["cq]Xm `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\\\\-\u00dffpw Imt\\\\m-\\\\nI kan-Xn-Ifpw ]uc-kvXy -Im-\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8n\u00ac tUm. sPbnwkv amXyp ]m\u00bamd kn.F- w.s- F BapJw ]uck- vXyk- `- I- \u0192\u00b0mb- p\u2248 Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbakwl- nX (CCEO) bnse aq\u220fXv io\u00bfjI- \u00df- f- n\u00ac Ggm- as\u00d8 io\u00bfjIw \\\"\\\"cq]X- I- fpw sa{Xm\u2211- mcpw'' F\u2202X- mW- .v Cu io\u00bfjI- \u00d8- n\u00ac \\\\mev A\u2264ymb- \u00df- f- ne- mbn cq]X- I- s- fbpw Ahb- psS Xeh- \u2211- mc- mb sa{Xm\u2211- ms- cbpw cq]X- m- `c- W- k- wh- n[- m\\\\- \u00df- s- fbpw]\u2030n {]Xn]- m- Zn\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 Imt\\\\m\\\\- I- f- psS Hcp A]{- KY- \\\\w FdW- mI- pf- w\u02db- A- \u00b6- a- men AXnc- q]- X- bnse B\\\\pI- me- nI- - kw`- h- h- nI- mk- \u00df- f- psS ]\u203am\u00d8- e- \u00d8- n\u00ac km[mc- W hnizmk- nI- f- psS ]e sX\u2030n\u2264- mc- W- I- fpw Xncp\u00d8- p- \u2202X- n\\\\v AXymh- i- ya- ms- W\u2202- p\u2248 Nn\u00a5b- mWv Cu teJ\\\\- \u00d8- n\\\\- S- n\u00ff- m\\\\- w. 1. cq]X F\u2202m\u00ac F\u00a5v? \\\"\\\"sshZnI- K- W- \u00d8- ns\u201a klI- c- W- t- \u00d8msS AP]- me- \\\\w \\\\S\u00d8- ph- m\\\\- mbn sa{Xms\\\\ Ge]v n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 ssZhP- \\\\- \u00d8- ns\u201a Hcp `mKa- mWv cq]X- '' F\u2202v c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kne- ns\u201a \\\"\\\"Xncpk- `- b- n\u00ac sa{Xm- cq]Xm `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\\\\-\u00dffpw\u2211mc- psS AP]- me- \\\\- [- \u00bf\u2126w'' kw_\u2018- n\u00ae \\\"\\\"{InkXv qkv tUman\\\\- qk'v' F\u2202 Un{Inb- psS 11\u02db- mw \\\\\u00bad- n\u00ac I m t \\\\ m - \\\\ n I\\\\n\u00bfhN- n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv CCEO c.177, \u00a71\u02db\u00ac ho\u2260pw Bh\u00bf\u00d8n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. Cu \\\\n\u00bfhN- \\\\- \u00d8- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v Hcp Imcyw hy\u2021w: cq]X- b- psS `cWw Ge]-v n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv Hcp sa{Xm\\\\- ne- mW- .v a\u2030mc- ne- pa- \u221a- . cq]X- - bpsS `cW- m[- nI- mc- nb- mbn \\\\nba- n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- n\u00b4- p\u2248 sa{Xm\\\\- pa- mb- n\u00b4v klI- c- n\u00ae,v B sa{Xms\\\\ A\\\\pk- c- n\u00aev AP]- me- \\\\- I- \u00bf\u2126\u00d8- n\u00ac klI- mc- nb- mh- pI F\u2202X- mWv Hmtcm cq]X- b- nepw tkh\\\\- a- \\\\- pj- Tv n\u00b0- p\u2202 sshZn- IK- W- \u00d8- ns\u201a I\u00bf\u00d8h- yw. kan-Xn-Ifpw ]uc-kvXy -Im-\\\\\u22652. sa{Xm\u2211- m\u00bf A\u220fktv Xme- \u2211- mc- psS ]n\u2265Kma- nI- \u0192 \\\\ n b - a - \u00d8 n \u00acH\u2202mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 kq\\\\l- t- Zmkv ]t{Xmk- ns\u201a ]n\u2265Kma- nb- mb am\u00bf]m\u220f- b- psS A[nI- mc- s- \u00d8bpw A{]amZnX- zs- \u00d8bpw hy\u2021a- mbn \\\\n\u00bfhN- n\u00ae- t- \u220fm\u0192, c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac sa{Xm\u2211- mc- psS k`- bnse \u00ffm\\\\hpw ZuXyhpw hfsc hy\u2021a- mbn ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260- .v c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kne- ns\u201a Xncp\u00a0- `- s- b\u220f- \u2030- nb- p\u2248 {]amW- t- cJ- b- mb \\\"\\\"P\\\\X- I- f- psS {]Imiw'' (Lumen Gentium) sa{Xm\u2265 BcmWv F\u2202v aq\u2202mw A\u2264ymb- \u00d8- n\u00ac 18 apX\u00ac 27 hscb- p\u2248 \\\\\u00bad- pI- f- n\u00ac hniZ- a- mbn ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260- .v IqSmsX 28\u02db- mw \\\\\u00bad- n\u00ac sa{Xm\u2211- mc- pw sshZnI- cpw X\u2126ne- p\u2260- mb- nc- nt- \u00b0\u2260 _\u2018s- \u00d8\u220f- \u2030- nbpw hy\u2021a- mbn {]Xn]- m- Zn\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260- v. Cu tIm\u00a8\u00c3n\u2030- yqj- s\u201a 28\u02dbmw \\\\\u00bad- n\u00ac \\\\mw C\u00dfs\\\\ hmbn\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"ssZhnI- \\\\- n\u203a- b- - \u00d8m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 k`b- psS CSb- \u2211- ms- c\u2202 \\\\neb- n\u00ac A\u220fk- tv Xme- \u2211- mc- psS ]n\u2265Kma- nI- f- mWv sa{Xm\u2211- m\u00bf. Ahsc tI\u0192\u00b0p\u2202- h- \u2265 {InkXv ph- ns\\\\ tI\u0192\u00b0p\u2202p; Ahsc \\\\nck- n\u00b0- p\u2202- h- \u2265 {InkXv ph- ns- \\\\bpw {InkXv p- hns\\\\ Ab\u00ae- h- s- \\\\bpw \\\\nck- n\u00b0- p\u2202p'' (eq\u00b0m 10:16). XpS\u00bf\u2202v c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\ ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"AXyp\u2202- X- mN- mc- y\\\\- mb {InkXv p\\\\- mY- \u2265 sa{Xm\u2265 hgnb- mWv hnizmk- nI- f- psS at\u2264y k\u2202n- lnX- \\\\- mb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X'v ' (LG 21). F\u2202m\u00ac sa{Xm\u2211- m\u00bf\u00b0v Iq\u00b4p\u00d8- c- h- mZ- nX- za- ps\u2260\u2202pw ]t{Xmk- ns\u201a ]n\u2265Km- anb- mb am\u00bf]m\u220f- sb A\\\\pk- c- n\u00aepw am\u00bf]m\u220f- bv\u00b0v hnt[b- s- \u220f\u00b4- pa- mWv X\u00dff- psS ZuXyw \\\\n\u00bfhl- nt- \u00b0- \u2260sX\u2202pw Xncp\u00a0- `- b- n\u00ac sa{Xm\u2211- mc- psS AP]- me- \\\\- [- \u00bf\u2126s\u00d8 kw_\u2018- n\u00ae Un{Inb- psS c\u2260mw \\\\\u00ba- dn\u00ac hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260:v \\\"\\\"Cu `qanb- n\u00ac {InkXv p AhnS- ps\u00d8 BSpI- s- fbpw Ip\u2122mS- pI- s- fbpw tab\u00b0v m\u2265 ]t{Xmk- ns\\\\ `ct- ae- ]v n\u00aep. ]t{Xmk- ns\u201a ]n\u2265Kma- nb- mWv tdmam am\u00bf]m\u220f- . Cu \\\\neb- n\u00ac ssZhnI- \\\\- nb- a- - \u00d8m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 B\ufb02]- me- \\\\- \u00d8- n\u00ac am\u00bf]m\u220f- b\u00b0v v k\u00baq\u00bf\u00c6hpw t\\\\cn\u00b4- p\u2248- Xpw km\u00bfh{- XnI- h- pa- mb A[n- Imc- a- p\u2260- .v AXn\\\\- m\u00ac F\u221am hnizmk- nI- f- ps- Sbpw CSb- \u2265 F\u2202 \\\\neb- n\u00ac At\u00b1lw \\\\nba- n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p- \u2202Xv km\u00bfh{- XnI- k- `- b- psS s]mX- p\\\\- \u2211bpw {]mtZi- nI- k- `- I- f- psS t\u00a3ahpw ssIhc- p\u00d8- m\u2265 th\u2260nb- m- W.v X\u2211qew F\u221am k`I- f- ps- Sb- pwt- a\u00ac At\u00b1l- \u00d8- n\\\\v ]ca- m[- nI- mc- a- p\u2260- .v ]cni- p\u2264- m\ufb02- mh- m\u00ac \\\\nba- nX- - cmb sa{Xm\u2211- m\u00bf B\ufb02]- me- I- s- c\u2202\\\\neb- n\u00ac \u00abol\u2211- mc- psS ]n\u2265Kma- nI- f- mW- .v \\\\nXyw Pohn\u00b0- p\u2202 CSb- - \\\\mb {InkXv ph- ns\u201a ZuXyw am\u00bf]m\u220f- t- bmS- pI- qSn At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a A[nI- mc- \u00d8- n\u2265Iog- n\u00ac Fs\u2202\u2202qw XpS\u00bf\u2202v t]mIm\\\\- mWv sa{Xm\u2211- m\u00bf \\\\nbp\u2021- c- mb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X'v ' (CD 2). AXpt- ]mse \\\"\\\"P\\\\X- I- f- psS {]Imiw'' F\u2202 {]amW- t- cJ- b- nse 27\u02dbmw \\\\\u00ba\u00bf C\u00dfs\\\\ Hm\u00bf\u2126n\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"AP]- me- \\\\- [- \u00bf\u2126w AYhm kz\u00a5w APK- - W\u00d8ns\u201a kwc\u00a3- Ww k\u00baq\u00bf\u00c6a- mbpw \\\\n\u00a3n]- Xv a- mb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv sa{Xm\u2211- mc- ne- mW.v '' \\\"\\\"APK- W- \u00d8- ns\u201a kwc\u00a3- Ww k\u00baq\u00bf\u00c6a- mbpw \\\\n\u00a3n]- Xv a- mb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv sa{Xm\u2211- mcn''emsW\u00b6- n\u00ac, ]ns\u2202 sshZnI- c- psS \u00ffm\\\\s- a\u00a5v F\u2202 tNmZyw kzm`mh- nI- w. AXns\u201a D\u00d8cw AtX {]amW- t- cJ- b- psS 28\u02dbmw 51","\\\\\u00bad- n\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\ hniZ- oI- c- n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"sa{Xms\u201a hnthI- a- X- nI- f- mb kl{- ]h- \u00bf\u00d8I- cpw klmb- n- Ifpw D]I- c- W- \u00df- f- pa- mWv sshZnI- \u00bf'' (LG 28). {]amW- t- cJ C\u00dfs\\\\ XpSc- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"ssZhP- \\\\- s\u00d8 ip{iqj- n- \u00b0m\\\\- mbn Ah\u00bf hnfn\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. ]utcml- nX- y\u00d8- n\\\\v hnhn[- \u00df- f- mb [\u00bf\u2126\u00dffps\u2260\u00b6- nepw sa{Xm- t\\\\ms- Sm\u2202- n\u00aev GI]utcml- nX- y\u00d8- n\\\\- mWv Ah\u00bf cq]w \\\\eIv p\u2202- X- .v hnizk- Xv X- b- ps- Sbpw hnime- a- \\\\- k- Iv X- - bps- Sbpw ssNX\\\\- y\u00d8- n\u00ac sa{Xmt- \\\\mSv klI- c- n\u00aev sshZnI- \u00bf hnizmk- nI- f- psS Hmtcm {]mtZi- nI- k- a- ql- - \u00d8nepw sa{Xms\u201a km\u2202n\u2264- ywX- s\u2202 Gsd\u00b0- psd Dfh- m\u00b0- p\u2202- p... sa{Xms\u201a ]utcml- nX- y\u00d8- nepw ZuXy- \u00d8nepw ]\u00b6pI- ms- c\u2202- \\\\- ne- b- n\u00ac sa{Xms\\\\ X\u00dff- psS ]nXmh- ns- \\\\t- \u220fmse sshZnI- \u00bf B\ufb02m\u00bf\u221ea- mbn ]cnK- - Wn\u00b0- pI- bpw _lpa- m\\\\- ]- pc- k- Iv cw A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- pI- bpw thWw'' (LG 28). 3. cq]X- m- sa{- Xm\u2265, \u00ffm\\\\nI sa{Xm\u2265, Ftac- n\u00d8- qkv sa{Xm\u2265 Hcp cq]X- b- psS `cWw ssIbmf- p\u2202 sa{Xms\\\\ cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2265 F\u2202v hnfn\u00b0- pt- \u00bam\u0192 \\\"\\\"HutZymK- nI tPmenb- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202- p\u2248 cmPn kzoIc- n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- pI- g- n\u2122 sa{Xm\\\\v At\u00b1lw `cn\u00ae cq]X- b- psS \\\"\\\"ap\u2265 cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2265 (emeritus) F\u2202 ]Zhn e`n\u00b0- p\u2202p'' (CCEO c. 211, \u00a71). \\\"\\\"kz\u00a5wt]cn\u00ac `c- n\u00b0s\u220ftS\u2260- X- n\\\\- mbn Hcp cq]X Gev]n\u00b0- s- \u220fS- m\u00d8 sa{Xm\u2211- m\u00bf \u02db Ah\u00bf at\u2030s- X\u00b6- nepw HutZymK- nI I\u00bf\u00d8hyw k`b- n\u00ac \\\\n\u00bfhl- n\u00ae- n\u00b4- p\u2248- h- cpw \\\\n\u00bfhl- n\u00b0- p\u2202- h- c- pa- ms- W\u00b6- n\u00act\u220fmepw \u02db \u00ffm\\\\nI- s- a{- Xm\u2211- m\u00bf F\u2202v hnfn\u00b0- s- \u220fS- p\u2202p'' (CCEO c. 179). \u00ffm\\\\nI- s- a{- Xm\u2211- mc- n\u00ac Hcp cq]X- b- psS ]n\u00a5pS- \u00bf\u00aemh- I- mi- t- \u00d8mS- pI- qSn \\\\nba- n\u00b0- s- \u220fS- p- \u2202- kl- mb- s- a{- Xms\\\\ co-adjutor bishop F\u2202pw A\u00dfs\\\\ ]n\u00a5pS- \u00bf\u00aemh- I- mi- a- n\u221a- msX \\\\nba- n\u00b0- s- \u220fS- p\u2202- - h\u00bf auxiliary bishop (kl- mb- s- a{- Xm\u2265) (CCEO c. 212) F\u2202pa- mWv hnfn\u00b0- s- \u220fS- pI- . Iqcnb- ms- a{- Xm\\\\pw \u00ffm\\\\nI- s- a{- Xm\u2211- mc- psS KW\u00d8- ne- mWv s]SpI- . 4. cq]X- m- sa{- Xms\u201a A[nI- mc- mh- I- mi- \u00df- \u0192 \\\"\\\"A\u220fk- tv Xme- \u2211- mc- psS ]n\u2265Kma- nI- s- f\u2202 \\\\ymb\u00d8- m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 sa{Xm\u2211- m\u00bf\u00b0v X\u00dfsf Ge]v n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 cq]X- I- f- n\u00ac AP]- me- \\\\- \\\\- n\u00bfhl- W- \u00d8- n\\\\v Bhi- ya- mb km[mc- W- hpw kzIob- hpw t\\\\cn\u00b4- p\u2248- X- pa- mb A[n- Imc- a- p\u2260'v ' (CD 8, a) F\u2202v c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac hy\u2021a- mbn ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260- .v \\\\nba- ]- c- a- mb F\u221am\u00b0- mc- y\u00df- f- nepw cq]X- m- sa{- Xm\u2265 cq]X- sb {]Xn\\\\- n[- m\\\\w sN\u00f8p\u2202p (CCEO c. 190). cq]X- m s- a- {Xm\\\\v Xs\u201a cq]X- b- n\u00ac \\\\nba- \\\\- n\u00bf\u2126mW- m[- nI- mcw (legislative power), `cW- \\\\- n\u00bfhl- W- m[- nI- mcw (execu- tive power), \\\\oXn\\\\- ymb- m[- nI- mcw (judicial power) F\u2202o {Xnhn[ A[nI- mc- \u00df- f- pa- ps- \u2260\u00b6- nepw km[mc- - Wb- mbn \\\\nba- \\\\- n\u00bf\u2126mWm[nI- mc- s- amg- n\u00aev a\u2030pc\u2260pw At\u00b1lw cq]X- m- It- \u00aec- n- (eparchial curia) bnse AwK\u00df- f- ne- qs- Sb- mWv \\\\n\u00bfhl- n\u00b0- pI. cq]X- m- It- \u00aec- nsb kw_\u2018- n\u00ae hniZ- a- mb \\\\nba- \u00df- \u0192 CCEO 243 apX\u00ac 263 hscb- p\u2248 Imt\\\\m\\\\- I- f- n\u00ac \\\\eIv s- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. Ahb- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw a\\\\\u00a0- ne- m\u00b0- mh- p\u2202 {]k- \u2021a- mb Nne Imcy\u00df- \u0192 Chb- mW:v 1) cq]X- m`- c- W- \u00d8- n\u00ac, cq]X- m- sa{- Xms\\\\ klmb- n\u00b0- p\u2202 LSI- \u00df- - fnsem\u2202mWv cq]X- m- It- \u00aec- n. a\u2030p\u2248- h cq]X- mt- bmKw (CCEO cc. 235-242), sshZnI- k- a- nX- nbpw cq]Xm BtemN- \\\\- mk- wL- hpw (CCEO cc. 264-271), ]m\u00c3d- \u00ac Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac (CCEO cc.272-275), s^mt- dm\\\\m hnImc- na- m\u00bf (CCEO cc. 276-278) F\u2202nh- c- mW- v; 2) cq]X- m- It\u00aecn (eparchial curia) bnse tPmen\u00b0- mbn cq]X- m\u2264- y\u00a3- \\\\v a\u2030v cq]X- I- f- n\u00ac\\\\nt\u2202m a\u2030v kzbm[- nI- mc k`I- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202- pt- ]me- ptam AhcpsS sa{Xm\u2211- m- cpsS k\u2126Xt- \u00d8msS BfpI- sf FSp\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 km[n\u00b0pw (CCEO c. 247, \u00a74); 3) \\\"\\\"cq]X- m- It- \u00aec- nb- n\u00ac HtZymK- nI XkXv nI hln\u00b0- p\u2202- h- sc B XkXv nI- b- n\u00ac \\\\nba- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\pw \\\\o\u00b0w sN\u00f8p\u2202- X- n\\\\- pa- p\u2248 A[nI- mcw cq]X- ms- a{- Xm\\\\- p\u2248- X- mW'v ' (CCEO c. 244, \u00a71); 4) cq]Xm It\u00aec- nb- nse AwK\u00df- \u0192 F\u221amh- cpw Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- hpw cq]X- m s- a{- Xm\\\\pw \\\\n\u203ab- n\u00b0- p\u2202 coXnb- n\u00ac HutZymK- nI NpaX- e hnizk- Xv X- m]- q\u00bfhw \\\\ndt- h\u2030- ns- \u00b0m\u2248- ms- a\u2202v {]Xn\u2044 sN\u00f8Ww (CCEO c. 244, \u00a72, 1\u00b0); 5) cq]Xm It\u00aec- nb- n\u00ac F{X AwK- \u00df\u0192 thWs- a\u2202- Xv \\\\n\u203ab- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- p\u2248 A[nI- mcw cq]X- m- sa{- Xm\\\\- p\u2248- X- mW;v AXpt- ]ms- eX- s\u2202 Ah\u00bf Bscms- \u00b0b- msW\u2202v \\\\n\u203ab- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- p\u2248 A[nI- mc- hpw. cq]Xm It\u00aec- nb- n\u00ac t{]mt\u00b4m kn\u2265sN\u2248- qk- ,v kn\u2265sN\u2248qk,v PpUoj- y\u00ac hnImc- n, cq]Xm [\\\\I- mc- y\u00ff- \u2265, Nm\u2265ke- \u00bf, cq]Xm PUPv na- m\u00bf XpS\u00df- nb- p\u2248- - h\u00bf D\u0192s\u220fS- p\u2202- p. \\\"\\\"cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2265 \\\\n\u203ab- n\u00b0- p\u2202 a\u2030v hy\u2021nI- fpw cq]Xm It\u00aec- nb- n\u00ac AwK\u00df- f- mb- n- cn\u00b0pw'' (CCEO c. 243, \u00a72). cq]Xm sa{Xms\u201a ISa- I- f- n\u00acs\u220fS- p\u2202- h- b- mWv \\\"\\\"X\\\\n\u00b0v `ct- ae- ]v n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 cq]X- b- nse Bcm[- - \\\\mP- oh- nXw kzbm[- nI- mc- k- `- b- psS \\\\nba- m\\\\- pk- rX- a- mb BNmc- \u00df- \u0192\u00b0pw \\\\n_\u2018- \\\\- I- \u0192\u00b0pw A\\\\pk- c- n\u00aev {IaoI- c- n\u00b0- pI'' F\u2202Xv (cf. CCEO c. 199, \u00a71). AXpt- ]ms- eX- s\u2202, \\\"\\\"km\u00bfh{- XnI- k- `- b- psS sFIyw Im\u00d8p- kq\u00a3- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 ISs- \u220f\u00b4- h- \\\\- mb- X- ps- Im\u2260v cq]X- ms- a{- Xm\u2265 k`b- psS s]mX- ph- mb in\u00a3W- {- Ia- s\u00d8 (dis- cipline) ]cnt- ]mj- n\u220f- n\u00b0- pI- bpw F\u221am k`m\\\\- nb- a- \u00df- f- ps- Sbpw \\\\nba- m\\\\- pk- rX- a- mb BNmc- \u00df- f- ps- Sbpw ]me- \\\\\u00d8- n\\\\v t{]cn\u220f- n\u00b0- pI- bpw sN\u00f8Ww'' (CCEO c. 201, \u00a71). AXpt- ]ms- eX- s\u2202 IqZmi- I- f- ps- Sbpw IqZmi- m- \\\\pI- c- W- \u00df- f- ps- Sbpw BtLmj- \u00d8- nepw ssZhmc- m[- \\\\- b- nepw hnip\u2264- t- cmS- p\u2248 hW\u00b0- \u00d8- nepw Zpcp]- t- bm- K\u00df- \u0192 IS\u2202- pI- qS- mX- nc- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 cq]X- m\u2264- y\u00a3- \u2265 Pm{KX- b- p\u2248- h- \\\\- mb- nc- n\u00b0- Ww (cf. CCEO c. 201, \u00a72). cq]Xm It\u00aec- nb- nse AwK\u00df- f- mb t{]mt\u00b4m kn\u2265sN\u2248- qk- ns- \\\\bpw kn\u2265sN\u2248- qk- pa- ms- cbpw \\\\nba- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 cq]X- m\u2264- y\u00a3- \u2265 sshZnI- k- a- nX- nb- ps- Sb- p\u0192s\u220fsS Bcps- Sbpw BtemN- \\\\ tNmZnt- \u00b0\u2260- X- n\u221a- . C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\nba- n\u00b0- - s\u220fS- p\u2202 t{]mt\u00b4m kn\u2265sN\u2248- qk- pw kn\u2265sN\u2248- qk- pa- mc- pw X\u00dfsf \\\\nba- n\u00ae cq]Xm sa{Xms\u201a CjSv \u00d8n\\\\pw 52","lnX\u00d8- n\\\\pw hn]c- oX- a- mbn Hcn\u00b0- epw {]h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00ae- pI- qS- m\u00d8- X- mI- p\u2202p F\u2202v 249\u02db- mw Imt\\\\m\\\\ hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202- p. AXpt- ]ms- eX- s\u2202 cq]X- m s- a{- Xm\\\\v kzX{- \u00a5a- mbn Xocpa- m\\\\- s- aS- p\u00d8v \\\\nba- n\u00b0- mh- p\u2202- h- c- mWv cq]XmNm\u2265ke- \u00bf, sshkNv m\u2265ke- \u00bf, t\\\\m\u00b4d- na- m\u00bf F\u2202nh- \u00bf. Ahcpw cq]Xm It\u00aec- nb- psS `mKa- mW- .v \\\"\\\"tcJI- \u0192 FgpXn kq\u00a3n\u00b0- p- Ibpw cq]X- mt- cJ- me- b- \u00d8- ns\u201a NpaX- e hln\u00b0- pI- b- pa- mWv cq]Xm It\u00aec- nb- n\u00ac Nm\u2265ke- \u00bf\u00b0v \\\\nba- \u00d8- me- p\u2248 AhI- miw'' (]uc- k- Xv yk- `- I- f- psS Imt\\\\m\\\\- I- \u0192 k`mPohnX- \u00d8- n\u00ac, t]Pv 239). \\\"\\\"Nm\u2265kedpw AXpt- ]ms- e- Xs\u2202 sshkNv m\u2265ke- dpw \\\\nba- \u00d8- m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 cq]X- m- It\u00aecnb- psS t\\\\m\u00b4d- na- mc- mb- nc- n\u00b0pw'' (CCEOc.252,\u00a73). cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2265 ]pds- \u220fS- ph- n\u00b0- p\u2202 Un{InI- f- ns- e\u221amw Nm\u2265ke- d- ns\u201a H\u220fv Bhi- ya- mW- .v F\u2202m\u00ac cq]Xm sa{Xms\u201a CSb- t- eJ- \\\\w t]mep\u2248 k\u00bf\u00b0pe- d- pI- f- n\u00ac Nm\u2265ke- d- ns\u201a H\u220fns\u201a Bhi- ya- n\u221a- . \\\"\\\"Nm\u2265ke- \u00bf, a\u2030v t\\\\m\u00b4d- na- m\u00bf F\u2202nh- sc NpaX- e- b- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v kzX{- \u00a5a- mbn \\\\o\u00b0w sN\u00f8ph- m\u2265 cq]Xm sa{Xm\\\\v km[n\u00b0pw'' (CCEO c. 255). `c- W]- c- a- mb- p\u2248 tcJI- f- n\u00ac cq]Xm sa{Xms\u201a H\u220fnt- \\\\ms- Sm\u220fw Nm\u2265ke- d- ns- \u201atbm sshkNv m\u2265ke- d- ns- \u201atbm H\u220fv thWs- a\u2202- p\u2248 Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- \u00d8- ns\u201a \\\\njIv \u00bfj Nnes- c\u00b6nepw sX\u2030n\u2264- c- n\u00ae- n\u00b4- ps\u2260\u2202v tXm\u2202p\u2202- p. Nm\u2265ke- \u00bf cq]Xm sa{Xms\u201a Xocpa- m\\\\- \u00df- \u0192 AwKoI- c- n\u00b0- p\u2202 (approve) Hcp\u2202- X- m[- nI- mcn (superiorauthority) A\u221a; {]XypX {]kXv pX Xocpa- m\\\\w cq]Xm sa{Xm\\\\- n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202p\u2248- X- ms- W\u2202v km\u00a3ys- \u220fS- p\u00d8- p\u2202 (attest), cq]Xm sa{Xms\u201a Iogn\u00ac {]h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0- p\u2202 t\\\\m\u00b4d- n\u00b0v X\u00d8pe- ya- mb ]Zhn hln\u00b0- p\u2202 DtZymK- \u00ff- \u2265 am{Xa- mW- .v AXn\\\\- m\u00ac\u00d8- s\u2202, cq]Xm sa{Xms\u201a H\u220fp\u2248 Hcp `cW- ]- c- a- mb tcJb- n\u00ac H\u220fnS- mX- nc- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 Nm\u2265ke- d- n\\\\v \\\\nba- ]- c- a- mbn AhI- mi- tam A[nI- mc- tambn\u221a. Xs\u201a a\\\\\u00a0m\u00a3n A\u00dfs- \\\\s- bmcp tcJb- n\u00ac H\u220fnS- m\u2265 Hcp Nm\u2265k- e- d- ns\\\\ A\\\\ph- Z- n\u00b0- p\u2202- ns- \u221a\u00b6- n\u00ac Gs\u2030S- p\u00d8- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 Nm\u2265ke- \u00bf DtZymK- \u00d8- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v At\u00b1l- \u00d8- n\\\\v cmPnhb\u00b0v mw; A{X- am{- Xw. Nm\u2265ke- \u00bf BIph- m\u2265 Hcm\u0192 sshZnI- \u2265 t]mepw BtI\u2260- X- n\u221a F\u2202X- mWv hmkXv h- w. ]uckXv y Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- a- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev sshZnI- t\\\\m Uo\u00b0t\\\\m Bbnc- n\u00b0- Ww (CCEOc.252,\u00a71); F\u2202m\u00ac e\u00d8o\u2265k`- b- psS Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- a\\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev A\u00acamb- \u00bf\u00b0pt- ]mepw Nm\u2265ke- d- mbn cq]X- I- f- n\u00ac tkh\\\\- a- \\\\- pj- Tv n\u00b0- mh- p\u2202- X- mWv (CIC cc. 482-483). cq]Xm sa{Xms\u201a \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- a- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00b0- m\u00d8 Nm\u2265ke- sd cq]X- m\u2264- y\u00a3- \u2265 X\u00ac\u00ffm\\\\- \u00d8- p\\\\- n\u2202v \\\\o\u00b0w sNt\u00f8\u2260- X- mW- .v cq]Xm It\u00aec- nb- nse \\\\nba- \\\\- \u00df- f- n\u00ac cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2265 Nne \\\\n_\u2018- \\\\- I- sfms\u00b0 ]ment- \u00b0\u2260 Hcp \\\\nba- - \\\\a- mWv cq]Xm [\\\\I- mc- y\u00ff (Eparchial Finance Officer) t\u201aX:v \\\"\\\"cq]Xm BtemN- \\\\- k- wL- t- \u00d8mSpw [\\\\- Imcy Iu\u00a8kne- nt- \\\\mSpw BtemN- n\u00ae- X- n\\\\- pt- ijw ss{IkXv h- h- ni- zmk- nbpw km\u00ba\u00d8- nI- I- mc- y\u00df- f- n\u00ac hnZ- K\u2264v \\\\pw kXyk- \u2018- X- b\u00b0v v t]cpt- I\u00b4- h- \\\\- pa- mb Hcmsf cq]X- m- sa{- Xm\u2265 cq]Xm [\\\\I- mc- y\u00ff- \\\\- mbn \\\\nba- nt- \u00b0- \u2260X- mW'v' (CCEO c. 261, \u00a71). AXpt- ]mse At\u00b1l- s\u00d8 \\\\o\u00b0w sN\u00f8p\u2202- X- n\\\\pw Nne \\\\n_\u2018- \\\\- I- f- p\u2260:v \\\"\\\"cq]Xm BtemN- \\\\ kwLt- \u00d8mSpw [\\\\I- mcy Iu\u00a8kne- nt- \\\\mSpw BtemN- n\u00ae- X- n\\\\- pt- i- jw cq]Xm sa{Xms\u201a A`n{- ]mb- \u00d8- n\u00ac Kuch- a- mb ImcWw D\u2248t- \u220fm\u0192 am{Xa- \u221a- msX HutZymK- nI Imemh- [- nat\u2264y At\u00b1l- s\u00d8 \\\\o\u00b0w sN\u00f8ph- m\u2265 ]mSp\u2248- X- \u221a'' (CCEO c. 261, \u00a72). cq]Xm It\u00aec- nb- psS `mKa- mWv cq]Xm [\\\\I- mcy Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac (Eparchial financial council). Cu Iu\u00a8kne- nse AwK\u00df- sf \\\\nba- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv cq]Xm sa{Xm\\\\- mW- .v \\\"\\\"Xm\u2265Xs\u2202 A\u2264y\u00a3- \\\\- mb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xpw Xs\u201a kzbm[- nI- mc- k- `- b- psS {]tXyI \\\\nbaw X\u00d8pe- ya- mb at\u2030s- X\u00b6- nepw \\\\S]- S- n{- Iaw hyh\u00ff sN\u00f8p- \u2202n\u221a- m\u00d8- ]- \u00a3w cq]Xm BtemN- \\\\- mk- wL- t- \u00d8mSv BtemN- n\u00ae- X- n\\\\- pt- ijw Xm\u2265 Xs\u2202 \\\\nba- n\u00b0- p\u2202 \u02db Ignb- ps- a\u00b6- n\u00ac knhn\u0192 \\\\nba- \u00d8- n\u00act\u220fmepw hnZK- \u2264v c- mb- - \u02db A\\\\pt- bmP- yc- mb GXm\\\\pw hy\u2021nI- \u0192 D\u0192s\u220f- \u00b4X- pa- mWv {]kXv pX Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac'' (CCEO c. 263, \u00a71). \\\"\\\"km\u00ba\u00d8- nI- I- mc- y\u00df- sf kw_\u2018- n\u00ae IqSpX- \u00ac {][m\\\\- s- \u220f\u00b4 \\\\S]- S- nI- f- n\u00ac [\\\\I- mc- yI- u\u00a8kne- ns\\\\ {ihn\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\u00ac cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2265 Dt]\u00a3 hcp\u00d8- c- p- Xv'' (CCEO c. 263, \u00a74) F\u2202v Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbaw A\\\\pi- mk- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. F\u2202m\u00ac kmam\\\\- yK- X- nb- n\u00ac [\\\\- ImcyIu\u00a8kn\u00ac AwK\u00df- \u0192\u00b0v A`n{- ]mb- t- hm\u00b4v (consultative vote) am{Xt- ab- p\u2248q F\u2202pw AtX Imt\\\\m\\\\ hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260- v. Npcp\u00b0- n\u220f- d- \u2122- m\u00ac, cq]Xm It\u00aec- nb- n\u00ac [\\\\I- mc- yI- u\u00a8- kne- ns\u201a am{Xta BtemN- \\\\ tNmZn\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 cq]Xm sa{Xm\\\\v \\\\nba- ]- c- a- mbn ISa- b- p\u2248- q. Chns- Sbpw s]mX- psh ]d\u2122- m\u00ac BtemN- nt- \u00b0\u2260 Bhi- yt- a- bp\u2248q; AwKoI- mcw hmt\u00df\u2260 Imcya- n\u221a- . BtemN- \\\\ (consult) F\u2202 ]Zws- Im\u2260v hnh\u00a3- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv \\\"\\\"tI\u0192\u00b0pI'' F\u2202X- mW- ;v k\u2126Xw hm\u00dfpI (consent) Ft\u2202m AwKoI- mcw (approval) hm\u00dfpI F\u2202tXm As\u221a\u2202v hy\u2021w. CXns- \\\\\u220f- \u2030n 934\u02db- mw Imt\\\\m\\\\- b- n\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: 1) Hcp ss\\\\bma- nI{]hr\u00d8n sN\u00f8p\u2202- X- n\\\\v Hcp A[nI- mc- n\u00b0v Hcp kwL\u00d8- nse hy\u2021nI- f- psS BtemN- \\\\ Bhi- ya- ps- \u2260\u2202v \\\\nba- - \u00d8n\u00ac hyh\u00ff sNbvXn\u00b4- ps- \u2260\u00b6- n\u00ac, F\u221amh- c- ps- Sbpw BtemN- \\\\ (counsel) Bcmt- b\u2260- Xv ss\\\\bm- anI{]hr\u00d8n km[ph- mI- p\u2202- X- n\\\\- mh- i- ya- mW- ;v 2) {]kXv pX hy\u2021nI- f- pa- mb- n\u00b4v BtemN- n\u00b0- p\u2202- ns- \u221a\u00b6- n\u00ac ss\\\\bm- anI{]hr\u00d8n Akm[- ph- mb- nc- n\u00b0pw; 3) Ahc- psS D]t- Ziw (counsel) GII- W- Tv a- msW\u00b6n\u00act\u220fmepw AXv AwKoI- c- n\u00b0- m\u2265 A[nI- mc- n\u00b0v ISa- b- n\u221a- . 