220fn\u00ac hcp\u00d8nb bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ IfmWv D]tbmKnt\u00b0\u2260sX\u2202pw taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aep _nj\u220fv am\u00bf Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhns\u201a 2023 P\\\\p hcnbnse kn\\\\Um\\\\\u00a5c k\u00bf\u00b0pedn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw (Prot. No. 0029\/2023) AXn\\\\ptijw 2023 s^{_phcn 5\u02dbmw XobXnbnse \\\"\\\"bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ I\u0192'' F\u2202 k\u00bf\u00b0pedn\u00ac (Prot. No. 0073\/2023) \\\\n\u2202pw hy\u2021w. bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 promulgate sNbvXpsIm\u2260p\u2248 taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aep_nj\u220fns\u201a Un{In (Prot. No. 1188\/2022 dated 25 December 2022) bn\u00ac \\\"\\\"CXn\\\\v hncp\u2264ambn bmsXm\u2202pw \\\\ne\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202X\u221a'' (All contrary dispositions not withstanding) F\u2202 \\\\n_\u2018\\\\b\\\\pkcn\u00aev kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bn\u00ac _UPv ms\u201a bma {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\Ifpw Bt_e\u00aes\u201a Imt\\\\m\\\\\\\\a kIv mchpw en\u2030\u00bfPn\u00b0\u00ac I\u2126n\u2030nbpsS bma{]m\u00bf\u221e \\\\Ifpw Imebh\\\\nIb\u00b0v v ]ndIn\u00ac ad\u2122Xmbn am{Xta ss\\\\\u00f8m- anI- a- mbn IcpX- m\\\\- mh- q. 4. k\\\\ykvX\u00bf\u00b0v hyXykXv amb Hcp bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ km[ytam? e\u00d8o\u2265 k`bnse bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 \\\\mep hmey\u00dffnembn {]kn\u2264oIcn\u00aev \\\\S\u220fn\u00ac hcp \u00d8nb tijhpw s_\\\\UnIsv sS\u2265 k\\\\ymkk aqlw X\u00dffpsS bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 ]cnip\u2264 knw lmk\\\\\u00d8ns\u201a AwKoImct\u00d8mSpw A\\\\phmZ t\u00d8mSpw IqSn XpScp\u2202 hkvXpXsb DZmlc Wambn Nq\u2260n\u00b0mWn\u00aepsIm\u2260v en\u2030\u00bfPn s{]m^ kdmbncp\u2202 Hcp k\\\\ymk sshZnIt\u201aXmbn kmaqlnI am[ya\u00dffn\u00ac {]Ncn\u00b0p\u2202 Hcp teJ\\\\\u00d8nse hmZw, 2023 P\\\\phcn Bdmw XobXnbn\u00ac kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bn\u00ac \\\\S\u220fn em\u00b0nb bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 cq]Xm sshZnI\u00bf\u00b0v am{XamWv _m[Isa\u2202pw AXn\\\\m\u00ac Xs\u2202 kn.Fw.sF. k` XpS\u00dfnb k\\\\ymkk`I\u0192\u00b0v Bt_e\u00aes\u201a \\\"\\\"Imt\\\\m\\\\\\\\akIv mcw'' XpS\u00bf\u2202pw D]tbmKn\u00b0p\u2202Xn\u00ac ss\\\\\u00f8ma- nI- a- mbn sX\u2030n\u221a F\u2202XpamW.v A_\u2264- P- U- ne- hpw ip\u2264 t`mjIv p amWv Cu hmZw F\u2202Xv ]dbmsX h\u00f8. ImcWw C\u2202v kotdm ae_m\u00bf k`bn\u00ac ss\\\\\u00f8manIambn \\\\ne\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202 bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 2022 Unkw _\u00bf 25\u02dbmw XobXn taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aep_nj\u220fv Un{In hgn hnfw_cw sNbXv B bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 am{XamW.v samW- m- \u00c3nIv ]mc\u00ba- c- y\u00d8- n\u00acs\u220f\u00b4 GsX\u00b6nepw 105","k\\\\ymkkaql\u00d8n\\\\v IqSpX\u00ac ssZ \u00bfLyap\u2248Xpw IqSpX\u00ac bma\u00dffn\u00ac {]m\u00bf\u221en \u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248Xpamb bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 AhcpsS k\\\\ymkk`bpsS kn\u2264nbpw B[ym\ufb02nIXbp a\\\\pkcn\u00aev Bhiyaps\u2260\u2202v tXm\u2202p\u2202 kml Ncy\u00d8n\u00ac AhcpsS k`bpsS P\\\\d\u00ac kn\\\\mI- kv nIv AwKoIcn\u00aev kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf kn\\\\Un\\\\v ka\u00bf\u220fn\u00b0pIbpw A\u00dfs\\\\ kn\\\\Un-s\u201abpw ]uc kvXy Imcymeb\u00d8ns\u201abpw AwKoImcmio\u00bfhmZ \u00dftfmSpIqSn promulgate sN\u00f8p\u2202Xphscbpw as\u2030mcp bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m {K\u0178hpw kotdm ae_m\u00bf k`bn\u00ac aebmf`mjbn\u00ac bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m {K\u0178ambn ss\\\\\u00f8manIambn \\\\ne\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0n\u221a. F\u2202m\u00ac CXn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw hyXykvXamWv Cw\u2022ojv, ln\u00b5n XpS\u00dfnb `mjIfnep\u2248 kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m {K\u0178\u00dffpsS Imcyw. B `mjIfnte\u00b0v kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ I\u0192 ]cn`mjs\u220fSp\u00d8n B ]cn`mjmkw_ \u2018nbmb dnt\u220fm\u00bf\u00b4v h\u00d8n\u00b0m\\\\b\u00aetijw sa{Xm\u2265 kn\\\\Un\\\\v B ]cn`mj AwKoIcn \u00b0mhp\u2202Xpw taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aep_nj\u220fn\\\\v AXv hnfw_cw sNbvXv \\\\S\u220fn\u00ac hcp\u00d8mhp\u2202XmWv (cf. CCEO c. 657, \u00a72). F\u2202m\u00ac, A\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 ]cn`mjI\u0192 \\\\S\u220fn\u00ac hcp\u2202Xphsc aebmf`mj hian\u221am\u00d8 kotdm ae_m\u00bf k`mX-\\\\bcn\u00ac bma {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ sNm\u221aphm\\\\p\u2248 D\u00d8chmZnXzap\u2248h\u00bf \u00b0v X\u00df\u0192 Ct\u220fm\u0192 sN\u00f8p\u2202 ss\\\\\u00f8manIamb BNmc\u00df\u0192 XpScmhp\u2202XpamW.v 5. ]pXnb bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m {K\u0178\u00dffpw bma\u00dffpw ]pXpXmbn hnfw_cw sNbvX bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ I\u0192 c\u2260v hmey\u00dffnembmWv ap{ZWw sNbvXv {]kn\u2264oIcn\u00b0pI F\u2202dnbn\u00aen\u00b4ps\u2260\u00b6nepw AXnse H\u2202mw hmeyw am{XamWnt\u220fm\u0192 ]pd\u00d8n d\u00dfnbncn\u00b0p\u2202X.v AXn\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202, k{]m ({]`mX {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\), dwi (kmbm\u201d {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\), seenb (cm{XnIme {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\) F\u2202v XpS\u00dfnb aq\u2202v {][m\\\\ bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 am{Xta D\u0192s\u220fSp\u00d8n bn\u00b4p\u2248q. AXn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw hy\u2021amIp\u2202 Imcyw, Cu aq\u2202v bma\u00dffnse {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 am{Xta sNm\u221aphm\u2265 sshZnIcpw k\\\\ykvXcpw \\\\nbaw aqew ISs\u220fSp\u2202p\u2248q F\u2202XmWv. AXv Ah\u00bf km[n\u00b0psa\u00b6n\u00ac kaql\u00d8nt\\\\msSm\u220fhpw km[n \u00b0m\u00d8 Ahkc\u00dffn\u00ac X\\\\n\u00aepw A\u00bf\u220fnt\u00b0 \u2260XmW.v F\u2202m\u00ac Cu aq\u2202v {][m\\\\ bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 IqSmsX, a\u2030v \\\\mev sNdnb bma {]m\u00bf\u221e \\\\I\u0192 IqSn kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bnep\u2260.v Ah bpsS \\\\S\u220fn\u00ac hcp\u00d8\u00ac F\u2202mWv kotdm\u02dbae _m\u00bf k`bpsS sa{Xm\u2265 kn\\\\U- ns\u201a ]cnK W\\\\b\u00b0v v hcp\u2202sX\u2202v hy\u2021a\u221a. e\u00d8o\u2265 k`bp sS \\\\mev hmey\u00dff- nembn {]kn\u2264oIcn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202 bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m {K\u0178\u00d8n\u00ac {]`mX {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ (laudes) b\u00b0v pw kmbm\u201d {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ (vespers) bv\u00b0pw cm{Xn P]\u00d8n\\\\pw ]pdta aq\u2202mw bma \u00d8n\\\\pw Bdmw bma-\u00d8n\\\\pw H\u00baXmw bma\u00d8n \\\\pap\u2248 bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 tN\u00bf\u2202n\u00b4p\u2248Xp t]mse kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS Cu ]cnjIv cn\u00ae aebmfw ]Xn\u220fpw Hcp ]q\u00bf\u00c6amb bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m {K\u0178w k`mX- \\\\- b- \u00bf\u00b0v \\\\\u00acIn bncps\u2202\u00b6n\u00ac F\u2202v Bin\u00aept]mhpIbmW.v e\u00d8o\u2265 k`bn\u00ac, apIfn\u00ac ]d\u2122 Bdv bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192\u00b0v ]pdta Hmtcm Znhkhpw cmhnse Bcw`n\u00b0phm\\\\mbp\u2248 Invitatory bpw Office of the Readings Dw IqSnt\u00ae\u00bf\u2202m\u00ac {]`mX {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\b\u00b0v v ap\u2265]v Xs\u2202bp\u2248 Hcp kmam\\\\yw ssZ\u00bfLyap\u2248 Hcp bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ IqSnbp\u2260v F\u2202p\u2248 hkXv pXbpw C\u00d8cpW\u00d8n\u00ac Hm\u00bft\u00b0\u2260XmWv. F\u2202m\u00ac Ahsbm\u2202pw BZyw kqNn\u220fn\u00ae aq\u2202v {][m\\\\ bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e- \\\\I- \u0192 t]mse ss\\\\\u00f8ma- nI- a- mb IS\u220fmSv D\u2260m\u00b0p\u2202n\u221a F\u2202pam{Xw. kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ IfpsS {]kn\u2264oIcn\u00ae H\u2202mw hmeyw awKfhm \u00bf\u00d8 apX\u00ac Dbn\u00bf\u220fpImew D\u0192s\u220fsSbp\u2248 Ime\u00dffnse bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\Ifpw A\u00b0me\u00df fnse Xncp\\\\mfpIfnse bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\Ifpw AS\u00dfp\u2202 1252 ]pd\u00dffp\u2248 _rl\u00d8mb Hcp {K\u0178amsW\u00b6nepw at\\\\mlcamb ap{ZWhpw kp\u00b5camb ]pdwN\u00b4bpw ss_\u2265Un\u00dfpw hnetbdnb, F\u2202m\u00ac I\u00b4nIpd\u2122, ISemkns\u201a D]tbmKhpw aqew A[nI`mchpw hen\u220fhpw tXm\u2202m\u00d8XpambXn\\\\m\u00ac {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\bv\u00b0p ]tbmKn\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 bmsXmcp `mctam _p\u2264napt\u00b4m tXm\u2202m\u00d8XmsW\u2202pw ChnsS {]tXyIw {]kvXmhyamWv. AXn\\\\m\u00ac Xs\u2202, Cu bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ ]pkvXIw ssIbnseSp\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 kotdm\u02dbae_mdpImcs\\\\\u2202 \\\\nebn\u00ac B\ufb02m`n am\\\\w tXmt\u2202\u2260X- mWv GXv kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf X\\\\b\\\\pw. AXpt]mseXs\u2202 hmbn\u00b0phm\u2265 _p\u2264nap\u00b4n\u221am\u00d8 A\u00a3c\u00dffpw \\\\ndhpw Cu {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m]pkXv I\u00d8ns\u201a NmcpX Xo\u00bf\u00aebmbpw h\u00bf\u2264n\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202p\u2260v F\u2202Xv Xo\u00bf\u00ae. Npcp\u00b0n \u220fd\u2122m\u00ac, Hcp bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m{K\u0178w ap{ZWw sNbvsXSp\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 {i\u2264nt\u00b0\u2260 F\u221am Imcy\u00dffnepw khntij {i\u2264 ]Xn\u00aencp\u2202p kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS ]pXnb bma{]m\u00bf \u221e\\\\m {K\u0178\\\\n\u00bf\u2126nXnbn\u00ac F\u2202v \\\\n\u00a0wibw ]dbm\\\\mIpw. _\u2018s\u220f\u00b4 A[nImcnI\u0192, AXmbXv kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS ]nXmhpw Xeh\\\\pamb taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aep_nj\u220fv am\u00bf Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhpw kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS Bcm[\\\\{Ia I\u2126oj\u2265 sNb\u00bfam\u2265 am\u00bf tXmakv Ceh\\\\m\u00ac ]nXmhpw C\u00b0mcy\u00d8n\u00ac hfscb[nIw A`n\\\\\u00b5\\\\\u00df\u0192\u00b0v A\u00bflcmWv F\u2202v \\\\n\u00a0wibw ]dbm\\\\mhpw. D\u2248S\u00b0\u00d8nte\u00b0v IS\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 {]tXyIw {it\u2264bamsbmcp Imcyw 785\u02dbmw t]Pv apX\u00ac 1020\u02dbmw t]Pv hscbp\u2248 Ccp\u2202- qd- n\u00ac\u220fcw t]PpI\u0192 hnip\u2264cpsS Xncp\\\\mfpI\u0192\u00b0p\u2248 {]tXyI {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\IfmWv 106","F\u2202XmW.v AXpt]mse Xs\u2202 \\\\q\u2030nb- \u2265]Xv k\u00b6o\u00bf\u00d8\\\\\u00dffpw Cu bma {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m {K\u0178\u00d8ns\u201a 1020 apX\u00ac 1249 hscbp\u2248 ]pd\u00dffnembn ap{ZWw sNbXv ncn \u00b0p\u2202XpsIm\u2260v k\u00b6o\u00bf\u00d8\\\\\u00df\u0192 [ym\\\\hnj bamt\u00b0\u2260h\u00bf\u00b0v bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m {K\u0178t\u00d8m sSm\u220fw hnip\u2264 {K\u0178hpw IqSn IcptX\u2260Xn\u221a F\u2202 sa\u00aehpap\u2260.v 6. bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\Ifpw P]ame XpS\u00dfnb a\u2030v `\u2021m`ymk\u00dffpw ]pXnb bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 kotdm ae_m\u00bf k`mX\\\\- bcpsSbnSbn\u00ac {]Npc{]Nmcw t\\\\Snb P]ame XpS\u00dfnb `\u2021m`- ymk- \u00df- \u0192 XI\u00bf\u00b0m \\\\mbp\u2248 \\\"\\\"I\u00acZmb tem_n''bpsS KqVmtemN\\\\m ^eamsW\u2202pw AXn\\\\m\u00ac Xs\u2202 Ah FXn\u00bf\u00b0 s\u220ftS\u2260XpamsW\u2202pap\u2248 Hcp, sehteiw kXyw sXm\u00b4pXo\u2260nbn\u00b4n\u221am\u00d8, hmZw k`mh- nc- p\u2264- c- mb Nne\u00bf \\\\ham[ya\u00dffneqsS {]Ncn\u220fn\u00b0p \u2202Xv Cu teJ\\\\w FgpXn\u00d8pS\u00dfnbtijamWv Cu teJIs\u201a {i\u2264bn\u00acs\u220f\u00b4Xv. F\u221am hna\u00bfi \\\\\u00df\u0192\u00b0pw adp]Sn sImSpt\u00b0\u2260Xns\u221a\u2202pw Nne hna\u00bfi\\\\\u00df\u0192 A\u00bfln\u00b0p\u2202 Ah\u2044tbmsS, sXcphnse Nmhmen ]\u00b4nIfpsS Ipct]mse IcpXn, X\u2248n\u00b0ftb\u2260XmsW\u2202pap\u2248 Kpcph N\\\\amWv At\u220fm\u0192 a\\\\\u00a0n\u00ac h\u2202X.v F\u2202ncp \u2202mepw, ip\u2264a\\\\kns\u201a DSaIfmb Nne \\\\\u221a hnizmknI\u0192 sX\u2030n\u2264cn\u00b0s\u220fSphm\\\\p\u2248 km[yX IW\u00b0nseSp\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192, HcmfpsSsb\u00b6nepw sX\u2030n\u2264mcW Cu teJ\\\\w sIm\u2260v Xncp\u00d8phm\u2265 km[n\u00aem\u00ac, AXpw I\u00c6n\u00ac\u00b0\u2260 \\\\\u2211sb\u221amw sN\u00f8phm\\\\p\u2248 Nmhdkq\u2021w A\\\\z\u00bf\u221eam\u00b0p hm\\\\p\u2248 Hcp Ffnb {iaamIpat\u221am F\u2202 Nn\u00a5, Zpcpt\u00b1i]camb apIfn\u00ac ]cma\u00bfin\u00ae Btcm]W \u00d8n\\\\p\u2248 adp]Sn sNdpXmsbgpXphm\u2265 Cu teJI\\\\v {]tNmZ\\\\w \\\\\u00acIp\u2202p. Cu teJ\\\\\u00d8n s\u201a BZy`mK\u00d8v \\\\\u00acInbn\u00b4p\u2248 c\u2260mw h\u00d8n \u00b0m\u2265 Iu\u00a8knens\u201a Bcm[\\\\{Ias\u00d8 \u220f\u2030nbp\u2248 {]amWtcJbn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202p\u2248 \\\\nch[n bmbp\u2248 D\u2264cWnIfn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw ]uckXv yIm\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba\u00d8ns\u201a AhtemI\\\\\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw hy\u2021amWv bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\IfpsS hnfw_chpw \\\\S\u220fn\u00ac hcp\u00d8epw \\\"I\u00acZmb tem_n'bpsS Hcp KqVmtemN\\\\m^ea\u221a, {]XypX It\u00d8men\u00b0m k`bpsS F\u221am hy\u2021nk`Ifpw Ahiyw \\\\S\u220fnemt\u00b0\u2260 Hcp Bcm[\\\\{Ia ZuXyamWv F\u2202Xv. Hmtcm hy\u2021nk`bnepw k`mwK\u00dffpsS hnip\u2264oIcW\u00d8n\\\\mhiyamb F\u221am LSI\u00df fpaps\u2260\u00b6n\u00ac am{Xta B hy\u2021nk` ]q\u00bf\u00c6m\u00bf \u221e\u00d8n\u00ac Hcp \\\"k`'bmbn (Church) IcpXm\\\\mh- q. k`mwK- \u00df- f- psS hnip\u2264oIcW\u00d8n\\\\hiyw th\u2260 Imcy\u00dffmWv hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\, IqZmi I\u0192, bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 F\u2202nh. Chbnte sX\u00b6nepw C\u221am\u00d8 k` Bcm[\\\\{Ia ssZhim k{v Xhpw Bcm[\\\\{Ia B[ym\ufb02nIXbpw (Liturgical Theology and Liturgical Spirituality) A\\\\pkcn\u00aev t\\\\m\u00b0nbm\u00ac ]q\u00bf\u00c6m\u00bf\u221e\u00d8n\u00ac \\\"k`'bmIp\u2202n\u221a. AXn\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 kotdm\u02dbae _m\u00bf k`bpsS Bcm[\\\\{Ia ]cnjIv cWw ]q\u00bf\u00c6amIphm\u2265 bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 ]cnjIv cn\u00aev \\\\S\u220fn\u00ac hcpt\u00d8\u2260Xv Ahiyambncp\u2202p. F\u2202m\u00ac, bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 F\u221am hnizmknI fpw F\u221am Znhkhpw sNm\u221aWsa\u2202v k` \\\\njIv \u00bfjn\u00b0p\u2202n\u221a. amXmhns\u201a P]ame XpS\u00dfnb `\u2021m`ymk\u00df\u0192 IpSpw_\u00dffn\u00ac ioen\u00ae kotdm\u02db ae_m\u00bf IpSpw_mwK\u00dffnse A\ufb02mbhnizm knI\u0192\u00b0v XpS\u00bf\u2202pw AhcpsS B hn[ap\u2248 `\u2021m`ymk\u00df\u0192 XpScm\\\\mhpw. 364\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ {]Jym]n\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\mcq]n\u00b0v klmbIhpw A\u220fk- tv Xme- nI hnfnbpsS kwc\u00a3 W\u00d8n\\\\pw i\u2021ns\u220fSp\u00d8en\\\\pw D]Imc{]Zhpam bn\u00b4p\u2248 `\u2021m`ymk\u00df\u0192, hninjym, X\u00dffpsS kzbm[nImck`bpsS BZcWobamb ss]Xr Iw \u00abmLn\u00aen\u00b4p\u2248 `\u2021m`ymk\u00df\u0192 ]cnt]m jn\u00b0s\u220ftS\u2260XmW.v B[ym\ufb02nI[ym\\\\w, hnip\u2264 ip{iqjIsf kw_\u2018n\u00aep\u2248 t_m[\\\\w, B\ufb02o b hf\u00bf\u00aesb\u220f\u2030nbp\u2248 DZtv _m[\\\\w F\u2202nh F\u221ambtv \u220fmgpw ip]m\u00bfi sN\u00f8s\u220f\u00b4ncn\u00b0p\u2202p'' (CCEO c. 364, \u00a72, 6\u00b0). AXpt]mseXs\u2202, ]ptcmlnXip{iqjnIfpsS AhImi\u00dffpw ISaIfpw hniZoIcn\u00b0p\u2202nS\u00d8v ]uckXv y Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnX ]ptcmlnXsc C\u00dfs\\\\ Hm\u00bf\u2126n\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"..ssZhamXmhpw \\\\nXyI\\\\yIbp amb ]cnip\u2264 adnbs\u00d8 Ah\u00bf _lpam\\\\n \u00b0pIbpw AhfpsS XncpkpXt\\\\mSv X\u00dfsf\u00d8 s\u2202 A\\\\pcq]s\u220fSp\u00d8p\u2202Xn\\\\p\u2248 Ir] AhtfmSv bmNn\u00b0pIbpw thWw. X\u00dffpsS kzbm[nIm ck`bnse a\u2030v `\u2021m`ymk\u00df\u0192 Ah\u00bf A\\\\p jvTn\u00b0pIbpw sNt\u00f8\u2260XmWv'' (CCEO c. 369,\u00a71). e\u00d8o\u2265 k`bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v kzoIcn\u00aeXmsW\u00b6nepw \\\\q\u2030m\u2260pIfmbn kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bn\u00ac Bg\u00d8n\u00ac thtcmSnbXpw {]Npc{]Nmcw e`n\u00aeXpw [mcmfw ssZhm\\\\p{Kl\u00df\u0192 h\u00bfjn\u00aep sIm\u2260ncn\u00b0p\u2202Xpamb sIm\u00a5\\\\akvImcw sshZnI, k\\\\ykvX, A\ufb02mb hnizmknI\u0192\u00b0v XpScmw F\u2202Xv hy\u2021w. 7. bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\IfpsS {]m[m\\\\yw hnip\u2264 Nmhdb\u00aes\u201a Zr\u201enbn\u00ac hnip\u2264 Ipcymt\u00b0mkv Genbmkv Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 Xm\u2265 \\\\\u00b4p]nSn\u220fn\u00ae,v \\\\\\\\\u00ae,v hfan\u00b4v hf\u00bf\u00d8ns\u00b0m \u2260ph\u2202 I\u00bf\u2126eo\u00d8m k\\\\ym-kn\\\\o kaql\u00d8n \\\\mbn aebmf\u00d8n\u00ac FgpXnbp\u2260m\u00b0nb Imt\\\\m\\\\ \\\\akvImc]pkvXIamWv aebmf`mj bnse BZys\u00d8 bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m{K\u0178w. bma {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ F\u00dfs\\\\bmWv sNmt\u221a\u2260Xv F\u2202v \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1in\u00b0p\u2202 BNmchn[nI\u0192 Npa\u220fpajnbnepw sNmt\u221a\u2260 {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 Idp\u00d8 ajnbnepam bn kz\u00a5w ssI\u220fSbn\u00ac aebmf`mjbnsegpXnb B 107","{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m]pkXv Is\u00d8 shdpsamcp {]m \u00bf\u221e\\\\ ]pkXv Iamb\u221a Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 I\u2260X.v bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- - I\u0192 icnbmb coXnbn\u00ac Xs\u201a {]nbs\u220f\u00b4 k\\\\ymkn\\\\nIsf sNm\u221aphm\u2265 ]Tn\u220fn\u00ae B k\\\\ymkt{ijTv \u2265, aT\u00ffm]\\\\\u00d8ns\u201a Bcw`Zibn\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 Ahsc Xncp\u00a0- `- b- psS {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\IfneqsS D]c- n\\\\- \u2211- bpw D]- cn-hn-ip-\u2264nbpw {]m]nt\u00b0\u2260sX\u00dfs\\\\sb\u2202v ]Tn\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202p\u2260v. bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 Xncp\u00a0`bpsS {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\bm bXn\\\\m\u00ac AXv as\u2030\u221am {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\Isf\u00b0m\u0192 IqSpX\u00ac ^eZmbIamsW\u2202pw Ah \\\\mw {]m\u00bf\u221en\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 BtKmf It\u00d8men\u00b0m k`tbmSpw kIe hnip\u2264tcmSpw kz\u00bf\u00a7\u00d8nse amemJamtcmSpw H\u2202ptN\u00bf\u2202mWv {]m\u00bf\u221en\u00b0p \u2202sX\u2202pap\u2248 Nmhd Z\u00bfi\\\\w Iq\\\\\u2126mhv aT\u00d8ns\u201a \\\\mfmKa\u00d8n\u00ac tImdnh\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202Xv H\u2202c \\\\q\u2030m\u2260n\\\\ptijw C\u2202pw It\u00d8men\u00b0mk` ]Tn\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202 Bcm[\\\\{Ia ssZhimk{v X ho\u00a3Ww Xs\u2202bmWv (cf. \\\\mfmK- a- \u00df- \u0192, Iq\\\\\u2126- mhv aTw\u02db- (1866\u02db- 1870), t]Pv 77). \\\\me]v XpaWn Bcm[\\\\, hW\u00b0amk`\u2021n XpS\u00dfnb ]ehn[ `\u2021mNcW\u00df\u0192 kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bnte\u00b0v sIm\u2260ph\u2202 Nmhd\u220fnXmh,v sshZnIcpsSbpw k\\\\ykXv cpsSbpw A\\\\pZn\\\\PohnX\u00d8n\u00ac bma {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\b\u00b0v p\u2248 AXpeyamb \u00ffm\\\\s\u00d8bpw {]m[m\\\\ys\u00d8bpw Ipdn\u00aev hfscb[nIw t_m [yap\u2248h\\\\mbncp\u2202p F\u2202 hkXv pX B ]pWy NcnXs\u201a PohnXhpw {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\\u00dffpw A]{K Yn\u00b0p\u2202 GsXmcp hy\u2021n\u00b0pw hy\u2021amIpw. F\u2202m\u00ac kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bnse bma{]m\u00bf\u221e \\\\I\u0192 ]cnjIv cn\u00ae,v GIoIcn\u00aev \\\\S\u220fnem\u00b0phm \\\\p\u2248 Nmhd{]bXv\\\\\u00df\u0192 ]q\u00bfWambn ]qhW- nb- p\u2202- Xv At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a acW\u00d8n\\\\ptijw H\u2202c \\\\q\u2030m\u2260v ]n\u2202nSpt\u00bamgmsW\u2202pam{Xw. D]kwlmcw 2004 Unkw_\u00bf 1\u02dbmw XobXn A\u2202s\u00d8 kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aep_nj\u220fv am\u00bf h\u00bf\u00b0n hnXb\u00d8n\u00ac kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS ]cnjvIcn\u00ae IqZmim]cnI\u00bf\u2126{K\u0178w hnfw_cw sNbvXp \\\\S\u220fnem\u00b0n. ]uckXv y Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba t\u00d8mSpw ]uckXv y ssZhimk{v Xho\u00a3W\u00df tfmSpw ]uckXv y kpdnbm\\\\n ]mc\u00bacyt\u00d8mSpw hnizkXv X ]pe\u00bf\u00d8p\u2202 H\u2202mbncp\u2202p kotdm\u02db ae_m\u00bf kn\\\\Uv AwKoIcn\u00aev ]cnip\u2264 knwlm k\\\\\u00d8ns\u201a recognition e`n\u00ae ss\\\\\u00f8manIamb B IqZmi {Iaw. 2005 P\\\\phcn 6\u02dbmw XobXn apX \u00ac B IqZm-i-{Iaw am{Xta {]m_ey\u00d8nep \u2260mIq F\u2202pw AXn\\\\v hncp\u2264ambsXm\u2202pw \\\\ne\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0pIbn\u221a (All contrary dispositions notwithstanding) F\u2202pw hnXb\u00d8n\u00ac ]nXmhns\u201a B hnfw_c Un{In (decree of promulgation) bn\u00ac D\u2260mbn\u00b4pw 18 h\u00bfj\u00df\u0192\u00b0ptijhpw B IqZmi{Ia\u00d8n\u00ac ]d\u2122ncn\u00b0p\u2202Xpt]mse amt\u2126mZokmbpw ss\u00ffcy te]\\\\hpw hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\bpaS\u00dfp\u2202 {]mcw`IqZmiI\u0192 H\u2202n\u00aev ]cnI\u00bf\u2126w sN\u00f8p\u2202 F\u221am ]uckXv y It\u00d8m en\u00b0 AIt\u00d8men\u00b0 ]mc\u00bacyw FdWmIp fw\u02dbA\u00b6amen AXncq]Xbn\u00ac \\\\S\u220fnembn\u00b4n\u221a F\u2202XmWv hkXv pX. C\u2202v k`mh- nc- p\u2264- \u00bf ]pWyt\u00abmI\\\\mbn hmg\u00d8v n\u220fmSp\u2202 h\u00bf\u00b0n hnXb\u00d8n\u00ac ]nXmhmWv B IqZmi{Iaw \\\\S\u220fn\u00ac hcp\u00d8nbX.v A\u2202v GXmbmepw At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\\\\ Xnsc sNfnhmcnsbdnbphm\u2265 hkXv phn\u00ac\u220f\\\\ XpS\u00dfnb bmsXmcnS]mSpIfpan\u221ambncp\u2202pXm\\\\pw. F\u2202n\u00b4psat\u00a5 A\\\\pkcn\u00aen\u221a F\u2202 tNmZy\u00d8n\\\\v B AXncq]XmwK\u00df- \u0192\u00b0v F\u00a5p\u00d8- c- a- mWv ]d bm\\\\p\u2248sX\u2202dnbn\u221a. R\u00df\u0192\u00b0v kotdm\u02dbae_m dpImcmbn XpScpIbpw thWw, F\u2202m\u00ac R\u00df\u0192 e\u00d8o\u2265 k`bpsS coXnIfpw ]mc\u00bacyhpw am{X ta A\\\\pkcn\u00b0pIbp\u2248q F\u2202p\u2248 Zp\u00bfhmi- nb- t\u221a B A\\\\pkcWt\u00b0Sn\\\\v ImcWsa\u2202v kmam\\\\y _p\u2264nbp\u2248 GsXmcph\\\\pw tNmZn\u00aept]mIpw. AXpt]mseXs\u2202 2021 \\\\hw_\u00bf amk\u00d8n\u00ac 50:50 A\\\\p]mXt\u00d8mSpIqSnbp\u2248 kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k` bpsS GIoIrX Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ \\\\nehn\u00ac h\u2202t\u220fmgpw X\u00df\u0192 e\u00d8o\u2265 k`bpsS P\\\\m`napJ _enb \u00bf\u220fWw am{Xta XpScpIbp\u2248q F\u2202mbn ASp\u00d8 {]Jym]\\\\w. apgph\\\\mbp\u2248 P\\\\m`napJ _enb\u00bf \u220fWw kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bn\u00ac XpS\u00bf\u2202v sN\u00f8p \u2202Xv \\\\nbahncp\u2264hpw \\\\nbaewL\\\\hpw (illicit) BsW\u2202v kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf kn\\\\Uv {]Jym ]n\u00aet\u220fm\u0192, hnaXt\u00b0mac\u00df\u0192 cwK\u00d8ph\u2202Xv AXv AhnlnXw am{Xtabt\u221a, Akm[p (invalid) h\u221at\u221am F\u2202v ]d\u2122psIm\u2260mW.v hnaX sshZnIcpsSt- a\u00ac FdWmIpfw _ken\u00b0bpsS aZ_v lmb- n\u00ach\u00aev A\ufb02mb- - hni- zmk- nI- \u0192 \\\"\\\"ssIsh\u220fpip{iqj'' \\\\\u00acInbXpw \\\\nbahncp\u2264w am{Xambncp\u2202p. \\\"\\\"ssIsh\u220f- pi- p{- iqj'' e`n\u00ae- h- \u00bf Bip]{Xnbn\u00ac t]mbn InS\u2202Xn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw B \\\\nba- e- wL- \\\\- {- ]h- r\u00d8- nI- \u0192 Akm[- ph- mb- n\u221a F\u2202Xv hy\u2021w. Hmk{v Snb- \u2265 {_n\u00b4ojv XXzN- n\u00a5- I- \\\\pw `mjm XXzN- n\u00a5- I- c- n\u00ac (Linguistic Philosopher) A{KK- W- y\\\\- p- amb Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (1889-1951), Xs\u201a XXzN- n\u00a5- b- ps- Sbpw Xs\u201a XXzi- mk- {v Xmt- \\\\z- jW- \u00df- \u0192 (Philosophical Investigations) F\u2202 {K\u0178\u00d8- ns- \u201abpw kw{Kl- a- mbn C\u00dfs\\\\ FgpX- nb- nc- n- \u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"`mjb- ne- qsS Bhnj- Iv c- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 Ignbp\u2202- s- Xms- \u00b0bpw hy\u2021X- t- bmsS Bhnj- Iv c- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 km[nt- \u00b0\u2260- X- mW- .v AXn\\\\v km[n\u00b0- msX hcpt- \u00bam\u0192 au\\\\\u00d8- n\\\\v hgna- md- pI- .'' Cu XXza- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00ae- ms- W\u2202v tXm\u2202p\u2202p kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`m[- nI- mc- nI- f- psS `mK\u00d8- p\\\\- n\u2202- pa- p\u2248 FdW- mI- pfw hnaX- c- psS hymP{- ]- Nm-c-W-\u00df\u0192s\u00b0-Xn-sc-bp\u2248 KmV-amb au\\\\w. F\u2202m\u00ac, \\\"\\\"Fs\u201a kuayX Hcp _elo\\\\Xbmbn 108","IcpXcpXv'' F\u2202v hy\u2021am\u00b0nsIm\u2260v k`bpsS B[nImcnIamb ]T\\\\\u00df\u0192 hy\u2021XtbmsS AhXcn\u220fn\u00b0phm\u2265 ISs\u220f\u00b4hcmWv Xncp\u00a0`bnse sa{Xm\u2211m\u00bf. BSpIsf hgnsX\u2030n\u00b0m\\\\pw ISn\u00aepIodphm\\\\pambn sN\u2202mb\u00b0v \u0192 Ip\u2122mSns\u201a thj\u00d8n\u00ac IS\u2202phcpt\u00bam\u0192 \\\\nj{v InbXzw Xn\u2211bpw ]m]hpw sX\u2030pw Ip\u2030hpsa\u221amambn amdp\u2202p. C{Xbpw BapJ- a- mbn Fgpt- X\u2260- nh- \u2202- Xv tPm^n tXm\u00b4\u00b6- c F\u2202 Hcp Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba _ncpZ- [- mc- nb- pt- S- Xmbn kXyZ- o]- \u00d8- n\u00ac h\u2202 Hcp teJ\\\\- \u00d8- ns- \u201abpw \\\"X\\\\n\\\\- mS- \u2265' F\u2202h- I- mi- s- \u220fS- p\u2202 ss{IkXv h- \\\\- ma- - [mc- nb- mb Hcp adp\\\\- mS- \u2265 aeb- mf- nb- psS bqSyq_neqsSbp\u2248 kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k` bpsS ]pXnb bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ _lnjIv cn \u00b0Wsa\u2202p\u2248 Blzm\\\\w ImWm\\\\nSbmbXns\u201a bpw ]\u203am\u00d8e\u00d8nemW.v tXm\u00b4\u00b6cb\u00ae\u2265 hmZn \u00b0p\u2202X,v kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bnse P\\\\m`napJ _enb- \u00bf\u220fWw \\\\nbahncp\u2264a\u221a F\u2202mW.v F\u2202m\u00ac kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS sa{Xm\u2265kn \\\\Uv AXv \\\\nbahncp\u2264ambn {]Jym]n\u00aep Ign\u2122 Xn\\\\ptijw AXns\\\\ J\ufb01n\u00aev tXm\u00b4\u00b6cb- \u00ae- \\\\v hn[nsbgpXm\u2265 km[n\u00b0Wsa\u00b6n\u00ac At\u00b1l\u00d8n s\u201a ]Zhn sa{Xm\u2265kn\\\\Un\\\\v apIfnembncn\u00b0Ww. At\u00b1l\u00d8n\\\\v A\u00dfs\\\\sbmcp am\u00bf\u220fm\u220fb\u00b0v Sp\u00d8 A[nImcap\u2248Xmbn At\u00b1lw sXfnhpIsfm\u2202pw \\\\nc\u00d8pIbp\u2260mbn\u221a. {]Xyp-X, At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a as\u2030mcphmZw, P\\\\m`napJ_enb\u00bf\u220fWw C\\\\nbpw \\\\nbam\\\\pkrXambn AwKoIcn\u00b0phm\u2265 km[n\u00b0p sa\u2202p\u2248XmWv. AXv icnbmWv. F\u2202m\u00ac kn\\\\Uv ]nXm\u00b0\u2211m\u00bf hy\u2021am\u00b0n\u00b0gn\u2122p X\u00dffpsS Xocpam\\\\w icnbmWv, AXv k`mX- \\\\- b- c- psS s]mXp\\\\\u2211bv\u00b0v th\u2260nbp\u2248XmWv; AXn\\\\m\u00ac \u00d8s\u2202 AXn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw Ah am\u2030w hcp\u00d8phm\u2265 B{Kln\u00b0p\u2202n\u221a F\u2202v. P\\\\m`napJ_enb\u00bf\u220fWw C\\\\nbpw \\\\nbam\\\\pkrXam\u00b0phm\u2265 km[n\u00b0pw F\u2202v ]d\u2122Xn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pXs\u2202 hy\u2021amWt\u221am AXv Ct\u220fm\u0192 \\\\nbam\\\\pkrXa\u221a F\u2202X.v X\u00df\u0192\u00b0Xv \\\\nbam\\\\pkrXam\u00b0n XcWsa\u2202v k`mh- nc- p\u2264- \u00bf Bh\u00bf\u00d8n\u00aev Bhiys\u220fSp\u2202Xv Xs\u2202bmWt\u221am AXv \\\\nbahncp\u2264amWv (illicit) F\u2202 Aht_m[w Ah\u00bf\u00b0p\u2260v F\u2202Xn\\\\p\u2248 G\u2030hpw i\u2021hpw hy\u2021hpamb sXfnhv. tPm^n tXm\u00b4\u00b6c-b-\u00aes\u201a as\u2030mcp hmZw FdWmIpfw\u02db A\u00b6amen AXncq]Xbn\u00ac ap\u220fXv h\u00bfj\u00d8ne[n Iambn \\\\ne\\\\n\u2202ncp\u2202, \\\\ne\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202 Hcp BNmc (custom) amWv P\\\\m`napJ_enb\u00bf\u220fWw; AXn\\\\m\u00ac AXn\\\\v \\\\nbakm[pXbp\u2260v F\u2202Xm Wv. F\u2202meXv icnb\u221a. ImcWw 1507\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m \\\\b\\\\pkcn\u00aev \\\"\\\"bp\u2021nklambXpw, \\\\nbaw kzoIcn\u00b0phms\\\\\u00b6nepw {]m]vXamb Hcp kaql \u00d8m\u00ac Bcw`n\u00aeXpw, XpS\u00bf\u00aebmbXpw AhnX \u00bf\u00b0nXambpw \\\\nba\u00d8m\u00ac \\\\n\u203abn\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4n\u00b4p\u2248 Imemh[ntbmfw A\\\\pjvTn\u00aep t]m\u2202n\u00b4p\u2248Xpamb HcmNmc\u00d8n\\\\v am{Xta \\\\nba{]m_eyw e`n\u00b0p Ibp\u2248q'' (CCEO c. 1507, \u00a72). CtX Imt\\\\m\\\\bpsS c\u2260mw JWUv nI C\u00dfs\\\\ hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"\\\\nba\u00d8n\u00ac hy\u2021ambn \\\\ncmIcn\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4 Hcp BNmcw bp\u2021nk- l- a- \u221a- .'' ]q\u00bf\u00c6 P\\\\m`napJIp\u00bf _m\\\\ kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS Bcm[\\\\{Ia \\\\nba\u00d8n\u00ac (Liturgical Law) F\u221am\u00b0me\u00d8pw \\\\ncmIcn\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4 H\u2202mbncp\u2202p F\u2202XmWv hkvXpX. 1968\u02dbse ]cnjvIcn\u00ae kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf Ip\u00bf_m\\\\{Ia\u00d8n\u00ac ]mtd\u00b0m\u00b4n\u00ac ]nXmhv FgpXnbncn\u00b0p\u2202Xv Ip\u00bf_m\\\\bpsS Bcw``mKw P\\\\m`napJambn A\u00bf\u220fn\u00b0mw F\u2202v am{XamW.v 1507\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\bpsS aq\u2202mw J\ufb01nI C\u00dfs\\\\ hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202p: ap\u220fXv ]q\u00bf\u00c6 h\u00bfj\u00df\u0192 XpS\u00bf\u00ae bmbn \\\\nbam\\\\pkrXw A\\\\pjTv n\u00aept]ms\u2202\u00b6n\u00ac am{Xta \\\\nehnep\u2248 Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba\u00d8n\\\\v hncp \u2264tam AXn\\\\p]pdta D\u2248tXm Bb HcmNmcw \\\\nba{]m_eyw D\u2248XmIq.'' FdWmIpfw\u02db A\u00b6amen AXncq]Xbnse P\\\\m`napJ_enb\u00bf \u220fWw c\u2260m-bn-cm-am-\u2260p-hsc \\\\nbahncp\u2264ambncp \u2202p. AXn\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 AXn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw \\\\nba{]m _eyap\u2248Xmbp\u2248 HcmNmcambn P\\\\m`napJ_en b\u00bf\u220fWw amdnbn\u221a. AXn\\\\ptijap\u2248 ImeL\u00b4 \u00d8nse P\\\\m`napJ _enb\u00bf\u220fWw Unksv ]\u2265tk j\\\\neqsSbp\u2248Xmbncp\u2202p. Unksv ]\u2265tkj\\\\n eqsS e`n\u00b0p\u2202Xv Xm\u00ac\u00b0menIamb Hgnhmb Xn\\\\m\u00ac AXn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw km[phmb HcmNmcw D\u2260mIp\u2202n\u221a. AXns\\\\\u221amap]cnbmbn {it\u2264bam b Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbaw 1507\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\bpsS aq\u2202mw JWUv nIbpsS c\u2260mw `mK\u00d8mbn ImWp\u2202p: \\\"\\\"]ne\u00b0v me BNmc- \u00df- \u0192 \\\\ntcm[n\u00aepsIm\u2260p\u2248 \\\\n_\u2018\\\\ D\u0192s\u00b0m\u2260n\u00b4p\u2248 Hcp Imt\\\\m\\\\b\u00b0v p ta\u00ac {]mamWyap\u2248Xv iXh\u00bfjItam AXn{]m No\\\\tam Bb BNmc\u00df\u0192\u00b0p am{XamW.v '' kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS ]cnjIv cn\u00ae Ip\u00bf_m\\\\{Iaw hnfw_cw sNbXv psIm\u2260p\u2248 am\u00bf Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhns\u201a Un{Inbn\u00ac, B Ip\u00bf _m\\\\{Ia\u00d8n\u00ac ]d\u2122ncn\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\v hncp\u2264amb ]n\u00ac\u00b0me BNmc\u00df\u0192 \\\\ntcm[n\u00aen\u00b4p\u2260.v AXn\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202, AXn{]mN- o\\\\- tam \\\\qdn\u00ac\u220fcw h\u00bfj\u00df\u0192 ]g\u00b0ap\u2248tXm Bb BNmc\u00df\u0192 am{Xta \\\\nba{]m_eyt\u00d8mSpIqSn kotdm ae_m\u00bf k`bn\u00ac XpScm\\\\mhq. C\\\\n hniIe\\\\\u00d8n\\\\v hnt[bamtI\u2260 as\u2030mcp hmZw \\\\nbahncp\u2264amIp\u2202Xn\u00ac (illicit) sX\u2030n\u221a; km[phmbm\u00ac am{Xw aXn F\u2202XmW.v Illicit F\u2202 Cw\u2022ojv hm\u00b0n\\\\v aebmf\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\nba hncp\u2264w, hymPw, \\\\njn\u2264w, AhnlnXw Fs\u2202m s\u00b0bmWv \\\\nL\u2260phn\u00ac ImWp\u2202 A\u00bf\u221ew. kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bn\u00ac \\\\nbahncp\u2264hpw \\\\njn\u2264hpambn Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b\u00bf\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202Xn\u00ac sX\u2030v ImWm\u00d8 Cu k`mh- nc- p- 109","\u2264\u00bf kz\u00a5w IpSpw_ \u00d8nse \\\\njn\u2264hpw AhnlnX\u00dffpamb _\u2018\u00df sfbpw AtX Xpemkn\u00ac h\u00aepXs\u2202bmbn cn\u00b0ptam Af\u00b0p\u2202Xv Ft\u2202 C\\\\nbdnbm\\\\p\u2248q. GXmbmepw kmam\\\\yt_m[ap\u2248hcmcpw AhnlnXhpw \\\\njn\u2264hpambXns\\\\ t{]m\u2019m ln\u220fn\u00b0psa\u2202v IcpXm\\\\mhn\u221a. apIfn\u00ac kqNn\u220fn\u00ae aebmfn {]hmknbpsS bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ _lnjIv cn\u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 Blzm \\\\amWv C\\\\n A]{KYn\u00b0s\u220ftS\u2260nbncn\u00b0p\u2202X.v At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a hoUntbmbpsS Xes\u00b0\u00b4v Xs\u2202 bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ Hm\u00bf\u00d8tUmIkv v k`bpsSXmWv F\u2202XmW.v XpS\u00bf\u2202v At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a hmZw kotdm\u02db ae_m\u00bf k`bpsS ]pd\u00d8nd\u00b0nb bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m{K\u0178\u00d8n\\\\v 1200 cq]bmIpw F\u2202pw AXn\\\\m\u00ac Xs\u2202 AXv km\u00ba\u00d8nI em`\u00d8n\\\\mbn A\u00aeSn\u00aend\u00b0nbXmsW\u2202pamWv. F\u2202m\u00ac AXv hensbmcp \\\\pWbmWv. ]pd\u00d8n d\u00b0nbncn\u00b0p\u2202 bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m ]pkXv I\u00d8ns\u201a hne shdpw 400 cq] am{Xw. C{Xbpw t]Pp\u2248, C{Xbpw at\\\\mlcambn ap{ZWw sNbXv ,v ss_\u2265Uv sNbXv v ]pd\u00d8nd\u00b0nb Cu ]pkXv I\u00d8ns\u201a \\\\n\u00bf\u2126mW\u00aenehv Xs\u2202 400 cq]bn\u00ac Ipdbn\u221a F\u2202XmWv hkXv pX. At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a hmZw P]ame C\u221amXm\u00b0m\\\\p\u2248 Hcp KqVm temN\\\\bpsS `mKamWv bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 \\\\S\u220fn\u00ac hcp\u00d8nbncn\u00b0p\u2202Xv F\u2202mW.v F\u2202m\u00ac A\u2265]\u00d8- na- q\u2202paWn P]w F\u2202v \\\\mw ktv \\\\l ]q\u00bfhw hnfn\u00b0p\u2202 sIm\u00a5\\\\akIv mcs\u00d8t\u220fmepw \\\\me]v - \u00d8na- q\u2202paWn P]w F\u2202v hntijn\u220fn\u00aencn \u00b0p\u2202Xv ImWpt\u00bam\u0192 Xs\u2202 a\\\\\u00a0nemIpw At\u00b1l\u00d8n\\\\v kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf IpSpw_\u00dffnse {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\Isf\u00b0pdn\u00aep\u2248 Adnhns\u201a Bgw. AXn\\\\m\u00ac Xs\u2202 At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a hmZ\u00df\u0192 adp]Sn A\u00bfln\u00b0p\u2202hb\u221a F\u2202Xv hy\u2021w. kz\u00a5w PohnX\u00d8n\u00ac iIp\\\\- n- thjw sI\u00b4nbmbm epw bqSyq_neqsS \\\\mev t{]\u00a3Isc t\\\\Sn AXneqsSbp\u2248 hcpam\\\\\u00d8neqsS PohnX\u00d8ns\u201a c\u2260\u2030hpw Iq\u00b4nap\u00b4n\u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 s]Sm-\u220fmtSm, AYhm a\u2030mcpsStbm t{]cWbm\u00ac FdWmIpfw\u02db A\u00b6amen AXncq]Xbnse hna-X-cpsS bp\u2264-\u00d8n\u00ac inJ\ufb01nbpsS \u00ffm\\\\w kzbw Gs\u2030Sp\u00d8 XpsImt\u2260m Gs\u2030Sp\u00b0phm\u2265 \\\\n\u00bf_\u2018n\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4 XpsImt\u2260m Bhmw kz\u00a5w amXrk`sb H\u2030p sImSp\u00b0phm\u2265 A\u00aemcw hm\u00dfnbncn\u00b0p \u2202Xpt]msebp\u2248 A_\u2264PSnehpw A]e]\\\\ob hpamb hoUntbmI\u0192 Cd\u00b0phm\u2265 At\u00b1ls\u00d8 t{]cn\u220fn\u00aencn\u00b0pI. kIv q\u0192 Item\u2019h\u00d8ns\u201a ]\u203am\u00d8e\u00d8n\u00ac Hcp AssacinckvI\\\\mb Iemebm[ym]I\u2265 h\u00bfKob hnjw No\u2030ns\u00b0m\u2260v tIcfkaqls\u00d8 aeokaam\u00b0phm\u2265 {ian\u00aeXv ad\u00b0mdmbn\u00b4n\u221a. F\u2202m\u00ac tIcf kaqlw Hs\u00d8mcpatbmsS B ]mjmW\u00d8n\u00ac Iransb Ccpt\u00d8\u2260S\u00d8ncp\u00d8nbXpw kvacWobamWv. X\u00d8peyinckvI\\\\mb Cu {]hmknbpsS Ah\u00ffbpw hyXykvXamhn\u221a F\u2202v [z\\\\n\u220fn\u00b0p IbmWv At\u00b1l\u00d8n\\\\v \\\\\u00acImhp\u2202 G\u2030hpw \\\\\u221a adp]Sn F\u2202v tXm\u2202p\u2202p. XXzNn\u00a5I\\\\mb hn\u2030sv K\u2265ksv s\u2030\u2265 \\\\ni\u2013X Bhiys\u220f\u00b4t\u220fm\u0192 Imhyme\u00b6mc (Kavyalankara) bpsS D]\u2044mXmhmb `mal (Bhamaha) [z\\\\nk- n\u2264- m\u00a5w `mcX\u00d8n\\\\v \\\\\u00acIns\u00b0m\u2260v apIfn\u00ac kqNn\u220fn\u00ae Xc\u00d8nep\u2248 \\\\ioIcW i\u2021nI\u0192 s\u00b0Xnsc AhcpsS `mjmssienbpsS Xe\u00d8nte \u00b0v Iq\u220fpIp\u00d8msX Xs\u2202 AhcpsS Akw_ \u2018w A\\\\phmNI\u00bf\u00b0v hy\u2021amIp\u2202 coXnbn\u00ac hyRPv n\u220f- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 ]Tn\u220fn\u00aeXv Hm\u00bf\u2126bn\u00ac h\u2202XpsIm\u2260mWv Cu coXnbn\u00ac {]XnIcn\u00b0p hm\\\\pd\u00aeX.v [z\\\\n Imhy\u00d8- ns\u201a k\u00bfhh- ym]- n- bmb tNX\\\\- mX- \u00d8zw AYhm B\ufb02mhmW.v AXn\\\\m\u00ac IhnI\u0192\u00b0v X\u00dffpsS IhnXIfneqsS hmNym\u00bf\u221e s\u00d8 AXn-ew-Ln-\u00b0p\u2202 e\u00a3ym\u00bf\u221e-\u00d8n-se-\u00d8p-hm\u2265 hfscsbfp\u220fw. F\u2202m\u00ac KZy`mjbpsS ]cn anXnbnsemXp\u00dfn \\\\n\u2202psIm\u2260v teJ\\\\w Fgp Xp\u2202 Cu teJ\\\\ I\u00bf\u00d8mhn\\\\v kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`sb F\u00dfs\\\\sb\u00b6nepw \\\\in\u220fn\u00b0phm\\\\mbn I\u00aesI\u00b4nbnd\u00dfnbncn\u00b0p\u2202 C\u00d8cw hnISkckz XnI\u0192s\u00b0Xnsc {]tbmKn\u00b0phm\u2265 ht{Im I\u00d8v nbpsS klmbw tXtS\u2260nh\u2202Xv A\\\\ymb as\u221a\u2202v IcpXpIbmW.v kz\u00a5w amXrk`sb \\\\in\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202 hoUntbmIfnd\u00b0n Poh\\\\am\u00bf\u00a7w Is\u2260\u00d8nbncn\u00b0p\u2202 Cu ss{IkXv h\\\\ma[mcn\u00b0v Pohn\u00b0phm\u2265 as\u2030mcp hgnbpw Xpd\u2202p In\u00b4nbn\u221a t\u221am F\u2202v ]cnX]n\u00b0phm\\\\\u221amsX F\u00a5v sN\u00f8p hm\u2265 ]\u2030pw. bqZm kIv dnt- bm\u00d8- b- psS Npw_\\\\w c\u00a3mI- c- N- c- n{- X\u00d8- ns\u201a ]q\u00bf\u00d8oIcW\u00d8n\\\\v I\u00bf\u00d8mhotimaninlmbv\u00b0v Bhiyap\u2260mbn cp\u2202Xp t]msebmhmw B {]hmknbpsS P\u2211w kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bvs\u00b0\u2202v Bizkn\u00b0pI am{XamWv IcW- obsa\u2202v tXm\u2202p\u2202p. C\u220fd\u2122 Xv `mals\u201a hymIcW kn\u2264m\u00a5a\\\\pkcn\u00aev Ahn h\u00a3nX hmNy[z\\\\nb- mtWm hnh\u00a3- nX- m\\\\- y]- c- h- mN- y[- z- \\\\nb- mtWm F\u2202Xv `mjm]WUv nX\u2211mcpsS hnZK\u2264v