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Home Explore File to Archbishop Cyril Vasil SJ Colour (revised)

File to Archbishop Cyril Vasil SJ Colour (revised)

Published by joseymon196715, 2023-08-10 05:30:10

Description: File to Archbishop Cyril Vasil SJ Colour (revised)

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["kotdm- a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS bma-{]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\-I\u0192: Hcp BapJw tUm. sPbnwkv amXyp ]m\u00bamd kn.F- w.s- F BapJw 2022 Unkw_- \u00bf 25\u02db- mw XobX- n, kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aep_- nj- \u220fv am\u00bf tPm\u00bf\u00f7v Be- t\u00a9cn ]nXmhv hnfw_- cw sNbXv v \\\\S\u220f- ne- m\u00b0- nb (promulgated) kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS aeb- mf- `- mj- - bne- p\u2248- bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m ]pkXv I- \u00d8- ns\u201a H\u2202mw hmeyw ssIbns- eS- p\u00d8- t- \u220fm\u0192 tXm\u2202nb Hcp Ahm- Nym\\\\- \u00b5- w, I\u00bf\u2126e- I- pk- pa- \u00d8- ns\u201a A\\\\ph- mN- I- t- cmSv ]\u00b6ph- b- \u00b0v ph- m\\\\- p\u2248 Xo{ha- mb B{Kl- a- mWv Cu teJ\\\\- s- ag- pX- phm\u2265 Fs\u2202 t{]cn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- .v ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnX- b- nse (CCEO) 1488\u02db- mw Imt\\\\m\\\\- b- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev \\\"- \\\"\\\\nba- \u00df- \u0192 {]m_e- y\u00d8- n\u00ac hcp\u2202- Xv hnf- w_- c- w- hg- nb- mW'v ' (Laws are established by promulgation). am\u00bf Bet- \u00a9cn ]nXmh- ns\u201a hnfw_- c Un{In (promulgation decree) bneqsS kotdm- \u02dba- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS aeb- mf- `- mj- b- ne- p\u2248 BZys\u00d8 HutZymK- nI- a- mb- , \\\\nba- ]- c- a- mb- , bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 \\\\neh- n\u00ac h\u2202t- XmS- pI- qSn Hc\u00bf\u221e\u00d8- n\u00ac ]d\u2122- m\u00ac kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k` ]q\u00bf\u00c6a- mbpw Hcp \\\"k`'bmbn- \u00d8o\u00bf\u2202p F\u2202 hkXv pX- , Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- h- n\u2044- m\\\\- ob (Liturgical Theology) ]chpw Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- m\u2264- ym- \ufb02nI (Liturgical Spirituality) ]ch- pa- mbn hfs- ct- bsd {]m[m\\\\- ya- \u00bfln\u00b0- p\u2202 H\u2202mW- .v hnfw_- c Un{In (Prot. No. 1188\/2022) bn\u00ac hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202- X- pt- ]ms- e, kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf kn\\\\U- ns\u201a 2022 HmK\u00c3v amk- \u00d8nse skj\\\\- n\u00ac (The second session of XXX Synod) AwKoI- c- n\u00aev ]cni- p\u2264 knwlmk- \\\\- \u00d8- ns\u201a AwKoI- mc- t- \u00d8msS (Nihil Obstat of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches: Prot. N. 248\/2004, dated 30 September 2022) 2023 P\\\\ph- cn 6\u02dbmw XobXn Cu ]pXnb bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 \\\\neh- n\u00ac hcpt- \u00bam\u0192, kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- ]- c- nj- Iv c- W- hpw \\\\hoI- c- W- hpw (Liturgical Restoration and Re- newal) Hcp ]pXnb Xe\u00d8- nt- e\u00b0v F\u00d8nt- \u00ae\u00bf\u2202nc- n\u00b0- pI- b- mW- .v 1. Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- hpw (Liturgy) bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- fpw (Liturgy of the Hours) It\u00d8me- n\u00b0m Xncp\u00a0- `- b- psS B\u00a5c- nI\\\\hoI- c- Ww e\u00a3ywh\u00aeps- Im\u2260v Bcw`- n\u00ae c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kne- ns\u201a ]Xn\\\\- mdv {]amW- t- cJ- I- f- n\u00ac H\u2202ma- t- \u00d8Xv Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- s- \u00d8\u220f- \u2030- nb- p\u2248 {]amW- t- cJ- b- mb kmt{Imk- mMvXpw sIm\u00a8Noe- nbpw (Sacrosanctum Concilium) BWv F\u2202X- pX- s- \u2202, Xncp\u00a0- `- b- psS B\ufb02ob \\\\hoI- c- W- {- ]{- Inb- b- n\u00ac Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- \u00d8- n\\\\- p\u2248 AXpe- ya- mb ]\u00b6v hyRPv n\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260- .v B {]amW- t- cJ- b- psS 10\u02db- mw JWUv nI C\u00dfs\\\\ ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"k`b- psS {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- wX- s\u2202 Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- - amI- p\u2202 AXyp\u2202- X \u00ffm\\\\t- \u00d8\u00b0- mWv Xncn\u2122- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X;v Ahf- psS i\u2021n apgph- \\\\pw \\\\n\u00bf\u00a7fn\u00b0p\u2202- Xpw Ahns- S\\\\- n\u2202- pX- s- \u2202.'' Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- \u00d8- nse Ahi- yL- S- I- \u00df- f- mWv hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- , IqZmi- I- fpw IqZmi- m\\\\- pI- c- W- \u00df- fpw, bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- fpw. s]mX- ps- h, Imt\\\\m\\\\- \\\\- a- k- Iv mcw F\u2202d- nb- s- \u220fS- p\u2202 bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192, bma\u00df- sf hnip\u2264- oI- c- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- p\u2248- Xpw \\\\nc\u00a5- cw {]m\u00bf\u221en\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- p\u2248 hnizmk- nI- f- psS ZuXy\\\\- n\u00bfhl- W- \u00d8- n\\\\- \\\\- p- tbmP- yhpambn Xncp\u00a0- `- ma- mX- mhv Hmtcm hy\u2021nk- `- b- ne- pa- p\u2260- mI- W- s- a\u2202v \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- n\u00ae- n\u00b4- pa- p\u2248- X- mW- .v bma- {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- s- b\u220f- \u2030n c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\ ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"]ucmW- nI- I- mew apXe- p\u2248 ss{IkXv h- ]- mc- \u00ba- cyw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- \u00b0v p\u2260- .v ssZhk- tv Xm{- X\u00df- \u0192 Be]- n\u00ae- ps- Im\u2260v Zn\\\\cm{- X\u00df- \u0192 ]q\u00bf\u00c6- ambn ]hn{- XoI- c- n\u00b0- m\\\\- pX- I- p\u2202 hn[\u00d8- ne- mWv CXv kwhn[- m\\\\w sN\u00f8s- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- .v AXn\\\\- m\u00ac sshZn- It- \\\\m, Xncp\u00a0- `m \\\\nba- a- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev CXn\\\\pth\u2260n \\\\nbp\u2021- c- mb- h- tcm AwKoI- rX- c- oX- nb- n\u00ac sshZnI- s- cm\u00d8v {]m\u00bf\u221en\u00b0- p\u2202 hnizmk- nI- t- fm, al\\\\- ob- a- mb Cu ZnhyK- oXw DNnX- a- mbn \\\\S\u00d8- pt- \u00bam\u0192 AXv aWh- mf- - t\\\\mSv kw`mj- n\u00b0- p\u2202 aWh- m\u00b4- nb- psS bYm\u00bf\u221e kzcwX- s- \u2202b- mb- nc- p\u2202- p.- {Ink- Xv ph- ns\u201a auXnI- i- c- oc- t- \u00d8m- sSm\u2202- n\u00aev ]nXmh- n\\\\v ka\u00bf\u220fn\u00b0- p\u2202 {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- mWv bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ (SC, 84). Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac XpS\u00bf\u2202v C\u00dfs\\\\ {]Jym]- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"X\u2211qew Cu ip{iqj \\\\n\u00bfhl- n\u00b0- p\u2202- h- s- c\u221amw Xncp\u00a0- `- b- psS Hcp I\u00bf\u00d8hyw \\\\ndt- h- \u2030pI am{Xa- \u221a- , {InkvXph- ns\u201a aWh- m\u00b4- nb- psS ]ca- a- mb _lpa- m\\\\\u00d8n\u00ac ]\u00b6p]- \u2030- pI- bpw sN\u00f8p\u2202- p\u2260- v. ImcWw, Cu kXv pXnk- a- \u00bf\u220fWw hgn amXmh- mb Xncp\u00a0- `- b- psS \\\\ma\u00d8- ne- t{X Ah\u00bf ssZhk- nwl- mk- \\\\- - \u00d8n\u2265 ap\u00ban\u00ac \\\\nes- Im\u2248- p\u2202- X- v (SC, 85). Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac {]amW- t- cJ- b- psS XpS\u00bf\u2202p\u2248 JWUv nI- b- n\u00ac \\\\mw C\u00dfs\\\\ hmbn\u00b0- p\u2202- p: \\\"\\\"B\ufb02]- me- \\\\- \u00d8- n\u00ac G\u00bfs\u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 sshZnI- \u00bf \\\\nc\u00a5- cw \\\\n\u00df\u0192 {]m\u00bf\u221en- \u00b0Ww (1 sX\u00a0 5:17) F\u2202 hnip\u2264 ]utemk- ns- \u201a DZtv _m[- \\\\w X\u00df\u0192 A\\\\pk- c- nt- \u00b0\u2260- h- c- ms- W\u2202 XnI\u2122 t_m\u2264y-t\u00d8mSpw Xo\u00a3vW-X-tbmSpw bma-{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ P]n-\u00b0-Ww. Fs\u2202-\u00b0q-SmsX 101","\\\\n\u00df\u0192s\u00b0m\u2202pw km\u2264ya- \u221a (tbml 15:5) F\u2202c- pf- ns- \u00aebXv I\u00bf\u00d8mh- n\\\\v am{Xta Ahc- psS {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- - \u00df\u0192\u00b0v ^eZ- mb- I- X- zhpw ]ptcmK- X- nbpw \\\\eIv m\u2265 Ignb- q. AXps- Im\u2260- mWv Uo\u00b0\u2211- msc \\\\nba- n\u00ae- t- \u220fm\u0192 \u00abol- \u2211- m\u00bf C{]I- mcw ]d\u2122- X:v R\u00df\u0192 {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b\u00b0v pw ssZhh- N- \\\\- i- pi- qj- b\u00b0v pw R\u00dfs- f\u00d8- s\u2202 ]q\u00bf\u00c6a- mbn A\u00bf\u220fnt- \u00b0\u2260- nb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202p'' (A\u220f 6:4)'' (SC, 86). apIf- ne- p\u2264- c- n\u00ae Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac ]T\\\\- \u00df- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- s- b\u220f- \u2030n aq\u2202v Imcy\u00df- \u0192 \\\\\u2126psS a\\\\- \u00a0n\u00ac ]Xnt- b\u2260- X- mb- p\u2260:v 1) bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ k`b- psS Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- \u00d8- ns\u201a (Liturgy) `mKs- a\u2202 \\\\ne- bn\u00ac k`b- psS HutZymK- nI {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- mW- .v AXn\\\\- m\u00ac\u00d8s- \u2202, hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\sbbpw IqZmi- I- - sfbpw t]mse, bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- nepw \\\\mw k`b- psS \\\\ma\u00d8- n\u00ac, k`mwK- \u00df- t- fmSv H\u00d8pt- N\u00bf\u2202mWv {]m\u00bf\u221en- \u00b0p\u2202- X- .v 2) sshZnI- \u00bf bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ sNm\u221a- ph- m\u2265 ISs- \u220f\u00b4- h- c- mW- .v F\u2202m\u00ac CXv sshZnI- \u00bf\u00b0v am{Xa- m- bp\u2248 {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- \u221a- . hnizmk- k- a- ql- w apgph- \\\\- mbpw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- n\u00ac ]\u00b6pt- Nc- p\u2202- Xv kapN- nXw Xs\u2202- bmW- .v 3) ]ptcml- nX- c- psS Zznhn[ [\u00bf\u2126\u00df- \u0192 hN\\\\- {- ]t- Lmj- W- hpw {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- pa- mW- .v ]ptcml- nX- \u2265 k`b- psS \\\\ma\u00d8- n\u00ac _enb- \u00bf\u220fn\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw IqZmi- I- fpw IqZmi- m\\\\- pI- c- W- \u00df- fpw ]cnI- \u00bf\u2126w sN\u00f8ph- m\u2265 ISs- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- pt- ]ms- eX- s- \u2202, bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- f- ne- qsS \\\\nc- \u00a5- c- a- mbn kXv pXnI- f- psS _enI- \u0192 A\u00bf\u220fn- \u00b0ph- m\\\\pw ISs\u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. \\\"\\\"Hmtcm Znhk- s- \u00d8bpw hnip\u2264- oI- c- n\u00b0- pI F\u2202X- mWv bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- psS e\u00a3yw'' (SC, 88). bma- {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ sshZnI- \u00bf\u00b0v am{Xa- p\u2248- X- \u221a F\u2202v It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mk- `- b- psS aXt- _m[- \\\\- {- K\u0178w A\u00bf\u221ei- \u00b6- - b\u00b0v nS- a- n\u221a- m\u00d8 coXnb- n\u00ac hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260- :v \\\"\\\"bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ ssZhP- \\\\- \u00d8- ns\u201a apgph- \\\\pw {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- m- bnc- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 Dt\u00b1yi- n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- n\u00b4- p\u2248- X- mW- .v AXn\u00ac {InkXv pX- s\u2202 \\\"\\\"Xs\u201a k`b- ne- qsS Xs\u201a ]utcml- nX- y- [\u00bf\u2126w XpSc- p\u2202- p.'' Hmtcmc- p\u00d8- cpw k`b- ne- p\u2248 X\u00dff- psS \u00ffm\\\\hpw PohnX- k- ml- N- c- y\u00df- f- pa- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev AXn\u00ac ]\u00b6ps- Im\u2248- p\u2202p: AP]- me- \\\\- i- p{- iqj- b\u00b0v v ka\u00bf\u220fnX- c- mb sshZnI- \u00bf \u02db Ah\u00bf {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- nepw hN\\\\- i- pi- qj- b- nepw D\u2019ml- a- p\u2248- h- c- mI- ph- m\u2265 hnfn\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- h- c- mW;v k\\\\yk- Xv \u00bf \u02db Ahc- psS ka\u00bf\u220fnX- P- o- hnX- \u00df- f- psS kn\u2264nh- gn; F\u221am hnizmk- nI- fpw \u02db Ah\u00bf\u00b0mh- p\u2202- {X'' (CCC 1175). as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d- \u2122m\u00ac, ip{iqj- m]- ut- cml- nX- y\u00d8- ns\u201a hnhn[ ]Sh- pI- f- n\u00acs\u220f\u00b4- h- \u00bf\u00b0pw (Uo\u00b0- \u2265, ]ptcml- nX- \u2265, sa{Xm\u2265) k\\\\yk- Xv \u00bf\u00b0pw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ Hcp ISa- b- ms- W\u00b6- n\u00ac, A\ufb02mb hnizmk- nI- sf kw_\u2018- n\u00ae- nS- t- \u00d8mfw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ Hcp ISa- b- \u221a- , {]XypX- , HchI- miw am{Xa- mW.v A\ufb02mb- h- ni- zmk- nI- fpw a\u2030v PohnX- m\u00a5- - \u00a0n\u00acs\u220f\u00b4 hnizmk- nI- \u0192s\u00b0m\u220fw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- \u00bf\u220fW- \u00d8- ne- qsS X\u00df\u0192\u00b0v amt\u2126mZ- ok- mb- ne- qsS e`n\u00ae cmPI- ob ]utcml- nX- y\u00d8- ns\u201a \\\\n\u00bfhl- W- a- mWv \\\\S\u00d8- p\u2202- s- X\u2202pw It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mk- `- b- psS aXt- _m[- \\\\- - {K\u0178w ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260:v \\\"\\\"Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- n\u00ac, {]tXyI- n\u00aev Rmbd- mgNv kt\u2126f- \\\\- \u00d8- n\u00ac, \\\\mw BtLmj- n\u00b0- p\u2202 {InkvXp-hns\u201a cl-kyw, Ahn-Sps\u00d8 a\\\\p-jym-h-Xm-chpw s]k-lm-bpw, \\\"\\\"Znhy-I\u00bf\u2126w'' F\u2202 bma- {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\bpsS BtLmj- \u00d8- ne- qsS Hmtcm Znhk- \u00d8- ns\u201abpw kab- \u00d8- n\u00ac D\u0192t\u00ae\u00bf\u00b0pI- bpw AXns\\\\ cq]m\u00a5- c- s- \u220fS- p\u00d8- pI- bpw sN\u00f8p\u2202- p. Cu BtLmj- w, \\\"\\\"\\\\nc\u00a5- cw {]m\u00bf\u221en\u00b0- pI'' F\u2202 ss\u00ablnI- ml- zm\\\\- - \u00dft- fmSv hnizk- Xv X ]pe\u00bf\u00d8ns- \u00b0m\u2260,v ssZhk- Xv pX- nb- n\u00ac Zn\\\\c- m{- X\u00df- f- psS apgph- \u2265 KXnt- bbpw hnip- \u2264oI- c- n\u00b0- \u00d8- \u00b0- h- n[- \u00d8- ne- mWv k\u00f7oI- c- n\u00ae- n\u00b4- p\u2248- X- .v k`b- psS s]mX- p{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- n\u00ac hnizmk- nI- \u0192 (ssh- ZnI- \u00bf, k\\\\yk- Xv \u00bf, A\ufb02mb- \u00bf) amt\u2126mZ- ok kzoIc- n\u00ae- h- c- psS cmPI- ob ]utcml- nXyw \\\\n\u00bfhl- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. k` AwKoI- c- n\u00ae cq]\u00d8- n\u00ac BtLmj- n\u00b0- s- \u220fS- pt- \u00bam\u0192 bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ bYm\u00bf\u221e\u00d8- n\u00ac Xs\u201a aWh- mf- - t\\\\mSv kwkmc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 aWh- m\u00b4- nb- psS Xs\u2202 kzca- mW- ;v {InkXv pX- s\u2202 Xs\u201a icoc- t- \u00d8ms- Sm\u220f- w ]nXmh- n- t\\\\mSv \\\\S\u00d8- p\u2202 {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- mW- 'v ' (CCC 1174). 2. bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 ]uckXv y Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- \u00d8- nepw kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS {]tXyI \\\\nba- \u00d8- nepw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ sNm\u221a- ph- m\u2265 ]ptcml- nX- i- p{- iqj- nI- s- f\u221a- mh- cpw ISs- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202p F\u2202v ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnX- b- nse 377-mw Imt\\\\m\\\\ A\\\\pi- mk- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260:v \\\"\\\"]ptcml- nX- i- p{- iqj- nIsf\u221amh- cpw X\u00df- fpsS kzbm[- nI- mc- k- `- b- psS {]tXyI- \\\\- nb- a- \u00d8- n\\\\- \\\\pkrXa- mbn bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 \\\\St- \u00d8\u2260- X- mW- 'v' (CCEO c.377). AXpt- ]ms- eX- s\u2202, k\\\\yk- Xv cpw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ sNm\u221a- ph- m\u2265 ISs- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Hmtcm B{ia- - \u00d8nepw Sn\u220fnt- \u00b0mWpw \\\\nba- m\\\\- pk- rX BNmc- \u00df- f- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev A\\\\pZ- n\\\\ bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 BtLmj- n- \u00b0s- \u220fS- Ww'' (CCEO c.473, \u00a71). \\\"\\\"Hm\u00bfUd- pI- f- ps- Sbpw tIm\u00a8{Knt- Kj- \\\\- pI- f- ps- Sbpw Hmtcm `h\\\\- \u00df- f- nepw \\\\nba- mh- e- nbpw ss\\\\\u00f8ma- nI \\\\S\u220f- pa- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 \\\\S\u00d8- Ww'' (CCEO c.538, \u00a71). CtX D\u00d8c- h- mZ- nXzw skan\\\\- mc- nI- f- n\u00ac sshZnI- ]- c- ni- oe- \\\\w \\\\S\u00d8- p\u2202- h- \u00bf\u00b0pa- p\u2260:v \\\"\\\"X\u00dff- psS kz\u00a5w do\u00d8\\\\- p- kc- n\u00aev bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 ]Xnh- mbn BtLmjn\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 Ah\u00bf ]Tn\u00b0- pI- bpw AXn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw X\u00dff- psS B\u2264ym\ufb02- nI PohnX- ]- c- nt- ]mj- Ww {]m]n\u00b0- pI- bpw sN\u00f8Ww'' (CCEO c.346, \u00a72, 3\u00b0). hnizmk- nI- \u0192\u00b0v bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ sNm\u221a- ph- m\u2265 s]mX- psh ]d\u2122- m\u00ac ISa- b- ns- \u221a\u00b6- nepw 881\u02db- mw Imt\\\\m\\\\- - bpsS H\u2202mw JWUv nI C\u00dfs\\\\ hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Rmbd- mg- Nv I- f- nepw Xncp\\\\- mf- pI- f- nepw hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m- 102","\\\\b- n\u00ac kw_\u2018- n\u00b0- ph- mt\\\\m, kz\u00a5w kzbm[- nI- mc- k- `- b- psS \\\\n_\u2018- \\\\- I- tfm \\\\nba- m\\\\- pk- rX BNmc- \u00df- tfm A\\\\pk- c- n\u00aev bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- f- n\u00ac `mK`- m\u00b0- pI- f- mI- ph- mt\\\\m ss{IkXv h- h- ni- zmk- nI- \u0192\u00b0v ISa- b- p\u2260- .v '' kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS {]tXyI \\\\nba- \u00d8- n\u00ac (Particular Law) bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- \u00bf\u220fn\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- p\u2248 sshZnI- i- p{- iqj- nI- f- psS ISa- s- b\u220f- \u2030n ]uckXv y Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- \u00d8- nse \\\\n_\u2018- \\\\ Bh\u00bf\u00d8n\u00ae- n\u00b4- p\u2260:v \\\"\\\"The clerics in major orders shall celebrate divine praises, preferably together'' (art. 47). AXpt- ]ms- eX- s\u2202 Xmg\u2202v ]\u00b4\u00b0mcpw (minor orders) bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 sNm\u221a- ph- m\u2265 ]Tn\u00b0- W- s- a\u2202pw AXn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v B\u2264ym- \ufb02nI t\\\\\u00b4\u00df- \u0192 ssIhc- n\u00b0- W- s- a\u2202pw kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS {]tXyI \\\\nbaw A\\\\pi- mk- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260v (art. 43, \u00a71). bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 amt\u2126mZok kzoIcn\u00ae hnhn[ PohnXm\u00a5\u00a0- pIfn\u00acs\u220f\u00b4 hnizmknI\u0192\u00b0v am{Xa\u221a, {]XypX ]q\u00bf\u00c6amb A\u00bf\u221e\u00d8n\u00ac k`mwK\u00dff\u221am\u00d8 kv\\\\m\\\\m\u00bf\u221enI\u0192\u00b0pw (Catechumens) ]s\u00b6Sp\u00b0mhp\u2202XmsW\u2202v ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\kwlnXbnse H\u00baXmw Imt\\\\m\\\\bpsS c\u2260mw J\ufb01nIbn\u00ac ImWp\u2202p: \\\"\\\"kv\\\\m\\\\m\u00bf \u221enIfpsSta\u00ac k`bv\u00b0v {]tXyI {i\u2264bp\u2260.v kphntijm [njvTnXamb PohnXw \\\\bn\u00b0phm\u2265 k` Ahsc \u00a3Wn\u00b0pIbpw hn. Ip\u00bf_m\\\\, IqZmiI\u0192, bma {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 F\u2202nhbnep\u2248 `mK`mKnXz\u00d8nte\u00b0v Ahsc \\\\bn\u00b0pIbpw {InkXv ym\\\\nI\u0192\u00b0p am{Xw kz\u00a5ambn\u00b4p\u2248 hnhn[ AhImi\u00df\u0192 Ct\u220fm\u0192 Xs\u2202 Ah\u00bf\u00b0v \\\\\u00acIpIbpw sN\u00f8p\u2202p.'' bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 sshZnIcpw k\\\\ykXv cpw sNm\u221anbm\u00ac am{Xw t]mcm, {]XypX AXv Aeav m b hnizmknIfpsS `mK`- mK- nX- z\u00d8- ne- qsS I\u00d8o{- U\u00ac ]\u2248n XpS\u00dfn CShI tZhmeb\u00dffnse\u221amw Nne Ahkc\u00dffnse\u00b6nepw sNm\u221aWsa\u2202XmWv ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba\u00d8ns\u201a hnh\u00a3: \\\"\\\"kz\u00a5w kzbm[nImc k`bpsS \\\\nbam\\\\pkrXamb BNmc\u00df\u0192\u00b0v A\\\\pkrXambn Xs\u201a B\u00ffm\\\\ tZhmeb\u00d8n\u00ac bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\IfpsS Hcp `mKsa\u00b6nepw \u02db Znhtk\\\\ t]mepw \u02db \\\\S\u00d8s\u220fSp \u2202psh\u2202v cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2265 Dd\u220fphcp\u00d8Ww. Ignbp\u2202nSt\u00d8mfw GsXmcp CShIbnepw Rmb dmgvNIfnepw Xncp\\\\mfpIfnepw a\u2030v BtLm jmhkc\u00dffnepw AhbpsS Xte\u2202mfnepw bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 \\\\S\u00d8s\u220fSphm\\\\pw At\u00b1lw {i\u2264n\u00b0Ww'' (CCEO c. 199,\u00a72). Cu \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i \u00d8ns\u201a XpS\u00bf\u00aebmbn, {]kXv pX Imt\\\\m\\\\bpsS aq\u2202mw J\ufb01nI cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2211mtcmSv C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1in\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"B\u00ffm\\\\ ssZhmeb\u00d8ntem at\u2030sX\u00b6nepw ssZhmeb\u00d8ntem \\\\S\u00b0p\u2202 bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\Ifn\u00ac IqsS\u00b0qsS, {]tXyIn\u00ae,v ISap\u2248 Xncp\\\\mfpIfnepw hnizmknIfpsS KWyamb Hcp `mKw ]s\u00b6Sp\u00b0p\u2202 a\u2030v BtLm jmhkc\u00dffnepw cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2265 apJyIm\u00bf \u2126nIXzw hlnt\u00b0\u2260XmW'v ' (CCEO c.199, \u00a73). bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\bpsS Imcy\u00d8n\u00ac cq]Xm sa{Xm\\\\v kz\u00a5w cq]Xbnep\u2248 D\u00d8chmZnXzw t]mse Xs\u2202, kz\u00a5w s^mtdm\\\\bn\u00ac bm a{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192 Bcm[\\\\{Ia]pkvXI\u00dffnse \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1im\\\\pkcWw \\\\S\u00b0p\u2202p\u2260v F\u2202v Dd\u220fp hcpt\u00d8\u2260 NpaXe s^mtdm\\\\ hnImcnam\u00bf \u00b0paps\u2260\u2202v 278 \u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\bpw bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\Ifpw Bcm[\\\\{Ia]pkvXI\u00dffnse \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i\u00df\u0192\u00b0 \\\\pkrXw BtLmjn\u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202psh\u2202pw \u02db ]\u2248nIfpsSbpw hnip\u2264 hkXv p\u00b0fpsSbpw `wKn bpw ipNnXzhpw {]tXyIn\u00aev hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m \\\\bpsS BtLmj\u00d8nepw ZnhyImcpWyw kq\u00a3n \u00b0p\u2202Xnepw \u02db {i\u2264m]q\u00bf\u2206w ]men\u00b0s\u220fSp \u2202psh\u2202pw CShI cPnkv\u2030dpI\u0192 IrXyambn FgpXn kq\u00a3n\u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202psh\u2202pw k`mhkvXp \u00b0\u0192 {i\u2264m]q\u00bfhw `cn\u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202psh\u2202pw Ah km\\\\ambn, sshZnIa\u00b5ncw th\u2260{X {i\u2264tbmsS kq\u00a3n\u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202psh\u2202pw Dd\u220fphcp\u00d8pI'' (CCEO c. 278, \u00a71, 3\u00b0) F\u2202Xv s^mtdm\\\\ hnImcnbpsS ISaIfn\u00acs\u220fSp\u2202p. CShI tZhmebtam ka\u00bf\u220fnX PohnXkaq l\u00d8ns\u201a `h\\\\t\u00d8mSv _\u2018s\u220f\u00b4 tZhmebtam A\u221am\u00d8 tZhmeb\u00dffpsS NpaXebp\u2248 sdIvS\u00bf\u00b0p (CCEO c. 304) t]mepw Xs\u2202 `cta\u00ac\u220fn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202 tZhmeb\u00d8n\u00ac bma{]m\u00bf\u221e \\\\I\u0192 BtLmjn\u00b0mhp\u2202XmsW\u2202v 306\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202p\u2260.v sdIvS-dns\u201a ISaI sf\u220f\u2030n 309\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ hni ZoIcn\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Bcm[\\\\{Ia]pkvXI\u00dffnsebpw \\\\nba\u00d8nsebpw \\\\n_\u2018\\\\I\u0192\u00b0\\\\pkcn\u00aev hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\, IqZmiI\u0192, bma{]m\u00bf\u221e \\\\I\u0192 F\u2202nh ssZhmeb\u00d8n\u00ac BtLmjn \u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202psh\u2202pw ISaI\u0192 hnizkXv Xm]q\u00bfhw \\\\ndth\u2030s\u220fSp\u2202psh\u2202pw k`mhkXv p\u00b0\u0192- {i\u2264m ]q\u00bfhw `cn\u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202psh\u2202pw hnip\u2264 hkvXp \u00b0fpsSbpw sI\u00b4nS\u00dffpsSbpw kwc\u00a3W\u00d8n\\\\pw Ae\u00b6cn\u00b0en\\\\pw G\u00bf\u220fmSv sNbXv n\u00b4ps\u2260\u2202pw \u00ffetae\u2264- y\u00a3- s\u201a A[nImc\u00d8n\u2265 Iognepw \\\\nbam\\\\pkrX \\\\nbamhenI\u0192\u00b0pw B\u00bf\u00f7nX AhImi\u00df\u0192\u00b0pw A\u00bflamb ]cnKW\\\\ sImSp\u00d8psIm\u2260pw ssZhmeb\u00d8ns\u201a sdISv \u00bf Dd\u220fphcpt\u00d8\u2260XmWv. \u00ffe\u00d8ns\u201a ]cnip\u2264n \u00b0pw ssZh`h\\\\\u00d8n\\\\v tN\u00bf\u2202 _lpam\\\\\u00d8n\\\\pw GsX\u00b6nepw hn[\u00d8n\u00ac tbmPn\u00b0m\u00d8 bmsXm \u2202pw sN\u00f8s\u220fSp\u2202ns\u221a\u2202pw At\u00b1lw Dd\u220fm\u00b0Ww'' (CCEO c. 309). 