5. cq]X- m- sa{- Xm\\\\pw sshZnI- k- a- nX- nbpw cq]Xm BtemN- \\\\- mk- wL- hpw cq]Xm sa{Xms\\\\ cq]Xm `cW- \u00d8- n\u00ac D]t- Zi- wh- gn klmb- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- mbn cq]Xm sa{Xm\\\\- m\u00ac \u00ffm]n- \u00b0s- \u220fS- p\u2202- h- b- mWv sshZnI- k- a- nXn (presbyteral council) bpw cq]Xm BtemN\\\\- mk- wL- hpw (college of eparchial consultors). sshZnI- k- a- nXn cq]X- b- nse sshZnI- k- a- ql- s\u00d8 (presbyterium) {]Xn\\\\- n[- oI- c- n- 53","\u00b0p\u2202- p (CCEO c. 265). AXn\u00ac Hcp hn`mK- s\u00d8 sshZnI- \u00bfXs\u2202 Xncs- \u2122S- p\u00b0- p\u2202- p. Hcph- n`- mKw sshZn- I\u00bf X\u00dff- psS DtZymK- \u00d8- m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 sshZnI- k- a- nX- nb- nse AwK\u00df- f- mb- n\u00d8- oc- p\u2202- p (Ex-officio). aq\u2202m- aXv Hcp Iq\u00b4\u00bf cq]X- m s- a{- Xm\\\\- m\u00ac \\\\ma\\\\- n\u00bft\u00b1iw sN\u00f8s- \u220f\u00b4v sshZnI- k- a- nX- nb- nse AwK\u00df- f- mbn amdp\u2202p (cf. CCEO c. 266). \\\"\\\"sshZnI- k- a- nXn hnfn\u00ae- pI- q\u00b4- p\u2202- Xpw AXn\u00ac A\u2264y\u00a3w hln\u00b0- p\u2202- Xpw AXn\u00ac N\u00bf\u00ae sNt\u00f8\u2260 Imcy\u00df- \u0192 Xocpa- m\\\\- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xpw AwK\u00df- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- \u00df- \u0192 kzoIc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xpw cq]Xm sa{Xm\\\\- mW'v ' F\u2202v 269\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\- b- psS H\u2202mw J\ufb01nI hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202- p. CtX Imt\\\\m\\\\- b- psS c\u2260mw J\ufb01nI- b- n\u00ac XpS\u00bf\u2202v C\u00dfs\\\\ ImWp\u2202p: \\\"\\\"IqSpX- \u00ac {]m[m\\\\- ya- p\u2248 Imcy\u00df- f- n\u00ac cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2265 sshZnI- k- a- nX- nsb {ihnt- \u00b0\u2260- Xpw s]mX- p\\\\- nb- a- \u00d8- n\u00ac hy\u2021a- mbn ]d\u2122- n\u00b4- p\u2248 Imcy\u00df- f- n\u00ac kanX- n- tbmSv BtemN- nt- \u00b0\u2260- X- pa- mW- .v F\u2202m\u00ac s]mX- p\\\\- nb- aw hy\u2021a- mbn \\\\n\u203ab- n\u00b0- p\u2202 Imcy\u00df- f- n\u00ac am{Xta At\u00b1l- \u00d8- n\\\\v kanX- nb- psS k\u2126Xw Bhi- ya- p\u2248- q.'' CXnepw {]k\u2021- a- mb \\\\nbaw CCEO c. 269, \u00a73\u02dbemWp\u2248- X- .v AhnsS C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\njIv \u00bfjn\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"cq]Xm sa{Xms- \\\\\u00b0- qS- msX {]h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 sshZnI- k- a- nX- n\u00b0v Hcn\u00b0- epw km\u2264ya- \u221a- . sshZnI- k- a- nX- nb- n\u00ac ssIImcyw sNbXv Imcy\u00df- \u0192 {]kn\u2264- s- \u220fS- p\u00d8- ph- m\u2265 cq]- Xm sa{Xm\\\\v am{Xa- mWv A[nI- mc- a- p\u2248- X- .v '' as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122- m\u00ac, sshZnI- k- a- nX- nb- psS Xeh- \u2265 sa{Xm\\\\- mb- X- n\\\\- m\u00ac At\u00b1l- s- \u00d8I- qS- msX tbmKw tNcm\u2265 AwK\u00df- \u0192\u00b0v ss\\\\bma- nI- a- mbn bmsXmc- ph- n[ AhI- mi- h- pa- ns- \u221a\u2202v kmcw. sshZnI- k- a- nXn Hcp]- t- Zi- I- k- a- nX- nb- mb- X- n\\\\- m\u00ac, s]mX- p\\\\- nb- a- \u00d8- n\u00ac sshZnI- k- a- nX- nb- psS AwKoI- mcw cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2265 hmt\u00df\u2260- X- mbn HcnS- \u00d8pw ]d\u2122- n\u00b4- n\u221a F\u2202X- mWv hkXv pX- . F\u2202m\u00ac sshZnI- k- a- nX- n- bpa- mbn cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2265 \\\\n\u203ab- a- mbpw BtemN- n\u00ae- nc- nt- \u00b0\u2260- - ]e- I- mc- y\u00df- fpw s]mX- p\\\\- nb- a- \u00d8- n\u00ac kqN- n- \u220fn\u00ae- n\u00b4- p\u2260- .v Ahb- n\u00ac NneX- -v Ch- b- mW:v 1) cq]X- mt- bmKw hnfn\u00ae- pI- q\u00b4- pI (c. 236); 2) s^mt- dm\\\\- I- \u0192 \u00ffm]n- \u00b0pI- , Ahb- psS AXn\u00bf\u00d8nI- \u0192\u00b0v am\u2030w hcp\u00d8- pI (c. 276, \u00a72); 3) ]pXnb CSh- I- I- \u0192 \u00ffm]n\u00b0- pI- , AhbpsS AXn\u00bf\u00d8nI- \u0192\u00b0v am\u2030w hcp\u00d8- pI (c. 280, \u00a72). Chns- Ss- bms- \u00b0bpw sshZnI- k- a- nX- nsb tI\u0192t\u00b0\u2260 D\u00d8c- h- mZ- nX- zta cq]Xm sa{Xm\\\\- p\u2248q; Ahc- psS D]t- Ziw kzoIc- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 ss\\\\bma- nI- - ambn bmsXmcp ISa- b- pa- ns- \u221a\u2202v kmcw. \\\"\\\"cq]X- b- psS \\\\\u2211b- \u00b0v pt- h\u2260n sshZnI- k- a- nX- nsb `ct- ae- ]v n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 NpaX- e AXv \\\\n\u00bfhl- n\u00b0- mX- n- cn\u00b0- pI- tbm, Kuch- a- mbn Zpcp]- t- bmK- n\u00b0- pI- tbm sNbXv m\u00ac kanX- nsb ]ncn\u00ae- ph- nS- m\u2265'' cq]Xm sa{Xm\\\\v A[nI- mc- a- ps- \u2260\u2202v CCEO c. 270, \u00a73 hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260.v F\u2202m\u00ac ]ncn\u00ae- ph- nS- s- \u220f\u00b4 sshZnI- k- a- nX- n\u00b0v ]Icw ]pXnb sshZnI- k- a- nXn\u00b0v cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2265 Hcph- \u00bfj\u00d8- n\\\\- Iw cq]w \\\\etv I\u2260- X- mW- .v sshZnI- k- - anX- n\u00b0v kz\u00a5a- mbn Hcp \\\\nba- mh- e- nbpw D\u2260mt- I\u2260- X- mW- .v FdWmI- pfw\u02dbA\u00b6a- men AXnc- q]- X- b- psS sshZnI- k- a- nXn kw_\u2018- a- mb {]tXyI- \\\\- nb- a- k- wl- nX ]T\\\\- - hnj- b- a- m\u00b0- nb- t- \u220fm\u0192 I\u2260 hkXv pX- , ]e Imcy\u00df- f- nepw B {]tXyI \\\\nba- k- wl- nX s]mX- p\\\\- nb- a- \u00d8- ns- \\\\- Xnc- mWv F\u2202X- mW- .v \\\"\\\"tae[- nI- mc- nb- psS \\\\nba- \u00d8- n\\\\v hncp\u2264- a- mb Hcp \\\\nbaw km[ph- mbn \\\\S\u220f- ne- m\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 Xmg\u2202v (inferior) \\\\nba- Z- mX- mh- n\\\\v km\u2264ya- \u221a'' (CCEO c. 985, \u00a72) F\u2202 \\\\nbaw ChnsS {]tXyIw {]kXv m- hya- mW- .v Ae]v wI- qSn hy\u2021a- mbn ]d\u2122- m\u00ac, ]uck- Xv yk- `- I- \u0192\u00b0mb- p\u2248 Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- k- wl- nX (CCEO) bnse Imt\\\\m\\\\- I- \u0192\u00b0v hncp\u2264- a- mb- n\u00b4- p\u2248 \\\\nba- \u00df- \u0192 GsXms\u00b0 sshZnI- k- a- nX- nb- psS \\\\nba- \u00df- f- ne- pt\u2260m Ahs- bm\u2202pw km[ph- mbn \\\\ne\\\\- ne- \u00b0v pI- b- n\u221a- . FdW- mI- pf- w\u02db- A- \u00b6- a- men AXnc- q]- X- b- psS sshZnI- k- a- nXn kw_\u2018- a- mb {]tXyI- - \\\\nb- a- \u00d8- n\u00ac sshZn- Ik- a- nX- nb- psS sk{I\u00b4- d- nb- mWv sshZnI- k- a- nXn hnfn\u00ae- pI- qt- \u00b4\u2260- sX\u2202v \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- n\u00b0- p\u2202p (cf. article 6, \u00a73). F\u2202m\u00ac Cu \\\\nb- aw CCEO bnse 269\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\- b- psS H\u2202mw J\ufb01nI- b\u00b0v v FXnc- mb- X- n\\\\- m\u00ac AXv Akm[- phpw Xncp\u00d8- s- \u220ft- S\u2260- X- pa- mW- .v GXmb- me- pw, ta\u00ac\u220fd- \u2122 \\\\nba- mh- e- nb- nepw sshZnI- k- a- nX- nb- psS ao\u2030nwK- pI- \u0192\u00b0v A\u2264y\u00a3w hlnt- \u00b0\u2260- Xv cq]Xm sa{Xm\\\\- ms- W\u2202pw F\u221am\u00b0- mc- y\u00df- f- nepw sa{Xms\u201a Xocp- am\\\\w A\u00a5na- a- mb- nc- n\u00b0- ps- a\u2202pw hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- nb- n\u00b4- p\u2260v (art. 6.1: ''He will preside over the meetings. His decisions in all matters will be final''). F\u2202m\u00ac Cu {]tXyI \\\\nba- mh- e- nb- n\u00ac sX\u2030n\u2264- mc- W ]c\u00d8- p\u2202 as\u2030mcp \\\\nbaw ImWmw. AXmb- X- ,v sshZnI- k- a- nX- n\u00b0v Hcp Imcy]- c- n]- mSn (agenda) I\u2126n\u2030n D\u2260mb- nc- n- \u00b0W- s- a\u2202pw Cu A\u00a9wK I\u2126n\u2030n hnfn\u00ae- pI- qt- \u00b4\u2260- Xv sshZnI- k- a- nXn sk{I\u00b4- d- nb- mb- nc- n\u00b0- Ww F\u2202Xpw (art. 8.1). F\u2202m\u00ac ChnsSbpw I\u2126n\u2030n D\u2260m\u00b0- p\u2202 \\\"AP\u2260', I\u2126n\u2030- nb- psS {]knU- \u201amb B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv AwKoI- c- nt- \u00b0\u2260- nb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202p F\u2202v hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260- .v as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122- m\u00ac, sshZnI- k- a- nX- n- bpsS {]knU- \u201amb cq]Xm sa{Xm\\\\- mWv AP\u2260 \\\\n\u203ab- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xpw sshZnI- k- a- nXn hnfn\u00ae- pI- q\u00b4- p\u2202- Xpw AXns\u201a A\u2264y\u00a3w hln\u00b0- p\u2202- Xpw. AXpt- ]ms- eX- s- \u2202, B kanX- nb- psS Xocpa- m\\\\- \u00df- \u0192 AwKoI- c- n\u00b0- p- \u2202Xpw {]Jym]- n\u00b0- p\u2202Xpw cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2265Xs- \u2202. as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122- m\u00ac, am\u00bfIkv n\u00c3v ]m\u00bf\u00b4nbpsS sk{I\u00b4- d- ns- bt- \u220fms- eb- \u221a sshZnI- k- a- nX- nb- psS sk{I\u00b4- d- nb- psS \u00ffm\\\\w It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mk- `- b- psS Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- a- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00ae- .v Npcp\u00b0- n\u220f- d- \u2122- m\u00ac sshZnI- k- a- nXn cq]X- m`- c- W- \u00d8- n\u00ac cq]Xm sa{Xms\\\\ klmb- n\u00b0- p\u2202 Hcp]- t- Zi- I- k- a- nXn am{Xw. CXn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw hy\u2021a- mI- p\u2202 Hcp Imcyw, sshZnI- k- a- nX- nb- psS Xocpa- m\\\\- \u00df- \u0192 {]Jym]- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- mbn FdW- mI- pf- w\u02db- A- \u00b6- a- men AXnc- q]- X- b- n\u00ac sshZnI- k- a- nX- nb- psS sk{I\u00b4- dn am\u2264ya- - \u00dfs- f\u00b0mW- p\u2202 coXn Xncp\u00d8- s- \u220ft- S\u2260- X- mWv F\u2202pX- s- \u2202. 54","cq]Xm `cW- \u00d8- n\u00ac cq]Xm sa{Xms\\\\ klmb- n\u00b0- p\u2202 as\u2030mcp Imt\\\\m\\\\- nI- k- a- nX- nb- mWv cq]Xm BtemN- - \\\\mk- wLw (college of eparchial consultors, cf. CCEO c. 271). Cu BtemN- \\\\- mk- wL- \u00d8- n\u00ac Bdv apX\u00ac ]{\u00a5\u2260v hsc AwK\u00df- f- mW- p\u2248- X- .v cq]Xm sa{Xm\\\\v kzX{- \u00a5a- mbn Cu AwK\u00df- sf \\\\nba- n\u00b0- mh- p\u2202- X- mW- .v F\u2202m\u00ac sshZnI- k- a- nX- nb- nse AwK\u00df- f- n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202mb- nc- n\u00b0- Ww cq]Xm BtemN- \\\\- mk- wL- \u00d8- nt- e\u00b0v AwK- \u00dfsf FSpt- \u00b0\u2260- X- .v Cu BtemN- \\\\- mk- wL- \u00d8- ns- \u201abpw A\u2264y\u00a3- \u2265 cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2265 Xs\u2202b- mW- .v Nne Imcy\u00df- f- n\u00ac cq]Xm sa{Xm\\\\v cq]Xm BtemN- \\\\- mk- a- nX- nb- psS AwKoI- mcw Bhi- ya- msW\u2202v s]mX- p\\\\- nb- aw A\\\\pi- mk- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260- .v DZml- c- W- a- mbn CCEO c. 1036, \u00a71, 2\u00b0. ChnsS cq]Xm hkXv p\u00b0- \u0192 hne\u00b0v p\u2202- X- ns- \\\\- \u220f\u2030nb- mWv {]Xn]- mZ- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- .v cq]X- m\u2264- y\u00a3- s\u201a A[nI- mc- \u00d8- n\u00acs\u220f\u00b4 ss\\\\bma- nI- h- y\u2021- nb- psS hkXv p hne\u00b0v p- \u2202Xn\\\\v cq]X- m\u2264- y\u00a3- \\\\v At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a [\\\\I- mc- yI- u\u00a8kne- ns- \u201abpw cq]Xm BtemN- \\\\- mk- wL- \u00d8- ns- \u201abpw k\u2126Xw Hmtcm Ahk- c- \u00d8- nepw e`n\u00b0- W- s- a\u2202v Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\ A\\\\pi- mk- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. F\u2202m\u00ac, taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aep- _nj- \u220f- n\\\\v Xs\u201a cq]X- b- nse hkXv p hne\u00b0v p\u2202- X- n\\\\v BtemN- \\\\- mk- a- nX- nb- psS AwKoI- mcw Bhi- ya- n\u221a- ; {]Xyp- X, BtemN- \\\\- mk- wL- s\u00d8 tI\u00b4m\u00ac am{Xw aXnb- mIpw F\u2202pw Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbaw hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260v (CCEO c. 271, \u00a76). 6. FdW- mI- pf- w\u02db- A- \u00b6- a- men AXnc- q]- X- b- psS A\u220fk- tv Xme- nIv AUav n\\\\- nk- tv {S\u2030- d- ns\u201a k\u00bf\u00b0pe- dpw sshZnI- k- a- n- Xnb- psS AwKoI- mc- hpw 2022 Pqsse 30\u02dbmw XobXn {^m\u2265knkv am\u00bf]m\u220f- b- m\u00ac FdW- mI- pf- w\u02db- A- \u00b6- a- men AXnc- q]- X- b- psS A\u220f- ktv Xme- nIv AUav n\\\\- nk- tv {S\u2030- d- mbn \\\\nba- n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4 B\u2265{Uqkv Xmg\u00d8v ]nXmhv 2022 sk]\u2030v w_- \u00bf 30\u02dbmw XobXn ]pds- \u220fS- ph- n\u00ae k\u00bf\u00b0pe- \u00bf (9\/2022) AXn\\\\- pt- ij- a- nd- \u00df- nb AXnc- q]- X- b- psS HutZymK- nI- - {]k- n- \u2264oI- c- W- a- mb \\\"\\\"FdW- mI- pfw an\u00a0''\u00d8n\u00ac {]kn\u2264- oI- c- n\u00b0- s- \u220fS- pI- b- p\u2260- mb- ns\u221a\u2202p am{Xa- \u221a- , B k\u00bf\u00b0pe- - dnse \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- a- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev 2022 HItv Sm_- \u00bf 9\u02dbmw XobXn AXnc- q]- X- b- nse `qcn`- mKw CSh- I- I- f- nepw hmbn- \u00b0s- \u220fS- pI- bpw sNbXv n\u221a- . IqSmsX FdW- mI- pfw hnaX- \u00bf ]e- bnS\u00dff- nepw B k\u00bf\u00b0pe- \u00bf I\u00d8n\u00b0- p- Ibpw Ip\u220fs- \u00d8m\u00b4- nb- n\u00ac \\\\nt\u00a3]- n\u00b0- pI- bpw A\u00dfs\\\\ It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mk- `- sb \\\\in\u220f- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- mbn {ian\u00b0- p\u2202 Nne kwLS- \\\\- I- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw X\u00df\u0192 hm\u00dfnb A\u00aemc- \u00d8- n\\\\- \\\\- pk- rX- a- mbn tPmensNbXv X- mbn X\u00dff- psS Gam\u2211- msc t_m\u2264ys- \u220fS- p\u00d8- pI- bpw sNbXv p. Cu k\u00bf\u00b0pe- \u00bf X\u00df- \u0192 AwKoI- c- n\u00b0- ns\u221a\u2202v ]db- p\u2202- h- \u00bf AXn\\\\- p\u2248 \\\\ymba- mbn ]d\u2122- Xv {]kXv pX k\u00bf\u00b0pe- d- n\\\\v sshZnI- k- a- nX- nb- psS AwKoI- mc- a- n\u221amsb\u2202pw B k\u00bf\u00b0pe- d- n\u00ac- AX- nc- q]- Xm Nm\u2265ke- d- ns\u201a H\u220fn\u221a F\u2202X- pa- mW- .v F- \u2202- m\u00ac cq]X- m- sa{Xm\\\\nd\u00b0- p\u2202 CSb- t- eJ- \\\\- \u00df- \u0192s\u00b0m\u2202pw Nm\u2265ke- d- ns\u201a H\u220fv Bhi- ya- n\u221a F\u2202X- mWv hkXv pX- . am\u00bf B\u201aWn Icn- bn\u00ac Xs\u201a k\u00bf\u00b0pe- d- pI- f- n\u00ac ]et- \u220fmgpw Nm\u2265ke- d- ns\u201a H\u220fv hm\u00dfnb- nc- p\u2202p F\u2202X- pa- qew a\u2030v sa{Xm\u2211- m\u00bf A\u00dfs\\\\ sN\u00f8W- s- a\u2202v Bhi- ys- \u220fS- m\\\\- mh- n\u221a- . cq]Xm sshZnI- k- a- nXn Hcp]- t- Zi- IkanXn am{Xa- mI- bm\u00ac, cq]Xm sa{Xm\\\\v cq]X- mwK- \u00df- \u0192\u00b0mbn Cd\u00b0- p\u2202 k\u00bf\u00b0pe- d- pI- \u0192\u00b0v sshZnI- k- a- nX- nb- psS AwKoI- mc- hpw Bhi- ya- n\u221a- . CCEO bpsS 234\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\- b- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev \\\"\\\"tdmam am\u00bf]m\u220f Kuchmh- l- hpw {]tXyI- h- pa- mb ImcW- - \u00dff- m\u00ac Nne k\u00b5\u00bf`\u00df- f- n\u00ac cq]X- m`- c- Ww A\u220fk- tXme- nI AUav n\\\\- nk- tv {S\u2030- sd Ge]v n\u00b0- md- p\u2260- 'v ' (CCEO c. 234, \u00a71) F\u2202pw \\\"\\\"A\u220fk- tv Xme- nI AUav n\\\\- nk- tv {S\u2030- d- ns\u201a AhI- mi- \u00df- fpw ISa- I- fpw B\\\\pI- qe- y\u00df- fpw At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a \\\\nba- \\\\- Ie- v]\\\\- b- m\u00ac \\\\n\u203ab- n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202p'' (CCEO c. 234, \u00a72) F\u2202pw hy\u2021w.- B\u2265{Uqkv Xmg\u00d8v ]nXmh- ns\\\\ FdW- mI- pf- w\u02db- A- \u00b6- a- men AXnc- q]- X- b- psS A\u220fk- tv Xme- nIv AUav n\\\\- nk- tv {S- \u2030d- mbn \\\\nba- n\u00ae- ps- Im\u2260- p\u2248 D\u00d8c- hv (Prot. N.130\/2022) \\\"\\\"FdW- mI- pfw an\u00a0''\u00d8n\u00ac {]kn\u2264- oI- c- n\u00ae- X- pa- mW- v (cf. FdW- mI- pfw an\u00a0w, vol. 65, No.9, sk]\u2030v w_- \u00bf 2022, pp.14-15). XpS\u00bf\u2202p\u2248 t]PpI- f- n\u00ac (16\u02db19) ]uckXv yImcyme- b- \u00d8- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw Xmg\u00d8- v ]- nX- mh- n\\\\v e`n\u00ae \\\\nba- \\\\ D\u00d8c- h- ns\u201a Cw\u2022oj- ne- p\u2248 aqehpw aeb- mf- ]- c- n`- mj- bpw \\\"\\\"FdW- mI- pfw an\u00a0''\u00d8n\u00ac {]kn\u2264- oI- c- n\u00ae- n\u00b4- p- \u2260.v B \\\\nba- \\\\ D\u00d8c- h- nse \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- \u00df- \u0192 ]men\u00ae- ps- Im\u2260v ho\u2260pw 2022 sk]\u2030v w_- \u00bf 20\u02dbmw XobX- n, ]cn- ip\u2264 knwlmk- \\\\- \u00d8- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw e`n\u00ae I\u00d8ns- \u201abpw shfn\u00ae- \u00d8- ne- mWv B k\u00bf\u00b0pe- \u00bf Xmg\u00d8v ]nXmhv Cd\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv F\u2202v AtX k\u00bf\u00b0pe- d- n\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- nb- n\u00b4pw B k\u00bf\u00b0pe- \u00bf AwKoI- c- n\u00b0- n\u221a F\u2202v ]db- p\u2202- Xv [n\u00b0mc- ]- c- hpw A\\\\pk- c- W- t- \u00b0Spw am{Xa- \u221a {]XypX It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mk- `- b- psS, {]tXyI- n\u00aev ]uckXv y Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- k- wl- nX- b- nse in\u00a3m\\\\- nb- a- \u00df- f- mb CCEO cc. 1446, 1447, 1448 F\u2202nh- b- psS ewL\\\\- \u00df- f- mbn ]cnK- W- n\u00aev 1406\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\- b- psS c\u2260mw JWUv nI- b- n\u00ac ]d\u2122- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 in\u00a3ma- p\u2202- - dnb- n\u220fv \\\\etv I\u2260- X- pw, AXn\\\\- pt- ij- hpw \\\"\\\"Xs\u201a Ip\u2030s- \u00d8\u220f- \u2030n B\ufb02m\u00bf\u221ea- mbn A\\\\pX- ]- n\u00b0- pI- bpw, IqSmsX DX\u220f- n\\\\pw D]{- Zh- \u00d8- n\\\\pw X\u00b0 ]cnl- mcw sN\u00f8pI- tbm Kuch- _- p\u2264ym hmKZv m\\\\w sN\u00f8pI- tbm'' (cf. CCEO c.1407, \u00a72) sN\u00f8p\u2202- ns- \u221a\u00b6- n\u00ac A\u00dfs- \\\\b- p\u2248 hy\u2021nI- \u0192s\u00b0X- nsc ]uckXv y Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- - \u00d8nse 28\u02db- mw io\u00bfjI- \u00d8- n\u00ac \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- n\u00ae- n\u00b4- p\u2248 \\\"\\\"in\u00a3I- \u0192 Npa\u00d8- p\u2202- X- n\\\\- p\u2248 \\\\S]- S- n{- Ia''\u00d8nse Imt\\\\m- \\\\I- \u0192 A\\\\pk- c- n\u00ae- p\u2248 \\\\nba- \\\\- S- ]- S- nI- \u0192 Bcw`- n\u00b0- pI- bpw thWw. 1446\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ A\\\\pi- mk- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Xs\u201aX- s\u2202 tae\u2264- y\u00a3- \u2265 \\\\nba- m\\\\- pk- rXw ]pds- \u220fS- p- hn\u00b0- p\u2202 Ie]v \\\\- t- bm, \\\\ntcm[- \\\\- tam A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- mX- nc- n\u00b0- pI- bpw imk\\\\- b- \u00b0v pt- ij- hpw A\\\\pk- c- W- a- n- \u221amb- av b- n\u00ac XpSc- pI- bpw sN\u00f8p\u2202 Hcp hy\u2021n Ip\u2030h- mk- \\\\- b- p\u2248- h- \u2265 (delinquent) F\u2202 \\\\neb- n\u00ac A\\\\p- 55","tbmP- ya- mbn in\u00a3n\u00b0- s- \u220ft- S\u2260- X- mW- .v '' ChnsS \\\\nbaw \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv \\\"in\u00a3n\u00b0- s- \u220ft- S\u2260- X- mW'v F\u2202mW;v in\u00a3n\u00b0- s- \u220fS- mh- p\u2202- X- mWv F\u2202\u221a- . as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122- m\u00ac, C\u00dfs- \\\\b- p\u2248 Ip\u2030I- rXyw sN\u00f8p\u2202- - hsc, in\u00a3m\\\\- S- ]- S- n{- Iaw ]men\u00ae- ps- Im\u2260,v in\u00a3n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 A\u220fk- tv Xme- nIv AUav n\\\\- nk- tv {S\u2030- \u00bf\u00b0v ISa- b- p- \u2260v. 7. FdW- mI- pfw hnaX- c- psS a\u2030v Ip\u2030I- rX- y\u00df- fpw Ahb- v\u00b0p\u2248 in\u00a3I- fpw CCEO c. 1447, \u00a71 C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"GsXmcp tae\u2264- y\u00a3- s- \\\\X- ns- cbpw D]P- m]w \\\\S\u00d8- p- Itbm, hntZzjw hf\u00bf\u00d8pI- t- bm, At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a A[o\\\\- sc A\\\\pk- c- W- t- \u00b0S- n\\\\v t{]cn\u220f- n\u00b0- pI- tbm sN\u00f8p\u2202 B\u0192... henb alt- dm\u2265in\u00a3- t- ]mepw Hgnh- m\u00b0- msXXs\u2202 A\\\\pt- bmP- ya- mbn in\u00a3n\u00b0- s- \u220ft- S- \u2260X- mW- .v '' ChnsS ]d\u2122- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 Ip\u2030w sN\u00f8ph- m\\\\- p\u2248 km\u2264yX sshZnI- \u00bft\u00b0m ka\u00bf\u220fnX- \u00bft\u00b0m am{X- a\u221a- , {]XypX A\ufb02mb- \u00bf\u00b0pa- p\u2260v F\u2202Xv hy\u2021w. AXn\\\\- m\u00ac D]P- m]w \\\\S\u00d8- pI- t- bm, hntZzjw hf\u00bf\u00d8p- Itbm (incites sedition or hatred towards any hierarch) sN\u00f8p\u2202bm\u0192, Abm\u0192 It\u00d8me- n\u00b0mk`b- nse AwKa- ms- W\u00b6- n\u00ac, Abm\u0192s\u00b0X- nsc in\u00a3m\\\\- S- ]- S- nI- \u0192 Bcw`- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 FdW- mI- pfw\u02dbA\u00b6- a- men AXnc- q- ]X- b- psS A\u220fk- tv Xme- nIv AUav n\\\\- nk- tv {S\u2030- \u00bf\u00b0v km[n\u00b0pw F\u2202pa- m{- Xa- \u221a- , A\u00dfs\\\\ sN\u00f8ph- m\u2265 At\u00b1- l\u00d8- n\\\\v ISa- b- pa- p\u2260- .v sX\u2030v sNbXv h- \u00bf a\\\\k- Xv m]- \u00d8- ns\u201a ^e\u00df\u0192 ]pds- \u220fS- ph- n\u00b0- pI- bpw DX\u220f- n\\\\pw D]- {Zh- \u00d8- n\\\\pw ]cnl- mcw sN\u00f8ph- m\\\\- mh- i- ya- mb G\u00bf\u220fmS- pI- fpw sNbXv m\u00ac Ah- sc in\u00a3n\u00b0- mX- nc- n\u00b0- m\\\\pw At\u00b1-l\u00d8n\\\\v kzmX-{\u00a5y-ap\u2260v: \\\"\\\"\\\\nb-a-\u00d8m\u00ac \\\\n\u00bf_-\u2018nX in\u00a3-bp\u2248 sX\u2030p-I-fpsS Imcy-am-sW- \u00b6n\u00act\u220fmepw tae\u2264- y\u00a3- s\u201a hneb- nc- p\u00d8- e- n\u00ac Xmsg\u220f- d- b- p\u2202 hyh\u00ff- I- \u0192 Hcpa- n\u00aephcp\u2202- nS- t- \u00d8mfw \\\\oXn- kwc- \u00a3- I- s\\\\ {ihn\u00ae- t- ijw {Inan\\\\- \u00ac \\\\S]- S- n{- Ia- \u00d8- n\u00ac\\\\nt\u2202m in\u00a3I- \u0192 Npa\u00d8- p\u2202- X- n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pt- ]m- eptam ]q\u00bf\u00c6a- mbn Hgn\u2122- p\\\\- ne- \u00b0v ph- m\u2265 tae\u2264- y\u00a3\\\\v km[n\u00b0pw: hnNmc- W- b\u00b0v v sIm\u2260- ph- c- s- \u220f\u00b4- n\u00b4- n- \u221am\u00d8 Ip\u2030\u00b0- mc- \u2265 B\ufb02m\u00bf\u221ea- mb A\\\\pX- m]- \u00d8- m\u00ac t{]cnX- \\\\- mbn Xs\u201a Ip\u2030w tae\u2264- y\u00a3- t- \\\\mSv _mly- Xe- \u00d8- n\u00ac G\u2030p]- d- b- pI- bpw DX\u220f- n\\\\pw D]{- Zh- \u00d8- n\\\\pw ]cnl- mcw sN\u00f8ph- m\u2265 Bhi- ya- mb G\u00bf\u220fmS- pI- \u0192 \\\\S\u00d8- pI- bpw sN\u00f8p\u2202p'' (CCEO c. 1403, \u00a71). CCEO bnse 