hnebncp\u00d8en\\\\mbn am\u2030nh\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202p. 110","in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Iaw ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\kwlnXbn\u00ac:Hcp A]{KY\\\\w tUm. sPbnwkv amXyp ]m\u00bamd kn.F- w.s- F \\\"\\\"in\u00a3m\\\\nbahpw in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Iahpw ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbakwlnXbn\u00ac: Hcp A]{KY\\\\w'' F\u2202 Xes\u00b0\u00b4n\u00ac I\u00bf\u2126eIpkpaw 2023 s^{_phcn e\u00b0-\u00d8n\u00ac FgpXnb teJ\\\\\u00d8ns\u201a XpS\u00bf\u00aebmWv Cu teJ\\\\w. BapJw 2023 s^{_phcn 25\u02dbmw XobXn h\u00d8n\u00b0m\u2265 cmPy\u00d8ns\u201a tImSXn (Vatican City State Tribunal) bpsS 94-\u02dbmw PpUojy\u00ac h\u00bfjw DZvLmS\\\\w sNbvXpsIm\u2260v {^m\u2265knkv am\u00bf]m\u220f C\u00dfs\\\\ {]kvXmhn\u00aep: \\\"\\\"kam[m\\\\\u00d8n\\\\pth\u2260nbp\u2248 F\u221am {]Xn_\u2264Xbpw \\\\oXn\u00b0pth\u2260nbp\u2248 ka\u00bf\u220fWw Bhiys\u220fSp\u2202p. \\\\oXn-bn\u221am\u00d8 kam[m\\\\w bYm\u00bf\u221e kam[m\\\\a\u221a... AXpt]mse Xs\u2202 \\\\oXnsb\u2202Xv shdpsamcp Dt\u00b4m]y\u2265 Bibhpa\u221a.'' XpS\u00bf\u2202v At\u00b1lw C\u00dfs\\\\ Hm\u00bfan\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"\\\\oXn \\\\S\u00d8pIsb\u2202Xv \\\\oXn\\\\ymbhyh\u00ffnXn (judiciary) tbmSv tN\u00bf\u2202v {]h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0p\u2202hcpsS D\u00d8chmZn\u00d8 amWv.'' XpS\u00bf\u2202v At\u00b1lw C\u00dfs\\\\ Iq\u00b4nt\u00ae\u00bf\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"tImSXn hyhlmc\u00dff\u221a {]iv\\\\w, {]XypX AXnte\u00b0v \\\\bn\u00b0p\u2202 hkvXpXIfpw \\\\S]SnIfp amWv'' (''The problem is not the law- suits, but the facts and conduct that give rise to them and make them painfully necessary''). At\u00b1lw XpS\u00bf\u2202v, Xs\u201a DZvLmS\\\\{]kwK\u00d8n\u00ac, ssZh\u00d8ns\u201a IcpWbpsS h\u2021m\u00b0fmbn Hmtcm ss{IkvXh\\\\pw amtd\u2260Xns\u201a BhiyIX Hm\u00bf\u2126n\u220fn\u00aetijw, \\\\oXnsb AhK Wn\u00aep\u2248 IcpW bYm\u00bf\u221e IcpWbs\u221a\u2202pw Ah c\u2260pw H\u2202n\u00aept]mtI\u2260XmsW\u2202pw, tImSXnbnse Ip\u2030hnNmcWthfIfn\u00ac k`bpsS apJ\u00d8v Icnhmcnt\u00d8\u00b0p\u2202 Ip\u2030Icamb {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\\u00dfsf Kuchambn IcpXn hn[nt\u00b0\u2260XmsW\u2202pw Hm\u00bf\u2126n\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202p: ''Mercy and justice are not alterna- tives but walk together, proceeding in balance towards the same end, because mercy is not suspension of justice, but its fulfilment (cf. Rom 13:8-10).'' It\u00d8men\u00b0m k`bpsS in\u00a3m\\\\nba\u00dffpw in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Ia\u00dffpw IcpW ad\u00b0msX Xs\u2202 \\\\oXnbne[njvTnXamhWsa\u2202pw F\u00b6n\u00ac am{Xta \\\\mw bYm\u00bf\u221e\u00d8n\u00ac kam[m\\\\kw\u00ffm]Icmbn amdpIbp\u2248q F\u2202pw Hm\u00bf\u2126n\u220fn\u00b0pIbmbncp\u2202p {^m\u2265knkv am\u00bf]m\u220f Xs\u201a Cu {]kwK\u00d8neqsS. \\\"\\\"in\u00a3m\\\\nbahpw in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Iahpw ]uc kvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbakwlnXbn\u00ac: Hcp A]{KY\\\\w'' F\u2202 Xes\u00b0\u00b4n\u00ac I\u00bf\u2126eIpkpaw 2023 s^{_phcn e\u00b0-\u00d8n\u00ac (pp. 21-37) FgpXnb teJ\\\\\u00d8ns\u201a XpS\u00bf\u00aebmWv Cu teJ\\\\w. in\u00a3n\u00b0p\u2202 ssZhs\u00d8 ]gb\\\\nba\u00d8n\u00ac am{Xa\u221a \\\\mw ImWpI. Nm\u00b4bpambn sPdpktew tZhmeb\u00d8nte\u00b0v Ibdp\u2202 Cutimaninlmbpw A\\\\\\\\nbm\u02dbi\u220fo damsc in\u00a3n\u00b0p\u2202 hnip\u2264 ]t{Xmkpw a\u2030v \\\\nch[n ]pXnb\\\\nba {K\u0178`mK\u00dffpw k`bv\u00b0p\u2248nepw in\u00a3m \\\\nbaw D\u2260mtI\u2260Xns\u201a BhiyIXsb hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202Xmbn B teJ\\\\\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\mw ImWpIbp\u2260mbn. kma-Zm-\\\\-t`-Z-Z-WvU-sa\u2202 aebmf\u00d8nse sNm\u221av A\\\\z\u00bf\u221eam\u00b0p\u2202 coXn Xs\u2202bmsW\u2202v ]dbmw It\u00d8men\u00b0mk`bnse in\u00a3m\\\\nba\u00d8nepw in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnIfnepw ImWpI. as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122m\u00ac, in\u00a3m\\\\ S]Sn{Ia\u00dffnte\u00b0v IS\u00b0msX a\u2030p am\u00bf\u00a7\u00dffneqsS in\u00a3bpsS e\u00a3y\u00dffmb Ip\u2030w sNbvX hy\u2021nbpsS am\\\\km\u00a5cw, \\\\oXn \\\\S\u220fnem\u00b0\u00ac, A]hmZw C\u221ambva sN\u00f8\u00ac (reform of the offender, restoration of justice and removal of scandal) F\u2202o in\u00a3bpsS {Xnhn[e\u00a3y\u00df\u0192 in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnI\u0192 IqSmsX km[n\u00b0p\u2202nS\u00d8v in\u00a3 Hgnhm\u00b0phm\u2265 ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nbaw (CCEO cc. 1403, 1409) tae[nImcnI\u0192\u00b0pw AXpt]mseXs\u2202 \\\\ymbm[n] \u2211m\u00bf\u00b0pw A\\\\phmZw \\\\\u00acIp\u2202ps\u2260\u2202p\u2248Xpw ChnsS {]tXyIw {]kvXmhyamWv. F\u2202ncp\u2202mepw ]et\u220fmgpw am\\\\km\u00a5c\u00d8n\\\\v X\u00f8md\u221am\u00d8 Ip\u2030hmfnI\u0192 in\u00a3n\u00b0s\u220ftS\u2260Xv AhcpsS Xs\u2202 B\ufb02c\u00a3\u00b0pw AXpt]mseXs\u2202 Xncpk`bpsS kp\u00ffnXn\u00b0pw BhiyamsW\u2202pw ]uckvXy\u02db ]m\u203amXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbakwlnXI\u0192 A\u00bf\u221ei\u00b6 bv\u00b0nSbn\u221am\u00d8 coXnbn\u00ac ]Tn\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202pap\u2260v. 1. in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Iaw ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nba\u00d8n\u00ac \\\"\\\"Innocent until proven guilty'': \\\"Hcp hy\u2021n sX\u2030pImc\\\\msW\u2202v sXfnbp\u2202Xphsc B hy\u2021nsb \\\\nc]cm[nbmbn thWw ImWphm\u2265.' Cu ss\\\\bmanIsNm\u221av (legal maxim) F\u221am \\\\oXn\\\\ymb hyh\u00ffnXnIfnepap\u2248Xpt]mse It\u00d8men\u00b0m k`bpsS Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nba\u00d8nepw AwKoIcn\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4n\u00b4p \u2248XmWv. AXnt\\\\mSv tN\u00bf\u2202phcp\u2202 as\u2030mcp XXzamWv in\u00a3n\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\pap\u00bav Ip\u2030mtcm]nXs\\\\ tI\u0192\u00b0pI F\u2202Xv. shdpsX tI\u0192\u00b0pI F\u2202\u221a ChnsS hnh\u00a3n\u00b0p\u2202Xv. {]Xyp-X, kzbw {]Xntcm [n\u00b0phm\u2265 (self defense) D\u2248 Ahkcw Ip\u2030mtcm ]nX\\\\v \\\\\u00acIpIsb\u2202XmWv. as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac 111","]d\u2122m\u00ac, Ip\u2030mtcm]nXt\\\\mSv B B\u0192s\u00b0 Xnscbp\u2248 ]cmXnIfpw AXn\\\\pt]m\u00ac_eIamb sXfnhpIfpw \\\\\u00acInb tijambncn\u00b0Ww BfpsS adp]Sn\u00b0mbn kabw \\\\\u00actI\u2260Xv. ]cmXnbpw sXfnhpIfpw \\\\\u00acIpt\u00bam\u0192 AXv GXv in\u00a3m\\\\nba\u00d8ns\u201a ewL\\\\w aqeap\u2248 Ip\u2030amWv Btcm]n\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4n\u00b4p\u2248sX\u2202pw tae[nImcn, AYhm \\\\ymb[n]\u2265, hy\u2021amt\u00b0\u2260XmWv. AXpt]mse Xs\u2202 {]m[m\\\\ya\u00bfln\u00b0p\u2202 H\u2202mWv, Hcp in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Ia\u00d8ns\u201a `mKambmWv Ip\u2030mtcm ]nXs\\\\ tI\u0192\u00b0p\u2202sX\u2202pw B hy\u2021nsb tI\u0192\u00b0p \u2202Xv Hcp km\u00a3nbmb\u221a, {]XypX Hcp Ip\u2030mtcm ]nX\\\\mbXpsIm\u2260pamWv F\u2202v hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202Xv. CXns\u201a Iq\u00b4\u00d8n\u00ac Hm\u00bf\u2126nt\u00b0\u2260XmWv Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\\\\mb hy\u2021n\u00b0v Ip\u2030w G\u2030p]dbphm\u2265 bmsXmcp ISabpan\u221a F\u2202 Imcyw: \\\"\\\"Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n- X\u2265 Ip\u2030w G\u2030p]dbphm\u2265 ISs\u220f\u00b4h\\\\\u221a. {]Xn\u2044sb Sp\u00b0phm\u2265 AbmtfmSv Bhiys\u220fSphm\\\\pw km[n\u00b0bn\u221a'' (CCEO c.1471, \u00a72). ChnsS kqNn\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202 {]Xn\u2044 \\\"\\\"tImSXn ap\u00bamsI kXyw t_m[n\u220fn\u00aepsIm\u2248msa\u2202pw kXyw am{Xta t_m[n\u220fn\u00b0pIbp\u2248q'' F\u2202p\u2248 {]Xn\u2044bmWv (I hereby swear to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but truth). k`mtImSXn\\\\S]SnIfn\u00ac km\u00a3n I\u0192 km[mcWbmbn C\u00d8cw kXy{]Xn\u2044 sNt\u00f8\u2260XmsW\u00b6nepw kzbw Ip\u2030mtcm]Ww (self incrimination) \\\\S\u00d8phm\u2265 B\u00bf\u00b0pw D\u00d8chmZnXz tam ISatbm C\u221amsb\u2202v It\u00d8men\u00b0mk`bpsS Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nbakwlnXI\u0192 hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202p\u2260v. in\u00a3n\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\pap\u00bav Ip\u2030mtcm]nXs\\\\ tI\u0192 \u00b0pI F\u2202Xpw Ip\u2030\u00b0mc\\\\mbn hn[n\u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202Xp hsc Bsf \\\\nc]cm[nbmbn IcpXWsa\u2202pap\u2248 \\\\nbahyh\u00ffbpsS ASn\u00ffm\\\\w BZnamXm]nXm \u00b0fmb BZs\u00d8bpw l\u2206sbbpw hnNmcWsNbvXp in\u00a3n\u00ae ssZhw Xs\u2202bmsW\u2202v BZyambn ka\u00bf\u221en\u00b0p\u2202Xv ]{\u00a5\u2260mw \\\\q\u2030m\u2260n\u00ac Pohn\u00ae Paucopalea (]ut\u00b0m]menb) F\u2202 \\\\nba\u2044\u2265 (Jurist) BWv. D\u00ac\u220f\u00d8nbpsS ]pkvXIw 3:9-\u02db12 hymJym\\\\n\u00aepsIm\u2260v, ssZhw t\\\\cn\u00b4v BZs\u00d8bpw l\u2206sbbpw in\u00a3n\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\pap\u00bambn Ah\u00bf\u00b0v ]dbphm\\\\p\u2248sXs\u00a5\u2202v tIs\u00b4\u00b6n\u00ac, in\u00a3n\u00b0p \u2202Xn\\\\pap\u00bav GXv A[nImcnbpw GXv \\\\ymbm[n ]\\\\pw AXpt]mseXs\u2202 sN\u00f8phm\u2265 ISs\u220f\u00b4ncn \u00b0p\u2202p F\u2202v At\u00b1lw \u00ffm]n\u00b0p\u2202p (cf. Kenneth Pennington, ''Innocent Until Proven Guilty'', in The Penal Process and the Protection of Rights in Canon Law, pp.43-66). k\u00bfh\u2044m\\\\nbmb ssZhw BZs\u00d8bpw l\u2206-sbbpw hnfn\u00aephcp\u00d8n tNmZyw sNbvsX\u00b6n\u00ac AXv Hcp in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnIfnepw Hgn\u00aepIqSm\\\\mhm\u00d8XmWv F\u2202Xmbncp\u2202p At\u00b1l \u00d8ns\u201a hmZw. ssZhw BZ\u00d8n\\\\pw l\u2206bv\u00b0pw kzbw hniZoIcn\u00b0phm\\\\pw {]Xntcm[n\u00b0phm\\\\pw Ahkcw \\\\\u00acInsb\u00b6n\u00ac kzbw {]Xntcm[ (self defense) \u00d8n\\\\p\u2248 AhImiw (right) ssZh\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202p \u2248XmWv F\u2202Xmbncp\u2202p ]ut\u00b0m]mentbmbpsS hmZ\u00d8ns\u201a A\u00a5k\u00d8. CXnt\\\\mSv tN\u00bf\u00d8phmbnt\u00b0\u2260XmWv \\\\nbamh\u00bf \u00d8\\\\]pkvXIw ]s\u00d8m\u00baXmw A[ymb\u00d8nse ]Xn\\\\\u00a9mw hN\\\\w: \\\"\\\"sX\u2030ns\u201atbm, Ip\u2030\u00d8ns\u201atbm kXymh\u00ff Xocpam\\\\n\u00b0phm\u2265 Hcp km\u00a3n t]mcm; ct\u2260m aqt\u2202m km\u00a3nIfpsS samgn thWw.'' ]\u00d8v I\u00ac\u220f\\\\Ifnsem\u2202v \\\"\\\"I\u2248km\u00a3n ]dbcpXv'' F\u2202msW\u00b6n\u00ac, AXn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v A\\\\pam\\\\nt\u00b0\u2260Xv I\u2248km\u00a3n ]dbpIsb\u2202Xv tamibpsS Ime\u00d8pw kw`hn\u00aencp\u2202 Hcp ImcyamWv F\u2202XmWv. ]gb\\\\nba\u00d8nse Zm\\\\ntbens\u201a ]pkvXI\u00d8nse kqk\u2202bpsS IYbpw (Zm\\\\n 13:1\u02db64) as\u2030m\u2202pa\u221a kqNn\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202Xv. B IY-bn\u00ac c\u2260v km\u00a3nI\u0192 KqVmtemN\\\\ \\\\S\u00d8n I\u2248km\u00a3n ]dbp\u2202Xn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw A\\\\pam\\\\nt\u00b0\u2260Xv A\u00b0mes\u00d8 in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Ia\u00d8n\u00ac Ipd\u2122Xv c\u2260v km\u00a3nIfpsS Htct]msebp\u2248 sam-gn-I\u0192 in\u00a3 hn[n\u00b0phm\u2265 Bhiyambncp\u2202p F\u2202XmWv. Ip\u2030\u00b0mcs\\\\\u2202v hn[n\u00b0p\u2202Xphsc Hcp hy\u2021nsb \\\\nc]cm[nbmbn IcpXWsa\u2202Xv a\\\\pjymhImiambn (Human right) 1948 se sFIycm{\u201ek`bpsS a\\\\pjymhImihnfw_c \u00d8nepw tN\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b4p\u2248XmWv. \\\"\\\"Everyone charged with a penal offense has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defense'' (art. 11, UN Declaration of Human Rights, 1948). CtX a\\\\pjymhImiw ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnXbnse Ccp]\u00d8n\\\\memw Imt\\\\m\\\\bn\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\ D\u0192s\u00b0m\u2248n\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202p: \u00a71.\\\\nba\u00d8ns\u201a A\\\\pimk\\\\\u00df\u0192\u00b0\\\\pkcn\u00aev A[nImcs\u220f\u00b4 k`mt\u00b0mSXnap\u00bamsI k`bn\u00ac X\u00df\u0192\u00b0p\u2248 AhImi\u00df\u0192 \\\\nbam\\\\pkrXw \u00ffm]ns\u00aeSp\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\pw kwc\u00a3n\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\pw {InkvXobhnizmknI\u0192\u00b0v km[n\u00b0pw. \u00a72.X\u00b0 A[nImcnbm\u00ac hnNmcWbv\u00b0v hnfn\u00b0s\u220f Sp\u2202]\u00a3w \\\\nba\u00d8ns\u201a A\\\\pimk\\\\\u00df\u0192 \\\\oXn]q\u00bfhw ]men\u00aepsIm\u2260v hn[n\u00b0s\u220fSphm\u2265 ss{IkvXh hnizmknI\u0192\u00b0v AhImiap\u2260v. \u00a73.\\\\nba\\\\n_\u2018\\\\I\u0192\u00b0\\\\pkcn\u00ae\u221amsX Imt\\\\m \\\\nI in\u00a3I\u0192hgn in\u00a3n\u00b0s\u220fSmXncn\u00b0phm\u2265 ss{IkvXh hnizmknI\u0192\u00b0v AhImiap\u2260v. Ccp]\u00d8n\\\\memw Imt\\\\m\\\\, hnizmknIfpsS auen ImhImi\u00dfsf\u220f\u2030n ]dbp\u2202 H\u2202mw io\u00bfjI \u00d8nemWv s]Sp\u00d8nbncn\u00b0p\u2202sX\u2202Xpw {]tXy Iw {it\u2264bamWv. CXn\\\\v X\u00d8peyamb Imt\\\\m\\\\ e\u00d8o\u2265 k`bpsS Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba\u00d8nepap\u2260v (cf. CIC c.221) F\u2202p\u2248Xpw ChnsS kvacWobamWv. 112","in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Ia\u00df\u0192 ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\kw lnXbnse Ccp-]\u00d8n F\u00b4mw io\u00bfj-I-\u00d8n\u00ac 1468 apX\u00ac 1487 hscbp\u2248 Imt\\\\m\\\\-I-fnemWv ImWp\u2202Xv. F\u2202m\u00ac in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Iaw icn\u00b0pw a\\\\\u00a0nem\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\v ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnX bnse Ccp-]-\u00d8n-\\\\m-ev, Ccp-]-\u00d8n-b\u00a9v F\u2202o io\u00bfjI\u00dffn\u00ac {]Xn]mZn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202 \\\"\\\"hyhlmc {Iaw s]mXphn\u00ac'', \\\"\\\"knhn\u0192 hyhlmc{Iaw'' F\u2202n hIqSn lrZn\u00ffamt\u00b0\u2260Xp\u2260v. 1.1 {Inan\\\\\u00ac hnNmcW \\\"\\\"in\u00a3I\u0192 Npa\u00d8p\u2202Xn\\\\p\u2248 \\\\S]Sn{Iaw'' F\u2202 ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\kwlnXbpsS Ccp-]\u00d8n F\u00b4mw io\u00bfjIw c\u2260v A[ymb\u00dffmbmWv Xncn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202Xv: 1468 apX\u00ac 1485 hscbp\u2248 Imt\\\\m\\\\I\u0192 D\u0192s\u00b0m\u2248p\u2202 H\u2202mw A[ymbw \\\"\\\"{Inan\\\\\u00ac hnNmcW'' F\u2202 Xes\u00b0\u00b4n\u00ac k`m t\u00b0mSXnbn\u00ac F\u00dfs\\\\bmWv in\u00a3I\u0192 Npa\u00d8p \u2202Xn\\\\p\u2248 \\\\S]Sn{Iaw F\u2202v hniZoIcn\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 shdpw c\u2260v Imt\\\\m\\\\I\u0192 am{Xap\u2248 c\u2260mw A[ymbw \\\"\\\"tImSXn \\\\S]Sn{IawIqSmsXbp\u2248 in\u00a3Npa\u00d8\u00ac'' (cf. CCEO c.1486-1487) AYhm Administrative Penal Process F\u00dfs\\\\bmsW\u2202v hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202p. ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nba\u00d8nepw e\u00d8o\u2265 k`bpsS Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nba\u00d8nepw k`m tImSXn hgnbmbp\u2248 in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnI\u0192\u00b0mWv {]mapJysa\u00b6nepw c\u2260v Imt\\\\m\\\\kwlnXIfpw Nne tae[nImcnI\u0192\u00b0v tImSXn \\\\S]Sn IqSmsXXs\u2202, Nne {]tXyI kmlNcy\u00dffn\u00ac, Nne {]tXyI in\u00a3I\u0192sIm\u2260v Ip\u2030\u00b0msc in\u00a3n\u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Iaw D\u2260m\u00b0n \\\\\u00acInbncn\u00b0p\u2202XmWv Cu c\u2260mw A[ymb\u00d8ns\u201a D\u2248S\u00b0w. \\\"\\\"{Inan\\\\\u00ac hnNmcW''sb\u220f\u2030nbp\u2248 H\u2202mw A[ymbw \\\"\\\"{]mYanI At\\\\zjWw'' (CCEO cc.1468- 1470), \\\"\\\"{Inan\\\\\u00ac hnNmcWbpsS ]ptcmKXn'' (CCEO cc.1471-1482), \\\"\\\"\\\\\u201e]cnlmc\u00d8n\\\\p\u2248 \\\\S]Sn'' CCEO cc.1483-1485) F\u2202o aq\u2202v hn`mK\u00dffmbmWv Xncn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202Xv. bYm\u00bf\u221e\u00d8n\u00ac, Cu XcwXncnhv Xs\u2202 sX\u2030n\u2264mcWmP\\\\IamWv. ImcWw, ChnsS hniZoIcn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202 \\\"\\\"{]mYanI At\\\\zjWw'' icn\u00b0pw ]d\u2122m\u00ac tImSXnbneqsSbp\u2248 {Inan\\\\\u00ac hnNmcWbv\u00b0v am{Xap\u2248 {]mcw`\\\\S]Snb\u221a, {]XypX, tImSXn\\\\S]Sn IqSmsXbp\u2248 in\u00a3 Npa \u00d8ens\u201abpw {]mcw`\\\\S]SnbmWv. in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnI sf kw_\u2018n\u00ae e\u00d8o\u2265 k`bpsS Imt\\\\m\\\\I\u0192 {]mYanI At\\\\zjWs\u00d8 Hcp {]tXyI A[ymb ambn (cf. CIC cc.1717-1719), in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Ia \u00d8ns\u201a BZy`mK\u00d8v \\\\\u00acInbncn\u00b0p\u2202 coXnbmWv C\u00b0mcy\u00d8n\u00ac IqSpX\u00ac A`nImayw F\u2202XmWv C\u00b0mcys\u00d8 kw_\u2018n\u00aev Cu teJIs\u201a kpNn\u00a5nXamb A`n{]mbw. 1.1.1. {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw kmam\\\\yKXnbn\u00ac Hcp Ip\u2030w sNbvXXmbp\u2248 Btcm]Wtam Adnthm Hcp tae[nImcn\u00b0v e`n\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192, tae[nImcn sNt\u00f8\u2260 BZys\u00d8 ImcyamWv B Ip\u2030-kw-_-\u2018-ambn Hcp {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw \\\\S\u00d8pIsb\u2202Xv. ChnsS {]tXyIw {it\u2264bamb Imcyw, \\\"\\\"D]cn\u03c0hamsW\u2202v'' tXm\u2202p\u2202]\u00a3w, Cu {]mYanI At\\\\zjWL\u00b4w tae[nImcn\u00b0v Dt]\u00a3n\u00b0mhp\u2202XmWv F\u2202 Imt\\\\m\\\\bnse Xs\u2202bp\u2248 HgnhmWv: \u00a71) \\\"\\\"Hcp Ip\u2030s\u00d8\u00b0pdn\u00aep\u2248 Adnhv tae\u2264y\u00a3- \\\\v In\u00b4p t\u00bam\u0192, Cu Adnhv kXyamsW\u2202v tXm\u2202pI bpamsW\u00b6n\u00ac At\u00b1lw hy\u2021n]camtbm A\\\\ptbm Py\\\\mb as\u2030mcp hy\u2021nbneqsStbm \u02db Cu At\\\\zjWw ]q\u00bfWambpw D]cn\u03c0hambncn\u00b0psa\u2202v IcpXm\u00d8 ]\u00a3w \u02db hkvXpXIsfbpw kmlNcy \u00dfsfbpwIpdn\u00aev At\\\\zjn\u00b0Ww. \u00a72) Cu At\\\\z jW\u00d8n\u00ac BcpsSbpw k\u00act\u220fc- n\\\\v If\u00b6w D\u2260m ImXncn\u00b0phm\u2265 {i\u2264nt\u00b0\u2260XmWv. \u00a73) hnNm cWbn\u00ac sXfnhv tiJcn\u00b0p\u2202 hy\u2021n\u00b0p\u2248 AtX A[nImc\u00dffpw ISaIfpamWv At\\\\zjWw \\\\S\u00d8p\u2202 hy\u2021n\u00b0pap\u2248Xv. ]n\u2202oSv, {Inan\\\\\u00ac hnNmcW XpS\u00dfpIbmsW\u00b6n\u00ac, Cu hy\u2021n\u00b0v hnNmcWbn\u00ac ]s\u00b6Sp\u00b0phm\u2265 km[n\u00b0pIbn\u221a'' (CCEO c. 1468). Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\bn\u00ac tae\u2264y\u00a3\u2265 (Hierarch) F\u2202XpsIm\u2260v Dt\u00b1in\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202Xv cq]Xm tae \u2264y\u00a3\u2265 AYhm \\\"\\\"DtZymKklPamb `cWm[n Imcap\u2248hcmbn ka\u00bf\u220fnXPohnXkaql\u00dffnep\u2248 taP\u00bf kp\u220focnb\u00bfamcpw'' (cf. CCEO c. 984,\u00a7\u00a71-3) BWv. AXn\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 s^mtdm\\\\hnImcnam\u00bf, CS hIhnImcnam\u00bf XpS\u00dfn a\u2030v GXv t\\\\XrXzip {iqjbnembncn\u00b0p\u2202h\u00bf\u00b0pw C\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 {]mYanI At\\\\zjW\u00d8n\\\\v D\u00d8chnSphm\u2265 A[nImcap\u2260mbncn\u00b0p\u2202X\u221a. C\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw Bcw`nt\u00b0\u2260Xv tae\u2264y \u00a3s\u201a Hcp Un{InbneqsSbmbncn\u00b0Ww. AXp t]mse {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw Ahkm\\\\n\u220fn t\u00b0\u2260Xpw AXpt]msebp\u2248 as\u2030mcp Un{InbneqsS bmbncn\u00b0Ww. {]mYanI At\\\\zjW\u00d8n\\\\v tae\u2264y\u00a3\u2265 D\u00d8chntS\u2260Xv \\\"\\\"B Ip\u2030s\u00d8\u00b0pdn\u00aep\u2248 Adnhv'' tae\u2264y\u00a3\\\\v e`n\u00b0pt\u00bamgmWv. F\u221am \\\\nbaewL\\\\ \u00dffpw Ip\u2030\u00dff\u221a. AXn\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202, km[mcW \\\\nbaewL\\\\\u00dffpsS Imcy\u00d8n\u00ac, {]mYanI At\\\\zjW\u00d8n\\\\p\u00d8chnSp\u2202Xn\\\\v ]Icw tae\u2264y \u00a3\\\\v, sX\u2030psNbvX Bsf Xncp\u00d8phm\u2265 km[n\u00b0pw. Cu Xncp\u00d8ens\u201a `mKambn sX\u2030v C\\\\n Bh\u00bf \u00d8n\u00b0cpsX\u2202pw C\\\\nbpw sX\u2030mh\u00bf\u00d8n\u00aem\u00ac AXv injm\u00bflambncn\u00b0psa\u2202pw ]d\u2122psIm\u2260p\u2248 113","in\u00a3map\u2202dnbn\u220fv (penal percept) sImSp\u00b0phm\\\\pw km[n\u00b0pw. Hcp hy\u2021n in\u00a3m\\\\nbatam in\u00a3map \u2202dnbnt\u220fm ewLn\u00aeXmbn tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\\\\v Adnhv In\u00b4pt\u00bamgmWv {]mYanI At\\\\zjW\u00d8n\\\\v D\u00d8c hntS\u2260Xv. tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\u2265 t\\\\cn-\u00b4mWv At\\\\zjn\u00b0p \u2202sX\u00b6n\u00act]mepw {]mYanI At\\\\zjW D\u00d8chv (decree) Cdt\u00b0\u2260XmWv. {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw \\\\S\u00d8phm\u2265 \\\"\\\"Hcp Ip\u2030s\u00d8\u220f\u2030nbp\u2248 Adnhv'' tae\u2264- y\u00a3- \\\\v e`n\u00aem\u00ac am{Xw aXnbmIpw. as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122m\u00ac Hcp ]cmXn\u00b0mc\u2265 tcJmaqew ]cmXn Xtc\u2260 Bhiy an\u221a tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\\\\v {]mYanI At\\\\zjW\u00d8n\\\\v D\u00d8chnSphm\u2265. hm\u00b0mep\u2248 ]cmXnbpw hnizk\\\\obsa\u2202v tae[y\u00a3\\\\v tXm\u2202p\u2202]\u00a3w Dua\u00b0\u00d8pIfpsS shfn\u00ae\u00d8n\u00act]mepw {]mYanI At\\\\zjW\u00d8n\\\\v D\u00d8chnSphm\u2265 tae\u2264- y\u00a3- \\\\v km[n\u00b0pw. F\u2202m\u00ac tcJmaqew ]cmXns\u220f\u00b4n\u00b4pw tae\u2264- y\u00a3- \u2265 bmsXmcp \\\\S]SnIfpw kzoIcn\u00b0p\u2202n s\u221a\u2202v I\u2260m\u00ac, ]cmXns\u220f\u00b4n\u00b4v Adp-]Xv Znhkam Ipt\u00bam\u0192 ]cmXn\u00b0mc\\\\v tae-\u2264y-\u00a3s\\\\ tcJmaqew ho\u2260pw A\u00b0mcyw Hm\u00bf\u2126n\u220fn\u00b0phm\u2265 km[n\u00b0pw. ho\u2260pw tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\u2265 \\\\njv{Inb\\\\mbncp\u2202m\u00ac, ho\u2260pw ap\u220fXv Znhk\u00df\u0192\u00b0ptijw {]kvXpX tae-\u2264y-\u00a3s\u201a D\u2202Xm[nImcnsb kao]n\u00b0phm\u2265 ]cmXn\u00b0mc\\\\v AhImiap\u2260v (cf. CCEO c.1518). kmam\\\\yKXnbn\u00ac {]mYanI At\\\\zjWkwL \u00d8n\u00ac aq\u2202v AwK\u00dffmWv D\u2260mbncnt\u00b0\u2260Xv. AXn\u00ac G\u2030hpw {][m\\\\n At\\\\zjI (investigator\/instructor) \\\\mWv. At\u00b1lt\u00d8msSm\u220fw t\\\\m\u00b4dnbpw \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3I\\\\pw (promotor of justice) AS\u00dfp\u2202XmWv ]uc-kvXy-Im-\\\\\u2265\\\\nbaw ChnsS hn`mh\\\\w sN\u00f8p\u2202 {]mYanI At\\\\zjWkwLw. At\\\\zjWkwLw BZyambn tI\u0192t\u00b0\u2260Xv, AYhm hnkvXcnt\u00b0\u2260Xv ]cmXn\u00b0mcs\\\\bmWv. kXyta ]dbpIbp\u2248q F\u2202pw kXyw am{Xta ]dbpIbp\u2248q F\u2202pw apgph\u2265 kXyhpw ]dbpsa\u2202pap\u2248 hnip\u2264{K\u0178s\u00d8 sXm\u00b4p\u2248 kXy{]Xn\u2044\u00b0v tijambncn\u00b0Ww Bsf hnkvXcnt\u00b0\u2260Xv. hnkvXcn\u00aeXns\u201a ]I\u00bf\u220fv t\\\\m\u00b4dn FgpXnbp\u2260m\u00b0nbXv At\u00b1ls\u00d8 hmbn\u00aep tI\u0192\u220fn\u00b0pIbpw At\\\\zjI\\\\pw t\\\\m\u00b4dnbpw hnkvXcn\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4 hy\u2021nbpw B dnt\u220fm\u00bf\u00b4n\u00ac H\u220fntS\u2260XpamWv. {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw Ip\u2030w hn[n\u00b0m\\\\p\u2248X\u221a. Ip\u2030w \\\\S\u2202ncn\u00b0phm\u2265 km[yXbpt\u2260msb\u2202v I\u2260p]nSn\u00b0phm\\\\mWv. AXn\\\\m\u00ac Xs\u2202, Ip\u2030w\\\\S\u2202p F\u2202Xn\\\\p\u2248 sXfnhpI\u0192 hy\u2021ambn\u00b4p\u2248 tIkpIfn\u00ac Cu {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw D]cn\u03c0hambncn\u00b0psa\u2202v \\\\n\u203abn\u00aev tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\\\\v ASp\u00d8L\u00b4\u00d8nte\u00b0v IS\u00b0mhp\u2202XmWv. {]mYanI At\\\\zjWkwLw F{X km\u00a3nIsf hnkvXcn\u00b0Wsa\u2202v Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nbaw hy\u2021am\u00b0p \u2202n\u221a. Ip\u2030\u00d8ns\u201a kz`mhw, kmlNcyw XpS\u00dfnb hnjb\u00df\u0192 At\\\\zjnt\u00b0\u2260 {]kvXpX kwLw F\u00d8nt\u00aetc\u2260Xv H\u2202pIn\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\sbmcp Ip\u2030w sNbvXncn\u00b0phm\u2265 bmsXmcp km[yXbpan\u221amsb t\u2202m, Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\u2265 Ip\u2030w sNbvXncn\u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 km[yX At\\\\zjW\u00d8n\u00ac hy\u2021ambXn\\\\m\u00ac B\u0192s\u00b0Xnsc k`mt\u00b0mSXnbneqsSbp\u2248 Ip\u2030hn NmcW \\\\St\u00d8\u2260XmWv Ft\u2202m AYhm tae[n Imcn t\\\\cn\u00b4p\\\\S\u00d8p\u2202 tImSXn]ca\u221am\u00d8 in\u00a3m \\\\S]Sn{Iaw \\\\S\u220fnem\u00b0Wsat\u2202m D\u2248 Xs\u201a tcJmaqeamb A`n{]mbw (considered canonical opinion) tcJs\u220fSp\u00d8ns\u00b0m\u2260mbncn\u00b0Ww. {]mY anI At\\\\zjW\u00d8n\u00ac IqSpX\u00ac KuchXcamb Ip\u2030w (gravius delictum) \\\\S\u2202XmbmWv kwibn \u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202Xmbn I\u2260m\u00ac, hnhcw h\u00d8n\u00b0m\\\\nse B Ip\u2030w ssIImcywsN\u00f8p\u2202 Imcymebs\u00d8 Adnbn\u00b0phm\\\\pw {]mYanI At\\\\zjW dnt\u220fm\u00bf\u00b4n\u00ac FgpXnt\u00ae\u00bft\u00b0\u2260XmWv (cf. Motu Proprio Sacramentorum Sanctitatis Tutela). {]mYanI At\\\\zjWL\u00b4\u00d8n\u00ac Ahiyw sN t\u00f8\u2260 Hcp ImcyamWv Ip\u2030mtcm]nXs\\\\ tI\u0192\u00b0pI sb\u2202Xv. tae\u2264y\u00a3\u2265 {]mYanIAt\\\\zjW \u00d8n\\\\p\u2248 Un{Inbn\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 C\u00b0mcyw D\u0192s\u220fSp \u00d8ns\u00b0m\u2260v Cu D\u00d8chmZnXzw At\\\\zjIs\\\\ G\u00ac\u220fn\u00b0pItbm As\u221a\u00b6n\u00ac At\\\\zjW dnt\u220fm\u00bf \u00b4ns\u201a shfn\u00ae\u00d8n\u00ac t\\\\cn\u00b4v hnkvXcn\u00b0pItbm Bhmw. {]mYanIAt\\\\zjW\u00d8n\u00ac e`n\u00ae hnhc\u00dffpsS ASn\u00ffm\\\\\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3I\u2265 FgpXn \\\\evInbn\u00b4p\u2248 tNmZy\u00dffpsS ASn\u00ffm\\\\ \u00d8n\u00ac {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw \\\\S\u00d8p\u2202 At\\\\z jIt\\\\m AYhm At\\\\zjW\u00d8ns\u201a dnt\u220fm\u00bf\u00b4v In\u00b4nbtijamsW\u00b6n\u00ac tae[y\u00a3\u2265 Xs\u2202tbm BWv C\u00dfs\\\\ Ip\u2030mtcm]nXs\\\\ tI\u0192t\u00b0\u2260Xv. Ip\u2030mtcm]nXs\\\\s\u00b0m\u2260v in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Ia\u00dffpsS `mKambn Hchkc\u00d8n\u00ac t]mepw kXy{]Xn\u2044 sN\u00f8n\u00b0phm\u2265 ]mSp\u2248X\u221a (cf. CCEO c.1471, \u00a72). Ip\u2030mtcm]nXs\\\\ tI\u0192\u00b0pt\u00bamgpw t\\\\m\u00b4dnbpsS km\u2202n[yap\u2260mbncn\u00b0Ww. Bsf hnkvX-cn-\u00ae-Xns\u201a tNmtZym\u00d8c\u00df\u0192 t\\\\m\u00b4dn hnizkvXambn ]I\u00bf\u00d8nsbgpXnbXv hmbn\u00aeptI\u0192\u220fn\u00aetijw aq\u2202pt]cpw H\u220fntS\u2260XpamWv. \\\\oXn kwc\u00a3I\\\\v Cu tNmtZym\u00d8cthfbn\u00ac k\u2202nlnX\\\\mIphm\u2265 AhImiap\u2260v F\u00b6nepw D\u00d8chmZnXzan\u221a. {]mYanI At\\\\zjWs\u00d8\u220f\u2030nbp\u2248 ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nbaw hmbn\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 {]YaZr\u201eym t\\\\m\u00b4 dnbpw \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3I\\\\pw Cu At\\\\zjW{]{Inb bn\u00ac ]s\u00b6Spt\u00b0\u2260XmsW\u2202v a\\\\\u00a0nemhpIbn\u221a F\u2202XmWv hmkvXhw. F\u2202m\u00ac At\\\\zjIs\u201a AhImis\u00d8bpw ISasbbpw]\u2030n ]dbp\u2202 Imt\\\\m\\\\bn\u00ac (1468, \u00a73) \\\"\\\"hnNmcWbn\u00ac sXfnhp tiJcn\u00b0p\u2202 hy\u2021n\u00b0p\u2248 AtX A[nImc\u00dffpw ISaIfpw'' F\u2202v ]d\u2122ncn\u00b0p\u2202Xn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202mWv Cu At\\\\zjWw tImSXn\\\\S]Sn{Ia\u00d8n\\\\\\\\pkcn\u00aev t\\\\m\u00b4dnbpsS km\u2202n[y\u00d8n\u00ac thWsa\u2202v \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1in \u00b0phm\u2265 Cu teJIs\\\\ t{]cn\u220fn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202Xv. 114","F\u2202ncp\u2202mepw t\\\\m\u00b4dn IqSmsXbp\u2248 {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw AXn\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 Akm[phmIp\u2202n\u221a F\u2202Xpw Hm\u00bft\u00b0\u2260XmWv. ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnXbnse 1469\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\njIv \u00bfjn\u00b0p\u2202p: \u00a71) \\\"\\\"At\\\\zjWw Xr]vXnIcsa\u2202v tXm\u2202p\u2202]\u00a3w, Imt\\\\m-\\\\-I\u0192 1403 Dw 1411 Dw ]cnKWn\u00aepsIm\u2260pXs\u2202, in\u00a3 Npa\u00d8m\\\\p\u2248 \\\\S ]SnsbSp\u00b0Wtam F\u2202pw, \\\\S]SnsbSp\u00b0Wsa\u2202v At\u00b1lw Xocpam\\\\n\u00b0pIbmsW\u00b6n\u00ac {Inan-\\\\\u00ac hnNmcWbneqsSbmtWm AYhm tImSXnapd IqSmsXbp\u2248 I\u00ac\u220f\\\\ hgnbmtWm {]kvXpX \\\\S]SnsbSpt\u00b0\u2260Xv F\u2202pw tae\u2264y\u00a3\u2265 Xocpam\\\\nt\u00b0\u2260XmWv.'' \u00a72) hyXykvXamb Hcp Xocpam\\\\w BhiyamsW\u2202v ]pXnb hkvXpXI fn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw kmlNcy\u00dffn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw X\\\\n\u00b0v t_m[yamIpt\u00bam\u0192 tae\u2264y\u00a3\u2265 Xs\u201a Xocpam\\\\w d\u00b1m\u00b0pItbm, t`ZKXn hcp\u00d8pItbm sNt\u00f8\u2260Xm Wv. \u00a73) in\u00a3 Npa-\u00d8p\u2202 Imcy\u00d8n\u00ac Xm\u2265 Fs\u00a5 \u00b6nepw Xocpam\\\\n\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\pap\u00bav Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\\\\mb hy\u2021nsbbpw \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3Is\\\\bpw, hnthI]q\u00bf hIsa\u2202v At\u00b1lw IcpXpIbmsW\u00b6n\u00ac c\u2260v \\\\ymbm[n]\u2211msctbm \\\\nba\u00d8nse hnZKv\u2264cmb a\u2030p\u2248hsctbm tae\u2264y\u00a3\u2265 {ihnt\u00b0\u2260XmWv. A{]k\u2021amb Hcp hnNmcW Hgnhm\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\mbn Xmt\\\\m At\\\\zjIt\\\\m I\u00a3nIfpsS k\u2126Xt\u00d8m sS \\\\\u201e(damages) \u00dfsf\u220f\u2030n \\\\oXn]q\u00bfhIamb Xocpam\\\\saSp\u00b0p\u2202Xv A\\\\ptbmPyamtWm F\u2202pw tae\u2264y\u00a3\u2265 ]cymtemNnt\u00b0\u2260XmWv.'' apI-fn-ep-\u2264-cn\u00ae Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw hy\u2021-amWv \\\\oXn-kw-c-\u00a3-Is\\\\ {]mY-anI At\\\\z-j-W-L-\u00b4- \u00d8n\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 D\u0192s\u220f-Sp-t\u00d8-\u2260-Xns\u201a Bh-iy-I-X. {]mY-anI At\\\\z-j-W-\u00d8n-\\\\p-tijw Ip\u2030-hn-Nm-cW (Penal Trial) k`m-t\u00b0m-S-Xn-bn\u00ac \\\\S-\u00b0-s\u00b4-sb-\u2202mWv tae-\u2264y\u00a3s\u201a Xocp-am\\\\sa-\u00b6n\u00ac k`m-t\u00b0m-S-Xn- bn\u00ac tIkv ^b\u00ac sNt\u00f8-\u2260Xv (submitting the petition) \\\\oXn-kw-c-\u00a3-Is\u201a D\u00d8-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-Wv. in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-{I-a-\u00d8n\u00ac, ss\\\\bm-an-I-ambn ]d-\u2122m\u00ac, ]cm-Xn-\u00b0m-c\u2265 Cu \\\\oXn-kw-c-\u00a3-I-\\\\m-Wv. Abm\u0192 ka\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p\u2202 ]cm-Xn-bn\u00ac GXv in\u00a3m-\\\\n-b-a-\u00d8ns\u201a (penal law) AYhm in\u00a3m-ap-\u2202-dn-bn- \u220fn (penal precept) s\u201a ewL-\\\\-amWv ]cm-Xn-\u00b0m-[mcw F\u2202v hy\u2021-am-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xp-am-Wv. ]cm-Xn-\u00b0m- cs\u201a D\u00d8-c-hm-Zn-Xz-amWv tImSXnhyhlmc\u00dffn\u00ac Xs\u201a ]cmXn\u00b0m[mcamb sXfnhpI\u0192 ka\u00bf\u220fn\u00b0pIsb\u2202Xv. shdpsX sXfnhpI\u0192 ka\u00bf\u220fn\u00aem\u00ac am{Xw t]mcm, {]Xyp-X, AXv ka\u00bf\u221ent\u00b0\u2260Xns\u201abpw D\u00d8chmZnXzw Cu \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3It\u201aXmWv. 1207\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\- b- psS H\u2202mw J\ufb01nI C\u00dfs\\\\ hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"sXfnbn \u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\p\u2248 _m[yX, Btcm]W\u00df\u0192 D\u2202bn \u00b0p\u2202 hy\u2021nbn\u00ac \\\\n\u00a3n]vXambncn\u00b0p\u2202p.'' AXp t]mse 1472\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\njvI\u00bf jn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202p: \u00a71) {Inan\\\\\u00ac hnNmcW Bcw`n\u00b0 Wsa\u2202v tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\u2265 Iev]\\\\ ]pds\u220fSphn\u00aen\u00b4p s\u2260\u00b6n\u00ac At\u00b1lw \\\\ymbm[n]s\u201a ap\u00bamsI 1185, 1187 F\u2202o Imt\\\\m\\\\Ifnse \\\\n_\u2018\\\\I\u0192\u00b0\\\\pk cn\u00aev Ip\u2030]{Xw ka\u00bf\u220fnt\u00b0\u2260 \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3I\\\\v At\\\\zjW\u00d8ns\u201a F\u221am \\\\S]SntcJIfpw ssIamtd\u2260XmWv. \u00a72) Db\u00bf\u2202 tImSXnbpsS ap\u00bamsI, B tImSXn\u00b0pth\u2260n \\\\nban\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4ncn\u00b0p \u2202 \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3I\u2265 ]cmXn\u00b0mcs\u201a \u00ffm\\\\\u00d8v {]h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0p\u2202p.'' as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122m\u00ac \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3I\\\\v ]cmXn ^b\u00ac sN\u00f8p\u2202Xn\\\\v ap\u00bapXs\u2202 {]kvXpX tIkn\u00ac Ip\u2030mtcm]nXs\\\\Xn cmbn Bhiy\u00d8n\\\\v sXfnhpIfp\u2260v, AYhm sXfn hpI\u0192 tiJcn\u00b0m\u2265 Ignbpsa\u2202v Hcm\ufb02hnizmkw D\u2260mbncn\u00b0Ww. AXn\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202, \\\\oXnkwc \u00a3I\u2265 {]mYanI At\\\\zjWL\u00b4w apX\u00acXs\u2202 Ip\u2030hnNmcWbpsS `mK`m\u00b0mtI\u2260XmWv. F\u2202m\u00ac, e\u00d8o\u2265 k`bpsS in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Ia\u00dffnse {]mcw` At\\\\zjWs\u00d8\u220f\u2030nbp\u2248 kam\\\\ Imt\\\\m\\\\-bn\u00ac \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3Is\\\\ tI\u0192\u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 ISa tae\u2264- y\u00a3- \\\\- n\u00ac \\\\n\u00a3n]- vXam\u00b0p\u2202n\u221a F\u2202Xpw hmkvXhw (cf. CIC cc. 1717-1719). ]uckvXyIm\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbaw \\\"\\\"c\u2260v \\\\ymbm[n]\u2265amsctbm \\\\nbahnZKv[ cmb a\u2030p\u2248hsctbm'' (cf. CCEO c. 1469, \u00a73) tI\u0192 \u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 tae\u2264y\u00a3s\u201a D\u00d8chmZnXzw sF\u203an Iw (optional) B\u00b0nbt\u220fm\u0192 e\u00d8o\u2265k`bpsS in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Ia\u00d8n\u00ac Ahsc tI\u0192\u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 ISa Hgnhn\u221am\u00d8XmsW\u2202Xpw {]tXyIw ChnsS {]kvXmhyamWv. as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122m\u00ac, {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw Hcp {]lk\\\\amIcpsX\u2202pw tae-\u2264y-\u00a3s\u201a `mh\\\\bpw B{Klhpw (whims and fancies) A\\\\pkcn\u00aev in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnI\u0192 apt\u2202m\u00b4p sIm\u2260pt]mIphm\u2265 ]uckvXy]m\u203amXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbakwlnXI\u0192 A\\\\phZn\u00b0p\u2202n\u221a F\u2202XpamWv ta\u00ac\u220fd\u2122 \\\\n_\u2018\\\\Ifn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw hy\u2021am Ip\u2202Xv. ChnsS {]k\u2021amb as\u2030mcp tNmZyw, k\\\\ymk k`Ifnse s{]mhn\u2265jymf\u00ae\u2265 AYhm P\\\\dmf- \u00ae\u2265 C\u00dfs\\\\sbmcp {]mYanI At\\\\zjW\u00d8n\\\\p \u00d8chnSpt\u00bam\u0192 \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3I\u2265 Bcmbncn\u00b0pw F\u2202XmWv. cq]Xmsa{Xm\u2211msc kw_\u2018n\u00aenSt\u00d8m fw cq]XbpsS Iqcnbmbn\u00ac \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3I (pro- motorof justice) \\\\mbn Ft\u220fmgpw tkh\\\\a\\\\pjvTn\u00b0p\u2202 Hcp hy\u2021n D\u2260mbncn\u00b0pw. F\u2202m\u00ac k\\\\ymk `IfpsS `cWkwhn[m\\\\\u00dffn\u00ac s{]mhn\u2265jy\u00ac Xe\u00d8ntem P\\\\d\u00ac Xe\u00d8ntem A\u00dfs\\\\sbmcp kwhn[m\\\\w km[mcWKXnbn\u00ac D\u2260mImdn\u221am\u00d8 Xn\\\\memWv C\u00dfs\\\\sbmcp kwibap\u2260mIp\u2202Xv. A\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 kmlNcy\u00dffn\u00ac {]kvXpX k\\\\ymkk`IfpsS s{]mhn\u2265jymf\u00ae\\\\v AYhm P\\\\dmf- \u00ae\\\\v Cu {]tXyI tIkn\\\\mbn (ad causam) Hcp \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3Is\\\\ \\\\nban\u00b0mhp\u2202XmWv. A\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\nban\u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202 hy\u2021n kz\u00a5w k\\\\ymk k`bnse AwKambncn\u00b0Wsa\u2202v \\\\n\u00bf_\u2018an\u221a. Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nbakw_\u2018amb Adnhp\u2248 Hcp sshZnI \\\\mbm\u00ac am{Xw aXnbmhpw. {]mcw` At\\\\zjW 115","\u00d8n\\\\p\u2248 D\u00d8chn\u00ac At\\\\zjIs\u201a t]cv, \\\\oXnkw c\u00a3Is\u201a t]cv, t\\\\m\u00b4dnbpsS t]cv F\u2202nh D\u0192s\u220fSp t\u00d8\u2260XmWv. AXpIqSmsX, Hmtcmcp\u00d8\u00bf\u00b0pw {]tXyIw {]tXyIambn \\\\nba\\\\ D\u00d8chpw Cdt\u00b0 \u2260XmWv. CXns\u201a ]I\u00bf\u220fv At\\\\zjWw t\\\\cnSp\u2202 hy\u2021n\u00b0pw B\u0192 k\\\\ymksshZnI\\\\msW\u00b6n\u00ac BfpsS k\\\\ymkkaql\u00d8ns\u201a A[nImcn\u00b0pw (local superior) \\\\\u00actI\u2260XpamWv. {]mYanI At\\\\z jWw F{X\\\\m\u0192sIm\u2260v Xo\u00bf\u00d8v dnt\u220fm\u00bf\u00b4v ka\u00bf\u220fn t\u00b0\u2260XmsW\u2202pw D\u00d8chn\u00acXs\u2202 hy\u2021amt\u00b0 \u2260XmWv. hy\u2021am\u00b0nbn\u00b4ns\u221a\u00b6n\u00ac s]mXpthbp\u2248 coXnb\\\\pkcn\u00aev aq\u2202v amk\u00d8n\\\\Iw {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw ]q\u00bf\u00d8nbmt\u00b0\u2260XmbmWv a\\\\\u00a0nem t\u00b0\u2260Xv. {]mYanI At\\\\zjW D\u00d8chnd\u00b0n\u00b0gn\u2122m\u00ac AtXmsSm\u220fwXs\u2202, 1473\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\bn\u00ac kqNn \u220fn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202 \\\"At\\\\zjWhnt[bamb kksv ]\u2265j \u2265' Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\\\\v \\\\\u00acIphm\\\\pw tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\\\\v km[n\u00b0pw. 1473\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1in \u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"DX\u220fp\u2260mIp\u2202Xv XSbphm\\\\pw km\u00a3nI fpsS kzmX{\u00a5yw kwc\u00a3n\u00b0phm\\\\pw \\\\oXn ]cnc\u00a3n \u00b0phm\\\\pambn, hnNmcWbpsS GXv Xe\u00d8nepw L\u00b4\u00d8nepw, \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3Is\\\\ {ihn\u00aeXn\\\\pti jhpw, Ip\u2030mtcm]ns\\\\ Adnbn\u00aetijhpw Xncp\u220f\u00b4\u00df \u0192, DtZymKw, ip{iqj As\u221a\u00b6n\u00ac as\u2030mcp NpaXe F\u2202nhbpsS hn\\\\ntbmK\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw Ip\u2030mtcm]nX s\\\\ XSbp\u2202Xn\\\\pw, Hcp \\\\n\u203anX \u00ffet\u00d8m {]tZi t\u00d8m D\u2248 hmkw Npa\u00d8p\u2202Xnt\\\\m, hne\u00b0p\u2202Xn t\\\\m hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\bpsS ]ckyamb kzoIcW \u00d8n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pt]mepw XSbp\u2202Xnt\\\\m tae\u2264y\u00a3\\\\v Ignbp\u2202XmW.v Cu \\\\S]SnI\u0192\u00b0p\u2248 ImcWw C\u221amXmIpt\u00bam\u0192 Ah ]n\u2265hent\u00b0\u2260XmW.v {Inan\\\\\u00ac hyhlmcw Ahkm\\\\n\u00b0p\u2202tXmsS \\\\nba\u00d8m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 Ah C\u221amXmhpIbpw sN\u00f8pw.'' \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3Is\\\\ tI\u0192\u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 \\\\n_\u2018\\\\ hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202Xv tae[nImcn kz\u00a5w A`n{]mb\u00d8n \u00acam{Xw C\u00dfs\\\\sbmcp Kuchamb \\\\S]Sn ssIs\u00b0m \u2248cpXv F\u2202XpXs\u2202. DX\u220fv XSbpI, km\u00a3nIfpsS kzmX{\u00a5yw kwc\u00a3n\u00b0pI, \\\\oXn ]cnc\u00a3n\u00b0pI F\u2202o {Xnhn[ e\u00a3y\u00dffntesX\u00b6nepw C\u00dfs\\\\sbm cp \\\\S]Sn Bhiys\u220fSp\u2202Xmbn tae[nImcn\u00b0pw \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3I\\\\pw tXm\u2202nbm\u00ac am{Xta At\\\\zj Whnt[bamb kkvs]\u2265j\u2265 Ip\u2030mtcm]nXs\\\\Xnsc hn\\\\ntbmKn\u00b0m\u2265 ]mSp\u2248q. C\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 kkvs] \u2265j\u2265, Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\u2265 Ip\u2030\u00b0mc\\\\msW\u2202 bmsXmcp ap\u2265hn[nbpw \\\\\u00acIp\u2202pan\u221a; ImcWw, CsXmcp in\u00a3b\u221a, {]XypX Hcp ap\u2265IcpX\u00ac \\\\S]Sn{Iaw am{XamW.v F\u2202m\u00ac At\\\\zjW hnt[bamb kkvs]\u2265j\\\\ptijw in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Ia\u00df\u0192 thKwXs\u2202 Xo\u00bft\u00b0\u2260Xmbn\u00b4p\u2260v. GXmbmepw k`mtImSXn hgntbm AYhm tImSXnbnXc in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Iaw (administrative penal process) hgntbm D\u2248 in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnIfpsS BZyhn[n (First Instance) At\\\\zjW hnt[bambn\u00b4p\u2248 kkvs]\u2265 j\u2265 \\\\\u00acInbtijw Hcp h\u00bfj\u00d8n\\\\p\u2248nse\u00b6nepw ]q\u00bf\u00d8nbmt\u00b0\u2260XmWv. {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw D\u00d8chnSp\u2202Xn\\\\v tae\u2264y\u00a3\\\\p\u2248 ISa \\\"\\\"Hcp Ip\u2030s\u00d8\u220f\u2030nbp\u2248 Adnhv tae\u2264y\u00a3- \\\\v In\u00b4pt\u00bam\u0192, Cu Adnhv kXyam sW\u2202v tXm\u2202pIbmsW\u00b6n\u00ac'' am{Xtabp\u2248q F\u2202Xpw Hm\u00bft\u00b0\u2260XmWv. hy\u2021nhntcm[w Xo\u00bf\u00b0phm\\\\pw hy\u2021nIfpsS kXvt]c- n\\\\v If\u00b6w Nm\u00bf\u00d8phm\\\\pambn [mcmfw ASn\u00ffm\\\\clnXamb Btcm]W\u00df\u0192 Znhkhpw e`n\u00aepsIm\u2260ncn\u00b0p\u2202 Cu ImeL\u00b4\u00d8n\u00ac Hcp \\\"\\\"Adnhv kXyamWv'' (verisimilis) F\u2202v {]kvXpX tae\u2264y\u00a3\\\\v tXm\u2202Wsa\u00b6n\u00ac AXn\\\\pt]m\u00ac_eIamb Fs\u00a5\u00b6nepsams\u00b0 sXfnthm, kqN\\\\Itfm F\u00b6nepw Btcm]W\u00d8ns\u201a Iq\u00b4\u00d8nep\u2260mIWw. tae\u2264y \u00a3s\u201a a\\\\\u00a0m\u00a3n a{\u00a5n\u00aeXpsIm\u2260pam{Xw in\u00a3n \u00b0mambncp\u2202 ImeL\u00b4w (ex informata conscientia) 1983 se e\u00d8o\u2265k`bpsS Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnXbpw 1990 se ]uckXv y Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nbakwlnXbpw \\\\S\u220fn\u00ac h\u2202tXmSpIqSn C\u221amXmbn F\u2202XmWv hkXv pX. AXns\u201a ASn\u00ffm\\\\w sFIycm{\u201ek`bpsS a\\\\pjymhImi{]Jym]\\\\\u00d8nse ]Xns\\\\m\u2202mw B\u00bf\u00b4n\u00b0n\u0192 BWpXm\\\\pw. {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw D]cn\u03c0hamsW\u00b6n\u00ac Dt]\u00a3n\u00b0msa\u2202v in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Iaw hy\u2021am\u00b0p \u2202p\u2260v. AXns\u201ab\u00bf\u221ew {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw IqSmsX Xs\u2202, hy\u2021amb sXfnhpIfp\u2248 tIkp Ifn\u00ac tae\u2264y\u00a3\\\\v Hcp Un{Inhgn \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3 It\\\\mSv k`mt\u00b0mSXnbn\u00ac ]cmXn ka\u00bf\u220fn\u00aev apt\u2202m\u00b4p t]mIphm\u2265 Bhiys\u220fSpItbm, AYhm At\u00b1lw Xs\u2202, tImSXn\u00b0v ]pd\u00d8p\u2248 in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnI\u0192 (administrative penal process) as\u2030mcp Un{Inhgn Bcw`n\u00b0pItbm BImhp\u2202XmWv. DZmlcW\u00d8n\\\\v ^mZ\u00bf tdm_ns\\\\ knhn\u0192 tImSXn Ip\u2030\u00b0mc\\\\mbn in\u00a3n\u00ae B tIkn\u00ac, ]nXrXz ]cntim[\\\\ (DNA Test) bpsS ^e\u00d8ns\u201a shfn\u00ae\u00d8n\u00ac, {]mYanI At\\\\zjWan\u221amsXXs\u2202, h\u00d8n\u00b0m\\\\nse hnizmk Xncp\u00a0wL (Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith) \u00d8n\\\\v in\u00a3m \\\\S]SnIfnte\u00b0v t\\\\cn\u00b4v IS\u00b0phm\u2265 km[n\u00b0pambncp\u2202p. A\u00dfs\\\\bmWv kw`hn\u00aesX \u2202pw Cu teJI- \u2265 IcpXp\u2202p. ChnsS {]tXyIambn Hm\u00bft\u00b0\u2260 Nne Imcy\u00df \u0192 Xmsg ]dbp\u2202hbmWv: 1) {Inan\\\\\u00ac hnNmcWbpsS H\u2202mw L\u00b4ambn\u00b4mWv {]mYanI At\\\\zjWs\u00d8 ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbakwlnX AhXcn\u220fn\u00aen\u00b4p\u2248Xv. 2) F\u2202m\u00ac, {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw Bcw`n\u00aeXp sIm\u2260pam{Xw Hcm\u0192 Ip\u2030\u00b0mc\\\\mhp\u2202n\u221a; Ip\u2030m 116","tcm]nX\u2265 am{Xta Bhp\u2202p\u2248q. Ip\u2030\u00b0mcs\\\\\u2202v hn[n\u00b0p\u2202Xphsc Ip\u2030mtcm]nXs\\\\ \\\\nc]cm[nbm bn am{Xta IcpXm\\\\m-hq. 3) {]mcw` At\\\\zjW D\u00d8chn\\\\ptijw \\\\oXnkw c\u00a3Is\\\\ {ihn\u00aetijw, DX\u220fp\u2260mIp\u2202Xv XS bphmt\\\\m, km\u00a3nIfpsS kzmX{\u00a5yw kwc\u00a3n \u00b0phmt\\\\m, \\\\oXn \\\\S\u220fnem\u00b0phmt\\\\m, Bhiyam bn tXm\u2202p\u2202 ]\u00a3w, Hcp Un{Inhgn Ip\u2030mtcm ]nXs\\\\ At\\\\z-jWhnt[bambn kkvs]\u2265Uv sN\u00f8phm\u2265 tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\\\\v AhImihpw A[nImc hpap\u2260v. 4) F\u221am Btcm]W\u00df\u0192\u00b0pw {]mYanI At\\\\zj Wamhiyan\u221a; AXmbXv hy\u2021amb sXfnhpI fp\u2248t\u220fm\u0192 {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw D]cn\u03c0hamb kmlNcy\u00d8nepw, AXpt]mseXs\u2202, Btcm] Ww hnizk\\\\obambnt\u00d8m\u2202phm\u2265 ]\u2030nb bmsXmcp sXfnhpw Btcm]W\u00d8ns\u201a IqsS C\u221am\u00d8t\u220fmgpw. ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnXbnse 23\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\njvI\u00bfjn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"as\u2030mcp hy\u2021nbpsS kXvt]cv \\\\nbahncp\u2264ambn \\\\in\u220fn\u00b0p hmt\\\\m, kzImcyX kwc\u00a3n\u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 GsX\u00b6n epw hy\u2021nbpsS AhImis\u00d8 \\\\ntj[n\u00b0phmt\\\\m B\u00bf\u00b0pw A\\\\phmZan\u221a.'' kXvt]cn\\\\p\u2248 (right to good reputation) AhImiw F\u221am a\\\\pjyhy\u2021n-IfpsSbpw a\\\\pjymhImi (human right) \u00d8n\u00acs]\u00b4 XmWv. AXn\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202, GjWnsIm\u2260v as\u2030mcmfpsS kXvt]-cn\\\\v If\u00b6w hcp\u00d8p (cf. CCEO c. 1452) hm\u2265 {ian\u00b0p\u2202Xv Hcp in\u00a3m\u00bflamb Ip\u2030IrXyambn\u00b0cpXn in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnI\u0192 tae-\u2264y\u00a3\u2211m\u00bf kzoIcnt\u00b0\u2260XmWv. F\u2202m\u00ac Hcm\u0192 sX\u2030v sNbvXXmbn sXfnhns\u201a ASn\u00ffm\\\\\u00d8n\u00ac t_m[ywh\u2202 Hcp hy\u2021n\u00b0v \\\\mYm\u2265 {]hmNI s\\\\t]mse, B hnhcw _\u2018s\u220f\u00b4 A[nImcnIsf tcJmaqeamb ]cmXnbneqsS Adnbn\u00b0p\u2202Xv \\\\nbahncp\u2264amb kXvt]cv \\\\in\u220fn\u00b0e\u221a, {]XypX, k`bpsS \\\\\u2211bv\u00b0pth\u2260nbp\u2248 Hcp [m\u00bf\u2126nI D\u00d8chmZnXz\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pcp\u00d8ncnbp\u2202 Hcp B\u00bf\u00f7hw \\\\nd\u2122 {]hr\u00d8n am{XamWv. \\\\\u2126psS cmPy\u00d8v C\u2202v ImWp\u2202 Hcp henb A]N-bw, X\u00df\u0192\u00b0n\u201ean\u221am\u00d8h\u00bfs\u00b0Xncmbn X\u00dffpsS in\u00b6nSnIsfsIm\u2260v sI\u00b4n\u00aea\u00ae ]cmXnI\u0192 ka\u00bf\u220fn\u00aetijw, in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Ia\u00dfsf\u221amw Im\u2030n\u00ac ]d\u00d8ns\u00b0m\u2260v hy\u2021nIsf XmdSn\u00b0p hm\\\\pw, in\u00a3 F\u2202 hm\u00b0p]tbmKn\u00b0msXXs\u2202 C\u221amXm\u00b0m\\\\pap\u2248 {ia\u00dffmWv. C\u00a5ybnse It\u00d8men\u00b0mk`bnepw A\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 kw`h \u00df\u0192 hncfa\u221amsb\u2202Xpw tJZIcw Xs\u2202. \\\\nbahy h\u00ff (rule of law) sb AwKoIcn\u00b0pIbpw _lpam \\\\n\u00b0pIbpw sN\u00f8m\u00d8 GsXmcp kaql\u00d8ns\u201abpw A[x]X\\\\w A[nIw hnZqca\u221a F\u2202XmWv hkvXpX. I\u00f8q\u00b0p\u2248h\u2265 Imcy\u00b0mc\u2265, might is right F\u2202n\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 ap{ZmhmIy\u00df\u0192 apg\u00b0p\u2202h\u00bf, kXy\u00d8n\\\\pw \\\\oXn\u00b0pw \\\\nba\u00d8n\\\\pw ]p\u221aphne sImSp\u00b0p\u2202h\u00bf, \\\"\\\"hmsf-Sp-\u00b0p-\u2202-h\u00bf hmfm\u00ac'' F\u2202 I\u00bf\u00d8mhotimaninlmbpsS hN\\\\w Hm\u00bf\u00b0p\u2202Xv \\\\\u221aXv. \\\"\\\"Zp\u201e\u2265 {]_e\\\\mIp\u2202Xpw e_t\\\\m\\\\nse tZhZmcpt]mse Db\u00bf\u2202p\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202Xpw Rm\u2265 I\u2260n\u00b4p\u2260v. ]n\u2202oSv Rm\u2265 AXnse IS\u2202pt]m bt\u220fm\u0192 Ah\\\\hnsS D\u2260mbncp\u2202n\u221a; Ahs\\\\ At\\\\zjn\u00aep I\u2260n\u221a'' (k\u00b6o 37:35-\u02db36) F\u2202 k\u00b6o\u00bf\u00d8\\\\w \\\\mamcpw ad\u00b0mhp\u2202X\u221a. AXpt]mseXs\u2202 as\u2030mcp A]NbamWv sX\u2030v sNbvXpsh\u2202v hy\u2021amb Ahkc\u00dffn\u00ac t]mepw tae-\u2264y-\u00a3-\u2211m\u00bf \\\"Rms\\\\m-\u2202p-a-dn-\u2122nt\u221a cma\\\\mcm bW' F\u2202 a\u00b4n\u00ac X\\\\n\u00b0v In\u00b4nb Itkcbn\u00ac A\u2248n\u220fnSn\u00aencp\u2202v \\\\ncp\u00d8chmZn\u00d8]cambn A\\\\\u00dfm\u220fmd\\\\bw kzoIcn\u00b0p\u2202Xv. hy\u2021amb Ip\u2030mtcm]W]\u203am\u00d8e\u00d8n\u00ac {]mYanI At\\\\zj W\u00d8n\\\\v D\u00d8chnSphm\\\\pw At\\\\zjW\u00d8ns\u201a dnt\u220fm\u00bf\u00b4ns\u201a ASn\u00ffm\\\\\u00d8n\u00ac XpS\u00bf\\\\S]SnIfn te\u00b0v IS\u00b0phm\\\\pap\u2248 tae\u2264y\u00a3\u2211mcpsS ISa Ah\u00bf \\\\n\u00bfhln\u00b0p\u2202ns\u221a\u00b6n\u00ac, Ah\u00bfs\u00b0Xnsc \\\"\\\"Ip\u2030Icamb A\\\\m\u00ff'' F\u2202 in\u00a3m-\\\\n-b-a-\u00d8nse hIp\u220f\\\\pkcn\u00aev \\\\S]SnI\u0192 kzoIcn\u00b0Wsa\u2202v Bhiys\u220f\u00b4psIm\u2260p\u2248 ]cmXn At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a tae[nImcnI\u0192\u00b0v ka\u00bf\u220fn\u00b0phm\\\\pw B hnjbhpambn _\u2018s\u220f\u00b4 GsXmcp hnizmkn\u00b0pw km[n\u00b0pw. 1.1.2. Ip\u2030hnNmcW k`mtImSXnbn\u00ac \\\"{Inan\\\\\u00ac hnNmcWbpsS ]ptcmKXn' F\u2202 io\u00bfjI\u00d8n\u00ac 1471 apX\u00ac 1482 hscbp\u2248 Imt\\\\m \\\\IfnemWv k`mtImSXnbnep\u2248 Ip\u2030hnNmcW bpsS {]tXyIXI\u0192 D\u0192s\u00b0m\u2248p\u2202 in\u00a3m \\\\S]Sn IfpsS Imt\\\\m-\\\\-I-fp-\u2248-Xv. Ah-bnse G\u2030hpw {]k\u2021amb Imcy\u00df\u0192 kw\u00a3n]vXambn Xmsg sImSp\u00b0p\u2202p: 1) \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3I\\\\mWv Ip\u2030hnNmcWt\u00b0mSXn bnse ]cmXn\u00b0mc\u2265. At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a \u00ffm\\\\w cmPy\u00d8ns\u201a tImSXnbnse ]\u00aanIv t{]mknIyq\u00b4 dnt\u201a-Xn\\\\v XpeyamWv. ]cmXn ^b\u00ac sNt\u00f8\u2260 Xpw sXfnhpI\u0192 \\\\nc\u00d8n tIkv hmZn\u00aev Ip\u2030mtcm ]nX\u2265 in\u00a3m\u00bfl\\\\msW\u2202v sXfnbnt\u00b0\u2260Xpw F\u00a5v in\u00a3-bmWv \\\\evtI-\u2260-sX\u2202v tImSXntbmSv At]\u00a3nt\u00b0\u2260Xpw At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a NpaXebm Wv. 2) BZys\u00d8 ]cmXn\u00b0mc\u2265 AYhm Ip\u2030mtcm]nX s\u201a AXn{IawsIm\u2260v _p\u2264nap\u00b4p\u2260mb B\u0192 km\u00a3nIfpsS KW\u00d8- ne- mWv hcp\u2202sX\u00b6nepw Xs\u2202 {]tXyIw tI\u0192\u00b0Wsa\u2202pw th\u2260nh \u2202m\u00ac 117","X\\\\n\u00b0v kz\u00a5ambn Hcp h\u00b0oens\\\\ hbv\u00b0m-\\\\\\\\phZn\u00b0Wsa\u2202pw tImSXntbmSv At]\u00a3n \u00b0phm\\\\mhpw. 3) hnizmkkwc\u00a3I\\\\v, Xm\u2265 \\\\nban\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4ncn\u00b0p \u2202 tImSXnbn\u00ac am{Xta tIkv ^b\u00ac sN\u00f8m \\\\mhq: \\\"\\\"Db\u00bf\u2202 tImSXnbpsSap\u00bamsI, B tImSXn\u00b0pth\u2260n \\\\nban\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4ncn\u00b0p\u2202 \\\\oXn-kw-c- \u00a3-I\u2265 ]cm-Xn-\u00b0m-cs\u201a \u00ffm\\\\\u00d8v {]h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0p\u2202p'' (cf. CCEO c.1472, \u00a72). 4) \\\"\\\"Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-X\u2265 Ip\u2030w G\u2030p-]-d-bp-hm\u2265 IS-s\u220f-\u00b4-h-\\\\-\u221a. {]Xn-\u2044-sb-Sp-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 Bhiys\u220fSphm\\\\pw km[n\u00b0n\u221a'' (CCEO c.1471, \u00a72). 5) Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\\\\v Hcp h\u00b0o\u00ac AXymhiyamWv. Abm\u0192 kzbambn Hcp h\u00b0oens\\\\ hbv\u00b0p-\u2202n-s\u221a- \u00b6n\u00ac tImSXnXs\u2202 tImSXnbpsS Nnehn\u00ac Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-X-\\\\mbn h\u00b0o-ens\\\\ hbvt\u00b0\u2260XmWv (cf. CCEO c.1474). 6) k`mt\u00b0mSXnIfn\u00ac km\u00a3nIsf hnkvXcn \u00b0p\u2202Xv PUvPnam\u00bf Xs\u2202bmWv. \\\\oXnkw c\u00a3I\\\\pw Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-X\\\\pw X\u00df\u0192\u00b0pth\u2260n km\u00a3yw \\\\\u00acIphm\u2265 X\u00f8mdp\u2248hcpsS ]\u00b4nI bpw AhtcmSv tNmZnt\u00b0\u2260 tNmZy\u00dffpw tImS Xn\u00b0v ka\u00bf\u220fnt\u00b0\u2260XmWv. km\u00a3nIsf hn kvXcn\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 \\\\oXn kwc\u00a3I\\\\pw Ip\u2030mtcm ]nXs\u201a h\u00b0o-en\\\\pw PUvPnbpsS k\u2126Xt\u00d8m SpIqSn hnkvXmckab\u00d8v k\u2202nlnXcmIphm\\\\pw km[n\u00b0pw. AXpt]mseXs\u2202 \\\\ymbm[n]\u2211m\u00bf \u00b0v tNmZn\u00b0phm\\\\mbn IqSpX\u00ac tNmZy\u00df\u0192 FgpXns\u00b0mSp\u00b0phm\\\\pw km[n\u00b0pw. F\u2202m\u00ac, Ah\u00bf\u00b0v BtcmSpw t\\\\cn\u00b4v tNmZyw tNmZn\u00b0phm\u2265 A\\\\phmZan\u221a. 7) Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-Xs\\\\ hnNmcW sN\u00f8pt\u00bam\u0192, X\u2019a bw k\u2202nlnX\\\\mbns\u00b0m\u2260v Hmtcm tNmZyhpw \\\\ymbm[n]\u2265 tNmZn\u00aepIgnbpt\u00bamfp\u2248 adp]Sn bpsS shfn\u00ae\u00d8n\u00ac At\u220fmgt\u220fm\u0192 D]tNmZy \u00df\u0192 FgpXn \\\\ymbm-[n-]\\\\v sImSp\u00b0phm\\\\pw hnizmkkwc\u00a3I\\\\v km[n\u00b0pw. 8) in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnbpsS `mKambp\u2248 tImSXn hnNmcWbpsS Ahkm\\\\w \\\"\\\"tIkns\u201a Hcp N\u00bf\u00ae hmNnIambn \\\\St\u00d8\u2260XmWv'' (cf. CCEO c.1476). Cu hmNnIN\u00bf\u00aebn\u00ac \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3I\\\\pw Ip\u2030mtcm]Xn\\\\pw AbmfpsS h\u00b0oepw BZyw ]cmXn X\u2202bm\u0192 AYhm Cu Ip\u2030waqew \u00a3Xw kw`hn\u00aebmfpw AbmfpsS h\u00b0oepw k\u2202n lnX\\\\mbncn\u00b0Ww. 9)\\\"\\\"tIkns\u201a N\u00bf\u00aebn\u00ac hy\u2021n]camtbm Xs\u201a h\u00b0o\u00ac aptJ\\\\tbm Ahkm\\\\w kwkmcn\u00b0p hm\\\\p\u2248 AhImiw Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\\\\v Ft\u220fmgp ap\u2260v'' (CCEO c.1478). 10) \\\"\\\"Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\u2265 Ip\u2030w sNbvXn\u00b4ns\u221a\u2202v {Inan-\\\\\u00ac hnNmcWbpsS GsXmcp Xc\u00d8nepw L\u00b4\u00d8nepw hy\u2021amhpIbmsW\u00b6n\u00ac Imemh[n Xo\u00bf\u2202p sh\u2202v hy\u2021ambncp\u2202m\u00act]mepw, \\\\ymbm[n]\u2265 CsXmcp hn[nbneqsS {]Jym]n\u00b0pIbpw Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-Xs\\\\ Ip\u2030-hn-ap-\u2021-\\\\m-\u00b0p-Ibpw sN\u00f8Ww'' (CCEO c.1482). as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122m\u00ac, tImSXnhn[n H\u2202pIn\u00ac \\\"\\\"Ip\u2030\u00b0mc\u2265'', As\u221a\u00b6n\u00ac \\\"\\\"Ip\u2030w sXfn\u2122n\u00b4n\u221a'' F\u2202o c\u2260pXcw am{Xam bm\u00ac t]mcm, {]Xyp-X, aq\u2202maXmbn Ip\u2030mtcm ]nX\u2265 \\\"\\\"Ip\u2030w sNbvXn\u00b4n\u221a'' F\u2202p\u2248 \\\"\\\"\\\\nc]cm[n'' F\u2202 hn[n IqSn BImsa\u2202v ]uc-kvXy-Im- \\\\\u2265\\\\n-baw hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p-\u2202p. 1.1.3. tImSXn \\\\S]Sn{Iaw IqSmsXbp\u2248 in\u00a3Npa\u00d8\u00ac henb altdm\u2265in\u00a3 (major excommunication), sshZnIhr\u00d8nbn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202p\u2248 Unkvan-\u00a0\u00ac (deposition) XpS\u00dfnb henb in\u00a3I\u0192 am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fbvt\u00b0m am\u00bf]m\u220fbpsS A[nImcw D]tbmKn\u00b0p\u2202 h\u00d8n\u00b0m\\\\nse Imcymeb\u00df\u0192t\u00b0m A\u221amsX tImSXn hn[nIfneqsS am{Xta hn[n\u00b0m\\\\mhq. AXpw aq\u2202v \\\\ymbm[n]\u2211mcS\u00dfnb s_\u00a9pIfmWv A\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 tIkpI\u0192 ssIImcyw sNt\u00f8\u2260Xv. F\u2202m\u00ac, Nne {]tXyI kmlNcy\u00dffn\u00ac tImSXn hyhlmcw IqSmsXXs\u2202, tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\\\\v Nne {]tXyI in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Ia\u00df\u0192 ]men\u00aepsIm\u2260v Ip\u2030\u00b0mc\\\\mbn Is\u2260\u00d8p\u2202 hy\u2021nsb sNdnb in\u00a3I\u0192sIm\u2260v in\u00a3n\u00b0m\\\\mhpw: \\\"\\\"C{]Imcap\u2248 Iev]\\\\ ss\u00ablnIknwlmk\\\\\u00d8n\\\\p]pdta, X\u00dffpsS A[nImc]cn[n\u00b0p\u2248n\u00ac ]m{Xn-bm\u00bf\u00b0o-knt\\\\m, taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aep-_n-j-\u220fn-t\\\\m, cq]Xm sa{Xmt\\\\m, Hcp ka\u00bf\u220fnXPohnXkaql\u00d8ns\u201a DtZymKklPamb `cWm[nImcap\u2248 taP\u00bf kp\u220focnbdnt\\\\m ]pds\u220fSphn\u00b0mhp\u2202XmWv; as\u2030\u221amhcpw Hgnhm\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4ncn\u00b0p\u2202p'' (CCEO c.1402,\u00a73). \\\"\\\"... {Inan-\\\\\u00ac hyhlmcw ths\u2260 \u2202phbv\u00b0phm\u2265 X\u00b0 Kuchamb ImcW\u00df\u0192 D\u2260mbncn\u00b0pIbpw Ip\u2030\u00d8ns\u201a sXfnhpI\u0192 Xo\u00bf\u00aebmbncn\u00b0pIbpamsW\u00b6n\u00ac, in\u00a3 DtZymKtam \u00ffm\\\\nI\\\\matam FSp\u00d8v Ifbp\u2202tXm, Hcp h\u00bfj\u00d8n\u00ac IqSpXep\u2248 kkvs]\u2265j\u2265, Xmgv\u2202 ]Zhnbnte\u00b0p\u2248 XcwXmgv\u00d8\u00ac, \u00ffm-\\\\-{`-jvS-\\\\m-\u00b0\u00ac, henb altdm\u2265 in\u00a3 F\u2202nh A\u221am\u00d8St\u00d8mfw, 1486, 1487 F\u2202o Imt\\\\m-\\\\-I-f-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev tImSXn \\\\S]Sn{Iaa\u221amsXbp\u2248 Hcp Iev]\\\\ (extra-judicial decree) hgn {]kvXpXIp\u2030w in\u00a3n\u00b0s\u220fSmhp\u2202XmWv'' (CCEO c.1402, \u00a72). tImSXnhyhlmc\u00df\u0192 Ft\u220fmgpw hfscb[nIw kabw FSp\u00b0p\u2202XmWv. It\u00d8men\u00b0mk`bnse Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nb- a- \u00d8- ns\u201a BXy\u00a5nIe\u00a3yw B\ufb02m\u00b0 fpsS c\u00a3bmbXn\\\\m\u00ac, Nnebhkc\u00dffnse\u00b6nepw DX\u220fp-I-fp\u2260mIp\u2202Xv XSbp\u2202Xn\\\\v \\\\oXn\\\\ymb hyh\u00ff Aev]w XzcnXKXnbn\u00ac {]h\u00bf\u00d8nt\u00b0 \u2260Xv AhiyambXn\\\\memWv in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{I a\u00d8n\u00ac ]m\u203amXy]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nba\u00d8n\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\sbmcp hIp\u220fv D\u2260m\u00b0nbncn\u00b0p\u2202Xv. ChnsS bpw Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\\\\v kzbw 118","\\\\oXoIcn\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\p\u2248 Ahkcw ]q\u00bfWambn \\\\\u00acInbn\u00b4p\u2260pXm\\\\pw: \\\"\\\"\u00a71. in\u00a3 Npa-\u00d8p\u2202 Iev]\\\\bpsS km[pXbv\u00b0v Xmsg\u220fdbp\u2202h BhiyamWv: 1\u00b0. \\\\nba\u00d8ns\u201a \\\\n_\u2018\\\\b\\\\pkcn\u00aev Adnbn\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4tijw Ip\u2030m tcm]nX\u2265 lmPcmIphm\u2265 hogvN hcp\u00d8nbn\u00b4n\u221am\u00d8 ]\u00a3w Btcm]Ws\u00d8\u00b0pdn\u00aepw sXfnhpIsf\u00b0pdn \u00aepw Abm\u0192 Adnbn\u00b0s\u220fSpIbpw kzbw \\\\oXoI cn\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\p\u2248 AhImiw ]q\u00bfWambn hn\\\\ntbm Kn\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\p\u2248 Ahkcw \\\\\u00acIs\u220fSpIbpwthWw; 2\u00b0. \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3IcpsSbpw t\\\\m\u00b4dnbpsSbpw km\u2202n\u2264y\u00d8n\u00ac, tae\u2264y\u00a3s\u201abpw As\u221a\u00b6n\u00ac At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a {]Xn\\\\n[nbpsSbpw Ip\u2030mtcm]nX s\u201abpw ap\u00bamsI hmNnI N\u00bf\u00ae \\\\S\u00d8Ww; 3\u00b0. in\u00a3 ASn\u00ffm\\\\am\u00b0nbncn\u00b0p\u2202 hkvXpXm]chpw \\\\nba]chpamb ImcW\u00df\u0192 Iev]\\\\bn\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 hy\u2021am\u00b0nbncnt\u00b0\u2260XmWv'' (CCEO c.1486). C\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 ad- ministrative penal process\u02dbepw \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3I\\\\pw t\\\\m\u00b4dnbpap\u2260mIWw. Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\\\\v kz\u00a5ambn h\u00b0o\u00ac D\u2260mIWsa\u2202v \\\\n\u00bf_\u2018an\u221a. F\u2202m\u00ac, Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\\\\v Hcp Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nbahnZKv\u2264s\u201a klmbw tXSp\u2202Xn\\\\v \\\\nbaw FXncp\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202pan\u221a. X\\\\ns\u00b0Xnscbp\u2248 Btcm]W\u00dffpw sXfnhpIfpw IqSnbp\u2248 ImcWwImWn-\u00b0\u00ac I\u00d8n\\\\p\u2248 adp]Sn Hcp \\\\nba hnZKv\u2264s\u201a klmbt\u00d8msS Abm\u0192\u00b0v X\u00f8mdm\u00b0mhp\u2202XmWv. A\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 adp]Sn X\u00f8mdm\u00b0phm\u2265 c\u2260mgvNhsc kabw tNmZn\u00b0p hm\\\\pw Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-X\\\\v kmam\\\\yKXnbn\u00ac AhImiap\u2260v. tImSXn hn[nbneqsStbm, AYhm tImSXn \\\\S]Sn{Iaw IqSmsXtbm D\u2248 hn[n h\u2202pIgn \u2122m\u00ac Ip\u2030hmfnbmbn hn[n\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4 B\u0192\u00b0v {]kvXpX hn[ns\u00b0Xnsc A\u220fo-en-\\\\p\u2248 Ahkchp ap\u2260v. C\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 A\u220fo\u00acImeL- \u00b4- \u00d8- n\u00ac in\u00a3 A\\\\p`hnt\u00b0\u2260Xn\u221aXm\\\\pw. 1487\u02db- mw Imt\\\\m-\\\\, tImSXn \\\\S]SnIqSmsXbp\u2248 in\u00a3m-hn-[n-s\u00b0-Xn-cm-bp\u2248 At]\u00a3sb\u220f\u2030n C\u00dfs\\\\ hy\u2021am\u00b0nbncn\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"\u00a71. in\u00a3 Npa-\u00d8p\u2202 Iev]-\\\\-bvs\u00b0-Xn-sc-bp\u2248 At]-\u00a3, {]kvXpX Iev]\\\\ Adn-bn-\u00b0-s\u220f\u00b4tijw e`yamb ]\u00d8v Znhk\u00df\u0192\u00b0p\u2248n\u00ac _\u2018s\u220f\u00b4 A[nImcn\u00b0v ka\u00bf\u220fnt\u00b0\u2260XmWv. \u00a72. Cu At]\u00a3 Iev]-\\\\-bpsS {]m_-eys\u00d8 XS-bp-\u2202p. \u00a73. D\u2202-Xm-[n-Im-cn-bpsS Xocpam\\\\\u00d8ns\\\\Xncmbn ho\u2260psamct]\u00a3 C\u221a.'' Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\bpsS aq\u2202mw JWvUn-I-bn\u00ac ]d\u2122ncn\u00b0p\u2202Xv D\u2202-Xm-[n-Im- cn-bpsS Xocp-am-\\\\-\u00d8n-s\\\\-Xn-cmbn ho\u2260p-sam-c-t]\u00a3 km[ya\u221a F\u2202msW\u00b6nepw h\u00d8n-\u00b0m\u2265 Imcym- e-b-\u00df\u0192 \\\\nehn\u00ac A\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 At]\u00a3I\u0192 ]cnKWn\u00b0p\u2202p\u2260v. DZmlcW\u00d8n\\\\v, Hcp k\\\\ymksshZn-Is\\\\ Bdv amk-t\u00d8\u00b0v kkvs]\u2265Uv sNbvXpsIm\u2260p\u2248 At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a s{]m- hn\u2265jy\u00ac kp\u220fo-cn-b-dns\u201a in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-s\u00b0-Xnsc {]kvXpX sshZn-I\u2265 kz\u00a5w k\\\\ym-k-k-`-bpsS P\\\\-dm-f-\u00aes\\\\ kao]n\u00b0pIbpw P\\\\-dm-f-\u00ae\u2265 At\u00b1-l-\u00d8ns\u201a At]\u00a3 (recourse) X\u2248n-b-Xn-s\\\\-Xnsc At\u00b1lw ]uc-kvXy-Im-cym-e-bs\u00d8 kao]n\u00b0pIbpw ]uc-kvXy-Im-cym-e-bhpw At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a At]\u00a3 X\u2248nbt\u220fm\u0192 At\u00b1lw h\u00d8n-\u00b0m-\\\\nse AXyp-\u2202XtImSXnbmb kn\u2122-\u00d8qc A\u220f-kvtXm- en\u00b0- t- bbpw kao]n\u00b0pIbpw kn\u2122\u00d8- qc A\u220fk- vtXme- n\u00b0- bpw Ahkm\\\\w At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a At]\u00a3 X\u2248n-\u00b0-f-\u2122p-sIm\u2260v Xo\u00bf\u220fm-\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXXv B k\\\\ym-k-k-`m-[n-Im-cn-I\u0192\u00b0v Imt\\\\m-\\\\nI D]- tZiw \\\\\u00acInbncp\u2202 Cu teJ-I\\\\v hy\u2021ambn Adnbmhp\u2202XmWv. 2. sshZn-I-scbpw k\\\\y-kvX-scbpw in\u00a3n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\p\u2248 {]tXyI \\\\S-]-Sn-{Iaw (2009) ]uc-kvXy-k-`mw-K-\u00df\u0192\u00b0m-bp\u2248 in\u00a3m-\\\\n-b-ahpw in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-{I-a-\u00dffpw ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m-\\\\- kw-ln-X-bn\u00ac BWv ImWp-\u2202-sX-\u00b6nepw hfsc Kuc-h-amb Ip\u2030-\u00df\u0192\u00b0p\u2248 Nne in\u00a3-Ifpw AXn- t\\\\m-S-\\\\p-_-\u2018n-\u00aep\u2248 \\\\S-]-Sn-{I-a-\u00dffpw 2001-\u02db-am-\u2260n\u00ac tPm\u00a8 t]m\u0192 c\u2260m-a\u2265 am\u00bf]m\u220f ]pd-s\u220f-Sp-hn\u00ae Sacramentorum Sanctitatits Tutela F\u2202 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8n-eqsS h\u00d8n-\u00b0m-\\\\nse hnizm-k-Im-cym-e-b-\u00d8ns\u201a am{Xw A[n-Im-c-ko-a-bn\u2265Iogn-em-\u00b0n-bn\u00b4p\u2248 Imcyw Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nbaw ssIImcyw sN\u00f8p-\u2202-h\u00bf\u00b0v Adn- hp-\u2248-Xm-Wv. F\u2202m\u00ac, A{Xbpw {]Np-c-{]-Nmcw e`n-\u00b0m\u00d8 H\u2202mWv 2009 P\\\\p-hcn 30-\u02dbmw XobXn am\u00bf]m\u220f Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples\u02db\\\\v \\\\evInb {]tXyI A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i- \u00dffpw in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-{I-a-\u00dffpw (Prot. N. 0579\/09, March 31, 2009). Cu \\\\S-]-Sn-{I-a-\u00df-f-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev tae-\u2264y-\u00a3s\u201a A`y\u00bf\u221e\\\\ am\\\\n\u00aev Cu Imcym-e-b-\u00d8n\\\\v Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-X\\\\v kzbw \\\\oXo-I-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn- \\\\p\u2248 Ah-kcw \\\\evIn-b-tijw Hcp sshZn-I-s\\\\tbm k\\\\y-kvX-s\\\\tbm am\u00bf]m-\u220f-bpsS t\\\\cn-\u00b4p\u2248 AwKo-Imcw hm\u00dfn-b-tijw sshZn-Im-\u00a5-\u00a0n\u00ac\\\\nt\u2202m k\\\\ym-k-Po-hn-X-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\nt\u2202m A\u220fo-en-\\\\-h-k- c-an-\u221am-\u00d8-co-Xn-bn\u00ac ]ncn-\u00aep-hn-Sp-hm\u2265 km[n\u00b0pw (cf. Special Faculty II). Cu \\\\nb-a-a-\\\\p-k-cn-\u00aep\u2248 in\u00a3m\\\\- S- ]- S- n, am\u00bf]m\u220f- b- psS t\\\\cn\u00b4- p\u2248 AwKoI- mc- t- \u00d8mSpw {]tXyI A[nI- mc- t- \u00d8mS- pwI- qS- nb- p\u2248- Xpw AXv ]uc-kvXy -e-\u00d8o\u2265 k`mw-K-\u00df\u0192s\u00b0\u221amw _m[-I-hp-am-Wv. sshZn-I-cpsS {]tXyI Kuc-h-ap\u2248 \\\\nb-a-ew-L-\\\\-\u00df-fpsS ]\u203am-\u00d8-e-\u00d8n\u00ac tae-\u2264y-\u00a3-\u2211m\u00bf\u00b0v Cu {]tXyI \\\\nb-a-\\\\-S-]-Sn-{I-a-\u00df\u0192 thK- \u00d8n-ep\u2248 \\\\oXn \\\\S-\u220fn-em-\u00b0-en\\\\v klm-b-I-c-am-Ipw. 3. hfsc Kuc-h-ta-dnb Ip\u2030-\u00dffpw hnizm-k-Im-cym-e-bhpw hfsc Kuchtadnb Ip\u2030\u00df\u0192 (More Grave Delicts) F\u2202v hnip\u2264 tPm\u00a8 t]m\u0192 c\u2260ma\u2265 am\u00bf]m\u220f Xs\u2202 Sacramentorum Sanctitatis Tutela bn\u00ac hntijn\u220fn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202 Ip\u2030\u00df\u0192\u00b0p\u2248 in\u00a3 hnizmkImcymeb\u00d8ns\u201a A\u00aeS\u00b0\\\\S]SnI\u0192 \u00b0mbp\u2248 Hm^okv hn`mKamWv ssIImcyw sN\u00f8p\u2202Xv. 119","h\u00d8n\u00b0m\u2265 Imcymeb\u00dffpsS tPmen ]p\\\\\u00bf\\\\n\u00bf\u00c6bn\u00aepIgn\u2122t\u220fm\u0192 Pontifical Council for the Protection of Minors F\u2202 Hcp I\u2126oj\u2265 hnizm kImcyme-b-\u00d8ns\u201a `mKambn {]h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0p\u2202p s\u2260\u00b6nepw sshZnIcpsS {]mb]q\u00bf\u00d8nbmhm \u00d8hcpsS t\\\\scbp\u2248 ssewKnIm Xn{Iaw XpS\u00dfn hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\bvs\u00b0Xncmbp\u2248 KuchXcamb Ip\u2030\u00df\u0192 D\u0192s\u220fsS F\u221amw hnizmkImcym eb\u00d8ns\u201a A\u00aeS\u00b0\\\\S]SnI\u0192\u00b0mbp\u2248 sk\u00a3\\\\n te\u00b0mWv {]mcw` At\\\\zjW\u00d8ns\u201a dnt\u220fm\u00bf\u00b4v klnXw tae\u2264y-\u00a3-\u2211m\u00bf Ab\u00aepsImSpt\u00b0\u2260Xpw AXn\\\\ptijw B Imcymeb\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202p\u2248 \\\\n\u00bf t\u00b1ia\\\\pkcn\u00aev XpS\u00bf\\\\S]SnI\u0192 kzoIcnt\u00b0\u2260Xpw. C\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 IqSpX\u00ac KuchXcamb Ip\u2030\u00dfsf kw_\u2018n\u00aep\u2248 Btcm]Wap\u2260mbm\u00ac {]mYanI At\\\\zjW\u00d8ns\u201a ^ew A\u00dfs\\\\sbmcp Ip\u2030w kw`hn\u00aen\u00b4ns\u221a\u2202msW\u00b6n\u00ac\u00b0qSn {]kvXpX dnt\u220fm\u00bf\u00b4v hnizmkImcyme-b\u00d8n\\\\v ka\u00bf\u220fnt\u00b0\u2260XmWv. D]kwlmcw 2022 Unkw_\u00bf 23\u02db24 XobXnIfn\u00ac FdWm Ipfw sk\u201a v tacokv _ken\u00b0bn\u00ac Act\u00dfdnb in\u00a3m\u00bfl\u00dffmb Ip\u2030\u00df\u0192\u00b0ptijw hfscb[n Iw hnizmknI\u0192 Cu teJIt\\\\mSv ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nba\u00d8nse in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnIsf\u00b0pdn\u00aev Hcp teJ\\\\sagpXphm\u2265 Bhiys\u220fSpIbp\u2260mbn F\u00b6nepw kmlNcy\u00dffpsS k\u2126\u00bf\u00b1waqew Ct\u220fmgm WXv km[nXamb-Xv. km[m-c-W, Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nbaw ]Tn\u00b0p\u2202 hnZym\u00bf\u221enI\u0192\u00b0v 15 aWn\u00b0q\u00bf \\\\ofp\u2202 Hcp hnjbambn \u00a2ms\u00a0Sp\u00d8ncp\u2202 Cu hnjbw km[mcW\u00b0m\u00bf\u00b0v a\\\\\u00a0nemIp\u2202 hn[\u00d8- n\u00ac eLqI- c- n\u00aev Npcp\u00b0- a- mbn AhX- c- n\u220f- n\u00b0- pI- s- b\u2202- Xv hfsc {iaIcamb HcpZyaambncp\u2202p. AXn\u00ac ]q\u00bfWambn hnPbn\u00aep F\u2202v ChnsS AhImis\u220fSp\u2202n\u221a. F\u2202m\u00ac, apIfn\u00ac kqNn\u220fn\u00ae {]Y-a-ZrjvSym Ip\u2030Icamb kw`hhnImk\u00df\u0192\u00b0ptijw \\\\S\u2202 c\u2260v At\\\\zjW I\u2126oj\\\\pIfpsSbpw {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\ s\u00d8, ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nba\u00d8nse in\u00a3m\\\\S ]Sn{Ia\u00d8ns\u201a ]\u203am\u00d8e\u00d8n\u00ac hnebncp\u00d8phm\u2265 _\u2018s\u220f\u00b4h\u00bf\u00b0v Cu teJ\\\\w Aev]sa\u00b6nepw D]Icn\u00aem\u00ac Rm\u2265 IrXm\u00bf\u221e\\\\mbn. D\u00d8chm ZnXzap\u2248 tae[y\u00a3\u2265 F\u00a5mbncp\u2202p sNt\u00f8\u2260n bncp\u2202Xv, F\u00a5mWv sNbvXXv XpS\u00dfnb Imcy\u00df\u0192 Cu teJ\\\\\u00d8ns\u201a ]\u203am\u00d8e\u00d8n\u00ac hniIe\\\\w sN\u00f8phm\u2265 {]kvXpX Ip\u2030IrXy\u00df\u0192 aqew hnjaw A\\\\p`hn\u00b0p\u2202h\u00bf\u00b0v km[n\u00b0psa\u2202v {]Xymin\u00b0p \u2202p. Ip\u2030Icamb A\\\\m\u00ffhgnbp\u2248 Ip\u2030\u00dffmWv ]et\u220fmgpw sshZnIcpw sshZnItae\u2264y-\u00a3-\u2211mcpw IqSpXembn sN\u00f8p\u2202sX\u2202ptXm\u2202p\u2202p. Hcp k\\\\ym ksshZnIs\u201a {]hmNIZuXyw A\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 Ahkc\u00dffn\u00ac \\\\mYm\u2265 {]hmNIs\\\\t\u220fmse B a\\\\pjy\u2265 \\\\o Xs\u2202bmsW\u2202v ]dbpIbmWv F\u2202 D\u00d8a t_m\u2264yhp-ap-\u2260v. F\u2202m\u00ac \\\"Rm\\\\mcmWv hn[n\u00b0m\u2265' F\u2202 {^m\u2265knkv ]m\u220fmbpsS tNmZy \u00d8n\\\\v ap\u00ban\u00ac hn. butk-\u220fns\u201a \\\\ni\u2013XbmWv IcWobw F\u2202 tXm\u2202en\u00ac Bscbpw t]scSp\u00d8v ]dbmsX, Bscbpw Ip\u2030s\u220fSp\u00d8msX Cu teJ\\\\w ChnsS Ahkm\\\\n\u220fn\u00b0pIbmWv. F\u2202m\u00ac A[nImcnI\u0192 sNt\u00f8\u2260 Imcy\u00df\u0192 th\u2260ka b\u00d8v th\u2260Xpt]mse, A\\\\m\u00ffIqSmsX sNbvXns\u221a\u00b6n\u00ac, k`mKm-{X-amWv thZ\\\\ A\\\\p` hn\u00b0p\u2202Xv, k`bmWv inYneoIcn\u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202Xv F\u2202p\u2248 thZ\\\\ Hcp hn\u00dfembn Ahtijn\u00b0p Ibpw sN\u00f8p\u2202p. Cu teJ\\\\w FgpXn\u00d8ocp\u2202Xv 2023 am\u00bf\u00aev Ccp]Xmw XobXn sshIpt\u2202camWv. aqgn\u00b0pfw CShIbnse \\\\nbahncp\u2264amb hnaXcpsS kac\u00b0p\u00bf_m\\\\bpsS hoUntbm Zriy\u00df\u0192 I\u2260pIgn\u2122p. \\\"\\\"Ch\u00bf sN\u00f8p\u2202sXs\u00a5\u2202v Ch\u00bf Adnbp\u2202n\u221a; ChtcmSv \u00a3an\u00b0Wta, I\u00bf\u00d8mth'' F\u2202v {]m\u00bf\u221en\u00b0Wsa\u2202p\u2260v. F\u2202m\u00ac km[n\u00b0p \u2202n\u221a. ImcWw, Ch\u00bf sN\u00f8p\u2202sXs\u00a5\u2202v Ch\u00bf Adnbp\u2202p. Chsc kvt]m\u00a8k\u00bf sN\u00f8p\u2202 k`m hncp\u2264i\u2021nI\u0192\u00b0v Ct\u220fm\u0192 kt\u00a5mjn\u00b0mw. AIse ae_mdn\u00ac, thZ\\\\n\u00b0p\u2202, ]mhs\u220f\u00b4 I\u00bfjI\u00bf\u00b0mbn c\u2260nSb\u2211m\u00bf {]hmNIZuXyw \\\\n\u00bfhln\u00b0p\u2202Xpt]mse, X\u00dffpsS BSpI\u0192\u00b0mbn knwlK\u00bf\u00f7\\\\apb\u00bf\u00d8pt\u00bam\u0192, ChnsS, B\u00bf\u00b0pw th\u2260n H\u2202pw sN\u00f8m\\\\n\u221am\u00d8, AYhm Adnbm\u00d8, \\\\qtdmfw ]\u00b4\u00b0m\u00bf A\\\\pkcWt\u00b0Sv \\\\mSIw BSn\u00d8I\u00bf\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192, \\\"\\\"kmhq\u0192, kmhq\u0192'' F\u2202p\u2248 I\u00bf\u00d8mhns\u201a hnfn (cf. Acts 9:14) AhcpsS I\u00bf\u00c6]pS\u00dffn\u00ac A[nIw XmaknbmsXsb\u00d8p sa\u2202v \\\\ap\u00b0v {]Xymin\u00b0mw. 120","FdWmIpfw-\u02dbA\u00b6amen AXncq]Xbnse `qan hnhmZhpw kn\u2122\u00d8qc A\u220fkvtXmen\u00b0bpsS A\u00a5nahn[nbpw: Hcp AhtemI\\\\w tUm. sPbnwkv amXyp ]m\u00bamd kn.-Fw.-sF BapJw 2023 P\\\\phcn 31\u02dbmw XobXn It\u00d8men\u00b0m Xncp k`bpsS ]ctam\u2202X tImSXnbmb \\\"kn\u2122\u00d8qc A\u220fkvtXmen\u00b0' ]pds\u220fSphn\u00ae, FdWmIpfw\u02dbA \u00b6amen AXncq]Xbnse c\u2260v hkvXphII\u0192 hn\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202Xv kw_\u2018amb A\u00a5nahn[n (Prot. N. 55722\/21 CA: hn. s]cpamb\\\\pw Iq\u00b4cpw vs.]uckvXyXncp\u00a0wLw) 2023 am\u00bf\u00aev 14\u02dbmw Xob Xnbnse hn[n-\u220f-I\u00bft\u220fm-Sp-IqSn, C\u00a5ybnse h\u00d8n \u00b0m\u2265 \u00ffm\\\\]Xn, 2023 G{]n\u00ac 3\u02dbmw XobXn {]kvXpX cq]XbpsS A\u220fkvtXmenIv AUvan\\\\n kvt{S\u2030dmb B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv B\u2265{Uqkv Xmg\u00d8v ]nXmhn\\\\v Ab\u00aepsImSp\u00d8Xns\u201a ]I\u00bf\u220fv hmbn\u00ae t\u220fm\u0192, XXvkw_\u2018nbmbn \\\\ham[ya\u00dffn\u00ac {]Ncn\u00aepsIm\u2260ncn\u00b0p\u2202 sX\u2030n\u2264mcWmP\\\\I amb ]e Zpjv{]NcW\u00df\u0192\u00b0pw hymJym\\\\\u00df\u0192 \u00b0pw ]Icw, kXymt\\\\zjnI\u0192\u00b0v icnbmb Adnhv \\\\\u00acIp\u2202 Hcp teJ\\\\\u00d8ns\u201a BhiyIXsb\u220f\u2030n bp\u2248 Aht_m[amWv Cu teJ\\\\\u00d8ns\u201a ]\u203am \u00d8ew. h\u00d8n\u00b0m\\\\nse tImSXnIfn\u00ac ]ctam\u2202 Xamb kn\u2122-\u00d8q-c-bn\u00ac h\u00d8n-\u00b0m-\\\\nse Imcym eb\u00df\u0192 FSp\u00b0p\u2202 Xocpam\\\\\u00df\u0192, \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i\u00df\u0192 XpS\u00dfn am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f t\\\\cn\u00b4v CSs]Sm\u00d8, F\u2202m\u00ac am\u00bf\u220fm\u220fbpsS A[nImc\u00d8m\u00ac `cn\u00b0p\u2202 Imcym eb\u00dffpsS Xocpam\\\\\u00dffpw Xo\u00bf\u220fpI\u00ac\u220fn\u00b0 epIfpw \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i\u00dffpamWv tNmZyw sN\u00f8m\\\\mhpI. \\\"kn\u2122\u00d8qc A\u220fkvtXmen\u00b0'bv\u00b0v kz\u00a5amb \\\\nbahyh\u00ffbpw `cWLS\\\\bpw am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f Xs\u2202 hnfw_cw sNbvXv \\\\S\u220fn\u00ac hcp\u00d8nbn\u00b4p\u2248 X\\\\pkcn\u00aemWv {]kvXpX tImSXn {]h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0p \u2202Xv. h\u00d8n\u00b0m\u2265 Imcymeb\u00dffpsS Xocpam\\\\\u00df \u0192s\u00b0Xncmb A\u220fo-ep-I\u0192 IqSmsX, k`mtImSXn Ifnse \\\\ymbm[n]\u2211m\u00bfs\u00b0Xncmb tIkpIfpw kn\u2122-\u00d8qc A\u220fkvtXmen\u00b0 ]cnKWn\u00b0pw. 1) kn\u2122\u00d8qc A\u220fkvtXmen\u00b0bpsS \u00ffm]\\\\hpw {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\hpw 1908 Pq\u00a8 29\u02dbmw XobXn ]\u00d8mw ]obqkv am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f \\\"k\u220fn-tb\u2265\u00a5n sIm\u00a8koentbm' (Sapienti Consilio) F\u2202 Xncpshgp\u00d8v (Apostolic Constitution) hgnbmWv \\\"At\u220fmkvtXmenI H\u220fv' F\u2202\u00bf\u221ew hcp\u2202 \\\"kn\u2122\u00d8qc A\u220fkvtXmen \u00b0' \u00ffm]n\u00b0p\u2202Xv. Cu ]ctam\u2202X tImSXnbp sS {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\\u00dfsf \\\\nb{\u00a5n\u00b0p\u2202Xv 2008 Pq\u00a8 21\u02dbmw XobXn _\\\\-UnIv\u2030v ]Xn\\\\mdma\u2265 am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f ]pd\u00d8nd\u00b0nb {]tXyI \\\\nbaw (Lex Propria) BWv. am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f \\\\nban\u00b0p\u2202 Hcp I\u00bf\u00b1n\\\\m\u0192 {]o^\u0152pw am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f Xs\u2202 \\\\nban\u00b0p\u2202 Hcp Iq\u00b4w I\u00bf\u00b1n\\\\m\u0192amcpw sa{Xm\u2265 ]Zhnsb\u00b6nepap\u2248 Hcp sk{I\u00b4dnbpw \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3I\u2265 (Promotor of Justice) XpS\u00dfnb hyXykvX ]ZhnI\u0192 Ae\u00b6 cn\u00b0p\u2202hcpamb Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nbahnZKv[cpw AS\u00dfn bXmWv Cu ]ctam\u2202X tImSXn. ]ctam\u2202X tImSXnbn\u00ac B\u00bf\u00b0pw A\u220fo\u00ac AYhm ]cmXn ^b\u00ac sN\u00f8msa\u00b6nepw Cu tImSXnbn\u00ac tIkv hmZn\u00b0phm\u2265 I\u00a3nI\u0192\u00b0v t\\\\cn\u00b4v km[ya\u221a. ]Icw, Cu tImSXnbn\u00ac tIkv hmZn\u00b0phm\u2265 AwKoImcw In\u00b4nbn\u00b4p\u2248 Hcp h\u00b0o\u00ac (Procurator-Advocate) hgn am{Xta, tImSXn ]cmXn Gs\u2030Sp\u00d8v Ign\u2122tijw, I\u00a3nI\u0192\u00b0v tIkv apt\u2202m\u00b4p sIm\u2260pt]mIphm-\\\\m-Iq. h\u00d8n\u00b0m\\\\nse Xs\u2202 \\\"\\\"tdm\u00b4 sdm-am\\\\m'' F\u2202 D\u2202XtImSXnbnse A`n`mjIcpw AXpt]mseXs\u2202 Hmtcm h\u00d8n\u00b0m\u2265 Imcymeb\u00d8ns\u201a A`n`mjI\\\\pw CXpt]mseXs\u2202 kn\u2122\u00d8qcbn\u00ac tIkv hmZn\u00b0phm\u2265 A\\\\phmZap\u2248hcmWv. AXn\\\\m\u00ac \u00d8s\u2202, GsX\u00b6nepsamcp h\u00d8n\u00b0m\u2265 Imcymeb \u00d8ns\u201a Fs\u00a5\u00b6nepsamcp Xocpam\\\\\u00d8nt\\\\m, \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i\u00d8nt\\\\m, Xo\u00bf\u220fm\u00b0ent\\\\m FXncmbn A\u220fo\u00ac ^b\u00ac sNbvXn\u00b4p\u2248 I\u00a3n, Xs\u201a tIkv hmZn\u00b0phm\\\\mbn Hcp h\u00b0oens\\\\ NpaXes\u220fSp t\u00d8\u2260XpamWv. XpS\u00bf\u2202p\u2248 Imcy\u00df\u0192 I\u00a3nI \u0192 tImSXnsb Adnbnt\u00b0\u2260Xpw tImSXn I\u00a3n Isf Adnbn\u00b0p\u2202Xpw Cu A`n`mjI\u00bfhgn am{Xambncn\u00b0pw. 2. kn\u2122\u00d8qcbpsS hn[n: Hcp {]mYanI AhtemI\\\\w kn\u2122\u00d8qcbpsS hn[n aq\u2202p t]Pv ssZ\u00bf Lyap\u2248Xpw B hn[n 2023 P\\\\phcn 31\u02dbmw XobXn \\\\\u00acIs\u220f\u00b4XpamWv F\u2202v hn[n\\\\ymb\u00d8ns\u201a Ahkm\\\\w hy\u2021ambn tcJs\u220fSp\u00d8nbn\u00b4p\u2260v. hn[n- 121","\\\\ym-b-\u00d8n\u00ac H\u220fn\u00b4ncn\u00b0p\u2202Xv ]ctam\u2202X tImSXnbpsS {]os^IvSv Bb I\u00bf\u00b1n-\\\\m\u0192 sUman \\\\n\u00b0v amws_\u00bf\u00d8nbpw sk{I\u00b4dn A\u2265s{Ubmkv do] sa{Xm\\\\pamWv. hn[nbpsS ]I\u00bf\u220fv t\\\\m\u00b4dn km\u00a3ys\u220fSp\u00d8nbncn\u00b0p\u2202Xv 2023 am\u00bf\u00aev 14\u02dbmw XobXnbmWv. AtX XobXnbnep\u2248 kn\u2122-\u00d8qc A\u220fkvtXmen\u00b0bpsS sk{I\u00b4dnbpsS am\u00bf B\u2265{Uqkv Xmg\u00d8p ]nXmhns\\\\ A`nkwt_m [\\\\ sNbvXpsIm\u2260p\u2248 I\u00d8pw hn[nbpsS ]I\u00bf\u220fnt\\\\msSm\u220fw ImWp\u2202Xn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw hn[n\u00b0v tijw GItZiw Bdv BgvNI\u0192\u00b0v tijw am{XamWv hn[n-bpsS ]I\u00bf\u220fv ]c-tam-\u2202X tImSXnbn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw C\u00a5ybnte\u00b0v Ab\u00b0 s\u220f\u00b4n\u00b4p\u2248q F\u2202v hy\u2021w. F\u2202m\u00ac, Cu tIknse I\u00a3nIfpsS A`n`mjI\u00bf\u00b0v hn[nbpsS ]I\u00bf\u220fv t\\\\cs\u00d8 Xs\u2202 In\u00b4nbncn\u00b0mw. {]kvXpX tIkv FdWmIpfw\u02dbA\u00b6amen AXncq]Xmkw_\u2018nbmbXmsW\u2202pw tIknse I\u00a3nI\u0192 _lpam\\\\s\u220f\u00b4 hn. s]cp-am-b\\\\pw Iq\u00b4 cpw Hcp hi\u00d8pw adp-h-i\u00d8v ]uckvXy Imcym-e- bp-am-sW\u2202v hn[n-\\\\ym-b-\u00d8ns\u201a Xe-s\u00b0-\u00b4n\u00ac\\\\n-\u2202p-X-s\u2202- hy-\u2021-am-Wv. as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122m \u00ac Cu tIkn\u00ac taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv am\u00bf Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhv Hcp I\u00a3ntb Bbncp\u2202n\u221a F\u2202v kmcw. tIkv ]uckvXyXncp\u00a0wL\u00d8ns\u201a 2021 Pq\u00a8 21\u02dbmw XobXn FSp\u00d8 Hcp Xocp am\\\\t\u00d8mSpw AXnt\\\\mSv _\u2018s\u220f\u00b4 \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i \u00dftfmSpw AXnt\\\\mSv _\u2018s\u220f\u00b4v \\\\\u00acIs\u220f\u00b4 \\\\nba\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202p\u2248 hnSpX\u00ac (dispensation) kw_\u2018nbpamWv F\u2202pw hn[n-\\\\ym-b-\u00d8ns\u201a BZyhmNI\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202p Xs\u2202 hy\u2021amWv. {]kvXpX hn[nbpsS ]I\u00bf\u220fv h\u00d8n\u00b0m\u2265 ]c tam\u2202X tImSXnbn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw Xmg\u00d8p ]nXmhn\\\\v Ab\u00aeXv U\u00aclnbnse h\u00d8n\u00b0m\u2265 \u00ffm\\\\]Xn