103","bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\m{K\u0178\u00df\u0192 k`bpsS Bcm[ \\\\{Ia]pkXv I\u00dffpsS KW\u00d8n\u00ac hcp\u2202hbm bXn\\\\m\u00ac Ah AwKoIcn\u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 A[nImc hpw AhImihpw kzbm[nImck`bpsS sa{Xm\u2265 kn\\\\Un\\\\p\u2248XmW.v ss\u00ablnI knwlmk\\\\ \u00d8ns\u201a ap\u2265Iq\u00b4nbp\u2248 ]cntim[\\\\bpw Nihil Obstat F\u2202 km\u00a3y]{Xhpw e`n\u00aetijw k`mXeh\u2265 Hcp Un{Inhgn hnfw_cw sNbXv v \\\\S\u220fnem\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 am{Xta Hcp bma{]m\u00bf \u221e\\\\m]pkXv Iw B hy\u2021nk`bpsS Bcm[\\\\ {Ia ]pkXv Iambn amdpIbp\u2248q (cf. CCEO c. 657, \u00a71). ]m{Xnbm\u00bf\u00b0\u00ac k`Ifpw taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00b0n F\u220fnktv Im\u220f\u00ac k`Ifpw sa{Xmt\u220fmeo\u00d8\u2265 k`Ifpa\u221am\u00d8 CXc k`Ifn\u00ac, Bcm[\\\\{Ia ]pkvXI\u00df\u0192 AwKoIcn\u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 A[nIm cmhImi\u00df\u0192 ss\u00ablnI knwlmk\\\\\u00d8n\\\\v am{XamW.v bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- fpw ]ckyssZhmc- m[- \\\\- - (pub- lic divine worship) bpsS `mKambXn\\\\m\u00ac, AXn\u00ac \\\"\\\"Fs\u00a5\u00b6nepw Iq\u00b4nt\u00ae\u00bf\u00b0mt\\\\m, \\\\o\u00b0w sN\u00f8mt\\\\m, am\u2030w hcp\u00d8mt\\\\m'' {]kXv pX A[n ImcnI\u0192\u00b0\u221amsX a\u2030m\u00bf\u00b0pw A[nImcans\u221a\u2202v c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0m\u2265 Iu\u00a8knens\u201a Bcm[\\\\{I as\u00d8\u220f\u2030nbp\u2248 {]amWtcJbpw ]uckXv y Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnXbnse 668\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\bpw hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202p (SC, 22, \u00a73, CCEO c. 668, \u00a72). 3. kotdm ae_m\u00bf k`bpsS bma{]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\I\u0192: Hcp Ncn{XmhtemI\\\\w 1599\u02dbse DZbwt]cq\u00bf kq\\\\ltZmkphsc tIcf\u00d8nse am\u00bft\u00d8m\u2126m \\\\{kmWnIfpsSbnS bn\u00ac \\\\ne\\\\n\u2202ncp\u2202Xv ]uckvXy kpdnbm\\\\n B cm[\\\\{Iaw AYhm I\u00acZmb Bcm[\\\\{Ia ambncp\u2202p F\u2202Xv Hcp \\\\nkvX\u00bf\u00b0nXamb hkvXp XbmWv. 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BapJw 2023 s^{_phcn 25\u02dbmw XobXn h\u00d8n\u00b0m\u2265 cmPy\u00d8ns\u201a tImSXn (Vatican City State Tribunal) bpsS 94-\u02dbmw PpUojy\u00ac h\u00bfjw DZvLmS\\\\w sNbvXpsIm\u2260v {^m\u2265knkv am\u00bf]m\u220f C\u00dfs\\\\ {]kvXmhn\u00aep: \\\"\\\"kam[m\\\\\u00d8n\\\\pth\u2260nbp\u2248 F\u221am {]Xn_\u2264Xbpw \\\\oXn\u00b0pth\u2260nbp\u2248 ka\u00bf\u220fWw Bhiys\u220fSp\u2202p. \\\\oXn-bn\u221am\u00d8 kam[m\\\\w bYm\u00bf\u221e kam[m\\\\a\u221a... AXpt]mse Xs\u2202 \\\\oXnsb\u2202Xv shdpsamcp Dt\u00b4m]y\u2265 Bibhpa\u221a.'' XpS\u00bf\u2202v At\u00b1lw C\u00dfs\\\\ Hm\u00bfan\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"\\\\oXn \\\\S\u00d8pIsb\u2202Xv \\\\oXn\\\\ymbhyh\u00ffnXn (judiciary) tbmSv tN\u00bf\u2202v {]h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0p\u2202hcpsS D\u00d8chmZn\u00d8 amWv.'' XpS\u00bf\u2202v At\u00b1lw C\u00dfs\\\\ Iq\u00b4nt\u00ae\u00bf\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"tImSXn hyhlmc\u00dff\u221a {]iv\\\\w, {]XypX AXnte\u00b0v \\\\bn\u00b0p\u2202 hkvXpXIfpw \\\\S]SnIfp amWv'' (''The problem is not the law- suits, but the facts and conduct that give rise to them and make them painfully necessary''). At\u00b1lw XpS\u00bf\u2202v, Xs\u201a DZvLmS\\\\{]kwK\u00d8n\u00ac, ssZh\u00d8ns\u201a IcpWbpsS h\u2021m\u00b0fmbn Hmtcm ss{IkvXh\\\\pw amtd\u2260Xns\u201a BhiyIX Hm\u00bf\u2126n\u220fn\u00aetijw, \\\\oXnsb AhK Wn\u00aep\u2248 IcpW bYm\u00bf\u221e IcpWbs\u221a\u2202pw Ah c\u2260pw H\u2202n\u00aept]mtI\u2260XmsW\u2202pw, tImSXnbnse Ip\u2030hnNmcWthfIfn\u00ac k`bpsS apJ\u00d8v Icnhmcnt\u00d8\u00b0p\u2202 Ip\u2030Icamb {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\\u00dfsf Kuchambn IcpXn hn[nt\u00b0\u2260XmsW\u2202pw Hm\u00bf\u2126n\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202p: ''Mercy and justice are not alterna- tives but walk together, proceeding in balance towards the same end, because mercy is not suspension of justice, but its fulfilment (cf. Rom 13:8-10).'' It\u00d8men\u00b0m k`bpsS in\u00a3m\\\\nba\u00dffpw in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Ia\u00dffpw IcpW ad\u00b0msX Xs\u2202 \\\\oXnbne[njvTnXamhWsa\u2202pw F\u00b6n\u00ac am{Xta \\\\mw bYm\u00bf\u221e\u00d8n\u00ac kam[m\\\\kw\u00ffm]Icmbn amdpIbp\u2248q F\u2202pw Hm\u00bf\u2126n\u220fn\u00b0pIbmbncp\u2202p {^m\u2265knkv am\u00bf]m\u220f Xs\u201a Cu {]kwK\u00d8neqsS. \\\"\\\"in\u00a3m\\\\nbahpw in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Iahpw ]uc kvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbakwlnXbn\u00ac: Hcp A]{KY\\\\w'' F\u2202 Xes\u00b0\u00b4n\u00ac I\u00bf\u2126eIpkpaw 2023 s^{_phcn e\u00b0-\u00d8n\u00ac (pp. 21-37) FgpXnb teJ\\\\\u00d8ns\u201a XpS\u00bf\u00aebmWv Cu teJ\\\\w. in\u00a3n\u00b0p\u2202 ssZhs\u00d8 ]gb\\\\nba\u00d8n\u00ac am{Xa\u221a \\\\mw ImWpI. Nm\u00b4bpambn sPdpktew tZhmeb\u00d8nte\u00b0v Ibdp\u2202 Cutimaninlmbpw A\\\\\\\\nbm\u02dbi\u220fo damsc in\u00a3n\u00b0p\u2202 hnip\u2264 ]t{Xmkpw a\u2030v \\\\nch[n ]pXnb\\\\nba {K\u0178`mK\u00dffpw k`bv\u00b0p\u2248nepw in\u00a3m \\\\nbaw D\u2260mtI\u2260Xns\u201a BhiyIXsb hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202Xmbn B teJ\\\\\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\mw ImWpIbp\u2260mbn. kma-Zm-\\\\-t`-Z-Z-WvU-sa\u2202 aebmf\u00d8nse sNm\u221av A\\\\z\u00bf\u221eam\u00b0p\u2202 coXn Xs\u2202bmsW\u2202v ]dbmw It\u00d8men\u00b0mk`bnse in\u00a3m\\\\nba\u00d8nepw in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnIfnepw ImWpI. as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122m\u00ac, in\u00a3m\\\\ S]Sn{Ia\u00dffnte\u00b0v IS\u00b0msX a\u2030p am\u00bf\u00a7\u00dffneqsS in\u00a3bpsS e\u00a3y\u00dffmb Ip\u2030w sNbvX hy\u2021nbpsS am\\\\km\u00a5cw, \\\\oXn \\\\S\u220fnem\u00b0\u00ac, A]hmZw C\u221ambva sN\u00f8\u00ac (reform of the offender, restoration of justice and removal of scandal) F\u2202o in\u00a3bpsS {Xnhn[e\u00a3y\u00df\u0192 in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnI\u0192 IqSmsX km[n\u00b0p\u2202nS\u00d8v in\u00a3 Hgnhm\u00b0phm\u2265 ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nbaw (CCEO cc. 1403, 1409) tae[nImcnI\u0192\u00b0pw AXpt]mseXs\u2202 \\\\ymbm[n] \u2211m\u00bf\u00b0pw A\\\\phmZw \\\\\u00acIp\u2202ps\u2260\u2202p\u2248Xpw ChnsS {]tXyIw {]kvXmhyamWv. F\u2202ncp\u2202mepw ]et\u220fmgpw am\\\\km\u00a5c\u00d8n\\\\v X\u00f8md\u221am\u00d8 Ip\u2030hmfnI\u0192 in\u00a3n\u00b0s\u220ftS\u2260Xv AhcpsS Xs\u2202 B\ufb02c\u00a3\u00b0pw AXpt]mseXs\u2202 Xncpk`bpsS kp\u00ffnXn\u00b0pw BhiyamsW\u2202pw ]uckvXy\u02db ]m\u203amXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbakwlnXI\u0192 A\u00bf\u221ei\u00b6 bv\u00b0nSbn\u221am\u00d8 coXnbn\u00ac ]Tn\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202pap\u2260v. 1. in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Iaw ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nba\u00d8n\u00ac \\\"\\\"Innocent until proven guilty'': \\\"Hcp hy\u2021n sX\u2030pImc\\\\msW\u2202v sXfnbp\u2202Xphsc B hy\u2021nsb \\\\nc]cm[nbmbn thWw ImWphm\u2265.' Cu ss\\\\bmanIsNm\u221av (legal maxim) F\u221am \\\\oXn\\\\ymb hyh\u00ffnXnIfnepap\u2248Xpt]mse It\u00d8men\u00b0m k`bpsS Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nba\u00d8nepw AwKoIcn\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4n\u00b4p \u2248XmWv. AXnt\\\\mSv tN\u00bf\u2202phcp\u2202 as\u2030mcp XXzamWv in\u00a3n\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\pap\u00bav Ip\u2030mtcm]nXs\\\\ tI\u0192\u00b0pI F\u2202Xv. shdpsX tI\u0192\u00b0pI F\u2202\u221a ChnsS hnh\u00a3n\u00b0p\u2202Xv. {]Xyp-X, kzbw {]Xntcm [n\u00b0phm\u2265 (self defense) D\u2248 Ahkcw Ip\u2030mtcm ]nX\\\\v \\\\\u00acIpIsb\u2202XmWv. as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac 111","]d\u2122m\u00ac, Ip\u2030mtcm]nXt\\\\mSv B B\u0192s\u00b0 Xnscbp\u2248 ]cmXnIfpw AXn\\\\pt]m\u00ac_eIamb sXfnhpIfpw \\\\\u00acInb tijambncn\u00b0Ww BfpsS adp]Sn\u00b0mbn kabw \\\\\u00actI\u2260Xv. ]cmXnbpw sXfnhpIfpw \\\\\u00acIpt\u00bam\u0192 AXv GXv in\u00a3m\\\\nba\u00d8ns\u201a ewL\\\\w aqeap\u2248 Ip\u2030amWv Btcm]n\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4n\u00b4p\u2248sX\u2202pw tae[nImcn, AYhm \\\\ymb[n]\u2265, hy\u2021amt\u00b0\u2260XmWv. AXpt]mse Xs\u2202 {]m[m\\\\ya\u00bfln\u00b0p\u2202 H\u2202mWv, Hcp in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Ia\u00d8ns\u201a `mKambmWv Ip\u2030mtcm ]nXs\\\\ tI\u0192\u00b0p\u2202sX\u2202pw B hy\u2021nsb tI\u0192\u00b0p \u2202Xv Hcp km\u00a3nbmb\u221a, {]XypX Hcp Ip\u2030mtcm ]nX\\\\mbXpsIm\u2260pamWv F\u2202v hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202Xv. CXns\u201a Iq\u00b4\u00d8n\u00ac Hm\u00bf\u2126nt\u00b0\u2260XmWv Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\\\\mb hy\u2021n\u00b0v Ip\u2030w G\u2030p]dbphm\u2265 bmsXmcp ISabpan\u221a F\u2202 Imcyw: \\\"\\\"Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n- X\u2265 Ip\u2030w G\u2030p]dbphm\u2265 ISs\u220f\u00b4h\\\\\u221a. {]Xn\u2044sb Sp\u00b0phm\u2265 AbmtfmSv Bhiys\u220fSphm\\\\pw km[n\u00b0bn\u221a'' (CCEO c.1471, \u00a72). ChnsS kqNn\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202 {]Xn\u2044 \\\"\\\"tImSXn ap\u00bamsI kXyw t_m[n\u220fn\u00aepsIm\u2248msa\u2202pw kXyw am{Xta t_m[n\u220fn\u00b0pIbp\u2248q'' F\u2202p\u2248 {]Xn\u2044bmWv (I hereby swear to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but truth). k`mtImSXn\\\\S]SnIfn\u00ac km\u00a3n I\u0192 km[mcWbmbn C\u00d8cw kXy{]Xn\u2044 sNt\u00f8\u2260XmsW\u00b6nepw kzbw Ip\u2030mtcm]Ww (self incrimination) \\\\S\u00d8phm\u2265 B\u00bf\u00b0pw D\u00d8chmZnXz tam ISatbm C\u221amsb\u2202v It\u00d8men\u00b0mk`bpsS Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nbakwlnXI\u0192 hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202p\u2260v. in\u00a3n\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\pap\u00bav Ip\u2030mtcm]nXs\\\\ tI\u0192 \u00b0pI F\u2202Xpw Ip\u2030\u00b0mc\\\\mbn hn[n\u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202Xp hsc Bsf \\\\nc]cm[nbmbn IcpXWsa\u2202pap\u2248 \\\\nbahyh\u00ffbpsS ASn\u00ffm\\\\w BZnamXm]nXm \u00b0fmb BZs\u00d8bpw l\u2206sbbpw hnNmcWsNbvXp in\u00a3n\u00ae ssZhw Xs\u2202bmsW\u2202v BZyambn ka\u00bf\u221en\u00b0p\u2202Xv ]{\u00a5\u2260mw \\\\q\u2030m\u2260n\u00ac Pohn\u00ae Paucopalea (]ut\u00b0m]menb) F\u2202 \\\\nba\u2044\u2265 (Jurist) BWv. D\u00ac\u220f\u00d8nbpsS ]pkvXIw 3:9-\u02db12 hymJym\\\\n\u00aepsIm\u2260v, ssZhw t\\\\cn\u00b4v BZs\u00d8bpw l\u2206sbbpw in\u00a3n\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\pap\u00bambn Ah\u00bf\u00b0v ]dbphm\\\\p\u2248sXs\u00a5\u2202v tIs\u00b4\u00b6n\u00ac, in\u00a3n\u00b0p \u2202Xn\\\\pap\u00bav GXv A[nImcnbpw GXv \\\\ymbm[n ]\\\\pw AXpt]mseXs\u2202 sN\u00f8phm\u2265 ISs\u220f\u00b4ncn \u00b0p\u2202p F\u2202v At\u00b1lw \u00ffm]n\u00b0p\u2202p (cf. Kenneth Pennington, ''Innocent Until Proven Guilty'', in The Penal Process and the Protection of Rights in Canon Law, pp.43-66). k\u00bfh\u2044m\\\\nbmb ssZhw BZs\u00d8bpw l\u2206-sbbpw hnfn\u00aephcp\u00d8n tNmZyw sNbvsX\u00b6n\u00ac AXv Hcp in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnIfnepw Hgn\u00aepIqSm\\\\mhm\u00d8XmWv F\u2202Xmbncp\u2202p At\u00b1l \u00d8ns\u201a hmZw. ssZhw BZ\u00d8n\\\\pw l\u2206bv\u00b0pw kzbw hniZoIcn\u00b0phm\\\\pw {]Xntcm[n\u00b0phm\\\\pw Ahkcw \\\\\u00acInsb\u00b6n\u00ac kzbw {]Xntcm[ (self defense) \u00d8n\\\\p\u2248 AhImiw (right) ssZh\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202p \u2248XmWv F\u2202Xmbncp\u2202p ]ut\u00b0m]mentbmbpsS hmZ\u00d8ns\u201a A\u00a5k\u00d8. CXnt\\\\mSv tN\u00bf\u00d8phmbnt\u00b0\u2260XmWv \\\\nbamh\u00bf \u00d8\\\\]pkvXIw ]s\u00d8m\u00baXmw A[ymb\u00d8nse ]Xn\\\\\u00a9mw hN\\\\w: \\\"\\\"sX\u2030ns\u201atbm, Ip\u2030\u00d8ns\u201atbm kXymh\u00ff Xocpam\\\\n\u00b0phm\u2265 Hcp km\u00a3n t]mcm; ct\u2260m aqt\u2202m km\u00a3nIfpsS samgn thWw.'' ]\u00d8v I\u00ac\u220f\\\\Ifnsem\u2202v \\\"\\\"I\u2248km\u00a3n ]dbcpXv'' F\u2202msW\u00b6n\u00ac, AXn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v A\\\\pam\\\\nt\u00b0\u2260Xv I\u2248km\u00a3n ]dbpIsb\u2202Xv tamibpsS Ime\u00d8pw kw`hn\u00aencp\u2202 Hcp ImcyamWv F\u2202XmWv. ]gb\\\\nba\u00d8nse Zm\\\\ntbens\u201a ]pkvXI\u00d8nse kqk\u2202bpsS IYbpw (Zm\\\\n 13:1\u02db64) as\u2030m\u2202pa\u221a kqNn\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202Xv. B IY-bn\u00ac c\u2260v km\u00a3nI\u0192 KqVmtemN\\\\ \\\\S\u00d8n I\u2248km\u00a3n ]dbp\u2202Xn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw A\\\\pam\\\\nt\u00b0\u2260Xv A\u00b0mes\u00d8 in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Ia\u00d8n\u00ac Ipd\u2122Xv c\u2260v km\u00a3nIfpsS Htct]msebp\u2248 sam-gn-I\u0192 in\u00a3 hn[n\u00b0phm\u2265 Bhiyambncp\u2202p F\u2202XmWv. Ip\u2030\u00b0mcs\\\\\u2202v hn[n\u00b0p\u2202Xphsc Hcp hy\u2021nsb \\\\nc]cm[nbmbn IcpXWsa\u2202Xv a\\\\pjymhImiambn (Human right) 1948 se sFIycm{\u201ek`bpsS a\\\\pjymhImihnfw_c \u00d8nepw tN\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b4p\u2248XmWv. \\\"\\\"Everyone charged with a penal offense has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defense'' (art. 11, UN Declaration of Human Rights, 1948). CtX a\\\\pjymhImiw ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnXbnse Ccp]\u00d8n\\\\memw Imt\\\\m\\\\bn\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\ D\u0192s\u00b0m\u2248n\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202p: \u00a71.