1448\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\- b- psS H\u2202mw JWUv nI C\u00dfs\\\\ A\\\\pi- mk- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"...aXs- \u00d8tbm k`s- btbm \u00a3Xs- \u220fS- p\u00d8- ph- mt- \\\\m, shdpt\u220fm Ah\u2044- tbm D\u00b1o]- n\u220f- n\u00b0- ph- mt- \\\\m Bbn ]ckymhnj- Iv m- ctam (public performance), {]`mj- W- tam, ]ck- ya- mbn hnXc- Ww sN\u00f8s- \u220fS- p\u2202 tcJtbm (writing), a\u2030v k\u00ba\u00bf\u00b0 am\u2264ya- \u00df- tfm D]t- bmK- n\u00b0- p\u2202 Hcph- \u2265 A\\\\pt- bmP- ya- mbn in\u00a3n\u00b0- s- \u220ft- S\u2260- X- mW- .v '- ' A\u220fk- tv Xm- enIv AUav n\\\\- nk- tv {S\u2030- d- ns\u201a k\u00bf\u00b0pe- \u00bf hen\u00ae- pI- od- pI- , Ip\u220fs- \u00d8m\u00b4- nb- n\u00ac \\\\nt\u00a3]- n\u00b0- pI- , AXn\u00ac ]ck- y- ambn Xp\u220fpI- , B k\u00bf\u00b0pe- \u00bf A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- pI- b- n\u221a- ms- b\u2202v k\u00ba\u00bf\u00b0a- m\u2264- ya- \u00df- f- ne- qsS {]kXv mh- n\u00b0- pI XpS\u00df- nb {]hr\u00d8- nI- \u0192 sN\u00f8p\u2202- h- \u00bf Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\- {- ]I- mc- a- p\u2248 Ip\u2030I- rXyw sNbXv X- mbn IW\u00b0m\u00b0- n- in- \u00a3m\\\\- S- ]- S- nI- \u0192 Bcw`- nt- \u00b0\u2260- X- mW- .v Cu in\u00a3m\\\\- S- ]- S- nI- \u0192 Bcw`- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- p\u2248 D\u00d8c- h- mZ- nXzw FdW- m- Ipf- w\u02db- A- \u00b6- a- men AXnc- q]- X- sb kw_\u2018- n\u00ae- nS- t- \u00d8mfw A\u220fk- tv Xme- nIv AUav n\\\\- nk- tv {S\u2030- d- n\u00ac \\\\n\u00a3n]- Xv - amb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Hcp Ip\u2030s- \u00d8\u00b0- pd- n\u00ae- p\u2248 Adnhv tae\u2264- y\u00a3- \\\\v In\u00b4pt- \u00bam\u0192, Cu Adnhv kXya- ms- W\u2202v tXm\u2202pI- s- b\u00b6- ne- pa- ms- W\u00b6- n\u00ac At\u00b1lw hy\u2021n]- c- a- mtbm A\\\\pt- bmP- y\\\\- mb as\u2030mcp hy\u2021nb- ne- qs- Stbm \u02db Cu At\\\\zj- Ww ]q\u00bf\u00c6a- mbpw D]c- n\u03c0- h- a- mb- nc- n\u00b0- ps- a\u2202v IcpX- m\u00d8- ]- \u00a3w \u02db hkXv pX- I- s- fb- pw kml- Nc- y\u00df- s- fb- pwI- pd- n\u00aev At\\\\zj- n\u00b0- Ww'' (c. 1468, \u00a71). C\u00dfs- \\\\b- p\u2248 At\\\\zj- W- \\\\- S- ]- S- nI- \u0192 Hcp Un{Inh- - gnb- mWv Bcw`- nt- \u00b0\u2260- Xv (c. 1470). C\u00dfs- \\\\b- p\u2248 {]mYa- nI At\\\\zj- W- \u00d8- n\u00ac Ip\u2030w sNbXv X- mbn ImW- s\u220f\u00b4- m\u00ac cq]X- mt- \u00b0mS- X- nb- n\u00ac Ip\u2030mt- cm]- nX- s- \\\\X- nsc tIkv sImS- p\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 \\\\oXnk- wc- \u00a3- I- t- \\\\mSv Bh- iys- \u220fS- pI- tbm, 1486\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\- b- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev tImSX- n\\\\- S- ]- S- n{- Iaw IqSms- Xb- p\u2248 in\u00a3Npa\u00d8- \u00ac \\\\S]- - Snb- nt- e\u00b0v IS\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw A\u220fk- tv Xme- nIv AUav n\\\\- nk- tv {S\u2030- \u00bf\u00b0v ss\\\\bma- nI- a- mbn km[n\u00b0- pw. FdW- mI- pfw hnaX- s- shZ- nI- \u00bfs\u00b0X- ns- cb- p\u2248 as\u2030mc- p Bt- cm]- W- a- mWv Ahc- n\u00ac Nne\u00bf hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ at\u2264y \\\\St- \u00d8\u2260 tae\u2264- y\u00a3- s\u201a A\\\\pk- av c- Ww a\\\\x]q\u00bfhw Hgnh- m\u00b0- p\u2202p F\u2202X- .v FdW- mI- pf- w\u02db- A- \u00b6- - amen AXnc- q]- X- b- n\u00ac ]ckyssZhmc- m[- \\\\- b- n\u00ac (Liturgy) Cu tae\u2264- y\u00a3- m\\\\- pk- av c- Ww F\u00dfs- \\\\b- mWv \\\\St- \u00d8\u2260- s- X\u2202v \\\"\\\"FdW- mI- pfw an\u00a0''\u00d8ns\u201a 2022 sk]v\u2030w_- \u00bf e\u00b0\u00d8- ns\u201a 26\u02dbmwt- ]Pn\u00ac sImS- p\u00d8- nc- n- \u00b0p\u2202- X- n\u00df- s- \\\\b- mW:v \\\"\\\"... km\u00bfh{- XnI- k- `- b- psS ]nXmhpw Xeh- \\\\- pa- mb {^m\u2265knkv am\u00bf]m\u220f- b\u00b0v pw R\u00df- fpsS k`b- psS ]nXmhpw Xeh- \\\\pw AXnc- q]- X- m\u2264- y\u00a3- \\\\- pa- mb taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aep_- nj- \u220fv am\u00bf tPm\u00bf\u00f7v sa{Xm- t\u220fme- o\u00d8- mb- \u00b0v pw, A\u220fk- tv Xme- nIv AUav n\\\\- nk- tv {S\u2030- \u00bf am\u00bf B\u2265{Uqkv sa{Xmt- \u220fme- o\u00d8- mb\u00b0v pw...'' CCEO 1438\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\njIv \u00bfjn\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- nepw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- fnepw \\\\n\u203a- bn\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 coXnb- ne- p\u2248 tae\u2264- y\u00a3- s\u201a A\\\\pk- av c- Ww a\\\\x]q\u00bfhw Hgnh- m\u00b0- pI- bpw, \\\\nba- m\\\\- pk- rXw Xm\u00b0oXv \\\\eIv nb- n\u00b4pw Xncp\u00d8- mX- nc- n\u00b0- pI- bpw sN\u00f8p\u2202 Hcph- s\\\\ henb alt- dm\u2265in\u00a3t- ]mepw Hgn- hm\u00b0- ms- XX- s\u2202 A\\\\pt- bmP- ya- mbn in\u00a3n\u00b0- s- \u220ft- S\u2260- X- mW- .v '' Chns- Sbpw \\\\nbaw A\\\\pi- mk- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv \\\"in\u00a3n- \u00b0s- \u220ft- S\u2260- X- mW'v F\u2202mW- ,v A\u221amsX in\u00a3n\u00b0- mh- p\u2202- X- mWv F\u2202\u221a- . as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122- m\u00ac, \\\\nb- a\u00d8- n\u00ac \\\\n\u00bf_\u2018- nX- i- n\u00a3- b- p\u2248 Hcp Ip\u2030a- mWv \\\\nba- {- ]I- mc- a- p\u2248 tae\u2264- y\u00a3- m\\\\- pk- av c- Ww \\\\S\u00d8- mX- nc- n- \u00b0pI F\u2202X- .v AXn\\\\- m\u00ac GsX\u00b6- nepsamcp hnizmkn, Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- a- t\u2264y GsX\u00b6- ne- ps- amcp sshZnI- \u2265 C\u00df- s\\\\s- bmcp Ip\u2030w sNbXv X- mbn I\u2260m\u00ac, B hnhcw tcJma- qew A\u220fk- tv Xme- nIv AUav n\\\\- nk- tv {S\u2030- sd Adnb- nt- \u00b0\u2260- Xpw At\u00b1lw in\u00a3m\\\\- S- ]- S- nI- \u0192 Bcw`- nt- \u00b0\u2260- X- pa- mW- .v 56","8. \\\"\\\"Aht- cmSv A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 ]db- pI'' : \u02db {^m\u2265knkv am\u00bf]m\u220f 2022 HItv Sm_- \u00bf 12\u02db- mw XobXn {^m\u2265knkv am\u00bf]m\u220f- sb I\u2260 am\u00bf B\u2265{Uqkv Xmg\u00d8v ]nXmh- nt- \\\\mSv am\u00bf]m\u220f ]d\u2122- Xv C\u00dfs- \\\\b- mb- nc- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Dite loro obbedire'': \\\"\\\"Aht- cmSv A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 ]db- pI.'' as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122- m\u00ac, N\u00bf\u00aeI- f- ps- Sbpw hniZ- oI- c- W- \u00df- f- ps- Sbpw Imew Ign\u2122- p. Bhi- y\u00d8- n\\\\v N\u00bf\u00aeI- \u0192\u00b0pt- ijw kn\\\\Uv Xocpa- m\\\\- s- aS- p\u00d8- p. ]cni- p\u2264 knwlmk- \\\\w B Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- {- Iaw AwKoI- c- n- \u00aep. taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aep_- nj- \u220fv AXv hnfw_- cw sNbXv v \\\\S\u220f- ne- m\u00b0- n. AtXmsS AXv \\\\nba- a- mb- n\u00b0- g- n\u2122- p. AXv Ign\u2122- n\u00b4v \\\\S\u220f- ne- m\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 Hcp h\u00bfjt- \u00d8mfw kab- hpw e`n\u00ae- p. C\\\\n A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- pI- . A\\\\pk- c- n- \u00b0m\u2265 aSn\u00b0- p\u2202- h- sc A\\\\pk- c- n\u220f- n\u00b0- pI- . AXn\\\\- p\u2248 F\u221am A[nI- mc- \u00df- fpw A\u220fk- tv Xme- nIv AUav n\\\\- n- ktv {S\u2030- \u00bf\u00b0v \\\\eIv s- \u220f\u00b4- n\u00b4- p\u2260- .v \\\"\\\"`cn\u00b0- pI- , ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- pI- , hnip\u2264- oI- c- n\u00b0- pI'' F\u2202 {Xnhn[ ZuXy\u00df- \u0192 \\\\eIv - s\u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 cq]Xm sa{Xms\u201a \\\"]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- pI', \\\"`cn\u00b0- pI' F\u2202o ZuXy\u00df- f- psS `mKwX- s- \u2202b- mWv sX\u2030v sN\u00f8p\u2202- h- sc Xncp\u00d8- pI F\u2202X- pw, Ip\u2030w sN\u00f8p\u2202- h- sc Bhi- ys- a\u00b6- n\u00ac in\u00a3n\u00ae- ps- Im\u2260- ms- W\u00b6- nepw t\\\\\u00bfhg- n\u00b0v Xncn\u00b0- pI F\u2202X- pw. AXn\\\\- m\u00ac, am\u00bf Xmg\u00d8v ]nXmhv C\\\\n sNt\u00f8\u2260- Xv Ip\u2030w sNbXv X- mbn ImWs- \u220f\u00b4- h- \u00bf\u00b0v in\u00a3ma- p\u2202- d- nb- n\u220fv (penal warning: cf. CCEO c. 1414, \u00a72) \\\\eIv pI F\u2202p\u2248Xpw Kuc- ha- mb Ip\u2030w sNbXv h- \u00bfs\u00b0X- nsc in\u00a3m\\\\- S- ]- S- nI- \u0192 kzoIc- n\u00b0- pI F\u2202p\u2248- X- pa- mW- .v AXpt- ]ms- eX- s\u2202, 2022 HItv Sm_- \u00bf 9\u02dbmw XobXn Xs\u201a k\u00bf\u00b0pe- \u00bf ]\u2248nI- f- n\u00ac hmbn\u00b0- m\u00d8- h- \u00bf\u00b0pw AXpt- ]ms- eX- s\u2202 AXn\\\\- pt- ij- hpw ]\u2248nI- f- n\u00ac \\\\nba- h- nc- p\u2264- a- mbn P\\\\m`- na- pJ Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- sNm\u221a- p\u2202- h- \u00bf\u00b0pw \\\"in\u00a3 Npa- \u00d8ps- a\u2202- p\u2248 `ojWnt- bmS- pI- qS- nb- p\u2248 ap\u2202d- nb- n\u220f'v (penal precept: CCEO c. 1406, \u00a72) \\\\eIv m\\\\pw AXn- \\\\pt- ij- hpw Ah\u00bf ho\u2260pw \\\\nbaw ewLn\u00aev P\\\\m`- na- pJ Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ sNm\u221a- nb- m\u00ac Ahsc Imt\\\\m\\\\- nI- - ambn in\u00a3n\u00b0- m\\\\pw A\u220fk- tv Xme- nIv AUav n\\\\- nk- tv {S\u2030- \u00bf\u00b0v ISa- b- p\u2260- .v ChnsS {]tXyI- a- mbn Hm\u00bft\u00b0\u2260 Hcp Imcya- nX- mW:v \\\"\\\"Hcp in\u00a3m\\\\nba- \u00d8- ns- \u201atbm, in\u00a3 \\\\eIv p\u2202 hy\u2021nK- X- a- mb {]amW- \u00d8- ns- \u201atbm _mlye- wL- \\\\w Hcn\u00b0- \u00ac kw`h- n\u00ae- pI- g- n\u2122- m\u00ac adn\u00aev sXfnb- n\u00b0- s- \u220fS- p\u2202- X- ph- sc Cu ewL\\\\w a\\\\x]q\u00bfh- amb Hcp {]hr\u00d8- nb- mbn IW\u00b0- m\u00b0- s- \u220fS- p\u2202- p. in\u00a3ma- p\u2202- d- nb- n\u220f- n\\\\- pt- ij- hpw ho\u2260pw \\\\nba- tam hy\u2021n- KX- a- mb Ie]v \\\\- tbm ewLn\u00b0- s]\u00b4- m\u00ac am{Xta a\u2030v \\\\nba- \u00df- s- fbpw hy\u2021nK- X- a- mb Ie]v \\\\- I- s- fbpw kw_\u2018- n\u00aev C\u00dfs\\\\ IcpX- s- \u220fS- p\u2202- p\u2248q'' (CCEO c. 1414, \u00a72). AXn\\\\- m\u00ac A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 hnapJ- X ImWn\u00b0- p\u2202- h- sc \\\\n\u00bf_\u2018- ]- q\u00bfhw A\\\\pk- c- n\u220f- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 in\u00a3m\\\\- S- ]- S- nI- \u0192 Bhi- ya- mbn hcp\u2202- ]- \u00a3w Ah D]t- bmK- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- mWv \\\"\\\"Aht- cmSv A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 ]db- pI'' F\u2202v ]d\u2122- t- \u220fm\u0192 am\u00bf]m\u220f Dt\u00b1- in\u00ae- s- X\u2202v hywKyw. AXn\\\\- mbn in\u00a3ma- p\u2202- d- nb- n\u220f- pI- fpw in\u00a3 Npa\u00d8- ps- a\u2202- p\u2248 `ojW- nt- bmS- pI- qS- nb hy\u2021nK- X- a- mb Ie]v \\\\- I- fpw AXn\\\\- pt- ijw XpS\u00bfin\u00a3- m\\\\- S- ]- S- nI- f- pa- mWv FdW- mI- pfw hnaX- sc Im\u00d8n- cn\u00b0- p\u2202- s- X\u2202v kmcw. 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FdWmIpfw\u02db- A- \u00b6- a- men AXnc- q]- X apgph- \\\\- mbn GIoI- rX _enb- \u00bf\u220fW- - coX- nb- n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202v Hgnh- ps- ImS- p\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 X\\\\n\u00b0v am\u00bf]m\u220f t\\\\cn\u00b4v apJZ- mh- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v A\\\\ph- mZw \\\\eIv nb- n- cp\u2202p F\u2202p\u2248 am\u00bf Icnb- ne- ns\u201a AhI- mi- h- mZw Hcp I\u221aph- \u00ae \\\\pWb- ms- W\u2202v am\u00bf]m\u220f- b- psS I\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v hy\u2021w. am\u00bf B\u201aWn Icnb- n\u00ac ]d\u2122 Nne kmt\u00b6X- nI Imcy\u00df- \u0192 X\\\\n\u00b0v a\\\\\u00a0- ne- mI- m\u2122- X- ps- Im\u2260v I\u00bf\u00b1n\\\\- m\u0192 km{\u00b5nsb sN\u2202pI- \u2260v F\u221amw hy\u2021a- mbn FgpXn hm\u00dfph- m\u2265 am{Xa- mWv {^m\u2265knkv am\u00bf]m\u220f am\u00bf Icnb- ne- nt- \\\\mSv ]d\u2122- s- X\u2202pw A\u221amsX a\u2030v bmsXmcp A\\\\ph- mZ- hpw At\u00b1l- \u00d8- n\\\\v sImS- p\u00d8- n\u00b4- n- s\u221a\u2202pw B I\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v hy\u2021w. am\u00bf Icnb- n\u00ac Xs\u201a t]cv Zpcp]- t- bmK- n\u00ae- X- nepw AXpa- qe- a- p\u2260- mb sX\u2030n\u2264- mc- W- b- nepw At\u00b1l- \u00d8- n\\\\- p\u2248 thZ\\\\- bpw B I\u00d8n\u00ac hy\u2021a- mbn tcJs- \u220fS- p\u00d8- nb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. 57","Cu I\u00d8v am\u00bf B\u2265{Uqkv Xmg\u00d8v ]nXmhv {]kn\u2264- s- \u220fS- p\u00d8- nb- Xv FdW- mI- pfw hnaX- sc Ipds- \u00aem\u2202- p- a\u221a hnja- \u00d8- ne- m\u00b0- nb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- s- X\u2202v Ahc- psS {]XnI- c- W- \u00d8- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v hy\u2021w. am\u00bf]m\u220f \u00a2coj- y\u2265 k`- bpsS P\\\\d- mf- \u00ae- \\\\- v Ab\u00ae I\u00d8v ]ck- ys- \u220fS- p\u00d8- nb- X- nse [m\u00bf\u2126nI- X- b- mWv Ah\u00bf\u00b0nt- \u220fm\u0192 N\u00bf\u00aemh- nj- - bw. 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Xm\u00b6\u0192 Ahsc hn\u00b4I- e- pI'' (2 Xntam 3:3\u02db5). hn\u00b4I- e- pI am{Xa- \u221a- , A\u00dfs- \\\\b- p\u2248- h- sc km\u00d8m\\\\v hn\u00b4ps- ImS- p\u00b0- pI (1 Xntam 1:19) bpamh- ms- a\u2202v hN\\\\w \\\\s\u2126 Hm\u00bf\u2126n\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260- .v AXpt- ]ms- eX- s- \u2202, A\u00dfs- \\\\b- p\u2248- h- \u00bf \\\"\\\"e\u00f7nt- \u00b0\u2260- X- n\\\\'v' Aht- cmS- p\u2248 kwk\u00bf\u00a7w Xs\u2202 Dt]\u00a3- n\u00b0- W- s- a\u2202pw ]utemkv \u00abolm Bhi- ys- \u220fS- p\u2202- p\u2260v (1 sX\u00a0 3:14). 1451\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\- C\u00dfs\\\\ A\\\\pi- mk- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Hcp hy\u2021nsb X\u00b4ns- \u00b0m\u2260pt]mhpI- t- bm, A\\\\ymb- - ambn XS\u2122- ph- b- v\u00b0pI- t- bm, KpcpX- c- a- mbn ]cnt- \u00b0e- v]n\u00b0- pI- tbm, AwK`- wKw hcp\u00d8- pI- t- bm, imcoc- n- Itam am\\\\k- nI- tam Bb ]oU\\\\w Ge]v n\u00b0- pI- tbm sN\u00f8p\u2202- b- m\u0192 henb alt- dm\u2265in\u00a3- t- ]mepw Hgn- hm\u00b0- ms- XX- s\u2202 A\\\\pt- bmP- ya- mbn in\u00a3n\u00b0- s- \u220ft- S\u2260- X- mW- .v '' FdW- mI- pf- w\u02db- A- \u00b6- a- men AXnc- q]- X- b- n\u00ac \\\\nba- h- mgNv ]p\\\\x\u00ffm]n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\pw hnaX- c- psS tX\u00bfhmgNv Ahk- m\\\\- n\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\- pa- mh- i- ya- mb \\\\nba- - ]c- a- mb \\\\S]- S- nI- \u0192 A\u220fk- tv Xme- nIv AUav n\\\\- nk- tv {S\u2030- \u00bf Xmak- wh- n\\\\m Bcw`- n\u00b0- ps- a\u2202v \\\\ap\u00b0v {]Xymi- n- \u00b0mw.- 58","CS-h-I-Ifpw CS-h-I-bpsS `c-W -kw-hn-[m-\\\\-\u00dffpw ]uc-kvXy k`-I-fpsS Imt\\\\m-\\\\ kwln-X-bnepw kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS {]tXyI \\\\nb-a-\u00d8nepw : Hcp A]-{K-Y\\\\w tUm. sPbnwkv amXyp ]m\u00bamd kn.F- w.s- F BapJw 2022 HIvtSm-_\u00bf 11-\u02dbmw XobXn kt\u2126-fn\u00ae Fd-Wm-Ipfw\u02dbA-\u00b6-amen AXn-cq-]-X-bnse hnhn[ s^m- tdm-\\\\-I-fnse sshZn-I-cpsS kt\u2126-f-\\\\-\u00df-fnse Xocp-am-\\\\-\u00df-fn\u00ac s]m-Xp-hmb H\u2202v X\u00df-fpsS cq]-X- bpsS A\u220f-kvtXm-enIv AUvan-\\\\n-kvt{S-\u2030-dmb am\u00bf B\u2265{Uqkv Xmg\u00d8v ]nXmhv {]kvXpX AXn-cq-]- X-bnse F\u221am ]\u2248n-I-fnepw hmbn-\u00b0-W-sa-\u2202m-h-iy-s\u220f\u00b4v ]pd-\u00d8n-d-\u00b0nb k\u00bf\u00b0p-e\u00bf (9\/22 dated 30 September 2022) hmbn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 X\u00df\u0192\u00b0p\u2248 a\\\\xkm\u00a3n-]-c-amb Ign-hn-\u221ambva (conscientious in- ability) tcJm-aqew ]c-ky-ambn {]Jym-]n-\u00b0pI F\u2202-Xm-bn-cp-\u2202p. AtXm-sSm-\u220fw-Xs\u2202 B k\u00bf-\u00b0p-e- dn\u00ac ]d-bp-\u2202-Xp-t]mse kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bpsS A\u00bf\u220f-Ws\u00d8 kw_- \u2018n\u00ae \\\\nbaw X\u00df-fpsS `c-W-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn Gev]n-\u00b0-s\u220f-\u00b4n-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 CS-h-I-I-fn\u00ac \\\\S-\u220fn-em-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 X\u00df- fpsS a\\\\xkm\u00a3n X\u00dfsf A\\\\p-h-Zn-\u00b0p-\u2202n-\u221am-sb\u2202pw Ah\u00bf tcJm-aqew A\u220f-kvtXm-enIv AUvan-\\\\n- kvt{S-\u2030sd Adn-bn-\u00b0p-\u2202p-ap-\u2260v. Cu ]\u203am-\u00d8e\u00d8nemWv CS-h-I-I\u0192 F\u00a5v, CS-hI hnIm-cn-bp-sSbpw kl-Im-cn-I-fp-sSbpw Ah-Im-i-\u00dffpw IS-a-I-fp-sa-\u00a5v, CS-hI `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\\\\-\u00dffpw Ah-cpsS A[n- Im-chpw A[n-Im-c-]-cn-[nbpw Fs\u00a5ms\u00b0 F\u2202p\u2248 tNmZy-\u00df\u0192 {]k-\u2021-am-Ip-\u2202-Xv. AXp-t]m-se- Xs\u2202 a\\\\xkm\u00a3nsb Ft\u220fm-gmWv A\\\\p-k-cn-t\u00b0-\u2260Xv? \\\\nb-a-\u00df\u0192 a\\\\xkm\u00a3n-bpsS t]cn\u00ac ewLn- \u00aem\u00ac F\u00a5mWv kw`-hn-\u00b0pI? \\\\nb-a-\u00df\u0192 A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p-\u2248tXm AtXm ewLn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p-\u2248tXm F\u2202o tNmZy-\u00df\u0192\u00b0pw D\u00d8cw tXSp-I-bmWv Cu teJ-\\\\-\u00d8n\u00ac. 1. \\\\nb-aw, BNmcw, `c-W-]-c-amb \\\\S-]-Sn-I\u0192 (Laws, Customs and Administrative Acts) ]uc-kvXy-k-`-IfpsS Im\\\\\u2265 kwln-X-bpsS Ccp-]\u00d8nsbm\u2265]Xmw io\u00bfjIw \\\"\\\"\\\\nb-aw, BNmcw, `c-W-]-c-amb \\\\S-]-Sn-I\u0192'' F\u2202m-Wv. Cu aq\u2202v Imcy-\u00df\u0192 Hcp io\u00bfj-I-\u00d8ns\u201a Iogn\u00ac H\u2202n\u00aev Ah- X-cn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\\\\v hy\u2021-amb Imc-W-\u00df-fp-\u2260v. k`m-X-\\\\-b\u00bf hy\u2021n-]-c-ambpw kwLm-X-ambpw A\\\\p- k-cn-t\u00b0\u2260 Imcy-\u00df-fm-Wn-h. \\\\nb-a-\u00df\u0192 A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p-\u2248-Xm-Wv, ewLn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p-\u2248-Xs\u221a\u2202v kmam-\\\\y-_p-\u2264n\u00b0v a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0m-hp-\u2202-Xm-Wv. ImcWw, \\\\nbaw A[n-Im-cn-I-fn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v hcp-\u2202-h-bm-Wv. AXp-t]m-se-Xs\u2202 AXv s]m-Xp-\\\\-\u2211sb e\u00a3yw-h\u00aev D\u2260m-\u00b0n-bn-\u00b4p-\u2248-Xp-am-Wv. F\u2202m\u00ac, \\\\nbaw am{X- a\u221a \\\\mw A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 IS-s\u220f-\u00b4Xv; {]Xyp-X, A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS Xocp-am-\\\\-\u00dffpw Iev]-\\\\-Ifpw \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-i-\u00dffpw \\\\mw A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 IS-s\u220f-\u00b4n-cn-\u00b0p\u2202p F\u2202pw-IqSn kqNn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\mWv \\\"`c-W-]- c-amb \\\\S-]-Sn-I\u0192' F\u2202 `mKhpw Cu io\u00bfj-I-\u00d8n\u00ac tN\u00bf\u00d8n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. ]utemkv \u00abolm tdmam- \u00b0m\u00bf\u00b0p\u2248 teJ-\\\\-\u00d8n\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\ {]kvXm-hn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Hmtcm hy\u2021nbpw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I\u0192\u00b0v hnt[- b-\\\\mbncn\u00b0-s\u00b4. ssZh-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n-\u2202-\u221amsX A[n-Im-c-sam-\u2202p-an-\u221a. D\u2248 A[n-Im-c-sa\u221amw ssZh-\u00ffm-]n- X-amWv. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac, A[n-Im-cn-Isf [n\u00b0-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-h\u2265 ssZh-kw-hn-[m-\\\\-s\u00d8-bs{X XnckvI-cn-\u00b0p- \u2202Xv. [n\u00b0-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-h\u2265 kzbw in\u00a3m-hn-[n-\u00b0\u00bfl-\\\\m-Ip-\u2202p. \\\\\u2211sN\u00f8p-\u2202-h\u00bf\u00b0\u221a, Xn\u2211sN\u00f8p-\u2202- h\u00bf\u00b0mWv `c-W-I\u00bf\u00d8m-\u00b0\u0192 `oj-Wn-bm-Ip-\u2202-Xv. A[n-Im-cnsb `b-s\u220f-Sm-Xn-cn-\u00b0-W-sa-\u2202pt\u2260m? \\\\\u2211sN\u00f8pI; At\u220fm\u0192 \\\\n\\\\\u00b0v At\u00b1-l-\u00d8ns\u201a AwKo-Im-c-ap-\u2260m-Ipw. Fs\u00a5-\u2202m\u00ac, At\u00b1lw \\\\n\u00df- fpsS \\\\\u2211-bv\u00b0p-th-\u2260n-bp\u2248 ssZh-\u00d8ns\u201a ip{iq-j-I-\\\\m-Ip-\u2202p. F\u2202m\u00ac Xn\u2211-bmWv \\\\o sN\u00f8p-\u2202-sX- \u00b6n\u00ac `b-s\u220f-Sp-I. -F-s\u00a5-\u2202m\u00ac, At\u00b1lw hm\u0192 [cn-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202Xv shdp-sX-b-\u221a. Xn\u2211sN\u00f8p-\u2202-h-cp-sS- ta\u00ac ssZh-tIm-]-\u00d8ns\u201a {]Xn-Imcw sN\u00f8p\u2202 ip{iq-j-I-\\\\m-W-t\u00b1-lw. AXp-sIm\u2260v ssZh-tIm-]- \u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n-s\u2202m-gn-\u2122p-am-dp-hm\u2265 am{X-a-\u221a, a\\\\xkm\u00a3n-bpsS t]cnepw \\\\n\u00df\u0192 A[n-Im-cn-I\u0192\u00b0v hnt[- b-cm-bn-cn-\u00b0Ww'' (tdmam 13:1\u02db5). a\\\\xkm\u00a3n-bpsS t]cnepw A[n-Im-cn-I\u0192\u00b0v hnt[-b-cm-bn-cn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 hnizm-kn-Isf hnip\u2264 ]utemkv \u00abolm Blzm\\\\w sN\u00f8p-t\u00bam\u0192, AtX a\\\\xkm\u00a3n\u00b0v A\\\\p-k-c- W-t\u00b0-Sn\\\\v Iq\u00b4p-\\\\n-ev\u00b0m-\\\\m-hptam F\u2202 tNmZyw IqSp-X\u00ac {]k-\u2021-am-Wv. 2. I\u00bf\u00b1n-\\\\m\u0192 \\\\yqam\\\\pw a\\\\xkm\u00a3nbpw a\\\\xkm\u00a3nsb ssZh-\u00d8ns\u201a kzc-am-bmWv I\u00bf\u00b1n-\\\\m\u0192 \\\\yqam\u2265 ImWp-\u2202-Xv. AXn-\\\\m-emWv am\u00bf]m- \u220f-sb-bmtWm a\\\\xkm\u00a3n-sb-bmtWm A\\\\p-k-cn-t\u00b0-\u2260-sX\u2202 tNmZyw h\u2202m\u00ac BZyw Xm\u2265 a\\\\xkm\u00a3nsb sXc-s\u2122-Sp-\u00b0p-sa\u2202v At\u00b1lw ]d-bp-\u2202-Xv. F\u2202m\u00ac At\u00b1lw XpS\u00bf\u2202v ]d-bp-\u2202p-\u2260v, ssZh-\u00d8ns\u201a kt\u00b5-i-hm-l-I-\\\\mb a\\\\xkm \u00a3n, a\\\\p-jy-kz-`m-h-\u00d8nepw (human nature) ssZh-Ir-]- bnepw Du\u2202n-\\\\n-\u2202p-sIm\u2260v, ssZh-\u00d8ns\u201a {]Xn-\\\\n-[n-I-fmb A[n-Im-cn-I\u0192 ]Tn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202-XmWv \\\\t\u2126mSv 59","]d-bp-\u2202-sX-\u2202v. as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d-\u2122m\u00ac \\\\\u2126psS a\\\\xkm\u00a3n km[m-cW KXn-bn\u00ac \\\\s\u2126 ]Tn-\u220fn- t\u00b0-\u2260Xv k`m-[n-Im-cn-I\u0192 \\\\s\u2126 ]Tn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202-X-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev {]h\u00bf\u00d8n-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 Xs\u2202-bm-Wv. F\u2202m\u00ac GsXm-c-[n-Im-cn-bm-bmepw, Abm\u0192 ssZh-\\\\n-b-a-\u00d8n-s\\\\-Xnsctbm [m\u00bf\u2126n-I-\\\\n-b-a-\u00df\u0192s\u00b0-Xn-sctbm Fs\u00a5-\u00b6nepw sN\u00f8p-hm\u2265 Iev]n-\u00aem\u00ac, B A[n-Imcn am\u00bf]m-\u220f-bm-sW-\u00b6n\u00ac t]mepw, B sX\u2030v sN\u00f8p- \u2202-Xn-\\\\p-]-Icw a\\\\xkm \u00a3n-tbmSv tN\u00bf\u2202p \\\\nev\u00b0p-sa\u2202pw, A\\\\p-k-c-W-t\u00b0-Sn-\\\\p\u2248 in\u00a3 kzoI-cn- \u00b0p-I-tb-bp\u2248q F\u2202p-amWv Im\u00bfUn-\\\\\u00ac \\\\yqam\u2265 ChnsS A\u00bf\u221eam\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. CXp-X-s\u2202-bmWv ]g-b- \\\\n-b-a-\u00d8n\u00ac a\u00b0-_m-b-cpsS ]pkvX-I-\u00d8nepw ]pXn-b-\\\\n-b-a-\u00d8n-sebpw BZn-a-k-`-bn\u00ac XpS\u00dfn C\u2202p- h-sc-bp\u2248 aX-a\u00bf\u00b1\\\\ ]\u203am-\u00d8-e-\u00d8nse an\u00b0 c\u2021-km-\u00a3n-Xz-\u00d8nepw ImWp-\u2202-Xv. 3. a\\\\xkm\u00a3n It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-k-`-bpsS aX-t_m-[-\\\\-{K-\u0178-\u00d8n\u00ac c\u2260mw h\u00d8n-\u00b0m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kn-ens\u201a \\\"\\\"k` B [p-\\\\nItemI-\u00d8n\u00ac'' F\u2202 ]m\u00c3-d\u00ac tIm\u00a8\u00c3n\u2030yq j\u2265 (GS 16) D\u2264-cn-\u00aep-sIm\u2260v It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-k-`-bpsS aX-t_m-[-\\\\-{K\u0178w C\u00dfs\\\\ ]Tn-\u220fn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"a\\\\xkm\u00a3n a\\\\p-jys\u201a G\u2030hpw \\\\nKq-V-amb D\u2248-dbpw, Ahs\u201a hnip\u2264 \u00ffe-hp-am-Wv. 