bpsS Hm^okneqsSbmbncp\u2202p. F\u2202mWv \\\\yqU \u00aclnbnse h\u00d8n\u00b0m\u2265 Imcymeb\u00d8n\u00ac Cu hn[nbpsS ]I\u00bf\u220fv F\u00d8nt\u00ae\u00bf\u2202Xv F\u2202Xv hy\u2021 a\u221a. hy\u2021amb Imcyw 2023 G{]n\u00ac aq\u2202mw XobXn, h\u00d8n\u00b0m\u2265 \u00ffm\\\\]Xn B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv setbm- t\u220fm\u0192tZm Pnsd\u221an {]kvXpX I\u00d8pw hn[nbpw Xs\u201a It\u00d8mSpIqSn (covering letter: N. 0186\/21\/IN) Xmg\u00d8p ]nXmhn\\\\v Ab\u00aep F\u2202Xm W.v Cu I\u00d8pw hn[nbpsS ]I\u00bf\u220fpamWv 2023 G{]n\u00ac 16\u02dbmw XobXn tIcf\u00d8nse am[ya\u00dffn \u00ac N\u00bf\u00aebv\u00b0v hnjbo`hn\u00aeXpw XpS\u00bf\u2202p\u2248 Znhk \u00dffn\u00ac hniIe\\\\\u00df\u0192\u00b0pw hna\u00bfi\\\\\u00df\u0192\u00b0pw h{IoIcW\u00df\u0192\u00b0pw hnt[bambn s\u00b0m\u2260ncn\u00b0p \u2202Xpw. C{Xbpw hniZambn hn[nbpsS XobXnbpw hn[n\u220fI\u00bf\u220fns\u201a XobXnbpw At\u220fmkvtXmenIv \\\\yq\u00a8tjym B\u2265{Uqkv Xmg\u00d8v ]nXmhn\\\\v I\u00d8b\u00ae XobXnbpw hy\u2021am\u00b0n {]Xn]mZn\u00aeXv GsXmcp ]ctam\u2202X tImSXnbnepw hcp\u2202 Ime Xmakw am{Xta Cu hn[nbpw At\u220fmkvtXmenIv AUvan\\\\nkvt{S\u2030\u00bf Xmg\u00d8p]nXmhns\u201a ssIIfn se\u00d8phm\u2265 FSp\u00d8p\u2248q F\u2202v kqNn\u220fn\u00b0p hm\\\\mWv. Cu ImeXmak\u00d8n\u00ac t]mepw Zpcq lX ImWphm\u2265 {ian\u00b0p\u2202h\u00bf k`mkw hn[m\\\\\u00dffpsS {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\coXnsb\u220f\u2030nbp\u2248 AhcpsS A\u2044X shfnhm\u00b0p\u2202Xmbn am{Xw IcpXnbm\u00ac aXnbmIpw. \\\"\\\"kn\u2122\u00d8qc At\u220fmkvtXmen\u00b0''bpsS hn[n Ahkm\\\\n\u00b0p\u2202Xv ]uckvXyXncp\u00a0wLw Fd WmIpfw\u02dbA\u00b6amen AXncq]XbpsS `qanhnhmZ kw_\u2018nbmbn Is\u2260\u00d8nb hkvXpXIsfbpw Xo\u00bf\u220fpI\u00ac\u220fn\u00aev \\\\\u00acInb \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i\u00dfsfbpw AwKoIcn\u00aepsIm\u2260pw {]kvXpX tIkv ]Tn\u00ae Xn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw ]uckvXyImcymebw 2021 sk]v\u2030w _\u00bf 24\u02dbmw XobXn ]pds\u220fSphn\u00ae Un{Inbnse Xocpam\\\\\u00df\u0192 \\\\ne\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202psh\u2202pw Ahbn\u00ac Fs\u00a5\u00b6nepw am\u2030w hcpt\u00d8\u2260Xn\u221amsb\u2202pw {]Jym]n\u00aepsIm\u2260pamWv (The Supreme Tribunal of Signature Apostolica has decreed that in what have been decided, there is nothing more to be proposed: translation by author). as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122m\u00ac s]cp-am-b-\\\\\u00ae\\\\pw Iq\u00b4cpw sImSp\u00d8 A\u220fo\u00ac kn\u2122\u00d8qc A\u220fkvtXmen\u00b0 ]q\u00bf\u00c6 ambpw X\u2248n\u00b0f\u2122ncn\u00b0p\u2202p. AXpt]mse Xs\u2202 ]uc-kvXy-Xn-cp-\u00a0w-L-\u00d8n-s\u201a, FdWmIpfw \u02dbA\u00b6amen AXncq]Xbnse `qanhnhmZw kw_\u2018n\u00ae, Xocpam\\\\\u00df\u0192 \\\\ymbhpw bp\u2021hpw \\\\ne\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202Xpambn XpScp\u2202p. AXpkw _\u2018nbmbn It\u00d8men\u00b0mXncp\u00a0`bnse Hcp \\\\oXn]oT\u00d8n\\\\pap\u00bamsIbpw bmsXmcp A[n ImcnbpsSbpw ap\u00bamsIbpw bmsXmcp tIkpw ]cmXnbpw \\\\nehnen\u221a F\u2202v hy\u2021w. 3. ]uckvXyXncp\u00a0wL\u00d8ns\u201a `qanhnhmZ kw_\u2018nbmb Xocpam\\\\\u00dffpw \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i\u00dffpw ]uckvXyXncp\u00a0wL\u00d8nte\u00b0v, FdWmIp fw\u02dbA\u00b6amen AXncq]XbpsS `qan hn\u2030n\u00b4v Xcmsa\u2202v ]d\u2122 XpI In\u00b4msX h\u2202t\u220fm\u0192 am\u00bf Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhv t\\\\cn\u00b4v CSs]\u00b4v CS]mSp ImcpsS ssIbn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw In\u00b4m\u00d8 ]W\u00d8n\\\\v ]Icambn tIm\u00b4\u220fSnbn\u00ac 25 G\u00b0\u00bf \u00ffehpw tZhnIpf\u00d8v 17 G\u00b0\u00bf \u00ffehpw CuSmbn hm\u00dfn bXns\\\\\u220f\u2030n, ]e ]cmXnIfpw F\u00d8nbt\u220fm\u0192 B ]cmXnIsf\u221amw ]cntim[n\u00aev F\u221am tcJIfpw I\u2126oj\u2265 dnt\u220fm\u00bf\u00b4pIfpw ]Tn\u00aen\u00b4v ]uckvXy Imcymebw F\u00d8nb Is\u2260\u00d8epIfpw Xocpam \\\\\u00dffpw \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i\u00dffpw Npcp\u00b0ambn Xmsg\u220fdbp\u2202hbmWv: 1) \u00ffehnev]\\\\bn\u00ac \\\\\u201ew h\u2202Xmbn ImW s\u220fSp\u2202p\u2260v. F\u2202m\u00ac, CuSp`qan hn\u2030m\u00ac \\\\\u201ew \\\\nI\u00d8mhp\u2202tXbp\u2248q; 2) tIm\u00b4\u220fSnbnsebpw tZhnIpfs\u00d8bpw `qan Cu Sp`qanbmWv. A\u221amsX AhnsS `qan hmt\u00df \u2260 bmsXmcmhiyhpw FdWmIpfw\u02dbA\u00b6 amen AXncq]bv\u00b0n\u221a. AXncq]X hkvXp hm\u00dfn hn\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202 Hcp I\u00aehS\u00b0\u00ba\\\\n A\u221at\u221am. 122","3) `qan hn\u00ac\u220f\\\\bn\u00ac I\u00bf\u00b1n\\\\m\u0192 am\u00bf tPm\u00bfPv Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhv hy\u2021n]cambn Ip\u2030hm fnb\u221a. hy\u2021n]cambn km\u00ba\u00d8nI t\\\\\u00b4w D\u2260m\u00b0nbn\u00b4n\u221a. hy\u2021n]cambn cq]Xbv\u00b0v \\\\\u201ehpw hcp\u00d8nbn\u00b4n\u221a. cq]Xbv\u00b0v D\u2260mb Xmbn {]YaZr\u201eym ImWp\u2202 \\\\\u201ew shdpw km\u00b6\u00ac\u220fnIamWv (notional). AXv CuSp`qan hn\u2030m\u00ac Xocmhp\u2202tXbp\u2248q. AXn\\\\m\u00ac, tIm\u00b4\u220fSnbnsebpw tZhnIpfs\u00d8bpw CuSp`qan hn\u2030v \\\\\u201ew \\\\nI\u00d8pI. 4) taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv kz\u00a5ambn FSp\u00d8 Xocpam\\\\ambncp\u2202n\u221a, FdWmIpfs\u00d8 {] kvXpX `qan hn\u00ac\u00b0pIsb\u2202Xv. AXv F\u221am ss\\\\bmanI kanXnIfnepw N\u00bf\u00aesNbvXv FSp \u00d8 Iq\u00b4p\u00d8chmZnXz\u00d8ns\u201a Hcp Xocpam\\\\am bncp\u2202p. AXn\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202, AXn\u00ac Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhns\\\\ Ip\u2030\u00b0mc\\\\mbn Nn{XoIcn\u00b0p\u2202Xpw H\u2030Xncn\u2122m{Ian\u00b0p\u2202Xpw Ip\u2030amWv; in\u00a3m \u00bfla- mW- v. 5) \u00ffew hn\u2030XpsIm\u2260p\u2260mb \\\\\u201ew \\\\nI\u00d8m\u2265 Xncn\u00aeShv (restitution) \\\\St\u00d8\u2260Xv Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmh\u221a, {]Xyp-X, c\u2260v CuSp\u00ffe\u00dffpw hn\u2030psIm\u2260v AXncq]XbpsS `cWw \\\\S\u00d8n s\u00b0m\u2260ncn\u00b0p\u2202 B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv B\u201aWn Icnbn\u00ac ]nXmhv BWv. 6) s]\u00bfa\\\\\u201a v kn\\\\Uv \\\\n\u203abn\u00ae hnebn\u00ac Xmgm \u00d8 hnebv\u00b0mbncn\u00b0Ww c\u2260v \u00ffe\u00dffpw hn\u00act\u00b0\u2260Xv. s]\u00bfa\\\\- \u201a v kn\\\\Uv Nq\u2260n\u00b0m Wn\u00ae hy\u2021nI\u0192 \u00ffew hn\u00ac\u220f\\\\bnse \\\\\u201ew \\\\nI\u00d8n AXncq]Xbv\u00b0v em`w hcp\u2202 hn[\u00d8n\u00ac B \u00ffe\u00df\u0192 hm\u00dfphm\u2265 k\u2126 Xw ImWn\u00aen\u00b4p\u2248Xn\\\\m\u00ac Ah\u00bf\u00b0v hn\u00ac\u00b0mhp\u2202XmWv. 7) AXncq]Xm [\\\\Imcy kanXnbpsSbpw AXncq ]XbpsS Btem-N-\\\\m-k-anXnbpsSbpw AwKo Imcw \u00ffehnev]\\\\bv\u00b0v BhiyamsW\u2202p\u2248 ]uckvXyImt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnX (CCEO) bnse 1036\u02dbmw Imt\\\\mbpsS H\u2202mw \\\\\u00badn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw Cu \u00ffe\u00b0\u00aehSw \\\\S\u00d8p\u2202Xn\\\\v Unkvs]\u2265 tkj\u2265 \\\\\u00acInbncn\u00b0p\u2202p. 2021 Pq\u00a8 21\u02dbmw XobXnbnse s]mXp\\\\nba\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202p\u2248 Cu Hgnhp \\\\\u00acI\u00ac, ]uckvXyXncp\u00a0wLw Xs\u2202 2021 sk]v\u2030w_\u00bf 24\u02dbmw XobXnbnse X\u00dffp sS Un{Inhgn ]n\u2265hen\u00b0pIbpw a\u2030v Xocpam \\\\\u00dfsf\u221amw AXn\u00ac Bh\u00bf\u00d8n\u00aepd\u220fn\u00b0pI bpamWp\u2260mbXv. apIfn\u00ac sImSp\u00d8ncn\u00b0p\u2202 ]uckvXy Xncp \u00a0wL\u00d8ns\u201a Is\u2260\u00d8epIfpw Xocpam\\\\\u00dffpw \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i\u00dffpw \\\\ne\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202psh\u2202pw Ahbn\u00ac am\u2030w hcpt\u00d8\u2260 Bhiyans\u221a\u2202pamWv 2023 P\\\\phcn 31\u02dbmw XobXn kn\u2122-\u00d8qc A\u220f-kvtXm-en\u00b0m hn[n\u00aeXv. as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122m\u00ac kotdm ae_m\u00bf k`bpsS taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv Bb I\u00bf\u00b1n\\\\m\u0192 am\u00bf tPm\u00bfPv Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhv FdWmIpfw\u02dbA\u00b6amen `qanhn\u00ac\u220f\\\\ hnhmZ \u00d8n\u00ac \\\\nc]cm[nbmsW\u2202pw At\u00b1lw hy\u2021n]c ambn bmsXmcp Xncn\u00aeShpw (restitution) \\\\S\u00d8p hm\u2265 ISs\u220f\u00b4n\u00b4n\u221amsb\u2202pw Is\u2260\u00d8nb ]uc kvXyXncp\u00a0wL\u00d8ns\u201a Xocpam\\\\s\u00d8 It\u00d8men\u00b0mXncpk`bpsS ]ctam\u2202X tImSXn Bb kn\u2122\u00d8qc At\u220fmkvtXmen\u00b0m 2023 P\\\\phcn 31\u02dbmw XobXnbnse hn[nbneqsS ]q\u00bf\u00c6 ambpw icnh\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202p. AtXmsS, ]uckvXy Xncp\u00a0wL\u00d8ns\u201a as\u2030mcp \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1iwIqSn IqSpX\u00ac {it\u2264bambncn\u00b0pIbpw IqSnbmWv. AXmbXv Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhv hy\u2021n]cambn Xncn\u00aeShv \\\\S\u00d8Wsa\u2202v h\u00d8n\u00b0ms\u201a hn[nbp\u2260v F\u2202v A]hmZ{]NcWw \\\\S\u00d8p\u2202h\u00bf\u00b0v sX\u2030v Xncp\u00d8n bns\u221a\u00b6n\u00ac in\u00a3bp\u2260mIpsa\u2202v ap\u2202dnbn\u220fv sIm Sp\u00b0Wsa\u2202pw AXn\\\\ptijhpw Ip{]NmcWw XpS\u00bf\u2202m\u00ac, A\\\\ptbmPyamb Imt\\\\m\\\\nI in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnI\u0192 kzoIcn\u00b0Wsa\u2202pap\u2248 \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1iw. AXpt]mseXs\u2202, F\u221am sshZnIcpw, A\ufb02m-b-cpw, G\u2030hpw {]tXyIambn AXncq]X ss\\\\bmanI kanXnbnse AwK\u00dffpw ]cky{]kvXmh\\\\Ifpw hnaX {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\\u00dffpw Hgnhm\u00b0Wsa\u2202pw AXn\\\\v X\u00f8mdmIm\u00d8hsc ap\u2202dnbn\u220fn\\\\ptijw in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnI\u0192\u00b0v hnt[bcm\u00b0Wsa\u2202pw ]uckvXyXncp\u00a0w L\u00d8ns\u201a 2021 se apIfn\u00ac ]cma\u00bfin\u00ae Un{InI fn\u00ac hy\u2021am\u00b0nbncn\u00b0p\u2202Xv kn\u2122-\u00d8qc A\u220f-kvtXm-en\u00b0 Cu tIkv Xo\u00bf\u220fm\u00b0nbXneqsS ]q\u00bf \u00c6m\u00bf\u221e\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\S\u220fnemt\u00b0\u2260 D\u2202Xm[nImcn bpsS I\u00ac\u220f\\\\bmbn amdnbncn\u00b0pIbmWv. 4) kn\u2122\u00d8qc A\u220f-kvtXm-en-\u00b0-bnse tIkns\u201a \\\\m\u0192hgnbpw hn[nbnse {]k\u2021`mK\u00dffpw \\\"kn\u2122\u00d8q-c'bpsS 2023 P\\\\phcn 31\u02dbmw Xob Xnbnse aq\u2202v t]Pp\u2248 e\u00d8o\u2265 `mjbnep\u2248 hn[n hmbn\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 a\\\\\u00a0nemIp\u2202 tIkns\u201a \\\\m\u0192hgn C\u00dfs\\\\bmWv: 2021 Pq\u00a8 21\u02dbmw XobXn ]uckvXy Xncp\u00a0w Lw FdWmIpfw\u02dbA\u00b6amen \u00ffehnev]\\\\ \\\\S\u00d8nbXpambn {]kvXpX Imcymeb\u00d8n\u00ac h\u2202 ]cmXnIfn\u00ac A\u00a5naambn Xo\u00bf\u220fm\u00b0n Cd\u00b0nb Un{Ins\u00b0XnscbmWv h\u00bfKokv s]cpamb\u2265 A\u00ae\\\\pw Iq\u00b4cpw kn\u2122\u00d8qc A\u220fkvtXmen\u00b0 bn\u00ac A\u220foepambn 2021 HmKkv\u2030v 19\u02dbmw XobXn F\u00d8p\u2202Xv. AXn\\\\pap\u00bambn 2021 Pqsse 1\u02dbmw XobXn Xs\u2202 Ah\u00bf ]uckvXyXncp\u00a0wLw sImSp\u00d8 Unkvs]\u2265tkj\u2265 d\u00b1v sN\u00f8Wsa\u2202m hiys\u220f\u00b4v {]kvXpX Xncp\u00a0wLs\u00d8bpw kao]n\u00aencp\u2202psh\u2202v kn\u2122\u00d8qcbpsS hn[nbn\u00ac kqNn\u220fn\u00aen\u00b4p\u2260v. ]uckvXyXncp\u00a0wLw, {]kvXp X At]\u00a3 ]cnKWn\u00aev 2021 sk]v\u2030w_\u00bf 24\u02dbmw XobXn X\u00df\u0192 sImSp\u00d8 Unkvs]\u2265tkj\u2265 d\u00b1v sNbvXpsIm\u2260pw a\u2030v Xocpam\\\\\u00df\u0192 Bh\u00bf\u00d8n \u00aepsIm\u2260pw ]pXnb Un{In Cd\u00b0p\u2202p. kn\u2122\u00d8q cbnse s]cpamb\u2265 A\u00aes\u201abpw Iq\u00b4cpsSbpw ]cmXnbn\u00ac Bhiys\u220f\u00b4 Imcyw ]uckvXyXncp\u00a0- wLw Xs\u2202 kzta[bm sNbvXXn\\\\m\u00ac, {] kvXpX ]cmXn Xo\u00bf\u220fm\u00b0nbXmbn 123","2021 \\\\hw_\u00bf 22\u02dbmw XobXn kn\u2122-\u00d8q-c-bpsS sk{I\u00b4dn D\u00d8chnSp\u2202p. F\u2202m\u00ac ]cmXn\u00b0m\u00bf 2022 P\\\\phcn 18\u02dbmw XobXn, 2021 Pq\u00a8 21\u02dbmw XobXnbnse D\u00d8chn\u00ac ]d\u2122n\u00b4p\u2248Xpw 2021 sk]v\u2030w_\u00bf 24\u02dbmw XobXn d\u00b1v sN\u00f8m\u00d8Xpamb Imcy\u00df\u0192 d\u00b1v sN\u00f8Wsa\u2202mhiys\u220f\u00b4psIm\u2260v ho\u2260pw ]uckvXy Imcymebs\u00d8 kao]n\u00b0p\u2202p. ]uckvXy Imcymeb\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw adp]Snsbm \u2202pw e`n\u00b0m\u00d8Xn\\\\m\u00ac, ]cmXn\u00b0m\u00bf 2022 sabv 30\u02dbmw XobXn ]uckvXy Imcymeb\u00d8n\\\\v 1518\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ D\u2264cn\u00aepsIm\u2260v ho\u2260pw I\u00d8bbv\u00b0p \u2202p. AXn\\\\pw adp]Sn e`n\u00b0mXncp\u2202Xn\\\\m\u00ac 2022 Pqsse 14\u02dbmw XobXn ho\u2260pw kn\u2122\u00d8qc A\u220fkvtXmen\u00b0bn\u00ac 2021 Pq\u00a8 21\u02dbmw XobXn bnse ]uckvXyXncp\u00a0wL\u00d8ns\u201a Xocpam\\\\\u00d8n s\\\\Xnsc ]cmXn ^b\u00ac sN\u00f8p\u2202p. 2022 \\\\hw_\u00bf 11\u02dbmw XobXn, ]cmXn\u00b0m\u00bf, tIkns\u201a \\\\nP\u00ffnXn Bcm\u2122psIm\u2260v ho\u2260pw ]ctam\u2202X \\\\oXn ]oT\u00d8n\\\\v FgpXp\u2202p. C{XbpamWv Cu tIkns\u201a {][m\\\\ \\\\m\u0192hgn. F\u00a5psIm\u2260mWv ]cmXn\u00b0mcpsS At]\u00a3 (recourse) X\u2248p\u2202Xv F\u2202v kn\u2122\u00d8qc A\u220f kvtXmen\u00b0, X\u00dffpsS hn[nbn\u00ac hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202 Xnse {]k\u2021`mK\u00df\u0192 ChbmWv: 1) ]cmXn\u00b0m\u00bf 2021 HmKkv\u2030v 19\u02dbmw XobXn kn\u2122\u00d8qc At\u220fmkvtXmen\u00b0sb kao]n\u00ae t\u220fm\u0192 2021 Pq\u00a8 21\u02dbmw XobXnbnse Un{Inbnse Unkvs]\u2265tkj\u2265 kw_\u2018ambn am{Xta ]cmXn ]d\u2122p\u2248q. B Un{In-bnse a\u2030v bmsXmcp Xocpam\\\\\u00d8n\\\\psaXnsc ]cmXnbp\u2248Xmbn Adnbn\u00aen\u221a. B ]cmXn, 2021 sk]v\u2030w_\u00bf 24\u02dbmw XobXnbnse ]uckvXyXncp\u00a0wL\u00d8ns\u201a kzbtabp\u2248 Unkvs]\u2265tkj\u2265 d\u00b1m\u00b0\u00ac \\\\S]Sn bneqsS ]cnlcn\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4Xpw XXvkw_\u2018nbmbn kn\u2122\u00d8qc A\u220f-kvtXm-en\u00b0 2021 \\\\hw_\u00bf 22\u02dbmw XobXn Xs\u2202 Xo\u00bf\u220fm\u00b0nbXpw {]kvXpX Un{In 2021 \\\\hw_\u00bf 24\u02dbmw XobXn Xs\u2202 ]cmXn\u00b0mcpsS A`n`mjIs\\\\ G\u00ac\u220fn\u00aeXpambncp\u2202p. {]kvXpX Xo\u00bf\u220fm\u00b0ens\\\\Xncmbn\u00b4v ]cmXn\u00b0mtcm AhcpsS A`n`mjIt\\\\m kn\u2122\u00d8qc A\u220fkvtXmen\u00b0 sb 10 Znhk\u00d8n\\\\Iw kao]n\u00b0Wambncp\u2202p tIkv XpS\u00bf\u2202v apt\u2202m\u00b4v sIm\u2260pt]mIphm\u2265. F\u2202m\u00ac, 10 Znhk\u00d8n\\\\Itam hn[n {]kvXmhn \u00b0p\u2202 2023 P\\\\phcn 31\u02dbmw XobXn hsctbm A\u00dfs\\\\sbmcp Imcyw ]cmXn\u00b0mtcm AhcpsS A`n`mjIt\\\\m sNbvXn\u00b4n\u221a F\u2202v tImSXnhn[n hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202p. \\\\nbam\\\\pkcWw, kn\u2122\u00d8qc bpsS 2021 \\\\hw_\u00bf 22\u02dbmw XobXn Xo\u00bf\u220fm\u00b0nb hn[ns\u00b0Xnsc, A\\\\phZn\u00ae kab]cn[nbn\u00ac ]cmXn ^b\u00ac sN\u00f8m\u00d8XpsIm\u2260pXs\u2202, B hnjb\u00d8n\u00ac ]n\u2202oSv ss\\\\bm-an-I-ambn A\u220fo\u00ac ^b\u00ac sN\u00f8phm\\\\mhn\u221a; Xo\u00bf\u220fm\u00b0nb tIkv ho\u2260pw Xpd\u2202p tI\u0192\u00b0phm\\\\pamhn\u221a. 2) ]cmXn\u00b0m\u00bf 2022 Pqsse 14\u02dbmw XobXn ho \u2260pw kn\u2122\u00d8qc A\u220fkvtXmen\u00b0sb kao]n \u00aet\u220fm\u0192 2021 sk]v\u2030w_\u00bf 24 se ]uckvXy Im cymeb\u00d8ns\u201a Xocpam\\\\\u00d8ns\\\\Xncmbn bmsXmcp ]cmXnbpw D\u2202bn\u00aen\u221a. 3) ]cmXn\u00b0m\u00bf 2022 Pqsse 14\u02dbmw XobXn ka\u00bf\u220fn\u00ae ]cmXnbnepw 2021 Pq\u00a8 21\u02dbmw Xob Xnbnse ]uckvXy Imcymeb\u00d8ns\u201a Xocpam\\\\ \u00df\u0192s\u00b0Xnscbp\u2248 X\u00dffpsS ]cmXn\u00b0v bmsXmcp ImcWhpw ]cmXnbn\u00ac kqNn\u220fn\u00aen\u00b4n\u221a. as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122m\u00ac, 2022 Pqsse 14\u02dbmw XobXn ]cmXn\u00b0m\u00bf \\\\\u00acInb ]cmXnbn\u00ac, ]uckvXyXncp\u00a0wL\u00d8ns\u201a 2021 Pq\u00a8 21\u02dbmw XobXnbnse \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i\u00dfsf\u221amw d\u00b1v sN\u00f8Wsa\u2202v Bhiys\u220f\u00b4n\u00b4ps\u2260\u00b6nepw F\u00a5psIm\u2260v AXv d\u00b1v sN\u00f8Wsa\u2202v AXns\u201a ImcW\u00df\u0192 H\u2202pwXs\u2202 kqNn\u220fn\u00aen\u00b4n\u221a. Npcp\u00b0n\u220fd\u2122m\u00ac, FdWmIp fw\u02dbA\u00b6amen `qan hn\u00ac\u220f\\\\ hnhmZhpambn _\u2018 s\u220f\u00b4 Imcy\u00dfsf\u221amw ]uckvXy Imcymebw 2021 Pq\u00a8 21\u02dbmw XobXn X\u00dffpsS hniZamb Hcp D\u00d8 chneqsS Xo\u00bf\u220fm\u00b0pIbp\u2260mbn. AX\\\\pkcn\u00aev Imt\\\\m\\\\nI kanXnIfpsS AwKoImcan\u221amsX Xs\u2202 CuSpIn\u00b4nb \u00ffew hn\u00ac\u00b0msa\u2202p\u2248 Unkvs]\u2265tkj\u2265 \\\\\u00acInbXv AtX Imcymebw Xs\u2202 2021 sk]v\u2030w_\u00bf 24 se D\u00d8chneqsS d\u00b1m \u00b0n. 2021 Pq\u00a8 21 se Un{Inbnse Unkvs]\u2265 tkj\u2265 d\u00b1v sN\u00f8Wsa\u2202mhiys\u220f\u00b4psIm\u2260v ]cmXn\u00b0m\u00bf 2021 HmKkv\u2030v 19\u02dbmw XobXn kn\u2122 \u00d8qcbn\u00ac ka\u00bf\u220fn\u00ae ]cmXn AXn\\\\m\u00ac Xs\u2202 2021 \\\\hw_\u00bf 22\u02dbmw XobXn kn\u2122-\u00d8qc Xocpam \\\\am\u00b0pIbpw B hn[n 2021 \\\\hw_\u00bf 24\u02dbmw Xob XnXs\u2202 ]cmXn\u00b0mcpsS A`n`mjIs\\\\ Adnbn \u00b0pIbpw sNbvXXmWv. AXns\\\\Xnsc ]cmXn \u00b0mtcm AhcpsS A`n`mjIt\\\\m 10 Znhk\u00d8n \\\\p\u2248n\u00ac A\u220fo\u00ac ]ctam\u2202X tImSXnbpsS \\\"\\\"tIm\u00a8{Kt\u00a0m'' (Congresso) bv\u00b0v ka\u00bf\u220fn\u00b0mXn cp\u2202t\u220fm\u0192\u00d8s\u2202 B tIkv A\u00a5naambn Xo\u00bf \u220fmbXmWv. F\u2202n\u00b4pw ho\u2260pw 2022 Pqsse 14\u02dbmw XobXn ]cmXn\u00b0m\u00bf kn\u2122\u00d8q-csb ]pXnb ]cmXnbpambn kao]n\u00b0p\u2202p. Xo\u00bf\u220fm\u00b0nb AtX Un{Ins\u00b0Xnsc: AXmbXv ]uckvXy Imcym eb\u00d8ns\u201a 2021 Pq\u00a8 21\u02dbmw XobXnbnse \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1 i\u00df\u0192s\u00b0Xnsc. F\u2202m\u00ac, B ]cmXnbn\u00ac F\u00a5psIm\u2260v B \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i\u00df\u0192 d\u00b1v sN\u00f8Wsa\u2202v hmZn\u00aen\u00b4n\u221a. AXn\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 ]uckvXy Imcymeb\u00d8ns\u201a Cu hnjbkw_\u2018nbmb Xocpam\\\\\u00df\u0192 \\\\ne\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0pw. Ahbv\u00b0v am\u2030w hcpt\u00d8\u2260Xn\u221a F\u2202XmWv Cu A\u00a5nahn-[n. kn\u2122\u00d8qcbpsS Cu hn[ns\u00b0Xnsc as\u2030mcp A\u220foen\\\\v Ahkcan\u221amsb\u2202v kqNn\u220fn\u00b0phm\\\\m Wv, ]uckvXy XncpkwL\u00d8ns\u201a `mhnbnse D\u00d8chpI\u0192s\u00b0Xnsc ]cmXn\u00b0m\u00bf\u00b0v C\\\\nbpw kn\u2122\u00d8q-csb kao]n\u00b0msa\u2202v hn[nbn\u00ac hy\u2021am\u00b0nbncn\u00b0p\u2202Xv. as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122m\u00ac 2021 Pq\u00a8 21 se ]uckvXy Xncp \u00a0wL\u00d8ns\u201a Xocpam\\\\\u00df\u0192s\u00b0Xnsctbm 2021 sk]v\u2030w_\u00bf 24\u02dbmw XobXnbnse 124","]uckvXy Xncp\u00a0wL\u00d8ns\u201a D\u00d8chns\\\\Xnsctbm C\\\\n bm sXmcphn[ A\u220foen\\\\pw h\u00d8n\u00b0ms\u201a ]ctam\u2202X \\\\oXn]oT\u00d8n\u00ac \u00ffm\\\\an\u221a F\u2202\u00bf\u221ew. Fd WmIpfw\u02dbA\u00b6amen AXncq]XbpsS `qan hn\u00ac\u220f\\\\ hnhmZ\u00d8n\u00ac ]uckvXy Xncp\u00a0wLw hniZamb I\u00ac\u220f\\\\ 2021 sk]v\u2030w_\u00bf 24\u02dbmw XobXn Cd\u00b0nbXv F{Xbpw s]s\u00b4\u2202v \\\\S\u220fnem\u00b0p hm\\\\p\u2248 D\u00d8chmZnXzamWv CtXmSpIqSn A\u220f kvtXmenIv AUvan\\\\nkvt{S\u2030dn\u00ac \\\\n\u00a3n]vXambncn \u00b0p\u2202sX\u2202v kmcw. AXmbXv \\\"\\\"hyhlmcw \\\\S\u2202p sIm\u2260ncn\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 ]pXpXmbn H\u2202pw \\\\S\u220fn em\u00b0cpXv'' (Lite pendente nihil innovetur) F\u2202 1194- \u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\bnse A\u00a9mw \\\\\u00badn\u00ac sImSp \u00d8ncn\u00b0p\u2202 XXzw C\\\\n {]m_ey\u00d8nen\u221am \u00d8Xn\\\\m\u00ac, F{Xbpw thKw \u00ffew hn\u00ac\u220f\\\\ \\\\S\u00d8p\u2202Xn\\\\mbp\u2248 Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba\u00d8n\u00ac A\\\\pimkn\u00b0p\u2202 \\\\S]Sn{Ia\u00df\u0192 Xmg\u00d8v ]nXmhn\\\\v Bcw`n\u00b0mw. 5. FdWmIpfw\u02dbA\u00b6amen AXncq]Xbpw C\u2265Iw SmIvkv ]ngbpw FdWmIpfw\u02dbA\u00b6amen AXncq]Xbnse \u00ffe\u00b0\u00aehShpambn _\u2018s\u220f\u00b4v hnaXt\\\\Xm\u00b0\u0192 Btcm]n\u00b0pIbpw AWnI\u0192 Bh\u00bf\u00d8n\u00aepsIm \u2260ncn\u00b0pIbpw sN\u00f8p\u2202 Hcp ImcyamWv \u00ffe \u00b0\u00aehS\u00d8n\u00ac Bdv tImSn cq] AXncq]X ]ng bS\u00aep F\u2202Xv. A\u00dfs\\\\ ]ngbS\u00aepsh\u00b6n\u00ac I\u00bf\u00b1n \\\\m\u0192 Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhv Ip\u2030\u00b0mc\\\\msW\u2202 XmWv k`mhncp\u2264cpsS Btcm]Ww. CtX\u00b0pdn\u00aev At\\\\zjn\u00aet\u220fm\u0192 a\\\\\u00a0nemb Imcy\u00df\u0192 ChbmWv: 5.1 \u00ffe\u00b0\u00aehS\u00d8ns\u201at]cn\u00ac am\u00bf tPm\u00bf\u00f7v Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhns\\\\ Ip\u2030\u00b0mc\\\\m\u00b0m\u2265 hnaX hn`mKw sshZnIcpw AhcpsS in\u00b6nSnIfpw Bkq {XnXambn \\\\S\u00d8nb Hcp ]\u2264XnbpsS ]cnWnX ^eamWv C\u2265Iw SmIvkv hn`mKw AXncq]Xbv\u00b0v ]ng-bn-Sp-hm\u2265 ImcW`qXambn\u00d8o\u00bf\u2202Xv. \u00ffew hn\u00ac\u220f\\\\bn\u00ac, AXncq]X GP\u201apambmWv hne \\\\n\u203abn\u00aeXv. GP\u201a v Xs\u201a CjvS-a-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev AXn cq]XbpsS \u00ffe\u00df\u0192 hm\u00dfnbhcpsS t]cnse gpXpIbpw sNbvXp. Nne \u00ffe\u00df\u0192\u00b0v k\u00bf\u00b0m\u00bf \\\\n\u203abn\u00ae \\\\ymbhnebnepw IpdhmbmWv B[mc\u00d8n\u00ac ImWn\u00aesX\u2202mtcm]n\u00aev hnaX\u00bf {]iv\\\\w C\u2265Iw SmIvkv hn`mK\u00d8ns\u201a {i\u2264bn \u00acs\u220fSp\u00d8n. AXpt]mse, \u00ffew hn\u00ac\u220f\\\\ \\\\S\u00d8n b AXncq]X Nmcn\u2030_n\u0192 \u00ffm]\\\\amsW\u00b6nepw \\\\S\u00d8nb \u00ffe\u00b0\u00aehSw dnb\u00ac Fkvt\u2030\u2030v _n kn\\\\kv BsW\u2202 Btcm]Ww C\u2265Iw SmIvkn\u00ac D\u2202bn\u00aeXv hna-X-cm-Wv. AXns\u201a sXfnhmbn A\u2202s\u00d8 klmbsa{Xm\u2265 sk_mkv\u2030y\u2265 CS-b-{\u00a5\u00d8v ]nXmhv 2017 am\u00bf\u00aev 8 \\\\v Iqcnbmbnse sshZnI\u00bf\u00b0v FgpXnb C\u02dbsabnemWv ka\u00bf\u220fn\u00ae sX\u2202v Adnbp\u2202p. tIm\u00b4\u220fSnbn\u00ac Fgp-]Xv G\u00b0\u00bf \u00ffew hm\u00dfn ]n\u2202oSXv adn\u00aephn\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202 ImcyamWv B C-\u02db-sa-bn-ens\u201a D\u2248S\u00b0sa\u2202mWv Adnhv. F\u2202m\u00ac A\u00dfs\\\\sbmcp \u00ffeanS]mSv Hcn\u00b0epw \\\\S\u2202n\u00b4n\u221a. F\u00b6nepw _m\u00b6nse ISw ho\u00b4p\u2202Xn\\\\mbn AXncq]XbpsS \u00ffewhn\u2030 \\\\S]Sn \\\"dnb\u00ac Fkvt\u2030\u2030v _nkn\\\\kv' Bbn Nn{Xo Icn\u00b0s\u220fSphm\u2265 {]kvXpX C\u02dbsabn\u00ac I\u00bf\u00b1n\\\\m\u0192 hncp\u2264\u00bf D]tbmKs\u220fSp\u00d8n. AXns\u201a ^eambn \\\\s\u221amcp XpI AXncq]Xbv\u00b0v SmIvkv ASbvt\u00b0 \u2260n h\u2202p. 5.2 c\u2260maXmbn, \u00ffew hn\u00ac\u220f\\\\bpambn _\u2018s\u220f\u00b4 IW\u00b0pIfpsS dnt\u00b4\u00a8 (ITR) ^b\u00ac sN\u00f8phm\u2265 AXncq]Xm Iq-cnb hcp\u00d8nb Ime Xmak\u00d8n\\\\v C\u2265Iw SmIvkv AXncq]XbpsS ta\u00ac Npa\u00d8nb ]ngbmWv. {]kvXpX ]ngs\u00b0 Xnsc A\u220fo-en\\\\v t]mIphm\u2265 km[yXbp\u2260mbn\u00b4pw AXn\\\\p t]mIphm\u2265 {ian\u00b0msX Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhns\\\\ Ip\u2030\u00b0mc\\\\mbn Nn{XoIcn\u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 AZayamb B{Kl\u00d8m\u00ac t{]cnX-cmb hna-X-cpsS N\u00b4pIamb Nne Iqcnbm AwK\u00df\u0192 XnSp\u00b0\u00d8n\u00ac aq\u2202v tImSntbmfw ]ngbS\u00aepsh\u2202Xv hkvXpX bmWv. GXmbmepw kaNn\u00d8X ssIshSnbm\u00d8, AXn-cq- ]-Xsb kvt\\\\ln\u00b0p\u2202 BcpsSsbms\u00b0 tbm t{]cWbm\u00ac, C\u2265Iw SmIvkv ]pXp\u00b0n \\\\\u00acInb ]ng ASbv\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\p]Icw XpS\u00bf\u2202v bmsXmcp ]ng-bp-a-S-bv\u00b0msX A\u220fo\u00ac sImSp\u00d8n \u00b4p\u2260v F\u2202mWv Adnhv. 5.3 AXncq]XmImcymeb\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v hnaX hn`mK\u00d8n\\\\v tcJI\u0192 tNm\u00bf\u00d8ns\u00b0mSp\u00d8pw AXncq]Xbv\u00b0v km\u00ba\u00d8nI\\\\\u201ew h\u2202mepw Ipg\u220fan\u221a Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhns\\\\ Ip\u2030\u00b0mc\\\\mbn Nn{XoIcn\u00aev A[nt\u00a3]n\u00aev Cd\u00b0nhnSWsa\u2202p\u2248 hna-X-cpsS {Inan\\\\\u00ac B{Kl\u00dffpw AXncq]Xm Imcymeb\u00d8nse AwK\u00dffn\u00ac NnecpsS clky hpw ]ckyhpamb ssIsbm-\u220fp-sa\u221amw CXnt\\\\m S\\\\p_-\u2018n-bmbn \\\\S\u00d8nb At\\\\zjW\u00dffn\u00ac ImWphm\u2265 Ign\u2122p. AXncq]Xm[y\u00a3\u2265 F\u2202 \\\\nebn\u00ac, Imt\\\\m\\\\nIkanXn hkvXp hn\u00ac\u220f\\\\ bv\u00b0mbn NpaXes\u220fSp\u00d8nb sshZnI\u2265 X\u00f8mdm \u00b0n H\u220fnSphm\\\\mbn sIm\u2260ph\u2202 B[mc\u00dffn\u00ac, hnizkn\u00aev H\u220fntS\u2260nh\u2202Xn\\\\m\u00ac, s]mXpXocp am\\\\{]Imcw \\\\S\u00d8nb \u00ffew hn\u00ac\u220f\\\\bn\u00ac H\u2030s\u220fSp\u00d8n Ip\u2030\u00b0mc\\\\mbn Nn{XoIcn\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4 Be- t\u00a9cn ]nXmhns\u201a t]cn\u00ac C\u2265Iw SmIvkv ]ngb- psS ]m]hpw hnaX- \u00bf Btcm]n\u00aepsIm\u2260n cn\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\v Ncn{Xw Ah\u00bf\u00b0v am\u220fv sImSp\u00b0p sa\u2202v tXm\u2202p\u2202n\u221a; AXn\\\\pt]m\u00ac_-eIamb AhcpsS hnIeamb \\\\oXnt_m[hpw Ahsc AXn\\\\mbn t{]cn\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202 k`mhncp-\u2264-cpsS km \u2202n[yhpw C\u2202s\u221a\u00b6n\u00ac \\\\msf s]mXpk aql\u00d8n\\\\p ap\u00ban\u00ac A\\\\mhcWw sN\u00f8s\u220fSp sa\u2202Xv Xo\u00bf\u00ae. D]kwlmcw ''Roma locuta, causa finita est''Fs\u2202mcp sNm\u221ap\u2260v e\u00d8o\u2265 `mjbn\u00ac. AXn\\\\\u00bf\u221ew \\\"\\\"tdmw 125","kwkmcn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202p, AXn\\\\m\u00ac tIkv Ahkm\\\\n \u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202p'' F\u2202XmWv. FdWmIpfw\u02dbA\u00b6amen `qan hnev]\\\\ hnhmZw It\u00d8men\u00b0mk`bpsS ]ctam\u2202X tImSXn Xo\u00bf\u220fm\u00b0n\u00b0gn\u2122p. 2021 Pq\u00a8 21\u02dbmw XobXnbnse ]uckvXyXncp\u00a0wL \u00d8ns\u201a X\u2019w-_-\u2018n-bmb D\u00d8chnep\u2260mbncp\u2202 Unkvs]\u2265tkj\u2265 d\u00b1v sNbvXtijw 2021 sk ]v\u2030w_\u00bf 24\u02dbmw XobXn Cd-\u00b0nb D\u00d8-chv \\\\ne- \\\\n\u00ac\u00b0pw. AXn\u00ac am\u2030\u00df\u0192 H\u2202pw hcpt\u00d8\u2260 Xmbn ImWp\u2202n\u221a F\u2202p\u2248 ]ctam\u2202X \\\\oXn ]oTamb kn\u2122\u00d8qc A\u220fkvtXmen\u00b0bpsS hn[n I\u00bf\u00b1n\\\\m\u0192 am\u00bf tPm\u00bfPv Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhv Ip\u2030w sNbvXn\u00b4n\u221a F\u2202p\u2248 ]uckvXyXncp \u00a0wL\u00d8ns\u201a hn[nbmWv Du\u00b4nbpd\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202Xv. Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhns\u201a t]cv hn[nbnsemcnS\u00d8pw ]cma\u00bfin\u00b0p\u2202n\u221a F\u2202Xv icnXs\u2202. F\u2202m\u00ac hn[n\u00b0v Dt]m\u00ac_eIamb ]cmXn ]uckvXy Xncp\u00a0wL\u00d8ns\u201a FdWmIpfw\u02dbA\u00b6amen `qan hn\u00ac\u220f\\\\ hnhmZhpambn _\u2018s\u220f\u00b4 Btcm]W \u00dffpw ]cmXnIfpw ]cnKWn\u00aepsIm\u2260v I\u00bf\u00b1n\\\\m fn\\\\v \u00a2o\u2265Nn\u2030v \\\\\u00acIns\u00b0m\u2260p\u2248 D\u00d8chmWv. B D\u00d8chv \\\\ne\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0psa\u2202v ]dbp\u2202Xv I\u00bf\u00b1n\\\\mfn s\\\\ Ip\u2030hnap\u2021\\\\mbn {]Jym]n\u00b0p\u2202Xv Xs\u2202bm Wv. tZhnIpfw\u02dbtIm\u00b4\u220fSn hkvXp\u00b0fpsS hnev]\\\\ sb\u220f\u2030n kn\u2122\u00d8qcbpsS hn[nbn\u00ac H\u2202pw ]dbp \u2202n\u221a F\u2202p\u2248XmWv as\u2030mcmtcm]Ww. F\u2202m\u00ac kn\u2122\u00d8qcbpsS hn[nbpsS BZy J\ufb01nIbn\u00ac Xs\u2202 \\\"c\u2260v `qkz\u00d8v hnev]\\\\ kw_\u2018nbmbn ]uckvXyXncp-\u00a0wLw 2021 Pq\u00a8 21\\\\v Cd\u00b0nb D\u00d8chv' F\u2202v hy\u2021ambn ]dbp\u2202p\u2260v. ss\\\\bm-an-I-ambn \\\"kn\u2122-\u00d8qc A\u220f-kvtXm-en\u00b0' I\u00bf\u00b1n-\\\\m\u0192 am\u00bf Be-t\u00a9cn ]nXm-hns\\\\ Ip\u2030hnap\u2021am\u00b0nbn\u221a F\u2202p thWsa\u00b6n\u00ac hmZn\u00b0mw. Ip\u2030hnap\u2021\\\\m\u00b0Wsa\u00b6n\u00ac BZyw Ip\u2030mtcm]Wap\u2260mIWw; AXns\\\\\u00d8pS\u00bf\u2202v Ip\u2030hnNmcWbp\u2260mIWw. kn\u2122\u00d8qc A\u220f-kvtXm- en-\u00b0-bn\u00ac Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhns\\\\Xnsc Hcp tIkv t]mepw \\\\nba\u00d8ns\u201a IrXym\u00bf\u221e\u00d8n\u00ac D\u2260mbncp\u2202n\u221a F\u2202XmWv hmkvXhw. ]cmXn \u00b0m\u00bf Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhns\\\\Xncmbn bmsXmcp Ip\u2030hpw Btcm]n\u00aeXmbn kn\u2122\u00d8q-c-bpsS hn[n bn\u00ac kqN\\\\bn\u221a. AhcpsS Bhiyw ]uckvXy Xncp-\u00a0w- L-\u00d8ns\u201a D\u00d8chv ]q\u00bf\u00c6ambpw d\u00b1v sN\u00f8Wsa\u2202v am{Xambncp\u2202psh\u2202pw F\u2202m\u00ac X\u00dffpsS Bhiy\u00d8n\\\\v ImcWambn bmsXmcp hmZ\u00dffpw AhcpsS ]cmXnbn\u00ac FgpXn tN\u00bf \u00d8ncp\u2202n\u221a F\u2202pamWv hn[n-\\\\ymbw hmbn \u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 a\\\\\u00a0nemIp\u2202Xv. Hcn\u00b0\u00ac kn\u2122 \u00d8qc A\u220fkvtXmen\u00b0 Xo\u00bf\u220fm\u00b0nb hnjb\u00d8n\u00ac bmsXmcp \\\\nbakm[yXIfpw Cs\u221a\u2202dn\u2122n\u00b4pw ho\u2260pw HcpXhW IqSn AtX hnjb\u00d8n\u00ac kn\u2122\u00d8qcA\u220fkvtXmen\u00b0sb ]cmXn\u00b0m\u00bf kao]n\u00aeXpw AXpw X\u00dffpsS Bhiys\u00d8 ka\u00bf\u221en\u00b0p\u2202 bmsXmcp hmZhpw apt\u2202m\u00b4ph bv\u00b0mXncp\u2202Xpw ]cmXn\u00b0msc \\\\nba hyh\u00ff Adnbmhp\u2202hcpsS ap\u00ban\u00ac ]cnlmk]m{Xam \u00b0phm\u2265 am{Xta D]Icn\u00aep\u2248q F\u2202XmWv hkvXpX. F\u2202m\u00ac, kXym\\\\\u00a5cImeL\u00b4\u00d8n\u00ac, X\u00dffpsS ]nWn-bm-fp-I-fpsS ap\u00ban\u00ac X\u00df\u0192 Fs\u00a5ms\u00b0tbm sNbvXpsIm\u2260ncn\u00b0p\u2202p F\u2202 tXm\u2202\u00ac P\\\\n\u220fn\u00b0phm\u2265 C\u00d8cw I]S\\\\S]Sn I\u0192 Hcp ]cn[nhsc D]Icn\u00aen\u00b4p\u2260mhmw. AXp t]mseXs\u2202, 2021 \u00ac \\\\St\u00b0\u2260nbncp\u2202 c\u2260v `qan hn\u00ac\u220f\\\\Ifpw c\u2260v h\u00bfjt\u00d8mfsa\u00b6nepw \\\\o\u00b4n s\u00b0m\u2260pt]mIphm\\\\pw AXphgn AXncq]XbpsS \\\\\u201ew Iptd\u00b0qSn h\u00bf\u2264n\u220fn\u00b0phm\\\\pw Ah\u00bf\u00b0v km[n-\u00aep. AXncq]XbpsS c\u00a3Icmbn kzbw Na \u2122nd\u00dfn\u00d8ncn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202 Cu ]cmXn\u00b0mcpsS Im]Syw B AXncq]Xm X-\\\\-b\u00bf hy\u2021ambn a\\\\\u00a0nem\u00b0p\u2202 kabw A[nIw hnZqc\u00d8ne\u221a F\u2202v {]Xymin\u00b0pI am{Xw IcWobw. 126","cq]XIfpsS \u00ffm]\\\\hpw hn`P\\\\hpw \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8em\u00b0epw ]uckvXyIm\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba\u00d8n\u00ac tUm. sPbnwkv amXyp ]m\u00bamd kn.F- w.s- F 1. BapJw 2020 Unkw_dn\u00ac bm{Xm ]\u00aant\u00b0j\u2265 kv ]pd\u00d8nd\u00b0nbXpw A[nIw {i\u2264n\u00b0 s\u220fSmsX t]mbXpamb Hcp {K\u0178amWv Cutimk` tIcf\u00d8n\u00ac 1542-\u02db2018. 1540 \u00ac Ct\u00b7jykv etbm-f-bm\u00ac \u00ffm]n\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4 B k\\\\ymkk`bnse anj\\\\dnam\u00bf hnip\u2264 {^m\u2265knkv tkhydns\u201a t\\\\XrXz\u00d8n\u00ac 1542 \u00ac Xs\u2202 C\u00a5ybn\u00ac F\u00d8nt\u00aecpIbp\u2260mbn. B k`mw-K-\u00df-fpsS C\u00a5ybnse t{]jnX {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\\u00d8ns\u201a Ncn{XmJym\\\\w aq\u2202v `mK\u00dffnembmWv {]kvXpX {K\u0178\u00d8n\u00ac AhXcn\u220fn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202Xv. AXn\u00ac H\u2202mw `mKw 1542 apX\u00ac Cutimk` \\\\ntcm [n\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4 1773 hscbp\u2248 Ncn{Xw hnhcn \u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192, c\u2260mw `mK\u00d8v 1773 Pqsse 21\u02dbmw XobXn s\u00a2a\u201a v ]Xn-\\\\m-em-a\u2265 am\u00bf]m\u220f Cutimk`sb \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8em\u00b0nbt\u220fm\u0192 apX\u00ac 1814 \u00ac {]kvXpX k\\\\ymkk`sb am\u00bf]m\u220f ]p\\\\x\u00ffm]n\u00b0p\u2202Xphscbp\u2248 ImeL\u00b4 s\u00d8\u220f\u2030nbpw aq\u2202mw `mK\u00d8v 1814 apXep\u2248 Ncn{XhpamWv hnhcn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202Xv. CXv hmbn\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 A\\\\phmNIcpsS a\\\\\u00a0n\u00ac BZyta hcp\u2202 tNmZyw, temI\u00d8nse G\u2030 hpw i\u2021amb k\\\\ymkk`bmb Cutim k`sb am\u00bf]m\u220fbv\u00b0v F\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8em \u00b0phm\u2265 (suppress) km[n\u00aep F\u2202Xmbncn \u00b0pw. It\u00d8men\u00b0m k`bnse GsXmcp cq] Xtbbpw hn`Pn\u00b0phmt\\\\m \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8em\u00b0p hmt\\\\m am\u00bf]m\u220fbv\u00b0v A[nImcap\u2248Xp t]mseXs\u2202, It\u00d8men\u00b0m k`bnse GsXmcp k\\\\ymkk`bpsSbpw `cWw A\u220fkvtXmenIv AUvan\\\\nkvt{S\u2030\u00bf hgn Gs\u2030Sp\u00b0phmt\\\\m, {]kvXpX k` Xs\u2202 \\\\n\u00bf \u00d8em\u00b0phmt\\\\m am\u00bf]m\u220fbv\u00b0v A[nImc ap\u2260v. It\u00d8men\u00b0m k`bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v GsXmcp AwK\u00d8n\\\\pw kzX{\u00a5Xocpam\\\\t\u00d8mSpIqSn ]pd\u00d8p t]mImhp\u2202XmWv. F\u2202m\u00ac, k`mw Kambn XpScp\u2202nSt\u00d8mfw Imew B k` bpsS \\\\nba\u00df\u0192 A\\\\pkcnt\u00ae aXnbmhq. Cutimk`sb \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8em\u00b0nb am\u00bf]m \u220fbpsS \\\\S]Snsb\u220f\u2030n ChnsS ]cma\u00bfin \u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 ImcWw, ASp\u00d8Ime\u00d8v kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS s]\u00bfas\\\\\u201a v kn\\\\Uv h\u00d8n\u00b0m\\\\nse ]uckvXy Imcym eb\u00d8ns\u201a {]os^IvSpambpw h\u00d8n\u00b0m\u2265 kvt\u2030\u2030v sk{I\u00b4dnbpambpw D\u2248 N\u00bf\u00aeI\u0192 \u00b0mbn \\\\S\u00d8nb tdmambm{Xbpw AXnt\\\\mS \\\\p_\u2018n\u00aep\u2248 Nne Dulmt]ml\u00dffpw {]NcW\u00dffpamWv. FdWmIpfw\u02dbA\u00b6amen AXncq]XbpsS hn`P\\\\kw_\u2018nbmb ]e hm\u00bf\u00d8Ifpw A\u00d8cpW\u00d8n\u00ac am[ya\u00df fn\u00ac \\\\nd\u2122mSpIbmbncp\u2202p. hmsf-Sp-\u00b0p-\u2202-h-sc\u221amw shfn\u00ae\u220fmSv F\u2202v ]dbp\u2202Xpt]m se, G\u2030hpw B[nImcnIambp\u2248 hnhc\u00df fmWv X\u00df\u0192\u00b0p\u2248sX\u2202 coXnbn\u00ac bqSyq _neqsSbp\u2248 hoUntbmIfpsS AXn{]kc \u00df\u0192 I\u2260t\u220fm\u0192, F\u00dfs\\\\bpw c\u2260v Imiv X\u00dffpsS hoUntbmI\u0192 hgn Xcs\u220fSp\u00d8p hm\\\\p\u2248 Nne AhkchmZnIfpsS Xzc am{X amWXv F\u2202 tXm\u2202emWp\u2260mbXv. Imc Ww, Ahbnsem\u2202n\u00act\u220fmepw cq]XIfpsS hn`P\\\\kw_\u2018nbmb It\u00d8men\u00b0m Xncp \u00a0`bnse \\\\nehnencn\u00b0p\u2202 \\\\nba\u00d8ns\u201a hniIe\\\\sam\u2202pw ImWphm\u2265 km[n\u00aen\u221a F\u2202XpXs\u2202. 1968 \u00ac kp{]kn\u2264 ssZhimkv{X\u2044 \\\\mb Im\u0192 dm\\\\\u00bf (Karl Rahner), kml k\u00d8ns\u201a ssZhimkv{Xw (The Theology of Risk) F\u2202 t]cn\u00ac Furrow F\u2202 sFdnjv ssZhimkv{X hm\u00bf\u00d8m]{XnIbn\u00ac (Irish Theological Journal) Hcp teJ\\\\w {]kn\u2264o Icn\u00b0pIbp\u2260mbn. B\\\\pImenI k`sb {K kn\u00aepsIm\u2260ncn\u00b0p\u2202 {]iv\\\\]cnlmc \u00d8n\\\\mbn [otcmNnXamb kmlk Xocp am\\\\\u00df\u0192 It\u00d8men\u00b0m Xncp\u00a0` FSp t\u00b0\u2260Xns\u201a BhiyIXsb\u220f\u2030nbmbncp\u2202p B teJ\\\\w. 1968, bqtdm\u220fnse k\u00bfhIem imeIfnse \\\\nba\\\\ncmk\u00d8ns\u201abpw ln\u220fn {]\u00ffm\\\\\u00d8ns\u201abpw ImeL\u00b4\u00d8ns\u201a XpS\u00b0 ambncp\u2202p F\u2202Xv C\u00d8cpW-\u00d8n\u00ac Hm\u00bft\u00b0-\u2260-Xm-Wv. bqWnthgvkn\u2030n hnZym\u00bf\u221enI\u0192 Iq\u00b4ambn, \\\\nehnencn\u00b0p\u2202 \\\\nbahy h\u00ffnXnIsf X\u2248n\u220fd\u2122psIm\u2260v, Acm PIhmZhpambn Cd\u00dfnbXns\u201a {]Xy \u00a3oIcWambncp\u2202t\u221am \\\"\\\"ln\u220fn'' kwkvIm cw. X\u00df\u0192 Bscbpw A\\\\pkcn\u00b0pI bns\u221a\u2202pw \\\\nehn\u00ac \\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202 kmaqlnI cm{\u201eob `cWkwhn[m\\\\\u00df\u0192\u00b0v X\u00df\u0192 ]p\u221aphnesb sImSp\u00b0pIbp\u2248q F\u2202pw Dss\u00ae-\u00ffcw {]Jym]n\u00b0pIbmbncp\u2202p A h\u00bf X\u00dffpsS hkv{X[mcW PohnX ssienIfneqsS sNbvXXv. ]m\u203amXy bqtdm ]y\u2265 kmwkvImcnI PohnXaqey\u00dfsf apgp h\u2265Xs\u2202 Iogvta\u00ac adn\u00b0phm\\\\pw hy\u2021n PohnX\u00d8nsebpw IpSpw_PohnX\u00d8n sebpw \\\\q\u2030m\u2260pIfmbn \\\\ne\\\\n\u2202ncp\u2202 hfscb[nIw \\\\\u221a aqey\u00dfsfbpw X\u00aepS 127","\u00b0p\u2202Xpambncp\u2202p P\u00bf\u2126\\\\nbnsebpw C\u2030enbnsebpw Iemeb\u00dffn\u00ac Bcw`n\u00aev ]m\u203amXy temIw apgph\u2265 ]S\u00bf\u2202 1968 se kmwkvImcnI hn\u03c0hw AYhm aqeyNypXn. Cu A]-{`wiw bphP\\\\\u00dffpsSbnSbn\u00ac Bfn\u00b0\u00d8p\u2202Xv I\u2260t\u220fmgmWv Im\u0192 dm\\\\\u00bf \\\"\\\"kmlk\u00d8ns\u201a ssZhimkv{X'' ho\u00a3W hpambn Cd\u00dfn\u00d8ncn\u00b0p\u2202Xv. kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bnse, {]tXyIn\u00aev FdWmIpfw\u02dbA\u00b6amen AXncq]Xbnse, {]ISamb \\\\nba \\\\ncmk {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\\u00dffpw A\\\\pkcWt\u00b0SpIfpw k\u00bfhkoaIsfbpw AXnewLn\u00aepsIm\u2260v apt\u2202dpIbpw A\\\\p kcWt\u00b0Sns\\\\ BZ\u00bfih\u00ac\u00b0cn\u00b0p\u2202, k`mhncp\u2264i\u2021nIfpsS N\u00b4pI\u00dffmb sshZnIcpw A\ufb02m-bcpw tKm\u0192U\u2265 hok t]mep\u2248 30 \\\\mWb\u00df\u0192 hm\u00dfn\u00b0q\u00b4n It\u00d8men\u00b0m Xncp\u00a0`bmIp\u2202 A\u2126sb H\u2030psImSp\u00b0p\u2202Xn\u00ac Du\u2030wsIm\u2248pIbpw sN\u00f8p\u2202 Cu ImeL\u00b4\u00d8n\u00ac, am\u00bf]m\u220ftbm, ]uckvXy Imcymebtam, kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf \u00ffnc kn\\\\tUm \\\"\\\"kmlk\u00d8ns\u201a ssZhim kv{X''\u00d8ns\u201a `mKambn, tIcfk`m\\\\uIsb tIcf\u00d8ns\u201a 1968 {]\u00ffm\\\\\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw c\u00a3n\u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 {ia\u00d8ns\u201a `mKambn, FdWmIpfw\u02dbA\u00b6amen AXncq]Xsb {Kkn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202 amcIamb A\u00bf_pZ\u00d8n \\\\p\u2248 NnIn\u2019bmbn Hcp \\\"Hm\u220ftdj\u2265' AY hm Iodnapdn\u00b0ens\\\\\u220f\u2030n Nn\u00a5n\u00b0pItbm, N\u00bf\u00aesN\u00f8pItbm sNbXv n\u00b4ps\u2260\u00b6n\u00ac AXn\u00ac A\u00a4pXan\u221a. Cu ]\u203am\u00d8e\u00d8nemWv Hcp cq]XbpsS \u00ffm]\\\\s\u00d8bpw hn`P\\\\ s\u00d8bpw ]\u2030n Im\\\\\u2265\\\\n-baw F\u00a5v \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1in \u00b0p\u2202p F\u2202 N\u00bf\u00ae hfsc {]k\u2021amIp\u2202Xv. 2. cq]XbpsS \u00ffm]\\\\hpw hn`P\\\\hpw \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8em\u00b0epw ]uckvXyIm\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba\u00d8n\u00ac ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\kwlnXbnse 85\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\bpsS H\u2202mw J\ufb01nI C\u00dfs\\\\ hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Kuchamb ImcWap\u2248t\u220fm\u0192 ]m{Xnbm\u00bf\u00b0\u00ac k`bnse sa{Xm\u2211mcpsS kn\\\\Uns\u201a k\u2126Xt\u00d8msS, ss\u00ablnIknw lmk\\\\hpambn BtemNn\u00aeXn\\\\ptijw, {]h iyIfpw cq]XIfpw \u00ffm]n\u00b0phm\\\\pw Ahbp sS AXn\u00bf\u00d8nI\u0192\u00b0v am\u2030w hcp\u00d8phm\\\\pw Ahsb GIoIcn\u00b0phm\\\\pw hn`Pn\u00b0phm\\\\pw \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8em\u00b0phm\\\\pw A[nImct{iWnbn\u00ac Ahbv\u00b0p\u2248 ]Zhn\u00b0v am\u2030w hcp\u00d8phm\\\\pw cq]Xm knwlmk\\\\w am\u2030n \u00ffm]n\u00b0phm\\\\pw ]m{Xnbm\u00bf\u00b0okn\\\\v Ignbpw.'' 