\\\\nba\u00d8ns\u201a A\\\\pimk\\\\\u00df\u0192\u00b0\\\\pkcn\u00aev A[nImcs\u220f\u00b4 k`mt\u00b0mSXnap\u00bamsI k`bn\u00ac X\u00df\u0192\u00b0p\u2248 AhImi\u00df\u0192 \\\\nbam\\\\pkrXw \u00ffm]ns\u00aeSp\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\pw kwc\u00a3n\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\pw {InkvXobhnizmknI\u0192\u00b0v km[n\u00b0pw. \u00a72.X\u00b0 A[nImcnbm\u00ac hnNmcWbv\u00b0v hnfn\u00b0s\u220f Sp\u2202]\u00a3w \\\\nba\u00d8ns\u201a A\\\\pimk\\\\\u00df\u0192 \\\\oXn]q\u00bfhw ]men\u00aepsIm\u2260v hn[n\u00b0s\u220fSphm\u2265 ss{IkvXh hnizmknI\u0192\u00b0v AhImiap\u2260v. \u00a73.\\\\nba\\\\n_\u2018\\\\I\u0192\u00b0\\\\pkcn\u00ae\u221amsX Imt\\\\m \\\\nI in\u00a3I\u0192hgn in\u00a3n\u00b0s\u220fSmXncn\u00b0phm\u2265 ss{IkvXh hnizmknI\u0192\u00b0v AhImiap\u2260v. Ccp]\u00d8n\\\\memw Imt\\\\m\\\\, hnizmknIfpsS auen ImhImi\u00dfsf\u220f\u2030n ]dbp\u2202 H\u2202mw io\u00bfjI \u00d8nemWv s]Sp\u00d8nbncn\u00b0p\u2202sX\u2202Xpw {]tXy Iw {it\u2264bamWv. CXn\\\\v X\u00d8peyamb Imt\\\\m\\\\ e\u00d8o\u2265 k`bpsS Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba\u00d8nepap\u2260v (cf. CIC c.221) F\u2202p\u2248Xpw ChnsS kvacWobamWv. 112","in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Ia\u00df\u0192 ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\kw lnXbnse Ccp-]\u00d8n F\u00b4mw io\u00bfj-I-\u00d8n\u00ac 1468 apX\u00ac 1487 hscbp\u2248 Imt\\\\m\\\\-I-fnemWv ImWp\u2202Xv. F\u2202m\u00ac in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Iaw icn\u00b0pw a\\\\\u00a0nem\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\v ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnX bnse Ccp-]-\u00d8n-\\\\m-ev, Ccp-]-\u00d8n-b\u00a9v F\u2202o io\u00bfjI\u00dffn\u00ac {]Xn]mZn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202 \\\"\\\"hyhlmc {Iaw s]mXphn\u00ac'', \\\"\\\"knhn\u0192 hyhlmc{Iaw'' F\u2202n hIqSn lrZn\u00ffamt\u00b0\u2260Xp\u2260v. 1.1 {Inan\\\\\u00ac hnNmcW \\\"\\\"in\u00a3I\u0192 Npa\u00d8p\u2202Xn\\\\p\u2248 \\\\S]Sn{Iaw'' F\u2202 ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\kwlnXbpsS Ccp-]\u00d8n F\u00b4mw io\u00bfjIw c\u2260v A[ymb\u00dffmbmWv Xncn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202Xv: 1468 apX\u00ac 1485 hscbp\u2248 Imt\\\\m\\\\I\u0192 D\u0192s\u00b0m\u2248p\u2202 H\u2202mw A[ymbw \\\"\\\"{Inan\\\\\u00ac hnNmcW'' F\u2202 Xes\u00b0\u00b4n\u00ac k`m t\u00b0mSXnbn\u00ac F\u00dfs\\\\bmWv in\u00a3I\u0192 Npa\u00d8p \u2202Xn\\\\p\u2248 \\\\S]Sn{Iaw F\u2202v hniZoIcn\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 shdpw c\u2260v Imt\\\\m\\\\I\u0192 am{Xap\u2248 c\u2260mw A[ymbw \\\"\\\"tImSXn \\\\S]Sn{IawIqSmsXbp\u2248 in\u00a3Npa\u00d8\u00ac'' (cf. CCEO c.1486-1487) AYhm Administrative Penal Process F\u00dfs\\\\bmsW\u2202v hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202p. ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nba\u00d8nepw e\u00d8o\u2265 k`bpsS Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nba\u00d8nepw k`m tImSXn hgnbmbp\u2248 in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnI\u0192\u00b0mWv {]mapJysa\u00b6nepw c\u2260v Imt\\\\m\\\\kwlnXIfpw Nne tae[nImcnI\u0192\u00b0v tImSXn \\\\S]Sn IqSmsXXs\u2202, Nne {]tXyI kmlNcy\u00dffn\u00ac, Nne {]tXyI in\u00a3I\u0192sIm\u2260v Ip\u2030\u00b0msc in\u00a3n\u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Iaw D\u2260m\u00b0n \\\\\u00acInbncn\u00b0p\u2202XmWv Cu c\u2260mw A[ymb\u00d8ns\u201a D\u2248S\u00b0w. \\\"\\\"{Inan\\\\\u00ac hnNmcW''sb\u220f\u2030nbp\u2248 H\u2202mw A[ymbw \\\"\\\"{]mYanI At\\\\zjWw'' (CCEO cc.1468- 1470), \\\"\\\"{Inan\\\\\u00ac hnNmcWbpsS ]ptcmKXn'' (CCEO cc.1471-1482), \\\"\\\"\\\\\u201e]cnlmc\u00d8n\\\\p\u2248 \\\\S]Sn'' CCEO cc.1483-1485) F\u2202o aq\u2202v hn`mK\u00dffmbmWv Xncn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202Xv. bYm\u00bf\u221e\u00d8n\u00ac, Cu XcwXncnhv Xs\u2202 sX\u2030n\u2264mcWmP\\\\IamWv. ImcWw, ChnsS hniZoIcn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202 \\\"\\\"{]mYanI At\\\\zjWw'' icn\u00b0pw ]d\u2122m\u00ac tImSXnbneqsSbp\u2248 {Inan\\\\\u00ac hnNmcWbv\u00b0v am{Xap\u2248 {]mcw`\\\\S]Snb\u221a, {]XypX, tImSXn\\\\S]Sn IqSmsXbp\u2248 in\u00a3 Npa \u00d8ens\u201abpw {]mcw`\\\\S]SnbmWv. in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnI sf kw_\u2018n\u00ae e\u00d8o\u2265 k`bpsS Imt\\\\m\\\\I\u0192 {]mYanI At\\\\zjWs\u00d8 Hcp {]tXyI A[ymb ambn (cf. CIC cc.1717-1719), in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Ia \u00d8ns\u201a BZy`mK\u00d8v \\\\\u00acInbncn\u00b0p\u2202 coXnbmWv C\u00b0mcy\u00d8n\u00ac IqSpX\u00ac A`nImayw F\u2202XmWv C\u00b0mcys\u00d8 kw_\u2018n\u00aev Cu teJIs\u201a kpNn\u00a5nXamb A`n{]mbw. 1.1.1. {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw kmam\\\\yKXnbn\u00ac Hcp Ip\u2030w sNbvXXmbp\u2248 Btcm]Wtam Adnthm Hcp tae[nImcn\u00b0v e`n\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192, tae[nImcn sNt\u00f8\u2260 BZys\u00d8 ImcyamWv B Ip\u2030-kw-_-\u2018-ambn Hcp {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw \\\\S\u00d8pIsb\u2202Xv. ChnsS {]tXyIw {it\u2264bamb Imcyw, \\\"\\\"D]cn\u03c0hamsW\u2202v'' tXm\u2202p\u2202]\u00a3w, Cu {]mYanI At\\\\zjWL\u00b4w tae[nImcn\u00b0v Dt]\u00a3n\u00b0mhp\u2202XmWv F\u2202 Imt\\\\m\\\\bnse Xs\u2202bp\u2248 HgnhmWv: \u00a71) \\\"\\\"Hcp Ip\u2030s\u00d8\u00b0pdn\u00aep\u2248 Adnhv tae\u2264y\u00a3- \\\\v In\u00b4p t\u00bam\u0192, Cu Adnhv kXyamsW\u2202v tXm\u2202pI bpamsW\u00b6n\u00ac At\u00b1lw hy\u2021n]camtbm A\\\\ptbm Py\\\\mb as\u2030mcp hy\u2021nbneqsStbm \u02db Cu At\\\\zjWw ]q\u00bfWambpw D]cn\u03c0hambncn\u00b0psa\u2202v IcpXm\u00d8 ]\u00a3w \u02db hkvXpXIsfbpw kmlNcy \u00dfsfbpwIpdn\u00aev At\\\\zjn\u00b0Ww. \u00a72) Cu At\\\\z jW\u00d8n\u00ac BcpsSbpw k\u00act\u220fc- n\\\\v If\u00b6w D\u2260m ImXncn\u00b0phm\u2265 {i\u2264nt\u00b0\u2260XmWv. \u00a73) hnNm cWbn\u00ac sXfnhv tiJcn\u00b0p\u2202 hy\u2021n\u00b0p\u2248 AtX A[nImc\u00dffpw ISaIfpamWv At\\\\zjWw \\\\S\u00d8p\u2202 hy\u2021n\u00b0pap\u2248Xv. ]n\u2202oSv, {Inan\\\\\u00ac hnNmcW XpS\u00dfpIbmsW\u00b6n\u00ac, Cu hy\u2021n\u00b0v hnNmcWbn\u00ac ]s\u00b6Sp\u00b0phm\u2265 km[n\u00b0pIbn\u221a'' (CCEO c. 1468). Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\bn\u00ac tae\u2264y\u00a3\u2265 (Hierarch) F\u2202XpsIm\u2260v Dt\u00b1in\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202Xv cq]Xm tae \u2264y\u00a3\u2265 AYhm \\\"\\\"DtZymKklPamb `cWm[n Imcap\u2248hcmbn ka\u00bf\u220fnXPohnXkaql\u00dffnep\u2248 taP\u00bf kp\u220focnb\u00bfamcpw'' (cf. CCEO c. 984,\u00a7\u00a71-3) BWv. AXn\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 s^mtdm\\\\hnImcnam\u00bf, CS hIhnImcnam\u00bf XpS\u00dfn a\u2030v GXv t\\\\XrXzip {iqjbnembncn\u00b0p\u2202h\u00bf\u00b0pw C\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 {]mYanI At\\\\zjW\u00d8n\\\\v D\u00d8chnSphm\u2265 A[nImcap\u2260mbncn\u00b0p\u2202X\u221a. C\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw Bcw`nt\u00b0\u2260Xv tae\u2264y \u00a3s\u201a Hcp Un{InbneqsSbmbncn\u00b0Ww. AXp t]mse {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw Ahkm\\\\n\u220fn t\u00b0\u2260Xpw AXpt]msebp\u2248 as\u2030mcp Un{InbneqsS bmbncn\u00b0Ww. {]mYanI At\\\\zjW\u00d8n\\\\v tae\u2264y\u00a3\u2265 D\u00d8chntS\u2260Xv \\\"\\\"B Ip\u2030s\u00d8\u00b0pdn\u00aep\u2248 Adnhv'' tae\u2264y\u00a3\\\\v e`n\u00b0pt\u00bamgmWv. F\u221am \\\\nbaewL\\\\ \u00dffpw Ip\u2030\u00dff\u221a. AXn\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202, km[mcW \\\\nbaewL\\\\\u00dffpsS Imcy\u00d8n\u00ac, {]mYanI At\\\\zjW\u00d8n\\\\p\u00d8chnSp\u2202Xn\\\\v ]Icw tae\u2264y \u00a3\\\\v, sX\u2030psNbvX Bsf Xncp\u00d8phm\u2265 km[n\u00b0pw. Cu Xncp\u00d8ens\u201a `mKambn sX\u2030v C\\\\n Bh\u00bf \u00d8n\u00b0cpsX\u2202pw C\\\\nbpw sX\u2030mh\u00bf\u00d8n\u00aem\u00ac AXv injm\u00bflambncn\u00b0psa\u2202pw ]d\u2122psIm\u2260p\u2248 113","in\u00a3map\u2202dnbn\u220fv (penal percept) sImSp\u00b0phm\\\\pw km[n\u00b0pw. Hcp hy\u2021n in\u00a3m\\\\nbatam in\u00a3map \u2202dnbnt\u220fm ewLn\u00aeXmbn tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\\\\v Adnhv In\u00b4pt\u00bamgmWv {]mYanI At\\\\zjW\u00d8n\\\\v D\u00d8c hntS\u2260Xv. tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\u2265 t\\\\cn-\u00b4mWv At\\\\zjn\u00b0p \u2202sX\u00b6n\u00act]mepw {]mYanI At\\\\zjW D\u00d8chv (decree) Cdt\u00b0\u2260XmWv. {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw \\\\S\u00d8phm\u2265 \\\"\\\"Hcp Ip\u2030s\u00d8\u220f\u2030nbp\u2248 Adnhv'' tae\u2264- y\u00a3- \\\\v e`n\u00aem\u00ac am{Xw aXnbmIpw. as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122m\u00ac Hcp ]cmXn\u00b0mc\u2265 tcJmaqew ]cmXn Xtc\u2260 Bhiy an\u221a tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\\\\v {]mYanI At\\\\zjW\u00d8n\\\\v D\u00d8chnSphm\u2265. hm\u00b0mep\u2248 ]cmXnbpw hnizk\\\\obsa\u2202v tae[y\u00a3\\\\v tXm\u2202p\u2202]\u00a3w Dua\u00b0\u00d8pIfpsS shfn\u00ae\u00d8n\u00act]mepw {]mYanI At\\\\zjW\u00d8n\\\\v D\u00d8chnSphm\u2265 tae\u2264- y\u00a3- \\\\v km[n\u00b0pw. F\u2202m\u00ac tcJmaqew ]cmXns\u220f\u00b4n\u00b4pw tae\u2264- y\u00a3- \u2265 bmsXmcp \\\\S]SnIfpw kzoIcn\u00b0p\u2202n s\u221a\u2202v I\u2260m\u00ac, ]cmXns\u220f\u00b4n\u00b4v Adp-]Xv Znhkam Ipt\u00bam\u0192 ]cmXn\u00b0mc\\\\v tae-\u2264y-\u00a3s\\\\ tcJmaqew ho\u2260pw A\u00b0mcyw Hm\u00bf\u2126n\u220fn\u00b0phm\u2265 km[n\u00b0pw. ho\u2260pw tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\u2265 \\\\njv{Inb\\\\mbncp\u2202m\u00ac, ho\u2260pw ap\u220fXv Znhk\u00df\u0192\u00b0ptijw {]kvXpX tae-\u2264y-\u00a3s\u201a D\u2202Xm[nImcnsb kao]n\u00b0phm\u2265 ]cmXn\u00b0mc\\\\v AhImiap\u2260v (cf. CCEO c.1518). kmam\\\\yKXnbn\u00ac {]mYanI At\\\\zjWkwL \u00d8n\u00ac aq\u2202v AwK\u00dffmWv D\u2260mbncnt\u00b0\u2260Xv. AXn\u00ac G\u2030hpw {][m\\\\n At\\\\zjI (investigator\/instructor) \\\\mWv. At\u00b1lt\u00d8msSm\u220fw t\\\\m\u00b4dnbpw \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3I\\\\pw (promotor of justice) AS\u00dfp\u2202XmWv ]uc-kvXy-Im-\\\\\u2265\\\\nbaw ChnsS hn`mh\\\\w sN\u00f8p\u2202 {]mYanI At\\\\zjWkwLw. At\\\\zjWkwLw BZyambn tI\u0192t\u00b0\u2260Xv, AYhm hnkvXcnt\u00b0\u2260Xv ]cmXn\u00b0mcs\\\\bmWv. kXyta ]dbpIbp\u2248q F\u2202pw kXyw am{Xta ]dbpIbp\u2248q F\u2202pw apgph\u2265 kXyhpw ]dbpsa\u2202pap\u2248 hnip\u2264{K\u0178s\u00d8 sXm\u00b4p\u2248 kXy{]Xn\u2044\u00b0v tijambncn\u00b0Ww Bsf hnkvXcnt\u00b0\u2260Xv. hnkvXcn\u00aeXns\u201a ]I\u00bf\u220fv t\\\\m\u00b4dn FgpXnbp\u2260m\u00b0nbXv At\u00b1ls\u00d8 hmbn\u00aep tI\u0192\u220fn\u00b0pIbpw At\\\\zjI\\\\pw t\\\\m\u00b4dnbpw hnkvXcn\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4 hy\u2021nbpw B dnt\u220fm\u00bf\u00b4n\u00ac H\u220fntS\u2260XpamWv. {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw Ip\u2030w hn[n\u00b0m\\\\p\u2248X\u221a. Ip\u2030w \\\\S\u2202ncn\u00b0phm\u2265 km[yXbpt\u2260msb\u2202v I\u2260p]nSn\u00b0phm\\\\mWv. AXn\\\\m\u00ac Xs\u2202, Ip\u2030w\\\\S\u2202p F\u2202Xn\\\\p\u2248 sXfnhpI\u0192 hy\u2021ambn\u00b4p\u2248 tIkpIfn\u00ac Cu {]mYanI At\\\\zjWw D]cn\u03c0hambncn\u00b0psa\u2202v \\\\n\u203abn\u00aev tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\\\\v ASp\u00d8L\u00b4\u00d8nte\u00b0v IS\u00b0mhp\u2202XmWv. {]mYanI At\\\\zjWkwLw F{X km\u00a3nIsf hnkvXcn\u00b0Wsa\u2202v Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nbaw hy\u2021am\u00b0p \u2202n\u221a. Ip\u2030\u00d8ns\u201a kz`mhw, kmlNcyw XpS\u00dfnb hnjb\u00df\u0192 At\\\\zjnt\u00b0\u2260 {]kvXpX kwLw F\u00d8nt\u00aetc\u2260Xv H\u2202pIn\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\sbmcp Ip\u2030w sNbvXncn\u00b0phm\u2265 bmsXmcp km[yXbpan\u221amsb t\u2202m, Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\u2265 Ip\u2030w sNbvXncn\u00b0phm\\\\p\u2248 km[yX At\\\\zjW\u00d8n\u00ac hy\u2021ambXn\\\\m\u00ac B\u0192s\u00b0Xnsc k`mt\u00b0mSXnbneqsSbp\u2248 Ip\u2030hn NmcW \\\\St\u00d8\u2260XmWv Ft\u2202m AYhm tae[n Imcn t\\\\cn\u00b4p\\\\S\u00d8p\u2202 tImSXn]ca\u221am\u00d8 in\u00a3m \\\\S]Sn{Iaw \\\\S\u220fnem\u00b0Wsat\u2202m D\u2248 Xs\u201a tcJmaqeamb A`n{]mbw (considered canonical opinion) tcJs\u220fSp\u00d8ns\u00b0m\u2260mbncn\u00b0Ww. {]mY anI At\\\\zjW\u00d8n\u00ac IqSpX\u00ac KuchXcamb Ip\u2030w (gravius delictum) \\\\S\u2202XmbmWv kwibn \u00b0s\u220fSp\u2202Xmbn I\u2260m\u00ac, hnhcw h\u00d8n\u00b0m\\\\nse B Ip\u2030w ssIImcywsN\u00f8p\u2202 Imcymebs\u00d8 Adnbn\u00b0phm\\\\pw {]mYanI At\\\\zjW dnt\u220fm\u00bf\u00b4n\u00ac FgpXnt\u00ae\u00bft\u00b0\u2260XmWv (cf. 