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Cu A\u2044-X-sb-\u220f\u2030n aX-t_m-[-\\\\-{K\u0178w 1790 apX\u00ac 1793 hsc-bp\u2248 \\\\\u00ba-cp-I-fn\u00ac IqSp-X\u00ac hni-Z-am-\u00b0p- \u2202p\u2260v. CCC (Catechism of the Catholic Church) 1790\u02db\u00ac \\\\mw C\u00dfs\\\\ hmbn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"a\\\\p-jy\u2265 Ft\u220fmgpw a\\\\xkm\u00a3n-bpsS kp\\\\n-\u203an-X-amb hn[n-Xo\u00bf\u220fv A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0-Ww. AXn\\\\v hn]-co-X-ambn a\\\\x]q\u00bfhw {]h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0- pI- b- ms- W\u00b6- n\u00ac Ah\u2265 Xs\u2202\u00d8- s\u2202 in\u00a3n\u00b0- pI- b- mhpw. F\u2202mepw [m\u00bf\u2126nI a\\\\xkm\u00a3n A\u2044-X-bn\u00ac Bbn-cn-\u00b0m\\\\pw sN\u00f8m-\\\\n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202tXm sNbvXp Ign-\u2122tXm Bb {]hr- \u00d8n-I-sf-\u00b0p-dn\u00aev sX\u2030mb hn[n-Xo\u00bf\u220fp-I\u0192 \\\\S-\u00d8m\\\\pw km\u2264y-X-bp-\u2260v.'' 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A\u00df- s\\\\-bp\u2248 Ah-k-c-\u00df-fn\u00ac, {]kvXpX Xocp-am-\\\\-\u00df\u0192 GI-I-WvT-ambn ]m\u00a0m-\u00b0n-b-Xm-bmWv ss\\\\bm- an-I-ambn hne-bn-cp-\u00d8p-I. CXp-X-s\u2202-bmWv 1999\u02dbse kn\\\\-Unepw \\\\S-\u2202-sX-\u2202mWv \\\\ap\u00b0v a\\\\-\u00a0n-em- \u00b0m\u2265 km[n-\u00b0p-I. c\u2260m-a-Xmbn, Cu hnj-b-\u00d8n\u00ac {]kvXm-h-tbm-Ky-amb Imcyw kn\\\\-Uns\u201a Xocp-am\\\\w GI-I- WvtT\\\\bmtI\u2260 Bh-iy-ans\u221a\u2202p-\u2248-Xm-Wv. h\u00d8n-\u00b0m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kn-ens\u201a F\u221am {]am-W-tc-J-Ifpw thm\u00b4n-\\\\n-\u00b4-Xm-Wv. GI-I-WvtT-\\\\-b\u221a Ah-bn\u00ac H\u2202p-t]mepw ]m\u00a0m-b-Xpw. 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B Xocp-am-\\\\-\u00d8n-s\\\\-Xn-cmbn Bcpw thm\u00b4v sNbvXX- mbn ImWs- \u220fS- m\u00d8- X- n\\\\- m\u00ac Xs\u2202 \\\"\\\"GII- W- vtT\\\\- b- p\u2248 kn\\\\U- ns\u201a Xocpa- m\\\\w'' F\u2202 am\u00bf]m- \u220f-bpsS I\u00d8nse ]cm-a\u00bfihpw hkvXp-Xm-]-c-ambpw ss\\\\bm-an-I-hp-ambn sX\u2030s\u221a\u2202v a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0m-\\\\m- hpw. AXp-t]m-se-X-s\u2202, Fd-Wm-Ip-fw-\u02db-A-\u00b6-amen AXn-cq-]-X-bnse sshZn-I-cpsS a\\\\xkm\u00a3n kw_- \u2018n-bmb FXn\u00bf\u220fn-\\\\p\u2248 as\u2030mcp Imc-W-ambn ]d-\u2122n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202Xv 1999-\u02dbse kn\\\\-Un-\\\\p-tijw \\\\S\u2202 kn\\\\-Up-I-fn\u00ac 50:50 Xocp-am\\\\w ]men-\u00b0-W-sa\u2202v Bh\u00bf\u00d8n\u00aev ]d-\u2122n-cp\u2202p F\u2202 {]kvXm-h\\\\ sX\u2030m- sW\u2202pw AXpt- ]ms- eX- s\u2202 kn\\\\Uv Xs\u2202 AwKoI- c- n\u00ae Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- k- w_- \u2018- nb- mb \\\\S]- S- n{- Ia\u00df\u0192 2021 se hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ \\\\ho-I-c-W-\u00d8n\u00ac ]men-\u00aen-\u00b4n\u221a F\u2202p-am-Wv. 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CXn-s\u201a-sb\u221amw shfn-\u00ae-\u00d8n\u00ac Hcp {Um^v\u2030v 2017 BK-\u00c3nse kn\\\\-Un\u00ac Ah-X-cn-\u220fn-\u00aep. kn\\\\-Un\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v e`n\u00ae \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1- i-\u00df-fpsS shfn-\u00ae-\u00d8n\u00ac sa{Xm-\u2211m-cpsS kvs]jy\u00ac I\u2126n\u2030n {Um^v\u2030n\u00ac Bh-iy-amb t`Z-K-Xn-I\u0192 hcp-\u00d8n, ho\u2260pw Fs\u00a5-\u00b6nepw \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-i-\u00df-fp-s\u2260-\u00b6n\u00ac, Ah \\\\evIm-\\\\mbn Cu {Um^v\u2030v F\u221am sa{Xm- \u2211m\u00bf\u00b0pw Ab-\u00aep-sIm-Sp-\u00d8p. e`n\u00ae \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-i-\u00df-fpsS shfn-\u00ae-\u00d8n\u00ac sa{Xm-\u2211m-cpsS kvs]jy\u00ac I\u2126n\u2030n Bh-iy-amb Xncp-\u00d8-ep-I\u0192 {Um^v\u2030n\u00ac hcp-\u00d8p-I-bp-\u2260m-bn. 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Im\u00bf\u2126n-I\u2265 hnizm-kn-I-fpsS apJ\u00d8pt\\\\m\u00b0n-b\u00bf\u220fn-t\u00b0-\u2260tXm, hnizm-kn-I\u0192 Im\u00bf\u2126n-Is\u201a apJt\u00d8m, I\u00bf\u2126-\u00df-fntem D\u2030p-t\\\\m-\u00b0n-s\u00b0m\u2260v Hcp \\\\mS-Im-`n-\\\\-bw-t]mse ImtW-\u2260tXm A\u221a hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\. Ah\u00bf Im\u00bf\u2126n-I-t\\\\m-sSm\u220fw A\u00bf\u220fn-t\u00b0\u2260 H\u2202mWv Cu _en-b\u00bf\u220f-Ww. Cu ssZh-imkv{Xw a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0m\u2265 km[n-\u00b0m\u00d8 A\u2044XsIm-\u2260mWv Fd-Wm-Ip-fw-\u02db-A-\u00b6-amen AXn-cq-]-X-bnse sshZn- I\u00bf kn\\\\Uv \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-in\u00ae coXn-bn-ep\u2248 hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-b\u00bf\u220fWw X\u00df-fpsS a\\\\xkm\u00a3n A\\\\p-h-Zn- \u00b0p-\u2202ns\u221a\u2202v FgpXn H\u220fn-Sm\u2265 Imc-W-am-bn-\u00d8o\u00bf\u2202-Xv. kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- n\u00ac P\\\\m`- na- pJ- a- mbn _enb- \u00bf\u220fn\u00ae- m\u00ac F\u00a5mWv sXs\u2030\u2202v tNmZn\u00ae- m\u00ac AXn- \\\\p\u2248 D\u00d8cw as\u2030mcp coXnb- nepw ]db- ph- m\u2265 km[n\u00b0- pw. C\u2030e- nb- nepw P\u00bf\u2126\\\\- nb- nepw Atac- n\u00b0- b- ne- p- sa\u221amw he\u00d8- ph- iw tN\u00bf\u2202mWv h\u2260n HmSn\u00b0- p\u2202- X- v (Right hand drive). am\u00bf]m\u220f- bpw A\u00dfs- \\\\X- s- \u2202- bmWv h\u2260n HmSn\u00b0- p\u2202- X- v. C\u00a5yb- n\u00ac A\u00dfs\\\\ h\u2260n HmSn\u00ae- m\u00ac F\u00a5mWv sXs\u2030\u2202v tNmZn\u00ae- m\u00ac, AX\u221a C\u00a5yb- n\u00ac {]m_e- y\u00d8- ne- nc- n\u00b0p\u2202 \\\\nbaw F\u2202X- mWv AXn\\\\- p\u2248 D\u00d8c- w. Hmtcm hy\u2021nbpw A\\\\pk- - cnt- \u00b0\u2260- Xv B hy\u2021n AwKa- mb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 kaql- \u00d8- ns\u201a \\\\nba- a- mW- v. A\u221ams- X, thsd GsX\u00b6- nepw kaql- \u00d8- ns- \u201atbm, cmPy\u00d8- ns- \u201atbm, hnizmk- I- q\u00b4- mb- vab- ps- Stbm \\\\nba- a\u221a- . kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS \\\\nba- a- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 ]\u2030m\u00d8- h- \u00bf sNt\u00f8\u2260- Xv Cu k`b- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v amdn Ah\u00bf\u00b0nj- vSa- p\u2248 \\\\nba- \u00df- fpw Bcm[- \\\\- mc- oX- nI- f- pa- p\u2248 k`b- n\u00ac tNcpI F\u2202X- mW- v. 4. CS-h-Ibpw CS-h-I-hn-Im-cnbpw \\\"\\\"cq]-X-bn\u00ac \u00ffnc-ambn \u00ffm]n-X-am-bXpw Hcp CS-h-I-hn-Im-cn-bpsS AP-]m-e-\\\\-\u00d8n\\\\v `c-ta-ev]n- \u00b0-s\u220f-\u00b4-Xp-amb ss{IkvX-h-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Hcp \\\\n\u203anX kaq-l-amWv CS-hI'' F\u2202v ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbaw \\\\n\u00bfh-Nn-\u00b0p\u2202p (CCEO c. 279). \\\"\\\"CS-h-I-I\u0192 \u00ffm]n-\u00b0p-I, ]p\\\\xkwhn-[m\\\\w sN\u00f8pI, C\u221am-Xm-\u00b0pI F\u2202nh sshZn-I-k-an-Xn-bp-ambn Btem-Nn-\u00ae-tijw cq]-Xm-sa-{Xm\u2265 sNt\u00f8-\u2260-XmWv'' F\u2202pw AtX Im\\\\\u2265\\\\n-bakwlnX hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p-\u2202p\u2260v (CCEO c. 280, \u00a72). \\\"\\\"Hcp {]tXyI CShI- bnse B\ufb02m-\u00b0-fpsS kwc-\u00a3Ww kz\u00a5w CS-b-s\\\\-\u2202-t]mse `c-ta-ev]n-\u00b0-s\u220f-\u00b4n-\u00b4p\u2248 Hcp sshZn-I- \\\\mWv CS-h-I-hn-Imcn'' F\u2202pw \\\"\\\"cq]-Xm-sa-{Xms\u201a A[n-Im-c-\u00d8n\u2265 Iogn\u00ac- C-S-h-I-bn\u00ac cq]-Xm-sa- {Xms\u201a kl-{]-h\u00bf\u00d8-I-\\\\mWv At\u00b1l''sa\u2202pw XpS\u00bf\u2202p-h-cp\u2202 Imt\\\\m-\\\\bpw hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p-\u2202p\u2260v (cf. CCEO c. 281, \u00a72). AXp-t]m-se-X-s\u2202, \\\"\\\"CS-h-I-hn-Im-cn-amsc \\\\nb-an-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 Ah-Imiw cq]-Xm- sa-{Xm-t\u201aXv am{X-amWv'' F\u2202pw \\\"\\\"At\u00b1lw Ahsc kzX-{\u00a5-ambn \\\\nb-an-\u00b0p\u2202p'' F\u2202pw ]uc-kvXy- Im-\\\\\u2265\\\\n-b-aw hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p-\u2202p\u2260v (CCEO c. 284, \u00a72). \\\"\\\"cq]-Xm-sa-{Xm\u2265 kzoI-cn\u00ae cmPn, Imem-h[n ]q\u00bf\u00d8n-bm-I\u00ac, \\\\o\u00b0w sN\u00f8\u00ac, \u00ffew-am\u2030w F\u2202n-h-aqew CS-h-I-hn-Im-cn\u00b0v Xs\u201a DtZymKw C\u221am- Xm-Ip\u2202p'' F\u2202pw (CCEO c. 297, \u00a71) \\\"\\\"CS-h-I-bpsS AP-]m-e-\\\\-ip-{iqj th\u2260-hn[w \\\\S-\u00d8p-\u2202- Xn\\\\v Bh-iytam, bp\u2021tam BsW-\u00b6n\u00ac CS-h-I-hn-Im-cn\u00b0v Ht\u2202m AXn-e-[n-Itam'' sshZn-I-cmb AkvtX-\u00a5n-amsc sIm-Sp-\u00b0m-sa\u2202pw (CCEO c. 301, \u00a71) ]uckvXyIm\\\\\u2265\\\\nbaw hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p-\u2202p- \u2260v. AXp-t]m-se-Xs\u2202 Hmtcm CS-h-Ibpw Hcp ss\\\\bm-anI hy\u2021n (juridic person) BsW\u2202pw CS- h-I-hn-Im-cn-bmWv Cu ss\\\\bm-an-I-hy-\u2021nsb {]Xn-\\\\n-[o-`-hn-\u00b0p\u2202Xv F\u2202pw Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbaw hy\u2021- am-\u00b0p\u2202p (CCEO c. 280, \u00a73, 290, \u00a71). as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122- m\u00ac cq]X- ms- a{- Xm\\\\- m\u00ac \\\\nba- n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4 CSh- I- h- nI- mc- na- mcpw AkvtX\u00a5- n- amcpw F\u221am\u00b0- mc- y\u00df- f- nepw cq]X- ms- a{- Xms\\\\ A\\\\pk- c- n\u00ae- v, B cq]X- ms- a{- Xms\u201a hnImc- ns- b\u2202 \\\\ne- bn\u00ac It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mk- `- b- psS s]mX- p\\\\- nb- a- \u00df- fpw (common law) cq]X- b- psS {]tXyI \\\\nba- \u00df- fpw (par- ticular law) A\\\\pk- c- n\u00aev CSh- I- b- n\u00ac AP]- me- \\\\- i- p{- iqj \\\\St- \u00d8\u2260- h- c- mW- v. tae[- nI- mc- nb- mb cq]- Xms- a{- Xms\u201a \\\\nba- \u00df- fpw Iev]\\\\- I- fpw ]q\u00bf\u00c6a- mbn inc\u00a0mhln\u00aev Xs\u2202 Gev]n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 CSh- I- - bnse APK- W- \u00df- \u0192\u00b0v ip{iqjsN\u00f8ph- m\\\\- mbn \\\\nba- n\u00b0- s- \u220fS- p\u2202 hnImc- n\u00b0- v t- h\u2260 KpWK- W- \u00df- s- f- \u220f\u2030n CCEO c. 285, \u00a71 C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Hcp sshZnI- \u2265 CSh- I- h- nI- mc- nb- mbn \\\\nba- n\u00b0- s- \u220fS- - Ws- a\u00b6- n\u00ac At\u00b1lw k\u2019z`- mh- hpw kXyh- ni- zmk- hpw B\ufb02m\u00b0- \u0192\u00b0pt- h\u2260- nb- p\u2248 Xo\u00a3Wv X- bpw hnth- Ihpw CSh- Iip{iqj kvXpXy\u00bfla- mbn \\\\ndt- h\u2030- p\u2202- X- n\\\\v \\\\nbaw Bhi- ys- \u220fS- p\u2202 a\u2030v KpW\u00df- fpw Ign- hpI- fpw D\u2248h- \\\\- mb- nc- n\u00b0- W- w.'' C\u00b0q\u00b4- \u00d8- n\u00ac tN\u00bf\u00d8v hmbnt- \u00b0\u2260- X- mWv \\\"\\\"]ptcml- nX- i- p{- iqj- nI- f- psS AhI- mi- \u00df- fpw ISa- I- fp''sa\u2202 io\u00bfjI- \u00d8- n\u2265 Iogn\u00ac- hcp\u2202 370\u02db- mw Imt\\\\m\\\\- bpw: \\\"\\\"tdmam am\u00bf]m\u220f- - tbmSpw ]m{Xnb- m\u00bf\u00b0ok- nt- \\\\mSpw cq]X- ms- a{- Xmt- \\\\mSpw _lpa- m\\\\- hpw A\\\\pk- c- W- hpw ImWn\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 ]ptcml- nX- i- p{- iqj- nI- \u0192 {]tXyI- a- mbn ISs- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p.'' Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\ ]uckXv y Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nb- a- \u00d8- ns\u201a I\u2260p]- nS- n\u00d8- s- am\u2202- pa- \u221a- . {]XypX- , c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kne- ns\u201a \\\"\\\"]utcml- nX- y[- \u00bf\u2126hpw sshZn- 63","Ic- psS PohnX- hpw'' kw_\u2018- n\u00ae Un{In (PO 7) bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v FSp\u00d8- n\u00b4- p\u2248- X- mW- v. B Un{In C\u00dfs\\\\ ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"]utcml- nX- ys\u00d8 AXns\u201a ]q\u00bf\u00c6X- b- n\u00ac kzoIc- n\u00ae- n\u00b4- p\u2248- h- c- mWv sa{Xm\u2211- m\u00bf. sshZn- I\u00bf CXns- \\\\\u220f- \u2030n t_m[h- m\u2211- mc- mb- nc- n\u00b0- W- w. sa{Xm\u2211- mc- n\u00ac \u00ffnXnsN\u00f8p\u2202 apJymP- ]- me- I- \\\\- mb {InkXv p- hns\u201a A[nI- mc- s\u00d8 Ah\u00bf BZc- n\u00b0- W- w. AXn\\\\- m\u00ac B\ufb02m\u00bf\u221ea- mb A\\\\pk- c- W- \u00d8- mepw D]h- n- bmepw Ah\u00bf X\u00dff- psS sa{Xm\u2211- mt- cmSv tbmPn\u00aep \\\\nevt\u00b0\u2260- X- mW- v. sshZnI- cpsS B A\\\\pk- c- Ww klI- c- W- t- _m[w \\\\nd\u2122- X- mb- nc- n\u00b0- s- \u00b4. Xncp\u220f- \u00b4- hpw k`m\\\\- nb- a- {- ]I- mc- a- p\u2248 DtZymK- hpwhgn sshZn- I\u00bf\u00b0v e`n\u00b0- p\u2202 ss\u00ablnI [\u00bf\u2126\u00d8- ns\u201a `mK`- mK- nX- z\u00d8- n\u00ac A[nj- vTnX- a- mb- nc- n\u00b0- Ww Cu A\\\\pk- c- - Ww.'' sshZnI- c- psS A\\\\pk- c- W- t- \u00b0S- n\\\\- p\u2248 in\u00a3s- b\u220f- \u2030n ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- \u00d8- nse 1446\u02db- mw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Xs\u201a-Xs\u2202 tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\u2265 \\\\nb-am-\\\\p-krXw ]pd-s\u220f-Sp-hn-\u00b0p\u2202 Iev]\\\\tbm \\\\ntcm[- \\\\- tam A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- mX- nc- n\u00b0- pI- b- pw, imk\\\\- b- v\u00b0pt- ijhpw A\\\\pk- c- W- a- n\u221a- mb- va- bn\u00ac XpSc- pI- bpw sN\u00f8p\u2202 Hcp hy\u2021n Ip\u2030h- mk- \\\\- b- p\u2248- h- \u2265 F\u2202 \\\\neb- n\u00ac A\\\\pt- bmP- ya- mbn in\u00a3n- \u00b0-s\u220f-tS-\u2260-Xm-Wv.'' CS-h-Imw-K-\u00df-fpsS B\u2264ym-\ufb02nI Bh-iy-\u00df\u0192 \\\\n\u00bfh-ln-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\mbn \\\\nb-an-\u00b0-s\u220f-\u00b4n-\u00b4p\u2248 CS-h-I- hnI- mc- n\u00b0v B B\u2264ym\ufb02- nI ip{iqj sN\u00f8p\u2202- X- n\\\\v CSh- I- b- nse bmsXmcp kanX- nI- f- ps- Sbpw AwKo- Imcw Bh-iy-an-s\u221a-\u00b6nepw, CS-h-I-bpsS \u00ffmh-c-, Pw-Ka hkvXp-\u00b0-fpsS \\\\S-\u00d8n\u220fv kw_-\u2018n-\u00aev, At\u00b1lw CS-h-I-bm-Ip\u2202 ss\\\\bm-anI hy\u2021nsb HutZym-Kn-I-ambn {]Xn-\\\\n-[o-I-cn-\u00b0p-t\u00bamgpw B kz\u00d8ns\u201a Imcy-\u00ff\u2265 am{Xta BIp-\u2202p-\u2248q. Hcp {]tXyI \\\\ntbm-K-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ A\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 Bh-iy-s\u220f-\u00b4p-sIm\u2260v hnizm-kn-I\u0192 \\\\evIp\u2202 ImgvN B Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p\u2202 sshZn- I-\\\\p-\u2248-Xm-sW\u2202v 715-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192Xs\u2202, a\u2030v hnip\u2264 I\u00bf\u2126-\u00df\u0192 ]cn-I\u00bf\u2126w sN\u00f8pt\u00bam\u0192 e`n-\u00b0p\u2202 kvtXm{X-\u00b0m-gvN-I\u0192, \\\\evIp-\u2202-bm\u0192 adn\u00aev hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p-\u2202n-s\u221a-\u00b6n\u00ac, CS-h-I- bpsS s]m-Xp-^-\u2260n-te\u00b0v t]mtI-\u2260-XmWv F\u2202pw Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbaw hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260v (cf. ]uckXv y Imt\\\\m\\\\- I- \u0192 k`mP- oh- nX- \u00d8- n\u00ac, t]Pv 266). \\\"\\\"AP-]m-e-\\\\-]-chpw km\u00ba-\u00d8n-I-hp-amb Imcy-\u00df\u0192 ssIImcyw sN\u00f8p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\mbn A\\\\p-tbm-Py-amb kan-Xn-I\u0192 kzbm-[n-Im-c-k-`-bpsS {]tXyI \\\\nb-a-am-\\\\-Z-WvU-{]-Imcw CS-h-I-bn\u00ac D\u2260m-bn-cn-t\u00b0- \u2260-XmWv'' F\u2202v 295-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ A\\\\p-im-kn-\u00b0p-\u2202p-\u2260v. CX-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS {]tXyI \\\\nb-a-amWv \\\"\\\"]\u2248n-tbmK \\\\S-]-Sn-{I-a-\u00df\u0192'' F\u2202 t]cn\u00ac kn\\\\Uv AwKo-I-cn\u00aev {]Jym- ]\\\\w \\\\S\u00d8n \\\\S-\u220fn\u00ac hcp-\u00d8n-b-h. AX-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev Hmtcm CS-h-I-bnepw s]m-Xp-tbm-Khpw {]Xn-\\\\n-[n- tbm-Khpw ssI\u00b0m-c-\u2211mcpw D\u2260m-tI-\u2260Xpw ]\u2248n-tbm-K-\\\\n-b-a-\u00d8n\u00ac ]d-\u2122n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xp-t]mse CS- h-I-`-c-W-\u00d8n\u00ac {]kvXpX kan-Xn-I-fpsS AwKo-Im-chpw A\\\\p-hm-Zhpw CS-h-I-bpsS kz\u00d8ns\u201a ssIImcyw sN\u00f8\u00ac D\u0192s\u220f-sS-bp\u2248 ]e Imcy-\u00df-fnepw CS-h-I-hn-Imcn tXtS-\u2260-Xp-am-Wv. F\u2202m\u00ac, kn\\\\Upw ]cn-ip\u2264 knwlm-k-\\\\hpw AwKo-I-cn\u00aev taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv hnfw-_cw sNbvXv \\\\S-\u220fn\u00ac hcp-\u00d8nb Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ A\u00bf\u220f-W-coXn CS-h-I-bn\u00ac \\\\S-\u220fn\u00ac hcp-\u00d8p-hm\u2265 hnIm-cn\u00b0v ]\u2248n-tbm-K-\u00d8n- s\u201atbm ssI\u00b0mc- \u2211- mc- ps- Stbm AwKoI- mc- tam A\\\\pa- X- ntbm k\u2126X- tam Bhi- ya- n\u221a- . ImcWw, AXmWv k`-bpsS \\\\nb-aw. \\\"\\\"tae-[n-Im-cn-bpsS \\\\nb-a-\u00d8n\\\\v hncp-\u2264-amb Hcp \\\\nbaw km[p-hmbn \\\\S-\u220fm-\u00b0m\u2265 Xmgv\u2202 \\\\nb-a-Zm-Xm-hn\\\\v km\u2264y-a\u221a'' (CCEO c. 986, \u00a72). CS-h-I-hn-Im-cn\u00b0pw AkvtX-\u00a5n-am\u00bf\u00b0pw Xma-kn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 sshZn-I-a-\u00b5ncw ]Wn-bp-hm\\\\pw Ah- cpsS Xma-k-\u00d8n\\\\pw tPmen-\u00b0p-am-h-iy-amb ^\u00bfWo-\u00ae\u00bf, Hm^okv D]-I-c-W-\u00df\u0192 F\u2202n-hbpw `\u00a3-W- im-e-bn-te\u00b0pw ]mN-I-ap-dn-bn-te\u00b0pw Bh-iy-amb D]-I-c-W-\u00dffpw kwhn-[m-\\\\-\u00dffpw ]\u2248n-s\u00ae-e-hn\u00ac hm\u00dfn kq\u00a3n-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw sshZn-I-a-\u00b5n-chpw ]cn-k-chpw hr\u00d8n-bmbn kq\u00a3n-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 {Iao-I-c-W- \u00df\u0192 sN\u00f8p-hm\\\\pw cq]-X-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v \\\\n\u203a-bn-\u00aen-\u00b4p\u2248 thX\\\\w hnIm-cn-\u00b0pw AkvtX-\u00a5n-am\u00bf\u00b0pw \\\\\u00acIp- hm-\\\\p\u2248 IS-abpw Hmtcm CS-h-I-bp-sSbpw `c-W-k-an-Xn-\u00b0p-\u2260v. F\u2202m\u00ac, Hmtcm hnIm-cnbpw CS-h-I- `-cWw Gs\u2030-Sp-\u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192 -A-h-cpsS A`n-cp-Nn-\u00b0-\\\\p-k-cn-\u00aep\u2248 henb km\u00ba-\u00d8n-I-_m-\u2264yX hcp-\u00d8p\u2202 sshZn-I-a-\u00b5ncw tamSn-]n-Sn-\u220fn-\u00b0\u00ac CS-h-I-bpsS D\u00d8-c-hm-Zn-Xz-a-\u221a. AXp-t]mse ]mN-I-ap-dnbpw D]-I- c-W-\u00dffpw CS-h-I-bpsS D\u00d8-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-sW\u00b6nepw X\u00df\u0192\u00b0v e`n-\u00b0p\u2202 thX-\\\\-ap-]-tbm-Kn-\u00aep-sIm\u2260v `\u00a3-W-kw-_-\u2018-amb {Iao-I-c-W-\u00df\u0192 sNt\u00f8-\u2260Xv sshZn-I\u00bf Xs\u2202-bmWv; CS-h-I-b-\u221a. GXm-bmepw CS-h-I-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v dn\u00b4-b\u00bf sNbvXv cq]-Xm-ssh-Zn-I-a-\u00b5n-c-\u00d8n-te\u00b0v hn{i-a-Po-hn-X-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn t]mIp\u2202 sshZnI- \u00bf\u00b0v B cq]X- ms- shZ- nI- a- \u00b5- nc- \u00d8- nse Xs\u201a apdn Xs\u201a A`nc- pN- n\u00b0- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev C\u201aoc- nb- \u00bf sNbvXp- sIm-Sp-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 bmsXmcp IS-abpw B sshZn-I\u2265 Ah-km-\\\\-ambn tkh\\\\w sNbvX CS-h-I-bv\u00b0n-\u221a. A\u00dfs\\\\ GsX-\u00b6nepw sshZn-I\u00bf, GsX-\u00b6nepw CS-h-Isb \\\\n\u00bf_-\u2018n-\u00b0p-\u2202p-s\u2260-\u00b6n\u00ac AXv A[n-Im- c-Zp\u00bfhn-\\\\n-tbm-K-ambn ]cn-K-Wn\u00aev 1464\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ {]Imcw cq]-Xm-\u2264y-\u00a3-s\u201a-b-Sp\u00d8v ]cm-Xn-s\u220f-Sm- hp-\u2202-Xm-Wv. cq]-Xm-ssh-Zn-I\u00bf k\\\\y-kvX-sc-t\u220fmse A\\\\p-k-c-Whpw Zmcn-{Zyhpw {_\u201c-N-cyhpw {hX-am-bn-\u00b4\u221a kzoI-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-sX-\u00b6nepw ]\u00b4kzoI-c-W-k-a-b-\u00d8p-Xs\u2202 cq]-Xm-sa-{Xms\u201a \\\\nb-a-\u00dffpw Iev]-\\\\-Ifpw A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00aep-sIm-\u2248m-sa\u2202v Ah\u00bf hmKvZm\\\\w sN\u00f8p-\u2202p-\u2260v. kz\u00a5w A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS D\u00d8-c-hp-Ifpw Iev]-\\\\-Ifpw A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 Cu IS-a-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v a\\\\xkm\u00a3n Hcp hy\u2021nsb tamNn-\u220fn-\u00b0p- \u2202Xv, {]kvXpX D\u00d8-chv Akm-\u2211m\u00bf\u00a7n-I-am-Ip-t\u00bam\u0192 am{X-am-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-\u00d8n-\\\\v, Kh\u00a8sa\u201a v Bip- 64","]-{Xn-bn\u00ac tPmen sN\u00f8p\u2202 Hcp It\u00d8men\u00b0m tUmIvS-tdm-tSm, \\\\gvkn-t\\\\mtSm Hcp K\u00bf`-\u2014n{Zw \\\\S-\u00d8p- hm\u2265 Ah-cpsS A[n-Im-cn-I\u0192 \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-in-\u00aem\u00ac, K\u00bf`-\u2014n{Zw Hcp sIm-e-]m-XIw Xs\u2202-bm-sW\u2202v a\\\\xkm\u00a3n-bn\u00ac Dd-\u00aep-hn-iz-kn-\u00b0p\u2202 B tUmIvS\u00bft\u00b0m, \\\\gvknt\\\\m B tae-[n-Im-cn-bpsS \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1iw ewLn-\u00b0mw. F\u2202m\u00ac, Fd-Wm-Ip-fw-\u02db-A-\u00b6-amen AXn-cq-]-X-bpsS A\u220f-kvtXm-enIv AUvan-\\\\n-kvt{S-\u2030\u00bf Xs\u201a k\u00bf\u00b0p-e-dn-eqsS Bhiy-s\u220f-\u00b4Xv hnizm-k-\u00d8nt\\\\m, k\u2211m\u00bf\u00a7-\u00d8nt\\\\m (faith and moral) FXn- cmb bmsXm-\u2202p-a-\u221am-\u00d8-Xn-\\\\m\u00ac a\\\\xkm\u00a3n-bpsS t]cp-]-d\u2122v AXv A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0m-Xn-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202Xv Ip\u2030-I-c-amb A\u2044-X-aq-e-ap\u2248 sX\u2030mb a\\\\xkm\u00a3n aqe-am-Ip-hm\u2265 km\u2264y-X-bp-\u2260v. AXn-ep-]-cn-bmb Hcp km\u2264yX Fd-Wm-Ipfw hna-X-t\\\\-Xm-\u00b0-fpsS `oj-Wn\u00b0v hg-\u00dfn, AXn-bmb `oXn ImcWw C\u00df- s\\\\-sbmcp Xocp-am-\\\\-\u00d8n\\\\v a\\\\-\u00a0n-\u221am-a-\\\\-t\u00a0msS H\u220fn\u00b4p F\u2202-Xm-Wv. Fd-Wm-Ip-fw-\u02db-A-\u00b6-amen AXn-cq- ]-X-bnse 377 sshZn-I\u00bf kza-\\\\-\u00a0mse A\\\\p-k-c-W-t\u00b0Sv ImWn-\u00b0p-sa\u2202v Cu teJ-I\u2265 Icp-Xp-\u2202n-\u221a.