152\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m \\\\b\\\\pkcn\u00aev, ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\kw lnXbn\u00ac ]m{Xnbm\u00bf\u00b0okns\\\\\u220f\u2030ntbm ]m{Xnbm\u00bf\u00b0\u00ac k`Isf\u220f\u2030ntbm ]d\u2122n cn\u00b0p\u2202 Imcy\u00dfsf\u221amw taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00b0nF\u220fn kvtIm\u220f\u00ac k`Isf kw_\u2018n\u00aepw taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fpamsc kw_\u2018n\u00aepw _m[I amIbm\u00ac, kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv Bb I\u00bf\u00b1n\\\\m\u0192 am\u00bf tPm\u00bfPv Bet\u00a9cn ]nXmhn\\\\v, kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS kn\\\\U- ns\u201a k\u2126Xt\u00d8mSpw ss\u00ablnI knwlmk\\\\\u00d8ns\u201a A`n{]mbw Bcm\u2122 tijhpw kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS kzbw`c WmhImiap\u2248 \u00ffe\u00dffn (proper territory) ep\u2248 cq]XIfpsS AXn\u00bf\u00d8nI\u0192\u00b0v am\u2030w hcp\u00d8phm\\\\pw Ahsb GIoIcn\u00b0phm\\\\pw hn`Pn\u00b0phm\\\\pw \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8em\u00b0phm\\\\pw A[nIm ct{iWnbn\u00ac Ahbv\u00b0p\u2248 ]Zhn\u00b0v am\u2030w hcp\u00d8phm\\\\pw cq]Xm knwlmk\\\\w am\u2030n \u00ffm]n\u00b0phm\\\\pw ss\\\\bmanIambn km[n\u00b0pw. e\u00d8o\u2265 k`bn\u00ac am\u00bf]m\u220fbn\u00ac am{Xw \\\\n\u00a3n ]vXambncn\u00b0p\u2202 Cu A[nImcw, ]uc kvXyk`IfpsS kzbw `cWm[nImc\u00d8ns\u201a (sui iuris) `mKambn ]m{Xnbm\u00bf\u00b0okpam\u00bf\u00b0pw taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fpam\u00bf\u00b0pw \\\\\u00acIs\u220f\u00b4n cn\u00b0p\u2202p. ]pXnb cq]XI\u0192 \u00ffm]n\u00b0pI XpS\u00dfn XXvkw_\u2018amb F\u221am A[nImc \u00dffpw c\u2260v \\\\n_\u2018\\\\I\u0192\u00b0v hnt[bambn F\u221am ]m{Xnbm\u00bf\u00b0okpam\u00bf\u00b0pw taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fpam\u00bf\u00b0pw \\\\\u00acIs\u220f\u00b4ncn\u00b0p\u2202Xv kotdm\u02db ae_m\u00bf k`bpsS taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fn\\\\pw Ds\u2260\u2202p\u2248Xv \\\\nkvX\u00bf\u00b0nXam Wt\u221am. 3. cq]XI\u0192 \u00ffm]n\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\pw hn`Pn\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\pw \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8em\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\pw Bhiyamb \\\\n_\u2018\\\\I\u0192 kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS ]nXmhpw Xeh\\\\pamb am\u00bf tPm\u00bfPv Bet\u00a9cn ]nXm hn\\\\v {]kvXpX k`bpsS AXn\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0p\u2248n\u00ac ]pXnb cq]X \u00ffm]n\u00b0p\u2202Xnt\\\\m, D\u2248 cq]XI\u0192 hn`Pn\u00b0p\u2202Xnt\\\\m, AXn\u00bf\u00d8nI \u0192\u00b0v am\u2030w hcp\u00d8p\u2202Xnt\\\\m ct\u2260 c\u2260v \\\\n_ \u2018\\\\I\u0192 am{Xta \\\\nbaw A\\\\pimkn \u00b0p\u2202p\u2248q. Ah: 1) kotdm ae_m\u00bf k`bpsS kn\\\\-Uns\u201a k\u2126Xw; 2) Cu hnjb\u00d8n\u00ac ss\u00ablnI knwlmk\\\\\u00d8ns\u201a BtemN\\\\ tNmZn\u00b0\u00ac. CCEO c. 934, \u00a71, 2\u00b0 {]Imcw \\\"\\\"Hcp ss\\\\bmanI {]hr\u00d8n sN\u00f8p\u2202Xn\\\\v A[nIm cn\u00b0v Hcp kwL\u00d8nse hy\u2021nIfpsS... BtemN\\\\bmWv Bhiys\u220f\u00b4ncn\u00b0p\u2202sX \u00b6n\u00ac, A[nImcn {]kvXpX hy\u2021nIfpambn BtemNn\u00b0p\u2202n\u221am\u00d8 kmlNcy\u00d8n\u00ac ss\\\\bm-an-I-{]-hr\u00d8n Akm[phmbncn\u00b0pw.'' ]uckvXyImt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnXbnse 934\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\b\\\\pkcn\u00aev, kn\\\\-Uns\u201a AwKoImcw sFIyIWvtT\\\\ D\u2248XmhWsa\u2202n\u221a. {]Xyp- X, kn\\\\-Un\u00ac kt\u2126fn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202 AwK\u00dffn\u00ac tIhe`qcn]\u00a3w (absolute majority) In\u00b4n bm\u00ac aXnbmIpw. tIhe`qcn]\u00a3sa\u2202v ]dbp\u2202Xv A\u00baXv iX-am-\\\\-\u00d8n\\\\v apIfnse \u2202mWv a\\\\\u00a0nemt\u00b0\u2260Xv. A\u221amsX 50%+1 F\u2202\u221a. Aev]wIqSn hniZam\u00b0phm\u2265 Hcp DZmlcWw IqSpX\u00ac D]Icn\u00b0pw. AXmbXv kn\\\\Un\u00ac ]s\u00b6Sp\u00d8h\u00bf 55 t]cmsW\u00b6n\u00ac AXnse tIhe`qcn]\u00a3sa\u2202v ]dbp\u2202Xv 28 BWv; A\u221amsX 50% Bb 27 tbmSv IqSn H\u2202v tN\u00bf\u00d8m\u00ac In\u00b4p\u2202 28 IW\u00b0v H\u220fn\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 In\u00b4p\u2202 29 A\u221a. 128","2023 G{]n\u00ac ]Xn\\\\mdmw XobXn {^m\u2265 knkv am\u00bf]m\u220f, Xs\u201a \\\"\\\"bmw {]osUw'' (Iam Pridem) F\u2202 \\\\nba]cnjvImc\u00d8neqsS ]uc kvXyImt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnXbnse 66, 102, 149, 183 F\u2202o Imt\\\\m-\\\\- I-fn\u00ac am\u2030w hcp\u00d8pIbp \u2260mbn. 2023 sabv 16\u02dbmw XobXn \\\\nehn\u00ac h\u2202 Cu \\\\nba]cnjvImc\u00d8neqsS ]uckvXy k`IfpsS sa{Xm\u2265 kn\\\\Un\u00ac Ce\u00a3\\\\n\u00ac D\u0192s\u220fsS thm\u00b4v sN\u00f8phm\u2265 dn\u00b4b\u00bfsNbvX sa{Xm\u2211mcn\u00ac 80 hb\u00a0v ]q\u00bf\u00d8nbmIm \u00d8h\u00bf\u00b0v am{Xta AhImiap\u2260mbncn\u00b0q F\u2202v Xncp\u00d8nbXpw ChnsS B\\\\pjmw KnIambn ]cma\u00bfin\u00b0p\u2202Xv D]Imc{]Zsa\u2202v tXm\u2202p\u2202p. GXmbmepw kotdm ae_m\u00bf k`bpsS \u00ffnc kn\\\\Uv AwK\u00df\u0192 F\u221amhcpwIqSn h\u00d8n\u00b0m\\\\n\u00ac ]uckvXy XncpkwL\u00d8ns\u201a {]os^IvSpw kvt\u2030\u2030v sk{I\u00b4dnbpambn Cu hnjbw N\u00bf\u00ae sNbvXn\u00b4ps\u2260\u00b6n\u00ac ss\u00ablnI knwlmk\\\\hpambn\u00b4p\u2248 BtemN\\\\ F\u2202 \\\\n_\u2018\\\\ ]q\u00bf\u00d8nbmbn\u00b4p\u2260mhmw. AYhm, 2023 BKkv\u2030v amk\u00d8nse kn\\\\-Un\\\\ptijw hniZmwi\u00df\u0192 Adnbn\u00b0Wsat\u2202m at\u2030m D\u2248 \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i\u00dffpw \\\\\u00acIs\u220f\u00b4n\u00b4p\u2260mImw. GXmbmepw \u00ffnc kn\\\\Uv AwK\u00df\u0192\u00b0v am\u00bf]m\u220fsb ImWphm\u2265 km[n\u00b0m\u00d8Xv Hcp henb ]cmPbambn hntijn\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202 hnaX\u00bf a\\\\\u00a0nem\u00b0phm\u2265 ]cmPbs\u220fSp\u2202 Imcyw ss\u00ablnI knwlmk\\\\hpambp\u2248 N\u00bf\u00aebv\u00b0v am\u00bf]m\u220fsb ImtW\u2260 Bhiyan\u221a F\u2202XmWv. ]uckvXyImt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnXbnse 48\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"\\\\nba \u00d8n\u00ac adn\u00aev \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1in\u00b0s\u220fSpItbm, kwK XnbpsS kz`mhw adn\u00aev \u00ffm]n\u00b0s\u220fSp-Itbm sN\u00f8p\u2202ns\u221a\u00b6n\u00ac Cu \\\\nbakwlnXbn\u00ac \\\"\\\"A\u220fkvtXmenI knwlmk\\\\w'', \\\"\\\"]cnip\u2264 knwlmk\\\\w'' F\u2202o t]cpIfn\u00ac tZymXn\u220fn \u00b0p\u2202Xv tdmam am\u00bf]m\u220fsb am{Xa\u221a, tdma\u2265 IqcnbmbpsS D]-Im-cym-e-b-\u00df-sfbpw (dicasteries) a\u2030v \u00ffm]\\\\\u00dfsfbpw IqSnbmWv.'' \\\\nbahyh\u00ffbn\u00ac Ft\u220fmgpw ]men\u00b0s\u220f tS\u2260 Hcp XXzamWv Principle of Subsidiarity F\u2202Xv. AXmbXv Xmgv\u2202 Xe\u00d8nep\u2248 Hcp A[nImcn\u00b0v sN\u00f8phm\u2265 \\\\nba]camb A[nImcap\u2248 Hcp Imcy\u00d8n\u00ac D\u2202Xm[nImcn CSs]SmXncn\u00b0pI F\u2202XmWv Cu XXz \u00d8ns\u201a ImX\u00ac. kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bn\u00ac taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fns\u201a A[nImc]cn[nbn \u00acs\u220f\u00b4 Imcy\u00dffmbn ]uckvXyImt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnXhgn It\u00d8men\u00b0m Xncp\u00a0`bpsS C ltemI\u00d8nse ]cam[nImcnbpw ]t{Xmkn s\u201a ]n\u2265Kmanbpamb am\u00bf]m\u220fmbm\u00ac I\u00ac\u220fn\u00aep \\\\\u00acInbn\u00b4p\u2248 A[nImc\u00dffmWv: 1) {]hniy Ifpw cq]XIfpw \u00ffm]n\u00b0pI; 2) AhbpsS AXn\u00bf\u00d8nI\u0192\u00b0v am\u2030w hcp\u00d8pI; 3) {]hn iyIsfbpw cq]XIsfbpw GIoIcn\u00b0pI; 4){]hniyIsfbpw cq]XIsfbpw hn`Pn\u00b0pI; 5) {]hniyIfpw cq]XIfpw \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8em\u00b0pI; 6)A[nImct{iWnbn\u00ac Ahbv\u00b0p\u2248 ]Zhn \u00b0v am\u2030w hcp\u00d8pI; 7) cq]Xmknwlm k\\\\w am\u2030n \u00ffm]n\u00b0pI F\u2202nh. Cu Imcy \u00dfsf\u221amw taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fn\\\\v sN\u00f8m\u2265 \\\\nbaw A\\\\phmZw \\\\\u00acIp\u2202Xn\\\\m\u00ac Ahbn semcp Imcy\u00d8n\\\\pw am\u00bf]m\u220f t\\\\cn\u00b4v CSs]\u00b4v Un{In ]pds\u220fSphnt\u00b0\u2260 Imcyan\u221aXm\\\\pw. 85-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bn\u00ac ImWp\u2202 c\u2260v \\\\n_\u2018\\\\Ifn\u00ac cq]Xm sshZnIsctbm, A\ufb02m-b-sctbm tI\u0192\u00b0Wsat\u2202m AhcpsS k\u2126Xw thWsat\u2202m, AhtcmSv BtemN\\\\ tNmZn\u00b0Wsat\u2202m ImWp\u2202n\u221a. 1896 \u00ac Xr\u00bbq\u00bf, tIm\u00b4bw hnImcnbm\u00d8pIfn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202v hn`Pn\u00aev FdWmIpfw hnImcnbm\u00d8v \u00ffm ]n\u00aet\u220fmtgm, 1923 \u00ac FdWmIpfw AXn cq]Xbmbn Db\u00bf\u00d8s\u220f\u00b4t\u220fmtgm, 1956 Pqsse 29\u02dbmw XobXn FdWmIpfw AXn-cq-]-Xsb hn`Pn\u00aev tImXawKew cq]X \u00ffm]n\u00ae t\u220fmtgm, 1993 P\\\\phcn 29\u02dbmw XobXn Fd-Wm-Ipfw AXn-cq-]-Xsb FdWmIpfw\u02dbA\u00b6amen F\u2202v am\u2030nbt\u220fmtgm Cu hn[\u00d8n\u00ac cq]Xm sshZnIsctbm, Aevambsctbm tI\u00b4n\u00b4n \u221amsb\u00b6n\u00ac C\\\\nbpw AXns\u201a Bhiyap s\u2260\u2202v tXm\u2202p\u2202n\u221a. kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k` C\u2202p\u2248 Hcp cq]XbpsSbpw \u00ffm]\\\\tam hn`P\\\\tam \\\\S-\u00d8n-bXv sshZnIcpsSbpw A\ufb02m-b-cp-sSbpw CSbn\u00ac \\\\S\u00d8nb A`n{]mb thms\u00b4Sp\u220fneqsS Bbncp\u2202n\u221at\u221am. \\\\nbahyh\u00ffbn\u00ac ]d\u2122n\u00b4p\u2248 Imcy\u00df\u0192 IrXyambn ]men\u00aep\u2248 GsXmcp ss\\\\bmanI {]hr\u00d8nbpw km[phpw \\\\nbam\\\\pkrXhpambn BWv ]cnjvIrXtemIw ]cnKWn\u00b0pI. A\u220fk- vtXme- nIv AUvan\\\\nkvt{S\u2030dns\u201a Imev sh\u00b4psa\u2202v `ojWns\u220fSp\u00d8nb A\ufb02mb {]apJ\u2265, kzbw am\u00bf]m\u220f Na\u2122psIm\u2260v, \\\\h am[ya\u00dffneqsS Bt{Imin\u00b0pIbpw Aedp Ibpw ap{I-bn-Sp-Ibpw sN\u00f8p\u2202X\u221at\u221am I t\u00d8men\u00b0m k`bpsS Xocpam\\\\\u00dffpw \\\\nba hyh\u00ffbpw. A\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a i\u2013tImemle\u00df\u0192 ImWpIbpw tI\u0192\u00b0p Ibpw sN\u00f8pt\u00bam\u0192 tjIvkv]nbdns\u201a hm\u00b0p IfmWv at\\\\mapIc\u00d8n\u00ac sXfn\u2122phcp\u2202Xv: ''full of sound and fury and signifying noth- ing.'' Iq\u00b4\u00d8n\u00ac klXm]w am{Xw: Pohn\u00b0m\\\\m bp\u2248 s]Sm\u220fmSn\u00ac Xs\u201a kvt]m\u00a8kdns\\\\ Xr]vXns\u220fSp\u00d8phm\\\\mbn F{Xsb{X thj \u00df\u0192! amemJbv\u00b0v Al\u00b6mcw IqSn \\\\n] Xn\u00aet\u220fm\u0192 eqkn^dmbXv ]ecpsSbpw a\\\\\u00a0n te\u00b0v IS\u2202phcp\u2202 IYIfn\u00ac H\u2202mhm\\\\pw hgnbp\u2260v. 85\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bn\u00ac ]d\u2122ncn\u00b0p\u2202 as\u2030m cp Imcyw \\\"\\\"Kuchamb ImcWap\u2248t\u220fm\u0192'' F\u2202p\u2248XmWv. \\\"For a serious reason'' (gravi de causa) F\u2202v ]d\u2122ncn\u00b0p\u2202 \\\"\\\"Kuchamb ImcWw'' ]uckvXyImt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnXbnepw e\u00d8o\u2265k`bpsS Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba\u00d8nepw ]e bnS\u00dffnepw ImWp\u2202p\u2260v. DZmlcW\u00d8n\\\\v ]uckvXyImt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnXbn\u00ac 490\u02dbmw Im t\\\\m\\\\bn\u00ac \\\\n\u00bf_\u2018nX 129","_ln\u00bfhmk Un{In bnd\u00b0phm\u2265 Kuchamb ImcWw thWsa\u2202v \\\\njvI\u00bfjn\u00b0p\u2202p\u2260v. 552\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\bn\u00ac \\\\nXy{hXw sNbvX Hcp k\\\\ymknsb AYhm k\\\\ymkn\\\\nsb AwKambncn\u00b0p\u2202 k\\\\ymk k`bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v Unkvan\u00a0v sN\u00f8p\u2202Xn\\\\p\u2248 ImcW\u00df\u0192 KuchXcambncn\u00b0Wsa\u2202v \\\\n jvI\u00bfjn\u00aen\u00b4p\u2260v. ChnsSsb\u221amw {]k\u2021amb tNmZyw, KuchXcamtWm ImcWsa\u2202v \\\\n\u203a bn\u00b0p\u2202XmcmWv; AXn\\\\p\u2248 am\\\\Z\ufb01\u00df\u0192 Fs\u00a5ms\u00b0bmWv F\u2202p\u2248hbmWv. AXns\u201a D\u00d8cw D\u00d8chmZn\u00d8s\u220f\u00b4 tae[nImcnbmWv C\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 Imcy\u00dffn\u00ac ImcWw Kuch ap\u2248XmtWm A\u221atbm F\u2202v Xocpam\\\\n \u00b0p\u2202Xv F\u2202XpXs\u2202. B A[nImcnbpsS hnthN\\\\m[nImcw D]tbmKn\u00aepsIm\u2260v Xocp am\\\\saSp\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 AXn\u00ac ]cmXnbp\u2248 h\u00bf\u00b0v 999\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\{]Imcw AtX A[n ImcntbmSpw AXn\\\\ptijw 1000-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ {]Imcw D\u2202Xm[nImcntbmSpw ]cmXns\u220fSpI am{Xta IcWobambn ]uckvXyIm\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba\u00d8n\u00ac hyh\u00ffbp\u2248q. AXn\\\\m\u00ac ss\u00ab lnI knwlmk\\\\t\u00d8mSv BtemNn\u00aetijw kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf kn\\\\-Uns\u201a AwKoImc t\u00d8mSpIqSn FdWmIpfw\u02dbA\u00b6amen cq]Xsb kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv hn`Pn\u00b0pItbm, \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8em\u00b0pItbm (suppress), A[nImct{iWnbn\u00ac B cq]X bv\u00b0p\u2248 ]Zhn\u00b0v am\u2030w hcp\u00d8pItbm, cq]Xm knwlmk\\\\w am\u2030n \u00ffm]n\u00b0pItbm sNbXv m\u00ac AXv \\\\nbam\\\\pkrXap\u2248 \\\\S]Sn am{Xam bncn\u00b0pw. AXn\\\\v FdWmIpfw\u02dbA\u00b6amen AXncq]Xbnse A\ufb02mbcpsStbm sshZnI cpsStbm k\\\\ykvXcpsStbm AwKoImctam, k\u2126Xtam Bhiyan\u221a F\u2202v hy\u2021w. {]YaZrjvSym-Xs\u2202, FdWmIpfw\u02db A\u00b6amen AXncq]Xsb _m[n\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202 A\u00bf_pZ tcmK\u00d8ns\u201a e\u00a3Wambn, B cq]Xbnse sshZnIcpsS \\\\nbahncp\u2264amb hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ A\u00bf\u220fWs\u00d8 ImWmhp\u2202 XmWv. {^m\u2265knkv am\u00bf]m\u220f c\u2260v XhW Is\u00d8gpXnbn\u00b4pw ]uckvXy Imcymebw ]e bmh\u00bf\u00d8n Bhiys\u220f\u00b4n\u00b4pw kntdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf kn\\\\Upw taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fpw I\u00ac\u220f\\\\ bn\u00b4n\u00b4pw A\\\\pkcn\u00b0m\u00d8h\u00bf sN\u00f8p\u2202Xv \\\\nbahncp\u2264Imcy\u00df\u0192 Xs\u2202bmWv. Prevention of Unlaw- ful Activities GsXmcp ]cnjvIrX kaql\u00d8ns\u201abpw D\u00d8chmZnXzamWv. C\u00a5y\u2265 {Inan\\\\\u00ac \\\\nba\u00d8n\u00ac UAPA F\u2202 hIp\u220fnem Wv AXv hcnI. Hcp hnImcn A\\\\pkcn\u00aens\u221a\u00b6n\u00ac A\\\\p kcn\u220fn\u00b0phm\\\\pw As\u221a\u00b6n\u00ac th\u2260 in\u00a3m \\\\S]SnI\u0192 kzoIcn\u00b0phm\\\\pw tae[nImcnI\u0192 \u00b0v km[n\u00b0psa\u2202pw AXn\\\\p\u2248 [m\u00bf\u2126nIhpw ss\\\\bmanIhpamb D\u00d8chmZnXzhpw Ah\u00bf\u00b0ps\u2260\u2202pw tImSXnhsc hn[n\u00aen\u00b4pw CXnI\u00bf\u00d8hyXmaqV-cmbn \\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202 A[nImcnI\u0192, AhcpsS ZuXy\\\\n\u00bfhl W\u00d8n\u00ac ]cmPbs\u220fSp\u2202Xns\u201a aqeImcWw AXn\\\\p\u2248 Adnthm, B\u00bf\u00f7htam Ah\u00bf\u00b0n \u221am\u00d8tXm AYhm, _\\\\U- nIvSv ]Xn\\\\- md- ma- \u2265 am\u00bf]m\u220f sX\u2030msW\u2202v hntijn\u220fn\u00aev X\u2248n \u00b0f\u2122, A\u00ffm\\\\\u00d8p\u2248 A\\\\pI\u00ba (misplaced compassion) BtWm Ft\u2202 kwibap\u2248q. D]kwlmcw It\u00d8men\u00b0mk`bpw, AXn\\\\m\u00ac Xs\u2202, kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpw Hcp I\u00ba\\\\nb\u221a. AXpsIm\u2260v hnizmknI\u0192 I\u00ba\\\\n sjb\u00bf tlm\u0192tU-gvkp- (share holders)a-\u221a. It\u00d8men \u00b0mk`bnse `cWm[nImc (power of governance) s\u00d8\u220f\u2030n ]uckvXyImt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnX bnse Ccp]\u00d8nsbm\u2202mw io\u00bfjIw hfsc hniZambn {]Xn]mZn\u00b0p\u2202p\u2260v. 979\u02dbmw Im t\\\\m\\\\ A\\\\pkcn\u00aev \\\"\\\"Xncp\u220f\u00b4w kzoIcn\u00aen\u00b4p \u2248h\u00bf k`bn\u00ac ssZh\u00ffm]nXambn\u00b4p\u2248 `cWm[nImc\u00d8n\\\\v \\\\nba am\\\\Z\ufb01{]Imcw tbmKyXbp\u2248hcmWv.'' AtX Imt\\\\m\\\\bpsS c\u2260mw JWvUnI C\u00dfs\\\\ Iq\u00b4n t\u00ae\u00bf\u00d8n cn\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"`cWm[nImcw hn\\\\ntbmKn\u00b0p\u2202 Xn\u00ac a\u2030v ss{IkvXh hnizmknI\u0192\u00b0v \\\\nba am\\\\-ZWvU{]Imcw klIcn\u00b0mhp\u2202XmWv.'' c\u2260v JWvUn-I-I-fnepw ]d-bp\u2202 Imcyw \\\"\\\"\\\\nbaam\\\\-ZWvU{]Imcw'' F\u2202XmWv. B \\\\nbaam\\\\Z\ufb01\u00dffn\u00ac knhn\u0192 \\\\nbahpw Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbahpw D\u0192s\u220fSpw; Hmtcm k\u00b5\u00bf` a\\\\pkcn\u00aev. Hcp cq]XbpsS AXn\u00bf\u00d8n \\\\n\u203a bn\u00b0p\u2202 Imcy\u00d8ntem, ]pXnb cq]XI\u0192 \u00ffm]n\u00b0p\u2202 Imcy\u00d8ntem, D\u2248 cq]-X-I\u0192 hn`Pn\u00b0p\u2202 Imcy\u00d8ntem C\u00a5y\u2265 knhn\u0192 \\\\nba\u00d8n\\\\v t\\\\cn\u00b4v H\u2202pw sN\u00f8phm\\\\n\u221a. ImcWw, It\u00d8men\u00b0mk`tbm cq]XItfm H\u2202pw knhn\u0192 \\\\nba\u00d8ns\u201a \\\\n\u00bfhN\\\\ ]cn[nbn\u00ac hcp\u2202 hnjb\u00dff\u221a. knhn\u0192 \\\\nba\u00d8n\\\\pap\u2265]n\u00ac Chsb\u221amw shdpw kzImcy kwLS\\\\I\u0192 (private organisations) am{Xw. AXn\\\\m\u00ac, AtX kwLS\\\\IfpsS \\\\nbamhen A\\\\pkcn\u00aev AXns\u201a D\u00d8chm Zn\u00d8s\u220f\u00b4h\u00bf \\\\S\u00d8p\u2202 `cWw km[phpw \\\\nbam\\\\pkrXhpambn am{Xta knhn\u0192 tImSXn\u00b0pw hn[n-\u00b0m-\\\\m-hq. `cWm[nImcs\u00d8 \\\\nba\\\\n\u00bf\u2126mW]c (legislative) sa\u2202pw `cW\\\\n\u00bfhlW]c (executive) sa\u2202pw \\\\oXn\\\\ymb]c (judicial) sa\u2202pw Xncn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202p (CCEO c. 985). kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS ]nXmhpw Xeh \\\\psa\u2202 \\\\nebn\u00ac `cW\\\\n\u00bfhlW]camb `cWm[nImcap\u2248 hy\u2021nbmWv Cu k`bpsS taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv. At\u00b1lw \\\\nb-am-\\\\p-kr Xw FSp\u00b0p\u2202 F\u221am Xocpam\\\\\u00dffpw k`mwK \u00dfsf\u221amhcpw A\\\\pkcn\u00b0phm\u2265 ISs\u220f\u00b4ncn \u00b0p\u2202p. At\u00b1lw \\\\nbam\\\\pkrXamb am\u00bf\u00a7 \u00d8neqsS kzX{\u00a5ambn \\\\S\u2202 Ce\u00a3\\\\neqsS `cWm[nImcnbmbn\u00d8o\u00bf\u2202 hy\u2021nbmWv. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac HmK-\u00c3n\u00ac \\\\S-\u00b0p\u2202 kn\\\\-Uns\u201a AwKo-Im-c-t\u00d8m-Sp-IqSn At\u00b1lw Cu hnj-b-\u00d8n\u00ac \\\"\\\\nb-aam-\\\\-Z-WvU-{]-Im-c'-sa-Sp-\u00b0p\u2202 GXv Xocp-am-\\\\hpw km[phpw ss\\\\bm-an-I-hp-am-bn-cn-\u00b0pw; Xo\u00bf\u00ae. 130","\\\"\\\"A\u00a5xOn{Zw-aqew kzbw XI\u00bf\u00b0-s\u220f-Sp-hm-\\\\-\u221amsX, al-\u00d8mb Hcp \\\\mK-cn-I-Xsb XI\u00bf\u00b0p-hm\u2265 ]pd-sa-bp\u2248 Hcp i\u2021n\u00b0pw km[n-\u00b0bn\u221a'' \u02db Gcn-b\u00ac Uypdms\u201a \\\"Hcp al-\u00d8mb \\\\mK-cn-I-X-bm-tbm, kwkvIm-c-am-tbm, kaq-l-amtbm, kap-Zm-b-amtbm \\\\ne-sIm-\u2248p\u2202 kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bn\u00ac Cu ASp-\u00d8-Im-e\u00d8p \\\\S\u2202 GXm\\\\pw kw`-h-\u00df-fn-te\u00b0p It\u00c6m-Sn-\u00b0p- t\u00bam\u0192; Gcnb- \u00ac Uypdms\u201abpsS Cu hm\u00b0pI- f- mWv Hm\u00bf\u2126b- nt- es- \u00b0\u00d8- p\u2202- X- v. kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`sb XI\u00bf\u00b0p-hm\u2265 ]pd-sa-bp\u2248 Hcp i\u2021n\u00b0pw km[n-\u00b0p-I-bn-\u221a. ]s\u00a3, k`-bpsS D\u2248n\u00ac\u00d8-s\u2202-bp\u2248 k`mw-K-\u00df\u0192 Cu k` XI-cWw F\u2202m-{K-ln-\u00b0p-Ibpw {]h\u00bf\u00d8n-\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXm\u00ac al-\u00d8mb Cu k` XI-cpIXs\u2202 sN\u00f8pw.' kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS 29-\u02dbmw kn\\\\-Uns\u201a c\u2260mw `mKw BK\u00c3v amkw 16 apX\u00ac 27 hsc \\\\S- \u00b0p-I-bp-\u2260m-bn. k`-sbbpw kaq-l-s\u00d8bpw _m[n-\u00b0p\u2202 \\\\nc-h[n hnj-b-\u00df\u0192 kn\\\\-Un\u00ac N\u00bf\u00aem hnj-b-am-sb-\u00b6nepw k`m-hn-izm-kn-I\u0192 apgp-h\\\\pw D\u2030p-t\\\\m-\u00b0n-bXv k`-bpsS Bcm-[-\\\\-{Iaw kw_- \u2018n-\u00aep\u2248 kn\\\\-Uns\u201a Xocp-am-\\\\-s\u00d8-bm-Wv. kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bnse hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\-bpsS A\u00bf\u220f- W-coXn GIo-I-cn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\mbn 1999-\u02dbse kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf kn\\\\Uv Xocp-am\\\\w FSp-\u00d8Xpw XpS\u00bf\u2202p- ff kn\\\\-Up-I-fn\u00ac Bh\u00bf\u00d8n\u00aev AwKo-I-cn-\u00ae-Xp-amb Xocp-am\\\\w \\\\S-\u220fm-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 Bh-iy-s\u220f-\u00b4p-sIm\u2260v It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-k-`-bpsS ]c-am-\u2264y-\u00a3\u2265 ]cn. {^m\u2265kokv ]m\u220fm kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`bnse sa{Xm- \u2211m\u00bf\u00b0pw sshZn-I\u00bf\u00b0pw ka\u00bf\u220fn-X\u00bf\u00b0pw A\u00acam-b\u00bf\u00b0p-ambn Fgp-Xnb I\u00d8ns\\\\ kn\\\\Uv ]nXm-\u00b0- \u2211m-\u00bf sFIy-I-WvtT\\\\ kzoI-cn-\u00ae-Xm-bp\u2248 hm\u00bf\u00d8 kt\u00a5m-j-t\u00d8m-sS-bmWv GXm\\\\pw Nne hna-X- cmb sshZn-Icpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-sam-gn\u00aev _m\u00b0n-sb\u221am hnizm-kn-Ifpw kzmKXw sNbvX-Xv. GIo- IrX _en-b\u00bf\u220f-W-coXn ASp\u00d8 Bcm-[-\\\\-{I-a-h-\u2019cw Bcw-`n-\u00b0p\u2202 2021 \\\\hw-_\u00bf 28 Rmb-dmgvN apX\u00ac kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bn\u00ac A\u00bf\u220fn\u00aep XpS-\u00dfp-hm-\\\\mWv Xocp-am-\\\\w. hn. tXm\u2126m-\u00abo-lm-bm\u00ac \u00ffm]n-X-amb kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS ]c-tam-\u2202X A[n-Im-c-tI-{\u00b5- amb kn\\\\Uv FSp\u00d8 Cu Xocp-am\\\\w A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 k`m-hn-izm-kn-I\u0192\u00b0pw sshZn-I\u00bf\u00b0pw IS- a-bp-\u2260v. k`-bnse Hmtcm AwKhpw -Cu Xocp-am-\\\\s\u00d8 AwKo-I-cnt\u00ae aXn-bm-hq. k`-bpsS Iq\u00b4mbva- bpsS s\\\\Spw-XqWpw Iq\u00b4m-bvasb i\u2021n-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8p-\u2202-Xp-amb hn. Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ C\\\\n hn`-P-\\\\-\u00d8ns\u201a AS- bm-f-ambn amdm-Xn-cn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 k`mw-K-\u00df\u0192 Hmtcm-cp-\u00d8cpw Cu Xocp-am-\\\\s\u00d8 kzoI-cnt\u00ae aXn-bm-hq. Cu ASp-\u00d8-Im-e-\u00d8p-\u2260mb Nne kw`-h-\u00df\u0192 k`mhnizm-kn-I-fpsS a\\\\-\u00a0ns\\\\ Hcp-]mSv thZ-\\\\n-\u220fn-\u00aep. amem-Jm-am\u00bf t]mepw Ib-dp-hm\u2265 `b-s\u220f-Sp\u2202 hnip\u2264 \u00ffe-amb aZv_-lm-bn\u00ac Znhy-_-en-\u00b0nsS Nne\u00bf AXn-{I-an\u00aep Ib-dp-Ibpw Znhy-_en XS-\u00a0-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8p-Ibpw taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev_n-j-\u220fns\u201a CS-b-te-J\\\\w hen-\u00aep-Iodn I\u00d8n-\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXp. k`-bpsS c\u2260m-bncw h\u00bfjs\u00d8 Ncn-{X-\u00d8n\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\sbmcp kw`hw tI\u00b4n-\u00b4p-t]m-ep-an\u221a. kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bnse GXm\\\\pw hna-X-ssh-Zn-Icpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw hna-X-\\\\o-\u00b0-\u00d8n\\\\v cq]w \\\\\u00acIp-Ibpw am\u00bf]m-\u220fm-sbbpw k`m[n-Im-cn-I-sfbpw [n\u00b0-cn-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw \\\\S- \u00d8nb Cu {]hr-\u00d8n-sb- A-Xn-i-\u2021-am-bn-\u00d8s\u2202 A]-e-]n-\u00b0p-\u2202p. ap\u220fXp sh\u2248n-\u00b0m-in\\\\v tbip-hns\\\\ H\u2030n-s\u00b0m-Sp\u00d8 bqZm-kns\\\\t\u220fmse k`sb H\u2030n-s\u00b0m-Sp-\u00b0p-Ibpw Xo{h-hm-Z-kz-`m-h-ap\u2248 kwL-S-\\\\-I-fp-ambn tN\u00bf\u2202p-\\\\n\u2202v k`sb XI\u00bf\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw {ian-\u00b0p\u2202 Cu hnaXsc k`m-hn-izm-kn-I\u0192 Xncn-\u00ae-dn-bp-Ibpw H\u2030-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8p-Ibpw sN\u00f8-Ww.- k-`m-t\\\\-XrXzw C\\\\n ssIbpw-sI\u00b4n \\\\n\u00ac\u00b0cp-Xv. Ct\u220fm\u0192 k`-bn\u00ac DS-se-Sp\u00d8 Cu {]iv\\\\-\u00df\u0192 k`m-t\\\\-Xr-Xz-\u00d8ns\u201a \u00a3a-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw Dcp-\u00d8n-cn-\u2122-XmWv. apf-bn-te-Xs\u2202 \\\\p\u2248m-am-bn-cp\u2202 {]iv\\\\w ae-t]mse hf\u00bf\u2202n\u00b4pw \\\\n\u00a0w-K-X-tbmsS t\\\\m\u00b0n-\\\\n-\u2202p. A\u00baXp h\u00bfjw P\\\\m-`n-ap-J-ambn Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ A\u00bf\u220fn\u00aep F\u2202p ]d-bp- \u2202-h\u00bf\u00b0v BcmWv AXn-\\\\-\\\\p-hmZw \\\\\u00acIn-b-Xv? Cu A\\\\p-k-c-W-t\u00b0-Sn\\\\v A\u00ba-Xp-h\u00bfjs\u00d8 ]g-\u00b0-ap- \u2260v. kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bn\u00ac P\\\\m-`n-ap-J-amb Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\bv\u00b0v A\\\\p-hm-Z-an-\u221a. A\u00df-s\\\\-sbmcp {Iaw tdmw AwKo-I-cn-\u00aen-\u00b4p-an-\u221a. tdmw i\u2021-ambn Bh-iy-s\u220f-\u00b4n\u00b4pw Bh-iy-s\u220f\u00b4 Imcyw sN\u00f8m-Xn-cp-\u2202-Xn-\\\\m- emWv Cu A\\\\p-k-c-W-t\u00b0-Sn\\\\v A\u00baXphb-\u00a0m-b-Xv. It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-k-`-bpsS sI\u00b4p-d\u220fv A\\\\p-kc-W- \u00d8n\u00ac ASn-bp-d-\u00ae-Xm-Wv. k`m-[n-Im-cs\u00d8 A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 km[n-\u00b0m-\u00d8-h\u00bf ]pd-t\u00d8\u00b0p t]mI- s\u00b4. k`-bpsS hmXn-\u00ac Xpd\u2202p InS-\u00b0p-\u2202p. k`sb XI\u00bf\u00b0p-hm\u2265 tImSn-I\u0192 \\\\\u00acIp-hm\u2265 X\u00f8m-dp-\u2248- h\u00bf k`bv\u00b0p Np\u2030pw h\u00b4-an\u00b4p ]d-\u00b0p-I-bm-Wv. kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-sb \\\\qdpiX-am-\\\\hpw kvt\\\\ln-\u00b0p- Ibpw _lp-am-\\\\n-\u00b0p-Ibpw \\\\{km-Wn-\u00b0-t\u00d8m-en-\u00b0\u00bf F\u2202-`n-am-\\\\n-\u00b0p-Ibpw sN\u00f8p-\u2202-h\u00bf CukXyw a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0p-I. 131","c\u2260m-bncw h\u00bfjs\u00d8 ]mc-\u00ba-cy-ap\u2248 kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`- \\\\S-\u2202p-h\u2202 hgn-I\u0192 I\u221apw ap\u2248pw \\\\nd-\u2122-Xm-bn-cp-\u2202p. \\\\\u2126psS hnizm-k-s\u00d8bpw k`-sbbpw s\\\\t\u00a9mSp tN\u00bf\u00d8p-h\u00aep \\\\S\u2202 \\\\\u2126psS ]q\u00bfhn-I\u00bf \\\\ap\u00b0p \\\\evInb hnizm-k-\u00dffpw ]mc-\u00ba-cy-\u00dffpw C\\\\n hcp\u2202 Xe-ap-d-I-fn-te\u00b0v ]I\u00bf\u2202p sIm-Sp-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p-\u2248-Xm-Wv. 1800 Ime-L-\u00b4-\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\\u2126psS k`-bvs\u00b0-Xnsc B\u2122Sn\u00ae tdmt\u00b0mkv ioiva F\u2202 alm-hn-]-\u00d8ns\\\\ kss[cyw t\\\\cn\u00b4v k`sb kwc-\u00a3n\u00ae kotdm ae-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS BZys\u00d8 hnImcn P\\\\-dm-fm-bn-cp\u2202 hn. Nmhd ]nXm-hns\u201a I_-dnSw \u00ffnXn-sN-\u00f8p\u2202 am\u2202m\\\\w Ip\u2202n\u00ac\\\\n-\u2202pw, taeqkv ioiva-bvs\u00b0- Xnsc t]mcm-Snb c\u2260m-as\u00d8 hnImcn P\\\\-dm-fm-bn-cp\u2202 Ipcym-t\u00b0mkv Geo-im-\u00aes\u201a I_-dnSw \u00ffnXn sN\u00f8p\u2202 am\u2202m\\\\w Ip\u2202n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw, k`bv\u00b0v kzbw-`-cWw e`n-\u00b0-W-sa\u2202pw kz\u00a5w PmXn-bn\u00acs\u220f\u00b4 sa{Xm-\u2211msc e`n-\u00b0phm\\\\pw kacw \\\\S-\u00d8nb Ggp hymIp-e-\u00df-fpsS Ncn{Xw ]d-bp\u2202 am\u2202m\\\\wIp\u2202n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw {]kn-\u2264o-I-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS BZys\u00d8 IpSpw-_-am-knI k`mw-K-\u00df-tfmSv A`y\u00bf\u221en-\u00b0p-I-bm-Wv, hnaX i_vZ-\u00df\u0192 am\u2030n-h\u00aev k`-bpsS H\u2202n-\u220fn-\\\\mbn H\u2202n\u00aep \\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p-I. k`-bv\u00b0p-\u2248n\u00ac A\u00a5xOn{Zw D\u2260m-bm\u00ac \\\\\u2126psS k` XI-cpw. \\\\\u2126\u0192 H\u2030-s\u00b0-\u00b4mbn \\\\n\u2202m\u00ac ]pd-sa-bp\u2248 Hcp i\u2021n\u00b0pw \\\\s\u2126 XI\u00bf\u00b0m-\\\\m-hn-\u221a. tdmt\u00b0mkv ioiva-bpsS Ime\u00d8v hn. Nmhd ]nXmhv F\u221am k`mw-K-\u00df-tfmSpw {]m\u00bf\u221en-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\m-h-iy-s\u220f\u00b4 {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ ChnsS Bh\u00bf\u00d8n-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"P\u2211-]m-]-an-\u221amsX D\u00a4-hn\u00ae adn-b-ta, Xncp-k-`bv\u00b0v t\\\\cn\u00b4 F\u221am \\\\mi-\u00df-sfbpw \\\\o\u00b0nb amXm-th, ]p\u00d8-\\\\m-bn\u00b4p apf-\u00aep-\u2260m-Ip\u2202 ioiva-I\u0192 Cu k`sb Ie-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 X\u00b0-h\u00c6w \\\\o ssIhn-S-cp-tX, ip\u2264-am\\\\ ]t{Xm-kns\u201a A[n-Imcw, ip\u2264 am\u00bf]m-\u220fm-bv\u00b0v apgp-h-\\\\mb Iogvhg\u00b0w F\u2202pw F\u221am-bn- S\u00d8pw \\\\S-\u2202p-h-cp-hm\u2265 Ir]-sN-\u00f8-Wta.'' ]{Xm-[n-]\u00bf 132","N\u00df-e\u00b0v {`m\u00a5v ]nSn-\u00aem\u00ac \\\"\\\"Adnh- n\\\\v AXnc- p\u2260v FXnc- pa- p\u2260v Adnh- n\u221a- mb- av b\u00b0v v c\u2260pa- n\u221a'' Fw. tKmhn\u00b5- \u2265 F\u2202 aeb- mf Zm\u00bfi\\\\- nI Ihnb- psS hm\u00b0pI- f- mW- .v FXn\u00bf\u00b0pI- , t]mcmS- pI F\u2202Xv apJa- p{- Zb- m\u00b0- nb Nnec- p\u2260- ,v Nnet- cmSp am{Xw, NneX- nt- \\\\mSp am{Xw. CXns\\\\ Adnh- n\u221a- mbav F\u2202\u221a ]dt- b\u2260- X- .v hnaX- \u00bf Fs\u2202mcp ]Za- p\u2260- .v hnaX- \u00bf F\u221am\u00b0- me- \u00d8- pa- p\u2260;v F\u221amb- nS- \u00d8- pa- p\u2260- .v F\u221am cmj{v Sob ]m\u00bf\u00b4nI- fnepw hnaX- h- n`- mK- a- p\u2260- .v F\u221am aX\u00d8- nepw hnaX- c- p\u2260;v B hnaX- c- n\u00ac hnaX- b- p\u2260- ,v hnaX- \\\\- pa- p\u2260.v F\u00a5nt- \\\\mSpw BtcmSpw hntbmP- n\u00b0- p\u2202- h- c- mW- h- \u00bf. F\u221amh- \u00bf\u00b0ps- aX- nsc Hcmt- fm, Hcm\u0192s\u00b0X- nsc F\u221am- hc- ptam hnaX- \\\\- mI- m\\\\- p\u2248 kzmX{- \u00a5ya- p\u2260- .v kmbp[- {- ]X- nt- cm[- a- mI- mw, FXnc- mf- nb- mI- mw, {]t\u00a3m`- I- \\\\- m- Imw, Iem]- I- mc- \\\\- mI- mw, elf- \u00b0- mc- \\\\- mI- mw, hn\u03c0h- I- mc- nb- mI- mw, \\\\nba- \\\\- nt- j[- ntbm, aX\\\\- nt- j[- ntbm, aX- hnt- cm[- ntbm BImw. `cW- h- nc- p\u2264- X- b- nepw aXh- nc- p\u2264- X- b- nepw s]Sp\u2202- h- \\\\- mI- mw. H\u2202n\\\\pw hg\u00df- m\u00d8- h- - \\\\mb- h- \u2265 A\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\nba- s\u00d8 [zwkn\u00ae,v FXn\u00bf\u00d8,v Iel- n\u00aev hnPb- n\u00b0- pI- tbm, ]cmP- b- s- \u220fS- pI- tbm sN\u00f8mw. BXy\u00a5- nI- a- mbn Ah\u2265 hnaX- \\\\- mb- X- ps- Im\u2260- mW- X- .v hnaX- \u2265 aq\u00d8v \\\"hna\u00d8- '\\\\mIpw\u02db a\u00d8\\\\- mb- , aZn\u00ae- , {`m\u00a5pw elc- nbpw ]nSn\u00ae- h- \\\\- mW- h- \u2265. hnaX hn{`m\u00a5- n\u00b0- mc- p\u2260- .v hnaY: F\u2202m\u00ac \\\\nt\u00bbjw \\\\in\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- h- \u2265 F\u2202\u00bf\u221ew. aXn: F\u2202m\u00ac _p\u2264n, hnthI- w, hnNmcw Fs\u2202ms\u00b0bmW\u00bf\u221ew. B\\\\b- psS Hcp ]cymb- ]- Z- a- mWv aXwK- Px. tkz\u2014t- ]mse k\u00a9c- n\u00b0- p\u2202- h- \u2265 F\u2202\u00bf\u221ew. AXv Nne- t\u220fm\u0192 a\u00d8a- X- mwK- P- a- mI- mw. _nj\u220f- ns- \\\\bpw am\u00bf]m\u220f- ms- bbpw A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0n\u221amsb\u2202v ]d\u2122v ]pXnb Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ A\u00bf\u220fW- \u00d8- ns- \\\\- Xnsc hnaX- \\\\- ne- ]- ms- SS- p\u00b0- p\u2202 Hcp Iq\u00b4w sshZnI- s- c\u220f- \u2030- nbpw hnizmk- nI- s- f\u220f- \u2030- nbpw Hm\u00bf\u00d8t- \u220fm\u0192 a\\\\- \u00a0n\u00ac h\u2202 Nne Nn\u00a5I- f- mWv ]\u00b6ph- \u00ae- X- .v a\\\\pj- y\u2265 P\u2211\\\\m arKX- pe- y\\\\- mW- .v \u00ffnc]- c- n{- ia- ws- Im\u2260pam{Xta a\\\\pjyX- e- \u00d8- nte\u00b0pbc- ph- m\u2265 km[n- \u00b0q. a\\\\pj- y\\\\- mh- pI- , am\\\\y\\\\- mh- pI, AXn\\\\- pt- ijta Hcph- \\\\v {InkXv ym\\\\- nbpw It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- \\\\pw Hcp ]ptcm- lnX- \\\\- ps- ams\u00b0 BIph- m\u2265 km[n\u00b0- q. At\u220fm\u0192 Hcp ]ptcml- nX- \\\\- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw At\u00b1lw \\\\bn\u00b0- pI- bpw hnip\u2264- oI- c- n\u00b0- pI- bpw ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- pI- bpw sN\u00f8p\u2202 hnizmk- nI- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw kaqlw {]Xo\u00a3- n\u00b0- p\u2202 am\\\\y- Xbpw hnip\u2264- nbpw F{Xtbm hepX- mW- .v \\\"\\\"km[mc- W- tam, km\u00bfh{- XnI- tam Bb {]t_m[- \\\\- m[- nI- mc- wh- g- ntbm, HutZymK- nI- a- mbn Xo\u00bf\u220fp Ie]v n- \u00b0p\u2202- X- ph- g- ntbm Xncpk- `- b- ne- qsS ssZhnI- a- mbn shfns- \u220f\u00b4- Xpw \\\\mw hnizk- n\u00b0- m\u2265 \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n- \u00b0p\u2202- X- pa- mb FgpX- s- \u220f\u00b4- Xpw ]mc\u00ba- c- y\u00d8- ne- qsS ssIamd- s- \u220f\u00b4- X- pa- mb ssZhh- N- \\\\- \u00d8- n\u00ac D\u0192t\u00ae\u00bf\u2202nc- n- \u00b0p\u2202- h- s- b\u221amw Dd\u00ae t_m[yt- \u00d8msS Rm\u2265 hnizk- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p.'' \\\"\\\"hnizmk- hpw k\u2211m\u00bf\u00a7hpw kw_\u2018- n\u00aev k` \\\\nbX- a- mbn \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 F\u221am {]t_m[- \\\\- \u00df- fpw Rm\u2265 ZrVa- mbn kzoIc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. IqSms- X, tdmanse am\u00bf]m\u220f- mtbm sa{Xm\u2265kwLtam HutZymK- nI- {- ]- t_m[- \\\\- m[- nI- mcw D]t- bmK- n\u00aev ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- h- , Ah\u00bf Ahsb \\\\nbX- a- mbn \\\\n\u00bfhN- n\u00b0- m\u2265 Dt\u00b1i- n\u00b0- p\u2202- n- s\u221a\u00b6- nepw, Aht- bmS- p\u2248 hnizmk- ]- q\u00bfhI- a- mb hnt[b- Xzw ]q\u00bf\u00c6a- mb Adnt- hmS- pw k\u2126X- t- \u00d8mS- pwI- qSn Rm\u2265 G\u2030p]- d- b- p\u2202- p. ]t{Xmk- ns\u201a ]n\u2265Kma- nbpw km\u00bfh{- XnI- k- `- b- psS Xeh- \\\\- pa- mb am\u00bf]m\u220f- msb ]q\u00bf\u00c6- lrZ- b- t- \u00d8msS A\\\\pk- c- n\u00ae- ps- Im\u2248msa\u2202v Rm\u2265 hmKZv m\\\\w sN\u00f8p\u2202- p. R\u00dff- psS k`b- psS ]nXmh- pw Xeh- \\\\- pa- mb taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv (t]c- )v sa{Xmt- \u220fme- o\u00d8- mt- bmSpw At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a ]n\u2265Kma- nI- t- fmSpw hnt[b- X- zt- \u00d8mS- pI- qSn h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00ae- ps- Im\u2248- ms- a\u2202v Rm\u2265 hmKZv m\\\\w sN\u00f8p\u2202- p.'' \\\"\\\"R\u00dff- psS ]nXmhpw tae\u2264- y\u00a3- \\\\- pa- mb am\u00bf (t]c- )v sa{Xms\\\\ (sa{- Xmt- \u220fme- o\u00d8- ms- b) ]q\u00bf\u00c6l- rZ- b- - t\u00d8mSpw hnt[b- X- zt- \u00d8mS- pwI- qSn A\\\\pk- c- n\u00ae- ps- Im\u2248msa\u2202pw At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201abpw At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a ]n\u2265Km- anIfps- Sbpw Ie]v \\\\- I- \u0192 Hcn\u00b0- epw ewLn\u00b0- b- ns- \u221a\u2202pw Rm\u2265 G\u2030p]- d- b- p\u2202- p.'' (Xnc- p\u220f- \u00b4 kzoIc- W- t- hf- - bn\u00ac ]ptcml- nX- m\u00bf\u221en {]tLmj- n\u00b0- p\u2202 hnizmk- {- ]a- mW- \u00d8- nse GXm\\\\pw `mK\u00df- f- mW- nX- .v ) \\\"\\\"am\u00bf]m\u220f- mb\u00b0v pw sa{Xm\u2211- m\u00bf\u00b0pw hnt[b- \\\\- mbn (hnt- [b- c- mb- n) k`mt- kh- \\\\w A\\\\pj- Tv n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw temI- \u00d8ns- e\u00dfpw At\u00df\u00b0v km\u00a3yw hln\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw.'' \\\"\\\"A\u00dfb- psS injy\u2211- mc- psS ASb- mf- a- mb kmtlmZ- cyw ]pe\u00bf\u00d8ph- m\\\\pw im\u00a5\\\\pw hn\\\\oX- l- rZ- b- \\\\- p- amb A\u00dfn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202p ]Tn\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw.'' \\\"\\\"\\\\\u221a CSb- \\\\- mb A\u00dfs- bt- \u220fmse APK- W- \u00d8- n\\\\- pt- h\u2260n B\ufb02m\u00bf\u220fWw sN\u00f8ph- m\\\\pw A\u00dfb- psS Poh\u2265 kar\u2264- a- mbn F\u221amh- \u00bf\u00b0pw ]I\u00bf\u2202ps- ImS- p\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw.'' \\\"\\\"{IqinX- \\\\- mb A\u00dfsb {]kwK- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\u00ac A`na- m\\\\w sIm\u2248- ph- m\\\\pw temIw apgph- \\\\- nepw A\u00df- bpsS kphnt- ij- Z- o]Xv n ]c\u00d8- ph- m\\\\pw.'' \\\"ImWms- Xt- ]mb BSpI- sf tXSn\u220f- nS- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw A\u00dfb- psS APK- W- \u00d8- n\u00ac D\u0192s\u220fS- m\u00d8- h- s- bbpw 133","\\\\\u221a CSb- \\\\- mb A\u00dfbpsS ]\u00b0t- e\u00b0v B\\\\b- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw.'' (Xnc- p\u220f- \u00b4 ip{iqj- b- nse {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- f- n\u00ac NneX- v.) \\\"\\\"F{X kap\u2202- X- a- n\u2202p ]ptcml- nX- m, \\\\o `ct- a\u2030 hninjvS\u00ff- m\\\\w! A\u00b7na- b- \u2211- m\u00bf Znhymc- q]- nI- \u02db fmb- X- ne- \u00a4- pX- a- m\u00bf\u2202nS- p\u2202- p. F\u00b6ne- pa- n\u2202p ]ptcml- nX- \\\\- nc- t- bm\u02db Shs- cs- b\u221amw Xpe\\\\w sNbXv m\u00ac ssZhnI- Z- qX- \u2211- mc- h- c- W- nbpw ]Zh- nI- \u0192 \\\\nXcmw \\\\n\u00a0mc- \u00df- \u0192.'' It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-k-`-bp-sSbpw {]tXy-In\u00aev ]utcm-ln-Xy-\u00d8n-s\u201abpw alXzw a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0n-bh\u00bf Hcn- \u00b0epw hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-s\u00b0-Xnsctbm- k`bvs\u00b0Xnsctbm hna-X-\\\\n-e-]m-sS-Sp-\u00b0n-\u221a. It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mk- `- b- nse ]utcml- nX- y\u00d8- ns\u201a D\u2202X- a- mb alX- zs\u00d8 If\u2122- pI- pf- n\u00b0- p- \u2202- Ah\u00ff C\u2202v k`b- n\u00ac \\\\ne\\\\- n\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202- p. kaqlw C\u2202pw F\u2202pw It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mh- ni- zmk- nI- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw {]tXyI- n\u00aev ]ptcml- nX- \\\\- n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw am\\\\y- Xb- p\u2248 kwkmc- hpw {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- h- pa- mWv {]Xo\u00a3- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- .v tdmt\u00b0mk- v ioiav s- \u00b0X- nsc t]mcmS- ph- m\u2265 am\u00bf]m\u220f- mb- psS A\\\\ph- mZw tNmZn\u00ae- , am\u00bf]m\u220f- mb- psS A\\\\p- hmZ- t- \u00d8mS- pIqSn a- m{Xw Bcm[\\\\- {- Ia- \u00df- \u0192 \\\\S\u220f- m\u00b0- nb- , ]cn. Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- \u00b0- nS- b- n\u00ac [q]\u00b0- p\u2030- nb- psS D]t- bm- Ks- \u00d8\u00b0- pdn\u00aept]mepw am\u00bf]m\u220f- mb- psS A\\\\ph- mZ- \u00d8- n\\\\- t- ]\u00a3- n\u00ae kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS BZys\u00d8 hnImcn P\\\\d- mf- mb- nc- p\u2202 Nmhd- \u220f- nX- mh- ns- \u201abpw, taeqkv ioiav s- \u00b0X- nsc t]mcmS- ph- m\u2265 am\u00bf]m\u220f- mt- bmSv A\\\\ph- mZw tNmZn\u00b0pIbpw \\\"\\\"]p\u00d8\u2265Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ sNm\u221a- nb \\\\m\u0192apX- \u00ac acn\u00ae Znhk- \u00d8- n\u00ac A\u00bf\u220fn\u00ae Ip\u00bf_m- \\\\h- sc \\\"Hcp {Iaw, Hcp kab- w, Hcp samg- n, Hcp sNm\u221a'v C\u00dfs- \\\\ ip\u2264a- m\\\\ Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ C{X {Iat- \u00d8mS- p- IqSn sNm\u221a- nb- n\u00b4- p\u2248 Hcp ]\u00b4\u00b0- mc- \u2265 Cu t]mcq\u00b0- c Ipcnb- mt- \u00b0mkv Geoi- m\u00ae- \u2265 A\u221amsX a\u2030mc- pa- n\u221a'' F\u2202 alXzw tI\u0192\u220fn\u00ae kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS c\u2260ma- s\u00d8 hnImcn P\\\\d- mf- mb- nc- p\u2202 t]mcq\u00b0- c Ipcnb- mt- \u00b0mkv Geoi- m\u00ae- s\u201abpw, kotdm\u02dbae_- m\u00bfk`- b- psS kzmX{- \u00a5y\u00d8- n\\\\pw sFIy\u00d8- n\\\\- pwt- h\u2260n t]mcmS- nb kn.F- w.s- F. k`b- nse Ggv hymIpe- \u00df- f- ns- emc- ph- \\\\pw FdW- mI- pfw cq]X- b- psS {]Ya sa{Xm- \\\\pa- mb- nc- p\u2202 eqbokv ]tg]- d- \u00ba- n\u00ac ]nXmh- ns- \u201abpw, F\u221am\u00d8- ne- pa- p]- cn kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS A\u00a5\u00a0pw A`na- m\\\\- hpw F\u00b0me- hpw temI\u00d8- n\\\\- pa- p\u00ba- n\u00ac {]Imi- n\u00aep ImWW- s- a\u2202- m{- Kl- n\u00b0- pI- bpw sN\u00f8p\u2202 kntdm- \u02dba- e- _- m\u00bf hnizmk- nI- f- ps- Sbpw t]cn\u00ac FXn\u00bf kzca- pb- \u00bf\u00d8p\u2202 sshZnI- t- cmSpw hnizmk- nI- t- fmSpw R\u00df\u0192 A`y\u00bf\u221en\u00b0- pI- b- mWv hnaX- k- zc- \u00df- fpw {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- \u00df- fpw Ahk- m\\\\- n\u220f- n\u00aev k`t- bms- Sm\u00d8v Nn\u00a5n\u00b0- pI- bpw {]h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0- pI- bpw sN\u00f8pI- . hn. tbml\u2202- ms\u201a kphnt- ij- \u00d8- n\u00ac A\u00a5y\u00d8- mg- t- hf- b- n\u00ac tbip ]d\u2122 hm\u00b0pI- \u0192 Hm\u00bf\u2126h- c- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Rm\u2265 sXcs- \u2122S- p\u00d8- h- sc F\\\\n\u00b0- d- nb- mw. Fs\u201a A\u220fw `\u00a3n\u00b0- p\u2202- h- \u2265 F\\\\ns- \u00b0X- nsc IpXnI- me- p- b\u00bf\u00d8n F\u2202 Xncps- hg- p\u00d8v ]q\u00bf\u00d8nb- mt- I\u2260- nb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p.'' ]{Xm[- n]- \u00bf 134","amh-cqkv {_Z-dn\\\\v A`n-hm-Zy-\u00df\u0192 Hcp kXym-t\\\\z-jn\u00b0v am{Xta \\\\s\u221amcp hnizm-kn-bm-Im\u2265 km[n-\u00b0q. kXy-sa-s\u00a5\u2202v Adn-\u2122n\u00b4v hnizm- k-\u00d8n-ep-d\u00aep \\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p-I. Hcp \\\\\u221a hnizm-kn\u00b0p am{Xta Xs\u201a hnizm-k-{]-am-W-\u00df-fnepw ]mc-\u00ba-cy- \u00df-fnepw A\\\\p-jvTm-\\\\-\u00df-fnepw Dd\u00aep \\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p-hm\u2265 km[n-\u00b0q. Hcp k`m-hn-izm-kn-bm-sW-\u00b6n\u00ac k` ]db- p\u2202- Xv Fs\u00a5\u2202v Dd\u00aep hnizk- n\u00b0- pI- bpw A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- pI- bpw A\\\\pj- vTn\u00b0- pI- bpw sN\u00f8pw. \\\\s\u221amcp hnizm-kn\u00b0pw kXym-t\\\\z-jn\u00b0pw am{Xta k`-tbm-sSm-\u00d8v, k`-bpsS Iq\u00b4m-bva-bn\u00ac Bbn-cn-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw k`-tbm-sSm\u00d8v hnizm-ks\u00d8 {]tLm-jn-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw km[n-\u00b0q. tbip ]d-bp-\u2202p\u2260v Ft\u2202mSv IqsS-b- \u221am-\u00d8-h\u2265 F\\\\n-s\u00b0-Xn-cm-Wv. ssZhnI hgn-I-fn\u00ac Cc-\u00b4-\u00d8m\u220fv \\\\b-an-\u221a. \\\\\u2211-bpsS hgn k`-bn\u00ac Ds\u2260-\u00b6nepw kzm\u00bf\u221e-X-bnepw X\u2202n-jvS-\u00d8nepw Pohn-\u00b0p-hm\\\\mWv shdpw _e-lo-\\\\-cmb \\\\mw Xmev]cyw ImWn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. \\\\\u2211-bpsS ]mX \\\\mw Xnc-kvI-cn-\u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192 ssZhnI Imcp-Wy-s\u00d8-bmWv \\\\mw Xnc-kvI-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. Ah-km\\\\w Im]-Sy-\u00d8ns\u201a Pohn-X-ssi-en-bn\u00ac F\u00d8n-t\u00ae-cp-Ibpw sN\u00f8pw. Fs\u201a IqsS-b-\u221am-\u00d8-h\u2265 F\\\\n-s\u00b0-Xn-cmWv F\u2202v tbip ]d-bp-t\u00bam\u0192 Hm\u00bf\u00b0pI kvt\\\\l-\u00d8n\\\\pw Im]- Sy-\u00d8n\\\\pw CS-bn\u00ac a\u2264y-am\u00bf\u00a7-sam-\u2202p-an-\u221a. ssZhnI Icp-W-bm\u00ac \\\\mw Bt\u00ab-jn-\u00b0-s\u220f-S-Ww. ssZhn- Im-t\u00abjw Xnc-kvI-cn-\u00b0p-t\u00bam-gmWv lrZbw ITn-\\\\-am-Ip-\u2202-Xv. AXp-sIm-\u2260mWv Fs\u2202 A\\\\p-Iq-en- \u00b0m-\u00d8-h\u2265 F\\\\n-s\u00b0-Xn-cmsW\u2202v tbip ]d-\u2122-Xpw. am{X-a-\u221a, Ah\u2265 {InkvXp-hns\\\\ hn\u00b4v Im]-Sy-{]- h\u00bf\u00d8-\\\\-\u00df-fn\u00ac apgp-Ip-Ibpw sN\u00f8pw. Cu Nn\u00a5-I-tfm-sS-bmWv Hcp kXym-t\\\\z-jnbpw Dd\u00ae \\\\{kmWn It\u00d8m-en\u00b0m hnizm-kn-bp-amb {_Z\u00bf amh-cq-kn-s\\\\-\u00b0p-dn\u00aev Hm\u00bf\u2126n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bnse kn\\\\Uv Xocp-am-\\\\n\u00ae Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-{Iaw FdWm-Ip-fw-\u02db-A-\u00b6-amen AXn-cq- ]-X-bn\u00ac \\\\S-\u220fm-\u00b0Ww F\u2202 Bh-iy-hp-ambn \\\\ncm-lmc kXy-{Klw \\\\S-\u00d8p\u2202 amh-cqkv {_Z-dn\\\\v I\u00bf\u2126-e-Ip-kpaw amkn-I-bpsS A`n-hm-Zy-\u00df\u0192 t\\\\cp\u2202p! A\u00dfb- psS C\u2014mi- \u2021- n\u00b0pw Blzm\\\\- \u00d8- n\\\\pw kXy{- Kl- \u00d8- n\\\\pw ap\u00ban\u00ac hnaX- k- zc- \u00df- fpw {]h\u00bf\u00d8- \\\\-\u00dffpw C\u221am-Xm-bn-\u00d8o\u00bf\u2202v k`-bn\u00ac sFIyhpw im\u00a5nbpw ssIh-cp-hm\u2265 Cu kXy-{Kl ka-c- \u00d8n\\\\v km[n-\u00b0s\u00b4 F\u2202m-iw-kn-\u00b0p\u2202p! hna-X\u00bf kXyw Fs\u00a5\u2202v {Kln-\u00b0s\u00b4 F\u2202v {]m\u00bf\u221en-\u00b0p\u2202p! sIm-\u00aen-bnse IS-h-{\u00a5-bnse Km\u2018n-\\\\-K-dn\u00ac {_Z\u00bf amh-cqkv F\u2202 t]cn\u00ac Hcp tdmUp-\u2260v. sIm- \u00aen-bnse apJw an\\\\p-\u00b0nb Hcp tNcn. F\u2202pw Cu alm-\ufb02m-hns\\\\ Hm\u00bf\u00b0p-hm\u2265 sIm\u00aen tIm\u00bf\u220f-td-j\u2265 a\\\\-\u00a0-dn\u2122v \\\\\u00acInb t]cm-W-Xv. kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`bn\u00ac hna-X-kz-c-\u00df-fn-\u221am-\u00d8-h-cpsS a\\\\-\u00a0-dn\u2122 At\u00df\u00b0v Hcp \u00ffm\\\\hpw t]cpw Cu k`-bpw \\\\\u00acIpw. A\u00ba-g-\u00b0m-\u00b4p\u2248 kn.-Fw.-sF. B{i-a-]-cn-k-c-\u00d8m-bn-cp\u2202p {_Z\u00bf amh-cq-kns\u201a P\\\\-\\\\w. sIm-\u00ae-KkvXn F\u2202m-bn-cp\u2202p BZy-t]-cv. A\u0192\u00d8m-c-_m-e\\\\pw Kmb-I-kw-L-\u00d8ns\u201a t\\\\Xm-hp-am-bn-cp-\u2202p. kn.-Fw.- sF. k`-bn\u00ac k\\\\ym-k-{h-X-\u00df\u0192 A\\\\p-jvTn\u00aev Hcp XpW-k-tlm-Z-c-\\\\m-bn. kn.-Fw.-sF. k`-bpsS hnhn[ B{i-a-\u00df-fn\u00ac tkh-\\\\-a-\\\\p-jvTn-\u00aep. Fd-Wm-Ipfw Imcn-\u00b0m-ap-dn-bnse kn.-Fw.-sF. B{i-a- \u00d8n\u00ac tkh-\\\\-a-\\\\p-jvTn-\u00b0p-t\u00bamgmWv sXcp-hp-a-\u00b0-fpsS ssZ\\\\y-X-bm\u00bf\u2202 PohnXw I\u2260Xpw ]n\u2202o-S- t\u00dfm\u00b4v Ah\u00bf\u00b0pt- h\u2260n PohnXw Dgn\u2122- ph- \u00ae- X- pw. sXcph- pa- \u00b0- sf tkhn\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw kvt\\\\l- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw k\\\\ym-k-k-`-bpsS Nn\u00b4-h-\u00b4-\u00df\u0192 {]-b- m-k-sa\u2202v tXm\u2202nb {_Z\u00bf F\u221am-h-cp-sSbpw A\\\\p-hm-Z-t\u00d8m-Sp- IqSn sXcp-hn\u00ac, sXcp-hns\u201a a\u00b0-tfm-sSm\u00d8v Pohn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 Xocp-am-\\\\n-\u00aep. GXm\u2260v c\u2260m-bn-c-\u00d8n\\\\p apI-fn\u00ac sXcp-hp-a-\u00b0sf {_Z\u00bf amh-cqkv c\u00a3-s]-Sp\u00d8n Ah\u00bf\u00b0v \\\\\u221a PohnXw k\u2126m-\\\\n-\u00aep. \\\"ssZh- ta, A\u00df-bpsS ]\u2264-Xn-b-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev Fs\u2202 cq]-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8-Wta' F\u2202p am{X-am-bn-cp\u2202p sNdp-\u220fw-ap-X\u00ac {_Z-dns\u201a {]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\. {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ ssZhw tI\u00b4p. tI\u00b4p-sIm-t\u2260-bn-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202p. Bbn-c-\u00df-fpsS c\u00a3-I- \\\\mbn ssZhw {_Z-dns\\\\ cq]-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8n. C\\\\n kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bnse hna-X-kz-c-\u00df\u0192 C\u221am-Xm-Ip- hm\u2265 am\u2264y\u00ffw hln-\u00b0p\u2202 D\u00f7ze hy\u2021n-Xz-ambn ssZhw A\u00dfsb cq]-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8pw. kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS B\u2264ym\ufb02- nI- X- bpw ]mc\u00ba- c- yhpw kwkvImc- hpw ss]XrI- hpw sFIyhpw F\u221amw {_Z\u00bf a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0n. am\u00bf]m-\u220fm-bpsS {]t_m-[-\\\\w Fs\u00a5\u2202v A\u00dfv a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0n. A\\\\p-c-RvP- \\\\-\u00d8ns\u201a amlm\ufb02yw A\u00dfv Xncn-\u00ae-dn-\u2122n-cp-\u2202p. hnip-\u2264-Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bnse A\u220fhpw ho\u2122pw Cutim- bpsS Xncpi- c- occ\u2021\u00df- f- mI- p\u2202 alm\u00a4- pX- s\u00d8 A\u00df\\\\- p`- h- n\u00ae- d- n\u2122- p. sXcph- nse ]\u00b4nW- n\u220f- mh- \u00df- \u0192\u00b0p- th\u2260n IjvS-s\u220f-Sp\u2202 shdp-samcp ]mhw a\\\\p-jy-\\\\mb At\u00df\u00b0v CsXms\u00b0 a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw {Kln- \u00b0p-hm-\\\\p-sam-s\u00b0-bp\u2248 t_m[hpw _p\u2264n-bp-ap-\u2260m-bn-cp-\u2202n\u00b4pw C{X-bpw-Imew sshZn-I-cmbn ]Tn\u00aepw ]Tn-\u220fn\u00aepw \\\\bn\u00aepw hnip-\u2264o-I-cn\u00aepw \\\\S\u2202 GXm\\\\pw ]ptcm-ln-X\u00bf\u00b0v CsXm\u2202pw a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-bn-\u221a-t\u221am. \\\\\u221a ia-cn-bm-\u00b0m-cs\u201a D]-a-bnse ia-cn-bm-\u00b0m-c\u2265 A\u00dfp-X-s\u2202-bm-Wv. thZ-\\\\n-\u00b0p\u2202 ko-tdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`bv\u00b0v km\u00a5z-\\\\-ta-Ip-hm\u2265 ]cn-{i-an-\u00b0p\u2202 ia-cn-bm-\u00b0m-c\u2265. sXcp-hnse ]mh-s\u220f-\u00b4-h-cpsS apdn-hp- I\u0192 h\u00aep-sI\u00b4n Ahsc ip{iq-jn-\u00b0p\u2202 iacn-bm-\u00b0m-c\u2265. D]-a-bnse ]ptcm-ln-Xs\u201a `mKw A`n-\\\\-bn- \u00b0p-\u2202-h\u00bf Xs\u2202-bmWv hna-X-ssh-Zn-I-cpw. A\u00df-bpsS Xo\u00a3v-WX Bfn-\u220f-S-cs\u00b4! As\u00dfmcp Xo\u00f7zm-e-bmbn amdp-I. Hcp c\u2021-km-\u00a3n-bm-Iptam F\u2202v A\u00dfv t]Sn-\u00b0p-\u2202n-\u221a. A\u00df-bpsS GsX-\u00b6nepw Hcp \u00ffm\\\\w sXdn-\u00b0p-sat\u2202m Itkc t]mIp- sat\u2202m A\u00dfv `b-s\u220f-Sp\u2202n-\u221a. 135","kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`sb _m[n\u00ae ioiva-I\u0192s\u00b0-Xnsc t]mcmSn k`-\u00b0p-th\u2260n c\u2021-km-\u00a3nXzw hln-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 X\u00f8m-dm-bn-cp\u2202 Nmh-d-b\u00aes\u201abpw, t]mcq-\u00b0c Ipcym-t\u00b0mkv Geo-im-\u00ae-s\u201abpw, k`- bpsS kzmX-{\u00a5y-\u00d8n-\\\\p-th\u2260nbpw sFIy\u00d8n-\\\\p-th-\u2260nbpw t]mcm-Snb kn.-Fw.-sF. k`-bnse Ggv hymIp-e-\u00df-fn-sem-cp-h\\\\pw Fd-Wm-Ipfw cq]-X-bpsS BZy-sa-{Xm-\\\\p-am-bn-cp\u2202 am\u00bf eqbokv ]tg-]-d- \u00ban-en-s\u201abpw A\\\\p-{K-l-\u00df\u0192 A\u00df-tbm-sSm-\u220f-ap-\u2260m-hs\u00b4 F\u2202v {]m\u00bf\u221en-\u00b0p-\u2202p. {]nb {_Z\u00bf, A\u00dfv kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS hnip-\u2264o-I-c-W-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn Bfn-\u220f-S-cp-I. kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS sFIy- \u00d8n-\\\\p-th\u2260n Xo\u00a3vW-ambn Fcn-bp\u2202 A\u00dfv {]hm-N-I-\\\\mb Gen-bm-sb-t\u220fmse, A\u00b7n-t]mse {]Xy- \u00a3-s\u220f-\u00b4p. A\u00df-bpsS hm\u00b0p-Ifpw kXy-{K-lhpw ]\u00a5w-t]mse Pzen-\u00b0-s\u00b4. ]{Xm-[n-]\u00bf 136","thZ\\\\ \\\\nd\u2122 Zn\\\\-\u00df\u0192 G-sd th-Z-\\\\ \\\\n-d-\u2122 Zn-\\\\-\u00df-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv ko-tdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k-`mw-K-\u00df\u0192 I-S-\u2202p-t]m-Ip-\u2202-Xv. G-Io- Ir-X Ip\u00bf-_m-\\\\-sb Np-\u2030n-\u220f-\u2030n-bp-\u2248 tIm-em-l-e-\u00df\u0192-X-s\u2202 Im-c-W-\u00df\u0192. H-\u2202n-\u220fn-s\u201a A-S-bm-f-am-bn am- td-\u2260 hn-ip-\u2264 Ip\u00bf-_m-\\\\ Ku-c-h-am-b `n-\u2202n-\u220fp-I\u0192-\u00b0v Im-c-W-am-Ip-\u2202 A-h-\u00ff. k-`m-ta-e-\u2264y-\u00a3-\u2211m-cp- sS-bpw ]p-tcm-ln-X-cp-sS-bpw A-\\\\m-h-iy-am-b I-Spw-]n-Sp-\u00d8-\u00df\u0192 Im-c-Ww c-\u2260m-bn-cw h\u00bf-j-\u00df\u0192 ]-g- \u00b0-ap-\u2248 \\\\-{km-Wn k-` s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-\u00d8n-s\u201a ap-\u00ban\u00ac A-]-am-\\\\n-X-bm-\u00b0-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202p. H-cp _n-j-\u220fn-s\u201a cm-Pn, A-`n-h-\u00b5y-]n-Xm-\u00b0-\u2211m-cp-sS tIm-ew I-\u00d8n-\u00b0\u00ac, F-Io-Ir-X Ip\u00bf-_m-\\\\ A\u00bf- \u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202 tZ-hm-e-b-\u00d8n\u00ac A-c-t\u00df-dn-b B-{I-a-W-\u00df\u0192, hn-izm-k-kw-c-\u00a3-Ww F-\u2202 t]-cn\u00ac \\\\-S-\u00d8- s\u220f-\u00b4 dm-en-I-fpw H-\u00d8p-tN-c-ep-I-fpw, I-\u00b4n\u00ac k-a-c-\u00df\u0192, F-d-Wm-Ip-fw-\u02db-A-\u00b6-am-en A-Xn-cq-]-X-bp-sS A- Uv-an-\\\\n-kv-t{S-\u2030-dp-sS Im\u00ac X-\u221an-sbm-Sn-\u00b0p-sa-\u2202p-h-sc-bp-\u2248 `o-j-Wn-I-fpw A-k-`yw ]-d-\u00aen-ep-I-fpw...-C- \u00df-s\\\\ km-[m-c-W hn-izm-kn-I-sf th-Z-\\\\n-\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202 H-t\u00b4-sd kw-`-h-\u00df\u0192 Cu k-`-bn\u00ac kw-`-hn-\u00b0p-\u2202p. I-t\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-k-`-bn\u00ac-\\\\n-\u2202pw {]-tXy-In-\u00aev ]p-tcm-ln-X-cn\u00ac-\\\\n-\u2202pw s]m-Xp-P-\\\\w {]-Xo-\u00a3n-\u00b0p-\u2202 an-\\\\n- aw am-\\\\y-X-bp-sS k-I-e A-Xn\u00bf-h-c-\u00bap-I-fpw ew-Ln-\u00b0-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202q. kz-\u00a5w Pm-Xn-bn\u00ac-s\u220f-\u00b4 sa-{Xm-\\\\p-th-\u2260n-bp-\u2248 k-a-c-\u00df\u0192, hn-tZ-i-`-c-W-\u00d8n\u00ac-\\\\n-\u2202pw Cu k-`-bp- sS kzm-X-{\u00a5yw, k-`-sb B-{I-an-\u00ae hn-hn-[ io-iv-a-I\u0192-\u00b0p t\\\\-sc-bp-\u2248 t]m-cm-\u00b4-\u00df\u0192... A-\u00df-s\\\\ H- s\u2202m-\u2202m-bn ]-e {]-iv-\\\\-\u00df-fpw Cu k-`-sb B-Ip-e-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8n-bn-\u00b4p-\u2260v. F-\u2202m\u00ac, B k-a-c-\u00df-fpw t]m- cm-\u00b4-\u00df-fpw Cu k-`-bp-sS \\\\n-e-\\\\n\u00ac-\u220fn-\\\\pw kp-\u00ffn-Xn-\u00b0pw B-h-iy-am-bn-cp-\u2202p.- ]-s\u00a3, \\\\m-fp-I-fm-bn Cu k-`-sb ]n-\u00a5p-S-cp-\u2202 Nn-e im-]-\u00df-fm-Wv ]m-c-\u00ba-cy-hm-Z-hpw ]-cn. Ip\u00bf-_m- \\\\-sb-s\u00aem-\u221an-bp-\u2248 X\u00bf-\u00b0-\u00df-fpw. Cu im-]-\u00df-sf-\u221amw H-\u2202-h-km-\\\\n-\u00aev kz-\u00ff-am-bpw k-am-[m-\\\\-am-bpw hn. Ip\u00bf-_m-\\\\ A\u00bf-\u220fn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 F-\u2202-t\u00d8-\u00b0v km-[n-\u00b0p-sa-\u2202v H-cp-d-\u220fp-an-\u221a. H-cp-Im-e-\u00d8v `m-c-X-\u220fp-g-bp-sS-bpw ]-\u00ba-bm-dn-s\u201a-bpw C-S-bn\u00ac am-{Xw {]-h\u00bf-\u00d8-\\\\-kzm-X-{\u00a5y-ap-\u2260m-bn- cp-\u2202 ko-tdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf-k-` C-\u2202v H-cp B-tKm-f-k-`-bm-bn h-f-cp-I-bm-Wv. ]-s\u00a3, h-f-cp-t\u00a5m-dpw B-\u2264ym- \ufb02n-I-hpw am-\\\\-kn-I-hp-am-b ]n-f\u00bf-\u220fp-I\u0192 Cu k-`-sb ]n-\u00a5p-S-cp-\u2202p. A-\u00dfv X-e-\u00ffm-\\\\-\\\\-K-cn-bn\u00ac ]m-h-s\u220f-\u00b4 a-\u2019y-s\u00d8m-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS A-\u2202w-ap-\u00b4n-\u00b0p-\u2202 k\u00bf-\u00b0m-cn-s\u201a \\\\-S-]-Sn-I\u0192-s\u00b0-Xn-sc e-\u00d8o\u2265-cq-]-X-bn-se sa-{Xm-\u2211m-cpw, ssh-Zn-I-cpw, k-\\\\y-kv-X-cpw P-\\\\-\u00df-tfm-sSm- \u220fw k-a-c-\u220f-\u00a5-en\u00ac P-\\\\-\u00df\u0192-\u00b0v Im-h-en-cn-\u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192, C-hn-sS aq-\u00b0p-ap-s\u00b4 Xn-\u2202v G-\u00ba-\u00b0-hpw hn-\u00b4v ]-\u221an- S-Ip-\u00d8n c-kn-\u00b0p-\u2202 a-t\\\\m-`m-h-t\u00d8m-sS B\u00bf-\u00b0pw H-cp-]-Im-c-hp-an-\u221am-\u00d8 hn-a-X-{]-h\u00bf-\u00d8-\\\\-\u00df-fn\u00ac ap- gp-In B-\\\\-\u00b5w I-s\u2260-\u00d8p-\u2202 A-h-\u00ff- C-\u2202v Cu k-`-bn-\u00ac \\\\n-e-\\\\n\u00ac-\u00b0p-\u2202p. H-cp h-i-\u00d8v Im-en-\\\\-Sn-bn- se a-\u00c6v H-en-\u00aep-t]m-Ip-\u2202-Xv I-\u2260n-\u00b4pw C-sXm-\u2202pw X-\u00df-sf _m-[n-\u00b0p-\u2202n-\u221am-sb-\u2202 Nn-\u00a5-bm-tWm hn-a- X-X\u00bf-\u00b0-\u00df-fn-te\u00bf-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202-h\u00bf-\u00b0v? a-Zy-\u00d8n-\\\\pw a-b-\u00b0p-a-cp-\u2202n-\\\\pw A-Sn-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202 \\\\-\u2126p-sS X-e-ap-d, ss{I- kv-X-h-cp-sS C-S-bn-se P-\\\\-kw-Jym-\u00b0p-d-hv, `o-I-c-{]-h\u00bf-\u00d8-\\\\-\u00df-fn-epw hn-hn-[-\u00df-fm-b Pn-lm-Zp-I-fn-epw- s]-\u00b4v Po-hn-Xw \\\\-jv-S-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8p-\u2202-h\u00bf, km-\u00ba-\u00d8n-I-am-bpw im-co-cn-I-am-bpw am-\\\\-kn-I-am-bpw th-Z-\\\\n-\u00b0p- \u2202 hn-izm-kn-I\u0192, hn-tZ-i-cm-Py-\u00df-fn-te-\u00b0p-\u2248 bp-h-P-\\\\-\u00df-fp-sS Ip-Sn-tb-\u2030-\u00d8n-ep-\u2248 h\u2265-h\u00bf-\u2264-\\\\, hn- izm-kw \\\\-jv-S-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202 bp-h-X-e-ap-d, km-\u00d8m\u2265 tk-h...-C-\u00df-s\\\\ \\\\q-dp-I-W-\u00b0n-\\\\v {]-iv-\\\\-\u00df\u0192 Cu k-`- sb th-\u00b4-bm-Sp-t\u00bam\u0192 C-Xn-sem-\u2202pw {i-\u2264 \\\\\u00ac-Im-sX ]-cn. Ip\u00bf-_m-\\\\-sb-bpw ]m-c-\u00ba-cy-\u00df-sf-bpw Ip-dn- \u00aev X\u00bf-\u00b0n-\u00aev t]m-cm-Sn-bn-\u00b4v F-\u00a5p-In-\u00b4p-hm\u2265? hn-izm-kw ]Tn-\u220fn-t\u00b0-\u2260-h-cn-ep-\u2248 hn-izm-kw hn-izm-kn- I\u0192-\u00b0v \\\\-jv-S-am-Ip-\u2202 \u00ffn-Xn-hn-ti-jw. Cu k-`-bn\u00ac k-am-[m-\\\\w ]p-e-c-Ww, X\u00bf-\u00b0-\u00df-fpw B-t{Im-i-\u00df-fpw A-h-km-\\\\n-\u00b0-Ww, Cu k-`-aq- ew hn-izm-kn-I\u0192-\u00b0pw s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-\u00d8n-\\\\pw \\\\-\u2211-bp-\u2260m-I-Ww. H-\u2202p-c-\u2260v h-kv-Xp-X-I\u0192 hn-izm-kn-I-sf Hm\u00bf-\u2126n-\u220fn-\u00b0m-sX h-\u00f8. hn-a-X-ssh-Zn-I-cp-sS-bpw hn-a-X-hn- izm-kn-I-fp-sS-bpw hm-in-bpw ho-dpw B-{I-a-W-\u00df-fpw B-t{Im-i-\u00df-fpw Im-Wp-t\u00bam\u0192 G-Xm-\\\\pw Nn-e kw-i-b-\u00df\u0192 hn-izm-kn-k-aq-l-\u00d8n\u00ac D-b\u00bf-\u2202p-h-cp-\u2202p. B kw-i-b-\u00df\u0192 Cu k-`m-k-aq-l-s\u00d8 A-e-\u00b4p- \u2202-h-X-s\u2202-bm-Wv. Cu k-`-bv-\u00b0v \\\\-\u2211-bp-\u2260m-I-W-sa-\u2202 D-t\u00b1-i-t\u00d8m-sS X-s\u2202-bm-tWm Cu hn-a-X-{]-h\u00bf- \u00d8-\\\\-\u00df\u0192? B-scm-s\u00b0-tbm, F-hn-sS-sbm-s\u00b0-tbm C-cp-\u2202v Nn-e N-c-Sp-h-en-I\u0192 \\\\-S-\u00d8p-\u2202n-t\u221a? Cu k-`-sb X-I\u00bf-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 I-\u00ae-sI-\u00b4n-bn-d-\u00dfn-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202 Nn-e Xo-{h-hm-Z kw-L-S-\\\\-I\u0192 \\\\\u00ac-Ip-\u2202 ]- W-\u00d8n-s\u201a lp-\u00b6m-tWm C-h-sc hn-a-X-cm-Ip-hm\u2265 t{]-cn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv? _n-j-\u220fv {^m-t\u00b6m tI-kp-am-bn _- \u2018-s\u220f-\u00b4v h-\u00a9n-kv-Iz-b-dn\u00ac A-c-t\u00df-dn-b \\\\m-S-I-\u00df\u0192 ap\u2265-]p -]-d-\u2122 kw-i-b-\u00df-sf i-\u2021-n-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8p- \u2202p. ]-s\u00a3, H-cp k-Xy-ap-\u2260v. B k-Xy-s\u00d8 A-h-K-Wn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 B\u00bf-\u00b0pw km-[n-\u00b0n-\u221a. ssZ-hm-\ufb02m-hv Ip- Sn-sIm-\u2248p-\u2202 Cu k-`-sb H-cp ss]-im-Nn-I-i-\u2021n-\u00b0pw X-I\u00bf-\u00b0-m-\\\\m-hn-\u221a. A-Xv k-Xyw-X-s\u2202-bm-Wv. ]- s\u00a3, kw-`-hn-\u00ae-sX-\u221amw F-\u00a5m-sW-\u2202pw F-\u00a5p-sIm-\u2260m-sW-\u2202pw H-cn-\u00b0\u00ac ]p-d-\u00d8p-h-cpw. \\\"sN-hn-bn\u00ac a-{\u00a5n-\u00ae-Xv ]p-c-ap-I-fn\u00ac {]-tLm-jn-\u00b0-s\u220f-Spw' F-\u2202 kp-hn-ti-j-h-N-\\\\w Hm\u00bf-\u00b0p-I. ]{Xm-[n-]\u00bf 137","A\\\\-kvXm-kym-bpsS Dd\u00ae hnizmkw t]mse tIcf \\\\{kmW- nk- `- sb Bg\u00d8- n\u00ac apdnt- he- v]n\u00ae ioivab- mb- nc- p\u2202p 1861 ImeL- \u00b4- \u00d8- n\u00ac tIcf- k- `- - bn\u00ac Act- \u00dfd- nb tdmt\u00b0mkv ioiva.- A\u2202v \\\\{kmW- nk- `- b- v\u00b0p\u2260- mb- nc- p\u2202 BsI 154 ]\u2248nI- f- n\u00ac 84 ]\u2248nI- \u0192 ]q\u00bf\u00c6a- mbpw 32 ]\u2248nI- \u0192 `mKnI- a- mbpw tdmt\u00b0mkv ioivabv\u00b0v Iogvs\u220f\u00b4- p. 38 ]\u2248nI- \u0192 am{X-amWv tdmt\u00b0m-kn\\\\v Iogvs]-Sm-Xn-cp-\u2202-Xv. B Ahkc\u00d8n\u00ac Nmhd\u220fnXmhv kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bpsS BZys\u00d8 hnImcnP\\\\dmfmbn \\\\nabn\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4p. Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s- \u201abpw, At\u00b1lw \u00ffm]n\u00ae k\\\\ym- kk- `- b- nse AwK\u00df- f- ps- Sbpw kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- v\u00b0pt- h\u2260n At\u00b1lw am\u2202m\\\\- \u00d8- mc- w`- n\u00ae BZy- ska- n\\\\- mc- nb- n\u00ac At\u00b1l- wX- s\u2202 ]cni- oe- \\\\w \\\\evInb sshZnI- c- ps- Sbpw hn{ia- a- n\u221a- m\u00d8 {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- \u00df- - fpsS ^ea- mbn tdmt\u00b0mkv ]\u00a3t- \u00d8\u00b0v ]n\u00a5nc- n\u2122 apgph- \u2265 ]\u2248nI- s- fbpw It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mh- ni- zmk- - \u00d8nt- e\u00b0v XncnsI sIm\u2260- ph- \u2202- p. tdmt\u00b0mkv ioiav \u00b0- me- \u00d8v hnizmk- nI- \u0192 Ahc- psS It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mh- ni- zmk- \u00d8- n\u00ac ASnb- pd- \u00aev \\\\n\u00ac\u00b0- Ws- a\u2202pw It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mk- `- b- psS Iq\u00b4mb- av b- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw AWph- nS hyXnN- e- n\u00b0- c- ps- X\u2202pw am\u00bf]m\u220f- t- bm- Sp\u2248 hnt[b- Xzw A`wK- pcw ]men\u00b0- W- s- a\u2202pw D]t- Zi- n\u00ae- ps- Im\u2260v Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 FgpXnb aeb- mf- `- mj- - bnse BZys\u00d8 JWUv I- mh- ya- mWv \\\"A\\\\k- Xv mk- ymb- psS c\u2021k- m\u00a3- yw.' kz\u00a5w Poh\u2265 XyPnt- \u00b0\u2260- n- h\u2202- mepw, hnizmk- s\u00d8 X\u2248n\u220f- d- b- ph- m\u2265 Fs\u00a5\u221amw {]tem`- \\\\- \u00df- fpw `ojW- nI- fpw t\\\\cnt- S\u2260- nh- \u2202- mepw, {InkXv ph- ne- p\u2248 hnizmkw Hcn\u00b0- epw Dt]\u00a3- n\u00b0- c- ps- X\u2202v kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS BZy- hnI- mc- nP- \\\\- - dmf- mb- nc- p\u2202 Nmhd- \u220f- nX- mhv Cu JWUv I- mh- y\u00d8- ne- qsS \\\\{kmWn It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- t- cmSv Bhi- ys- \u220f\u00b4- p. ss{IkvX-h\u00bf\u00b0p-t\\\\sc AXn-{Iq-c-amb ]oU-\\\\-\u00df\u0192 \\\\S-\u2202n-cp\u2202 tdmam cmPy\u00d8v I\\\\ym-kv{Xo-bmbn Pohn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 aT-\u00d8n-\u00act\u00ae\u00bf\u2202 A\\\\-kvXymkym F\u2202 kp\u00b5-cn-bmb bph-Xnsb {InkvXphntcm[nbmbncp\u2202 htecnb\u2265 N{Ih\u00bf\u00d8nbpsS Iev]-\\\\-{]-Imcw aT-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw _e-ambn sIm-\u00b4m-c-\u00d8n-te\u00b0v sIm-\u2260p-t]m-bn. sIm-\u00b4m-c-\u00d8n-te\u00b0v t]mIpw-ap\u00bav aTm-[n-]-bmb tkm^nb A\\\\- kvXm-kym-tbmSv: \\\"\\\"aI-sf, \\\\ns\u201a aW-hm-f-\\\\mb tbip-hn-ep\u2248 hnizm-ks\u00d8 \\\\ns\u201a Poh\u2265 XyPn-t\u00b0- \u2260n-h-\u2202mepw X\u2248n-\u220f-d-b-cp-Xv. kz\u00bf\u00a7-\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\n\\\\-\u00b0mbn \\\\ns\u201a aW-hm-f\u2265 aW-hd Hcp-\u00b0n-bn-cn\u00b0p\u2202p'' F\u2202p]- t- Zi- n\u00aev bm{Xb- m\u00b0- p\u2202- p. F\u2202m\u00ac N{Ih\u00bf\u00d8nbpsS {]tem`- \\\\- \u00df- \u0192\u00b0v hg\u00df- mX- nc- p\u2202- X- n\\\\- mepw ss{IkvXh- h- ni- zmkw Dt]\u00a3- n\u00b0- mX- nc- p\u2202- X- n\\\\- mepw A\\\\k- vXmk- ymb- psS icocw hen\u00ae- pI- od- s\u220fS- pI- bpw tbip-hn-\\\\p-th\u2260n Ah\u0192 c\u2021-km-\u00a3n-bm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. tdmt\u00b0mkv ioivab- v\u00b0pt- ijw Ct\u220fmg- nXm kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- nse FdW- mI- pf- w\u02db- A- \u00b6- a- men AXn- cq]- X- b- nse ioivab- psS hnjh- n\u00d8- pI- f- mb- n\u00d8o\u00bf\u2202 GXm\\\\pw hnaX- s- shZ- nI- cpw hnizmk- nI- fpw k`- bpsS A\u00a5\u00a0pw alX- zhpw If\u2122- pI- pf- n\u00aev hnizmk- nI- sf hgns- X\u2030- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. A\\\\k- vXmk- ym\u00b0- p\u2260- mb- n- cp\u2202 \\\\n\u00bf\u2126e- a- mb hnizmk- wt- ]mse It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mh- ni- zmk- \u00d8- n\u00ac Pohn\u00b0- p\u2202 kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`- bnse hnizmk- nI- t- fmSv Nmhd- \u220fnX- mh- ns\u201a a\\\\\u00a0- d- n\u2122- ps- Im\u2260v A`y\u00bf\u221en\u00b0- pI- b- mWv: ]cn. am\u00bf]m\u220f- - sbbpw kn\\\\U- ns- \\\\bpw A\\\\pk- c- n\u00ae- v hni- zmk- P- oh- nX- s\u00d8 {Ias- \u220fS- p\u00d8- n, \\\\n\u00df\u0192 \\\\{kmW- nk- `- b- psS ]mc-\u00ba-cy-\u00d8n\u00ac Dd-\u00aep-\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0pI. It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-k-`-bn-ep\u2248 hnizm-kw- t]m-bn\u00b4v ssZhw-X-\u00bap-cm-\\\\n\u00ac t]mepw hnizmkan\u221a- m\u00d8 Cu hnaX- t- Ima- mf- n\u00b0- q\u00b4- \u00df- f- psS {]tem`- \\\\- \u00df- f- n\u00ac hogmsX \\\\n\u00df\u0192\u00b0v {InkXv p- inj- y\\\\- mb tXmam\u00ab- ol- mb- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw e`n\u00ae hnizmk- s\u00d8 Im\u00d8pk- wc- \u00a3- n\u00aev Pohn\u00b0- pI- . am\u00bf]m-\u220fsb A\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev Pohn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 a\\\\-\u00a0m-ImsX ]pXnb k`-bp-\u2260m-\u00b0m-sa\u2202pw, ]pXnb cq]X Bcw-`n-\u00b0m-sa\u2202pw, a\u2030v k`-I-fn-te\u00b0v tNt\u00b0-dm-sa\u2202pw, ]Whpw \u00ffm\\\\-am-\\\\-\u00df-fp-sams\u00b0 Xcm-sa\u2202pw ]d\u2122v Cu hn-a-X-h\u00bf\u00a7w \\\\n\u00dfsf {]tem-`n-\u220fn\u00aev hgn-sX-\u2030n-\u00b0pw. ]t\u00a3, Cu {]tem-`-\\\\-\u00df\u0192s\u00b0m\u2202pw hna-X-sc-tbm, {]tem-`-\\\\-\u00d8n\u00ac hoWp-t]m-bm\u00ac \\\\n\u00df-sftbm c\u00a3n-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\m-In-\u221a. kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS Ncn-{X-\u00d8n-em-Zy-ambn am\u00bf]m-\u220f-tbmSv A\\\\p-k-c-W-t\u00b0Sv Im\u00b4nb Hcp cq]-Xm-\u2264y-\u00a3s\\\\ ]cn. knwlm-k-\\\\-\u00d8n\\\\v in\u00a3n-\u00b0m-sa-\u00b6n\u00ac Cu hna-X-ssh-Zn-I-scbpw in\u00a3n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\u00ac knwlm-k\\\\w Dd- \u00aep-\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0pw. Ah-km\\\\w F\u221am-h-cmepw ssIhn-S-s\u220f\u00b4v F\u221am-h-cp-sSbpw ap\u00ban\u00ac ]cn-lm-k-]m-{X-\u00df-fm- bn \\\\n\u00df\u0192 Ah-ti-jn-\u00b0p-Ibpw sN\u00f8pw. kn\\\\-Uw-Ko-I-cn\u00ae ]cn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bpsS ]Ip-Xn-`mKw A\u0192\u00d8m-cm-`n-ap-J-ambn \\\\S\u00d8n kotdm-\u02db-a-e- _m\u00bf k`-bpsS Bcm-[-\\\\-{I-a-\u00d8n\u00ac GIo-I-cWw \\\\S-\u220fm-\u00b0-W-sa\u2202v ]cn. am\u00bf]m-\u220fbpw kn\\\\Upw Bh\u00bf\u00d8n-\u00aem-h-iy-s\u220f-\u00b4n\u00b4pw A\\\\p-k-c-W-t\u00b0Sv Im\u00b4n C{X-b-[nIw tImem-l-e-\u00df\u0192 Ch\u00bf hcp\u00d8n hbvt\u00b0-\u2260n-bn-cpt\u2202m? ]cn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bpsS ]Ip-Xn-`mKw am{Xw A\u0192\u00d8m-cm-`n-ap-J-ambn A\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p- hm-\\\\t\u221a Bh-iy-s\u220f-\u00b4p-\u2248q. X\u221am\\\\pw sIm-\u221am-\\\\p-sam\u2202pw Bcpw Bh-iy-s\u220f-\u00b4n-\u221a-t\u221am. hna-X-{]-h\u00bf\u00d8-\\\\- \u00df\u0192 Bcw-`n\u00ae \\\\m\u0192ap-X\u00ac C\u2202p-hsc Fd-Wm-Ip-fw-\u02db-A-\u00b6-amen AXn-cq-]-X-bnse hna-X-ssh-Zn- IcpsSbpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw Iq\u00b4m-bvabpw i\u2021nbpw ka-bhpw AtX cq]-X-bnse Ip\u00b4n-I-fp-sSbpw bph-P-\\\\-\u00df-fp-sSbpw amXm-]n-Xm-\u00b0-fp-sSbpw hr\u2264-P-\\\\-\u00df-fp-sSbpw ]mh-s\u220f-\u00b4-h-cp-sSbpw D\u2202-a-\\\\-\u00d8n- \\\\mbn {Inbm-\ufb02-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-\u00aen-cp-\u2202p-sh-\u00b6n\u00ac Fs\u00a5\u221amw A\u00a4p-X-\u00df\u0192 Ah\u00bf\u00b0v sNbvXp-Iq-\u00b4m- am-bn-cp\u2202p! F\u221amw hrYm-hn-em-bnt\u221a! C\u00b0q-\u00b4-cpsS P\u2211w ]mgm-bn-t\u220fm-bt\u221am Ft\u2202m\u00bf\u00d8v ZpxJn\u00b0p-I- 138","bm-Wv. Ah\u00bf Ah-cpsS al-Xzhpw A\u00a5\u00a0pw ]Z-hnbpw BZ-c-hpw \\\\jvS-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8n-\u00b0-f\u2122p. _lp-am- \\\\-t\u00d8mSpw BZ-c-thmSpw kvt\\\\l-t\u00d8m-Spw-IqSn \\\"A\u00aem' F\u2202v sshZn-Isc A`n-kw-t_m-[\\\\ sNbvXn- cp\u2202 AtX \\\\mhp-sIm\u2260v C\u2202v s]m-Xp-P\\\\w Ahsc N\u00a5-bn\u00ac D]-tbm-Kn-\u00b0p\u2202 aq\u2202mw-InS hm\u00b0p-I- fp-]-tbm-Kn-\u00aep-sIm\u2260v kwt_m-[\\\\ sN\u00f8p-\u2202p. It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-k-`-bnse apgp-h\u2265 sshZn-Icpw Cu hna- X-ssh-Zn-I-cpsS {]h\u00bf\u00d8n-I-fm\u00ac apdn-th-ev]n-\u00b0-s\u220f-\u00b4p. ]cn, Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-sb-\u220f\u2030n C\u00b0q-\u00b4\u00bf X\u2248n-hn-Sp\u2202 ]pXnb ssZh-im-kv{X-\u00df\u0192 tI\u00b4v Ch-\u2030-I-tfmSv km[m- cW hnizm-kn-I\u0192\u00b0p-t]mepw shdp\u220fpw Ah-\u2044bpw tXm\u2202n-\u00d8p-S-\u00dfn-bn-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202p. shdpw \\\\mS-I- ambpw BNm-c-ambpw am{Xw hn. Ip\u00bf-_m-\\\\sb hymJym-\\\\n-\u00b0p\u2202 Ch\u00bf\u00b0v Ip\u00bf_m\\\\b\u00bf\u220fWw h\u221a \\\\mS-I-{Sq-\u220fn-s\\\\bpw Gev]n-\u00aem\u00ac t]mtc? A\u00dfs\\\\\u00b6n\u00ac Ch-cpsS ]utcm-ln-Xy-\u00d8ns\u201a {]m[m-\\\\y-sa\u00a5v? \\\"\\\"e\u00d8o\u2265 k`-bpsS B[n-]-Xy-\u00d8n\u00ac kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS ]mc-\u00ba-cyhpw Bcm-[-\\\\-{I-ahpw \\\\jvS- s\u220f-\u00b4p, ae-\u00b6-c-k-`bpw I\u00acZm-b-k-`bpw Ah-cpsS ]mc-\u00bacyw \\\\ne-\\\\n\u00bf\u00d8n-b-Xp-t]mse \\\\ap\u00b0pw \\\\\u2126p- sS- ]m-c-\u00ba-cyhpw Bcm-[-\\\\-{I-ahpw Xncn-\u00aep-]n-Sn-\u00b0Ww'' F\u2202-h-Im-i-s\u220f-Sp\u2202 hna-X-tcmSv: kn\\\\Uv GIo- I-cn\u00ae Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-{Iaw \\\\\u2126psS ]mc-\u00bacyw Xncn-\u00aep-]n-Sn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-s\u201abpw Dd-hn-S-\u00df-fn-te\u00b0v t]mIp-\u2202- Xn-s\u201abpw ]cn-{i-a-\u00df-ft\u221a F\u2202v tNmZn-\u00b0p-I-bm-Wv. F\u2202m\u00ac kn-\\\\-Un-s\\\\bpw am\u00bf]m\u220f-sb-bpw A\\\\p- k-cn-\u00b0n-s\u221a\u2202pw, BcpsS ap\u00banepw Xe-Ip-\\\\n-\u00b0n-s\u221a\u2202pw, th\u2260n-h-\u2202m\u00ac h\u221a I\u220f-e-\u2260n-\u00b0-\u00ae-h-S-\u00d8n\\\\pw s]m-bvs\u00b0m\u2248mw F\u2202psams\u00b0 ]d-bp\u2202 hna-X-ssh-Zn-I\u00bf F\u00a5m-\u2264ym-\ufb02n-I-X-bmWv hnizm-kn-I\u0192\u00b0v ]I\u00bf\u2202v \\\\\u00acIp-\u2202-Xv. AUvan-\\\\n-kvt{S-\u2030\u00bf \\\\\u00acIp\u2202 k\u00bf\u00b0p-e-dp-I-fn-t\u2211\u00ac Xp\u220fn Nh-\u2030p-Ip-\u00b4-bn-en-S-s\u220f- Sp\u2202 cwK-\u00df\u0192 s]m-Xp-k-aqlw I\u2260v Chsc Ah-\u2044-tbmsS ]cn-l-kn-\u00b0p-\u2202p. ]utcm-ln-Xy-\u00d8ns\u201a hne A{X-b-[nIw Ah\u00bf CSn-\u00aep-Xm-gv\u00d8n. ]\u2248n-\u00b0p-\u2248nse {Iqin-X-cq]w \\\\o\u00b0w-sN-\u00f8p-sa\u2202pw, sIm-\u00a5-\\\\-a-kvImcw \\\\ntcm-[n-\u00b0p-sa\u2202pw, s\\\\m- th\\\\- I- \u0192 Ahk- m\\\\- n\u220f- n\u00b0- ps- a\u2202pw, hW\u00b0- a- mk- \u00df- \u0192 \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8e- m\u00b0- ps- a\u2202pw, kn\\\\Uv Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ AXns\u201a Bcw-`-am-sW-\u2202p-sams\u00b0 ]d\u2122v hnizm-kn-Isf hgn-sX-\u2030n-\u00b0p\u2202 C\u00b0q-\u00b4-cpsS hmN-I-\u00b0-k\u00bf\u00d8p-Isf hnizm-kn-I\u0192 Xncn-\u00ae-dn-bp-I. It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-k` Hcp cmjv{So-b-]m\u00bf\u00b4n-b-\u221a. at\u2030-sX-\u00b6nepw kwL-S-\\\\-bpsS LS\\\\ AXn-\\\\n-\u221a. A\u00dfs\\\\ Bbnc- p\u2202- ps- h\u00b6- n\u00ac Ch\u00bf ]t\u2260\u00b0- p]- t\u2260 k`bv\u00b0v ]pd\u00d8- mI- pa- mb- nc- p\u2202- p. F\u2202m\u00ac kvt\\\\l- \u00d8n-s\u201abpw \u00a3a-bp-sSbpw kam-[m-\\\\-\u00d8n-s\u201abpw kl-\\\\-\u00d8n-s\u201abpw Iq\u00b4p-I-fm\u00ac \u00ffm]n-X-amb It\u00d8m- en-\u00b0m-k-`-bpsS ]c-am-\u2264y-\u00a3-\\\\mb am\u00bf]m\u220f ]e-{]m-hiyw XmWp-ho-W-t]-\u00a3n-\u00aen\u00b4pw A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0p- hm\u2265 Iq\u00b4m-\u00b0m\u00d8 C\u00b0q-\u00b4\u00bf Cu k`bv\u00b0v Xo\u00bf\u00d8pw hnPm-Xn-b-sc-t\u220fm-sebpw Np\u00b6-\u00b0m-sc-t\u220fm-se-bp- amWv (a\u00d8m 18:17). hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv ho\u2260pw A`y\u00bf\u221en-\u00b0p-I-bmWv: kXyw Fs\u00a5\u2202v ]Tn-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0p- hm\\\\pw \\\\n\u00df\u0192 {ian-\u00b0p-I. CXv \\\\n\u00df-fpsS hnizm-k-\u00d8ns\u201a {]iv\\\\-am-Wv. \\\\n\u00df-sfbpw \\\\n\u00df-fpsS hnizm-k-s\u00d8bpw \\\\bn-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw ]Tn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw hnip-\u2264o-I-cn-\u00b0phm-\\\\p-ambn \\\\ntbm-Kn-\u00b0-s\u220f-\u00b4-h\u00bf AXn\\\\v {]m]vX-c-s\u221a\u2202v t_m\u2264y-am-bm\u00ac Ahsc I\u2248-{]-hm-N-I-\u2211m-cmbpw I\u2248s\u201a thj-a-Wn-bp\u2202 CS-b-\u2211m-cp-ambn I\u2260v \\\\n\u00dffpsS hnizm-ks\u00d8 Im\u00d8p-kq-\u00a3n-\u00b0p-I. \\\\n\u00df-fpsS hnizmkw Hcn-\u00b0epw hnI-e-am-\u00b0-s\u220f-S-cp-Xv. Cu hnaX sshZn-Itcm hnaX hnizm-kn-Itfm A\u221a \\\\n\u00df\u0192\u00b0v It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m- hn-izmkw ]I\u00bf\u2202p-X-\u2202-Xv. C\u2202-s\u221a-\u00b6n\u00ac \\\\msf Ah\u00bf am\u2030-s\u220f-Spw. ]t\u00a3, F\u2202pw \\\\ne-\\\\n-\u00act\u00b0\u2260Xv ]mc-\u00ba-cy-ambn \\\\n\u00df\u0192\u00b0v e`n\u00ae ]cn-ip-\u2264-amb \\\\{kmWn It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-hn-izmkw am{X-am-Wv. C\\\\n F{Xtbm Xea- pd- I- f- nt- e\u00b0v Cu hnizmkw ssIamd- s\u220ft- S\u2260- X- mW- v. \\\\n\u00dff- psS A{i\u2264- b- m\u00ac \\\\n\u00df\u0192\u00b0v e`n\u00ae ]cn. hnizm-ks\u00d8 If-\u00b6-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8p-Itbm C\u221am-Xm-\u00b0p-Itbm sN\u00f8-cp-Xv F\u2202v ho\u2260pw A`y\u00bf\u221en- \u00b0p-\u2202p. hnizmk- nI- \u0192 Hcp kXywI- qSn a\\\\\u00a0- ne- m\u00b0- pI. ]cn. am\u00bf]m\u220f- b- ps- Stbm kn\\\\U- ns- \u201atbm AwKoI- mc- - an\u221a- m\u00d8 A\\\\pk- c- W- t- \u00b0S- pw hminb- pw tN\u00bf\u00d8p\u2248 \\\\nbaewL\\\\\u00d8ns\u201a hn. _enb- ne- mWv \\\\n\u00df\u0192 ]\u00b6pt- Nc- p\u2202- X- v. \\\\nba hncp\u2264amb hn. Ip\u00bf_m\\\\bn\u00ac ]\u00b6ptN\u00bf\u2202 XpsIm\u2260v \\\\n\u00dff- psS hnizmk- P- o- hnX- \u00d8- n\u00ac F\u00a5v hneb- mW- p\u2248- Xv? kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bfk` Ct\u2202m C\u2202-etbm s]m-\u00b4n-ap-f-\u00ae-X\u221a. {InkvXp-in-jys\u201a ssIs\u00f8m-\u220fp\u2248 Cu k` CXnepw henb kwL\u00bfj-\u00df\u0192\u00b0v km\u00a3n-bm-bn-\u00b4p-\u2260v. ]t\u00a3, Hcn-\u00b0epw Xf-cmsX ]q\u00bf\u2206m-[nIw i\u2021n-tbmsS Cu k` apt\u00bam-\u00b4p-t]m-hp-I-Xs\u2202 sN\u00f8pw. ]{Xm-[n-]\u00bf 139","am\u00bft\u00d8m\u2126m \\\\{km-Wn-k-`-bn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw hntZ-i- `-c-Ws\u00d8 sI\u00b4p-sI-\u00b4n\u00ae Hcp k\\\\ym-k-k-aqlw hntZ-i-sa-{Xm-\u2211mcm\u00ac Zo\u00bfL-Imew `cn-\u00b0-s\u220f\u00b4pw F\u2202m\u00ac hntZ-in-b-cmb ]e sa{Xm-\u2211m-cmepw anj- W-dn-am-cmepw Ah-tl-fn-\u00b0-s\u220f\u00b4pw Ah-K-Wn-\u00b0-s\u220f\u00b4pw I- gn\u2122- nc- p\u2202 Hcp `qXI- mew kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`-bv\u00b0p-\u2260m-bn-cp-\u2202p. H\u220fw Hcp kzmX-{\u00a5y-k-ac Ncn-{X-hpw. G.-Un. 52 \u00ac am\u00bft\u00d8m-\u2126m-\u00abo-lm-bm\u00ac \u00ffm]n-X-amb \\\\{km-Wn-k-aq-l-\u00d8n\\\\v kz\u00a5w PmXn-bnepw \\\\m\u00b4n-epw-s]\u00b4 Hcp sa{Xms\\\\ e`n-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw kz\u00a5w Imen\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v Pohn-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw hf-cp-hm\\\\pap\u2248 B{K-lhpw Ah-Im-ihpw km\u00a3m-XvI-cn-\u00b0- s\u220f-Sp-hm\u2265 1887 hsc kacw sN\u00f8p-Ibpw Im\u00d8n-cn-\u00b0p-Ibpw sNt\u00f8-\u2260n-h-\u2202q Ft\u2202m\u00bf\u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192 Cu kaqlw A\\\\p-`-hn\u00ae kl-\\\\-\u00dffpw hymIp-e-\u00dffpw IjvS-\u220fm-Sp-Ifpw F{X-t\u00d8m-f-ap-\u2260m-bn-cp-\u2202p-sh\u2202v Duln\u00b0- ph- m\u2265t]mepw km[n\u00b0- p\u2202- n\u221a- . \\\\m\u00b4ps- a{- Xm\u2211- mc- m\u00ac `cn\u00b0- s- \u220fS- ph- m\u2265 am{Xa- \u221a- - X\u00df- \u0192\u00b0v ss]Xr- I-ambn e`n\u00ae `mcXkw-kvIm-chpw ]uc-kvXy-]m-c-\u00ba-cyhpw Im\u00d8p-kq-\u00a3n-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw F\u221am-\u00d8n-\\\\p-ap- ]cn tbip-hn-ep\u2248 hnizm-ks\u00d8 \\\\{km-Wn-\u00d8-\\\\n-a-bn\u00ac Pohn-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw AXy-[nIw B{K-ln\u00ae Hcp kaq-l-am-bn-cp\u2202p \\\\{km-Wn-{In-kvXym-\\\\n-I\u0192. ]\u00ba-bm-dn\\\\pw `mc-X-\u220fp-g-bv\u00b0p-an-S-bn\u00ac am{Xw {]h\u00bf\u00d8- \\\\-kzm-X-{\u00a5y-ap-\u2260m-bn-cp\u2202 Hcp k`-bm-bn-cp\u2202p kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`. F\u2202m\u00ac C\u2202v temI-sam-\u00b4p\u00b0pw kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k` hf\u00bf\u2202v hym]n-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202p. hntZi- `- c- W- s\u00d8 sI\u00b4ps- I\u00b4- n\u00b0- m\\\\- p\u2248 kac- \u00df- \u0192\u00b0v t\\\\XrXzw \\\\\u00acInb Hcp k\\\\ymk- k- a- ql- \u00d8- nse {][m\\\\- s- \u220f\u00b4 kac- t- \\\\X- m\u00b0- s- f\u00b0- pd- n\u00aev Cu P\\\\ph- c- na- mkw Aev]s- am\u2202v Nn\u00a5n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv \\\\\u221aX- pX- s- \u2202. hens- bmcp ioivab- mbn tIcf- \u00d8- ns- e\u00d8- nb hntZi- nb- mb- nc- p\u2202p tdmt\u00b0mkv sa{Xm\u2265. F\u2202m\u00ac am\u00bf\u220fm- \u220fb- psS A\\\\ph- mZ- a- n\u221a- msX \\\\{kmW- nk- `- sb `cn\u00b0- ph- ms- \\\\\u2202- pw ]- d- \u2122v \\\\m\u00b4ns- e\u00d8- nb sa{Xms\\\\ Xncn- sIt- bmS- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 t\\\\XrXzw \\\\\u00acInb hn. Nmhd- \u220f- nX- mh- ns\u201a Xncp\\\\- m\u0192 P\\\\ph- c- na- mkw 3\u02dbmw XobXn BtLmj- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS kpc\u00a3- bv\u00b0pw kp\u00ffnX- n\u00b0pw hf\u00bf\u00aeb- v\u00b0pwt- h\u2260n s]m- cpX- nb Hcp k\\\\ymk- k- a- ql- s- \u00d8 Cu e\u00b0\u00d8- n\u00ac A\\\\pk- vac- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. Cu k\\\\ymk- k- a- ql- w kotdm\u02db- a- - e_- m\u00bf k`b- psS ss]XrI- hpw X\\\\na- bpw Im\u00d8pk- wc\u00a3- n\u00aepw k`b- psS hf\u00bf\u00aeb- v\u00b0pt- h\u2260n {Inbm\ufb02- - Ia- mb {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- \u00df- \u0192 B\u2264ym\ufb02- nI- , `uXnI- , _u\u2264nI- , kmaql- nI Xe\u00df- f- n\u00ac \\\\S\u220f- ne- m\u00b0- pI- bpw sNbvX Ncn{Xw k`ma- \u00b0- \u0192 ad\u00b0- c- pX- v. kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS ]nXm-sh-t\u2202m, k`-bpsS ZznXob A\u220f-kvtXm-e-s\\\\t\u2202m hnfn-\u00b0-s\u220f- tS\u2260 Nmh-d-\u220fn-Xm-hns\u201a Hm\u00bf\u2126-Zn\\\\w kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS k`m-Zn-\\\\w-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. C\u2202v kotdm-\u02db- a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bn\u00ac Bcm[\\\\{I-a-hn-j-b-\u00d8n\u00ac `n\u2202n-\u220fp-I\u0192 \\\\ne-\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192 k` t\\\\mt\u00b0-\u2260n-bn- cp\u2202Xv Nmh-d-\u220fn-Xmhv Fgp-Xn-bp-\u2260m-\u00b0nb \\\"Xq\u00b0m-k'bnte-\u00b0m-bn-cp-\u2202p. 1962 se ]cn-jvI-cn\u00ae kotdm- \u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS XIvk \\\\ne-hn\u00ac hcp-\u2202-Xp-hsc Nmh-d-b-\u00aes\u201a \\\"Xq\u00b0mk' A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00aem-bn-cp\u2202p kntdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bfk`-bn-em-I-am\\\\w sshZn-I\u00bf _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00aen-cp-\u2202-Xv. hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bpsS A\u00bf\u220f-W- \u00d8n\u00ac GIo-I-cWw \\\\S-\u220fm-\u00b0nb \\\"Xq\u00b0mk' Cu k` F\u2202v Ah-K-Wn\u00aev XpS-\u00dfntbm A\u2202p-ap-X\u00ac `n\u2202n-\u220fp-I-fpsS hnj-hn-\u00d8p-I\u0192 Cu k`-bn\u00ac apf-\u00aep-s]m-\u00a5n. hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bpsS GIo-I-c-W- \u00d8n-\\\\m-bp\u2248 kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf kn\\\\-Uns\u201a {ia-\u00df\u0192 C\\\\nbpw ]qh-Wn-\u2122n-\u00b4n-\u221a. 1800 Ime-L\u00b4w \\\\{km-Wn-k-`sb kw_-\u2018n-\u00aen-S-t\u00d8mfw ka-c\u00dffpsSbpw `n\u2202n-\u220fp-I-fp-sSbpw ioiva- I-fp-sSbpw Ime-am-bn-cp-\u2202p. k` hf-sc-b-[nIw {]\u00a3p-_v[-am-bn-cp-\u2202p. hnhn[ ioiva-I\u0192 \\\\{km-Wn- k-`sb ]nSn-\u00aep-Ip-ep-\u00b0-pI-bp-\u2260m-bn. ]t\u00a3 ASn-]-X-dmsX \\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p-hm\u2265 i\u2021-amb t\\\\Xr-Xz-\u00df\u0192 k`-bn\u00ac Db\u00bf\u2202p-h-\u2202p.