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At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a \u00ffm\\\\w cmPy\u00d8ns\u201a tImSXnbnse ]\u00aanIv t{]mknIyq\u00b4 dnt\u201a-Xn\\\\v XpeyamWv. ]cmXn ^b\u00ac sNt\u00f8\u2260 Xpw sXfnhpI\u0192 \\\\nc\u00d8n tIkv hmZn\u00aev Ip\u2030mtcm ]nX\u2265 in\u00a3m\u00bfl\\\\msW\u2202v sXfnbnt\u00b0\u2260Xpw F\u00a5v in\u00a3-bmWv \\\\evtI-\u2260-sX\u2202v tImSXntbmSv At]\u00a3nt\u00b0\u2260Xpw At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a NpaXebm Wv. 2) BZys\u00d8 ]cmXn\u00b0mc\u2265 AYhm Ip\u2030mtcm]nX s\u201a AXn{IawsIm\u2260v _p\u2264nap\u00b4p\u2260mb B\u0192 km\u00a3nIfpsS KW\u00d8- ne- mWv hcp\u2202sX\u00b6nepw Xs\u2202 {]tXyIw tI\u0192\u00b0Wsa\u2202pw th\u2260nh \u2202m\u00ac 117","X\\\\n\u00b0v kz\u00a5ambn Hcp h\u00b0oens\\\\ hbv\u00b0m-\\\\\\\\phZn\u00b0Wsa\u2202pw tImSXntbmSv At]\u00a3n \u00b0phm\\\\mhpw. 3) hnizmkkwc\u00a3I\\\\v, Xm\u2265 \\\\nban\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4ncn\u00b0p \u2202 tImSXnbn\u00ac am{Xta tIkv ^b\u00ac sN\u00f8m \\\\mhq: \\\"\\\"Db\u00bf\u2202 tImSXnbpsSap\u00bamsI, B tImSXn\u00b0pth\u2260n \\\\nban\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4ncn\u00b0p\u2202 \\\\oXn-kw-c- \u00a3-I\u2265 ]cm-Xn-\u00b0m-cs\u201a \u00ffm\\\\\u00d8v {]h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0p\u2202p'' (cf. CCEO c.1472, \u00a72). 4) \\\"\\\"Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-X\u2265 Ip\u2030w G\u2030p-]-d-bp-hm\u2265 IS-s\u220f-\u00b4-h-\\\\-\u221a. {]Xn-\u2044-sb-Sp-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 Bhiys\u220fSphm\\\\pw km[n\u00b0n\u221a'' (CCEO c.1471, \u00a72). 5) Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\\\\v Hcp h\u00b0o\u00ac AXymhiyamWv. Abm\u0192 kzbambn Hcp h\u00b0oens\\\\ hbv\u00b0p-\u2202n-s\u221a- \u00b6n\u00ac tImSXnXs\u2202 tImSXnbpsS Nnehn\u00ac Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-X-\\\\mbn h\u00b0o-ens\\\\ hbvt\u00b0\u2260XmWv (cf. CCEO c.1474). 6) k`mt\u00b0mSXnIfn\u00ac km\u00a3nIsf hnkvXcn \u00b0p\u2202Xv PUvPnam\u00bf Xs\u2202bmWv. \\\\oXnkw c\u00a3I\\\\pw Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-X\\\\pw X\u00df\u0192\u00b0pth\u2260n km\u00a3yw \\\\\u00acIphm\u2265 X\u00f8mdp\u2248hcpsS ]\u00b4nI bpw AhtcmSv tNmZnt\u00b0\u2260 tNmZy\u00dffpw tImS Xn\u00b0v ka\u00bf\u220fnt\u00b0\u2260XmWv. km\u00a3nIsf hn kvXcn\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 \\\\oXn kwc\u00a3I\\\\pw Ip\u2030mtcm ]nXs\u201a h\u00b0o-en\\\\pw PUvPnbpsS k\u2126Xt\u00d8m SpIqSn hnkvXmckab\u00d8v k\u2202nlnXcmIphm\\\\pw km[n\u00b0pw. AXpt]mseXs\u2202 \\\\ymbm[n]\u2211m\u00bf \u00b0v tNmZn\u00b0phm\\\\mbn IqSpX\u00ac tNmZy\u00df\u0192 FgpXns\u00b0mSp\u00b0phm\\\\pw km[n\u00b0pw. F\u2202m\u00ac, Ah\u00bf\u00b0v BtcmSpw t\\\\cn\u00b4v tNmZyw tNmZn\u00b0phm\u2265 A\\\\phmZan\u221a. 7) Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-Xs\\\\ hnNmcW sN\u00f8pt\u00bam\u0192, X\u2019a bw k\u2202nlnX\\\\mbns\u00b0m\u2260v Hmtcm tNmZyhpw \\\\ymbm[n]\u2265 tNmZn\u00aepIgnbpt\u00bamfp\u2248 adp]Sn bpsS shfn\u00ae\u00d8n\u00ac At\u220fmgt\u220fm\u0192 D]tNmZy \u00df\u0192 FgpXn \\\\ymbm-[n-]\\\\v sImSp\u00b0phm\\\\pw hnizmkkwc\u00a3I\\\\v km[n\u00b0pw. 8) in\u00a3m\\\\S]SnbpsS `mKambp\u2248 tImSXn hnNmcWbpsS Ahkm\\\\w \\\"\\\"tIkns\u201a Hcp N\u00bf\u00ae hmNnIambn \\\\St\u00d8\u2260XmWv'' (cf. CCEO c.1476). Cu hmNnIN\u00bf\u00aebn\u00ac \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3I\\\\pw Ip\u2030mtcm]Xn\\\\pw AbmfpsS h\u00b0oepw BZyw ]cmXn X\u2202bm\u0192 AYhm Cu Ip\u2030waqew \u00a3Xw kw`hn\u00aebmfpw AbmfpsS h\u00b0oepw k\u2202n lnX\\\\mbncn\u00b0Ww. 9)\\\"\\\"tIkns\u201a N\u00bf\u00aebn\u00ac hy\u2021n]camtbm Xs\u201a h\u00b0o\u00ac aptJ\\\\tbm Ahkm\\\\w kwkmcn\u00b0p hm\\\\p\u2248 AhImiw Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\\\\v Ft\u220fmgp ap\u2260v'' (CCEO c.1478). 10) \\\"\\\"Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\u2265 Ip\u2030w sNbvXn\u00b4ns\u221a\u2202v {Inan-\\\\\u00ac hnNmcWbpsS GsXmcp Xc\u00d8nepw L\u00b4\u00d8nepw hy\u2021amhpIbmsW\u00b6n\u00ac Imemh[n Xo\u00bf\u2202p sh\u2202v hy\u2021ambncp\u2202m\u00act]mepw, \\\\ymbm[n]\u2265 CsXmcp hn[nbneqsS {]Jym]n\u00b0pIbpw Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-Xs\\\\ Ip\u2030-hn-ap-\u2021-\\\\m-\u00b0p-Ibpw sN\u00f8Ww'' (CCEO c.1482). as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122m\u00ac, tImSXnhn[n H\u2202pIn\u00ac \\\"\\\"Ip\u2030\u00b0mc\u2265'', As\u221a\u00b6n\u00ac \\\"\\\"Ip\u2030w sXfn\u2122n\u00b4n\u221a'' F\u2202o c\u2260pXcw am{Xam bm\u00ac t]mcm, {]Xyp-X, aq\u2202maXmbn Ip\u2030mtcm ]nX\u2265 \\\"\\\"Ip\u2030w sNbvXn\u00b4n\u221a'' F\u2202p\u2248 \\\"\\\"\\\\nc]cm[n'' F\u2202 hn[n IqSn BImsa\u2202v ]uc-kvXy-Im- \\\\\u2265\\\\n-baw hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p-\u2202p. 1.1.3. tImSXn \\\\S]Sn{Iaw IqSmsXbp\u2248 in\u00a3Npa\u00d8\u00ac henb altdm\u2265in\u00a3 (major excommunication), sshZnIhr\u00d8nbn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202p\u2248 Unkvan-\u00a0\u00ac (deposition) XpS\u00dfnb henb in\u00a3I\u0192 am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fbvt\u00b0m am\u00bf]m\u220fbpsS A[nImcw D]tbmKn\u00b0p\u2202 h\u00d8n\u00b0m\\\\nse Imcymeb\u00df\u0192t\u00b0m A\u221amsX tImSXn hn[nIfneqsS am{Xta hn[n\u00b0m\\\\mhq. AXpw aq\u2202v \\\\ymbm[n]\u2211mcS\u00dfnb s_\u00a9pIfmWv A\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 tIkpI\u0192 ssIImcyw sNt\u00f8\u2260Xv. F\u2202m\u00ac, Nne {]tXyI kmlNcy\u00dffn\u00ac tImSXn hyhlmcw IqSmsXXs\u2202, tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\\\\v Nne {]tXyI in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{Ia\u00df\u0192 ]men\u00aepsIm\u2260v Ip\u2030\u00b0mc\\\\mbn Is\u2260\u00d8p\u2202 hy\u2021nsb sNdnb in\u00a3I\u0192sIm\u2260v in\u00a3n\u00b0m\\\\mhpw: \\\"\\\"C{]Imcap\u2248 Iev]\\\\ ss\u00ablnIknwlmk\\\\\u00d8n\\\\p]pdta, X\u00dffpsS A[nImc]cn[n\u00b0p\u2248n\u00ac ]m{Xn-bm\u00bf\u00b0o-knt\\\\m, taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aep-_n-j-\u220fn-t\\\\m, cq]Xm sa{Xmt\\\\m, Hcp ka\u00bf\u220fnXPohnXkaql\u00d8ns\u201a DtZymKklPamb `cWm[nImcap\u2248 taP\u00bf kp\u220focnbdnt\\\\m ]pds\u220fSphn\u00b0mhp\u2202XmWv; as\u2030\u221amhcpw Hgnhm\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4ncn\u00b0p\u2202p'' (CCEO c.1402,\u00a73). \\\"\\\"... {Inan-\\\\\u00ac hyhlmcw ths\u2260 \u2202phbv\u00b0phm\u2265 X\u00b0 Kuchamb ImcW\u00df\u0192 D\u2260mbncn\u00b0pIbpw Ip\u2030\u00d8ns\u201a sXfnhpI\u0192 Xo\u00bf\u00aebmbncn\u00b0pIbpamsW\u00b6n\u00ac, in\u00a3 DtZymKtam \u00ffm\\\\nI\\\\matam FSp\u00d8v Ifbp\u2202tXm, Hcp h\u00bfj\u00d8n\u00ac IqSpXep\u2248 kkvs]\u2265j\u2265, Xmgv\u2202 ]Zhnbnte\u00b0p\u2248 XcwXmgv\u00d8\u00ac, \u00ffm-\\\\-{`-jvS-\\\\m-\u00b0\u00ac, henb altdm\u2265 in\u00a3 F\u2202nh A\u221am\u00d8St\u00d8mfw, 1486, 1487 F\u2202o Imt\\\\m-\\\\-I-f-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev tImSXn \\\\S]Sn{Iaa\u221amsXbp\u2248 Hcp Iev]\\\\ (extra-judicial decree) hgn {]kvXpXIp\u2030w in\u00a3n\u00b0s\u220fSmhp\u2202XmWv'' (CCEO c.1402, \u00a72). tImSXnhyhlmc\u00df\u0192 Ft\u220fmgpw hfscb[nIw kabw FSp\u00b0p\u2202XmWv. It\u00d8men\u00b0mk`bnse Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nb- a- \u00d8- ns\u201a BXy\u00a5nIe\u00a3yw B\ufb02m\u00b0 fpsS c\u00a3bmbXn\\\\m\u00ac, Nnebhkc\u00dffnse\u00b6nepw DX\u220fp-I-fp\u2260mIp\u2202Xv XSbp\u2202Xn\\\\v \\\\oXn\\\\ymb hyh\u00ff Aev]w XzcnXKXnbn\u00ac {]h\u00bf\u00d8nt\u00b0 \u2260Xv AhiyambXn\\\\memWv in\u00a3m\\\\S]Sn{I a\u00d8n\u00ac ]m\u203amXy]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nba\u00d8n\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\sbmcp hIp\u220fv D\u2260m\u00b0nbncn\u00b0p\u2202Xv. ChnsS bpw Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\\\\v kzbw 118","\\\\oXoIcn\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\p\u2248 Ahkcw ]q\u00bfWambn \\\\\u00acInbn\u00b4p\u2260pXm\\\\pw: \\\"\\\"\u00a71. in\u00a3 Npa-\u00d8p\u2202 Iev]\\\\bpsS km[pXbv\u00b0v Xmsg\u220fdbp\u2202h BhiyamWv: 1\u00b0. \\\\nba\u00d8ns\u201a \\\\n_\u2018\\\\b\\\\pkcn\u00aev Adnbn\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4tijw Ip\u2030m tcm]nX\u2265 lmPcmIphm\u2265 hogvN hcp\u00d8nbn\u00b4n\u221am\u00d8 ]\u00a3w Btcm]Ws\u00d8\u00b0pdn\u00aepw sXfnhpIsf\u00b0pdn \u00aepw Abm\u0192 Adnbn\u00b0s\u220fSpIbpw kzbw \\\\oXoI cn\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\p\u2248 AhImiw ]q\u00bfWambn hn\\\\ntbm Kn\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\p\u2248 Ahkcw \\\\\u00acIs\u220fSpIbpwthWw; 2\u00b0. \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3IcpsSbpw t\\\\m\u00b4dnbpsSbpw km\u2202n\u2264y\u00d8n\u00ac, tae\u2264y\u00a3s\u201abpw As\u221a\u00b6n\u00ac At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a {]Xn\\\\n[nbpsSbpw Ip\u2030mtcm]nX s\u201abpw ap\u00bamsI hmNnI N\u00bf\u00ae \\\\S\u00d8Ww; 3\u00b0. in\u00a3 ASn\u00ffm\\\\am\u00b0nbncn\u00b0p\u2202 hkvXpXm]chpw \\\\nba]chpamb ImcW\u00df\u0192 Iev]\\\\bn\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 hy\u2021am\u00b0nbncnt\u00b0\u2260XmWv'' (CCEO c.1486). C\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 ad- ministrative penal process\u02dbepw \\\\oXnkwc\u00a3I\\\\pw t\\\\m\u00b4dnbpap\u2260mIWw. Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\\\\v kz\u00a5ambn h\u00b0o\u00ac D\u2260mIWsa\u2202v \\\\n\u00bf_\u2018an\u221a. F\u2202m\u00ac, Ip\u2030mtcm]nX\\\\v Hcp Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nbahnZKv\u2264s\u201a klmbw tXSp\u2202Xn\\\\v \\\\nbaw FXncp\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202pan\u221a. X\\\\ns\u00b0Xnscbp\u2248 Btcm]W\u00dffpw sXfnhpIfpw IqSnbp\u2248 ImcWwImWn-\u00b0\u00ac I\u00d8n\\\\p\u2248 adp]Sn Hcp \\\\nba hnZKv\u2264s\u201a klmbt\u00d8msS Abm\u0192\u00b0v X\u00f8mdm\u00b0mhp\u2202XmWv. A\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 adp]Sn X\u00f8mdm\u00b0phm\u2265 c\u2260mgvNhsc kabw tNmZn\u00b0p hm\\\\pw Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-X\\\\v kmam\\\\yKXnbn\u00ac AhImiap\u2260v. tImSXn hn[nbneqsStbm, AYhm tImSXn \\\\S]Sn{Iaw IqSmsXtbm D\u2248 hn[n h\u2202pIgn \u2122m\u00ac Ip\u2030hmfnbmbn hn[n\u00b0s\u220f\u00b4 B\u0192\u00b0v {]kvXpX hn[ns\u00b0Xnsc A\u220fo-en-\\\\p\u2248 Ahkchp ap\u2260v. C\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 A\u220fo\u00acImeL- \u00b4- \u00d8- n\u00ac in\u00a3 A\\\\p`hnt\u00b0\u2260Xn\u221aXm\\\\pw. 1487\u02db- mw Imt\\\\m-\\\\, tImSXn \\\\S]SnIqSmsXbp\u2248 in\u00a3m-hn-[n-s\u00b0-Xn-cm-bp\u2248 At]\u00a3sb\u220f\u2030n C\u00dfs\\\\ hy\u2021am\u00b0nbncn\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"\u00a71. in\u00a3 Npa-\u00d8p\u2202 Iev]-\\\\-bvs\u00b0-Xn-sc-bp\u2248 At]-\u00a3, {]kvXpX Iev]\\\\ Adn-bn-\u00b0-s\u220f\u00b4tijw e`yamb ]\u00d8v Znhk\u00df\u0192\u00b0p\u2248n\u00ac _\u2018s\u220f\u00b4 A[nImcn\u00b0v ka\u00bf\u220fnt\u00b0\u2260XmWv. \u00a72. Cu At]\u00a3 Iev]-\\\\-bpsS {]m_-eys\u00d8 XS-bp-\u2202p. \u00a73. D\u2202-Xm-[n-Im-cn-bpsS Xocpam\\\\\u00d8ns\\\\Xncmbn ho\u2260psamct]\u00a3 C\u221a.'' Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\bpsS aq\u2202mw JWvUn-I-bn\u00ac ]d\u2122ncn\u00b0p\u2202Xv D\u2202-Xm-[n-Im- cn-bpsS Xocp-am-\\\\-\u00d8n-s\\\\-Xn-cmbn ho\u2260p-sam-c-t]\u00a3 km[ya\u221a F\u2202msW\u00b6nepw h\u00d8n-\u00b0m\u2265 Imcym- e-b-\u00df\u0192 \\\\nehn\u00ac A\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 At]\u00a3I\u0192 ]cnKWn\u00b0p\u2202p\u2260v. DZmlcW\u00d8n\\\\v, Hcp k\\\\ymksshZn-Is\\\\ Bdv amk-t\u00d8\u00b0v kkvs]\u2265Uv sNbvXpsIm\u2260p\u2248 At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a s{]m- hn\u2265jy\u00ac kp\u220fo-cn-b-dns\u201a in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-s\u00b0-Xnsc {]kvXpX sshZn-I\u2265 kz\u00a5w k\\\\ym-k-k-`-bpsS P\\\\-dm-f-\u00aes\\\\ kao]n\u00b0pIbpw P\\\\-dm-f-\u00ae\u2265 At\u00b1-l-\u00d8ns\u201a At]\u00a3 (recourse) X\u2248n-b-Xn-s\\\\-Xnsc At\u00b1lw ]uc-kvXy-Im-cym-e-bs\u00d8 kao]n\u00b0pIbpw ]uc-kvXy-Im-cym-e-bhpw At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a At]\u00a3 X\u2248nbt\u220fm\u0192 At\u00b1lw h\u00d8n-\u00b0m-\\\\nse AXyp-\u2202XtImSXnbmb kn\u2122-\u00d8qc A\u220f-kvtXm- en\u00b0- t- bbpw kao]n\u00b0pIbpw kn\u2122\u00d8- qc A\u220fk- vtXme- n\u00b0- bpw Ahkm\\\\w At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a At]\u00a3 X\u2248n-\u00b0-f-\u2122p-sIm\u2260v Xo\u00bf\u220fm-\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXXv B k\\\\ym-k-k-`m-[n-Im-cn-I\u0192\u00b0v Imt\\\\m-\\\\nI D]- tZiw \\\\\u00acInbncp\u2202 Cu teJ-I\\\\v hy\u2021ambn Adnbmhp\u2202XmWv. 2. sshZn-I-scbpw k\\\\y-kvX-scbpw in\u00a3n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\p\u2248 {]tXyI \\\\S-]-Sn-{Iaw (2009) ]uc-kvXy-k-`mw-K-\u00df\u0192\u00b0m-bp\u2248 in\u00a3m-\\\\n-b-ahpw in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-{I-a-\u00dffpw ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m-\\\\- kw-ln-X-bn\u00ac BWv ImWp-\u2202-sX-\u00b6nepw hfsc Kuc-h-amb Ip\u2030-\u00df\u0192\u00b0p\u2248 Nne in\u00a3-Ifpw AXn- t\\\\m-S-\\\\p-_-\u2018n-\u00aep\u2248 \\\\S-]-Sn-{I-a-\u00dffpw 2001-\u02db-am-\u2260n\u00ac tPm\u00a8 t]m\u0192 c\u2260m-a\u2265 am\u00bf]m\u220f ]pd-s\u220f-Sp-hn\u00ae Sacramentorum Sanctitatits Tutela F\u2202 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8n-eqsS h\u00d8n-\u00b0m-\\\\nse hnizm-k-Im-cym-e-b-\u00d8ns\u201a am{Xw A[n-Im-c-ko-a-bn\u2265Iogn-em-\u00b0n-bn\u00b4p\u2248 Imcyw Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nbaw ssIImcyw sN\u00f8p-\u2202-h\u00bf\u00b0v Adn- hp-\u2248-Xm-Wv. F\u2202m\u00ac, A{Xbpw {]Np-c-{]-Nmcw e`n-\u00b0m\u00d8 H\u2202mWv 2009 P\\\\p-hcn 30-\u02dbmw XobXn am\u00bf]m\u220f Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples\u02db\\\\v \\\\evInb {]tXyI A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i- \u00dffpw in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-{I-a-\u00dffpw (Prot. N. 0579\/09, March 31, 2009). Cu \\\\S-]-Sn-{I-a-\u00df-f-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev tae-\u2264y-\u00a3s\u201a A`y\u00bf\u221e\\\\ am\\\\n\u00aev Cu Imcym-e-b-\u00d8n\\\\v Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-X\\\\v kzbw \\\\oXo-I-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn- \\\\p\u2248 Ah-kcw \\\\evIn-b-tijw Hcp sshZn-I-s\\\\tbm k\\\\y-kvX-s\\\\tbm am\u00bf]m-\u220f-bpsS t\\\\cn-\u00b4p\u2248 AwKo-Imcw hm\u00dfn-b-tijw sshZn-Im-\u00a5-\u00a0n\u00ac\\\\nt\u2202m k\\\\ym-k-Po-hn-X-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\nt\u2202m A\u220fo-en-\\\\-h-k- c-an-\u221am-\u00d8-co-Xn-bn\u00ac ]ncn-\u00aep-hn-Sp-hm\u2265 km[n\u00b0pw (cf. Special Faculty II). Cu \\\\nb-a-a-\\\\p-k-cn-\u00aep\u2248 in\u00a3m\\\\- S- ]- S- n, am\u00bf]m\u220f- b- psS t\\\\cn\u00b4- p\u2248 AwKoI- mc- t- \u00d8mSpw {]tXyI A[nI- mc- t- \u00d8mS- pwI- qS- nb- p\u2248- Xpw AXv ]uc-kvXy -e-\u00d8o\u2265 k`mw-K-\u00df\u0192s\u00b0\u221amw _m[-I-hp-am-Wv. sshZn-I-cpsS {]tXyI Kuc-h-ap\u2248 \\\\nb-a-ew-L-\\\\-\u00df-fpsS ]\u203am-\u00d8-e-\u00d8n\u00ac tae-\u2264y-\u00a3-\u2211m\u00bf\u00b0v Cu {]tXyI \\\\nb-a-\\\\-S-]-Sn-{I-a-\u00df\u0192 thK- \u00d8n-ep\u2248 \\\\oXn \\\\S-\u220fn-em-\u00b0-en\\\\v klm-b-I-c-am-Ipw. 3. hfsc Kuc-h-ta-dnb Ip\u2030-\u00dffpw hnizm-k-Im-cym-e-bhpw hfsc Kuchtadnb Ip\u2030\u00df\u0192 (More Grave Delicts) F\u2202v hnip\u2264 tPm\u00a8 t]m\u0192 c\u2260ma\u2265 am\u00bf]m\u220f Xs\u2202 Sacramentorum Sanctitatis Tutela bn\u00ac hntijn\u220fn\u00aencn\u00b0p\u2202 Ip\u2030\u00df\u0192\u00b0p\u2248 in\u00a3 hnizmkImcymeb\u00d8ns\u201a A\u00aeS\u00b0\\\\S]SnI\u0192 \u00b0mbp\u2248 Hm^okv hn`mKamWv ssIImcyw sN\u00f8p\u2202Xv. 119","h\u00d8n\u00b0m\u2265 Imcymeb\u00dffpsS tPmen ]p\\\\\u00bf\\\\n\u00bf\u00c6bn\u00aepIgn\u2122t\u220fm\u0192 Pontifical Council for the Protection of Minors F\u2202 Hcp I\u2126oj\u2265 hnizm kImcyme-b-\u00d8ns\u201a `mKambn {]h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0p\u2202p s\u2260\u00b6nepw sshZnIcpsS {]mb]q\u00bf\u00d8nbmhm \u00d8hcpsS t\\\\scbp\u2248 ssewKnIm Xn{Iaw XpS\u00dfn hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\bvs\u00b0Xncmbp\u2248 KuchXcamb Ip\u2030\u00df\u0192 D\u0192s\u220fsS F\u221amw hnizmkImcym eb\u00d8ns\u201a A\u00aeS\u00b0\\\\S]SnI\u0192\u00b0mbp\u2248 sk\u00a3\\\\n te\u00b0mWv {]mcw` At\\\\zjW\u00d8ns\u201a dnt\u220fm\u00bf\u00b4v klnXw tae\u2264y-\u00a3-\u2211m\u00bf Ab\u00aepsImSpt\u00b0\u2260Xpw AXn\\\\ptijw B Imcymeb\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202p\u2248 \\\\n\u00bf t\u00b1ia\\\\pkcn\u00aev XpS\u00bf\\\\S]SnI\u0192 kzoIcnt\u00b0\u2260Xpw. 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Cu teJ\\\\w FgpXn\u00d8ocp\u2202Xv 2023 am\u00bf\u00aev Ccp]Xmw XobXn sshIpt\u2202camWv. aqgn\u00b0pfw CShIbnse \\\\nbahncp\u2264amb hnaXcpsS kac\u00b0p\u00bf_m\\\\bpsS hoUntbm Zriy\u00df\u0192 I\u2260pIgn\u2122p. \\\"\\\"Ch\u00bf sN\u00f8p\u2202sXs\u00a5\u2202v Ch\u00bf Adnbp\u2202n\u221a; ChtcmSv \u00a3an\u00b0Wta, I\u00bf\u00d8mth'' F\u2202v {]m\u00bf\u221en\u00b0Wsa\u2202p\u2260v. F\u2202m\u00ac km[n\u00b0p \u2202n\u221a. ImcWw, Ch\u00bf sN\u00f8p\u2202sXs\u00a5\u2202v Ch\u00bf Adnbp\u2202p. Chsc kvt]m\u00a8k\u00bf sN\u00f8p\u2202 k`m hncp\u2264i\u2021nI\u0192\u00b0v Ct\u220fm\u0192 kt\u00a5mjn\u00b0mw. AIse ae_mdn\u00ac, thZ\\\\n\u00b0p\u2202, ]mhs\u220f\u00b4 I\u00bfjI\u00bf\u00b0mbn c\u2260nSb\u2211m\u00bf {]hmNIZuXyw \\\\n\u00bfhln\u00b0p\u2202Xpt]mse, X\u00dffpsS BSpI\u0192\u00b0mbn knwlK\u00bf\u00f7\\\\apb\u00bf\u00d8pt\u00bam\u0192, ChnsS, B\u00bf\u00b0pw th\u2260n H\u2202pw sN\u00f8m\\\\n\u221am\u00d8, AYhm Adnbm\u00d8, \\\\qtdmfw ]\u00b4\u00b0m\u00bf A\\\\pkcWt\u00b0Sv \\\\mSIw BSn\u00d8I\u00bf\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192, \\\"\\\"kmhq\u0192, kmhq\u0192'' F\u2202p\u2248 I\u00bf\u00d8mhns\u201a hnfn (cf. Acts 9:14) AhcpsS I\u00bf\u00c6]pS\u00dffn\u00ac A[nIw XmaknbmsXsb\u00d8p sa\u2202v \\\\ap\u00b0v {]Xymin\u00b0mw. 120","FdWmIpfw-\u02dbA\u00b6amen AXncq]Xbnse `qan hnhmZhpw kn\u2122\u00d8qc A\u220fkvtXmen\u00b0bpsS A\u00a5nahn[nbpw: Hcp AhtemI\\\\w tUm. sPbnwkv amXyp ]m\u00bamd kn.-Fw.-sF BapJw 2023 P\\\\phcn 31\u02dbmw XobXn It\u00d8men\u00b0m Xncp k`bpsS ]ctam\u2202X tImSXnbmb \\\"kn\u2122\u00d8qc A\u220fkvtXmen\u00b0' ]pds\u220fSphn\u00ae, FdWmIpfw\u02dbA \u00b6amen AXncq]Xbnse c\u2260v hkvXphII\u0192 hn\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202Xv kw_\u2018amb A\u00a5nahn[n (Prot. 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Aev]wIqSn hniZam\u00b0phm\u2265 Hcp DZmlcWw IqSpX\u00ac D]Icn\u00b0pw. AXmbXv kn\\\\Un\u00ac ]s\u00b6Sp\u00d8h\u00bf 55 t]cmsW\u00b6n\u00ac AXnse tIhe`qcn]\u00a3sa\u2202v ]dbp\u2202Xv 28 BWv; A\u221amsX 50% Bb 27 tbmSv IqSn H\u2202v tN\u00bf\u00d8m\u00ac In\u00b4p\u2202 28 IW\u00b0v H\u220fn\u00b0pt\u00bam\u0192 In\u00b4p\u2202 29 A\u221a. 128","2023 G{]n\u00ac ]Xn\\\\mdmw XobXn {^m\u2265 knkv am\u00bf]m\u220f, Xs\u201a \\\"\\\"bmw {]osUw'' (Iam Pridem) F\u2202 \\\\nba]cnjvImc\u00d8neqsS ]uc kvXyImt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnXbnse 66, 102, 149, 183 F\u2202o Imt\\\\m-\\\\- I-fn\u00ac am\u2030w hcp\u00d8pIbp \u2260mbn. 2023 sabv 16\u02dbmw XobXn \\\\nehn\u00ac h\u2202 Cu \\\\nba]cnjvImc\u00d8neqsS ]uckvXy k`IfpsS sa{Xm\u2265 kn\\\\Un\u00ac Ce\u00a3\\\\n\u00ac D\u0192s\u220fsS thm\u00b4v sN\u00f8phm\u2265 dn\u00b4b\u00bfsNbvX sa{Xm\u2211mcn\u00ac 80 hb\u00a0v ]q\u00bf\u00d8nbmIm \u00d8h\u00bf\u00b0v am{Xta AhImiap\u2260mbncn\u00b0q F\u2202v Xncp\u00d8nbXpw ChnsS B\\\\pjmw KnIambn ]cma\u00bfin\u00b0p\u2202Xv D]Imc{]Zsa\u2202v tXm\u2202p\u2202p. GXmbmepw kotdm ae_m\u00bf k`bpsS \u00ffnc kn\\\\Uv AwK\u00df\u0192 F\u221amhcpwIqSn h\u00d8n\u00b0m\\\\n\u00ac ]uckvXy XncpkwL\u00d8ns\u201a {]os^IvSpw kvt\u2030\u2030v sk{I\u00b4dnbpambn Cu hnjbw N\u00bf\u00ae sNbvXn\u00b4ps\u2260\u00b6n\u00ac ss\u00ablnI knwlmk\\\\hpambn\u00b4p\u2248 BtemN\\\\ F\u2202 \\\\n_\u2018\\\\ ]q\u00bf\u00d8nbmbn\u00b4p\u2260mhmw. AYhm, 2023 BKkv\u2030v amk\u00d8nse kn\\\\-Un\\\\ptijw hniZmwi\u00df\u0192 Adnbn\u00b0Wsat\u2202m at\u2030m D\u2248 \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i\u00dffpw \\\\\u00acIs\u220f\u00b4n\u00b4p\u2260mImw. GXmbmepw \u00ffnc kn\\\\Uv AwK\u00df\u0192\u00b0v am\u00bf]m\u220fsb ImWphm\u2265 km[n\u00b0m\u00d8Xv Hcp henb ]cmPbambn hntijn\u220fn\u00b0p\u2202 hnaX\u00bf a\\\\\u00a0nem\u00b0phm\u2265 ]cmPbs\u220fSp\u2202 Imcyw ss\u00ablnI knwlmk\\\\hpambp\u2248 N\u00bf\u00aebv\u00b0v am\u00bf]m\u220fsb ImtW\u2260 Bhiyan\u221a F\u2202XmWv. ]uckvXyImt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnXbnse 48\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ hy\u2021am\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"\\\\nba \u00d8n\u00ac adn\u00aev \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1in\u00b0s\u220fSpItbm, kwK XnbpsS kz`mhw adn\u00aev \u00ffm]n\u00b0s\u220fSp-Itbm sN\u00f8p\u2202ns\u221a\u00b6n\u00ac Cu \\\\nbakwlnXbn\u00ac \\\"\\\"A\u220fkvtXmenI knwlmk\\\\w'', \\\"\\\"]cnip\u2264 knwlmk\\\\w'' F\u2202o t]cpIfn\u00ac tZymXn\u220fn \u00b0p\u2202Xv tdmam am\u00bf]m\u220fsb am{Xa\u221a, tdma\u2265 IqcnbmbpsS D]-Im-cym-e-b-\u00df-sfbpw (dicasteries) a\u2030v \u00ffm]\\\\\u00dfsfbpw IqSnbmWv.'' \\\\nbahyh\u00ffbn\u00ac Ft\u220fmgpw ]men\u00b0s\u220f tS\u2260 Hcp XXzamWv Principle of Subsidiarity F\u2202Xv. AXmbXv Xmgv\u2202 Xe\u00d8nep\u2248 Hcp A[nImcn\u00b0v sN\u00f8phm\u2265 \\\\nba]camb A[nImcap\u2248 Hcp Imcy\u00d8n\u00ac D\u2202Xm[nImcn CSs]SmXncn\u00b0pI F\u2202XmWv Cu XXz \u00d8ns\u201a ImX\u00ac. kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k`bn\u00ac taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fns\u201a A[nImc]cn[nbn \u00acs\u220f\u00b4 Imcy\u00dffmbn ]uckvXyImt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnXhgn It\u00d8men\u00b0m Xncp\u00a0`bpsS C ltemI\u00d8nse ]cam[nImcnbpw ]t{Xmkn s\u201a ]n\u2265Kmanbpamb am\u00bf]m\u220fmbm\u00ac I\u00ac\u220fn\u00aep \\\\\u00acInbn\u00b4p\u2248 A[nImc\u00dffmWv: 1) {]hniy Ifpw cq]XIfpw \u00ffm]n\u00b0pI; 2) AhbpsS AXn\u00bf\u00d8nI\u0192\u00b0v am\u2030w hcp\u00d8pI; 3) {]hn iyIsfbpw cq]XIsfbpw GIoIcn\u00b0pI; 4){]hniyIsfbpw cq]XIsfbpw hn`Pn\u00b0pI; 5) {]hniyIfpw cq]XIfpw \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8em\u00b0pI; 6)A[nImct{iWnbn\u00ac Ahbv\u00b0p\u2248 ]Zhn \u00b0v am\u2030w hcp\u00d8pI; 7) cq]Xmknwlm k\\\\w am\u2030n \u00ffm]n\u00b0pI F\u2202nh. Cu Imcy \u00dfsf\u221amw taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fn\\\\v sN\u00f8m\u2265 \\\\nbaw A\\\\phmZw \\\\\u00acIp\u2202Xn\\\\m\u00ac Ahbn semcp Imcy\u00d8n\\\\pw am\u00bf]m\u220f t\\\\cn\u00b4v CSs]\u00b4v Un{In ]pds\u220fSphnt\u00b0\u2260 Imcyan\u221aXm\\\\pw. 85-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bn\u00ac ImWp\u2202 c\u2260v \\\\n_\u2018\\\\Ifn\u00ac cq]Xm sshZnIsctbm, A\ufb02m-b-sctbm tI\u0192\u00b0Wsat\u2202m AhcpsS k\u2126Xw thWsat\u2202m, AhtcmSv BtemN\\\\ tNmZn\u00b0Wsat\u2202m ImWp\u2202n\u221a. 1896 \u00ac Xr\u00bbq\u00bf, tIm\u00b4bw hnImcnbm\u00d8pIfn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202v hn`Pn\u00aev FdWmIpfw hnImcnbm\u00d8v \u00ffm ]n\u00aet\u220fmtgm, 1923 \u00ac FdWmIpfw AXn cq]Xbmbn Db\u00bf\u00d8s\u220f\u00b4t\u220fmtgm, 1956 Pqsse 29\u02dbmw XobXn FdWmIpfw AXn-cq-]-Xsb hn`Pn\u00aev tImXawKew cq]X \u00ffm]n\u00ae t\u220fmtgm, 1993 P\\\\phcn 29\u02dbmw XobXn Fd-Wm-Ipfw AXn-cq-]-Xsb FdWmIpfw\u02dbA\u00b6amen F\u2202v am\u2030nbt\u220fmtgm Cu hn[\u00d8n\u00ac cq]Xm sshZnIsctbm, Aevambsctbm tI\u00b4n\u00b4n \u221amsb\u00b6n\u00ac C\\\\nbpw AXns\u201a Bhiyap s\u2260\u2202v tXm\u2202p\u2202n\u221a. kotdm\u02dbae_m\u00bf k` C\u2202p\u2248 Hcp cq]XbpsSbpw \u00ffm]\\\\tam hn`P\\\\tam \\\\S-\u00d8n-bXv sshZnIcpsSbpw A\ufb02m-b-cp-sSbpw CSbn\u00ac \\\\S\u00d8nb A`n{]mb thms\u00b4Sp\u220fneqsS Bbncp\u2202n\u221at\u221am. \\\\nbahyh\u00ffbn\u00ac ]d\u2122n\u00b4p\u2248 Imcy\u00df\u0192 IrXyambn ]men\u00aep\u2248 GsXmcp ss\\\\bmanI {]hr\u00d8nbpw km[phpw \\\\nbam\\\\pkrXhpambn BWv ]cnjvIrXtemIw ]cnKWn\u00b0pI. A\u220fk- vtXme- nIv AUvan\\\\nkvt{S\u2030dns\u201a Imev sh\u00b4psa\u2202v `ojWns\u220fSp\u00d8nb A\ufb02mb {]apJ\u2265, kzbw am\u00bf]m\u220f Na\u2122psIm\u2260v, \\\\h am[ya\u00dffneqsS Bt{Imin\u00b0pIbpw Aedp Ibpw ap{I-bn-Sp-Ibpw sN\u00f8p\u2202X\u221at\u221am I t\u00d8men\u00b0m k`bpsS Xocpam\\\\\u00dffpw \\\\nba hyh\u00ffbpw. A\u00dfs\\\\bp\u2248 At\u00b1l\u00d8ns\u201a i\u2013tImemle\u00df\u0192 ImWpIbpw tI\u0192\u00b0p Ibpw sN\u00f8pt\u00bam\u0192 tjIvkv]nbdns\u201a hm\u00b0p IfmWv at\\\\mapIc\u00d8n\u00ac sXfn\u2122phcp\u2202Xv: ''full of sound and fury and signifying noth- ing.'' 