- A-\u220f-kvtXm-enIv AUvan-\\\\n-kvt{S\u2030-sd-t]mepw ]c-ky-ambn Iq\u00b0p-hn-fn-\u00b0p-Ibpw A[n-t\u00a3-]n-\u00b0p-Ibpw tZtlm-]-{Zhw sN\u00f8p-sa\u2202v `oj-Wn-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8p-Ibpw apJ-\u00d8p-t\\\\m\u00b0n Bt{Im-in-\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvX hna- X-t\\\\-Xm-\u00b0\u0192 B AXn-cq-]-X-bnse a\u2030v sshZn-Isc F{X-b-[nIw `oj-Wn-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8n-bn-\u00b4ps\u2260\u2202v Duln- \u00b0m-hp-\u2202-tX-bp-\u2248q. GXm-bmepw `qcn-]\u00a3w sshZn-Icpw \\\\\u221a-hcpw sNm-\u221ap-hn-fn-bn\u00ac Pohn-\u00b0m-\\\\m-{K- ln-\u00b0p-\u2202-h-cp-amWv F\u2202v Icp-Xm-\\\\mWv Cu teJ-I\\\\v Xmev]-cyw. F\u2202m\u00ac, hna-X-t\\\\-Xm-\u00b0\u0192s\u00b0- Xnsc Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-a-\\\\p-k-cn-\u00aep\u2248 in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-I\u0192 kzoI-cn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 Ime-Xm-akw hcp-\u00d8p-\u2202Xv IqSp-X\u00ac Xn\u2211-bn-te\u00b0v \\\\bn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 Imc-W-am-Ipw. 5. CS-h-Ibpw ]\u2248n-h-kvXp-\u00b0-fpsS e\u00a3yhpw hn\\\\n-tbm-Khpw CS-hI Hcp ss\\\\bm-anI hy\u2021n-bm-bXn-\\\\m\u00ac, CS-h-I-bpsS kz\u00d8p-\u00b0\u0192 It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-k-`-bpsS kz\u00d8m-Wv. F\u2202m\u00ac, AXv cq]-Xm-sa-{Xm-s\u201a-tbm, am\u00bf]m-\u220f-bp-sS-tbm, CS-h-I-hn-Im-cn-bp-sStbm kz\u00d8- \u221a. B kz\u00d8v B CS-h-I-bp-sS-XmWv. F\u2202n-cp\u2202m epw CS-h-Im-K-\u00df\u0192\u00b0v kzX-{\u00a5-ambn hoXn-s\u00ae-Sp- \u00b0m-hp\u2202 H\u2202\u221a AXv. GsX-\u00b6nepw Hcn-S-h-ImwKw CS-hI hnt\u00b4m, hnizmkw Dt]-\u00a3nt\u00aem t]mIp- t\u00bam\u0192 B CS-h-I-kz-\u00d8ns\u201a Hcp hoX-\u00d8n\\\\v Ah-Im-ihpw D\u2260m-bn-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-X-\u221a. CS-h-Imw-K-\u00df\u0192 s\u00b0\u221amw Cu kz\u00d8ns\u201a ssIImcyw sN\u00f8-en\u00ac Xpey{]mXn-\\\\n-[yhpw Xpey Ah-Im-i-\u00df-fp-am-Wp-\u2248- Xv. AXn\u00ac hc-\u00d8t\\\\m, Ccp-\u00d8t\\\\m F\u2202p\u2248 bmsXmcp Xncn-\u00aep-hy-Xym-k-hp-ap-\u2260m-Im\u2265 ]mSn-\u221a. AXp-t]mse Xs\u2202, IqSp-X\u00ac kw`m-h\\\\ sNbvX-h\u00bf\u00b0v IqSp-X\u00ac {]mapJyw In\u00b4p-hm\u2265 CS-h-I-I\u0192 I\u00ba\\\\n BIvSns\u201a Iogn\u00ac hcp-\u2202-h-bp-a-\u221a. \\\"\\\"]\u2248nhkvXp-\u00b0\u0192 Ign-hXpw ]cn-N-b-k-\u00ba-\u2202-cmb A\ufb02m-b-cpsS klm-b-t\u00d8msS thWw ssIImcyw sN\u00f8p-hm\u2265'' F\u2202v c\u2260mw h\u00d8n-\u00b0m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac {]tXyIw \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-in-\u00b0p-\u2202p\u2260v (PO 17). AXp-t]m-se-Xs\u2202 \\\"\\\"`uXn-I-h-kvXp-\u00b0-fpsS DS-a-\u00ff-X-bn\u00ac k`-bv\u00b0p\u2248 e\u00a3y-\u00df\u0192\u00b0-\\\\p-kr-X- ambn k`m-h-kvXp-\u00b0\u0192 ssIImcyw sNt\u00f8-\u2260-Xm-Wv'' F\u2202pw {]kvXpX {]amWtcJ XpS\u00bf\u2202v A\\\\p- im-kn-\u00b0p-\u2202p. \\\"\\\"ssZhm-cm-[-\\\\bv\u00b0v th\u2260n-bp-\u2248h {Iao-I-cn-\u00b0p-I, sshZn-I-cpsS am\\\\y-amb Poh-k- \u2018m-cWw kpK-a-am-\u00b0p-I, t{]jn-X-th-e-I\u0192, D]-hn-{]-h\u00bf\u00d8-\\\\-\u00df\u0192 F\u2202nh {]tXy-In\u00aev Zcn-{Z-cpsS CS-bn\u00ac A\\\\p-jvTn-\u00b0pI F\u2202n-h-bmWv Cu e\u00a3y-\u00df\u0192'' F\u2202v XpS\u00bf\u2202v Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac hni-Zo-I-cn- \u00b0p\u2202p (PO 17). ]\u2248n-h-kvXp-\u00b0\u0192 ssIImcyw sN\u00f8p\u2202 sshZn-I\u00bf\u00b0v hcm-hp\u2202 Hcp {]tem-`-\\\\-s\u00d8- \u220f-\u2030nbpw c\u2260mw h\u00d8n-\u00b0m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac ap\u2202-dn-bn\u220fv \\\\evIp-\u2202p-\u2260v: \\\"\\\"AXp-sIm\u2260v sshZn-I\u00bf k`m- kw-_-\u2018-amb tPmen BZm-b-ap-\u2260m-\u00b0m-\\\\p\u2248 am\u00bf\u00a7-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-\u00b0-cp-Xv. tPmen-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v In\u00b4p\u2202 BZmbw kz\u00a5w IpSpw-_-kz\u00d8v h\u00bf\u2264n-\u220fn-\u00b0m-\\\\mbn sshZn-I\u00bf D]-tbm-K-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. AXn- \\\\m\u00ac, lrZbw Hcn-\u00b0epw [\\\\-t\u00d8mSv H\u00b4n-t\u00ae-cm-\u00d8-hn[w sshZn-I\u00bf {Zhym-{K-l-\u00df-fn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw Hgn- \u2122n-cn-\u00b0p-Ibpw GXv hn[-\u00d8n-ep-ap\u2248 I\u00ae-h-S CS-]mSpI-fpsS em\u00a9-\\\\-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pIqSnbpw {i\u2264m- ]q\u00bfhw AI-\u2202p-am-dp-Ibpw sN\u00f8Ww'' (PO 17). 6. cq]-Xm-ssh-Zn-Icpw Zmcn-{Zy-{h-Xhpw cq]-Xm-ssh-Zn-I\u00bf k\\\\ym-kn-I-f-\u221a. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 Ah\u00bf k\\\\y-kvX-cmb sshZn-I-sctbm, {_tZ- gvkn-s\\\\tbm, knt\u00c3-gvkn-s\\\\tbm t]mse, Zmcn{Zyw {hX-ambn kzoI-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202p-an-\u221a. Ah\u00bf Zmcn-{Zy-{h-X- \u00d8m\u00ac _\u2018n-X-c-\u221am-\u00d8-Xn-\\\\m\u00ac Ah\u00bf\u00b0v kz\u00a5-ambn k\u00bam-Zyhpw _m\u00b6v A\u00b0u\u2260pw Imdpw Hs\u00b0 D\u2260m-hp-I-bp-am-hmw. F\u2202m\u00ac F\u221am sshZn-I-sc-bpw-]-\u2030n-bp\u2248 c\u2260mw h\u00d8n-\u00b0m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kn-ens\u201a ]T\\\\w Ah\u00bf\u00b0pw _m[I- a- mW- v. \\\"\\\"]utcml- nX- y[- \u00bf\u2126hpw sshZnI- c- psS PohnX- hpw'' kw_\u2018- n\u00ae Un{In C\u00dfs\\\\ ]Tn-\u220fn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"kza-\\\\-\u00a0mse Zcn-{Z-Po-hnXw Bt\u00ab-jn-\u00b0p-I, AXmWv Ah-cpsS ssZh-hnfn'' (PO 17). Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac Un{In C\u00dfs\\\\ XpS-cp\u2202p: \\\"\\\"CXp-hgn {InkvXp-hn-t\\\\mSv Ah\u00bf IqSp-X\u00ac {]Xy- \u00a3-ambn A\\\\p-cq-]-cm-Ipw. hnip\u2264 ip{iq-jbv\u00b0v k\u2202-\u2264-cm-bn-\u00d8o-cp-Ibpw sN\u00f8pw. [\\\\-hm-\\\\m-bn-cn- s\u00b0, {InkvXp \\\\ap-\u00b0p-th\u2260n \\\\n\u00bf\u2264-\\\\-\\\\m-bn.- AXv Ahn-Sps\u00d8 Zmcn{Zyw hgn \\\\mw k\u00ba-\u2202-cm-Im-\\\\m- Wv. ssZh-\u00d8ns\u201a kuP-\\\\y-Zm\\\\w kuP-\\\\y-am-bn-\u00d8s\u2202 hnX-cWw sN\u00f8-W-sa\u2202v A\u220f-kvtXm-e-\u2211m\u00bf kzam-Xr-I-h-gn- km\u00a3yw \\\\evIn-bn-\u00b4p-\u2260v. kar-\u2264n-bnepw Zu\u00bfe-`y-\u00d8nepw F\u00dfs\\\\ h\u00bf\u00d8n-\u00b0-W-sa-\u2202- h\u00bf Adn-\u2122n-cp\u2202p. hkvXp-\u00b0-fpsS s]m-Xp-hmb D]-tbmKw BZn-a-k-`m-N-cn-{X-\u00d8n\u00ac \u00abmLn-\u00b0-s\u220f-\u00b4n- \u00b4p-\u2260v. B amXr-I-b-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev Nne-t\u220fm-sgms\u00b0 [\\\\-\u00d8ns\u201a s]m-Xp-hmb D]-tbmKw CS-b-\\\\-Sp\u00d8 D]hn hf\u00bf\u00d8m\u2265 hf-sc-tbsd D]-I-cn-\u00b0pw. Cu hn[-\u00d8nep\u2248 Pohn-Xw-hgn {InkvXp {]Io\u00bf\u00d8n\u00ae Zmcn-{Zy- 65","ssNX- \\\\yw kvXpXy\u00bfla- mbn {]tbmK- \u00d8- n\u00ac hcp\u00d8- m\u2265 sshZnI- \u00bf\u00b0v Ignb- p\u2202- X- mWv'' (PO 17). as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d-\u2122m\u00ac, Zmcn{Zyw {hX-am-bn-s\u00b4-Sp\u00d8 sshZn-Icpw Zmcn-{Zy-{h-X-sa-Sp-\u00b0m\u00d8 sshZn-Icpw ]p\u00ac\u00b0q-\u00b4n\u00ac P\\\\n\u00ae, a\\\\p-jy-]p-{X\\\\v Xe-Nm-bv\u00b0m-\\\\n-S-an\u221a F\u2202p ]d-\u2122, kzbw Zcn-{Z-\\\\m-bn-\u00d8o\u00bf\u2202 {InkvXp-hns\u201a Zmcn-{Zy-am-XrI A\\\\p-I-cn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 IS-s\u220f-\u00b4-h-cm-Wv. sshZn-I\u00bf Zcn-{Z-\\\\mb {InkvXp-hns\\\\ A\\\\p-I-cn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 IS-s\u220f-\u00b4-h-cm-sW\u2202v Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac ]Tn-\u220fn- \u00b0p-\u2202-tXm-sSm-\u220fw-X-s\u2202, Ah\u00bf \\\"\\\"\\\\ymb-amb {]Xn-^ew e`n-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 A\u00bfl-cmsW''\u2202pw XpS\u00bf\u2202v ]Tn- \u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202p\u2260v (PO 20). F\u2202m\u00ac, C\u00dfs\\\\ Ah\u00bf\u00b0v e`n-\u00b0p\u2202 {]Xn-^ew kpJ-tem-ep-]-X-bn\u00ac Pohn- \u00b0p-hm\u2265 th\u2260n-b\u221a Ah\u00bf\u00b0v \\\\evI-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202-Xv. Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac Un{In C\u00dfs\\\\ Hm\u00bf\u2126n-\u220fn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"am{X- a-\u221a, X\u00dfsf tkhn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\u00ac \\\\nc-X-cm-bn-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-h\u00bf\u00b0v {]Xn-^ew \\\\evIp-hm\u2265 sshZn-Isc {]m]vX- cm-\u00b0pI am{X-a-\u221a, Cu thX-\\\\w-sIm\u2260v ]mh-s\u220f-\u00b4-h\u00bf\u00b0v klm-b-\u00df\u0192 \\\\evIm\u2265IqSn ]cym-]vX-am-bn-cn- \u00b0Ww'' (PO 20). 7. Fd-Wm-Ip-fw-\u02dbA\u00b6-amen AXn-cq-]-X-bnse Nne sX\u2030n-\u2264m-c-W-I\u0192 Fd-Wm-Ip-fw-\u02db-A-\u00b6-amen AXn-cq-]-X-bn-\u00ac-s\u220f\u00b4, Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8n\u00ac _ncp-Z-ap-\u2248-hcpw A\u221am-\u00d8-h- cp-amb Nne sshZn-I-tcmSv ASp-\u00d8-Ime\u00d8v kwkm-cn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 km[n-\u00ae-Xn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw Ah-cpsS Nne sX\u2030n-\u2264m-c-W-Ifpw ]cn-tZ-h-\\\\-\u00dffpw AXp-aqew Ah\u00bf A\\\\p-`-hn-\u00b0p\u2202 thZ-\\\\bpw Ipsd-sbms\u00b0 a\\\\- \u00a0n-em-\u00b0m-\\\\m-bn. B A\u2044-Xbpw sX\u2030n-\u2264m-c-W-Ifpw Ipsd-sb-\u00b6nepw Ipd-bv\u00b0m-\\\\m-hp-sa-\u2202p\u2248 {]Xo- \u00a3-tbmsS A\u00df-s\\\\-bp\u2248 Nne Imcy-\u00df\u0192IqSn Cu teJ-\\\\-\u00d8ns\u201a `mK-am-\u00b0p-I-bm-Wv. H\u2202m-a-Xm-bn, Ah-cn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0nb Hcp Imcyw Ah-cpsS ImgvN-\u220fm-Sn\u00ac am\u00bf Icn-bn\u00ac ]nXm-hns\u201a cmPn \\\\n\u00bf_-\u2018n\u00aep hm\u00dfn-bXv \\\\nb-a-hn-cp-\u2264-amb \\\\S-]-Sn-bmWv; {]tXy-In\u00aepw Icn-bn\u00ac ]nXm-hns\u201a kn\u2122-\u00d8qc A\u220f-kvtXm-en-\u00b0-bnse A\u220fo\u00ac B ]c-tam-\u2202-X-tIm-S-Xn-bpsS -]-cn-K-W-\\\\- bn-em-bn-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 Ah-k-c-\u00d8n\u00ac. F\u2202m\u00ac, hkvXpX Xptemw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. am\u00bf Icn-bn\u00ac ]nXmhns\u201a kn\u2122-\u00d8q-c-bnse A\u220fo\u00ac X\u2248-s\u220f-\u00b4p-t]mbn. AXn-s\\\\-Xnsc Icn-bn\u00ac ]nXmhv kn\u2122- \u00d8qc A\u220f-kvtXm-en-\u00b0-bpsS D\u2202-X-k-an-Xn-bn-te\u00b0v h\u00ae A\u220fo\u00ac Ah\u00bf ^b-en\u00ac kzoI-cn-\u00aen-\u00b4p-an-\u221a. 1194-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-{]-Imcw Hcp {]iv\\\\w tImS-Xn-k-a\u00a3w F\u00d8n-b-Xmbn Icp-X-s\u220f-S-W-sa-\u00b6n\u00ac tImS- Xn-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v HutZym-KnI ka\u2265kv \\\\nb-a-{]-Imcw I\u00a3n-I\u0192\u00b0v Adn-bn-\u00b0s\u220f-S-Ww. A\u00dfs\\\\ kn\u2122- \u00d8qc A\u220f-kvtXm-en-\u00b0-bpsS ka\u00a3w F\u00d8nb Hcp tIkn\u00ac am{Xta \\\"\\\"hyh-lmcw \\\\S-\u2202p-sIm-\u2260n-cn- \u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192 ]pXn-b-sXm\u2202pw \\\\S-\u220fn-em-\u00b0-cpXv'' (lite pendente, nihil innovetur) F\u2202 \\\\nb-a-XXzw _m[- I-am-hp-I-bp-\u2248q. AXp-t]m-se-X-s\u2202, Icn-bn\u00ac ]nXm-hns\u201a ]cmXn kn\u2122-\u00d8qc A\u220f-kvtXm-en\u00b0 X\u2248n-b-Xns\u201a Imc-Wambn ]d-\u2122n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202Xv, am\u00bf]m\u220f t\\\\cn\u00b4v AwKo-I-cn\u00ae Hcp Imcy-\u00d8n\u00ac kn\u2122- \u00d8q-cbv\u00b0v CS-s]-Sm-\\\\m-hn\u221a F\u2202-Xm-Wv. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8-s\u2202, AtX tImS-Xn-bpsS Db\u00bf\u2202 s_\u00a9n- te\u00b0v ho\u2260pw ]cmXn \\\\evIn-b-Xp-sIm\u2260v D]-Im-c-sam\u2202pw D\u2260m-hp-I-bn-s\u221a-\u2202Xpw hy\u2021w. c\u2260m-as\u00d8 Hcp ]cn-tZ-h-\\\\w, am\u00bf B\u2265{Uqkv Xmg\u00d8v tZhm-e-b-hncn kw_-\u2018-ambn Fd-Wm-Ip- fw\u02db- A- \u00b6- a- men AXnc- q]- X- bv\u00b0v sImS- p\u00d8 \\\"Unkvs]\u2265tkj- \u2265' BWv. Xmg\u00d8- p]- nX- mh- ns\u201a 2022 sk]v\u2030w- _\u00bf 30-\u02dbmw Xob-Xn-bnse k\u00bf\u00b0p-e-dn\u00ac FdW-m-Ip-fw-\u02dbA\u00b6-amen AXn-cq-]-Xsb tZhm-e-b-hncn D]- tbm-Kn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v Hgn-hm-\u00b0n-b-Xmbn ]d-bp-\u2202p-\u2260v. CXv cq]X apgp-h\\\\pw s]m-Xp-hmbn ka-b-_- \u2018n-b-\u221amsX \\\\evInb Unkvs] \u2265tk-j-\\\\mbn Nne\u00bf hymJym-\\\\n-\u00b0p-Ibpw, AXp-X-s\u2202-bm-bn-cp\u2202p hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bpsS 50:50 _en-b\u00bf\u220f-W-co-Xn-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v Unkvs]\u2265tk-j\u2265 \\\\evIn-s\u00b0m\u2260v Icn- bn\u00ac ]nXmhv sNbvX- s- X\u2202pw, AXn\\\\v Icnb- n\u00ac ]nXmh- ns\\\\ in\u00a3n\u00ae- t- \u220fm\u0192 Xmg\u00d8- p]- nX- mh- ns\\\\ in\u00a3n- \u00b0p-\u2202n\u221a F\u2202pw t]mIp\u2202p B ]cn-tZ-h-\\\\w. F\u2202m\u00ac tZhm-e-b-hn-cnsb kw_-\u2018n-\u00aep\u2248 kn\\\\-Uns\u201a Xocp-am\\\\w XIvk-bn\u00ac {]n\u201a v sNbvXn-\u00b4p\u2260v. AXn-\u00df-s\\\\-bmWv: \\\"\\\"BtLm-j-]q\u00bfh-I-amb Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\- bnepw km[m-cW Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bnepw hncn D]-tbm-Kn-\u00b0-Wtam F\u2202v Xocp-am-\\\\n-t\u00b0-\u2260Xv cq]-Xm-\u2264y-\u00a3- \\\\m-Wv.'' (ko-tdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-{I-as\u00d8 kw_-\u2018n-\u00b0p\u2202 s]m-Xp-\\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-i-\u00df\u0192, 5). AXn-\\\\m\u00ac tZhme-b-hncn kw_-\u2018n-bmbn Xmg\u00d8v ]nXmhv \\\\evInb \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1iw s]m-Xp-\\\\n-b-am-\\\\p-k-c- W-\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202p\u2248 Hgnhv (dispensation) A\u221a, {]XypX At\u00b1-l-\u00d8n\\\\v Xocp-am-\\\\n-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\mbn s]m-Xp- \\\\n-baw hn\u00b4p-sIm-Sp\u00d8 Hcp hnj-b-\u00d8nse At\u00b1-l-\u00d8ns\u201a Xocp-am-\\\\-am-Wv. sX\u2030n\u2264m-cW ]c-\u00d8p\u2202 as\u2030mcp Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-hym-Jym\\\\w Fd-Wm-Ipfw hna-X-cpsS `mK\u00d8p \\\\n\u2202p- \u2260m-bXv Unkvs]\u2265tk-j\u2265 Hcp B\\\\p-Iq-ey-am-sW\u2202pw AXn-\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 1532-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\bpsS H\u2202mw JWvUn-I-bnse \\\"\\\"B\\\\p-Iqeyw imiz-X-am-b-Xmbn Icp-X-s\u220f-Sp\u2202p'' F\u2202 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8ns\u201a ASn- \u00ffm-\\\\-\u00d8n\u00ac Icn-bn\u00ac ]nXmhv Fd-Wm-Ip-fw-\u02db-A-\u00b6-amen AXn-cq-]-Xbv\u00b0v \\\\evInb Unkvs]\u2265tk- j\u2265 C\\\\n B\u00bf\u00b0pw FSp-\u00d8p-am-\u2030m-\\\\m-hn\u221a F\u2202-Xp-am-Wv. B\\\\p-Iq-ey-\u00dffpw (privileges) Hgn-hm- \u00b0-ep-Ifpw (dispensations) knwlmk-\\\\- I-ev]-\\\\-I\u0192 (rescripts) F\u2202 D]-hn-`m-K-\u00d8ns\u201a Iogn\u00ac hcp- \u2202, ss\\\\bm-an-I-ambn Xptemw hyXy-kvX-amb Imcy-\u00df-fm-sW\u2202v ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\ \\\\nb-a-kw-lnX Aev]w {i\u2264n\u00aephmbn-\u00b0p\u2202 B\u00bf\u00b0pw a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-Ipw. c\u2260pw `c-W-]-c-amb \\\\S-]-Sn-I-fmWv (admin- istrative acts). F\u2202m\u00ac c\u2260pw H\u2202-\u221a. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac B\\\\p-Iq-ey-\u00df-sf-\u220f-\u2030n-bp\u2248 \\\\nb-a-hy-h-\u00ff-I\u0192 Unkvs]\u2265tk-js\u201a Imcy-\u00d8n\u00ac D]-tbm-Kn-\u00b0m-\\\\m-hn-\u221a. A\u00df-s\\\\-bp\u2248 hymJym-\\\\-\u00df\u0192 Zpcp-]-tZ-i-]- chpw \\\\nb-a-]-c-ambn \\\\ne-\\\\n-ev\u00b0m-\u00d8-Xp-am-Wv. 66","Icnb- n\u00ac ]nXmhv Hgnhv F\u2202 hymtP\\\\ ]pds- \u220fS- ph- n\u00aeXv Hcp Iev]\\\\- b- mW- v. Unkvs]\u2265tkj- \u2265 rescript F\u2202 hn`mK- \u00d8- n\u00ac hcp\u2202 Hcp `cW- ]- c- a- mb \\\\S]- S- nb- mW- v. `cW- ]- c- a- mb \\\\S]- S- nI- sf aq\u2202m- bmWv Im\\\\\u2265\\\\nb- aw XcwX- nc- n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- v: Ah Un{In (decree), hy\u2021nK- X- {- ]a- mW- \u00df- \u0192 AYhm Iev]\\\\- I- \u0192 (precept), knwlmk- \\\\- I- e- v]\\\\- I- \u0192 (rescript) F\u2202nh- b- mW- v. AXn\u00ac Unkvs]\u2265tkj- \u2265 Hcp Iev]\\\\- b- \u221a; Iev]\\\\- b- mbn sImS- p\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw Bhn\u221a- . \\\\nba- m\\\\- pk- c- W- \u00d8- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202- p\u2248 Hgnhv B \\\\nbaw A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 _p\u2264na- p\u00b4- p\u2248 B\u0192\u00b0v B _p\u2264na- p\u00b4v \\\\o\u2260p\\\\- ne- v\u00b0p\u2202- nS- t- \u00d8mf- wI- mew am{Xw D]t- bmK- n\u00b0- m\\\\- mbn \\\\evIs- \u220fS- p\u2202- X- mW- v. AXn\\\\- p]- I- c- w, \\\\nbaw A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 km[n\u00b0- p\u2202- , \\\\nbaw A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 X\u00f8md- p\u2248- h- \u00bf D\u2202X- m[- nI- mc- nb- psS \\\\nbaw A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 ]mSns\u221a\u2202pw FdW- m- Ipf- w\u02db- A- \u00b6- a- men AXnc- q]- X- b- n\u00ac Bcpw kn\\\\Uv Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ A\u00bf\u220fn\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 ]mSns\u221a\u2202pa- p\u2248 Icnb- n\u00ac ]nXmh- ns\u201a k\u00bf\u00b0pe- d- nse Iev]\\\\ \\\\nba- e- wL- \\\\- \u00d8- ns\u201a Kuchw Iq\u00b4n. IqSmsX Icnb- n\u00ac ]nXmh- ns\u201a k\u00bf\u00b0pe- \u00bf ]cni- p\u2264 knwlmk- \\\\- \u00d8- ns\u201a tcJma- qew \\\\evInb \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1- i-\u00d8ns\u201a \\\\\u00b7-ew-L-\\\\-hp-am-bn-cp-\u2202p. 2021 \\\\hw-_\u00bf 26-\u02dbmw XobXn I\u00bf\u00b1n-\\\\m\u0192 km{\u00b5n Icn-bn\u00ac ]nXm- hn\\\\v sIm-Sp\u00d8 I\u00d8n\u00ac (Prot. N. 463\/2002) c\u2260m-as\u00d8 JWvUn-I-bn\u00ac hy\u2021-ambn ]d-bp-\u2202p\u2260v 2020 \\\\hw-_\u00bf 9\u02dbmw XobXn ]uckvXy Imcym-e-b-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fn\\\\v \\\\evInb 248\/2004 \\\\\u00ba\u00bf {]Im-c-ap\u2248 I\u00d8nse \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-i-\u00df\u0192 ]men-\u00aep-sIm-\u2260p- thWw Unkvs]\u2265tk-j\u2265 \\\\evIp-hm-s\\\\-\u2202v. Cu I\u00d8n\u00ac C\u00df-s\\\\-bmWv ]d-\u2122n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202Xv: \\\"\\\"There- fore, Bishops should have recourse of dispensations only for well-defined times and for specific reasons''. 1538\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS H\u2202mw JWvUn-I-bn\u00ac ]d-\u2122n-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 \\\"\\\"a special case'' F\u2202- Xns\u201a hni-Zo-I-c-W-am-bn-\u00b4mWv \\\"\\\"IrXy-amb Ime-L-\u00b4-\u00d8n-te\u00b0pw hy\u2021-amb Imc-W-\u00df\u0192 D\u2248-t\u220fmgpw'' am{Xta Unkvs]\u2265tk-j\u2265 ]mSp\u2248q F\u2202v ]uc-kvXy-Im-cym-ebw hy\u2021-am-\u00b0n-b-Xv. h\u00d8n-\u00b0ms\u201a \\\\nbaw HutZym-Kn-I-ambn hymJym-\\\\n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\p\u2248 Imcym-e-b-amWv Dicastery for Legislative Texts. B Imcym-ebw hymJym-\\\\n-\u00aep-I-gn-\u2122m\u00ac AXv \\\\nb-aw-X-s\u2202-bm-Wv. AXn\\\\v apI- fn\u00ac A\u220fo-en-\u221a. F\u2202m\u00ac `c-W-]-c-amb Imcy-\u00df\u0192\u00b0mbn a\u2030v Imcym-e-b-\u00dffpw am\u00bf]m-\u220f-bpsS \\\\nb-a- \u00d8ns\u201a A\u00bf\u221ek- w_- \u2018- a- mbn Xocpa- m\\\\- \u00df- fpw D\u00d8c- h- pI- fpw ]pds- \u220fS- ph- n\u00b0- pt- \u00bam\u0192 Ahbpw {]kvXpX Imcy-hp-ambn _\u2018-s\u220f\u00b4 A[o-\\\\\u00bf A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 IS-s\u220f-\u00b4-h-cm-Wv. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 ]uc-kvXy- Imc- yme- b- \u00d8- ns\u201a 2020 \\\\hw_- \u00bf 9\u02dbmw XobX- nb- nse I\u00d8nse Unkvs]\u2265tkj- \u2265 kw_\u2018- n\u00ae hy\u2021X hcp-\u00d8\u00ac kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`sb kw_-\u2018n-\u00aen-S-t\u00d8mfw km[phpw \\\\nb-a-]-c-hp-am-Wv. AXv `c-W- ]-c-amb A[n-Imcw (executive power) am\u00bf]m-\u220f-bpsS \\\\ma-\u00d8n\u00ac ssIImcyw sN\u00f8p\u2202 ]uckvXyImcymeb-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202p-\u2248-Xm-b-Xn-\\\\m\u00ac ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-kw-ln-X-bnse Ccp-]-\u00d8n- c\u2260mw io\u00bfj-I-\u00d8n\u00ac hni-Zo-I-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 \\\"\\\"`c-W-]-c-amb Iev]-\\\\-I\u0192s\u00b0-Xn-sc-bp\u2248 At]\u00a3'' bnse Imt\\\\m-\\\\-I\u0192{]Imcw tNmZyw sN\u00f8m-hp-\u2202-Xm-sW-\u2202p-am-{Xw. F\u2202m\u00ac, A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00aep-sIm-\u2260p-thWw C\u00df-s\\\\-bp\u2248 Iev]-\\\\-Isf tNmZyw sN\u00f8p-hm\u2265. ]uc-kvXy-Im-cym-e-b-\u00d8ns\u201a Cu \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-i-\u00d8n-s\\\\- Xnsc \\\"\\\"kn\u2122-\u00d8qc A\u220f-kvtXm-en\u00b0''sb kao-]n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\p-ap-\u00bambn 999-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-b-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev ]uc-kvXy-Im-cym-e-b-s\u00d8-\u00d8s\u2202 Iev]\\\\ ]pd-s\u220f-Sp-hn-\u00ae-X-dn-\u2122 -\\\\m\u0192apX\u00ac ]\u00d8p-Zn-h-k-\u00d8n-\\\\p-\u2248n\u00ac kao-]n-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xm-bn-cp-\u2202p. ]uc-kvXy-Im-cym-e-b-\u00d8ns\u201a 2020 \\\\hw-_\u00bf 9\u02dbmw Xob-Xn-bnse Unkvs]\u2265tk-j\u2265 kw_-\u2018n-bmb Xocp-am\\\\w {^m\u2265knkv am\u00bf]m\u220f in forma specifica AwKo-I-cn-\u00b0m-\u00d8-Xp-sIm\u2260v AXv Akm-[p-hmWv F\u2202mWv as\u2030mcp hmZw. F\u2202m\u00ac, am\u00bf]m-\u220f-bpsS Hcp s]m-Xp-\\\\n-b-a-\u00d8n\\\\v hncp-\u2264-ambn h\u00d8n-\u00b0m\u2265 Imcym-ebw GsX-\u00b6nepw {]tXyI \\\\nbaw D\u2260m-\u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192 am{Xta \\\"in forma specifica'' AwKo-Imcw am\u00bf]m-\u220f-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v hmt\u00df-\u2260-Xp-\u2248q. 1538-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS H\u2202mw JWvUn-I-bn\u00ac ]d-\u2122n-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 ''in casu speciali'' bpsS A\u00bf\u221e-sa-s\u00a5\u2202v Ak-\u2202n-Kv\u2264-ambn hy\u2021-am-\u00b0pI am{Xta C\u00b0m-cy-\u00d8n\u00ac ]uc-kvXy-Im-cym-ebw hy\u2021-am-\u00b0n-bn-\u00b4p-\u2248q. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8-s\u2202, Im\\\\\u2265\\\\n-b-a-a-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev am\u00bf]m-\u220f-bpsS {]tXyI AwKo-Imcw Bh-iy-hp-an-\u221a. GXm-bmepw Icn-bn\u00ac ]nXmhv ]cn-ip\u2264 knwlm-k-\\\\-\u00d8ns\u201a tcJm-aq-e-amb \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-i-\u00d8n\\\\v hncp- \u2264-ambn Iev]\\\\ ]pd-s\u220f-Sp-hn-\u00b0pI am{X-a-\u221a, {]Xyp-X, sX\u2030v Xncp-\u00d8p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 ]cn-ip\u2264 knwlm-k-\\\\- \u00d8ns\u201a Bh\u00bf\u00d8n-\u00aep\u2248 \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-i-\u00df\u0192 A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0m-Xn-cn-\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXp. B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv Xmg\u00d8v ]nXmhv A\u00dfs\\\\ CXp-hsc A\\\\p-k-c-W-t\u00b0Sv ImWn-\u00aen-\u00b4n-\u221a. 8. AXn-cq-]Xm kwc-\u00a3-W-k-an-Xnbpw am\u00bft\u00d8m\u2126m \\\\{km-Wn-kw-Lhpw FdW- mI- pf- w\u02db- A- \u00b6- a- men AXnc- q]- X- b- nse {]iv\\\\\u00df- f- n\u00ac hncp\u2264 tNcnI- f- n\u00ac {]h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0- p\u2202 kwL- S-\\\\-I\u0192 ]e-XmWv. Ah-bn\u00ac Nne-XmWv AXn-cq-]Xm kwc-\u00a3-W-k-an-Xn, am\u00bft\u00d8m\u2126m \\\\{km-Wn- kwLw (MTNS), AXn-cq-]Xm kpXm-cy-k-anXn F\u2202n-h. ]uc-kvXy-Im-t\\\\m\\\\ kwln-X-bnse H\u2202mw io\u00bfj-I-amb \\\"\\\"hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-\u00dffpw IS-abpw'' hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-S-\\\\m-kzm-X-{\u00a5ys\u00d8 18-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bn\u00ac AwKo-I-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202p\u2260v: \\\"\\\"D]-hnbpw `\u2021nbpw e\u00a3y-am-\u00b0n-tbm, temI-\u00d8n\u00ac {InkvXob ssZh-hnfn t{]m\u2019m-ln-\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\m-bn-t\u00b4m, kwL-S-\\\\-I\u0192 \u00ffm]n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\\\\pw \\\\S-\u00d8p- \u2202-Xn\\\\pw AXp-t]m-se-Xs\u2202 e\u00a3y-{]m-]vXn-\u00b0mbn Hcp-an\u00aev {]h\u00bf\u00d8n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\p-ambn kt\u2126-f-\\\\- \u00df\u0192 IqSp-\u2202-Xn\\\\pw ss{IkvX-hhn-izm-kn\u00b0v kzmX-{\u00a5y-ap\u2260v'' (CCEO c. 18). F\u2202m\u00ac Hcp kwL-S- 67","\\\\bv\u00b0v \\\"\\\"It\u00d8m-en\u00b0'' F\u2202 t]cn\\\\v A\u00bfl-X-bp-\u2260m-Ip-hm\u2265 \\\"\\\"X\u00b0 A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS k\u2126Xw'' thW- sa\u2202v 19-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ XpS\u00bf\u2202v hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p-\u2202p. \\\"\\\"ss{IkvX-h-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS kwL-S-\\\\-I\u0192'' F\u2202 t]cn-ep\u2248 13-\u02dbmw io\u00bfj-I-\u00d8n\u00ac ]uc-kvXy-Im-t\\\\m\\\\kwln-X, C\u00df-s\\\\-bp\u2248 kwL-S-\\\\-I-sf-\u220f-\u2030n-bp\u2248 hni-Z-amb \\\\nb-a-\u00df\u0192 D\u0192s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8n-bn-\u00b4p-\u2260v. Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\IfpsS shfn-\u00ae-\u00d8n\u00ac A]-{K-Yn-\u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192, apI-fn\u00ac ]d\u2122 kwL-S\\\\-I-fn-sem-\u2202p-t]mepw \\\"\\\"cq]-Xm-kw-L-S\\\\''IfpsS hn`m-K-\u00d8n-tem, \\\"\\\"It\u00d8m- en\u00b0'' kwL-S-\\\\-I-fpsS hn`m-K-\u00d8ntem s]Sp-\u00d8p-hm\u2265 Ign-bp-\u2202-Xs\u221a\u2202v ImWm-hp-\u2202-Xm-Wv. 9. \\\\nb-a-kzo-I-c-Whpw \\\\nb-a-{]m-_-eyhpw B\u00bf\u00b0p-th\u2260n Hcp \\\\nbaw D\u2260m-\u00b0n-bn-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202p-thm, Ah\u00bf B \\\\nbaw kzoI-cn\u00aev, AwKo-I-cn\u00aev, AX\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev Pohn-\u00aem\u00ac am{Xta B \\\\nbaw {]m_-ey-\u00d8n-em-b-Xmbn IW-\u00b0m-\u00b0m\u2265 km[n-\u00b0p-I- bp\u2248q Fs\u2202mcp hmZw Nne \\\\nb-a-\u2044\u00bf apt\u2202m\u00b4phbv\u00b0p-\u2202p-\u2260v. a\u2264y-i-X-I-\u00df-fnse G\u2030hpw {]i- kvX-\\\\mb Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-]-WvUn-X-cnsem-cm-fmb t{Kjy\\\\pw Cu hmZw Ah-X-cn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202p-\u2260v. CtX Bi-bw-Xs\u2202 Gilles Routhier F\u2202 {K\u0178-Im-c\u2265 Xs\u201a La reception d'un concile (Paris, 1993) F\u2202 ]pkvX-I-\u00d8nepw Ah-X-cn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202p-\u2260v. \\\"\\\"GIo-IrX Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-b\u00bf\u220fW k\u00bf\u00b0p-edpw Fd-Wm- Ip-fw-\u02db-A-\u00b6amen AXn-cq-]-Xbpw'' F\u2202 Xe-s\u00b0-\u00b4n\u00ac 2022 HIvtSm-_\u00bf 7\u02dbmw XobXn Fd-Wm-Ip-fw-\u02dbA- \u00b6-amen AXn-cq-]-X-bnse sshZn-I-k-an-Xn-\u00b0p-th\u2260n sk_m-\u00c3y\u2265 Xfn-b-\\\\-\u00ae\\\\pw s^m-tdm\\\\m hnIm- cn-am\u00bf\u00b0p-th\u2260n tPmkv CS-t\u00bb-cn-b-\u00ae\\\\pw H\u220fn\u00b4v {]kn-\u2264o-I-cn\u00ae I\u00d8n\u00ac Cu hmZ-ap-\u2202-bn-\u00aep-sIm\u2260v t{Kjys\u201a {K\u0178\u00d8- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw C\u00dfs\\\\ D\u2264c- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"\\\\nba- \u00df- \u0192 {]m_e- y\u00d8- ne- mI- p\u2202- Xv AXv {]Jym- ]n-\u00b0-s\u220f-Sp-t\u00bam-gm-Wv. ]t\u00a3 Ah i\u2021n-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202Xv A\\\\p-h\u00bf\u00d8n-t\u00b0-\u2260-h\u00bf \\\\nb-as\u00d8 AwKo-I-cn-\u00b0p- t\u00bam-gmWv. Nne-t\u220fm\u0192 \\\\nbaw A\\\\p-h\u00bf\u00d8n-t\u00b0-\u2260-h\u00bf\u00b0v AXv D]-Im-c-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202n-s\u221a\u2202p I\u2260m\u00ac B \\\\nb-as\u00d8 d\u00b1m-\u00b0m-dp-ap-\u2260v. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac A\\\\p-h\u00bf\u00d8n-t\u00b0-\u2260-h-cpsS D]-tbm-Kw-h-gn-bmWv \\\\nbaw \u00ffnco- I-cn-\u00b0-s\u220f-tS-\u2260-Xv.'' C\u00d8-cp-W-\u00d8n\u00ac {]k-\u2021-amb Hcp Imcyw kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-b\u00bf\u220fWw kw_-\u2018n\u00ae 50:50 \\\\nbaw, kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bnse 35 cq]-X-I-fn\u00ac 34 cq]-X- Ifpw AwKo-I-cn\u00aev \\\\nb-as\u00d8 i\u2021n-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8n-\u00b0-gn\u2122psh\u2202-Xm-Wv. Fd-Wm-Ip-fw-\u02db-A-\u00b6-amen AXn- cq-]-X-bn-\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 Cu \\\\nbaw kzoI-cn\u00aev \\\\S-\u220fn-em-\u00b0n-b- \u00ff-e-\u00df-fp-\u2260v. C\u00a5ym-cm-Py-\u00d8n-ep-S-\\\\ofw `mc-X-\u00d8ns\u201a {Xnh\u00bf\u00c6 ]XmI \\\\\u2126psS tZio-b-]-Xm-I-bmbn AwKo-I-cn\u00aep Ign-\u2122-XmWv; Imivao- cnse Nne hnL-S-\\\\-hm-Zn-IfpsS CSbn-sem-gn-\u00aev. B hnL-S-\\\\-hm-Zn-I\u0192 AwKo-I-cn-\u00b0m-\u00d8-Xp-sIm\u2260v `mc-X-\u00d8ns\u201a tZio-b-]-Xm-I-bpsS \u00ffm\\\\-\u00d8p-\\\\n\u2202v {Xnh\u00bf\u00c6 ]Xm-Isb \\\\o\u00b0w sNt\u00f8\u2260 Bh-iy-an- \u221a. CXp-t]m-se-X-s\u2202-bmWv \\\\nb-a-kzo-I-c-Ws\u00d8 kw_-\u2018n\u00aev Fd-Wm-Ip-fw-\u02db-A-\u00b6-amen AXn-cq-]-X- bn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202p\u2248 Cu hmZ-K-Xn-bpsS Imcy-\u00d8n-epw. C\u00a5y-bpsS {Xnh\u00bf\u00c6-]-XmI C\u00a5y-bpsS sFIy-\u00d8ns\u201a AS-bm-f-am-Wv. P\u2126p-\u02dbIm-jvao\u00bf bYm\u00bf\u221e- \u00d8n\u00ac C\u00a5y-bpsS Hcp kw\u00ffm-\\\\-ambn amdn-bXv B kw\u00ffm-\\\\-\u00d8ns\u201a {]tXyI sImSn C\u221am-Xm-\u00b0n- b-t\u220fm-gm-Wv. AXp-t]m-se, k`-bn\u00ac hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ sFIy-\u00d8ns\u201a IqZm-i-bm-Wv. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-b\u00bf\u220f- W-\u00d8n-ep\u2248 sFIyw D\u2260m-Ip-\u2202-Xp-hsc kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bn\u00ac sFIy-ap-\u2260m-hp-I-bn-\u221a. kotdm-\u02db- a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bnse ap\u220f-\u00d8\u00a9v cq]-X-I-fn\u00ac ap\u220f-\u00d8n-\\\\m-enepw \\\\S-\u220fn-em-\u00b0nb Bcm-[-\\\\-{I-a-kw-_-\u2018n- bmb \\\\nbaw \\\\S-\u220fn\u00ac hcp-\u00d8m\u00d8 Fd-Wm-Ip-fw-\u02db-A-\u00b6-amen AXn-cq-]-X, kotdm\u02dba-e-_m\u00bf k`-bn\u00ac Hcp Xpcp-\u00d8mbn Ah-ti-jn\u00b0pw; P\u2126p-\u02db-Im-jvao\u00bf C\u00a5y-bn\u00ac Hcp Xpcp-\u00d8m-bn-cp-\u2202-Xp-t]mse; ]\u2260v sslZ-cm-_mZv cmPyw C\u00a5y-\u00b0p-\u2248nse Hcp Xpcp-\u00d8m-bn-cp-\u2202-Xp-t]m-se. 10. sshZn-I-cpsS Kuc-h-X-c-amb Ip\u2030-\u00dffpw sshZn-I-Im-cym-e-b-\u00d8ns\u201a in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn- Ifpw 2009 G{]n\u00ac 18-\u02dbmw XobXn s_\\\\-UnIvSv 16-\u02dbm-a\u2265 am\u00bf]m\u220f h\u00d8n-\u00b0m-\\\\nse sshZn-I-Im-cym-e-b- \u00d8n\\\\v (Congregation for Clergy) aq\u2202v {]tXyI A[n-Im-c-\u00df\u0192 (Faculties) sshZn-Isc in\u00a3n-\u00b0p- \u2202-Xns\u201a \\\\S-]-Sn-{I-a-kw-_-\u2018n-bmbn \\\\evIp-I-bp-\u2260mbn (Prot. N. 2009-0556). CXnse c\u2260m-as\u00d8 A[n-Imcw (Faculty II) Kuc-h-amb Ip\u2030w sN\u00f8p\u2202 sshZn-Isc sshZn-Im-\u00a5-\u00a0n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v \\\\o\u00b0w sN\u00f8p- \u2202Xv kw_-\u2018-am-bp-\u2248-Xm-Wv. s]m-Xpsh ]d-\u2122m\u00ac ]uckvXyk`-I-fnse sshZn-Isc kw_-\u2018n- \u00aep\u2248 in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-Isf kw_-\u2018n-\u00aep\u2248 Imcy-\u00df\u0192 ]cn-ip\u2264 knwlm-k-\\\\-\u00d8n\u00ac ]uc-kvXy-Im-cym- ebamWv ssIImcyw sN\u00f8p-\u2202-Xv. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 2009 G{]n\u00ac 18-\u02dbmw XobXn bnse ap-I-fn\u00ac ]d\u2122 D\u00d8-chv ]uc-kvXysc _m[n-\u00b0n-s\u221a-\u2202m-bn-cp\u2202p s]m-Xpsh ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265\\\\n-b-a-]-WvUn- X-\u2211m\u00bf Icp-Xn-bn-cp-\u2202-Xv. F\u2202m\u00ac 2019 Unkw-_\u00bf 17-\u02dbmw Xob-Xn-bnse Hcp hn[n-bn-eqsS (Prot. N. 2019 1450\/F) sshZn-I-Im-cym-ebw kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`mw-K-amb Hcp sshZn-Is\\\\ sshZn-Im-\u00a5- \u00a0n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v Unkvan\u00a0v sNbvX-t\u220fm\u0192 F\u221am-h\u00bf\u00b0pw hy\u2021-amb Hcp Imcyw am\u00bf]m\u220f sshZnI Imcym- e-b-\u00d8n\\\\v \\\\\u00acInb Cu {]tXy-Im-[n-Im-c-ap-]-tbm-Kn-\u00aep-sIm\u2260v GXv It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-ssh-Zn-I-s\\\\bpw Abm-fpsS Fgp-\u00d8m-se-bp\u2248 hmZw (written defense) tI\u00b4-tijw Ip\u2030-\u00b0m-c-\\\\m-sW\u2202v sXfn-\u2122m\u00ac, sshZn-Im-\u00a5-\u00a0n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw \\\\o\u00b0w sN\u00f8m\u2265 (dismissal from clerical state) {]kvXpX Imcym-e-b-\u00d8n\\\\v km[n-\u00b0p-sa-\u2202-Xm-Wv. A\u00df-s\\\\-bp\u2248 Hcp hn[n-s\u00b0-Xnsc bmsXmcp A\u220fo-en\\\\pw Ah-k-c-ap-\u2260m-bn-cn- \u00b0p-\u2202-X-\u221a. 68","km[p-hmb sshZn-I-]\u00b4w kzoI-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 Hcm\u0192 F\u221am-\u00b0m-ehpw sshZn-I-\\\\m-bn-cn\u00b0pw (ontological priesthood). F\u2202m\u00ac GXv sshZn-I-s\u201abpw sshZn-Im-\u00a5\u00a0v (clerical state) ]e coXn-bn\u00ac \\\\jvS-s\u220f- Smw. AXn\u00ac Hcp coXn-bmWv sshZn-Im-\u00a5-\u00a0n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw Unkvan\u00a0v sN\u00f8pI F\u2202 Imt\\\\m-\\\\nI in\u00a3m- \\\\-S-]-Sn. ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwln-X-bn\u00ac CXn\\\\v deposition F\u2202mWv ]d-bp-I (CCEO c. 1433, \u00a72). kmam-\\\\y-K-Xn-bn\u00ac Cu in\u00a3 \\\\evIp-hm\u2265 cq]-Xm-t\u00b0m-S-Xn-bnse Hcp aq\u2202w-K-s_-\u00a9n\\\\v am{Xta km[n-\u00b0q. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8-s\u2202, in\u00a3m\u00bfl-s\\\\\u2202v hn[n-\u00b0-s\u220f\u00b4 hy\u2021n\u00b0v Db\u00bf\u2202 tImS-Xn-bn\u00ac A\u220fo- en\\\\- p\u2248 Ahk- c- h- pap\u2260- v. AXpa- m{- Xa- \u221a- , cq]X- mt- \u00b0mS- X- nb- n\u00ac X\\\\ns- \u00b0Xnsc Hcp ]o\\\\\u00actIkv ^b\u00ac sN\u00f8-s\u220f-\u00b4m\u00ac, B sshZn-I\u2265 knhn\u0192 tImS-Xn-bn\u00ac Hcp Ihn-b\u2030v (caveat) ^b\u00ac sN\u00f8p-hmt\\\\m kZr- ia- mb a\u2030v CSs- ]S- e- ne- qsS cq]X- mt- \u00b0mS- X- nb- psS {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- \u00df- \u0192\u00b0v XS\u00a0w krjvSn\u00b0p hmt\\\\m km\u2264y- X-bp-\u2260v. Cu kml-N-cy-\u00d8n-emWv 2009-\u02db\u00ac s_\\\\-UnIvSv am\u00bf]m\u220f \\\\S-\u220fn\u00ac hcp-\u00d8nb apI-fn\u00ac kqNn- \u220fn\u00ae {]tXyI \\\\nb-a-\u00d8ns\u201a {]k-\u2021n. GXv cq]-Xm-\u2264y-\u00a3\\\\pw AXp-t]m-se-Xs\u2202, k\\\\ym-k-ssh-Zn- Isc kw_-\u2018n-\u00aen-S-t\u00d8mfw Ah-cpsS P\\\\-dm-f-\u00ae-\u2211m\u00bf\u00b0pw, X\u00df-fpsS Iogn-ep\u2248 GXv sshZn-I-t\\\\bpw, Ah\u00bf Kuc-h-X-c-amb sX\u2030v sNbvXn-\u00b4p-s\u2260-\u00b6n\u00ac, sshZn-I-Im-cym-e-b-\u00d8ns\u201a hn[n-\u00b0mbn hn\u00b4p-sIm-Sp- \u00b0m\u2265 km[n-\u00b0pw. 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Ah\u00bf cq]-Xm-ssh-Zn-I-cm-sW-\u00b6nepw k\\\\ym-k-ssh-Zn-I-cm-sW-\u00b6n-epw. am\u00bf]m-\u220f-sbbpw ]cn-ip\u2264 knwlm-k-\\\\-s\u00d8bpw kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf kn\\\\-Un-s\\\\bpw kz\u00a5w cq]-Xm-\u2264y-\u00a3-s\\\\bpw [n\u00b0-cn-\u00aep-sIm\u2260v A\\\\p-k-c-W-t\u00b0-Sm-Ip\u2202 Zp\u00bfam-XrI ImWn-\u00aep-sIm-\u2260p\u2248 {]h\u00bf\u00d8-\\\\-ssien Hcp It\u00d8m-en\u00b0msshZn- I\\\\pw `qj-W-a-\u221a \u02db Abm\u0192 Fd-Wm-Ip-fw-\u02db-A-\u00b6-amen AXn-cq-]-Xmw-K-tam, ^co-Zm-_mZv cq]-Xmw-K-tam, N\u00df-\\\\m-t\u00bbcn AXncq]-Xmw-K-tam, ]mem cq]-Xmw-Ktam, at\u2030Xv cq]-Xmw-Ktam Bbm\u00act\u220fm-epw. kz\u00a5w t_m\u2264y-\u00df\u0192 k`m-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-i-\u00df\u0192\u00b0-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev, k`-bpsS \\\\nb-a-\u00df\u0192\u00b0-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev cq]- s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8p-hm\u2265 Hmtcm sshZn-I\\\\pw IS-a-bp-\u2260v. Hcp sshZn-I\\\\pw kn\\\\-Un\\\\v apI-fn-e-\u221a. kotdm\u02dbae- _m\u00bf kn\\\\Uv hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p\u2202 sshZn-I\\\\v \\\\evInb kzmX{\u00a5yamWv sF\u203an-I- (op- tion) ambn\u00b4v XIvkb- n\u00ac ASb- mf- s- \u220fS- p\u00d8- nb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- v. AXp]- t- bmK- n\u00b0- pI- tbm th\u2260ms- b\u2202v hbv\u00b0p- Itbm sN\u00f8m-\\\\p\u2248 kzmX{\u00a5yw _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p\u2202 ]ptcm-ln-X-\\\\ps\u2260\u2202v 2020 \\\\hw-_\u00bf 9\u02dbmw XobXnbnse ]uc-kvXy-Im-cym-e-b-\u00d8ns\u201a I\u00d8n\u00ac (Prot. N. 463\/2002) hy\u2021-am-\u00b0n-bn-\u00b4p-\u2248-Xp-am- Wv. F\u2202n-cp-\u2202mepw Xs\u201a CS-h-I-bn\u00ac, kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf kn\\\\Uv \\\\\u00acIn-bn-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 kzmX{\u00a5yw Rm\u2265 d\u00b1v sNbvXn-cn-\u00b0p\u2202p F\u2202v ]d-\u2122p-sIm-\u2260p\u2248 Xo\u00b4qcw Cd-\u00b0n-bn-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 Nne hnImcn-am-scbpw ]e cq]-X-I-fnepw Npcp-\u00b0-am-bm-sW-\u00b6nepw ImWp-\u2202p-\u2260v. D\u2202-Xm-[n-Im-cn-bpsS AXm-b-Xv, kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf kn\\\\-Uns\u201a, Xocp-am-\\\\-\u00d8n\\\\v hncp-\u2264-amb C\u00df-s\\\\-bp\u2248 Iev]-\\\\-I\u0192 Akm-[p-hm-sW-\u2202Xv hy\u2021w. Fd-Wm-Ipfw\u02dbA\u00b6-am-en-bnse sshZn-I-cpsS A\\\\p-k-c-W-t\u00b0-Sns\\\\ A]-e-]n-\u00b0p-\u2202-tXm-sSm-\u220fw-Xs\u2202, C\u00df-s\\\\-bp\u2248 Xo{h-hm-Z-]-c-amb \\\\ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw A]-e-]n-\u00b0-s\u220f-tS-\u2260-Xp-X-s\u2202-bm-Wv. cq]-Xm-sa-{Xm- \u2211m\u00bft]mepw Ah\u00bf\u00b0v \\\\n\u203a-bn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\m-bn kn\\\\Uv am\u2030n-h-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 hnj-b-\u00df\u0192\u00b0-\u220fpdw en\u2030\u00bfPn kw_-\u2018n-bmb \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-i-\u00df\u0192 Iev]-\\\\-I-fmbn Cd-\u00b0p-\u2202Xv AwKo-I-cn-\u00b0m-\\\\m-hn-\u221a. ASn-\u00ffm-\\\\-]-c-amb Imcy-\u00df-fn\u00ac sFI-cq-]yw, \\\\m\\\\m-Xz-\u00d8n\u00ac GIXzw (uniformity in essentials, unity in diversity) XpS- \u00dfnb ASn-\u00ffm-\\\\-X-Xz-\u00df\u0192 ]cn-K-Wn-\u00aep-sIm-\u2260mWv kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS k\\\\Uv 50:50 XXz- \u00d8n\u00ac hnip-\u2264-Ip\u00bf_m\\\\b\u00bf\u220fWcoXn \\\\n\u203a-bn-\u00ae-t\u220fm\u0192 ]e {]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\-Ifpw sF\u203an-I-am\u00b0n \\\\n\u203a-bn- \u00ae-Xv. kn\\\\Uv _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p\u2202 ]ptcm-ln-X\\\\v \\\\evIn-bn-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 Cu kzmX{\u00a5yw XS-bp\u2202 hnImcn Xs\u201a A[n-Im-cw -Zp\u00bfhn-\\\\n-tbmKw sN\u00f8p-\u2202-Xmbn am{Xta (CCEO c. 1464) Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-{]-Imcw a\\\\- \u00a0n-em-\u00b0m-\\\\m-hp-I-bp-\u2248q. 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XXz-im-kv{Xhpw ssZh-im-kv{X-hp-sa\u221amw skan-\\\\mcn hnZym-`ym-k-Im- e\u00d8v \\\\\u2202mbn ]Tn-\u00ae-h\u00bf Ft\u00a5 C\u00df-s\\\\-sbms\u00b0 hmZn-\u00b0p-\u2202p, {]h\u00bf\u00d8n-\u00b0p\u2202p F\u2202v km[m-cW hnizm-kn-I\u0192 thZ-\\\\-tbmsS tNmZn-\u00aep-Xp-S\u00dfn Fs\u2202-\u00b6nepw kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bnse sshZn-Icpw A\ufb02m-bcpw k\\\\y-kvX-cp-amb ssZh-P\\\\w a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 C\\\\nbpw sshIn-\u00b0q-Sm. 70","k` A\ufb02mb- c- pt- SXv am{Xt- am, AtXm ssZhP- \\\\- \u00d8- ns- \u201atbm? It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mk- `- b- nse A\ufb02mb- c- psS ]\u00b6v: Hcp Imt\\\\m\\\\- nI A]{- KY- \\\\w tUm. sPbnwkv amXyp ]m\u00bamd kn.F- w.s- F BapJw c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kne- ns\u201a Xncp\u00a0- `- s- b\u220f- \u2030- nb- p\u2248 {]amW- t- cJ- b- mb P\\\\X- I- f- psS {]Imiw (Lu- men Gentium) Xncp\u00a0- `- sb \\\\n\u00bfhN- n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv ssZhP- \\\\- a- mb- n\u00b4- mW- :v The Church is the people of God. F\u2202m\u00ac ssZhP- \\\\w F\u2202X- ps- Im\u2260v Dt\u00b1i- n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv A\ufb02mb- sc am{Xa- ms- W\u2202v sX\u2030n\u2264- c- n\u220f- n\u00ae- ps- Im\u2260v \\\"\\\"Wir sind die Kirche'' - we are the Church'', \\\"\\\"R\u00dff- mWv k`''sb\u2202 ap{Zmh- mI- yh- pa- mbn c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kne- n\\\\v tijw P\u00bf\u2126\\\\- nb- nepw XpS\u00bf\u2202v a\u2030v ]e cmPy\u00df- f- nepw Nne A\ufb02mb hnaX- {- Kq\u220f- pI- \u0192 {]IS- \\\\- - \u00df\u0192 \\\\S\u00d8- pI- bpw It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mk- `- b- psS inYne- oI- c- W- \u00d8- n\\\\- mb- p\u2248 ]\u2264X- nI- fpw {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- \u00df- fpw Bcw- `n\u00b0- pI- b- pa- p\u2260- mb- n. FdW- mI- pf- w\u02db- A- \u00b6- a- men AXnc- q]- X- b- nse hnaX- {- ]h- \u00bf\u00d8\\\\- \u00df- \u0192\u00b0v Np\u00b0m\u2265 ]nSn\u00b0- p\u2202 Nne ISe- mkv ]penI- \u0192 t]mseb- p\u2248 A\ufb02mb- k- wL- S- \\\\- I- fpw A\ufb02mb- c- ptSXv am{Xa- mWv k` F\u2202 ap{Zm- hmI- yh- pa- mbn cwK\u00d8- nd- \u00df- nb- Xv ]e hnizmk- nI- f- psS a\\\\\u00a0- nepw sX\u2030n\u2264mcWI- \u0192\u00b0v ImcW- a- mb ]\u203am\u00d8- - ea- mWv Cu teJ\\\\- \u00d8- n\\\\v {]tNmZ- \\\\w. 1. BcmWv ssZhP- \\\\w? BcmWv A\ufb02mb- \u00bf? P\\\\X- I- f- psS {]Imiw F\u2202 {]amW- t- cJ- b- psS c\u2260mw A\u2264ymb- \u00d8- ns\u201a Xes- \u00b0\u00b4v \\\"\\\"ssZh\u00d8- ns\u201a P\\\\w'' F\u2202mW- .v Cu Xes- \u00b0\u00b4- ns\u201a A\u00bf\u221ew hniZ- oI- c- n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv C\u00dfs- \\\\b- mW:v \\\"\\\"Xncp\u00a0- `- b- psS kmaql- n- Ihpw am\\\\pj- nI- h- pa- mb hi\u00d8- n\\\\v A\u00bfln\u00b0- p\u2202 {]m[m\\\\- ya- mWv Cu A\u2264ymb- \u00d8- ne- qsS \\\\evInb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- - Xv. ]gb- \\\\- nb- a- \u00d8- n\u00ac ssZhP- \\\\- a- mb- nc- p\u2202- Xv C{kmt- b\u00ac P\\\\X- b- mW- v. ssZh\u00d8- ns\u201a (bmlvth) {]tXyI ImcpW- y\u00d8m\u00ac Xncs- \u2122S- p\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4 P\\\\a- mW- h- \u00bf. Ahni- zmk- nI- f- ps- Sb- nS- b- n\u00ac ssZhh- ni- zmkw ]pe\u00bf\u00d8m\\\\pw Ah\u00bf\u00b0v HcS- b- mf- a- mb- nc- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw th\u2260nb- mWv Chsc bmltv h Xncs- \u2122S- p\u00d8- X- .v AXpt- ]mse ]pXnb DS\u00ba- S- nb- n\u00ac {InkvXp Hcp P\\\\s\u00d8 Xncs- \u2122S- p\u00d8p: Xncp\u00a0- `- . Ah\u0192 ]pXnb C{kmt- bepw ]pXnb ssZh- P\\\\- h- pa- mW- v. ssZhP- \\\\w F\u2202 kw\u2044b- n\u00ac amt\u2126mZ- okm kzoIc- n\u00ae F\u221amh- cpw D\u0192s\u220fS- p\u2202- p\u2260v. ssZhP- - \\\\s- a\u2202 \\\\neb- n\u00ac ]ucXzw IqSnb- h- cpw Ipd\u2122- h- cpan\u221a'' (c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac {]amW- t- cJ- - I\u0192, kph\u00bf\u00c6P- q_- nen ]Xn\u220f- v, [\u00bf\u2126mcmw tImtfP- v, _mw\u2022q\u00bf, 2012, t]Pv 64, note 'a'). P\\\\X- I- f- psS {]Imiw F\u2202 tIm\u00a8\u00c3n\u2030- yqj- s\u201a \\\\memw A\u2264ymbw A\ufb02mb- s- c\u00b0- pd- n\u00ae- p\u2248- X- mW- .v AXns\u201a {]mcw`- \u00d8- n\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\ FgpX- s- \u220f\u00b4- ncn\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"ssZhP- \\\\- s- \u00d8\u220f- \u2030n apIf- n\u00ac ]d\u2122 Imcy\u00df- \u0192- A\ufb02- mb- - scbpw k\\\\ymk- nI- s- fbpw sshZnI- s- cbpw Hcpt- ]mse kw_\u2018- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- mWv'' (LG 30). as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122- m\u00ac amt\u2126mZ- okm kzoIc- n\u00aev It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mk- `- b- n\u00ac AwKa- mb- h- cpw amt\u2126mZ- okm kzoIc- n\u00ae- t- ijw ]n\u2202oSv It\u00d8men\u00b0- mk- `- b- n\u00ac tN\u00bf\u2202h- c- pa- mb F\u221amh- cpw tN\u00bf\u2202X- mWv ssZhP- \\\\- a- mI- p\u2202 It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- m- k`- . Cu ssZhP- \\\\w ]utcml- nX- yw, k\\\\ymkw F\u2202o PohnX- m\u00a5- \u00a0v kzoIc- n\u00ae- h- t- cm, As\u221a\u00b6- n\u00ac CXn\u00ac c\u2260ne- pws- ]S- msX \\\"A\ufb02mb- \u00bf' F\u2202 hn`mK- \u00d8- n\u00acs\u220fS- p\u2202h- c- pa- mW- .v BcmWv A\ufb02mb- \u00bf F\u2202 tNmZy\u00d8- n- \\\\p\u00d8- cw LG 31 C\u00dfs- \\\\b- mWv \\\\n\u00bfhN- n\u00aev X\u2202nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X:v \\\"\\\"Xncp\u220f\u00b4w kzoIc- n\u00b0- m\u00d8- h- tcm k` AwKoI- - cn\u00ae- n\u00b4- p\u2248 k\\\\ymk- k- `- I- f- n\u00ac s]Sm\u00d8- h- tcm Bb F\u221am hnizmk- nI- s- fb- pa- mWv A\ufb02mb- \u00bf F\u2202 \\\\ma- \u00d8m\u00ac hnh\u00a3- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- v.'' Npcp\u00b0- n\u220f- d- \u2122- m\u00ac A\ufb02mb- \u00bf ssZhP- \\\\- \u00d8- ns\u201a `mKa- mW- v. F\u2202m\u00ac ssZhP- \\\\- - sa\u2202v ]db- p\u2202- Xv A\ufb02mb- \u00bf am{Xa- \u221a- . ssZhP- \\\\w ]ptcml- nX- \u00bf, k\\\\yk- vX\u00bf, A\ufb02mb- \u00bf F\u2202o aq\u2202v Pohn- Xm\u00a5- \u00a0- pI- f- ne- mbn {InkXv ob- P- oh- nXw \\\\bn\u00b0- p\u2202h- c- mW- .v P\\\\X- I- f- psS {]Imiw F\u2202 {]amW- t- cJ- b- psS aq\u2202mw A\u2264ymb- \u00d8- ns\u201a {]Xn]- mZ- yh- nj- bw k`b- psS \\\"lbc- m\u00bf\u00b0n'bmW.v sa{Xm\u2265kwL- \u00d8- ns\u201a Xeh- \\\\- mb am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f- b- psS t\\\\XrX- z\u00d8- n\u00ac, sa{Xm\u2211mcpw sshZn- Icpw Uo\u00b0\u2211- mc- pa- S- \u00df- p\u2202 Cu \\\"lbc- m\u00bf\u00b0n'bpw ssZhP- \\\\- \u00d8- ns\u201a `mKa- mWv F\u2202v hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- m\\\\- mWv c\u2260mw A\u2264ymb- \u00d8- n\u00ac \\\"\\\"ssZhP- \\\\''s\u00d8\u220f\u2030- nb- p\u2248 {]Xn]- mZ- \\\\- \u00d8- n\\\\- pt- ijw am{Xw l- b- c- m\u00bf\u00b0ns- b\u220f- \u2030n {]Xn- ]mZ- n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- v. P\\\\X- I- f- psS {]Imiw Bdmw A\u2264ymb- \u00d8- nse {]Xn]- mZ- yh- nj- bw k\\\\yk- vXc- mW- v. \\\"\\\"Znhyhpw lbc- m\u00bf\u00b0nsb kw_\u2018- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- pa- mb k`mL- S- \\\\- b- psS shfn\u00ae- \u00d8- n\u00ac ho\u00a3n\u00b0pt- \u00bam\u0192 k\\\\ym- kP- oh- nXw sshZnI- P- oh- nX- \u00d8- ns- \u201abpw A\ufb02mb- P- oh- nX- \u00d8- ns- \u201abpw CSbv\u00b0v \u00ffnXns- N\u00f8- p\u2202 Hcp PohnX- m- h\u00ff- b- s- \u221a\u2202v ImWmh- p\u2202- X- mW- v'' (LG 43) F\u2202v c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac hniZ- oI- c- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260- v. 71","{]amW- t- cJ XpS\u00bf\u2202v C\u00dfs\\\\ hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"t\\\\sca- d- n\u00ae- v, Cu khnt- ij- Z- m\\\\w k`mP- oh- nX- \u00d8- n\u00ac BkzZ- n\u00b0- m\\\\pw A\u00dfs\\\\ Hmtcmc- p\u00d8- cpw Ahc- h- c- psS coXnb- n\u00ac Xncp\u00a0- `- b- psS c\u00a3mI- c- Z- uX- ys\u00d8 klm- bn\u00b0- m\\\\- pa- mbn Ccph- n`- mK- \u00df- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw {InkXv ob- h- ni- zmk- nI- sf ssZhw hnfn\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- pI- b- mW- .v '' k\\\\ymk- - Poh- nXw Hcp {]tXyI PohnX- mh- \u00ff- , AYhm PohnX- m\u00a5- \u00a0v (status) Xs\u2202b- ms- W\u2202pw lbc- m\u00bf\u00b0n]- c- - ambn Nn\u00a5n\u00b0- pt- \u00bam\u0192 AXv \\\"\\\"sshZnI- P- oh- nX- m\u00a5- \u00a0- n\\\\pw A\ufb02mb- P- oh- nX- m\u00a5- \u00a0- n\\\\pw CSb- ne- \u221a hcp\u2202- s- X- \u00b6nepw'' Cu PohnX- m\u00a5- \u00a0v It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mk- `- b- psS k`m\ufb02- I- P- oh- nX- \u00d8- ns\u201a Ahi- yL- S- Iw Xs\u2202b- ms- W\u2202pw CtX {]amW- t- cJ- b- psS 44\u02db- mw JWvUnI XpS\u00bf\u2202v hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260v: \\\"\\\"C\u00dfs\\\\ kphnt- it- jm]- t- Zi- \u00df- - fpsS hmKvZm\\\\- wh- gn cq]ws- Im\u2248- p\u2202 Cu PohnX- mh- \u00ff Xncp\u00a0- `- b- psS lbc- m\u00bf\u00b0nb- psS LS\\\\b- n\u00ac D\u0192s\u220fS- p\u2202- ns- \u221a\u00b6- nepw AXv Ahf- psS hnip\u2264- nt- bmSpw PohnX- t- \u00d8mSpw kp\\\\n\u203a- nX- a- mbpw _\u2018s- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p- \u2202p.'' as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122- m\u00ac, It\u00d8me- n\u00b0mXncp\u00a0- `- sb c\u2260v hyXyk- vXa- mb ho\u00a3vWtImWpI- f- n- eqsS a\\\\\u00a0- ne- m\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 km[n\u00b0pw: 1) lbc- m\u00bf\u00b0n]- c- a- mbn; 2) Acq]- n]- c- a- mbn (pneumatical). lbc- m\u00bf\u00b0n- \u00b0e- mbn k`sb ImWpt- \u00bam\u0192 AhnsS c\u2260v hn`mK- \u00df- \u0192 am{Xt- ab- p\u2248q: BZyt- \u00d8X- v, lbc- m\u00bf\u00b0nb- psS `mKa- mb- p\u2248- h- \u00bf, AXmb- Xv am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f- b- p\u0192s\u220fs- Sb- p\u2248 sa{Xm\u2265kwL- w, sshZnI- \u00bf, Uo\u00b0- \u2211- m\u00bf F\u2202nh- c- S- - \u00dfp\u2202 ip{iqj- ]- ut- cml- nXyw kzoIc- n\u00ae- h- \u00bf, c\u2260ma- t- \u00d8X- v, ip{iqj- ]- ut- cml- nXyw kzoIc- n\u00b0- m\u00d8 k\\\\y- kXv cpw A\ufb02mb- cpw AS\u00df- nb- h- \u00bf. F\u2202m\u00ac Cu Nn\u00a5m[- mc- b- nepw lbc- m\u00bf\u00b0nb- n\u00acs\u220fS- m\u00d8- h- s- c\u221amw A\ufb02m- bc- ms- W\u2202- p\u2248 ho\u00a3Wa- n\u221a- . lbc- m\u00bf\u00b0n]- c- a- \u221a- m\u00d8 ho\u00a3Wt- ImW- ne- qs- Sbpw k`sb a\\\\\u00a0- ne- m\u00b0- m\\\\- m- hpw. Cu c\u2260ma- s\u00d8 Z\u00bfi\\\\- c- oX- nsb kn\u2264n]- c- s- at\u2202m Acq]- n]- c- s- at\u2202m (pneumatic) hntij- n\u220f- n\u00b0- mh- p- \u2202X- mW- v. Cu Z\u00bfi\\\\- \u00d8- n\u00ac k\\\\yk- vX\u00bf\u00b0v hfsc {][m\\\\- a- mb Hcp \u00ffm\\\\w It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mk- `- b- ne- p\u2260v: \\\"\\\"AXv Ahf- psS PohnX- t- \u00d8mSpw hnip\u2264- nt- bmSpw kp\\\\n\u203a- nX- a- mbpw _\u2018s- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p'' F\u2202 aeb- mfw X\u00bf\u00f7a Hcp]- t\u00a3 Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac ]nXm\u00b0\u2211m\u00bf Dt\u00b1i- n\u00ae Bga- mb A\u00bf\u221ew- apg- ph- \u2265 shfnh- m\u00b0- p\u2202- n\u221a F- \u2202mWv Cu teJI- s\u201a kp\\\\n\u203a- nX- a- mb A`n{- ]mb- w. 