- ssZ-hw-X-\u00bap-cms\u201a ssIs\u00f8m-\u220fm\u00ac \u00ffm]n-X-amb Hcp kaq-l-\u00d8n\u00ac A[\u00bf\u2126w kwlmcXmWvU-h-am-Sn-bm\u00ac AXns\\\\ \\\\n{K-ln-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 Imem-Im-e-\u00df-fn\u00ac ssZhw-Xs\u2202 Nne Ah- Xm-c-\u00dfsf `qan-bn-te-\u00b0-b-bv\u00b0pw. A\u00dfs\\\\ Nne Ah-Xm-c-\u00df\u0192 kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bnepw Ah-X-cn- \u00aep. CS-h-I-ssh-Zn-I-cmbn ]pWy-Po-hnXw \\\\bn-\u00aen-cp\u2202 GXm\\\\pw t]\u00bf H\u2202p-tN\u00bf\u2202v kaq-l-Po-hn-X\u00d8n\\\\v cq]w-sIm-Sp-\u00d8p. kaq-l-ambn Pohn-\u00aem\u00ac H\u2030-s\u00b0-\u00b4m-bn-\\\\n\u2202v ]eXpw t\\\\Sn-sb-Sp-\u00b0mw F\u2202 Nn\u00a5-bm-bn- cp\u2202p Ahsc \\\\bn-\u00aen-cp-\u2202-Xv. GI-a-\\\\-\u00a0p-I\u0192 Hcp-an-\u00aen-cp\u2202v {]m\u00bf\u221en\u00aepw [ym\\\\n\u00aepw N\u00bf\u00ae sNbvXpw FSp-\u00b0p\u2202 Xocp-am-\\\\-\u00df\u0192\u00b0v Ccp-X-e-hm-fn-t\\\\-\u00b0m\u0192 aq\u00bf\u00ae-bp-\u2260v. ssZh-\u00d8ns\u201a {]tXyI ]cn-]m-e-\\\\- bm-em-bn-cp\u2202p Ch\u00bf kaqlk\\\\ymk Pohn-X-ssien kzoI-cn-\u00ae-Xv. Ch-cpsS kaq-l-k-\\\\ym-k-Po-hnXw hf-cp-Ibpw A`n-hr-\u2264n-s\u220f-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX-tXm-sSm\u220fw kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS kzmX-{\u00a5y-\u00d8n\\\\pw hf\u00bf\u00aebv\u00b0pw ]pXnb Z\u00bfi-\\\\hpw ImgvN-\u220fmSpw cq]hpw `mhhpw ssIh-\u2202p... \u2666 kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bfk-`-bpsS BZy Ac-a\\\\ sjh-en-bm\u00bf sF.-kn. Nmt\u00b0m-bpsS hm\u00b0p-I-fn\u00ac: \\\"\\\"Ac-i-Xm-_vZ-\u00b0m-e-t\u00d8\u00b0v kpdn-bm\\\\n It\u00d8m- en-\u00b0-cpsS A`n-am-\\\\-kvXw-`-\u00df\u0192 \\\\n\u2202n-cp-\u2202Xv am\u2202m-\\\\-\u00d8m-bn-cp-\u2202p. kpdn-bm-\\\\n-\u00b0m\u00bf\u00b0v {]tXyIw sa{Xm-\u2211m\u00bf D\u2260m-b-Xn-\\\\p-tijw am\u2202m-\\\\-\u00d8ns\u201a {]m[m\\\\yw sa{Xm-\u2211m-cpsS Ac-a-\\\\-I-fn-te\u00b0v amdn. am\u2202m-\\\\\u00d8v Xma-kn-\u00aen-cp\u2202 \\\\{kmWn k`-bpsS BZys\u00d8 hnImcn P\\\\-dm-f-\u2211m\u00bf c\u2260p-t]cpw -\u02db Nmh- 140","d-b-\u00ae\\\\pw, t]mcq-\u00b0c Ipcym-t\u00b0mkv Geo-im-\u00ae\\\\pw \u02db P\\\\-\u00df-fpsS lrZ-b-\u00d8n\u00ac ]gb A\u00bf\u00b0-Zn-bm- t\u00b0m-\u2211m-cpsS \u00ffm\\\\-s\u00d8-bmWv hln-\u00aen-cp-\u2202-Xv. Ah\u00bf A`ntjI-an-\u221am\u00d8 sa{Xm-\u2211m-cm-bn-cp-\u2202p. am\u2202m\\\\w Ah-cpsS Ac-a-\\\\-bpw... \u2666 bp\u2264-`qan tdmt\u00b0m-kv, taeqkv ioiva-I\u0192s\u00b0-Xntc t]mcmSphm\u2265 If-sam-cp-\u00b0nb bp\u2264-`q-an-bm-Wv am\u2202m-\\\\w. AXn-s\\\\-Xntc t]mcm-Sn-b-h\u00bf hn{iaw sIm-\u2248p\u2202 ]pWy-`q-an. Ggp hymIp-e-\u00dffpw am\u2202m\\\\w kq\\\\-l- tZmkpw AtX-\u00d8p-S\u00bf\u2202v kotdm\u02dba-e-_m\u00bf k`bv\u00b0v kzbw-`-cWw ssIh-cp-hm\u2265 hgn-h-\u00aeXpw Cu am\u2202m\\\\wIp\u2202m-Wv. ]cn. am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fm-bpsS \\\\{kmWn\u00b0t\u00d8m-en-\u00b0\u00bf\u00b0p\u2248 Xncp-sh-gp-\u00d8p-I\u0192 h\u2202p- tN\u00bf\u2202Xpw Chn-sS-\u00d8-s\u2202. kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS Xriq\u00bf, tIm\u00b4bw hnIm-cn-bm-\u00d8p-Isf {]Jym- ]n-\u00aep-sIm-\u2260p-\u2248 ]cn. knwlm-k-\\\\-\u00d8ns\u201a Xncp-sh-gp-\u00d8p-I\u0192 am\u2202m\\\\w Ip\u2202n-te-\u00b0mWv Ab-\u00aep-sIm- Sp-\u00d8-Xv. tIm\u00b4bw hnIm-cn-bm-\u00d8ns\u201a (C-\u2202s\u00d8 N\u00df-\\\\m-t\u00bbcn cq-]-X) BZys\u00d8 sa{Xm\u2265 A`n-h\u00b5y Nm\u0192kv eho-\u2122ns\u201a \\\\nb-a-\\\\-]{Xw BZy-ambn hmbn-\u00aeXpw, At\u00b1-l-\u00d8n\\\\v BZy-ambn henb kzoI- cWw Hcp\u00b0n-bXpw am\u2202m-\\\\w-Ip-\u2202n-em-Wv. Iptd-\u00b0m-e-t\u00d8\u00b0v At\u00b1-l-\u00d8ns\u201a B\u00ffm-\\\\w am\u2202m\\\\w Ip\u2202n-em-bn-cp-\u2202p... \u2666 B{ia-\u00ffm-]\\\\w \\\"\\\"Cu temI-\u00d8n\u00ac Pohn-\u00aem\u00ac B\ufb02mhv c\u00a3-s]-Sn-\u221a. Bb-Xn-\\\\m\u00ac h\u221a h\\\\-hm-k-\u00d8n\\\\pw s]m- bv\u00b0-fbmw'' F\u2202m{K-ln\u00aep B\ufb02-kp-lr-\u00d8p-\u00b0fpw \\\\{kmWn k`-bnse CS-hI sshZn-I-cpam-bn-cp\u2202 _lp. tXmakv t]mcq-\u00b0c A\u00ae\u2265, _lp. tXmakv ]me-\u00b0-e-\u00ae\u2265, _lp. Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 F\u2202n-h\u00bf. Ch\u00bf hcm-\u220fpg hnImcn A\u220f-kvtXm-en-\u00b0- sautcen-bqkv kvX_n-eo\\\\n sa{Xm-t\u220fm-eo-\u00d8m-tbmSv k\\\\ym- k-Po-hnXw \\\\bn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 X\u00df-fpsS B{Klw Adn-bn-\u00aep. CXn\\\\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn: \\\"Aev]w Adnhpw hn\u2044m-\\\\-hp-ap\u2248 \\\\n\u00df\u0192 h\u221a h\\\\-\u00d8n-epw-t]mbn Pohn-\u00aem\u00ac temI-\u00d8n-ep\u2248 a\\\\p-jysc Bcp ]Tn-\u220fn-\u00b0pw, Bcp \\\\bn\u00b0pw. Bb-Xn-\\\\m\u00ac Hcp B{iaw \u00ffm]n-\u00b0p-I. A\u00df-s\\\\-sb- \u00b6n\u00ac temI\u00bf\u00b0pw \\\\n\u00df\u0192\u00b0pw D]-Im-c-s\u220f-Spw...' F\u2202v sa{Xm\u2265 Bh-iy-s\u220f-\u00b4p. ]n\u2202oSv aqh-cp-sSbpw {i\u2264 B{ia \u00ffm]-\\\\-\u00d8n-te-\u00b0m-bn. (Cu aqh-cp-sSbpw B\ufb02an-{X-am-bn-cp\u2202 IWn-bm{\u00a5 bmt\u00b0m- _ns\u201a Ub-dn-\u00b0p-dn\u220fpI-fn\u00ac\\\\n-\u2202pw). A\u00bf\u00d8p-\u00b6\u00ac ]\u2248n-bn\u00ach\u00aev sshZn-I-]\u00b4w G\u2030-t\u220fm\u0192, sa{Xm-t\\\\msSm\u2202n-\u00aep\u2248 Nmhdb\u00aes\u201a H\u2202m- as\u00d8 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bpsS \\\\ntbm-Kw, Hcp k\\\\ymk B{iaw \u00ffm]n-\u00b0-s\u220f-SWsa\u2202p\u2248 B{Klw \\\\nd- th-dm\\\\p\u2248 ssZhm-\\\\p-{Klap\u2260m-hWw F\u2202-Xm-bn-cp-\u2202p. 1831\u02db- \u00ac tabvamkw 11\u02db- \\\\p `mcX- \u00d8- nse BZy It\u00d8men\u00b0m B{ia- \u00d8- ns\u201a inem\u00ff- m]- \\\\w am\u2202m\\\\w Ip\u2202n\u00ac \\\\S\u2202- p. inem\u00ffm]\\\\w \\\\St- \u00d8\u2260- Xv _nj\u220fv Bbnc- ps- \u2202\u00b6- nepw imcoc- nI Akzm\u00ffyw aqew B I\u00bf\u2126w tXmakv t]mcq\u00b0- cb\u00ae\u2265 \\\\n\u00bfhl- n\u00ae- p. tbml\u2202- m\u2265 amwZm\\\\- b- psS t]cn\u00ac B{iaw \u00ffm]n- \u00b0W- s- a\u2202v sa{Xm\u2265 \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- n\u00ae- p.- hn. tZma\\\\- nt- \u00b0mk- ns\u201a t]cn\u00ac thWs- a\u2202v tXmakv ]me\u00b0- e\u00ae\u2265 ]d\u2122- p. F\u2202m\u00ac hn. but- k\u220fv ]nXmh- ns\u201a t]cn\u00ac thWs- a\u2202v t]mcq\u00b0- cb\u00ae\\\\pw ]d\u2122- p. Ah- km\\\\w F\u221am-h-cp-IqSn t]mcq-\u00b0cb\u00aes\u201a \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-is\u00d8 A\\\\p-Iq-en-\u00aep. am\u2202m\\\\w Ip\u2202n\u00ac C\u2202s\u00d8 Pq_nen It\u220ff \u00ffnXnsN\u00f8p\u2202 \u00ffe\u00d8v Hcp Ipcnip \\\\m\u00b4ns- \u00b0m\u2260- mWv B{ia- P- oh- nXw Bcw`- n\u00b0- p- \u2202-Xv. Cu It\u220f-f-bn\u00ac \u00ffm]n-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 Aa-tem-\u00a4h amXm-hns\u201a A\u00a4pX cq]w, N\u00df-\\\\m-t\u00bbcn ]mtd\u00ac ]\u2248n-bnse amXm-hns\u201a cq]w, ]mem Su\u00a8 It\u220f-f-bnse amXmhns\u201a cq]w Ch aq\u2202pw kn.-Fw.- sF. k`-bnse FkvX\u220fm-t\\\\m-kv X\u00f8ne\u00ae-\u2265 {^m\u2265kn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw hcp\u00d8n {]-kvXpX \u00ffe-\u00df-fn\u00ac \u00ffm]n-\u00ae-Xm-Wv. \u2666 B{i-a-\u00d8n-\\\\p\u2248 \u00ffew B{i-a-\u00d8n\\\\p \u00ffew At\\\\z-jn-\u00ae-t\u220fm\u0192 Nne Imcy-\u00df-fn\u00ac aqh\u00bf\u00b0pw Nne \\\\n\u00bf_-\u2018-\u00df\u0192 D\u2260m- bn-cp-\u2202p. \\\"Db\u00bf\u2202 Ip\u2202m-bn-cn-\u00b0-Ww, [mcmfw Im\u2030pw shfn-\u00aehpw e`n-\u00b0-Ww, hf-\u00b0q-dp-ff a\u00c6m-bn-cn- \u00b0-Ww, \\\\\u221a sh\u2248w e`n-\u00b0-Ww, Pe-am\u00bf\u00a7hpw Ic-am\u00bf\u00a7hpw Ffp-\u220f-\u00d8n\u00ac bm{X sN\u00f8p-hm\u2265 ]\u2030nb \u00ffeam-bncn\u00b0Ww...' CsX\u221amw H\u00d8n-W-\u00dfnb \u00ffe-amWv am\u2202m-\\\\w- Ip\u2202v Ib-dn-\u00b0-\u2260-tXmSpIqSn ]nXm-\u00b0-\u2211m\u00bf\u00b0v e`n-\u00ae-Xv. s]cp-am-en\u00ac-\u02db-X-\u00f8n\u00ac IpSpw_w B{iaw \u00ffm]n-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 am\u2202m\\\\w Ip\u2202v ]nXm-\u00b0-\u2211m\u00bf\u00b0v Zm\\\\-ambn \\\\\u00acIp-Ibpw sNbvXp. \\\"t_kvdua' F\u2202s{X am\u2202m\\\\w Ip\u2202n\\\\p ]nXm-\u00b0- \u2211m\u00bf \\\\evInb t]cv. kpdnb- m\\\\- nb- nse Cu hm\u00b0n\\\\p \\\"Dbc- \u00d8- nse `h\\\\- w, ssZht- \u00d8mSv G\u2030hpw ASp\u00d8 \u00ffew' Fs\u2202ms\u00b0 A\u00bf\u221eap\u2260v. \u2666 B{ia-\u00d8n-\\\\p\u2248 BZykw`m-h-\\\\I\u0192 1828 \u00ac am\u2202m\\\\w Ip\u2202n\u00ac kn.-Fw.-sF. k\\\\ym-k-k` \u00ffm]n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\p\u2248 A\\\\p-hm-Zhpw AXn- \\\\mbn ]\u2248nIfn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202p ]W-\u220fn-cnhp \\\\S-\u00d8p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\p\u2248 I\u00ac\u220f-\\\\bpw 200 {_n\u00b4ojv cq]bpw BZy- ambn kw`m-h\\\\ \\\\evIn-bXv hcm-\u220fpg XmevIm-enI A\u220f-kvtXm-en\u00b0m Bbn-cp\u2202 kvX_n-eo\\\\n sa{Xm- \\\\m-bn-cp-\u2202p. 1830 \u00ac I\u221aq\u00bf\u00b0m\u00b4v (N-\u00ba-\u00b0p-fw) ]\u2248n-\u00b0m\u00bf 200 cq]bpw, FSXzm ]\u2248n-bn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202v 350 cq]bpw, ]pfn-\u00b6p\u2202p ]\u2248n-\u00b0m\u00bf 1000 ]d s\\\\\u221apw kw`m-h\\\\ sNbvXp. 141","\u2666 am\u2202m\\\\w Ip\u2202n\u00ac B{i-ahpw ]\u2248nbpw X\u00f8n\u00ac (s]-cp-am-en\u00ac) Ipcy\u2265 Xc-I\\\\pw A\\\\p-P\u2265 sIm-\u00aep-t]m-\u00d8\u2265 am\u220fn-fbpw B{iaw \u00ffm]n- \u00b0p-hm-\\\\mbn X\u00df-fpsS t]cn\u00ac 993 se Is\u2260-gp-\u00d8n\u00ac ]Xn\u2122p InS-\u2202 Hme\u2265 I\u00c6me F\u2202 Ip\u2202n\u00ac \u00ffm]n-\u00b0m-sa\u2202p k\u2126-Xn-\u00b0p-Ibpw Zm\\\\-ambn \\\\\u00acIp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ImSv Ib-dn-\u00b0n-S\u2202 am\u2202m-\\\\w- Ip\u2202v sh\u00b4n-s\u00d8-fn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 X\u00f8n\u00ac Ipcy\u2265 Xc-I\\\\pw A\\\\pP\u2265 sIm-\u00aep-t]m-\u00d8\u2265 am\u220fn-fbpw sP\u2202mcp ta\u00d8\u00bf- F\u2202 apl-\u2126-Zob I\u00ae-h-S-\u00b0m-c-\\\\pw, AXn-c-\u00bapg sIm-\u00aep-]p-c, ]oSn-tb-\u00b0\u00ac, tht\u00ba\\\\n, ssI\u220fpg Xd-bn\u00ac, amte\u00ac F\u2202o ho\u00b4p-Imcpw ap\u2202n\u00b4p\\\\n\u2202p. B{i-a-\u00d8ns\u201a ]Wn-I\u0192 \\\\S-\u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192 A\u00ae- \u2211m\u00bf\u00b0v Xma-kn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\mbn am\u2202m-\\\\\u00d8v Nnt\u2030-g\u00d8p Cuiz-c\u2265 \\\\mb\u00bf ({io B\\\\-\u00b5-t_mkv IAS s\u201a hey-\u2014\u2265) F\u2202 Hcm-fpsS If-\u220fpc hn\u00b4p-sIm-Sp-\u00d8n-cp-\u2202p. \u2666 kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS BZys\u00d8 s]mXpskan-\\\\mcn 1833-\u02db\u00ac am\u2202m-\\\\\u00d8v sshZn-Isc ]cn-io-en-\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\mbn skan-\\\\mcn Bcw-`n-\u00aep. kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS BZy skan-\\\\m-cn-bs{X CXv. P\\\\-\u00dfsf \\\\bn-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw hnip-\u2264o-I-cn-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw ]Tn-\u220fn-\u00b0p- hm\\\\pw \\\\\u221a sshZn-I\u00bf kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`bv\u00b0v Bh-iy-am-sW\u2202v a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0n-bmWv Nmhd A\u00ae\u2265 skan-\\\\mcn Bcw-`n-\u00aeXv. CS-hI sshZn-I\u00bf\u00b0pw k\\\\yk sshZn-I\u00bf\u00b0pw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw in\u00a3Ww \\\\\u00acIp-hm-\\\\p\u2248 kw-hn-[m\\\\w Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 \\\\S-\u220fn-em-\u00b0n-bn-cp-\u2202p. sshZnIKW-\u00d8ns\u201a KpWo-I-c-W- \u00d8n-emWv temI-cpsS B\ufb02ob KpW-sam-s\u00b0bpw B{i-bn-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-sX\u2202v ]me-bv\u00b0\u00ac tXm\u2126m-\u00ae\u2265, t]mcq-\u00b0c tXm\u2126m-\u00ae\u2265, Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 F\u2202n-h\u00bf \\\\\u221a-Xp-t]mse Adn-\u2122n-cp-\u2202-Xn-\\\\m\u00ac temI-cpsS \\\\S- ]-Sn-I\u0192 \u2044m\\\\-[ym-\\\\w, D]-tZ-iw, Ip\u00ba-kmcw apX-em-b-h-sIm\u2260v \\\\\u2202m-\u00b0n-bn-cp-\u2202-Xp-t]mse sshZn- I-K-W-\u00b0m-cmb si\u2126m-\u00bb-\u2211m-cpsS PohnX \\\\S-]-Sn-I\u0192 kpIr-X-\u00df-fmbn Xocm\u2265 th\u2260 ]cn-{i-a-\u00df\u0192 F\u221amw sNbvXp-h-\u2202p. A\u00b0m-e\u00d8v am\u2202m-\\\\\u00d8p am{Xta skan-\\\\mcn D\u2260m-bn-cp-\u2202p-\u2248p. Nmh-d-\u220fn-Xmhv Dt\u00b1-in\u00ae Nne- Kp-W-\u00df\u0192 ]n\u2202oSv A\\\\p-`-h-\u00d8n\u00ac ssZhm-io\u00bfhm-Zw -sIm\u2260v D\u2260m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. tdmt\u00b0mkv ioiva-bpsS Ime\u00d8v AXn\u00ac IqSm-\u00d8-h-cmb ]\u00b4-\u00b0m\u00bf D\u2260m-bn-cp-s\u2202-\u00b6n\u00ac AXp {][m-\\\\-ambn am\u2202m-\\\\\u00d8p\\\\n\u2202p ]Tn\u00aept]mb Nmh-d-b-\u00aes\u201a injy-\u2211m-cm-W- v. (1869 P\\\\p-hcn amk- \u00d8n\u00ac am\u2202m-\\\\\u00d8p sIm-th-\u00a5-bn\u00ac setbm-\\\\m\u00bfZp sa{Xm-t\u220fm-eo-\u00d8m-\u00ae\u2265 h\u2202p GXm\\\\pw Znh-k- \u00df\u0192 ]m\u00bf\u00d8p. At\u220fm\u0192 am\u2202m-\\\\\u00d8v \\\\S\u2202ph\u2202n-cp\u2202 skan-\\\\mcn Xosc sNdp-Xm-bn-cp-\u2202-Xn-\\\\m\u00ac 70 t]\u00bf\u00b0v kpJ-ambn ]m\u00bf\u00d8p ]Tn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 X\u00b0-Xmb Hcp skan-\\\\mcn aq\u2202v \\\\ne-bn\u00ac ]Wn-bn-\u00b0- Wsa\u2202pw Cu ]Wn sX\u00b0\u2265 ]d-hq\u00bf apX\u00ac sXt\u00b0m-\u00b4p\u2248 ]\u2248n-Ifn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw ]ncn\u2122p In\u00b4p\u2202 ]nSn-bcn [\u00bf\u2126w-sIm\u2260v \\\\S-\u00d8-W-sa\u2202pw I\u00ac\u220fn-\u00aep. ]pd-sa-bp\u2248 sh\u2248 tX\u220fp apX-emb ]Wn-I-sfm- gnsI a\u2030p ]Wn-I-sfms\u00b0 1875-\u02db\u00ac Xo\u00bf\u2202p.) \u2666 B\u2264ym-Xv-anI \\\\ho-I-cWw 1831 apX-ep\u2248 Ime-L-\u00b4-\u00df-fn\u00ac, \\\\{kmWn k`-bn\u00ac hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\at\u2264ybp\u2248 {]kw-K-\u00df\u0192, sshZn-I\u00bf\u00b0pw hnizm-kn-I\u0192\u00b0pw -D\u2248 hm\u00bfjnI [ym\\\\w XpS-\u00dfn-bh Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 am\u2202m-\\\\-\u00d8p-\\\\n\u2202pw \\\\S-\u220fn-em-\u00b0n-\u00d8p-S-\u00dfn. \u2666 am\u2202m\\\\w B{i-a-\u00d8nse Pohn-X-Ncy P][- ym\\\\- \u00df- \u0192sIm\u2260pw, GIm\u00a5- - Poh- nX- w- sIm\u2260pw B{ia\u00d8- n\u00ac Pohn\u00aep X\u00dfsf \\\\\u2202m\u00b0- pIbpw ssZh- t\u00d8mSp X\u00dfsf tN\u00bf\u00d8p]- nS- n\u00b0- bpw sN\u00f8p\u2202 [ym\\\\\\\\- njTv PohnX- hpw (contemplative life) P\\\\\u00df- f- psS B\ufb02- c\u00a3- b- \u00b0v pt- h\u2260n thZ]- T- \\\\- \u00df- sf Ahsc ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- bpw, \u2044m\\\\[- ym\\\\- \u00df- \u0192 Ah\u00bf\u00b0p sNbXv ps- ImS- p\u00b0- bpw skan\\\\mc- n\u00b0- msc \\\\\u221a PohnX apdb- n\u00ac Xg\u00b0n ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- b- pw, Ip\u00bak- mc- ws- Im\u2260pw {]kwK- \u00df- \u0192sIm\u2260pw P\\\\- \u00dff- psS hym]mc- \u00df- sf KpWoI- c- n\u00b0- bpw sN\u00f8p\u2202 t{]m\u2019ml- \\\\ PohnX- hpw (active life) F\u2202n\u00df- s\\\\ {]m\u00bf\u221e- \\\\bpw {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- hpw \\\\nd\u2122 PohnX- a- mWv Ah\u00bf \\\\S\u00d8- nt- \u220fm\u2202- nc- p\u2202- X- .v am\u2202m\\\\- \u00d8- v A\\\\pZ- n\\\\w BNc- n\u00aeph\u2202nc- p\u2202 Zn\\\\N- cy kwt\u00a3]- a- mbn Xmsg ImWn\u00b0pw t]mse Bbn- cp-\u2202p: Ime\u00d8v 5 aWn\u00b0v F\u221am-hcpw \\\\n{Z-hn-s\u00b4-gp-t\u2202\u00ac\u00b0bpw DZ-bm-cm-[\\\\ Ign-\u00ae-tijw ]\u00b4-\u00b0m\u00bf Imt\\\\m\\\\ \\\\akvImcw F\u00d8n\u00b0- bpw AXn\\\\- pt- ijw k\\\\ymk- m\u00bf\u221enI- fpw skan\\\\- mc- n\u00b0- mc- pa- mbn Hcp- an\u00aev tZhme- b- \u00d8- n\u00acs\u00ae\u2202p P]a- me- b- psS kt\u00a5mj- c- l- k- yhpw \\\\\u2126psS I\u00bf\u00d8mh- ns\u201a A\u00a9v Xncpa- pd- n- hnt- \u201abpw hymIpe amXmh- n-s\u201a {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- bpw am\u00bf butk\u220fv ]nXmh- nt- \\\\mSv {_\u201cN- c- nXzw Im\u00b0p\u2202- - Xn\\\\pw \\\\\u00acac- Ww e`n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\pw th\u2260nb- p\u2248 P]\u00df- fpw sNm\u221a- pI- bpw DSs\\\\ ]\u00b4\u00b0- m\u00bf Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ sNm\u221a- pI- bpw AXn\\\\- pt- ijw kIe ip\u2264a- m\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- h- c- psS ep\u00d8o\\\\nbm F\u221amh- c- pwI- qsS Hcpa- n\u00aep F\u00d8n- \u00b0bpw sNbvXnc- p\u2202- p. ]n\u2202oSv F\u221amh- c- pwt- ]mbn ]T\\\\- \u00d8- n\u00ac DtZymK- s- \u220f\u00b4- nc- p\u2202p. 12 aWn\u00b0v sshZnI- - KWw GIo`- h- n\u00aev P]a- me- b- psS ZpxJ\u00d8ns\u201a clk- y\u00df- f- pw- Xnc- pa- pdnhns\u201a {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- bpw am\u00bf butk- \u220fns\u201a hymIpe kt\u00a5mj P]\u00df- fpw ssZh\u00d8- ns\u201a t\\\\scb- p\u2248 kvt\\\\lhpw, Xs\u2202{]Xn ]mSp]- oU- - I\u0192 kln\u220f- m\\\\- p\u2248 B{Kl- hpw k\u00ac{]h- \u00bf\u00d8nI- \u0192 A\\\\pj- vTn\u220f- m\\\\- p\u2248 klmb- hpw e`n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\- p th\u2260- nbp\u2248 P]\u00df- fpw sNm\u221an k\\\\ymk- nI- fpw skan\\\\- mc- n\u00b0- mcpw Ccp\u00ffe\u00df- f- n\u00ac Iq\u00b4a- mbn `\u00a3Ww Ign\u00ae- nc- p\u2202- p. kqcymk- vXa- \\\\- t- \u00d8msS {XnIme- P- ]- \u00d8- n\\\\p aWnb- S- n\u00b0- pt- \u00bam\u0192 ho\u2260pw F\u221amh- c- ps- amc- pa- n- \u00aev IqSn, BgvN-\u00b0m-c\u2265 ASp\u00d8 Znh-k-\u00d8nse ]cn-ip-\u2264s\u201a Xncp-\\\\m\u0192 Adn-bn-\u00ae-tijw \\\"ssZhta! ip\u2264lrZbw F\u2202n\u00ac \\\\n\u00bf\u2126n\u00b0- W- sa! Fs\u201a D\u2248n\u00ac sNm\u2206- p\u2248 Acq]- nsb ]Xn\u220f- n-\u00b0-Wsa'' F\u2202p sNm-\u221ap-Ibpw At\u220fm\u0192 Iq\u00b4w \\\"\\\"Fs\u2202 \\\\ns\u201a ap\u00bamsI \\\\n\u2202p X\u2248n-\u00b0-f-bt\u221a! \\\\ns\u201a ]cn-ip\u2264mcq- 142","]nsb F\u2202n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202p FSp-\u00b0s\u221a'' F\u2202p-\u00d8-cn-\u00b0bpw sN\u00f8p-\u2202p. A\\\\\u00a5- cw \\\"\u2044m\\\\a- p\u00d8- pa- me' F\u2202 ]pkXv Iw hmbn\u00aev [ym\\\\n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. [ym\\\\m\\\\- \u00a5- cw ]oT\u00d8- nt- \u2211\u00ac sagpI- pX- ncn I\u00d8n\u00aev ssZha- mX- mh- ns\u201a ep\u00d8o\\\\- nb- mbpw iZv dv Bemlm F\u2202p XpS\u00df- p\u2202 P]hpw sNm\u221an, P]a- me- b- psS alna- b- psS clk- y\u00df- fpw Xncpa- pd- nh- ns- \u201abpw D\u00d8c- ob amXmh- ns- \u201abpw {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- fpw am\u00bf butk\u220fv ]nXmh- ns\u201a alna- s- b\u00b0- pd- n\u00ae- p\u2248 P]\u00df- fpw sNm\u221a- n\u00b0- g- n\u2122v Kpcp\u00b0- fpw hnZym\u00bf\u221enI- fpw X\u00dff- psS \\\\nP\u00ff- m\\\\- \u00df- f- n\u00ac t]mbn P][- ym\\\\- \u00df- f- nepw ]Tn\u00d8- \u00d8- ne- pa- mbn 10 aWnh- sc t\\\\cw Nneh- g- n- \u00aen-cp-\u2202p. F\u2202m\u00ac A\u00baXpt\\\\m\u00bans\u201a Znh-k-\u00df-fn\u00ac A\u00d8m-g-\u00d8ns\u201a tijw A\u00bf\u2264-cm-{Xn-h-scbpw `\u2021IrXy\u00df- f- psS A\\\\pj- Tv m\\\\- \u00d8- n\u00ac PmKc- qI- \u2211- mc- mbn t\\\\cw Nneh- g- n\u00ae- nc- p\u2202- p. \u2666 k\\\\ym-k-\u00d8n\\\\p XpS\u00b0w 1855 Unkw-_\u00bf 8\\\\v Aa-tem-\u00a4-h-am-Xm-hns\u201a Xncp-\\\\m\u0192 Zn\\\\-\u00d8n\u00ac Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\\\\pw a\u2030p ]\u00d8p-t]cpw A\\\\p-k-c-Ww, {_\u201c-N-cyw, Zmcn{Zyw F\u2202o aq\u2202v {hX-\u00df\u0192 sNbvXv am\u2202m-\\\\\u00d8v HutZym-Kn-I-am-bn- \u00b4p\u2248 k\\\\ym-k-Po-hnXw Bcw-`n-\u00aep. ae-bm-f-cm-Py\u00d8v Hcn-\u00b0epw D\u2260mbn\u00b4n-\u221am\u00d8 Cu BtLm-j- I\u00bf\u2126w ImWp-\u2202-Xn-\\\\mbn ]pd-sa-bp\u2248 ]\u2248n-I-fn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw ]e ]\u00b4-\u00b0mcpw At\\\\Iw P\\\\-\u00dffpw h\u2202p- Iq-Sn-bn-cp-\u2202p. Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 a\u00bfk-eo-t\\\\mkv antkym-\\\\-cn-b-\u00aes\u201a ap\u00bam-sIbpw a\u2030p\u2248 ]\u00d8p-t]\u00bf Nmh- d-b-\u00aes\u201a ap\u00bam-sIbpw X\u00df-fpsS {hX-\u00dfsf ka\u00bf\u220fn-\u00aep, A\u2202p-Xs\u2202 Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 k\\\\ym-k-\u00b0q-\u00b4- \u00d8ns\u201a {]ntbm-cmbn (t{ijvT\u2265) Db\u00bf\u00d8-s\u220f-\u00b4p. BZys\u00d8 {]ntbm\u00bf Bbn-cp-\u2202-Xn-\\\\m\u00ac \\\"henb {]ntbm\u00bf' F\u2202pw At\u00b1lw Adn-b-s\u220f-\u00b4p. A\u2202v kn.Fw.-sF. k` Adn-b-s\u220f-\u00b4Xv \\\"Aa-tem-\u00a4h amXm- hns\u201a Zmk-\u2211m\u00bf' F\u2202m-Wv. (Cu t]cv ]d-bp-hm-\\\\p\u2248 ImcWw Bbn-Sbv\u00b0p amXm-hns\u201a Aa-tem- \u00a4hw hnizm-k-k-Xy-ambn {]Jym-]n-\u00ae-Xp-sIm-\u2260mWv.) k\\\\ymk- {- hX- \u00df- \u0192 A\\\\pj- Tv n\u00ae- h- \u00bf: 1. Nmhd Ipcymt- \u00b0mk- \u00ae- \u2265, 2. tXm\u220fn\u00ac Kohd- pK- ok- \u00ae- \u2265, 3. t]mcq- \u00b0c Ipcymt- \u00b0mk- \u00ae- \u2265, 4. sIm\u00ae- p]- pc- b- \u00b0v \u00ac Ipcy\u00ae- \u2265, 5. ap\u2122\\\\- m\u00b4v a\u00d8mbn A\u00ae\u2265, 6. If\u220f- pc- b- \u00b0v \u00ac a\u00d8mbn A\u00ae\u2265, 7. heymd bmt\u00b0m_- \u00ae\u2265, 8. IWnb- mc- I- \u00d8- p amWnb- \u00ae- \u2265, 9. ]meb- \u00b0v \u00ac Ipcy\u00ae- \u2265, 10. I\u00b4\u00b0- b- \u00d8p Nm\u2260nb\u00ae\u2265, 11. If\u00d8- n\u00ac kIv dnb- m\u00ae- \u2265 F\u2202nh- c- mW- .v Chc- psS {]ntbmc- mb \\\\\u2126psS Nmhd Ipcymt- \u00b0mk- \u00ae- \u2265 k`b- psS N\u00b4{- ]I- mc- a- p\u2248 t]cmbn Ipcymt- \u00b0mkv Genbm F\u2202 \\\\maw FSp\u00b0- bpw A\u2202pa- pX- \u00ac B t]cv At\u00b1l- \u00d8- n\\\\v kz\u00a5a- mbn\u00d8ocpI- bpw sNbXv p. \u2666 aev]m-\u2211m\u00bf 1844 \u00ac hcm\u220f- pg A\u220fk- tv Xme- n\u00b0- b- psS hnImcn Bbnc- p\u2202 _nj\u220fv {^m\u2265knkv tkhnb- \u00bf s]ktv Im- \u00b4, _lp. tXmakv t]mcq\u00b0- c A\u00aes- \\\\bpw Nmhd A\u00aes- \\\\bpw ae]v m\u2265 \u00ffm\\\\t- \u00d8\u00b0v Db\u00bf\u00d8n. 1846 \u00ac hnip\u2264 Nmhd- \u220f- nX- mh- ns\u201a ktv \\\\lnX- \\\\pw kl{- ]h- \u00bf\u00d8I- \\\\- pa- mb- nc- p\u2202 _lp. tXmakv t]mcq- \u00b0c- b- \u00ae- \u2265 \\\\nXyh- n{- ia- \u00d8- n\\\\- mbn hnfn\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- p. arXi- c- ocw am\u2202m\\\\w Ip\u2202n\u00ac kwkIv c- n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- p. _lp. tXmakv ]me-bv\u00b0\u00ac A\u00ae\u2265 1841 P\\\\p-hcn 16 \\\\v ac-W-a-S-bp-Ibpw ]\u2248n-\u220fp-d\u00d8v kwkvI-cn-\u00b0-s\u220f-Sp- Ibpw sNbvXp. \u2666 hnImcn P\\\\-dm\u0192 1861- \u00ac Nmh-d-b-\u00aes\\\\ kpdn-bm-\\\\n-\u00b0m-cpsS hnImcn P\\\\-dmfmbn \\\\nb-an-\u00aep. Nmh-d-b-\u00aes\u201a hmkw am\u2202m\\\\w Bbn-cp-\u2202-Xn-\\\\m\u00ac, kpdn-bm\\\\nk`-bpsS tI{\u00b5hpw am\u2202m\\\\w Bbn-cp-\u2202p. \u2666 tdmt\u00b0mkv ioiva 1861 tabvamkw H\u2265]Xmw XobXn tXmakv tdmt\u00b0mkv F\u2202v t]cp\u2248 Hcp sa{Xm\u2265 am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fm- bpsS A\\\\p-hm-Z-an-\u221amsX _mKvZm-Zn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw ae-_m-dn\u00ac F\u00d8n. ae-_m-dns\\\\ `cn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fm- bpsS A\\\\p-hm-Z-t\u00d8m-Sp-IqSn ]m{Xn-b\u00bf\u00b0okv Ab-\u00ae-Xm-sW\u2202p tdmt\u00b0mkv P\\\\-\u00dfsf sX\u2030n-\u2264-cn-\u220fn- \u00aep. Hcp kzPm-Xo-b-sa-{Xms\\\\ In\u00b4p-hm\u2265 B{K-ln\u00ae kpdn-bm-\\\\n-\u00b0m-cn\u00ac Hcphn`mKw tdmt\u00b0m-kns\\\\ sa{Xm\\\\- mbn AwKoI- c- n\u00b0- pI- bpw sNbXv p. A\u2202v kpdnb- m\\\\- nI- t- \u00d8me- n\u00b0- \u00bf\u00b0v 154 ]\u2248nI- f- mWv D\u2260mb- nc- p- \u2202X- .v Chb- n\u00ac 86 ]\u2248nI- \u0192 ]q\u00bf\u00c6a- mbpw 30 ]\u2248nI- \u0192 `mKnI- a- mbpw At\u00b1l- \u00d8- n\\\\v Iogsv ]\u00b4- p. sam\u00d8w 38 ]\u2248nI- \u0192 am{Xa- mWv tdmt\u00b0mkv sa{Xmt- \\\\ms- Sm\u220fw tNcmsX Nmhd- b- \u00ae- t- \\\\ms- Sm\u220fw \\\\n\u2202nc- p\u2202- X- .v kz\u00a5w PmXnb- n\u00acs\u220f\u00b4 sa{Xms\\\\ e`n\u00ae- m\u00ac P\\\\\u00df- \u0192 Xr]Xv c- mIpw F\u2202p hnNmc- n\u00aev _lp. _\u00bfW\u00bfZot- \\\\mkv sa{Xm- t\u220fme- o\u00d8 k`sb c\u00a3n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- mbn Nmhd A\u00aes\\\\ sa{Xm\\\\- m\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 {ians- \u00ae\u00b6- nepw Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 B \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1iw kzoIc- n\u00ae- n\u221a- . ]Icw tdmt\u00b0mk- ns- \\\\X- nsc ]S s]mc- pX- ph- m\u2265 Nmhdb\u00aes\\\\ kpdnb- m\\\\n k`b- psS hnImcn P\\\\d- mf- mbn sa{Xm\u2265 \\\\nba- n\u00ae- p. hnImcnP\\\\d- mfmb Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 tdmt\u00b0mk- ns- \\\\\u220f- \u2030- nb- p\u2248 hnhc- - \u00df\u0192 am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f- b\u00b0v v FgpX- pI- bpw am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f- b- psS A\\\\ph- mZ- a- n\u221a- ms- Xb- mWv tXmakv tdmt\u00b0mkv tIcf- \u00d8- n\u00ac F\u00d8nb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- s- X\u2202pw a\\\\\u00a0- ne- m\u00b0- n Nmhdb\u00ae\\\\pw Iq\u00b4cpw tdmt\u00b0mk- ns- \\\\X- nsc {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- \u00df- \u0192 Bcw- `n\u00ae- p. kpdnb- m\\\\n It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- sc apgph- \u2265 tdmt\u00b0mk- ns\u201a IpX{- \u00a5\u00df- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw c\u00a3n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 InW\u2122p ]cn{- ia- n\u00ae- p. amk\u00df- t- fmfw tIcf- k- ` {]\u00a3p_- [v a- mb- nc- p\u2202- p. am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f- bpsS A\\\\ph- mZ- a- n\u221a- msX sa{Xm\\\\- Sp\u00d8 I\u00bf\u2126\u00df- \u0192 \\\\S\u00d8- nb tdmt\u00b0mk- ns\\\\ Ahk- m\\\\w alt- dm\u2265 sNm\u221a- pI- bpw sNbXv p. Nmhdb\u00ae-s\u201abpw Iq\u00b4-cp-sSbpw {]h\u00bf\u00d8-\\\\-\u00df-fm\u00ac tdmt\u00b0m-kns\u201a I\u2248-\u00d8-c-\u00df-sf\u221amw P\\\\-\u00df\u0192 a\\\\-\u00a0n-em\u00b0n. KXy-\u00a5-c-an-\u221amsX tdmt\u00b0mkv Xncn-sI-t\u220fm-Ip-hm\u2265 k\u2202-\u2264-\\\\m-bn. I\u220f-en\u00ac bm{X sN\u00f8p- hm\u2265 bm{Xm-\u00b0qen X\u2202m\u00ac Xm\u2265 aS\u00dfn t]mbn-s\u00b0m-\u2248m-sa\u2202v tdmt\u00b0mkv Nmhdb\u00ae-t\\\\mSv At]- \u00a3n-\u00aep. Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 tdmt\u00b0m-kn\\\\v bm{Xm-\u00b0qen sIm-Sp-\u00b0p-Ibpw tdmt\u00b0m-kns\\\\ P\\\\-\u00df-fpsS B{I- 143","a-W-\u00df-fn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw c\u00a3-s]-Sp\u00d8n I\u220f\u00ac Ib\u2030n Ab-bv\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXp. tXmakv tdmt\u00b0m-kn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw k`sb c\u00a3n\u00ae Nmhd A\u00ae-s\\\\bpw Iq\u00b4-scbpw ]cn-ip\u2264 H\u2265]Xmw ]obqkv am\u00bf]m\u220fm {]iw-kn\u00aev I\u00d8v Ab-bv\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS ap\u2265 taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv I\u00bf\u00b1n-\\\\m\u0192 A`n-h\u00b5y am\u00bf h\u00bf\u00b0n hnX- b-\u00d8n\u00ac ]nXm-hns\u201a hm\u00b0p-I-fn\u00ac: \\\"\\\"kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bnse F\u221am AwK-\u00df-fp-sSbpw ta\u00ac A[n-Im-c-ap-\u2260m-bn-cp\u2202 hnImcn P\\\\-dmfmbn-cp\u2202p Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265. (A\u2202v kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`bv\u00b0v shdpw 154 ]\u2248n-I\u0192 am{Xw). C\u2202v ssZh-]-cn-]m-e-\\\\-bn\u00ac kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS A\u2264y-\u00a3-\\\\mbn ssZhw Fs\u2202 Xnc-s\u2122- Sp-\u00d8n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202p. Hc\u00bf\u221e-\u00d8n\u00ac Rm\u2265 Nmhd A\u00aes\u201a ]n\u2265Km-an-bmWv'' (Footprints of Holiness, souvenir, 2014). \\\"\\\"Nmhdb\u00aes\u201a [ochpw i\u2021-hp-amb \\\\ne-]m-Sn-\u221am-bn-cp-\u2202p-sh-\u00b6n\u00ac am\u00bft\u00d8m-\u2126m-\u00abo-lm-bm\u00ac \u00ffm]n-X-amb tIc-f-\u00d8nse \\\\{km-Wn-k` hgn-sX-\u2030n-t\u220fm-hp-Itbm, C\u221am-Xm-hp-Itbm sN\u00f8p-am- bn-cp\u2202p F\u2202 Ncn{XhkvXp-X \\\\mw {]tXyIw kvacn-t\u00b0-\u2260n-bn-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202p. A\\\\p-{K-lo-X-amb Xqen- I-sIm\u2260pw Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 k`sb tkhn\u00aep.'' (Deepika souvenir, 2004) kotdm ae-_m\u00bf k`bv\u00b0pth-\u2260n-bp\u2248 Nmh-d-b-\u00aes\u201a {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ tdmt\u00b0mkv ioiva-\u00b0m-e\u00d8v Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 FgpXn {]kn-\u2264o-I-cn\u00ae P]w: \\\"\\\"P\u2211-]m-]-an-\u221amsX D\u00a4- hn\u00ae adn-b-ta, Xncp-\u00a0-`\u00b0p t\\\\cn\u00b4 F\u221am \\\\mi-\u00df-sfbpw \\\\o\u00b0nb amXm-th, ]p\u00d8-\\\\m-bn\u00b4p apf-\u00aep- \u2260m-Ip\u2202 ioiva Cu Xncp-k-`sb Ie-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 X\u00b0-h\u00c6w \\\\o ssIhn-S-cp-tX. ip\u2264-am\\\\ ]t{Xm- kns\u201a A[n-Imcw, ip\u2264 am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fmbv\u00b0v apgp-h- -\\\\mb Iogvhg\u00b0w F\u2202pw F\u221am-bn-S\u00d8pw \\\\S-\u2202p-h- cp-hm\u2265 \\\\o Ir] sN\u00f8-Wta.'' \u2666 A\\\\-kvXm-kym-bpsS c\u2021-km\u00a3yw ae-bmf `mj-bnse BZy JWvU-Im-hy-amb A\\\\-kvXm-kym-bpsS c\u2021-km\u00a3yw tdmt\u00b0mkv ioiva- bpsS Ime\u00d8v Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 Fgp-Xn-b-X-t{X. hnizm-kn-I\u0192 Ah-cpsS It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-hn-izm-k-\u00d8n\u00ac F\u00a5phne sImS- p\u00d8pw ASnb- pd- \u00aep \\\\n\u00ac\u00b0ph- m\u2265 P\\\\\u00df- \u0192- \u00b0v {]tNmZ- \\\\w \\\\\u00acIph- m\\\\- mWv Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 Cu IhnX Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. kotdm ae-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS kwc-\u00a3-W-\u00d8n\\\\pw kp\u00ffn-Xn-\u00b0p-ambn am\u2202m\\\\w Ip\u2202n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw Nmh-d-\u220fn-Xmhpw kn.-Fw.-sF. k`-bnse a\u2030p ]nXm-\u00b0-\u2211mcpw am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fm-bv\u00b0pw AXyp-\u2202X I\u00bf\u00b1n- \\\\m\u0192am\u00bf\u00b0pw Fgp-Xnb I\u00d8pI-fnse Npcp\u00b0w Nne hnh-c-\u00df\u0192: 1. tXmakv tdmt\u00b0mkv (tdm-t\u00b0mkv ioiva) F\u2202-bm\u0192 am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fm-bpsS A\\\\p-hm-Z-t\u00d8m-Sp-Iq-Sn- bmtWm tIc-f-\u00d8n-se-\u00d8n-bXv F\u2202v am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fm-tbm-Sp-Xs\u2202 Is\u00d8-gpXn At\\\\z-jn-\u00b0p-I-bpw, am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fm-bpsS A\\\\p-hm-Z-an-\u221am-sX-bmWv Abm\u0192 tIc-f-\u00d8n-se-\u00d8n-bXv F\u2202-dn\u2122v AXn-s\\\\- Xnsc ]S-s]m-cp-Xp-I-bpw -sN-bvXp. (Nm-hd ]nXmhv kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS BZys\u00d8 hnIm- cn-P-\\\\-dm-fm-bn-cp-\u2202p.) 2. taeqkv sa{Xm\u2265 (ta-eqkv ioiva) am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fm-bpsS A\\\\p-hm-Z-t\u00d8m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmtWm kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`sb `cn-\u00b0p-hm-s\\\\-\u00d8n-bXv F\u2202v kn.-Fw.sF k`-bpsS c\u2260m-as\u00d8 {]ntbm\u00bf P\\\\-dmfpw, kotdm- \u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS c\u2260m-as\u00d8 hnImcn P\\\\-dm-fp-am-bn-cp\u2202 t]mcq-\u00b0c Ipcym-t\u00b0mkv Geo-im- \u00ae\u2265 am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fmbv\u00b0v Is\u00d8-gp-Xp-Ibpw am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fm-bpsS A\\\\p-hm-Z-t\u00d8m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b\u221a taeqkv tIc-f- \u00d8n-se-\u00d8n-bXv F\u2202v Adn-bn\u220fv e`n-\u00ae-Xn-s\\\\bpw XpS\u00bf\u2202v taeq-kn-s\\\\-Xnsc ]S-s]m-cpXn k`sb kwc-\u00a3n-\u00aep. 3. hn. At\u00a5m\\\\- ok- ns\u201a k\\\\ymk- k- `- b- n\u00acs\u220f\u00b4 c\u2260v k\\\\ymk- s- shZ- nI- \u00bf hnizmk- nI- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v [\u00bf\u2126w ]ncn\u00b0- ph- ms- \\\\\u2202 hymtP\\\\ tIcf- \u00d8- ns- e\u00d8- pI- bp\u2260- mb- n. Bcw`- \u00d8- n\u00ac Ah\u00bf \\\\\u221ah- s- c\u2202p ImW- s\u220fS- pI- bpw F\u2202m\u00ac XpS\u00bf\u2202p\u2248 Ahc- psS {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- \u00df- fpw ]\u2248nb- n\u00ac A\u00bf\u220fn\u00b0- p\u2202 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- bpw Gh\u00bf\u00b0pw `b\u00d8- n\\\\p ImcW- a- mbn\u00d8ocpI- bpw sNbvXp. CXns- \\\\X- nsc Nmhd- \u220f- nX- mhv am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f- mbv\u00b0v FgpX- nb- Xv: \\\"\\\"taem\u00ac ]m{Xnb- \u00bf\u00b0ok- ns\u201a Fgp\u00d8- n\u221ams- Xtbm A\\\\ph- mZ- a- n\u221amsXtbm GsX\u00b6- nepw sa{Xm\\\\- mI- s- \u00b4, sshZnI- c- mI- s\u00b4 Ahns- S\\\\- n\u2202pw R\u00dff- psS CSb- nt- e\u00b0v Bscbpw Abb- v\u00b0c- pX- v. CXv Aht- cmS- p\u2248 shdp\u220f- ps- Imt- \u2260m, hntcm[- ws- Imt\u2260m A\u221a. ]ns\u2202tbm C{]I- mcw Abb- v\u00b0s- \u220f- Sp\u2202hc- psS km\u2202n\u2264yw R\u00dff- psS k`ma- \u00b0- f- psS B\ufb02\\\\- mi- \u00d8- n\\\\pw Ahc- ps- Sb- nS- b- n\u00ac hg\u00b0n\\\\pw ]nf\u00bf\u220fn\\\\pw CSs- ImS- p\u00b0- p\u2202- p...'' 4. s{]m-\u220f-Km\u00a5v Xncp-kw-L-\u00d8ns\u201a A\u2264y-\u00a3\u2265 Ae-Ivkm-\u2260\u00bf _\u00bfW-_mbv\u00b0v Nmh-d-\u220fn-Xmhv Fgp- Xp-\u2202Xv: \\\"\\\"Ipsd Gsd \\\\mfp-I-fmbn hnizm-kn-Ifpw sshZn-Icpw R\u00df-fpsS hnImcn A\u220f-kvtXm- en\u00b0m _\u00bfW\u00bfZo-t\\\\mkv sa{Xm-t\u220fm-eo-\u00d8m-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw AI-\u2202p-sIm-\u2260n-cn-\u00b0p-I-bm-Wv. ImcWw: At\u00b1-l-\u00d8ns\u201a Iev]-\\\\-I\u0192 I\u00bf\u00b0-ihpw \\\\nb-a-\u00df\u0192 {Iam-Xo-X-hp-am-Wv. R\u00df-fpsS hnizm-kn- I\u0192\u00b0pw sshZn-I\u00bf\u00b0pw Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-\u00d8ns\u201a _e-lo-\\\\-Xbpw D]-hn-bpsS t]mcm-bvIbpw \\\\nan\u00d8w CXp a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0m\u2265 km[n-\u00b0p-\u2202n-\u221a. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac lrZ-bw-Xp-d\u2202p Rm\u2265 ]d-bp-I-bmWv thsdmcp sa{Xm\u2265, AXm-b-Xv, sIm\u221aw hnImcn A\u220f-kvtXm-en\u00b0m Im\u00bftemkv sa{Xmt\\\\m As\u221a- \u00b6n\u00ac At\u00df\u00b0v \\\\\u221a-sX\u2202p tXm\u2202p\u2202 thsd Bsc-\u00b6n-eptam ChnsS hcp-\u2202n-s\u221a-\u00b6n\u00ac hnip\u2264 144","]\u2248nb- psS aSnb- nt- e\u00b0v Ch\u00bf Xncn\u00ae- ph- c- n\u221a- . ta\u220fSn sa{Xms\\\\ apS\u00b0p I\u00ac\u220fn\u00ae- m\u00ac Xs\u2202bpw hyXym- k-ap-\u2260m-Ip-sa\u2202p tXm\u2202p-\u2202n-\u221a. Cu At]\u00a3 I\u00acZm-b-\u00b0m-tcm-Sp\u2248 R\u00df-fpsS Nm\u00aen-se\u2202v A\u00dfv sX\u2030n-\u2264-cn-\u00b0-cp-Xv. I\u00acZm-b-\u00b0m-cpsS `c-Ww-sIm\u2260v R\u00df-fpsS k`bv\u00b0v bmsXmcp D]-Im-chpw D\u2260m-bn-\u00b4n-\u221a.'' 5. AXyp-\u2202X I\u00bf\u00b1n-\\\\m\u0192 s{]m-\u220f-Km\u00a5m Xncp-kw-L-\u00d8ns\u201a A\u2264y-\u00a3\\\\v; kpdn-bm\\\\n Imt\\\\m\u2265 P]-\u220fp- kvXIw ]cn-tim-[n\u00aev AwKo-I-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202Xn\\\\v At]-\u00a3n-\u00b0p-\u2202p. (ko-tdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bnse F\u221am aev]m-\u2211m-scbpw Iq\\\\-\u2126m-hn\u00ac hnfn-\u00aep-Iq\u00b4n Ah-cpsS ]cn-tim-[-\\\\bpw A`n-{]m-b-\u00dffpw kzoI-cn-\u00ae- Xn-\\\\p-ti-j-amWv AwKo-Im-c-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn At]-\u00a3n-\u00ae-Xv.) 6. ZpxJi-\\\\n-bmgvN {Ia-\u00df\u0192 ko-tdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bn\u00ac \\\\ne-\\\\n-\u2202n-cp-\u2202n-\u221a. Bb-Xn-\\\\m\u00ac ZpxJi-\\\\n- bmgvN {Ia\u00df- \u0192 t{ImUoI- c- n\u00aev kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- n\u00ac \\\\S\u220f- ne- m\u00b0- m\u2265 A\\\\ph- mZ- \u00d8- n\\\\- mbn At]- \u00a3n-\u00b0p-\u2202p. 7. hn. Ip\u00bf-_m-\\\\-bn\u00ac tbml-\u2202ms\u201a kphn-ti-j-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202p\u2248 \\\"BZn-bn\u00ac hN\\\\w D\u2260m-bn-cp-\u2202p....' F\u2202p XpS-\u00dfp\u2202Xv R\u00df-fpsS Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bn\u00ac hmbn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 A\\\\p-hm-Z-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn At]-\u00a3n- \u00b0p-\u2202p. 8. km[mc- W Znhk- \u00df- f- n\u00ac hn. Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- n\u00ac [q]\u00d8- ns\u201a D]t- bmKw hfsc hnja- \u00df- \u0192 krjSv n\u00b0- p- \u2202p. BIb- m\u00ac hntijZnh- k- \u00df- f- nepw BtLmj- a- mb Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- nepw Hgn\u00aep [q]\u00d8- ns\u201a D]t- bmKw Dt]\u00a3- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\- p\u2248 A\\\\ph- mZ- \u00d8- n\\\\- mbn Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 At]\u00a3- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. 9. B\u2260p-h\u00b4w apgp-h-\\\\n-ep-ap-ff Imt\\\\m-\\\\ -\\\\-a-kvImcw P]n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\p\u2248 A\\\\p-hm-Z-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn Nmh-d- b-\u00ae\u2265 At]-\u00a3- n-\u00b0p-\u2202p. 10. s{]m-\u220f-Km\u00a5m Xncp-kw-L-\u00d8ns\u201a A\u2264y-\u00a3\u2265 Ae-Ivkm-\u2260\u00bf _\u00bfW-_mbv\u00b0v Nmhd-b-\u00ae\u2265 Fgp- Xp-\u2202Xv: \\\"\\\"R\u00df\u0192 tXm\u2126m-\u00abo-lm-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw hnizmkw kzoI-cn\u00ae am\u00bft\u00d8m\u2126m {InkvXym-\\\\n-I-fm- Wv. At\\\\Iw sIm-\u221a-\u00df-fmbn R\u00df\u0192\u00b0p kz\u00a5w sa{Xm-\\\\n-\u221a. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac AXyp-\u2202X Xncp-ta-\\\\o, \\\\\u221a-sX\u2202p F\\\\n\u00b0p tXm\u2202p\u2202 Hcp kwKXn Adn-bn-\u00b0p-I-bm-Wv. ChnsS c\u2260v sa{Xm-\u2211m\u00bf D\u2260m- Ip-\u2202Xv \\\\\u221a-Xm-Wv. H\u2202v e\u00d8o\u2265 k`bv\u00b0pw as\u2030m\u2202v kpdn-bm\\\\n k`-bv\u00b0pw. CXv D]-Im-c-{]-Z-am- bn-cn-\u00b0p-sa\u2202p am{X-a\u221a, bmt\u00b0m-_-\u00b0m-sc\u2202v Adn-b-s\u220f-Sp\u2202 AI-t\u00d8m-en-\u00b0\u00bf R\u00df-fpsS c\u2021- kw-_-\u2018n-Ifpw _\u2018p-\u00b0-fp-ambn At\\\\-I-cp-\u2260v. Ah\u00bf X\u00df-fpsS ioiva Dt]-\u00a3n\u00aev It\u00d8m-en\u00b0m sFIy-\u00d8n-te\u00b0v Xncn\u00aephcp-hm\u2265 CXp klm-bn-\u00b0p-Ibpw sN\u00f8pw.' 11. ]\u2248n-bpsS ]pd-t\u00d8\u00b0v ]cn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bpsS {]Z-\u00a3nWw \\\\S-\u00d8p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 A\\\\p-hm-Z-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn hcm- \u220fpg hnImcn A\u220f-kvtXm-en\u00b0 epZ-hn-t\u00b0mkv sa{Xm-t\u220fm-eo-\u00d8m-tbmSv Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 At]-\u00a3n-\u00b0p- \u2202p. 12. Xncpl- rZ- b- `- \u2021n {]Nc- n\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\v kpdnb- m\\\\n k`b- n\u00ac Xncpl- rZ- b- k- ` \u00ffm]n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\v henb Nm\u2260nb- \u00ae- s\\\\ Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 A\\\\ph- Z- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. 13. kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bv\u00b0mbn \\\\\u221a sshZn-Isc ]cn-io-en-\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\mbn Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 am\u2202m-\\\\- \u00d8m-cw-`n\u00ae BZy skan-\\\\m-cn-bpsS ]Wn-I\u0192 ]q\u00bf\u00d8o-I-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\mbn 1850\u02db\u00ac F\u221am ]\u2248n-I- fn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw klmbw A`y\u00bf\u221en-\u00aep-sIm\u2260v k\u00bf\u00b0p-e-dp-I\u0192 Ab-bv\u00b0p-\u2202p. 14. tdmt\u00b0mkv sa{Xm-s\\\\-Xnsc k`sb kwc-\u00a3n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\mbn F\u221am ]\u2248n-I-fn-te\u00b0pw Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 k\u00bf\u00b0p-e-dp-Ifpw {]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\-Ifpw Ab-bv\u00b0p-\u2202p. 15. 