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It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mk- `- b- nse ]utcml- nX- y\u00d8- ns\u201a D\u2202X- a- mb alX- zs\u00d8 If\u2122- pI- pf- n\u00b0- p- \u2202- Ah\u00ff C\u2202v k`b- n\u00ac \\\\ne\\\\- n\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202- p. kaqlw C\u2202pw F\u2202pw It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mh- ni- zmk- nI- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw {]tXyI- n\u00aev ]ptcml- nX- \\\\- n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw am\\\\y- Xb- p\u2248 kwkmc- hpw {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- h- pa- mWv {]Xo\u00a3- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- .v tdmt\u00b0mk- v ioiav s- \u00b0X- nsc t]mcmS- ph- m\u2265 am\u00bf]m\u220f- mb- psS A\\\\ph- mZw tNmZn\u00ae- , am\u00bf]m\u220f- mb- psS A\\\\p- hmZ- t- \u00d8mS- pIqSn a- m{Xw Bcm[\\\\- {- Ia- \u00df- \u0192 \\\\S\u220f- m\u00b0- nb- , ]cn. Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- \u00b0- nS- b- n\u00ac [q]\u00b0- p\u2030- nb- psS D]t- bm- Ks- \u00d8\u00b0- pdn\u00aept]mepw am\u00bf]m\u220f- mb- psS A\\\\ph- mZ- \u00d8- n\\\\- t- ]\u00a3- n\u00ae kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS BZys\u00d8 hnImcn P\\\\d- mf- mb- nc- p\u2202 Nmhd- \u220f- nX- mh- ns- \u201abpw, taeqkv ioiav s- \u00b0X- nsc t]mcmS- ph- m\u2265 am\u00bf]m\u220f- mt- bmSv A\\\\ph- mZw tNmZn\u00b0pIbpw \\\"\\\"]p\u00d8\u2265Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ sNm\u221a- nb \\\\m\u0192apX- \u00ac acn\u00ae Znhk- \u00d8- n\u00ac A\u00bf\u220fn\u00ae Ip\u00bf_m- \\\\h- sc \\\"Hcp {Iaw, Hcp kab- w, Hcp samg- n, Hcp sNm\u221a'v C\u00dfs- \\\\ ip\u2264a- m\\\\ Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ C{X {Iat- \u00d8mS- p- IqSn sNm\u221a- nb- n\u00b4- p\u2248 Hcp ]\u00b4\u00b0- mc- \u2265 Cu t]mcq\u00b0- c Ipcnb- mt- \u00b0mkv Geoi- m\u00ae- \u2265 A\u221amsX a\u2030mc- pa- n\u221a'' F\u2202 alXzw tI\u0192\u220fn\u00ae kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS c\u2260ma- s\u00d8 hnImcn P\\\\d- mf- mb- nc- p\u2202 t]mcq\u00b0- c Ipcnb- mt- \u00b0mkv Geoi- m\u00ae- s\u201abpw, kotdm\u02dbae_- m\u00bfk`- b- psS kzmX{- \u00a5y\u00d8- n\\\\pw sFIy\u00d8- n\\\\- pwt- h\u2260n t]mcmS- nb kn.F- w.s- F. k`b- nse Ggv hymIpe- \u00df- f- ns- emc- ph- \\\\pw FdW- mI- pfw cq]X- b- psS {]Ya sa{Xm- \\\\pa- mb- nc- p\u2202 eqbokv ]tg]- d- \u00ba- n\u00ac ]nXmh- ns- \u201abpw, F\u221am\u00d8- ne- pa- p]- cn kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS A\u00a5\u00a0pw A`na- m\\\\- hpw F\u00b0me- hpw temI\u00d8- n\\\\- pa- p\u00ba- n\u00ac {]Imi- n\u00aep ImWW- s- a\u2202- m{- Kl- n\u00b0- pI- bpw sN\u00f8p\u2202 kntdm- \u02dba- e- _- m\u00bf hnizmk- nI- f- ps- Sbpw t]cn\u00ac FXn\u00bf kzca- pb- \u00bf\u00d8p\u2202 sshZnI- t- cmSpw hnizmk- nI- t- fmSpw R\u00df\u0192 A`y\u00bf\u221en\u00b0- pI- b- mWv hnaX- k- zc- \u00df- fpw {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- \u00df- fpw Ahk- m\\\\- n\u220f- n\u00aev k`t- bms- Sm\u00d8v Nn\u00a5n\u00b0- pI- bpw {]h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0- pI- bpw sN\u00f8pI- . hn. tbml\u2202- ms\u201a kphnt- ij- \u00d8- n\u00ac A\u00a5y\u00d8- mg- t- hf- b- n\u00ac tbip ]d\u2122 hm\u00b0pI- \u0192 Hm\u00bf\u2126h- c- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Rm\u2265 sXcs- \u2122S- p\u00d8- h- sc F\\\\n\u00b0- d- nb- mw. Fs\u201a A\u220fw `\u00a3n\u00b0- p\u2202- h- \u2265 F\\\\ns- \u00b0X- nsc IpXnI- me- p- b\u00bf\u00d8n F\u2202 Xncps- hg- p\u00d8v ]q\u00bf\u00d8nb- mt- I\u2260- nb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p.'' ]{Xm[- n]- \u00bf 134","amh-cqkv {_Z-dn\\\\v A`n-hm-Zy-\u00df\u0192 Hcp kXym-t\\\\z-jn\u00b0v am{Xta \\\\s\u221amcp hnizm-kn-bm-Im\u2265 km[n-\u00b0q. kXy-sa-s\u00a5\u2202v Adn-\u2122n\u00b4v hnizm- k-\u00d8n-ep-d\u00aep \\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p-I. Hcp \\\\\u221a hnizm-kn\u00b0p am{Xta Xs\u201a hnizm-k-{]-am-W-\u00df-fnepw ]mc-\u00ba-cy- \u00df-fnepw A\\\\p-jvTm-\\\\-\u00df-fnepw Dd\u00aep \\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p-hm\u2265 km[n-\u00b0q. Hcp k`m-hn-izm-kn-bm-sW-\u00b6n\u00ac k` ]db- p\u2202- Xv Fs\u00a5\u2202v Dd\u00aep hnizk- n\u00b0- pI- bpw A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- pI- bpw A\\\\pj- vTn\u00b0- pI- bpw sN\u00f8pw. \\\\s\u221amcp hnizm-kn\u00b0pw kXym-t\\\\z-jn\u00b0pw am{Xta k`-tbm-sSm-\u00d8v, k`-bpsS Iq\u00b4m-bva-bn\u00ac Bbn-cn-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw k`-tbm-sSm\u00d8v hnizm-ks\u00d8 {]tLm-jn-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw km[n-\u00b0q. tbip ]d-bp-\u2202p\u2260v Ft\u2202mSv IqsS-b- \u221am-\u00d8-h\u2265 F\\\\n-s\u00b0-Xn-cm-Wv. ssZhnI hgn-I-fn\u00ac Cc-\u00b4-\u00d8m\u220fv \\\\b-an-\u221a. \\\\\u2211-bpsS hgn k`-bn\u00ac Ds\u2260-\u00b6nepw kzm\u00bf\u221e-X-bnepw X\u2202n-jvS-\u00d8nepw Pohn-\u00b0p-hm\\\\mWv shdpw _e-lo-\\\\-cmb \\\\mw Xmev]cyw ImWn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. \\\\\u2211-bpsS ]mX \\\\mw Xnc-kvI-cn-\u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192 ssZhnI Imcp-Wy-s\u00d8-bmWv \\\\mw Xnc-kvI-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. Ah-km\\\\w Im]-Sy-\u00d8ns\u201a Pohn-X-ssi-en-bn\u00ac F\u00d8n-t\u00ae-cp-Ibpw sN\u00f8pw. Fs\u201a IqsS-b-\u221am-\u00d8-h\u2265 F\\\\n-s\u00b0-Xn-cmWv F\u2202v tbip ]d-bp-t\u00bam\u0192 Hm\u00bf\u00b0pI kvt\\\\l-\u00d8n\\\\pw Im]- Sy-\u00d8n\\\\pw CS-bn\u00ac a\u2264y-am\u00bf\u00a7-sam-\u2202p-an-\u221a. ssZhnI Icp-W-bm\u00ac \\\\mw Bt\u00ab-jn-\u00b0-s\u220f-S-Ww. ssZhn- Im-t\u00abjw Xnc-kvI-cn-\u00b0p-t\u00bam-gmWv lrZbw ITn-\\\\-am-Ip-\u2202-Xv. AXp-sIm-\u2260mWv Fs\u2202 A\\\\p-Iq-en- \u00b0m-\u00d8-h\u2265 F\\\\n-s\u00b0-Xn-cmsW\u2202v tbip ]d-\u2122-Xpw. am{X-a-\u221a, Ah\u2265 {InkvXp-hns\\\\ hn\u00b4v Im]-Sy-{]- h\u00bf\u00d8-\\\\-\u00df-fn\u00ac apgp-Ip-Ibpw sN\u00f8pw. Cu Nn\u00a5-I-tfm-sS-bmWv Hcp kXym-t\\\\z-jnbpw Dd\u00ae \\\\{kmWn It\u00d8m-en\u00b0m hnizm-kn-bp-amb {_Z\u00bf amh-cq-kn-s\\\\-\u00b0p-dn\u00aev Hm\u00bf\u2126n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bnse kn\\\\Uv Xocp-am-\\\\n\u00ae Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-{Iaw FdWm-Ip-fw-\u02db-A-\u00b6-amen AXn-cq- ]-X-bn\u00ac \\\\S-\u220fm-\u00b0Ww F\u2202 Bh-iy-hp-ambn \\\\ncm-lmc kXy-{Klw \\\\S-\u00d8p\u2202 amh-cqkv {_Z-dn\\\\v I\u00bf\u2126-e-Ip-kpaw amkn-I-bpsS A`n-hm-Zy-\u00df\u0192 t\\\\cp\u2202p! 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GXm\u2260v c\u2260m-bn-c-\u00d8n\\\\p apI-fn\u00ac sXcp-hp-a-\u00b0sf {_Z\u00bf amh-cqkv c\u00a3-s]-Sp\u00d8n Ah\u00bf\u00b0v \\\\\u221a PohnXw k\u2126m-\\\\n-\u00aep. \\\"ssZh- ta, A\u00df-bpsS ]\u2264-Xn-b-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev Fs\u2202 cq]-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8-Wta' F\u2202p am{X-am-bn-cp\u2202p sNdp-\u220fw-ap-X\u00ac {_Z-dns\u201a {]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\. {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ ssZhw tI\u00b4p. tI\u00b4p-sIm-t\u2260-bn-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202p. Bbn-c-\u00df-fpsS c\u00a3-I- \\\\mbn ssZhw {_Z-dns\\\\ cq]-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8n. C\\\\n kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bnse hna-X-kz-c-\u00df\u0192 C\u221am-Xm-Ip- hm\u2265 am\u2264y\u00ffw hln-\u00b0p\u2202 D\u00f7ze hy\u2021n-Xz-ambn ssZhw A\u00dfsb cq]-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8pw. kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS B\u2264ym\ufb02- nI- X- bpw ]mc\u00ba- c- yhpw kwkvImc- hpw ss]XrI- hpw sFIyhpw F\u221amw {_Z\u00bf a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0n. am\u00bf]m-\u220fm-bpsS {]t_m-[-\\\\w Fs\u00a5\u2202v A\u00dfv a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0n. 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Nmhdb\u00ae-s\u201abpw Iq\u00b4-cp-sSbpw {]h\u00bf\u00d8-\\\\-\u00df-fm\u00ac tdmt\u00b0m-kns\u201a I\u2248-\u00d8-c-\u00df-sf\u221amw P\\\\-\u00df\u0192 a\\\\-\u00a0n-em\u00b0n. KXy-\u00a5-c-an-\u221amsX tdmt\u00b0mkv Xncn-sI-t\u220fm-Ip-hm\u2265 k\u2202-\u2264-\\\\m-bn. I\u220f-en\u00ac bm{X sN\u00f8p- hm\u2265 bm{Xm-\u00b0qen X\u2202m\u00ac Xm\u2265 aS\u00dfn t]mbn-s\u00b0m-\u2248m-sa\u2202v tdmt\u00b0mkv Nmhdb\u00ae-t\\\\mSv At]- \u00a3n-\u00aep. Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 tdmt\u00b0m-kn\\\\v bm{Xm-\u00b0qen sIm-Sp-\u00b0p-Ibpw tdmt\u00b0m-kns\\\\ P\\\\-\u00df-fpsS B{I- 143","a-W-\u00df-fn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw c\u00a3-s]-Sp\u00d8n I\u220f\u00ac Ib\u2030n Ab-bv\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXp. tXmakv tdmt\u00b0m-kn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw k`sb c\u00a3n\u00ae Nmhd A\u00ae-s\\\\bpw Iq\u00b4-scbpw ]cn-ip\u2264 H\u2265]Xmw ]obqkv am\u00bf]m\u220fm {]iw-kn\u00aev I\u00d8v Ab-bv\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS ap\u2265 taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv I\u00bf\u00b1n-\\\\m\u0192 A`n-h\u00b5y am\u00bf h\u00bf\u00b0n hnX- b-\u00d8n\u00ac ]nXm-hns\u201a hm\u00b0p-I-fn\u00ac: \\\"\\\"kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bnse F\u221am AwK-\u00df-fp-sSbpw ta\u00ac A[n-Im-c-ap-\u2260m-bn-cp\u2202 hnImcn P\\\\-dmfmbn-cp\u2202p Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265. (A\u2202v kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`bv\u00b0v shdpw 154 ]\u2248n-I\u0192 am{Xw). C\u2202v ssZh-]-cn-]m-e-\\\\-bn\u00ac kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS A\u2264y-\u00a3-\\\\mbn ssZhw Fs\u2202 Xnc-s\u2122- Sp-\u00d8n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202p. Hc\u00bf\u221e-\u00d8n\u00ac Rm\u2265 Nmhd A\u00aes\u201a ]n\u2265Km-an-bmWv'' (Footprints of Holiness, souvenir, 2014). \\\"\\\"Nmhdb\u00aes\u201a [ochpw i\u2021-hp-amb \\\\ne-]m-Sn-\u221am-bn-cp-\u2202p-sh-\u00b6n\u00ac am\u00bft\u00d8m-\u2126m-\u00abo-lm-bm\u00ac \u00ffm]n-X-amb tIc-f-\u00d8nse \\\\{km-Wn-k` hgn-sX-\u2030n-t\u220fm-hp-Itbm, C\u221am-Xm-hp-Itbm sN\u00f8p-am- bn-cp\u2202p F\u2202 Ncn{XhkvXp-X \\\\mw {]tXyIw kvacn-t\u00b0-\u2260n-bn-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202p. A\\\\p-{K-lo-X-amb Xqen- I-sIm\u2260pw Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 k`sb tkhn\u00aep.'' (Deepika souvenir, 2004) kotdm ae-_m\u00bf k`bv\u00b0pth-\u2260n-bp\u2248 Nmh-d-b-\u00aes\u201a {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\ tdmt\u00b0mkv ioiva-\u00b0m-e\u00d8v Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 FgpXn {]kn-\u2264o-I-cn\u00ae P]w: \\\"\\\"P\u2211-]m-]-an-\u221amsX D\u00a4- hn\u00ae adn-b-ta, Xncp-\u00a0-`\u00b0p t\\\\cn\u00b4 F\u221am \\\\mi-\u00df-sfbpw \\\\o\u00b0nb amXm-th, ]p\u00d8-\\\\m-bn\u00b4p apf-\u00aep- \u2260m-Ip\u2202 ioiva Cu Xncp-k-`sb Ie-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 X\u00b0-h\u00c6w \\\\o ssIhn-S-cp-tX. ip\u2264-am\\\\ ]t{Xm- kns\u201a A[n-Imcw, ip\u2264 am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fmbv\u00b0v apgp-h- -\\\\mb Iogvhg\u00b0w F\u2202pw F\u221am-bn-S\u00d8pw \\\\S-\u2202p-h- cp-hm\u2265 \\\\o Ir] sN\u00f8-Wta.'' \u2666 A\\\\-kvXm-kym-bpsS c\u2021-km\u00a3yw ae-bmf `mj-bnse BZy JWvU-Im-hy-amb A\\\\-kvXm-kym-bpsS c\u2021-km\u00a3yw tdmt\u00b0mkv ioiva- bpsS Ime\u00d8v Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 Fgp-Xn-b-X-t{X. hnizm-kn-I\u0192 Ah-cpsS It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-hn-izm-k-\u00d8n\u00ac F\u00a5phne sImS- p\u00d8pw ASnb- pd- \u00aep \\\\n\u00ac\u00b0ph- m\u2265 P\\\\\u00df- \u0192- \u00b0v {]tNmZ- \\\\w \\\\\u00acIph- m\\\\- mWv Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 Cu IhnX Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. kotdm ae-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS kwc-\u00a3-W-\u00d8n\\\\pw kp\u00ffn-Xn-\u00b0p-ambn am\u2202m\\\\w Ip\u2202n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw Nmh-d-\u220fn-Xmhpw kn.