'This state belongs inalienably to the life and holi- ness of the Church' F\u2202p\u2248 BwKt- eb ]cn`- mj aqet- \u00d8mSv IqSpX- \u00ac tN\u00bf\u2202pt- ]mI- p\u2202- p\u2260- v. aqe\u00d8- n\u00ac D]t- bmK- n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 'inconcusse' F\u2202 ]Zws- Im\u2260- \u00bf\u221ea- m\u00b0- p\u2202- X,v k\\\\ymk- a- n\u221a- m\u00d8 Hcp It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- m- k`- s- b\u220f- \u2030n Nn\u00a5n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- pt- ]mepw km\u2264ya- \u221a F\u2202X- pX- s- \u2202b- mW- v. k\\\\ymk- P- oh- nX- \u00d8- ns\u201a Hcp {][m\\\\ LSIw fuga mundi AYhm Cu temI\u00d8- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202- p\u2248 Hfnt- \u00aemS- - emW- .v Cu temI\u00d8- ne- mWv Pohn\u00b0- p\u2202- s- X\u00b6- nepw Cu temI\u00d8- nt- \u201aX- \u221a- m\u00d8- X- pt- ]mse Pohnt- \u00b0\u2260- h- c- mWv k\\\\yk- vX\u00bf. k\\\\ymk- P- oh- nX- s\u00d8 Hcp h\u2248t- \u00d8mSv D]a- n\u00b0- m\\\\- mh- pw. h\u2248w sh\u2248\u00d8- ne- mWv InS\u00b0- p\u2202- s- X- \u00b6nepw sh\u2248w h\u2248\u00d8- n\u00ac Ibd- ph- m\u2265 A\\\\ph- Z- n\u00ae- pI- qS- m. As\u221a\u00b6- n\u00ac h\u2248w ap\u00dfpw. P\\\\X- I- f- psS {]Imiw 44\u02db- mw JWvUnI C\u00b0mcyw kqNn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260- v: \\\"\\\"k\\\\ymk- P- oh- nX- mh- \u00ff (the religious state) k`mwK- \u00df- sf euIoI- a- mb sI\u00b4p]- mS- pI- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v hnap\u2021- c- m\u00b0- p\u2202- X- ph- gn Cl\u00d8- n\u00ach\u00ae- pX- s\u2202 BkzZ- n\u00ae- pX- pS- \u00df- p\u2202 B\u2264ym\ufb02- nI- \\\\- \u2211- I- f- psS bmYm\u00bf\u221eyw kIe hnizmk- nI- s- fbpw t_m\u2264ys- \u220fS- p\u00d8- p\u2202- p.'' A\ufb02mb- c- psS Xncp\u00a0- `- b- nse \u00ffm\\\\s- \u00d8\u220f- \u2030- nb- p\u2248 Cu teJ\\\\- \u00d8- n\u00ac k\\\\yk- vXs- c\u220f- \u2030n C{Xbpw hni- Za- mbn {]Xn]- mZ- nt- \u00b0\u2260- nh- \u2202- X- ,v ]ec- ps- Sbpw ZrjSv nb- n\u00ac sshZnI- c- \u221a- m\u00d8 k\\\\yk- Xv \u00bf A\ufb02mb- c- mbn ImW- s\u220fS- p\u2202- X- n\\\\- me- mW- .v F\u2202m\u00ac k\\\\ymk PohnX- m\u00a5- \u00a0v Hcp {]tXyI PohnX- mh- \u00ff (state of life) BsW\u2202v c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac {]amW- t- cJ- b- n\u00ac ]eb- nS- \u00d8- mbn Bh\u00bf\u00d8n\u00aev ASnh- c- b- n\u00b4v {]Jym]- n\u00ae- n\u00b4p- \u2248Xpw hniZ- oI- c- n\u00ae- n\u00b4- p\u2248- - X- pamW- v. LG 45 C\u00dfs\\\\ hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Xncp\u00a0- `- b- mI- s- \u00b4, k\\\\ymk- {- hX- m\\\\- p- jvTm\\\\w AwKoI- c- n\u00aev AXns\\\\ Imt\\\\m\\\\- nI PohnX- mh- \u00ff- b- psS al\\\\- ob- X- b- nt- eb- v\u00b0pb- \u00bf\u00d8pI am{Xa- \u221a- , sNbvXnc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- ,v {]XypX, Xncp\u00b0- \u00bf\u2126\u00df- f- nepw AXn\\\\v \u00ffm\\\\w \\\\evIns- \u00b0m\u2260v ssZh\u00d8- n\u00ac ka\u00bf\u220fn\u00b0- - s\u220f\u00b4- n\u00b4- p\u2248 Hcp PohnX- mh- \u00ff- b- mWv AsX\u2202v hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- pI- I- qSn sN\u00f8p\u2202- p\u2260- v.'' CXn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw k\\\\ymk PohnX- m\u00a5- \u00a0v A\ufb02mb PohnX- m\u00a5- \u00a0- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw XnI\u00aepw hyXnc- \u2021- a- mb Hcp Imt\\\\m\\\\- nI PohnX- m\u00a5- \u00a0v Xs\u2202b- mb- mWv c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kn\u00ac hy\u2021a- mbn ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- s- X\u2202v ImWmw. k\\\\yk- Xv \u00bf Cu temI\u00d8- ne- mb- nc- n\u00b0- pt- \u00bamgpw Cu temI\u00d8- nt- \u201aX- \u221a- msX Pohn\u00ae- ps- Im\u2260v kzbh- ni- p- \u2264n\u00b0- mbpw k`b- psS ]Sp\u00d8- pb- \u00bf\u00d8e- n\\\\- pa- mbn A\u2264zm\\\\- n\u00b0- pt- \u00bam\u0192, A\ufb02mb- c- psS ZuXyw Xptemw hyXy- kvXa- mW- v. \\\"\\\"temIt- \u00d8mSv _\u2018s- \u220f\u00b4v Pohn\u00b0- p\u2202p F\u2202X- mWv A\ufb02mb- c- psS {]tXyI- X'' (LG 31). CtX JWvUnI- b- n\u00ac \\\\mw XpS\u00bf\u2202v C\u00dfs\\\\ hmbn\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"`uXnI Imcy\u00df- sf \\\\nb{- \u00a5n\u00aepw ssZhl- nX- m\\\\- p- kmcw Ah {IaoI- c- n\u00aepw kz\u00a5w ssZhh- nf- n\u00b0- \\\\- pk- rX- a- mbn ssZhc- mPyw At\\\\zj- n\u00aepw temI\u00d8- n\u00ac Pohn\u00b0- pI F\u2202X- mWv A\ufb02mb- c- psS ISa- . `uXnI- a- mb F\u221am hyhl- mc- \u00df- f- nepw tPmenI- f- nepw G\u00bfs\u220f- \u00b4p-sIm\u2260v IpSpw-_-kw-_-\u2018hpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb Pohn-X-\u00d8n\u00ac X\u00df-fpsS \\\\ne-\\\\n-ev]p-ambn sI\u00b4p- ]nW\u2122pInS- \u00b0- p\u2202 temI\u00d8- nse km[mc- W kmlN- c- y\u00df- f- ne- mWv Ah\u00bf Pohn\u00b0- p\u2202- X- v. AhnsS kphn- tij- s- sNX- \\\\- y\u00d8- m\u00ac t{]cnX- c- mbn kzI\u00bf\u00d8h- y\u00df- \u0192- \\\\n\u00bfhl- n\u00ae- ps- Im\u2260v temIh- ni- p\u2264- oI- c- W- m\u00bf\u221ew AXnse ]pfna- mh- mbn h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 ssZhw Ahsc hnfn\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p... `uXnI- a- W- Uv e- t- \u00d8mSv Ah\u00bf hf- sct- bsd _\u2018s- \u220f\u00b4- mW- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- v. AXps- Im\u2260v Ah\u00bf\u00b0v Hcp {]tXyI ZuXya- p\u2260- v: Cu aWvUe- \u00df- s- f- sb\u221amw {]Imi- n\u220f- n\u00b0- m\\\\pw {IaoI- c- n\u00b0- m\\\\pw A\u00dfs\\\\ Ahs- b\u221amw {kjvSmh- n\\\\pw c\u00a3nX- mh- n\\\\pw alX- za- p- fh- m\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- pa- mbn {InkXv ph- ns\u201a ssNX\\\\- yt- \u00d8mS- pI- qSn Bhn\u00bf`h- n\u00b0- pI- bpw hfc- pI- bpw \\\\ne\\\\- ne- \u00b0v pI- bpw sN\u00f8s\u00b4.'' 72","2. A\ufb02mb- \u00bf ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- \u00d8- n\u00ac ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnX- b- nse ap\u220fXv io\u00bfjI- \u00df- f- n\u00ac ]\u00d8mw io\u00bfjIw ]ptcml- nX- i- p{- iqj- nI- - sf\u220f- \u2030- nbpw (clerics) ]{\u00a5\u2260mw io\u00bfjIw k\\\\yk- vXs- cbpw a\u2030v ka\u00bf\u220fnX- t- cbpw]- \u2030n {]Xn]- mZ- n\u00b0- pt- \u00bam\u0192 ]Xns- \\\\m\u2202mw io\u00bfjIw A\ufb02mb- \u00bf\u00b0mb- mWv am\u2030nh- \u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- v. A\u00dfs\\\\ ssZhP- \\\\- \u00d8- nse aq\u2202v hyXn- c\u2021- \u00df- f- mb PohnX- m\u00a5- \u00a0- pI- s- fbpw HtcX- e- \u00d8- n\u00ac Xs\u2202 _lpa- m\\\\- hpw ]Zh- nbpw \\\\evInb- mWv ]uc- kvXyI- m\\\\- \u2265\\\\nb- aw c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kne- ns\u201a ssZhP- \\\\- s- \u00d8\u220f- \u2030- nbpw A\ufb02mb- s- c\u220f- \u2030- nb- pa- p\u2248 ]T\\\\- \u00df- t- fmSv hnizk- Xv X ]pe\u00bf\u00d8nbncn\u00b0- p\u2202- X- .v Cu io\u00bfjI- \u00d8- n\u00ac ]\u00d8v Imt\\\\m\\\\- I- s- fb- p\u2248- ps- h\u00b6- nepw Ah hfsc A\u00bf\u221ek\u00bapj- vShpw P\\\\X- I- f- psS {]Imiw F\u2202 h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kne- ns\u201a {]amW- t- cJ- - bpsS \\\\memw A\u2264ymb- \u00d8- ns- \u201abpw AtX Iu\u00a8kne- ns\u201a \\\"\\\"A\ufb02mb t{]jnX- X- z''s\u00d8\u220f\u2030nb- p\u2248 Un{In (ApostolicamActuositatem) tbmSpw AXpt- ]mse tPm\u00a8 t]m\u0192 c\u2260ma- \u2265 am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f- b- psS A\ufb02mb hnizm- knI- \u0192 (Christifideles laici) F\u2202 Nm{InI- t- eJ- \\\\- t- \u00d8mSpw hfs- cb- [- nIw hnizk- vXX ]pe\u00bf\u00d8p\u2202- X- pam- Wv. e\u00d8o\u2265k`- b- psS Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- k- wl- nX- b- n\u00ac (CIC) 224 apX\u00ac 231 hscb- p\u2248 Imt\\\\m\\\\- I- f- n\u00ac A\ufb02m- bs- c\u220f- \u2030n {]Xn]- mZ- n\u00ae- n\u00b4- p\u2248- X- nepw IqSpX- \u00ac sXfnh- p\u2030- Xpw A\u00bf\u221ek- \u00ba- p- jvSh- pa- mWv ]uck- vXyI- m\\\\- \u2265 \\\\nb- a\u00d8- nse 399 apX\u00ac 409 hscb- p\u2248 Imt\\\\m\\\\- I- \u0192. ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- \u00d8- nse 399\u02db- mw Imt\\\\m\\\\ A\ufb02mb- sc C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\n\u00bfhN- n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"X\u00df- fpsS kzIob- hpw {]tXyI- h- pa- mb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 Ah\u00ff euInI (secular) ambnc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- h- cpw temI\u00d8- n\u00ac Pohn\u00ae- ps- Im\u2260v k`b- psS ZuXy\u00d8- n\u00ac ]\u00b6p]- \u2030- p\u2202- h- cpw Xncp\u220f- \u00b4- \u00df- \u0192 C\u221am\u00d8- h- cpw k\\\\ymk- mh- \u00ff- b- n\u00ac tN\u00bf\u00b0s- \u220fS- m\u00d8- h- c- pa- mb {InkXv ob hnizmk- nI- \u0192\u00b0mWv Cu \\\\nba- k- wl- nX- b- n\u00ac \\\"\\\"A\ufb02mb- \u00bf'' F\u2202 t]cv _m[I- a- mb- n\u00b4- p\u2248- X- v.'' as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122- m\u00ac, P\\\\X- I- f- psS {]Imiw F\u2202 {]amW- t- cJ- b- psS 31\u02db- mw JWvUnI- b- psS X\\\\nb- mh- \u00bf\u00d8\\\\w Xs\u2202b- mWv Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\- . k\\\\yk- vXcpw ]ptcml- nX- i- p{- iqj- nI- f- pa- - \u221am\u00d8 ssZhP- \\\\w apgph- \\\\pw Cu A\ufb02mb- K- W- \u00d8- n\u00acs\u220fS- p\u2202- p. Ahc- psS Ah\u00ff euInIw (secular) BWv. `uXnI- t- aJ- e- b- ne- mW- h- \u00bf hym]c- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- v. AXh- c- psS {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- a- W- vUe- h- pa- mW- v. ka\u00bf\u220fnX- s- c- t\u220fmse Ah\u00bf temI\u00d8- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v th\u00bfXnc- n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- n\u00b4- n\u221a- . k`b- psS ZuXy\u00d8- n\u00ac ]\u00b6pt- Nc- ph- m\u2265 Ahcpw hnfn\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. X\u00dff- ps- Sbpw a\u2030p\u2248- h- c- ps- Sbpw hnip\u2264- oI- c- W- \u00d8- n\\\\- mbn bXv\\\\n\u00b0- pI F\u2202 ZuXyw A\ufb02mb- \u00bf\u00b0pa- p\u2260- .v 3. A\ufb02mb- c- psS AhI- mi- \u00df- \u0192 Xncp\u00a0- `- b- n\u00ac sshZnI- cpw k\\\\yk- vXcpw A\ufb02mb- c- pa- p\u0192s\u220fS- p\u2202 ssZhP- \\\\- \u00d8- ns\u201a s]mXphmb AhI- mi- \u00df- s- fbpw ISa- I- s- fb- pw]- \u2030n ]uckvXy Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnX AXns\u201a H\u2202mw io\u00bfjI- \u00d8- n\u00ac Ggv apX\u00ac Ccp]- \u00d8- n- bmdv hscb- p\u2248 Imt\\\\m\\\\- I- f- n\u00ac \\\"\\\"hnizmk- nI- f- psS AhI- mi- \u00df- fpw ISa- I- fpw'' F\u2202 Xes- \u00b0\u00b4- n\u2265 Iogn\u00ac {]Xn]- mZ- n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv A\ufb02mb- \u00bf\u00b0pw _m[I- a- ms- W\u2202v 400\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ Hm\u00bf\u2126n\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- t- Xms- Sm\u220f- wX- s\u2202, A\ufb02mb- \u00bf\u00b0p\u2248 {]tXyI AhI- mi- \u00df- fpw ISa- I- fpw 401 apX\u00ac 409 hscb- p\u2248 Imt\\\\m\\\\- I- f- n\u00ac hniZ- oI- - cn\u00b0- p\u2202- pa- p\u2260- .v 3.1 A\ufb02mb- c- p\u0192s\u220fs- Sb- p\u2248 F\u221am ssZhh- ni- zmk- nI- f- ps- Sbpw s]mX- ph- mb AhI- mi- \u00df- fpw ISa- I- fpw ]uckXv y Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- \u00d8- nse ]\u00d8ma- s\u00d8 Imt\\\\m\\\\ F\u221am hnizmk- nI- fpw X\u00dff- psS ss{IkXv h- - hni- zm- ks\u00d8 ]q\u00bf\u00c6X- b- n\u00ac Im\u00d8v kq\u00a3n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\pw AXns\\\\ hf\u00bf\u00d8p\u2202- X- n\\\\pw a\u2030p\u2248- h- \u00bf\u00b0v ssIamd- pI- bpw sN\u00f8p\u2202- X- n\\\\- p\u2248 AhI- mi- s- \u00d8bpw ISa- s- bbpw Ipdn\u00ae- mWv {]Xn]- mZ- n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X:v \\\"\\\"ssZhh- N- \\\\- s\u00d8 apdp- sI\u220f- nS- n\u00ae- ps- Im\u2260pw k`b- psS B[nI- mc- nI- hpw kPoh- h- pa- mb {]t_m[- \\\\- m[- nI- mc- t- \u00d8mSv tN\u00bf\u2202p\\\\- n\u2202- p- sIm\u2260pw, X\u00dff- psS ]q\u00bf\u2206nI- \u00bf henb hnes- ImS- p\u00d8v kwc\u00a3- n\u00b0- pI- bpw ssIamd- pI- bpw sNbvX hnizm- ks\u00d8 ka{- Ka- mbn \\\\ne\\\\- n\u00bf\u00d8m\\\\pw AXv ]ck- ya- mbn {]Jym]- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw AXpt- ]ms- eX- s\u2202 AXns- \\\\- \u00b0pd- n\u00aev IqSpX- e- mbn ]cn\u2044- m\\\\w t\\\\Sph- m\\\\pw D]hn {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- \u00df- f- ne- qsS AXns\\\\ ^e{- ]Z- a- m\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw ss{IkvXh- h- ni- zmk- nI- \u0192 ISs- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p.'' ]\u00d8mas\u00d8 Imt\\\\m\\\\- , Hcp ISa- s- b\u220f- \u2030- nb- mWv hniZ- oI- c- n- \u00b0p\u2202- s- X\u00b6- n\u00ac ]{\u00a5\u2260- ma- s\u00d8 Imt\\\\m\\\\- bpw AXpt- ]ms- eX- s\u2202 as\u2030mcp ISa- s- bbmWv Hm\u00bf\u2126n\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- - Xv: \\\"\\\"X\u00df-fpsS {]h\u00bf\u00d8-\\\\-ssi-en-bn\u00ac k`-bp-am-bp\u2248 Iq\u00b4mbva F\u221am-bvt\u220fmgpw \\\\ne-\\\\n\u00bf\u00d8p-\u2202-Xn\\\\v {InkXv ob hnizmk- nI- \u0192 ISs- \u220f\u00b4- h- c- mW- v'' (CCEO c.12, \u00a71). \\\"\\\"km\u00bf\u2206{- XnI- k- `- t- bmSpw X\u00dff- psS kzbm[- n- Imc k`t- bmSp (sui iuris Church) ap\u2248 ISa- I- \u0192 Ah\u00bf G\u2030hpw {i\u2264m]- q\u00bf\u2206w \\\\ndt- ht- \u2030\u2260- X- mW'v ' (CCEO c.12, \u00a72). 12\u02db- mw Imt\\\\m\\\\- s- b\u220f- \u2030n ]uck- Xv yk- `- I- f- psS Imt\\\\m\\\\- I- \u0192 k`mP- oh- nX- \u00d8- n\u00ac F\u2202 {K\u0178w C\u00dfs\\\\ hniZ- oI- c- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Iq\u00b4mbva'' F\u2202 Bibw Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\ kwlnX ]e \u00ffe\u00d8pw hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260- v. hnizmk- nI- f- psS Iq\u00b4mbva k`b- n\u00ac hyXykvX Xe\u00df- f- n\u00ac bmYm\u00bf\u221eya- mI- p\u2202- p. CSh- I- X- e- \u00d8- nepw cq]- XmX- e- \u00d8- nepw kzbm[- nI- mc k`I- f- psS Xe\u00d8- nepw CXv IqSpX- \u00ac hy\u2021a- mW- v. hnizmk- nI- \u0192 k`mI- q\u00b4- m- bav b- n\u00ac \\\\ne\\\\- ne- tv \u00b0\u2260- X- n\\\\v hnizmk- w, IqZmi- I- \u0192, lbc- m\u00bf\u00b0n F\u2202o Xe\u00df- f- ns- e\u221amw Iq\u00b4mbav Im\u00d8p- kq\u00a3- n\u00b0- s- \u220ft- S\u2260- X- mW- .v Hmtcm hnizmk- nbpw amt\u2126mZ- ok- mh- gn X\u00dff- psS kzbm[- nI- mc- k- `- b- nse AwK- Xz\u00d8- ne- qsS It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- mk- `- b- mI- p\u2202 henb Iq\u00b4mb- vab- nt- e\u00b0v hcp\u2202- X- n\\\\- m\u00ac X\u00dff- psS kzbm[- nI- mc- - k`- b- ne- p\u2248 ISa- I- fpw Ah\u00bf IrXya- mbn \\\\n\u00bfhl- nt- \u00b0\u2260- X- mWv. X\u00dff- psS k`b- psS hnizmk- w, IqZmi- - 73","I\u0192, `cW- {- Ia- w, A\u00aeS- \u00b0w F\u2202nh- b- ne- p\u2248 ss]XrIw Im\u00d8pk- q\u00a3- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw AXn\\\\- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev Pohn- \u00b0ph- m\\\\pw Hmtcm hnizmk- n\u00b0pw ISa- b- p\u2260- v. AXnt- \\\\ms- Sm\u220fw km\u00bf\u2206{- XnI- k- `- t- bmSpw Ah\u00bf\u00b0v D\u00d8c- h- mZ- n- Xz\u00df- f- p\u2260v'' (sk_- m\u00c3- y\u2265 hSt- \u00b0\u00ac & tPm\u00bf\u00f7v aT\u00d8- n\u00b0- \u2260- \u00d8- n\u00ac, eds. ]uck- Xv yk- `- I- f- psS Imt\\\\m\\\\- - I\u0192 k`mP- oh- nX- \u00d8- n\u00ac, aq\u2202mw ]Xn\u220f- v, OIRSI No. 314, tIm\u00b4bw, 2009, t]Pv 70\u02db- 71). ]Xn\\\\- memw Imt\\\\m\\\\ kIe hnizmk- nI- \u0192\u00b0pa- p\u2248 anj\\\\- d- na- mc- mI- ph- m\\\\- p\u2248 AhI- mi- s- \u00d8bpw ISa- - sbbpw ]\u2030n {]Xn]- mZ- n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"F\u221am\u00b0- me- \u00df- f- nepw temIs- \u00d8\u00ba- mS- pa- p\u2248 kIe- P- \\\\- \u00df- \u0192\u00b0pw c\u00a3- bpsS ssZhoIk- t- \u00b5iw IqSpX- \u00ac IqSpX- e- mbn F\u00d8n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\- pt- h\u2260n {]h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 F\u221am ss{IkXv - hh- ni- zmk- nI- \u0192\u00b0pw AhI- mi- hpw ISa- b- pa- p\u2260- .v '' \\\"\\\"k` kz`mh- \u00d8- m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 t{]jnX- b- mW'v ' F\u2202 c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8kne- ns\u201a ]T\\\\- \u00d8- ns\u201a (A.G. 2) hniZ- oI- c- W- a- mWv Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\- . sshZnI- \u00bf\u00b0pw k\\\\y- kvX\u00bf\u00b0pw am{Xa- p\u2248- X- \u221a Cu AhI- mi- hpw ISa- bpw, {]XypX- , F\u221am A\ufb02mb- h- ni- zmk- nI- \u0192\u00b0pw IqSnb- p- \u2248X- mW- .v C\u00b0mcyw P\\\\X- I- f- psS {]Imiw ap\u220f\u00d8- na- q\u2202mw JWUv nI- b- n\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\ hniZ- oI- c- n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n- \u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"F\u221am hnizmk- nI- s- fbpw s]mX- ph- mbn kv]\u00bfin\u00b0- p\u2202 Cu t{]jnX- X- z\u00d8- n\\\\v ]pdta \\\\m\\\\mh- n[- - \u00d8n\u00ac lbc- m\u00bf\u00b0nb- psS t{]jnX- X- z\u00d8- n\u00ac t\\\\cn\u00b4v klI- c- n\u00b0- m\u2265 A\ufb02mb- \u00bf hnfn\u00b0- s- \u220fS- mw. A\u220fk- tv Xme- - \\\\mb hn. ]utemk- ns\\\\ kphnt- ij- t- he- b- n\u00ac klmb- n\u00b0- pI- bpw I\u00bf\u00d8mh- n\\\\- pt- h\u2260n hfs- ct- bsd the sN\u00f8pI- bpw sNbvX B ]pcpj- \u2211- mcpw kv{XoIfpw C\u00dfs- \\\\b- mb- nc- p\u2202- ph- t\u221am (^ne- n. 4:3; tdma 16:3). IqSm- sX, B\ufb02ob- e- \u00a3- y{- ]m]- Xv n\u00b0- mbn DtZyi- s- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 k`mk- w_- \u2018- nb- mb GsX\u00b6- nepw tPmen \\\\n\u00bfh- ln\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 lbc- m\u00bf\u00b0nb- m\u00ac \\\\nba- n\u00b0- s\u220fSp\u2202X- n\\\\v A\ufb02mb- \u00bf tbmKyc- mW- .v AXps- Im\u2260v c\u00a3b- psS ssZho- I]- \u2264- Xn F\u221am\u00b0- me- \u00d8pw F\u221am kab- \u00d8- pa- p\u2248 F\u221am a\\\\pj- yc- nt- e\u00b0pw IqSpX- \u00ac IqSpX- \u00ac hym]n\u220f- n- \u00b0pI F\u2202 al\\\\- ob [\u00bf\u2126w A\ufb02mb- \u00bf\u00b0p\u2260- v.'' 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ChnsS ]db- p\u2202 A\\\\pk- c- W- \u00d8- n\\\\- p\u2248 ISa ]ptcml- nX- i- p{- iqj- nI- \u0192, k\\\\yk- Xv \u00bf, A\ufb02mb- \u00bf XpS\u00dfn F\u221am hnizmk- nI- \u0192\u00b0pa- p\u2248- X- mW- .v AXpt- ]m- seX- s\u2202 Ah\u00bf A\\\\pk- c- nt- \u00b0\u2260- Xv k`b- psS HutZymK- nI {]t_m[- \\\\- m[- nI- mc- \u00d8- m\u00ac ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv am{X- a\u221a- , adn\u00ae- ,v \\\"\\\"k`b- psS `cW- m[- nI- mc- nI- \u0192 F\u2202 \\\\neb- n\u00ac Xocpa- m\\\\- n\u00b0- p\u2202'' Imcy\u00df- \u0192 IqSnb- mW- .v as\u2030mc- ph- m- \u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122- m\u00ac hnizmk- hpw k\u2211m\u00bf\u00a7hpw kw_\u2018- n\u00ae k`m[- nI- mc- nI- f- psS ]T\\\\- \u00df- \u0192 kzoIc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- t- Xm- sSm\u220f- wX- s\u2202 k`m[- nI- mc- nI- f- psS F\u221am Xocpa- m\\\\- \u00df- fpw, Ah ]m]I- c- a- \u221a- m\u00d8- nS- t- \u00d8mf- wI- me- w, A\\\\pk- c- n- \u00b0ph- m\u2265 F\u221am k`mX- \\\\- b- cpw ISs- \u220f\u00b4- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. Cu s]mX- ph- mb D\u00d8c- h- mZ- nX- z\u00d8- n\u2265Iog- n\u00ac hcp\u2202- X- mWv Bcm[- \\\\- {- Iak- w_- \u2018- nb- mb kn\\\\U- ns\u201a Xocpa- m\\\\- \u00df- \u0192 k`- mX- \\\\- b- \u00bf A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- pI F\u2202Xpw; FdW- mI- p- fw\u02db- A- \u00b6- a- men AXnc- q]- X- b- psS A\u220fk- tv Xme- nIv AUav n\\\\- nk- tv {S\u2030- dmbn am\u00bf B\u2265{Uqkv Xmg\u00d8- ns\\\\ {^m\u2265knkv am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f \\\\nba- n\u00ae- Xv AwKoI- c- n\u00b0- pI- bpw A\u220fk- tv Xme- nIv AUav n\\\\- nk- tv {S\u2030- \u00bf F\u2202 \\\\neb- n\u00ac B\u2265{Uqkv Xmg\u00d8v ]nXmhv FSp\u00b0- p\u2202 F\u221am Xocpa- m\\\\- \u00df- fpw \u02db Ah \\\\nba- h- nc- p\u2264- hpw ]m]I- c- h- pa- \u221a- m\u00d8- nS- t- \u00d8mf- w- Imew \u02db A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- pI F\u2202X- pw. Hcp- A[nI- mc- nb- psS GsX\u00b6- nepw Hcp Xocpa- m\\\\w \\\\nba- h- nc- p\u2264- a- ms- W\u2202v tXm\u2202nb- m\u00act]mepw AXv A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- mX- nc- n\u00b0- pI- b- \u221a th\u2260X- ,v {]XypX- , \\\\nba- ]- c- a- mb am\u00bf\u00a7\u00df- f- ne- qsS B A[nI- mc- nb- psS D\u2202X- m[- nI- mc- I- sf B hnhcw [cn\u220f- n\u00b0- pI F\u2202X- mW- .v kz`mh- \u00d8- mse ]m]I- c- a- mb Fs\u00a5\u00b6- nepw sN\u00f8ph- m\u2265 GsX\u00b6- nepw Hcp A[nI- mcn Ie]v n\u00ae- m\u00ac AX\\\\- pk- c- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 B\u00bf\u00b0pw ISa- b- n\u221a F\u2202Xpw C\u00d8c- pW- \u00d8- n\u00ac Hm\u00bf\u2126nt- \u00b0\u2260- X- mW- .v A[nI- mc- nb- psS Hcp Ie]v \\\\ A\\\\oX- n]- c- a- ms- W\u2202v tXm\u2202n- bm\u00ac B hnhcw B A[nI- mc- ns- bbpw XpS\u00bf\u2202v At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a D\u2202X- m[- nI- mc- nI- s- fbpw Adnb- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- p\u2248 AhI- mi- hpw ISa- bpw Hmtcm hnizmk- n\u00b0- pa- p\u2260- .v A\u00dfs- \\\\, icnb- mb \\\\S]- S- n{- Iaw ]men\u00ae- ps- Im\u2260v D\u2202X- m[- n- Imc- nsb kao]- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv Hcn\u00b0- epw A\\\\pk- c- W- t- \u00b0S- mbn IcpX- pI- b- pan\u221a- . k`b- nse CSb- \u2211- msc A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- W- s- a\u2202v ]db- p\u2202 AtX Imt\\\\m\\\\- b- psS c\u2260mw JWvUnI- , hnizm- knI- \u0192\u00b0v ISa- I- \u0192 am{Xa- \u221a- , {]XypX, Nne AhI- mi- \u00df- \u0192IqS- nb- p\u2260v F\u2202pIqSn Hm\u00bf\u2126n\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260v: \\\"\\\"X\u00dff- psS Bhi- y\u00df- fpw \u02db {]tXyI- n\u00aev B\u2264ym-\ufb02n-I-am-bh \u02db B{K-l-\u00dffpw k`-bnse CS-b-\u2211msc Adn-bn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 {InkvXob hnizm-kn-I\u0192\u00b0v kzmX-{\u00a5y-ap-\u2260v'' (CCEO c.15, \u00a72). 