1869 s^{_p-hcn amk-\u00d8n\u00ac kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bn\u00ac Imt\\\\m\\\\ \\\\a-kvImcw BZy-ambn A\u00ae-Sn- \u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-s\\\\-\u220f-\u2030nbpw Bb-Xns\u201a hnX-c-Whpw a\u2030pw kw_-\u2018n\u00aev F\u221am ]f-fn-I-fn-te\u00b0pw I\u00d8-b- bv\u00b0p-\u2202p. 16. IpSpw_- \u00df- f- psS kp\u00ffnX- n\u00b0- mbn Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 Nmhc- p\u0192 (Hcp \\\\\u221a A\u220fs\u201a Nmhc- p\u0192) FgpX- p\u2202- p. \u2666 \\\\mev doPn-b-\\\\p-I\u0192 `cW- k- uI- cyw ASn\u00ff- m\\\\- a- m\u00b0n Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 kpdnb- m\\\\n It\u00d8me- n\u00b0m kaql- s\u00d8 \\\\mep doPnb- - \\\\pI- f- m\u00b0- n\u00d8- nc- n\u00ae- p. Hmtcm doPnb- \\\\pw Hmtcm Z\u220fpZ- mcn (U]- yq\u00b4n Hm^v hnIm\u00bf P\\\\d- \u00ac) s\u201a Iogne- m\u00b0- n. {]kn\u2264- cpw ]WvUnX- c- pa- mb k\\\\ymk sshZnI- c- mb- nc- p\u2202p Z\u220fpZ- m\u00bfam\u00bf- . \\\\mev]t- Xmfw ]\u2248nI- f- mWv Hmtcm Z\u220fpZ- md- ns- \u201abpw Iognep\u2260mb- nc- p\u2202- X- v. \u2666 kwkvIrX kvIq\u0192 1846\u02db\u00ac am\u2202m\\\\- \u00d8v Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 kwkIv rX kIv q\u0192 Bcw`- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 am\u2202m\\\\- \u00d8v Bcw- `n\u00aev \\\\S\u00d8- nh- \u2202 kwkIv rX hnZyme- b- s- \u00d8\u220f- \u2030n _lp. ]md\u220f- pd- \u00d8v h\u00bf\u00b0n A\u00ae\u2265 C{]I- mcw FgpX- nb- n- cn\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Cu kabw H\u220fn\u00aev am\u2202m\\\\w B{ia- t- \u00d8mSv tN\u00bf\u2202v Hcp kwkIv rX kIv qfpw \u00ffm]n\u00ae- n\u00b4- p\u2260- mb- nc- p- \u2202p. AXn\u00ac Cu B{ia- \u00d8- nse sshZnI- cpw kao]- a- p\u2248 \u00ffe\u00df- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw Ip\u00b4nI- \u0192 tN\u00bf\u2202v ]Tn\u00ae- nc- p- \u2202p. CXns\u201a \\\\S\u00d8- n\u220f- n\\\\- mbn Xriqc- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw hmcycv PmXnb- n\u00acs\u220f\u00b4 Hcp hm\u2264ymsc hcp\u00d8- nb- nc- p\u2202- p. Cbm\u0192 aeb- mf- `- mj- b- nepw kwkIv rX- `- mj- b- nepw hfsc ka\u00bf\u221e\\\\mb- nc- p\u2202- p. 1865\u02db\u00ac Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 kpdn- bm\\\\- n\u00b0- mc- psS hnImcn P\\\\d- mfmbnc- p\u2202 Ime\u00d8- ,v hnZym`- ymk {]Nmc- m\u00bf\u221ew Ab\u00ae Hcp Ie]v \\\\ ae\u00b6- c- - k`- sb hnZym`- ymk {]_p\u2264- a- m\u00b0- m\\\\- p\u2248 BZys\u00d8 IrXya- mb- nc- p\u2202- p. \\\"\\\"am\u2202m\\\\- \u00d8v Cu Ipt\u2202\u00ac kIv q\u0192 145","]Wn XpS\u00df- pI- bpw B\u00bf\u220fq\u00b0- c Xpcp\u00d8- pame- nb- psS Ipt\u2202\u00ac ]peb- cv am\u00bf\u00a7w IqSp\u2202- h- \u00bf\u00b0v It\u220ff- bpw AtXmSv tN\u00bf\u00d8v ksv Imf- bpw ]Wnb- p\u2202- X- n\\\\v \u00ffew I\u2260p \\\\n\u203ab- n\u00ae- p. ]\u2248nIf- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw {]amW- nI- - fn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw hoXw FSp\u00d8p kaot] ]Xnt- \\\\g- c ]d\u00b0v ]p\u00a9\u220f- mSw Xodv FgpX- n am\u2202m\\\\w sImt- h\u00a5- - bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw \\\\S\u00d8- W- s- a\u2202v Ie]v \\\\- bpw sImS- p\u00d8- p. CSh- I- I- \u0192tXmdpw ]\u2248n\u00b0- qS- \u00df- \u0192 Bcw`- n\u00b0- W- - sa\u2202pw A\u221am\u00d8- ]- \u00a3w ]\u2248na- pS- \u00b0v Ie]v n\u00b0- ps- a\u2202pw k\u00bf\u00b0pe- d- n\u00ac ]d\u2122- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p (am\u2202m\\\\w \\\\mfmK- - aw, vol. 3, page 90). \u2666 hnizm-k-]-cn-io-e-\\\\-tI{\u00b5w 1853 \u00ac Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 am\u2202m-\\\\w-Ip-\u2202n\u00ac kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bv\u00b0mbn Hcp hnizm-k-]-cn-io-e-\\\\- tI{\u00b5w Bcw-`n-\u00aep. It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-k-`-bpsS {]t_m-[-\\\\-\u00dffpw ]T-\\\\-\u00dffpw kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bnse hnizm-kn-Isf ]Tn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\pw, \\\\{kmWn ]mc-\u00ba-cy-\u00d8ns\u201a alXzw a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0n-s\u00b0m-Sp-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw hnizm-kn-I\u0192\u00b0v tbip-hn-ep\u2248 hnizm-ks\u00d8 Bg-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8p-hm-\\\\p-am-bn-cp\u2202p C\u00df-s\\\\-bp\u2248 Hcp ]cn- io-e-\\\\-tI-{\u00b5-\u00d8ns\u201a e\u00a3y-\u00df\u0192. \u2666 \\\\\u2211-c-W-kJyw 1843-\u02db\u00ac Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 am\u2202m-\\\\-\u00d8p-\\\\n\u2202pw Ab\u00ae \\\"\\\\\u2211-cW kJy-s\u00d8-\u00b0p-dn-\u00aep\u2248' Hcp k\u00bf\u00b0p-e- dn\u00ac \\\"\\\"Cutim, adnbw, butk\u220fv F\u2202 Cu aq\u2202v \\\\ma-\u00d8n-t\u2211\u00ac `\u2021n-bmbn ip. am\u00bf bqtk\u220fp ]pWy- hm-fs\u201a Xncp-\\\\m-fmb ao\\\\-amkw ]s\u00d8m\u2265]Xmw XobXnhsc {]m\u00bf\u221en-\u00aep-sIm\u2260v Hcp ]pcpj\\\\pw Hcp kv{Xo\u00b0pw Hcp ss]X-en\\\\pw bmh-\\\\bpw (`-\u00a3-Ww) DSp\u220fpw Imew -tXmdpw sIm-Sp\u00d8p Cub- \u00aemcw ]p\u00d8-\\\\m\u00b0n sIm-\u2248p-Ibpw thWw'' F\u2202p Fgp-Xp-\u2202p. \\\"\\\"\\\\S sImS'' F\u2202t{X Cu `\u2021m-`ym- ks\u00d8 hnfn-\u00aen-cp-\u2202-Xv. hoSns\u201a \\\\S-bn\u00ac Ccp\u00d8n `\u00a3-Whpw hkv{Xhpw sIm-Sp-\u00b0p\u2202 ]Xn-hm-bn- cp\u2202p CXv. Cu `\u2021m-`ym-k-amWv ]n\u2202oSv kpdn-bm\\\\n ]\u2248n-I-fn\u00ac am\u00bf\u00aev amkw 19-\u02dbmw XobXn \\\\\u00acIp\u2202 Du\u00b4p-t\\\\\u00bf\u00ae-bmbn ]cn-W-an-\u00ae-Xv. \u2666 {]n\u201anwKv {]\u00a0v 1846\u02db\u00ac Xs\u2202 am\u2202m-\\\\\u00d8v Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 {]n\u201anwKv {]\u00a0pw Bcw-`n-\u00aep. P\\\\-\u00df\u0192\u00b0v {]m\u00bf\u221en-\u00b0p- hm\\\\pw hmbn\u00aep hf-cp-hm\\\\pw ]pkvX-I-\u00df\u0192 Bh-iy-am-sW\u2202v a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0nb Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 Hcp {]\u00a0v \\\\n\u00bf\u2126n-s\u00ae-Sp-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 {ia-\u00df\u0192 Bcw-`n-\u00aep. A\u2202v tIc-f-\u00d8n\u00ac c\u2260v {]\u00a0p-Isfbp\u2248p; tIm\u00b4-bs\u00d8 kn.Fw.-F-kv. {]\u00a0pw, Xncp-h-\\\\-\u00a5-]p-cs\u00d8 Kh. {]\u00a0pw. tIm\u00b4-bs\u00d8 {]\u00a0ns\u201a {]h\u00bf\u00d8-\\\\-\u00df\u0192 I\u2260p ]Tn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 {ian-s\u00ae-\u00b6nepw AXn\\\\p km[n-\u00b0m-\u00d8-Xn-\\\\m\u00ac, Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 Xncp-h-\\\\-\u00a5-]p-cw-hsc Imf-h-\u2260n-bn\u00ac bm{X sNbvXv Kh. {]\u00a0n\u00ac Ibdn AXns\u201a {]h\u00bf\u00d8-\\\\-\u00df\u0192 I\u2260p a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0n. AXns\u201a amXrI Hcp hmg-\u220fn-\u2260n-bn\u00ac D\u2260m\u00b0n am\u2202m\\\\\u00d8psIm-\u2260p-h-cn-Ibpw Bim-cn-sb-s\u00b0m\u2260v XSn-bn\u00ac Hcp {]\u00a0v \\\\n\u00bf\u2126n-\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu {]\u00a0v C\u2202pw am\u2202m-\\\\\u00d8v ]qPy-ambn kq\u00a3n-\u00b0p-\u2202p. \u2044m\\\\-]o-bqjamWv Cu {]\u00a0n\u00ac A\u00ae-Sn\u00ae BZy ]pkvXIw. tIm\u00b4bw kn.Fw.-F-kv. {]\u00a0n\u00ac tPmen sNbvXn-cp\u2202 Hcp ]m\u2260n-\u00d8-\u00b4m-\\\\mWv A\u00a3-c-\u00df\u0192 NXpc hSn-bn\u00ac hm\u00bf\u00d8v sIm-Sp-\u00d8Xv. Xncp- h-\\\\-\u00a5-]p-cs\u00d8 {]\u00a0n\u00ac tPmen sNbvXn-cp\u2202 Ipcy\u2265 F\u2202 BfmWv {]n\u201anwKv tPmen-I\u0192 sNbvXn-cp- \u2202X- v. t_mws_b- n\u00ac t]mbn ]Tn\u00aep h\u2202 Hcp sIm\u00ae- n\u00b0- mc- \u2265 bqZ\\\\- mWv ]pkvXI- \u00df- \u0192 _b\u201a v sNbvXn- cp-\u2202-Xv. {]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\m-]p-kvX-I-\u00df\u0192, Zo]nI Zn\\\\-\u220f-{Xw, I\u00bf\u2126-e-Ip-kp-aw, \\\\nXym-cm-[-\\\\, Ir]m-\\\\n-[n, {]m\u00bf\u221e- \\\\m-a-RvP-cn, thtZm-]-tZi kwt\u00a3-]w, amXm-hns\u201a hW-\u00b0-amkw, butk\u220fv ]nXm-hns\u201a hW-\u00b0-am- kw, Xncp-lr-Zb hW-\u00b0-am-kw, ip\u2264o-I-cW hW-\u00b0-am-kw, Ipcn-ins\u201a hgn, \\\\h-\\\\m\u0192 {]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\-I\u0192, {XnZn\\\\ {]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\-I\u0192, tZmj-s\u220fm-dpXn {]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\-I\u0192, Znhy-Im-cpWy `\u2021n, kIe hnip-\u2264-tcm-Sp- ap\u2248 `\u2021n, am\u2202m\\\\w ss__n\u0192, bma {]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\-I\u0192 XpS\u00dfn tIcfk`-bv\u00b0p-th\u2260 F\u221am {]m\u00bf\u221e- \\\\m-]p-kvX-I-\u00dffpw Cu {]\u00a0n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw A\u00ae-Sn-\u00aen-d-\u00dfn. ]n\u2202oSv ae-bm-f-`m-j-bnse BZy Zn\\\\-]-{X- amb Zo]n-Ibpw BZy ss{IkvXh IpSpw_ amkn-I-bmb I\u00bf\u2126e Ipkp-ahpw Cu {]\u00a0n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw A-\u00ae-Sn-\u00aen-d-\u00dfn. \u2666 am\u2202m\\\\w ]\u2248n-bnse A\u0192\u00d8mc am\u2202m\\\\w ]\u2248nb- nse {][m\\\\ A\u0192\u00d8mc- bv\u00b0p e`n\u00ae {]tXyI B\\\\pI- qeyw: ]cn. H\u2265]Xmw ]obqkv am\u00bf\u220fm\u220fm, 1860\u02db\u00ac Nmhdb\u00aes\u201a At]-\u00a3-{]-Imcw, tdm\u2126mbv\u00b0v t]mbn-cp\u2202 sIm\u221aw hnImcn A\u220f- kvtXm-en\u00b0 Im\u00bft\u221amkv sa{Xm-\\\\-\u00ae\u2265 hgn \\\"kzbw-hc ]oTw' ({]nhn-te-Pnbw) F\u2202 ]Zhn am\u2202m\\\\w ]\u2248n-bnse henb A\u0192\u00d8m-cbv\u00b0p \\\\\u00acIp-I-bp-\u2260m-bn. Cu A\\\\p-hmZw imiz-X-am-bn-\u00b4p-\u2248-Xm-Wv. CXns\u201a {]tXy-I-X-I\u0192: Cu A\u0192\u00d8mcbn\u00ac hn. Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ A\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p\u2202 sshZn-I-\\\\pw, hnizm-kn- I\u0192\u00b0pw ]q\u00bf\u00c6 Z\ufb01-hn-tam-N\\\\hpw {]tXyI A\\\\p-{K-l-\u00dffpw e`n-\u00b0pw. {][m-\\\\-ambn ac-W-a-S-\u2122- h\u00bf\u00b0p-th\u2260n hn. Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ A\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192- A-h-cpsS B\ufb02mhv F\u221am ]m]-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw tamNn-X- cmbn kz\u00bf\u00a7`mKyw t\\\\Sp-Ibpw sN\u00f8pw. \u2666 am\u2202m\\\\w ]\u2248n aWn am\u2202m\\\\w ]\u2248nb- nse ]\u2248na- W- ns- b\u220f- \u2030n Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 ]db- p\u2202- Xv: am\u2202m\\\\- s\u00d8 ]\u2248na- Wn\u00b0v Nmhd- - b\u00ae- \u2265 \\\\\u00acInb t]cv \\\"butk\u220fv' F\u2202t- {X. {]tXyIw A`nt- jIw sN\u00f8s- \u220f\u00b4 ]\u2248na- W- nb- mWv CXv. 146","1857 s^{_ph- c- na- mkw 9 \\\\p Cu ]\u2248na- Wn A`nt- jIw sNbvXp. ]\u2248na- Wn Bcm[- \\\\ kab- \u00df- \u0192 Adn- bn\u00b0- pI am{Xa- \u221a- , B ]\u2248na- W- nb- psS kzcw tI\u0192\u00b0p\u2202 Zn\u00b0ne- p\u2248 P\\\\\u00df- \u0192\u00b0v ]e at\\\\mK- pW- \u00df- \u0192 D- \u2260- mI- p\u2202- Xpw, ]m]nI- \u0192 ]m]\u00df- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw ]n\u00a5nc- nb- pI- b- pw, ]nimN- p]- oU- I- \u0192, CSna- n\u2202- \u00ac, s]cp- \u00b6m\u2030- v, Ben\u220f- g- w, hk\u00a5- I- \u0192 apXe- mb D]{- Zh- \u00df- \u0192 B CS\u00df- f- n\u00ac D\u2260mh- pI- b- ns- \u221a\u2202pw Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 ]d-bp-\u2202p. \u2666 hn. Nmh-d-\u220fn-Xmhv ASn-\u00ffm-\\\\-in-e-bn\u00b4 tZhm-e-b-\u00df\u0192 hn. sk_-kvXym-t\\\\m-kns\u201a tZhm-ebw ({im\u00ban-\u00b0\u00ac ]\u2248n), ]\u2248n-t\u00d8mSv \u02db1830 hn. At\u00a5m-\\\\okns\u201a tZhm-e-bw, No\u220fp-\u00b6\u00ac \u02db 1837 hn. {^m\u2265ko-kns\u201a tZhm-e-bw, I\u00c6-\u00b6c \u02db 1842 skan-t\u00d8cn ]\u2248n, sk\u201a v tPm\u00bf\u00f7v tZhm-e-bw, FSXz \u02db 1842 hn. s\\\\]p\u2265kym\u2265kv tZhm-e-bw, Ipa-cIw \u02db 1843 hn. Koh\u00bf\u00a7okv tZhm-e-bw, am\u2265sh\u00b4w \u02db 1843 hn. Koh\u00bf\u00a7okns\u201a tZhm-e-bw, ap\u00b4m\u00bf \u02db 1850 hn. {^m\u2265ko-kns\u201a tZhm-e-bw, hn\u221aq\u2202n \u02db 1852 hn. At\u00a5m-\\\\okns\u201a tZhm-e-bw, Xmb-\u00b6cn \u02db 1864 hn. I\\\\y-Im-a-dn-b-\u00d8ns\u201a tZhm-e-bw, IpS-sh-\u00aeq\u00bf\u02db1864 hn. butk\u220fv ]nXm-hns\u201a tZhm-e-bw, ssI\\\\-I-cn\u02db1865 hn. Koh\u00bf\u00a7okns\u201a tZhm-e-bw, ssh\u00b0w \u02db 1865 hn. anJm-tb-ens\u201a tZhm-e-bw, CS-a\u2030w \u02db 1867 Ac-Wm-\u00b4p-Ic Xc-Is\u201a IpSpw-_ -tZ-hm-ebw \u02db 1867 \u2666 Nmhd- \u220f- nX- mhv Bcw-`n\u00ae B{i-a-\u00df\u0192 am\u2202m\\\\w B{i-aw hmg-\u00b0pfw B{i-aw Iq\\\\-\u2126mhv B{i-aw ]pfn-\u00b6p\u2202v B{i-aw A\u00ba-g-\u00b0mSv B{i-aw F\u00ac\u00d8p-cp\u00d8v B{i-aw apt\u00d8men B{i-aw \u2666 ss__n\u0192 hN\\\\{]tLm-jWw 1849- \u00ac am\u2202m\\\\w B{i-a-\u00d8nse sshZn-Isc A`n-h\u00b5y epZ-hnIv a\u00bf\u00b4o\\\\n sa{Xm\u2265 \\\"ss__n\u0192 hN\\\\{]tLm-j-I-cmbn' {]Jym-]n-\u00aep. k` \u00ffm]n\u00ae- X- n\\\\- pt- ijw Dt\u00b1iw ]\u00d8pa- mk- t- \u00d8mfw A\u00ae\u2211- m\u00bf GIm\u00a5- X- b- n\u00ac Pohn\u00ae- ph- \u2202- X- n\\\\- p- tijw Cu k`s- Im\u2260- p\u2248 {]tbmP- \\\\w P\\\\\u00df- f- psS \\\\S]- S- nI- \u0192 \\\\\u2202m\u00b0- W- s- a\u2202p IqSnb- mI- b- me- pw, AXn\\\\p \u2044m\\\\[- ym\\\\w t]mse D]I- c- n\u00b0- p\u2202- as\u2030m\u2202- pa- n\u221a- m\u00d8- X- n\\\\- mepw BZya- mbn Ahsc AXn- \\\\mbn sa{Xmt- \u220fme- o\u00d8- m\u00ae- \u2265 \\\\nba- n\u00ae- ph- n\u00b4- p. C\u00dfs\\\\ 1856\u02db- ma- m\u2260- ns\u201a Ahk- m\\\\- t- \u00d8msS am\u2202m\\\\- \u00d8- n\\\\p kaot- ]b- p\u2248 IpSa- mf- q\u00bf, ssI\u220fpg- , ap\u00b4pN- nd- , ISp\u00d8- pc- p\u00d8n apXe- mb ]\u2248nI- f- n\u00ac \u2044m\\\\[- ym\\\\w Ign- \u00b0p\u2202- X- n\\\\p sa{Xmt- \u220fme- o\u00d8- m\u00ae- \u2265 Iev]n\u00b0- bpw AXn\u2265{]I- mcw A\u00ae\u2211- mc- n\u00ac sIm\u00ae- p]- pc- b- v\u00b0\u00ac Ipcy- \u00ae\u2265, If\u220f- pc- b- v\u00b0\u00ac a\u00d8mb- nb- \u00ae- \u2265, I\u00b4\u00b0- b- \u00d8p Nm\u2260nb- \u00ae- \u2265, If\u00d8- n\u00ac kvIdnb- m\u00ae- \u2265 apXe- mb- h- \u00bf [ym\\\\K- pc- ph- mbn \\\\nba- n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4 a\u00bfke- ot- \\\\mkv anskym\\\\- mcn A\u00aet- \\\\mS- pIqsS B ]\u2248nI- f- n\u00acs\u00ae\u2202p [ym\\\\w Ign\u00b0- bpw sNbvXp. [ym\\\\m\\\\- \u00a5- cw B ]\u2248nI- f- n\u00ac apd{- ]I- mc- a- p\u2248 k\u00b5\u00bfi\\\\w (hnk- o\u00d8- ) Ign\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\- mbn sa{Xmt- \u220fme- o\u00d8- m\u00ae- \u2265 hcnI- bpw B Ahk- c- \u00d8- n\u00ac am\u2202m\\\\- \u00d8- ph- \u2202p Iptd\\\\- m\u0192 Xmak- n\u00b0- bpw sNbvXp. Cu \\\\m-fp-I-fn\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 k`-bnse A\u00ae-\u2211m\u00bf N\u00df-\\\\m-t\u00bbcn ]\u2248n-bn\u00act]mbn [ym\\\\w \\\\S-\u00d8p-I-bp- \u2260m-bn. Nm\u2260n-b-\u00ae\u2265, X\u00b4m-t\u00ae-cn\u00ac kvIdn-bm-\u00ae\u2265 apX-embn ]e A\u00ae-\u2211m\u00bf IqSn-bmWv B [ym\\\\w Ign- \u00aeXpw. henb Im\u00b5n-tZmkv antkym-\\\\m-cn-b-\u00ae\\\\pw [ym\\\\-Kp-cp-hmbn AXnep\u2260m-bn-cp-\u2202p. Cu [ym\\\\- \u00d8n\u00ac 5000 t]\u00bfhsc h\u2202p-Iq-Sn. IqSn-b-h\u00bf F\u221am-hcpw _lp-`\u2021n ]pc-\u00a0-c-amWv [ym\\\\w Ign-\u00ae-Xp. [ym\\\\m-h-km-\\\\-\u00d8n\u00ac henb Xq\u00df-s\u220f\u00b4 cq]w FSp\u00d8p Hcp henb {]Z-\u00a3nWw N\u00a5-bnepw A\u00dfm-Sn- bnepw Ign-\u00b0bpw AXn\u00ac A\u00ae\u2211mcpw P\\\\-\u00df-fpw kw_-\u2018n-\u00b0bpw sNbvXp. Xq\u00df-s\u220f\u00b4 kzcq]w FSp-\u00d8Xv Im\u00b5n-tZmkv antkym-\\\\mcn A\u00ae-\\\\m-bn-cp\u2202p. CS-\u00b0n-S\u00b0p ]e \u00ffe-\u00df-fnepw {]Z-\u00a3nWw \\\\ndp-\u00d8p-Ibpw At\u220fm\u0192 henb Nm\u2260n-b-\u00ae\u2265 \\\\\u2126psS I\u00bf\u00d8m-hns\u201a ]\u00b6-\u220fm-Sn-t\u2211\u00ac kZp-]-tZ-i-\u00df\u0192 ]d-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-\u2202p. At\u220fm\u0192 P\\\\-\u00df\u0192 a\\\\-\u00a0n-fIn ZpxJm[n-Iy-\u00d8m\u00ac hmhn\u00b4p {]e-]n-\u00aen-cp-\u2202p. C{X \u2044m\\\\-^-e-t\u00d8m-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp [ym\\\\w N\u00df-\\\\m-t\u00bb-cn-bn\u00ac ap\u2265s]m-cn-\u00b0epw \\\\S-\u00d8-s\u220f-\u00b4n-cp-\u2202n- \u221a. [ym\\\\m-h-km\\\\-\u00d8n\u00ac \u00ffm\\\\-k-\u00b5\u00bfi\\\\w Ign-\u00b0m-\\\\mbn setbm-\\\\m\u00bf\u00b1v sa{Xm-t\u220fm-eo\u00d8m Xncp-a-\\\\- - \u00a0p-sIm\u2260v AhnsS hcn-Ibpw 12 Znh-kw-hsc Xma-kn-\u00b0bpw sNbvXp. Cu [ym\\\\-\u00d8n\u00ac kw_-\u2018n\u00ae _lp. _\u00bfWm\u00bfUv TOCD, am\u00bft\u00d8m\u2126m {InkvXym-\\\\n-I\u0192 F\u2202 t]cn\u00ac {]kn-\u2264-amb ]pkvXIw cNn-\u00aep. Xs\u201a Bbp-jvImew ssZh-ip-{iq-j-bn\u00ac Ign-\u00b0-W-sa-\u2202p\u2248 147","Xmev]c- y\u00d8- m\u00ac AXn\\\\pth\u2260nb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 A\\\\pa- Xn kvXpXn\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4 Im\u00b5- nt- Zmkv antkym\\\\- mcn A\u00aes\u201a klm-b-\u00d8m\u00ac hm\u00dfn BZyw am\u2202m-\\\\\u00d8p skan-\\\\m-cn-bnepw ]n\u2202oSv 1883-\u00ac k`-bnepw tN\u00bf\u2202p. \u2666 CS-h-I-ssh-Zn-I-cpsS [ym\\\\w kpdnb- m\\\\n CSh- I- \u220f- \u2248- nI- f- nse hnImc- na- m\u00bf\u00b0v hm\u00bfjnI- [- ym\\\\w \\\\n\u00bf_\u2018- a- m\u00b0- nb- Xv Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \\\\- m- Wv. B\u2264ym\ufb02- nI A`nh- r\u2264- nb- mWv sshZnI- \\\\pw At\u00b1lw `ct- a\u2030- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 P\\\\\u00df- \u0192\u00b0pw H\u2202ma- X- mbn th\u2260X- v. [ym\\\\ws- Im\u2260pw {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- s- Im\u2260pw AXp t\\\\Sns- bS- p\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 Ignb- W- w. AXmWv {]Ya- hpw {][m\\\\- h- pa- mb- s- X\u2202v hnImcn P\\\\d- m\u0192 hnizk- n\u00ae- p. k\\\\ymkk- `- b- nse {]ik- vXc- mb sshZnI- c- mb- nc- p\u2202p [ym\\\\Kpcp\u00b0\u2211- m\u00bf. c\u2260p _m\u00aepI- f- ne- mbn c\u2260p tI{\u00b5\u00df- f- n\u00ac h\u00aemb- nc- p\u2202p [ym\\\\w. hm\u00bfjnI[ym\\\\-\u00d8n\u00ac kw_-\u2018n-\u00b0m\u00d8 hnIm-cn-am\u00bf\u00b0v Awi-ap-S\u00b0p Iev]n-\u00aen-cp-\u2202p. GsX-\u00b6nepw Imc-W-\u00d8m\u00ac Iq\u00b4-\u00d8n\u00ac h\u2202p [ym\\\\n-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 Ign-bm-\u00d8-h\u00bf \\\\n\u203anX Xob-Xn\u00b0p ap\u2265]v GsX-\u00b6nepw Hcp B{i-a-\u00d8n\u00act\u220fmbn hm\u00bfjn-I-[ym\\\\w \\\\S-\u00d8n-s\u00b0m-\u2248Wsa\u2202pw [ym\\\\n\u00ae hnhcw Ac-a-\\\\-\u00b0-t\u00ae- cn-bn\u00ac Adn-bn-\u00b0-W-sa\u2202pw Iev]\\\\ sIm-Sp-\u00d8n-cp-\u2202p. GI-tZiw H\u2202c \\\\q\u2030m-\u2260p-ap\u2265]v Bkq-{XWw sNbvX hm\u00bfjn-I-[ym-\\\\-]-\u2264Xn C\u2202pw kpdn-bm\\\\n It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-k-`-bn\u00ac A`w-Kpcw ]men-\u00b0-s\u220f-Sp- \u2202p-\u2260v. \u2666 \\\"H\u00b4w-sI-\u00b4\u00ac' Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 B{ia- \u00df- f- n\u00ac \\\\S\u220f- m\u00b0- nb Hcp ]pWy A`ymk- a- mWv \\\"H\u00b4ws- I\u00b4- \u00ac'. Hcp B\u2264ym\ufb02- nI a\u2019c- a- mb- nc- p\u2202p CXv. hn. Ipcni- ns\u201a Xncp\\\\- m\u0192Zn\\\\- \u00d8- ne- mWv a\u2019cw Bcw`- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- v. B{ia- \u00d8- n\u00ac D\u2248h- \u00bf Hmtcm ]pWy\u00d8- n\u00ac apt\u2202d- m\u2265 ]cn{- ia- n\u00b0- pw- F\u2202p ]ck- ya- mbn {]Jym]- n\u00b0- pw. C\u2202v apX\u00ac- AS- p\u00d8 Xncp\\\\- m\u0192hsc Hcp ]pWyw A`yk- n\u00b0- ps- a\u2202v Xt\u2202mS- pXs\u2202 Hcp a\u2019c- {- ]J- ym]- \\\\- w. Ffna- , ]ck- vt\\\\l- w, XymKw, A\\\\pk- c- W- w, ]cZ- qj- Ww ]db- mX- nc- n\u00b0- \u00ac... F\u2202n\u00df- s- \\\\b- p\u2248 ]pWy\u00df- \u0192 A`y- kn\u00b0- p\u2202 Hcp ]cn]- mS- nb- t{X CXv. B{i-a-\u00df\u0192 X\u2126nepw Cu ]pWy-a-\u2019cw \\\\S-\u00d8m-dp-\u2260m-bn-cp-\u2202p. IpSpw-_-\u00df-fnepw CXv A`y-kn- \u00b0p-hm\u2265 Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 D]-tZ-in-\u00aep. Hcn-\u00b0\u00ac Cu B\u2264ym-\ufb02nI a\u2019-c-\u00d8n\u00ac Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 sNbvX Xocp-am\\\\w CXm-bn-cp\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Rm\u2265 a\u2030p-\u2248-h\u00bf ImWp-t\u00bam-gpw, ImWm-\u00d8-t\u220fmgpw Hcp-t]mse `\u2021n-tbmsS Pohn-\u00b0pw.'' \u2666 k\\\\ym-kn-\\\\o-k` 1860\u02db- \u00ac k{v XoI\u0192\u00b0mbn k\\\\ymk- n\\\\n k` Bcw`- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\- p\u2248 N\u00bf\u00aeI- \u0192 am\u2202m\\\\- \u00d8- ,v - set- bmt- ]m\u0192Zv anj\\\\- d- nb- pa- mbn \\\\S\u00d8- p\u2202- p. Cu k\\\\ymk- n\\\\n k`b- mWv `mcX- \u00d8- nse BZy k\\\\ymk- n\\\\n k`. 1866-\u02db\u00ac kn.-Fw.-kn. k\\\\ym-kn\\\\n k` Iq\\\\\u2126m-hp-\u00b6\u00ac Bcw-`n-\u00b0p-\u2202p. Iq\\\\-\u2126m-hn\u00ac I\\\\ym-kv{Xo- I\u0192\u00b0p-th\u2260n aTw-]Wn XpS-\u00dfn-b-t\u220fm\u0192 18 cq] am{X-amWv Nmhdb\u00aes\u201a ]\u00b0ep\u2260m-bn-cp-\u2202-Xv. 8000 cq]m-hsc ]ncn\u00aev hen-sbmcp aTw ]Wn-I-gn-\u220fn-\u00aeXv A\u00b0m-es\u00d8 \\\\nebv\u00b0v Hcp henb A\u00a4p- X-ambn ]d-b-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202p.1868-\u02db\u00ac ssI\\\\-I-cn-bnse Xs\u201a CS-h-I-\u00b0m\u00bf\u00b0p-th\u2260n \\\"Hcp \\\\\u221a A\u220fs\u201a Nmh- cp-fp-I\u0192' Fgp-X-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202p. 1869-\u02db70 Ime-L\u00b4\u00dffn\u00ac \\\"B\ufb02m-\\\\p-Xm]w' F\u2202 alm-Imhyw Fgp-X-s\u220f-\u00b4p. \u2666 Nmhd- ]- nX- mh- ns\u201a kmlnX- yI- rX- nI- \u0192: B\ufb02m-\\\\p-Xm-]w, A\\\\-kvXm-\u00a0n-bm-bpsS c\u2021-km-\u00a3yw, ac-W-ho-\u00b4n\u00ac ]mSp\u2202-Xn-\\\\p\u2248 ]m\\\\ F\u2202n- h-bmWv Nmhd A\u00ae\u2265 cNn\u00ae kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I\u0192. [ym\\\\-k-\u221am-]-\u00df\u0192 Nmhdb\u00aes\u201a [ym\\\\ Nn\u00a5- I-fm-Wv. \\\"Ft\u00a2m-Kp-I\u0192' As\u221a-\u00b6n\u00ac CS-b-\\\\m-S-I-\u00df\u0192 F\u2202 t]cn\u00ac {InkvXp-a-\u00a0n-t\\\\m-S-\\\\p-_-\u2018n-\u00aep\u2248 hnj- b-\u00df\u0192 D\u0192s\u220f-Sp\u00d8n Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 ae-bm-f-\u00d8nse BZy \\\\mSI\u00dffpw cNn-\u00aep. B\ufb02m\\\\- pX- m]w F\u2202 almI- mh- y\u00d8- n\\\\p 4021 hcnI- f- mWp\u2248X- .v A\\\\k- Xv m\u00a0- nb- mb- psS c\u2021k- m\u00a3- yw F\u2202 aeb- mf- `- mj- b- nse BZy JWUv I- mh- y\u00d8- n\\\\p 182 hcnI- f- pw, acW- h- o\u00b4- n\u00ac ]mSp\u2202X- n\\\\- p\u2248 ]m\\\\\u00b0v 1162 hcnI- f- pw. 1869 ImeL- \u00b4- \u00df- f- ne- mWv Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 B\ufb02m\\\\- pX- m]- w cNn\u00b0- p\u2202- X- .v {ZpX ImIf- n, aRPv - cn, tII XpS\u00df- nb hr\u00d8\u00df- fpw GIm\u00a3- c {]mkw, ZznXob A\u00a3c {]mkw XpS\u00df- nb {]tXyI- X- I- fpw Cu IhnX- I- f- ne- p\u2260- .v aeb- mf- \u00d8- nse {]ik- Xv \u00df- fmb 16\u02db\u00ac ]cw {ZmhnU- h- r\u00d8- \u00df- f- ne- mWv Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 IhnX cNn\u00ae- X- .v ]cna- nX- a- mb hm\u00b0pI- \u0192 am{Xa- p\u2248 \\\"E' F\u2202Xv BZym\u00a3- c- a- mbn kzoIc- n\u00aev At\u00b1lw IhnX FgpX- n. I, J, K, L F\u2202o A\u00a3c- \u00df- \u0192 BZym\u00a3- c {]mka- mbn kzoIc- n\u00aepw B\ufb02m\\\\- pX- m]- \u00d8- n\u00ac IhnX- s- bg- pX- n. am\u2202m\\\\w Ip\u2202ns\u201a hnip\u2264- nb- n\u00ac Ccp\u2202- mWv Nmhd- \u220f- nX- mhv Cu kmlnX- yI- rX- nI- \u0192 cNn\u00ae- X- .v \u2666 A[xIrtXm-\u2264m-cWw am\u00bft\u00d8m\u2126m \u00abolm-bpsS Imew apX-ep\u2248 ]mc-\u00bacyw Ah-Im-i-s\u220f\u00b4 \\\\{km-Wn-I\u0192\u00b0p t]mepw Hu]-Nm-cnI hnZym-`ym-k-\u00d8n-\\\\p\u2248 kuIcyw C\u221am-Xn-cp\u2202 A\u00b0m-e\u00d8v Ah\u00bf\u00b0pw ZfnXv ss{IkvX- h\u00bf\u00b0pw Hcp-t]mse ]T-\\\\-ku-Icyw \\\\evIm\u2265 Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 ]\u2264Xn Bhn-jvI-cn-\u00aeXv Zfn-X-cpsS D\u2202-a- \\\\-\u00d8n-\\\\p-th-\u2260n-bp\u2248 {]Ya Im\u00ach-bv]m-bn-cp-\u2202p. AsX-\u00b0p-dn\u00aev Nmh-d-b-\u00aes\u201a ka-Im-en-I-\\\\m-bn-cp\u2202 ]md\u220f- pd- \u00d8v h\u00bf\u00b0nb- \u00ae- \u2265 tcJs- \u220fS- p\u00d8- nb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv C{]I- mc- a- mWv: \\\"\\\"am\u2202m\\\\- \u00d8v B Ipt\u2202\u00ac kvIq\u0192 ]Wn XpS-\u00dfp-Ibpw B\u00bf\u220fq-\u00b0c Xpcp-\u00d8p-am-en-bpsS Ipt\u2202\u00ac hnizm-k-\u00d8n-te\u00b0p hcp\u2202 ZfnXv hn`m- 148","K-\u00df\u0192\u00b0mbn Hcp It\u220f-fbpw AtXmSptN\u00bf\u2202v Hcp kvIqfpw ]Wn-bp-\u2202-Xn\\\\v \u00ffew I\u2260v \\\\n\u203a-bn- \u00aep. 1846 emWv ZenXv hn`m-K-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 hnZym-ebw \u00ffm]n-\u00ae-Xv. ]nSn-b-cn-\u220fn-cnhv \\\\S-\u00d8n- bmWv AXn-\\\\p\u2248 ]Ww kzcq-]n-\u00ae-Xv. IqSmsX ]Tn-\u00b0m\u2265 F\u00d8p\u2202 hnZym\u00bf\u221en-I\u0192\u00b0v D\u00ae-\u00b0-\u2122n, hkv{Xw, ]pkvX-I-\u00df\u0192 F\u2202nh \\\\\u00acIn-s\u00b0m\u2260v tIc-f-\u00d8ns\u201abpw {]tXy-In\u00aev \\\\{km-Wn-k-`-bn-sebpw hnZym-`ymk Ncn-{X-\u00d8n\u00ac hn\u03c0-h-I-c-amb Bi-b-\u00df-\u0192\u00b0v apt\u2202\u2030w Ipdn-\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXp.'' lcn-P-\\\\-\u00df-fpsS D\u2202-a-\\\\-\u00d8n-\\\\mbpw \\\\{km-Wn-k-`-bpsS CS-h-I-I-fpsS \\\\S-\u00d8n-\u220fn-\\\\mbpw hnIm- cn-P-\\\\-dmfmbn-cp\u2202 Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 XpS-\u00dfnb {]\u00ffm-\\\\-\u00df\u0192: * ]nSn-b-cn -{]-\u00ffm\\\\w: F\u221am IpSpw-_-\u00df-tfmSpw Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 Bh-iy-s\u220f\u00b4p: I\u2122n\u00b0v Acn-bn-Sp- t\u00bam\u0192 Hcp ]nSn Acn am\u2030n hbv\u00b0p-hm\u2265. A\u00dfs\\\\ e`n\u00ae Acn-bs{X lcn-P-\\\\-\u00df\u0192\u00b0pw {]tXy-In-\u00aev, Xm\u2265 XpS-\u00dfn-h\u00ae kvIqfnse Ip\u00b4n-I\u0192\u00b0p\u2248 D\u00ae-`-\u00a3-W-\u00d8n\\\\pw D]-tbm-Kn-\u00ae-Xv. * sI\u00b4p-sX\u00dfp- {]-\u00ffm\\\\w: F\u221am It\u00d8m-en\u00b0m IpSpw-_-\u00df-fnepw Hcp sX\u00dfv ]\u2248n-\u00b0mbn am\u2030n-h- bv\u00b0p-hm\u2265 Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 Bh-iy-s\u220f-\u00b4p. AXn-\u00ac-\\\\n\u2202pw e`n\u00ae hcp-am-\\\\hpw lcn-P-\\\\-\u00df-fpsS D\u2202-a-\\\\- \u00d8n-\\\\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-\u00aep. * \\\\q\u2030n\u00b0- \u00a9p {- ]\u00ff- m\\\\w: F\u221am ]\u2248nI- f- ps- Sbpw hm\u00bfjnI- h- c- pa- m\\\\- \u00d8- ns\u201a A\u00a9p iXa- m\\\\w \\\\\u00acI- W-sa\u2202v Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 Bh-iy-s\u220f-Sp-Ibpw \\\\S-\u220fm-\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \u2666 Xncp-\u00b0p-Spw-_ -`\u2021n hn. Nmh-d-b-\u00aes\u201a apdn-bn\u00ac kq\u00a3n-\u00aen-cp\u2202 Xncp-\u00b0p-Spw-_-\u00d8ns\u201a Nn{Xw am\u2202m-\\\\\u00d8v ]qPy-ambn kq\u00a3n-\u00b0p\u2202p Xncp-\u00b0p-Spw-_-\u00d8ns\u201a Nmhd Ipdn-bm-t\u00b0mkv F\u2202mWv Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 Xs\u2202-\u00d8s\u2202 A`n-kw-t_m- [\\\\ sNbvX-Xv. X\\\\n\u00b0p IpSpw-_-kz-\u00d8mbn e`n-\u00ae-Xv Xs\u201a A\u2126-bpsS kvt\\\\lhpw Xncp-\u00b0p-Spw_ `\u2021n-bp-am-sW\u2202v Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 ]d-bp-\u2202p. F\u221am IpSpw-_-\u00dffpw Xncp-\u00b0p-Spw-_-\u00df\u0192 BIp-hm\u2265 At\u00b1lw B{K-ln-\u00b0p-I-bpw, IpSpw-_-\u00dfsf D]-tZ-in-\u00b0p-I-bpw, tIc-f-\u00d8n-\u00ac Xncp-\u00b0p-Spw_ `\u2021n {]N- cn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xncp-\u00b0p-Spw-_-`-\u2021n-sb-\u220f\u2030n Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 ]d-bp-\u2202Xv: \\\"`\u2021n-bp\u2248 Fs\u201a amXm-]n-Xm-\u00b0\u0192- Cu-tim, adnbw, butk\u220fv F\u2202 alm-Ip-Spw-_s\u00d8 ]e-hn-[-\u00d8n\u00ac Fs\u2202 Hm\u00bf\u2126n-\u220fn-\u00b0p-Ibpw Rm\u2265 B Xncp- \u00b0p-Spw-_s\u00d8 Ft\u220fmgpw Fs\u201a lrZ-b-\u00d8n\u00ac Im\u00b0p-Ibpw hW-\u00dfp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-\u2202-Xn-\\\\m\u00ac Ah- cpsS A\\\\p-{Klw Ft\u220fmgpw Fs\u2202 kwc-\u00a3n-\u00aep-sIm\u2260v \\\"amt\u2126m-Zo-km-bn\u00ac F\\\\n\u00b0v e`n\u00ae ssZh-{]- km-Zs\u00d8 \\\\in-\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\\\\v CS-bm-bn-\u00b4n\u221a' F\u2202v ]d-bp-\u2202-Xn\\\\v ssZhm-\\\\p-{K-l-\u00d8m\u00ac F\\\\n\u00b0v ss[cy- ap-\u2260v. Xncp-\u00b0p-Spw-_s\u00d8 \\\\n\u00df\u0192 B{i-bn-\u00b0p-hn\u2265. \\\\n\u00df-fpsS lrZ-b-\u00d8n\u00ac B Xncp-\u00b0p-Spw_w A[n- Imcw \\\\S-\u00d8-s\u00b4. ssZh-Xn-cp-a-\\\\-\u00a0n\\\\p kt\u00a5m-j-t\u00d8m-Sp-IqSn Iogvh-g-\u00dfp-hn\u2265.' \u2666 \\\"\\\\eva-c-W- k`' \\\"\\\\evac- W- - k` \/ \\\\evac- W kJyw' Bcw`- n\u00ae- Xv Nmhd\u00ae\\\\- mW- v. am\u2202m\\\\- \u00d8- p\\\\- n\u2202pw Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 Ab\u00ae k\u00bf\u00b0pe- d- ns\u201a ASn\u00ff- m\\\\- \u00d8- ne- mWv ssI\\\\I- c- nb- n\u00ac \\\\evac- W k`\/butk\u220fv ]nXmh- ns\u201a \\\\eva- cW kJyw F\u2202 {]\u00ffm\\\\- \u00d8- n\\\\v XpS\u00b0- a- mI- p\u2202- X- v. ssI\\\\I- c- nb- nse Ipcni- p]- \u2248- n\u00b0p kao]w 1869 \u00ac Cu {]\u00ffm\\\\- \u00d8- n\\\\p XpS\u00b0- a- mb- n. CXn\u00ac AwK-\u00df\u0192 BIp-\u2202-h\u00bf sNt\u00f8-\u2260h: \u02db kzbw \\\\\u221a-a-c-W-\u00d8n\\\\v Hcp-\u00dfp-I. a\u2030p-\u2248-hsc \\\\\u221a ac-W-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn Hcp-\u00b0p-I. Ah\u00bf\u00b0p-th\u2260n {]m\u00bf\u221en-\u00b0p-I. Rm\u2265 acn-\u00b0p-sa-\u2202pw, \\\\ncq-]n-\u00b0m\u00d8 t\\\\c\u00d8v acWw F\\\\n\u00b0v kw`-hn-\u00b0p-sa\u2202pw AXn- \\\\m\u00ac ac-W-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn Ft\u220fmgpw Hcp-\u00dfn-bn-cn-\u00b0p-Ibpw sN\u00f8p-I. \u02db Ft\u220fm-sg-\u00b6nepw ]m]w sN\u00f8p-hm\u2265 CS-bm-bm\u00ac DSs\\\\ Ip\u00ba-km-cn\u00aep ]m]-tam-N\\\\w t\\\\Sp-I. Zo\\\\-ambn InS-\u00b0p-\u2202-h-sc-bpw, acWw ASp-\u00d8-h-scbpw ]cn-N-cn-\u00b0p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS ASp-\u00d8n-cp\u2202v {]m\u00bf\u221en-\u00b0p-Ibpw sN\u00f8p-I. \u02db ]n\u00aes- X\u2260n \\\\S\u00b0- p\u2202h\u00bf, B{ib- a- n\u221a- msX Ae\u2122- p\\\\- S- \u00b0- p\u2202- h- \u00bf, at\\\\mt- cmK- nI- \u0192, Btcmc- pa- n- \u221am\u00d8 hb\u00a0- mb- h- \u00bf XpS\u00df- nb- h- sc ]m\u00bf\u220fn\u00aep kwc\u00a3- n\u00b0- pI- , Ahs- cbpw \\\\\u221a acW- \u00d8- n\\\\p Hcp\u00b0- pI- . \u02dbC\u00df-s\\\\-bp-\u2248-hsc kwc-\u00a3n-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\mWv A\\\\m-Ym-ebw \/ D]hnime \u00ffm]n-\u00ae-Xv. `mc-X-\u00d8nse BZys\u00d8 D]-hn-im-e-bm-bn-cp\u2202p CXv. \u2666 hn. A\u00act^m\u2265km-\u2126bv\u00b0v Nmh-d-b-\u00ae-\\\\n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw e`n\u00ae tcmK-im\u00a5n: Nne tcmK\u00df- f- m\u00ac A\u00act^m\u2265km\u2126 AXy[- nIw kln\u00ae- t- \u220fm\u0192 B[ym\ufb02- nI Kpcph- ns- \u201abpw klk- - \\\\ymk- n\\\\- nIf- ps- Sbpw \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- {- ]I- mcw A\u00act^m\u2265km\u2126 Nmhdb\u00aet- \\\\mSv s\\\\mt- h\\\\ sNm\u221an {]m\u00bf\u221en\u00b0pIbpw aq\u2202p{- ]mh- iyw Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 A\u00act^m\u2265km\u2126- \u00b0v {]Xy\u00a3- s- \u220f\u00b4v B tcmK\u00df- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw kuJyw \\\\\u00acIp- Ibpw sNbXv p. A\u00act^m\u2265km\u2126- X- s\u2202 Cu A\u00a4pX- t- cmK- i- m\u00a5- ns- b\u220f- \u2030n FgpXn km\u00a3ys- \u220fS- p\u00d8- nb- n\u00b4- p- \u2260.v Cu I\u00d8v C\u2202pw am\u2202m\\\\- \u00d8v kq\u00a3n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. \u2666 Bcm-[-\\\\-{I-a \\\\ho-I-cWw 1862-\u02db71 Ime-L-\u00b4-\u00df-fn\u00ac Bcm-[-\\\\-{I-a-\u00df-fp-sSbpw Bcm-[-\\\\-]p-kvX-I-\u00df-fp-sSbpw \\\\ho-I-cWw Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 am\u2202m-\\\\\u00d8v h\u00aev \\\\S\u00d8p\u2202p. 1862-\u02db\u00ac Ncn-{X-\u00d8n\u00ac BZy-ambn ]uc-kvXy-kp-dn-bm\\\\n k`-bpsS bma {]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\-I-fpsS \\\\ho-I-c- 149","Whpw {Iao-I-c-W-\u00dffpw \\\\S-\u2202p. Xm\u2265 tiJ-cn\u00ae bma-{]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\-I-fpsS F\u221am tcJ-Ifpw FSp-\u00d8p- h\u00aev tIcf \\\\{km-Wn-k-`-bnse F\u221am aev]m-\u2211m-scbpw hnfn-\u00aep-Iq\u00b4n N\u00bf\u00ae-sNbvXv Ah-cpsS k\u2126-X- t\u00d8m-Sp-IqsS-bmWv Cusbmcp b\u2044w ]q\u00bf\u00d8n-bm-\u00b0n-b-Xv. CXp-Xs\u2202 aq\u2202v hmey-\u00df-fn-embn {Iao-I- cn-\u00b0p-Ibpw ]cn. knwlm-k-\\\\-\u00d8ns\u201a A\\\\p-a-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn A\u00ae-Sn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 {Iao-I-c-W-\u00df\u0192 \\\\S- \u00d8p-Ibpw sNbvXp. {]ntbm\u00bf Nmhd Icymt- \u00b0mkv Genbm A\u00ae\u2265 1871 P\\\\ph- cn amk\u00d8- n\u00ac acn\u00b0- b- n\u00ac At\u00b1lw XpS- \u00dfnb- nc- p\u2202 \\\\ak- vImc- ]- pk- vXI- \u00d8- ns\u201a the k\\\\ymk- k- `- b- nse A\u00ae\u2211- m\u00bf XpSc- pI- bpw \\\\ak- vImc- ]- p- kvXIw {]ntbmc- \u00ae- \u2265 {Ias- \u220fS- p\u00d8- nb coXnb- n\u00ac A\u00aeS- n\u00b0- m\u2265 G\u00bfs\u220fS- pI- bpw sNbvXp. F\u2202m\u00ac Nne ImcW- \u00df- f- m\u00ac B thebv\u00b0p hnLv\\\\\u00df- \u0192 t\\\\cn\u00b4- X- ps- Im\u2260v A\u2202v (1873 \u00ac) Iq\\\\\u2126- mhp sImt- h\u00a5- - bpsS hnImcn Bbnc- p\u2202 X\u00b4mt- \u00aec- n\u00ac kvIdnbm A\u00ae\u2265 \\\"\\\"ilo\u2126- m\u220f- Sn'' F\u2202p ]db- p\u2202 BgvN \\\\a- kvImc ]pkvXIw am{Xw ASn- \u220fn\u00b0- m\u2265 Bcw`- n\u00b0- bpw 1876 \u00ac AXp ASn\u00ae- pX- oc- pI- bpw sNbvXp. DZ-bw-t]-cq\u00bf kq\\\\-l-tZm-kn-\\\\p-ap\u00bap XIvkmbpw Imt\\\\m\u2265 \\\\a-kvIm-chpw X\u2126n\u00ac F{Xbpw tbmPn- \u00aemWv Ccp-\u2202Xv. B\u2260ns\u201a Hmtcm Znh-k-\u00d8n\u00ac sNm-\u221ap\u2202 Imt\\\\m\u2265 \\\\a-kvIm-c-\u00df\u0192s\u00b0m-\u220fn-\u00aemWv XIvkm-bn\u00ac hmbn-\u220fp-Ifpw P]-\u00dffpw tN\u00bf\u00d8n-cp-\u2202-Xv. e\u00d8o\u2265 do\u00d8n\u00ac XIvkmbpw Imt\\\\m\u2265 \\\\a- kvIm-c-\u00dffpw Cuhn[ tbmPn-\u220fn-emWv Ct\u220fmgpw Ccn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. F-\u2202m\u00ac ta\u00ac\u220f-d\u2122 kq\\\\-l-tZm- kn\u00ac I\u00acZm-b- {I-a-\u00d8n-t\u2211-ep\u2248 Adn-hp-tISp \\\\nan\u00d8w Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-sbm-gnsI XIvkm-bpsS {Iao-I- cn\u220fpw hmbn-\u220fp-Ifpw t]m\u00bf\u00aep-Ko-kp-Im\u00bf am\u2030n-\u00b0-f-\u2122p. X\u2202n-an\u00d8w Ch c\u2260pw bmsXmcp tbmPn-\u220fn- \u221am-sX-bmWv Ct\u220fm\u0192 Ccn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. X\u00ac\u00b0m-e-\u00ffn-Xn\u00b0v A\\\\p-km-c-ambn XIvkm-tbmSv Imt\\\\m\\\\ \\\\a- kvImcw tbmPn-\u220fn-\u00b0m\u2265 th\u2260n Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 hf-sc-b-[nIw {ian-\u00b0p-Ibpw Cu hn[-\u00d8n\u00ac Imt\\\\m\\\\ \\\\a-kvIm-c-\u00d8ns\u201a Hcp `mKw ASn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-\u2202p. \u2666 tIc-f-\u00d8n\u00ac BZy-ambn Ipcn-ins\u201a hgn F\u2202 `\u2021m-`ymkw XpS-\u00dfp\u2202p 1838 Ime-L-\u00b4-\u00df-fn\u00ac am\u2202m\\\\w Ip\u2202n\u00ac Ipcn-ins\u201a hgn F\u2202 `\u2021m-`ymkw Nmhdb\u00aes\u201a t\\\\Xr- Xz-\u00d8n\u00ac Bcw-`n-\u00aep. am\u2202m\\\\w Ip\u2202ns\u201a Xmsg-\\\\n\u2202pw apI\u0192hsc Ipcn-ip-I\u0192 \\\\m\u00b4n-s\u00b0m\u2260v I\u221ap-I- fpsS CS-bn\u00ac\u00b0qSn KmKp\u00ac\u00d8 Itc-dp\u2202 A\\\\p-`-h-amb Cu `\u2021m-`ym-k-\u00d8n\u00ac ]s\u00b6-Sp-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 AXn- c-\u00bap-g, IpS-am-fq\u00bf, ]p\u2202-{X, ssI\u220fpg XpS-\u00dfnb CS-h-I-I-fn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw `\u2021\u00bf F\u00d8p-am-bn-cp-\u2202p. \u2666 \\\\mep ]nXm-\u00b0-\u2211m-cpsS I_-dn-S-\u00df\u0192 1841 P\\\\ph- cn 16 \\\\v tXmakv ]meb- \u00b0v e- \u00ae- \u2265 acW- a- S- \u2122- p. ]\u2248n\u220f- pdw ]\u2248nb- n\u00ac AS\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- p. 1846 P\\\\p-hcn 8 \\\\v tXmakv t]mcq-\u00b0-c-b-\u00ae\u2265 ac-W-S-\u2122p. am\u2202m\\\\w tZhm-e-b-\u00d8n-\\\\p-\u2248n\u00ac aZp-_- lm-bpsS Agn-\u00b0m-en-\\\\-Sp\u00d8v \\\\Sp-hn-embn kwkvI-cn-\u00b0-s\u220f-\u00b4p. 1871 P\\\\p-hcn 3 \\\\v Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 ac-W-a-S-\u2122p. BZyw Iq\\\\-\u2126m-hn\u00ac kwkvI-cn-\u00b0p-Ibpw ]n\u2202oSv am\u2202m-\\\\-t\u00d8\u00b0v ]qPym-h-in-jvS-\u00df\u0192 am\u2030n \u00ffm]n-\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1898 Pqsse 13 \\\\v IWn-bm{\u00a5 bmt\u00b0m_v ktlm-Z-c\u2265 (bm-t\u00b0m_v aq\u220f\u2265) am\u2202m-\\\\-\u00d8p-h\u00aev ac-W- a-S-bp-Ibpw am\u2202m\\\\w ]\u2248n-bpsS B\\\\-hm-Xn-en\\\\p kao-]-\u00d8mbn AS-\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \u2666 taeqkv ioiva 1874 Ht\u0152m_\u00bf amk\u00d8n\u00ac Genbm tbml\u2202- m\u2265 taeqkv F\u2202 Hcp I\u00acZmb sa{Xm\u2265 aebmf\u00d8n\u00ac h\u2202nd\u00dfn. 1872\u02db\u00ac ]{ZphmtZm `mK\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202ncp\u2202 kpdnbm\\\\n ]\u2248n\u00b0m\u00bf Hscgp\u00d8p I\u00acZmb ]m{Xb\u00bf\u00b0okn\\\\mbn _mt_ente\u00b0p Ab\u00ae- p. AXn\u00ac aebmf\u00d8nse kpdnbm\\\\n\u00b0m\u00bf\u00b0mbn Hcp sa{Xms\\\\ Ab\u00aep XcWsa\u2202pw A\u00dfns\\\\hcp\u2202 sa{Xm\\\\pth\u2260 klmbsams\u00b0 ]{Zp-hmtZm `mK\u00d8p\\\\n\u2202p sNbXv psImSp\u00b0psa\u2202pw, t]m\u00bf\u00d8p Km\u00ac cmPmhv CXn\u00ac th\u2260t]mse klmbn\u00b0p sa\u2202pw ImWn\u00aencp\u2202p. CXn\\\\pw]pdta kpdnbm\\\\n do\u00d8n\\\\pw ]\u2248n{Ia\u00df\u0192\u00b0pw hfsc tZmj\u00df\u0192 t\\\\cnSp\u2202ps\u2260\u2202pw AXns\\\\m\u00b0b\u00b0v pw ImcWw kpdnbm\\\\n sa{Xm\u2265 C\u221am\u00d8XmsW\u2202pw B Fgp\u00d8n\u00ac ImWn\u00aencp\u2202p. BbnSb\u00b0v p _mt_en\u00ac \\\\n\u2202p ]oent\u220fmkv Assk Fs\u2202mcp I\u00acZmb ]\u00b4\u00b0mc\u2265 [\u00bf\u2126\u00d8n\u2202mbn aebmf \u00d8n\u00ac h\u2202ncp\u2202p. Abm\u0192\u00b0p ]m{Xn-b\u00bf\u00b0okns\u201a bmsXmcp km\u00a3n]{Xhpan\u221amXncns\u00b0, AXp s\u2260\u2202p ImWn\u00aemWp [\u00bf\u2126\u00d8n\\\\mbp\u2248 Ie]v \\\\ hcm\u220fpsg \\\\n\u2202p hm\u00dfnbXv. F\u2202m\u00ac kXyw t_mws_ hnImcnb\u220fkvtXmen\u00b0 hgn\u00b0p hcm\u220fpsg AdnbpIbm\u00ac setbm\\\\m\u00bfZv sa{Xmt\u220fm eo\u00d8m ap\u2265]p At\u00b1l\u00d8n\\\\p sImSp\u00d8ncp\u2202 Ie]v \\\\ Xncn\u00aep hm\u00dfpIbpw ho\u2260pw Abm\u0192\u00b0v Bcpw [\u00bf\u2126w sImSp\u00d8pIqSm F\u2202p apS\u00b0pIbpw sNbXv p. CXn\u00b6\u00ac ]oent\u220fmkv Ass\u00a0 F\u2202 ta\u00ac\u220fd\u2122 ]\u00b4\u00b0mc\u2265 Ip]nX\\\\mbn\u00d8ocpIbpw, At\u00b1lt\u00d8mSp kpdnbm\\\\n\u00b0mcn\u00ac Nne\u00bf tN\u00bf\u2202p Hcp kpdnbm\\\\nsa{Xms\\\\ hcp\u00d8p\u2202Xn\\\\p {ia\u00df\u0192 sNbvIbpw sNbvXp. Cu Imcy\u00d8n\u00ac {][m\\\\ Xmev]cy\u00b0mcmbn Xp\\\\n\u2122p ]pds\u220f\u00b4Xv, A\u2202p ]{Zp- hmtZm `mK\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202ncp\u2202 Xr\u00bbnht]cq\u00bf ]\u2248nbpsS hnImcn fmew CShI ]pt\u00d8\u00b4 C\u00b7mkntbmkv I\u00d8\\\\mcpw, AcWm\u00b4pIsc CShI tXdm\u00b4v Iq\\\\\u2265 bmt\u00b0m I\u00d8\\\\mcpambncp\u2202p. C\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 Fgp\u00d8p Ifmepw ImcW\u00dffmepamWp ta\u00ac\u220fd\u2122 Genbm tatemkv F\u2202 I\u00acZmb sa{Xm\u2265 h\u2202Xv. Ct\u00b1lw h\u2202Xv 1874 Ht\u0152m_\u00bf amkw 2 \\\\v Bbncp\u2202p. am\u00bf\u220fm\u220fmbpsS A[nImc {]Imcw aebmfw hn\u00b4p t]mIWsa\u2202v At\u00b1l t\u00d8mSp hcm\u220fpsg \\\\n\u2202pw Adnbn\u00aen\u00b4pw t]mIm\u2122 Xn\\\\m\u00ac am\u00bf\u220fm\u220fmbpsS \\\\ma\u00d8n\u00ac B amkw 25\u02db\\\\p At\u00b1ls\u00d8 BtLmjambn setbm\\\\m\u00bfZv 150"]
Search
Read the Text Version
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
- 60
- 61
- 62
- 63
- 64
- 65
- 66
- 67
- 68
- 69
- 70
- 71
- 72
- 73
- 74
- 75
- 76
- 77
- 78
- 79
- 80
- 81
- 82
- 83
- 84
- 85
- 86
- 87
- 88
- 89
- 90
- 91
- 92
- 93
- 94
- 95
- 96
- 97
- 98
- 99
- 100
- 101
- 102
- 103
- 104
- 105
- 106
- 107
- 108
- 109
- 110
- 111
- 112
- 113
- 114
- 115
- 116
- 117
- 118
- 119
- 120
- 121
- 122
- 123
- 124
- 125
- 126
- 127
- 128
- 129
- 130
- 131
- 132
- 133
- 134
- 135
- 136
- 137
- 138
- 139
- 140
- 141
- 142
- 143
- 144
- 145
- 146
- 147
- 148
- 149
- 150
- 151
- 152
- 153
- 154
- 155