-Fw.-sF. k`-bnse a\u2030p ]nXm-\u00b0-\u2211mcpw am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fm-bv\u00b0pw AXyp-\u2202X I\u00bf\u00b1n- \\\\m\u0192am\u00bf\u00b0pw Fgp-Xnb I\u00d8pI-fnse Npcp\u00b0w Nne hnh-c-\u00df\u0192: 1. tXmakv tdmt\u00b0mkv (tdm-t\u00b0mkv ioiva) F\u2202-bm\u0192 am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fm-bpsS A\\\\p-hm-Z-t\u00d8m-Sp-Iq-Sn- bmtWm tIc-f-\u00d8n-se-\u00d8n-bXv F\u2202v am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fm-tbm-Sp-Xs\u2202 Is\u00d8-gpXn At\\\\z-jn-\u00b0p-I-bpw, am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fm-bpsS A\\\\p-hm-Z-an-\u221am-sX-bmWv Abm\u0192 tIc-f-\u00d8n-se-\u00d8n-bXv F\u2202-dn\u2122v AXn-s\\\\- Xnsc ]S-s]m-cp-Xp-I-bpw -sN-bvXp. (Nm-hd ]nXmhv kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS BZys\u00d8 hnIm- cn-P-\\\\-dm-fm-bn-cp-\u2202p.) 2. taeqkv sa{Xm\u2265 (ta-eqkv ioiva) am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fm-bpsS A\\\\p-hm-Z-t\u00d8m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmtWm kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`sb `cn-\u00b0p-hm-s\\\\-\u00d8n-bXv F\u2202v kn.-Fw.sF k`-bpsS c\u2260m-as\u00d8 {]ntbm\u00bf P\\\\-dmfpw, kotdm- \u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS c\u2260m-as\u00d8 hnImcn P\\\\-dm-fp-am-bn-cp\u2202 t]mcq-\u00b0c Ipcym-t\u00b0mkv Geo-im- \u00ae\u2265 am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fmbv\u00b0v Is\u00d8-gp-Xp-Ibpw am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fm-bpsS A\\\\p-hm-Z-t\u00d8m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b\u221a taeqkv tIc-f- \u00d8n-se-\u00d8n-bXv F\u2202v Adn-bn\u220fv e`n-\u00ae-Xn-s\\\\bpw XpS\u00bf\u2202v taeq-kn-s\\\\-Xnsc ]S-s]m-cpXn k`sb kwc-\u00a3n-\u00aep. 3. hn. At\u00a5m\\\\- ok- ns\u201a k\\\\ymk- k- `- b- n\u00acs\u220f\u00b4 c\u2260v k\\\\ymk- s- shZ- nI- \u00bf hnizmk- nI- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v [\u00bf\u2126w ]ncn\u00b0- ph- ms- \\\\\u2202 hymtP\\\\ tIcf- \u00d8- ns- e\u00d8- pI- bp\u2260- mb- n. Bcw`- \u00d8- n\u00ac Ah\u00bf \\\\\u221ah- s- c\u2202p ImW- s\u220fS- pI- bpw F\u2202m\u00ac XpS\u00bf\u2202p\u2248 Ahc- psS {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- \u00df- fpw ]\u2248nb- n\u00ac A\u00bf\u220fn\u00b0- p\u2202 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- bpw Gh\u00bf\u00b0pw `b\u00d8- n\\\\p ImcW- a- mbn\u00d8ocpI- bpw sNbvXp. CXns- \\\\X- nsc Nmhd- \u220f- nX- mhv am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f- mbv\u00b0v FgpX- nb- Xv: \\\"\\\"taem\u00ac ]m{Xnb- \u00bf\u00b0ok- ns\u201a Fgp\u00d8- n\u221ams- Xtbm A\\\\ph- mZ- a- n\u221amsXtbm GsX\u00b6- nepw sa{Xm\\\\- mI- s- \u00b4, sshZnI- c- mI- s\u00b4 Ahns- S\\\\- n\u2202pw R\u00dff- psS CSb- nt- e\u00b0v Bscbpw Abb- v\u00b0c- pX- v. CXv Aht- cmS- p\u2248 shdp\u220f- ps- Imt- \u2260m, hntcm[- ws- Imt\u2260m A\u221a. ]ns\u2202tbm C{]I- mcw Abb- v\u00b0s- \u220f- Sp\u2202hc- psS km\u2202n\u2264yw R\u00dff- psS k`ma- \u00b0- f- psS B\ufb02\\\\- mi- \u00d8- n\\\\pw Ahc- ps- Sb- nS- b- n\u00ac hg\u00b0n\\\\pw ]nf\u00bf\u220fn\\\\pw CSs- ImS- p\u00b0- p\u2202- p...'' 4. s{]m-\u220f-Km\u00a5v Xncp-kw-L-\u00d8ns\u201a A\u2264y-\u00a3\u2265 Ae-Ivkm-\u2260\u00bf _\u00bfW-_mbv\u00b0v Nmh-d-\u220fn-Xmhv Fgp- Xp-\u2202Xv: \\\"\\\"Ipsd Gsd \\\\mfp-I-fmbn hnizm-kn-Ifpw sshZn-Icpw R\u00df-fpsS hnImcn A\u220f-kvtXm- en\u00b0m _\u00bfW\u00bfZo-t\\\\mkv sa{Xm-t\u220fm-eo-\u00d8m-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw AI-\u2202p-sIm-\u2260n-cn-\u00b0p-I-bm-Wv. ImcWw: At\u00b1-l-\u00d8ns\u201a Iev]-\\\\-I\u0192 I\u00bf\u00b0-ihpw \\\\nb-a-\u00df\u0192 {Iam-Xo-X-hp-am-Wv. R\u00df-fpsS hnizm-kn- I\u0192\u00b0pw sshZn-I\u00bf\u00b0pw Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-\u00d8ns\u201a _e-lo-\\\\-Xbpw D]-hn-bpsS t]mcm-bvIbpw \\\\nan\u00d8w CXp a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0m\u2265 km[n-\u00b0p-\u2202n-\u221a. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac lrZ-bw-Xp-d\u2202p Rm\u2265 ]d-bp-I-bmWv thsdmcp sa{Xm\u2265, AXm-b-Xv, sIm\u221aw hnImcn A\u220f-kvtXm-en\u00b0m Im\u00bftemkv sa{Xmt\\\\m As\u221a- \u00b6n\u00ac At\u00df\u00b0v \\\\\u221a-sX\u2202p tXm\u2202p\u2202 thsd Bsc-\u00b6n-eptam ChnsS hcp-\u2202n-s\u221a-\u00b6n\u00ac hnip\u2264 144","]\u2248nb- psS aSnb- nt- e\u00b0v Ch\u00bf Xncn\u00ae- ph- c- n\u221a- . ta\u220fSn sa{Xms\\\\ apS\u00b0p I\u00ac\u220fn\u00ae- m\u00ac Xs\u2202bpw hyXym- k-ap-\u2260m-Ip-sa\u2202p tXm\u2202p-\u2202n-\u221a. Cu At]\u00a3 I\u00acZm-b-\u00b0m-tcm-Sp\u2248 R\u00df-fpsS Nm\u00aen-se\u2202v A\u00dfv sX\u2030n-\u2264-cn-\u00b0-cp-Xv. I\u00acZm-b-\u00b0m-cpsS `c-Ww-sIm\u2260v R\u00df-fpsS k`bv\u00b0v bmsXmcp D]-Im-chpw D\u2260m-bn-\u00b4n-\u221a.'' 5. AXyp-\u2202X I\u00bf\u00b1n-\\\\m\u0192 s{]m-\u220f-Km\u00a5m Xncp-kw-L-\u00d8ns\u201a A\u2264y-\u00a3\\\\v; kpdn-bm\\\\n Imt\\\\m\u2265 P]-\u220fp- kvXIw ]cn-tim-[n\u00aev AwKo-I-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202Xn\\\\v At]-\u00a3n-\u00b0p-\u2202p. (ko-tdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bnse F\u221am aev]m-\u2211m-scbpw Iq\\\\-\u2126m-hn\u00ac hnfn-\u00aep-Iq\u00b4n Ah-cpsS ]cn-tim-[-\\\\bpw A`n-{]m-b-\u00dffpw kzoI-cn-\u00ae- Xn-\\\\p-ti-j-amWv AwKo-Im-c-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn At]-\u00a3n-\u00ae-Xv.) 6. ZpxJi-\\\\n-bmgvN {Ia-\u00df\u0192 ko-tdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bn\u00ac \\\\ne-\\\\n-\u2202n-cp-\u2202n-\u221a. Bb-Xn-\\\\m\u00ac ZpxJi-\\\\n- bmgvN {Ia\u00df- \u0192 t{ImUoI- c- n\u00aev kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- n\u00ac \\\\S\u220f- ne- m\u00b0- m\u2265 A\\\\ph- mZ- \u00d8- n\\\\- mbn At]- \u00a3n-\u00b0p-\u2202p. 7. hn. Ip\u00bf-_m-\\\\-bn\u00ac tbml-\u2202ms\u201a kphn-ti-j-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202p\u2248 \\\"BZn-bn\u00ac hN\\\\w D\u2260m-bn-cp-\u2202p....' F\u2202p XpS-\u00dfp\u2202Xv R\u00df-fpsS Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bn\u00ac hmbn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 A\\\\p-hm-Z-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn At]-\u00a3n- \u00b0p-\u2202p. 8. km[mc- W Znhk- \u00df- f- n\u00ac hn. Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- n\u00ac [q]\u00d8- ns\u201a D]t- bmKw hfsc hnja- \u00df- \u0192 krjSv n\u00b0- p- \u2202p. BIb- m\u00ac hntijZnh- k- \u00df- f- nepw BtLmj- a- mb Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- nepw Hgn\u00aep [q]\u00d8- ns\u201a D]t- bmKw Dt]\u00a3- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\- p\u2248 A\\\\ph- mZ- \u00d8- n\\\\- mbn Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 At]\u00a3- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. 9. B\u2260p-h\u00b4w apgp-h-\\\\n-ep-ap-ff Imt\\\\m-\\\\ -\\\\-a-kvImcw P]n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\p\u2248 A\\\\p-hm-Z-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn Nmh-d- b-\u00ae\u2265 At]-\u00a3- n-\u00b0p-\u2202p. 10. s{]m-\u220f-Km\u00a5m Xncp-kw-L-\u00d8ns\u201a A\u2264y-\u00a3\u2265 Ae-Ivkm-\u2260\u00bf _\u00bfW-_mbv\u00b0v Nmhd-b-\u00ae\u2265 Fgp- Xp-\u2202Xv: \\\"\\\"R\u00df\u0192 tXm\u2126m-\u00abo-lm-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw hnizmkw kzoI-cn\u00ae am\u00bft\u00d8m\u2126m {InkvXym-\\\\n-I-fm- Wv. At\\\\Iw sIm-\u221a-\u00df-fmbn R\u00df\u0192\u00b0p kz\u00a5w sa{Xm-\\\\n-\u221a. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac AXyp-\u2202X Xncp-ta-\\\\o, \\\\\u221a-sX\u2202p F\\\\n\u00b0p tXm\u2202p\u2202 Hcp kwKXn Adn-bn-\u00b0p-I-bm-Wv. ChnsS c\u2260v sa{Xm-\u2211m\u00bf D\u2260m- Ip-\u2202Xv \\\\\u221a-Xm-Wv. H\u2202v e\u00d8o\u2265 k`bv\u00b0pw as\u2030m\u2202v kpdn-bm\\\\n k`-bv\u00b0pw. CXv D]-Im-c-{]-Z-am- bn-cn-\u00b0p-sa\u2202p am{X-a\u221a, bmt\u00b0m-_-\u00b0m-sc\u2202v Adn-b-s\u220f-Sp\u2202 AI-t\u00d8m-en-\u00b0\u00bf R\u00df-fpsS c\u2021- kw-_-\u2018n-Ifpw _\u2018p-\u00b0-fp-ambn At\\\\-I-cp-\u2260v. Ah\u00bf X\u00df-fpsS ioiva Dt]-\u00a3n\u00aev It\u00d8m-en\u00b0m sFIy-\u00d8n-te\u00b0v Xncn\u00aephcp-hm\u2265 CXp klm-bn-\u00b0p-Ibpw sN\u00f8pw.' 11. ]\u2248n-bpsS ]pd-t\u00d8\u00b0v ]cn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bpsS {]Z-\u00a3nWw \\\\S-\u00d8p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 A\\\\p-hm-Z-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn hcm- \u220fpg hnImcn A\u220f-kvtXm-en\u00b0 epZ-hn-t\u00b0mkv sa{Xm-t\u220fm-eo-\u00d8m-tbmSv Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 At]-\u00a3n-\u00b0p- \u2202p. 12. Xncpl- rZ- b- `- \u2021n {]Nc- n\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\v kpdnb- m\\\\n k`b- n\u00ac Xncpl- rZ- b- k- ` \u00ffm]n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\v henb Nm\u2260nb- \u00ae- s\\\\ Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 A\\\\ph- Z- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. 13. kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bv\u00b0mbn \\\\\u221a sshZn-Isc ]cn-io-en-\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\mbn Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 am\u2202m-\\\\- \u00d8m-cw-`n\u00ae BZy skan-\\\\m-cn-bpsS ]Wn-I\u0192 ]q\u00bf\u00d8o-I-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\mbn 1850\u02db\u00ac F\u221am ]\u2248n-I- fn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw klmbw A`y\u00bf\u221en-\u00aep-sIm\u2260v k\u00bf\u00b0p-e-dp-I\u0192 Ab-bv\u00b0p-\u2202p. 14. tdmt\u00b0mkv sa{Xm-s\\\\-Xnsc k`sb kwc-\u00a3n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\mbn F\u221am ]\u2248n-I-fn-te\u00b0pw Nmh-d-b-\u00ae\u2265 k\u00bf\u00b0p-e-dp-Ifpw {]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\-Ifpw Ab-bv\u00b0p-\u2202p. 15. 1869 s^{_p-hcn amk-\u00d8n\u00ac kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bn\u00ac Imt\\\\m\\\\ \\\\a-kvImcw BZy-ambn A\u00ae-Sn- \u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-s\\\\-\u220f-\u2030nbpw Bb-Xns\u201a hnX-c-Whpw a\u2030pw kw_-\u2018n\u00aev F\u221am ]f-fn-I-fn-te\u00b0pw I\u00d8-b- bv\u00b0p-\u2202p. 16. 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Cu `\u2021m-`ym-k-amWv ]n\u2202oSv kpdn-bm\\\\n ]\u2248n-I-fn\u00ac am\u00bf\u00aev amkw 19-\u02dbmw XobXn \\\\\u00acIp\u2202 Du\u00b4p-t\\\\\u00bf\u00ae-bmbn ]cn-W-an-\u00ae-Xv. \u2666 {]n\u201anwKv {]\u00a0v 1846\u02db\u00ac Xs\u2202 am\u2202m-\\\\\u00d8v Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 {]n\u201anwKv {]\u00a0pw Bcw-`n-\u00aep. P\\\\-\u00df\u0192\u00b0v {]m\u00bf\u221en-\u00b0p- hm\\\\pw hmbn\u00aep hf-cp-hm\\\\pw ]pkvX-I-\u00df\u0192 Bh-iy-am-sW\u2202v a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0nb Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 Hcp {]\u00a0v \\\\n\u00bf\u2126n-s\u00ae-Sp-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 {ia-\u00df\u0192 Bcw-`n-\u00aep. A\u2202v tIc-f-\u00d8n\u00ac c\u2260v {]\u00a0p-Isfbp\u2248p; tIm\u00b4-bs\u00d8 kn.Fw.-F-kv. {]\u00a0pw, Xncp-h-\\\\-\u00a5-]p-cs\u00d8 Kh. {]\u00a0pw. tIm\u00b4-bs\u00d8 {]\u00a0ns\u201a {]h\u00bf\u00d8-\\\\-\u00df\u0192 I\u2260p ]Tn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 {ian-s\u00ae-\u00b6nepw AXn\\\\p km[n-\u00b0m-\u00d8-Xn-\\\\m\u00ac, Nmhdb\u00ae\u2265 Xncp-h-\\\\-\u00a5-]p-cw-hsc Imf-h-\u2260n-bn\u00ac bm{X sNbvXv Kh. {]\u00a0n\u00ac Ibdn AXns\u201a {]h\u00bf\u00d8-\\\\-\u00df\u0192 I\u2260p a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0n. AXns\u201a amXrI Hcp hmg-\u220fn-\u2260n-bn\u00ac D\u2260m\u00b0n am\u2202m\\\\\u00d8psIm-\u2260p-h-cn-Ibpw Bim-cn-sb-s\u00b0m\u2260v XSn-bn\u00ac Hcp {]\u00a0v \\\\n\u00bf\u2126n-\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu {]\u00a0v C\u2202pw am\u2202m-\\\\\u00d8v ]qPy-ambn kq\u00a3n-\u00b0p-\u2202p. \u2044m\\\\-]o-bqjamWv Cu {]\u00a0n\u00ac A\u00ae-Sn\u00ae BZy ]pkvXIw. tIm\u00b4bw kn.Fw.-F-kv. {]\u00a0n\u00ac tPmen sNbvXn-cp\u2202 Hcp ]m\u2260n-\u00d8-\u00b4m-\\\\mWv A\u00a3-c-\u00df\u0192 NXpc hSn-bn\u00ac hm\u00bf\u00d8v sIm-Sp-\u00d8Xv. 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