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CtX Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS aq\u2202mw JWvUnI C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\njvI\u00bfjn-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"k`-bpsS \\\\\u2211sb kw_-\u2018n-\u00b0p\u2202 Imcy-\u00df-fn\u00ac X\u00df-fpsS A`n- {]mbw k`-bnse CS-b-\u2211m-scbpw, hnizm-k-\u00d8n-s\u201abpw [m\u00bf\u2126n-I-X-bp-sSbpw ka-{K-Xbv\u00b0pw AtX CS-b-\u2211m-tcm-Sp\u2248 _lp-am-\\\\-\u00d8n\\\\pw X\u00b0-Xmb ]cn-K-W\\\\ \\\\evIn-s\u00b0m\u2260pw s]m-Xp-\\\\-\u2211bpw hy\u2021n-I- fpsS ]Z-hnbpw IW-\u00b0n-se-Sp-\u00d8p-sIm\u2260pw {InkvXo-b-hn-izm-kn-I-fn\u00ac a\u2030p-\u2248-h-scbpw, Adn-bn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 X\u00df-fpsS Adn-hn\\\\pw {]m]vXn\u00b0pw \u00ffm\\\\-\u00d8n-\\\\p-a-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev hnizm-kn-I\u0192\u00b0v Ah-Im-ihpw Nne-t\u220fm\u0192 IS-a-bp-ap-\u2260v.'' ]Xn-\\\\\u00a9mw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS H\u2202mw JWvUn-I- A-\\\\p-k-c-W-sa\u2202 IS-a-sb-\u220f\u2030n Hm\u00bf\u2126n-\u220fn-\u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192, 74","AtX Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS c\u2260mw JWvUnI hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Bh-iy-\u00df\u0192 A[n-Im-cn-Isf Adn-bn-\u00b0p-hm- \\\\p\u2248 Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i-s\u00d8-\u220f\u2030n {]Xn-]m-Zn-\u00b0p-\u2202p. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Ah-Imiw \u02db {]tXy-I-am-bn\u00b4pw B\u2264ym\ufb02- nI- a- mb- n\u00b4- p\u2248- Xv \u02db k`m[- nI- mc- nI- sf Ah\u00bf Adnb- n\u00b0- pt- \u00bam\u0192, B AhI- miw \u02db AXv \\\\ymbhpw \\\\nba- m\\\\- pk- rX- a- p\u2248- Xpw hnizmk- nI- f- psS B\u2264ym\ufb02- nI D\u2202X- n\u00b0v D]I- c- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- pa- mb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- nS- t- \u00d8mfw Imew \u02db \\\\S\u00d8- ns- \u00b0mS- p\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- p\u2248 D\u00d8c- h- mZ- nXzw k`m[- nI- mc- nI- \u0192\u00b0pa- p\u2260- v. CtX Imt\\\\m\\\\- b- psS aq\u2202mw `mKw hnizmk- nI- \u0192\u00b0p\u2248 as\u2030mcp AhI- mi- s- \u00d8bpw ISa- s- bbpw Ipdn\u00ae- p\u2248- X- mWv: AXmb- X- v, X\u00dff- psS A`n{- ]mbw k`m[- nI- mc- nI- sf Adnb- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- p\u2248 Ahc- psS AhI- mi- hpw ISa- b- pw. Cu Ah- Imi- hpw ISa- bpw \\\\n\u00bfhl- n\u00b0- pt- \u00bam\u0192 Hm\u00bf\u00d8nc- nt- \u00b0\u2260 Nne {][m\\\\- s- \u220f\u00b4 Imcy\u00df- fpw \\\\n_\u2018- \\\\- I- fpw Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\ hy\u2021a- m\u00b0- p\u2202- p\u2260- v: \\\"\\\"AXv hnizmk- \u00d8- ns- \u201abpw [m\u00bf\u2126nI- X- b- ps- Sbpw ka{- KX- bv\u00b0pw AtX CSb- \u2211- mt- cmS- p\u2248 _lpa- m\\\\- \u00d8- n\\\\pw X\u00b0X- mb ]cnK- W- \\\\ \\\\evIns- \u00b0m\u2260- pw s]mX- p\\\\- \u2211- bpw hy\u2021nI- - fpsS ]Zh- nbpw IW\u00b0- ns- eS- p\u00d8- ps- Im\u2260pw'' Bbnc- n\u00b0- Ww F\u2202X- mWv B \\\\n_\u2018- \\\\- I- \u0192. ]Xn-\\\\\u00a9mw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bnse Cu aq\u2202v `mK-\u00dffpw Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-]-WvUn-X-cpsS shdpw I\u2260p-]n-Sn- \u00d8-a\u221a; {]Xyp-X, c\u2260mw h\u00d8n-\u00b0m\u2265 kq\\\\-l-tZm-kns\u201a P\\\\-X-I-fpsS {]Imiw F\u2202 {]am-W-tc-J- bnse ]T-\\\\-\u00df-fn\u00ac ImWp-\u2202-h-X-s\u2202-bm-Wv. Cu {]am-W-tc-J-bnse aq\u220f-\u00d8n-tbgmw JWvUn-I-bn\u00ac \\\\mw C\u00dfs\\\\ hmbn\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"{InkvXph- ns\u201a {]Xn]- pc- pj- \u2211- mcpw k`b- nse D]t- Zj- vSm\u00b0- fpw `cW- I- \u00bf\u00d8m- \u00b0fpw F\u2202 \\\\nebv\u00b0v AP-]m-e-I\u00bf \\\\n\u203a-bn-\u00b0p-\u2202-sX\u221amw {InkvXo-b-amb A\\\\p-k-c-W-t\u00d8msS A\ufb02m- bcpw as\u2030\u221am hnizm-kn-Itfbpw-t]mse Xs\u2202 tkm\u2019mlw kzoI-cn-\u00b0-Ww. ac-Ww-h-sc-bp\u2248 Xs\u201a A\\\\pk- c- W- \u00d8- m\u00ac ssZh]- p{- X\u2211- mc- psS kzmX{- \u00a5y\u00d8- nt- e\u00b0- p\u2248 A\\\\p{- Kl- oX- a- m\u00bf\u00a7w sh\u00b4n\u00d8- pd\u2202- pX\u2202 {InkvXp-hns\u201a amXrI Ah\u00bf A\\\\p-I-cn-\u00b0-s\u00b4.'' 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GXm-bmepw sa{Xm\u2265 D]-k-an-Xn-bpsS \\\\nb-a-\\\\hpw B kan-Xn-\\\\-S-\u00d8nb N\u00bf\u00ae-I-sf-\u220f-\u2030n-bp\u2248 hna-X-t\\\\-Xm-\u00b0-fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw k`-bpsS HutZym-Kn-I-`m-K-\u00d8p-\\\\n\u2202v N\u00bf\u00aem-hn-j-b-\u00dffpw D]-k-an-Xn-bpsS e\u00a3y-\u00dffpw {]kn-\u2264o-I-cn-\u00b0m-Xn-cp-\u2202- Xpw, kwKXn IqSp-X\u00ac hj-fm-\u00b0p-I-bmWv sNbvX-sX\u2202v Nne-sc-\u00b6nepw Nn\u00a5n-\u00b0p-\u2202p\u2260v F\u2202-XmWv hkvXp-X. AXp-t]m-se-X-s\u2202, Hcp sa{Xm\u2265 kanXn A\ufb02m-b-t\\\\-Xm-\u00b0-tfmSv N\u00bf\u00ae sN\u00f8p-t\u00bam\u0192, AXn- cq-]-X-bnse \\\"Im-\u00d8-enIv' Bbn cq]-Xm-t\\\\-XrXzw AwKo-I-cn\u00ae kwL-S-\\\\-bpsS \\\\nb-a-{]-Imcw Xnc- s\u2122-Sp-\u00b0-s\u220f\u00b4 AwK-\u00df-tfm-SmWv N\u00bf\u00ae sNt\u00f8-\u2260-Xv. P\\\\-X-I-fpsS {]Imiw 37-\u02dbmw JWvUn-I-bn\u00ac AXv hy\u2021-am-\u00b0n-bn-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202Xv apI-fn\u00ac \\\\mw D\u2264-cn-\u00ae-Xm-Wv. F\u2202m\u00ac AXn-cq-]Xm `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I\u0192 AwKo-I-cn-\u00aev, kz\u00a5-amb \\\\nb-am-hen A\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev Xnc-s\u2122-Sp-\u00b0-s\u220f\u00b4 A\ufb02m-b -t\\\\-XrXz \\\\nc-bp-ambn kwh-Zn-\u00b0p\u2202Xn\\\\v ]I-cw, k`sb inYn-e-am-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 k`m-hn-cp\u2264 i\u2021n-I-fn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw A\u00aem-cw-hm-\u00dfn, ]\u00a5w-sIm-fp\u00d8n {]I-S-\\\\hpw taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj-\u220fn-s\u201abpw km{\u00b5n ]nXm-hn-s\u201abpw tImew I\u00d8n-\u00b0- epw -\\\\-S-\u00d8p-Ibpw an\u00b0 Znh-k-\u00df-fnepw \\\\h-am-\u2264y-a-\u00df-fn-eqsS k`m-t\\\\-Xr-Xzs\u00d8 sh\u221ap-hn-fn-\u00b0p-Ibpw AS-\u00aem-t\u00a3-]n-\u00b0p-Ibpw sN\u00f8p-\u2202-h-tcmSv N\u00bf\u00ae sNbvXXv shfp-\u00b0m\u2265 tX\u00aeXv ]m\u2260mbn F\u2202v ]d-\u2122- Xp-t]mse Bbn-\u00d8o\u00bf\u2202n-t\u221a-sb\u2202v k`m-[n-Im-cn-I\u0192 B\ufb02-]-cn-tim-[\\\\ \\\\S-t\u00d8-\u2260-Xp-\u2260v. A\ufb02m-b-cpsS Ah-Im-i-\u00df-sfbpw IS-a-I-sfbpw hni-Zo-I-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 Cu teJ-\\\\-\u00d8n\u00ac ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8nse ]Xn-t\\\\gmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ hni-Zo-I-cn-t\u00b0-\u2260Xv AXy-\u00a5m-t]-\u00a3n-X-amWv: \\\"\\\"X\u00df-fpsS kzbm-[n-Im-c-k-`-bpsS \\\\n_-\u2018-\\\\-I\u0192\u00b0-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev ssZhm-cm-[\\\\ \\\\S-\u00d8p-\u2202-Xn\\\\pw k`-bpsS {]t_m-[- \\\\-\u00df\u0192\u00b0-\\\\p-kr-X-ambn X\u00df-fpsS B\u2264ym-\ufb02n-I -Po-hn-X-coXn ]ns\u00a9-\u221ap-\u2202-Xn\\\\pw ss{IkvX-h-hn-izm- kn-I\u0192\u00b0v Ah-Im-i-ap-\u2260v.'' as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d-\u2122m\u00ac, F\u221am kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`mw-K-\u00df-fp-sSbpw ASn-\u00ffm-\\\\-]-c-amb Ah-Im-i-amWv (fundamental right) kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS kn\\\\Uv AwKo-I- cn\u00aev, ]cn-ip\u2264 knwlm-k-\\\\-\u00d8ns\u201a k\u2126-X-t\u00d8msS, taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv hnfw-_cw sNbvXv \\\\S-\u220fn- em-\u00b0nb hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-b\u00bf\u220fWcoXn A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00aep\u2248 hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-b\u00bf\u220f-W-\u00d8n\u00ac ]\u00b6p-tN- cpIsb\u2202-Xv. kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bnse hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Cu Ah-Im-i-s\u00d8-bmWv Fd-Wm-Ip-fw-\u02db-A- \u00b6-amen AXn-cq-]-X-bnse `qcn-`mKw hcp\u2202 sshZn-I\u00bf Nhn-\u00b4n-sa-Xn-\u00aep-sIm-\u2260n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. \\\\nb-a-ew-L\\\\w Ah-km-\\\\n-\u220fn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\pw \\\\nb-a-ew-L-I\u00bfs\u00b0Xn-sc Im\u00bf\u00b0iyw (akribeia) Bh-iy-ambn h\u2202m\u00ac in\u00a3m- \\\\n-b-a-\u00d8n-s\u201abpw (penal law) in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-I-fp-sSbpw (penal procedure) D]-tbm-K-\u00d8n-te\u00b0v IS-\u2202p- 76","sIm\u2260v \\\\nb-a-hmgvN (rule of law) AXn-cq-]-X-bn\u00ac \\\\S-\u220fn\u00ac hcp-\u00d8p-hm\\\\pw C\\\\nbpw Aam-\u00a5n-\u00b0p- \u2202Xv IqSp-X\u00ac A]-I-S-\u00d8n-te\u00b0v \\\\bn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\mWv km\u2264y-X. \\\\nb-a-ew-L\\\\w \\\\S-\u00d8p\u2202Xv Bcm-bn-cp- \u2202mepw, AXv I\u00d8o-{U\u00ac]\u2248n hnImcn Bbn-cp-\u2202m\u00ac t]mepw, 1390-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS \\\\memw \\\\\u00ba- dn\u00ac ]d-bp\u2202 \\\"\\\"CS-b-[\u00bf\u2126-\u00df-fn-ep\u2248 Kuc-h-amb Dt]-\u00a3tbm IS-a-I-fpsS ewL-\\\\tam'' F\u2202 hIp- \u220fp-am-{X-a-\u221a, {]XypX 1473-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-b-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev thW-sa-\u00b6nepw \\\"\\\"Xncp-\u220f\u00b4w, DtZym-Kw, ip{iqj As\u221a- \u00b6n\u00ac as\u2030mcp Npa-Xe F\u2202n-h-bpsS hn\\\\n-tbm-K-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-Xs\\\\ XS-bp-\u2202-Xn\\\\v'' A\u220f- kvtXme- nIv AUvan\\\\- nk- vt{S\u2030- d- n\\\\v Ignb- pw. hn. ]utemkv \u00abolm tdmam\u00b0- m\u00bf\u00b0p\u2248 teJ\\\\- \u00d8- n\u00ac hy\u2021- am-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xp-t]mse A[n-Im-cn-I\u0192 \\\"\\\"hm\u0192 [cn-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202Xv shdp-sX-b\u221a'' (tdma 13:1\u02db5) F\u2202v F\u221am- h\u00bf\u00b0pw a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-I-W-sa-\u00b6n\u00ac in\u00a3m-\\\\n-b-a-\u00dffpw in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-Ifpw (penal law and penal proce- dure) Im\\\\\u2265\\\\n-b-a-\u00d8n\u00acs\u220f-Sp-\u00d8n-bn-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202Xv shdpw Ae-\u00b6m-c-\u00d8n-\\\\p-th-\u2260n-b\u221a F\u2202 t_m\u2264yw Ah\u00bf\u00b0pw Bh-iy-am-Wv. sshZn-I\u00bf\u00b0pw k\\\\y-kvX\u00bf\u00b0pw A\ufb02m-b\u00bf\u00b0p-ap\u2248 as\u2030m-c-h-Im-i-amWv kwL-S-\\\\m-kzm-X{\u00a5yw F\u2202v ]Xn-s\\\\\u00b4mw Imt\\\\m\\\\ hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p-\u2202p-\u2260v. F\u2202m\u00ac A\u00df-s\\\\-bp\u2248 kwL-S-\\\\-I\u0192\u00b0v \\\"\\\"It\u00d8m-en\u00b0m'' F\u2202 t]cn-\\\\\u00bfl-X-bp-\u2260m-I-W-sa-\u00b6n\u00ac \\\"\\\"X\u00b0 k`m-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS'' k\u2126Xw Bh-iy-am-sW\u2202v ]s\u00d8m\u2265]Xmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\bpw hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"D]-hnbpw `\u2021nbpw e\u00a3y-am-\u00b0ntbm temI-\u00d8n\u00ac {InkvXob ssZhh- nfn ]cnt- ]mj- n\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\- mb- nt\u00b4m kwLS- \\\\- I- \u0192 \u00ffm]n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\pw \\\\S\u00d8- p\u2202- - Xn\\\\pw AXpt- ]ms- eX- s\u2202 e\u00a3y{- ]m]- vXn\u00b0- mbn Hcpa- n\u00aev {]h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- mbn kt\u2126f- \\\\w IqSp\u2202- X- n\\\\pw ss{IkvXh- h- ni- zmk- nI- \u0192\u00b0v kzmX{- \u00a5ya- p\u2260- v'' (CCEO c.18). \\\"\\\"k`b- psS ZuXy\u00d8- n\u00ac F\u221am ss{IkvXh- - hni- zmk- nI- fpw ]\u00b6p]- \u2030- p\u2202- X- n\\\\- m\u00ac X\u00dff- psS ]Zh- n\u00b0pw Ah\u00ff- bv\u00b0pw (state and condition) A\\\\p- krX- a- mb- n, X\u00dff- pt- SX- mb kwcw`- \u00df- f- ne- qsS A\u220fk- vtXme- nI {]h\u00bf\u00d8\\\\- s\u00d8 t{]m\u2019ml- n\u220f- n\u00b0- ph- m- \\\\pw klmb- n\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw Ah\u00bf\u00b0v AhI- mi- a- p\u2260- v. F\u2202nc- p\u2202- mepw k`m[- nI- mc- nI- f- psS k\u2126Xw e`n\u00b0- m- \u00d8]- \u00a3w Hcp kwcw`- \u00d8- n\\\\pw \\\"It\u00d8men\u00b0' (catholic) F\u2202 t]cn\\\\v A\u00bflX- b- p\u2260- mh- pI- b- n\u221a'' (CCEO c.19). Hcp kwLS- \\\\- bvt\u00b0m kwcw`- \u00d8- nt\\\\m k`m[- nI- mc- nI- f- psS AwKoI- mcw In\u00b4p\u2202X- n\\\\p\u2248 \\\\n_\u2018- - \\\\I- \u0192 921 apX\u00ac 923 hscb- p\u2248 Imt\\\\m\\\\- I- f- n\u00ac {]Xn]- mZ- n\u00ae- n\u00b4- p\u2260- v. 3.2. A\ufb02m-b-cpsS {]tXyI Ah-Im-i-\u00dffpw IS-a-I-fpw A\ufb02m-b-cpsS {]tXy-I-amb Ah-Im-i-\u00dffpw IS-a-Ifpw 401 apX\u00ac 409 hsc-bp\u2248 Imt\\\\m-\\\\-I-fn- emWv hniZ- oI- c- n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- v. 401\u02db- mw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"A\ufb02mb- \u00bf BZya- mbn ssZh- cmPyw At\\\\z-jn-t\u00b0-\u2260Xv X\u00df-fpsS ssZh-hn-fn-bpsS `mK-ambn `uXn-I-Im-cy-\u00df\u0192 ssZh-]-\u2264-Xn-{]- Imcw \\\\n\u00bfh-ln\u00aepw {Iao-I-cn-\u00aepw-sIm-\u2260m-Wv. AXp-sIm\u2260v X\u00df-fpsS kzIm-cy-\u02db-Ip-Spw-_-\u02db-cm-jv{So-b-\u02db- km-aq-lnI Pohn-X-\u00d8n\u00ac Ah\u00bf {InkvXp-hn\\\\v km\u00a3yw hln-\u00b0p-Ibpw {InkvXp-hns\\\\ a\u2030p-\u2248-h\u00bf\u00b0v shfn-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8p-Ibpw kaq-l-\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\ymb-amb \\\\nb-a-\u00df\u0192\u00b0mbn \\\\ne-sIm-\u2248p-Ibpw hnizm-kw, ic- Ww, D]hn F\u2202nh {]k-cn-\u220fn-\u00aep-sIm\u2260v temI-\u00d8ns\u201a hnip-\u2264o-I-c-W-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn ]pfn-am-hp-t]mse {]h\u00bf\u00d8n-\u00b0p-Ibpw thWw.'' Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\ hni-Zo-I-cn-\u00aep-sIm\u2260v \\\"\\\"]uckvXy k`-I-fpsS Imt\\\\m-\\\\- I\u0192 k`m Pohn-X-\u00d8n\u00ac'' F\u2202 {K\u0178w C\u00dfs\\\\ {]kvXm-hn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"A\ufb02m-b-cpsS ssZh-hn-fnbpw ZuXyhpw Fs\u00a5\u2202v Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\ hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p-\u2202p. `uXn-I-X-e-\u00d8n\u00ac F\u221am-\u00b0m-cy-\u00dffpw ssZth-jvS- {]-Imcw {Iao-I-cn-\u00b0p-Ibpw A{]-Imcw ssZh-cmPyw At\\\\z-jn-\u00b0p-I-bp-amWv Ah-cpsS ZuXyw. Ah- cpsS kzIm-cy-Po-hn-X-\u00d8nepw IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-\u00d8nepw cmjv{So-bhpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb Xe-\u00df-fnepw {InkvXp-\\\\m-Y\\\\v km\u00a3n-I-fm-Ip-hm\u2265 Ah\u00bf ]cn-{i-an-\u00b0-Ww. \\\\oXn-]q\u00bfh-I-amb Hcp kmaq-lnI hyh- \u00ffn-Xn-\u00b0p-th\u2260n \\\\ne-sIm-\u2248m\\\\pw A\u00dfs\\\\ `qan-bpsS D\u220fpw ]pfn-am-hp-ambn\u00d8o\u00bf\u2202v AXns\u201a hnip- \u2264o-I-c-W-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn ]cn-{i-an-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw, A\ufb02m-b\u00bf\u00b0v IS-a-bp-ap\u2260v'' (t]Pv 335-\u02db336). k`-bpsS {]t_m-[-\\\\m-[n-Imcw (magisterium) \\\\evIp\u2202 ]T-\\\\-\u00df\u0192\u00b0-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aepw X\u00df-fpsS ]T-\\\\- \u00dfsf k`m-]-T-\\\\-ambn Ah-X-cn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202Xv Hgn-hm-\u00b0n-s\u00b0m\u2260pw thWw A\ufb02m-b\u00bf {]h\u00bf\u00d8n-t\u00b0-\u2260- sX\u2202v 402-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ Hm\u00bf\u2126n-\u220fn-\u00b0p\u2202Xn-\u00df-s\\\\-bmWv: \\\"\\\"`uanI \\\\K-c-\u00d8ns\u201a Imcy-\u00df-fn\u00ac F\u221am ]uc- \u2211m\u00bf\u00b0p-ap\u2248 kzmX{\u00a5yw X\u00df\u0192\u00b0pw AwKo-I-cn\u00aev In\u00b4p-hm\u2265 A\ufb02m-b-cmb {InkvXo-b-hn-izm-kn-I\u0192\u00b0v Ah-Im-i-ap-\u2260v. F\u2202n-cp-\u2202mepw Ah\u00bf C\u00df-s\\\\-bp\u2248 kzmX{\u00a5yw hn\\\\n-tbm-Kn-\u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192 X\u00df-fpsS {]h\u00bf\u00d8-\\\\-\u00df\u0192 kphn-ti-jm-cq-]n-bm\u00ac \\\\nd-\u2122-Xm-bn-cn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 {i\u2264n-t\u00b0-\u2260Xpw k`-bpsS {]t_m- [\\\\- m[- nI- mcw \\\\evIp\u2202 ]T\\\\- \u00df- \u0192 IW\u00b0ns- eS- pt- \u00b0\u2260- X- pa- mW- v. F\u2202m\u00ac ]e A`n{- ]mb- \u00df- f- p\u2248 {]iv\\\\- \u00df-fn\u00ac X\u00df-fp-sS-Xs\u2202 A`n-{]mbw k`-bpsS ]T-\\\\-ambn Ah-X-cn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202Xv Ah\u00bf Hgn-hm-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xm- Wv.'' It\u00d8m-en\u00b0m Xncp-\u00a0-`-bn\u00ac HutZym-Kn-I-ambn ]Tn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 Ah-Imiw am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220fbv\u00b0pw A\u220fkvtXme ]n\u2265Km-an-I-fmb sa{Xm-\u2211m\u00bf\u00b0pw am{X-am-Wv. 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Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- , sshZnI- c- psS Imt\\\\m\\\\- \\\\- a- k- Iv m- cw, acn\u00ae- h- c- psS tij{- Inb- I- \u0192, ]m\u00b4pd- wi- BZnb- mb Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- \u00df- \u0192\u00b0v hniZ- a- mbn FgpX- s- \u220f\u00b4 \\\\nba- - \u00df\u0192 C\u221amX- nc- p\u2202Xp\\\\nan\u00d8w Hmtcm \u00ffe\u00df- f- n\u00ac hyXyk- Xv a- mb coXnb- n\u00ac \\\\S\u2202p hcnI- b- mWv sNbXv n- cp\u2202- X- .v Bcm[- \\\\- {- Iaw kw_\u2018- n\u00aev CXv F{Xh- e- nb \\\\yq\\\\X- b- mb- nc- p\u2202p F\u2202v ]dt- b\u2260- b- n\u221a- t- \u221am. AXn- \\\\m\u00ac {]ntbmc- \u00ae- s\u201a {i\u2264 k\u00bfh{- ][- m\\\\- a- mbn Cu kwKX- nb- n\u00ac ]Xn\u2122- p. C\u2202v ae\u00b6- c- k- `- b- n\u00ac \\\\S\u220f- ne- nc- n- \u00b0p\u2202 ta\u00ac\u220fd- \u2122 Hmtcm {Ia\u00df- fpw kw_\u2018- n\u00ae- p\u2248 {Ia]- \u2264- Xn At\u00b1lw Xs\u2202 FgpXn \\\\S\u220f- n\u00ac hcp- \u00d8nb- n\u00b4- p\u2248- X- mI- p\u2202- p'' (ht- ec- nb- \u2265 \u03c0mt\u00d8m\u00b4- w, ae\u00b6- c- k- `mamXmh- ns\u201a Hcp hock- \u00a5- m\\\\w AYhm h. Znhy{io Nmhd Ipcymt- \u00b0mkv Genb- mk- \u00ae- \u2265, am\u2202m\\\\w 1938, 2013, t]Pv 219). At\u00b1lw XpS\u00bfs\u2202g- pX- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ kw_\u2018- n\u00ae- p\u2248 {Ia\u00df- \u0192 XIkv b- n\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 \\\\eIv s- \u220f\u00b4- n\u00b4- p- \u2260.v F\u2202m\u00ac Ah Xptemw kw\u00a3n]- Xv hpw X\u2202na- n\u00d8w A`n{- ]mb- h- yX- ymk- \u00d8- n\\\\v ImcW- `- qX- h- pa- mI- - bm\u00ac Ah hniZ- oI- c- nt- \u00b0\u2260- Xv Hgn\u00ae- pI- qS- m\u00d8 Hcmhi- ya- mb- n\u00d8- o\u00bf\u2202p. AXn\\\\- m\u00ac _\u00bfWUot- \\\\mkv sa{Xm- t\u220fme- o\u00d8- mb- psS A\\\\pa- X- nt- bmS- pI- qSn t\u00a2imh- l- a- mb Cu tPmen {]ntbmc- \u00ae- \\\\- mWv \\\\n\u00bfhl- n\u00ae- X- .v '' t]mcq- \u00b0c {]ntbmc- \u00ae- \u2265 Xs\u201a \\\\mfmK- a- \u00d8- n\u00ac X\u00ackw_- \u2018- a- mbn C{]I- mcw tcJs- \u220fS- p\u00d8- nb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"s]. _. {]ntbmc- \u00ae- \u2265 Xncp\\\\- mf- n\\\\- mb- n\u00b4- ph- \u2202- p, IqsS \\\\\u2126psS Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b\u00b0v v \u00ffnca- mb- Xpw F\u221am\u2030- nt- \u2211epw ]d- bp\u2202- X- pa- mb {Iaa- n\u221a- mb- Iv b- m\u00ac XIkv t- bmSv tN\u00bf\u2202ps- Im\u2260pw, entKmcn ae]v ms\u201a ]T\\\\- wt- ]ms- ebpw FgpX- nb- p\u2260- m\u00b0- W- s- a\u2202- pw, XIkv mb- n\u00ac Cuc\u00bf\u221ea- mb- n\u00b4pw X\u00bf\u00b0a- mb- n\u00b4pw Ccn\u00b0- p\u2202sXms- \u00b0bpw t_m[- km\u00a3- nt- ]mse FgpX- ns- \u00b0m\u2248- W- s- a\u2202- p\u2248 Ie]v \\\\- {- ]I- mc- w, Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- psS {Iaw FgpX- nb- p\u2260- m\u00b0- nb- Xv IqsS sIm\u2260- ph- \u2202- nc- p\u2202- p. F\u221am\u00b0- mc- y\u00df- \u0192\u00b0pw kwib- \u00d8- n\\\\- nS- b- n\u221a- msX F\u221am\u2030- nt- \u2211epw ]db- p\u2202- X- mI- - bm\u00ac F\u221amh- \u00bf\u00b0pw hfsc kt\u00a5mj- a- mbn'' (t]Pv 219\u02db- 220). as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122- m\u00ac \\\"Xq\u00b0mk' F\u2202v ]db- p\u2202- Xv hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- \u00bf\u220fn\u00b0- pt- \u00bam\u0192 ]ment- \u00b0\u2260 \\\\nba- \u00df- \u0192 AYhm \\\"dq{_nIkv 'v (ru- brics) BW.v CXv Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 FgpX- nb- p\u2260- m\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv kpdnb- m\\\\n It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- c- psS hnImc- n- P\\\\- d- mf- mbn Iq\\\\\u2126- mh- n\u00ac Xmak- n\u00ae- nc- p\u2202 ImeL- \u00b4- \u00d8- ne- mW- .v AXn\\\\- m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 1864\u02db- 1865 ImeL- \u00b4- \u00d8- ne- mb- nc- n\u00b0- Ww \\\"Xq\u00b0mk' FgpX- s- \u220f\u00b4- X- .v GXmb- mepw Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s\u201a Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ A\u00bf\u220fW- {- Ia- \u00d8- n\\\\v kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- n\u00ac Hcp \\\\q\u2030m\u2260v Imet- \u00d8mfw henb Hcp \u00ffm\\\\a- p\u2260- mb- nc- p\u2202p F\u2202v Ncn{Xw km\u00a3n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. 1866 \u00ac hcm\u220f- pg sa{Xmt- \u220fme- o\u00d8 s_\u00bfWU- n\u2265 _m\u00aens- \\\\\u221a- n, Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s\u201a \\\"\\\"aeb- mf- `- mj- b- n\u00ac FgpX- nb- nc- n- \u00b0p\u2202 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- {- Iaw F\u221amh- \u00bf\u00b0pw a\\\\\u00a0- ne- mI- ph- m\u2265 X\u00b0h- \u00c6w Iq\u00b4a- mb- ns- \u00b4\u00b6- nepw X\\\\ns- \u00ae\u00b6- nepw hmbn- \u220fn\u00b0- pI- bpw thWw'' F\u2202v Ie]v \\\\- b- nd- \u00b0- n. ho\u2260pw 1926 sk]\u2030v w_- \u00bf 10\u02db- mw XobXn, FdW- mI- pfw AXn- cq]- Xm sa{Xmt- \u220fme- o\u00d8 am\u00bf AK\u00c3- n\u2265 I\u2260\u00d8- n\u00ac Xs\u201a Ie]v \\\\- b- n\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"\\\\\u2126psS do\u00d8\\\\- pk- c- n\u00ae- p\u2248 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- {- Ia- \u00df- \u0192'' \\\"\\\"kpdnb- m\\\\- n{- Ia- \u00d8- nse ]qPI- \u00bf\u2126\u00df- \u0192'' F\u2202 t]tcmS- pI- qSn A\u00ae- Sn\u00ae- n\u00b4- p\u2248 Xq\u00b0mk ]pkXv I- \u00d8- n\u00ac ]d\u2122- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- {- ]I- mcw \\\\S\u00d8- W- s- a\u2202pw \\\\S\u00d8- n\u00b0- W- s- a\u2202pw 1925 \\\\hw_- d- n\u00ac Chns- S\u00b0- qS- nb \\\\\u2126psS sa{Xm\u2211- mc- psS kwL\u00d8- n\u00ac Xocpa- m\\\\- n\u00ae- n\u00b4- p\u2248- X- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev ]\u00b4\u00b0- ms- c- \u221amh- cpw CXn\u00ac ]d\u2122- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 {Ia\u00df- \u0192 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- n\u00ac A\\\\pk- c- n\u00ae- ps- Imt- \u2248\u2260- X- mW- 'v ' (ht- ec- nb- \u2265, t]Pv 222). 1962 se ]cnj- Iv c- n\u00ae kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS XIkv m \\\\neh- n\u00ac hcp\u2202- X- ph- sc hnip\u2264 Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s\u201a \\\"\\\"Xq\u00b0mk'' A\\\\pk- c- n\u00ae- mb- nc- p\u2202p kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bfk`b- ne- mI- a- m\\\\w sshZnI- \u00bf hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- \u00bf\u220fn\u00ae- nc- p- \u2202X- .v Ncn{Xw ]cnt- im[- n\u00ae- m\u00ac 1968 se aeb- mf- \u00d8- ne- p\u2248 XIkv \\\\S\u220f- n\u00ac h\u2202X- n\\\\- pt- ijw am{Xa- mWv kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf sshZnI- \u00bf \\\"\\\"Xq\u00b0mk'' AhK- W- n\u00aepXpS\u00df- nb- s- X\u2202v ImWmw. Npcp\u00b0- n\u220f- d- \u2122- m\u00ac, hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- psS A\u00bf\u220fW- c- oX- nb- nse GIoI- c- Ww kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k` apgph- \\\\- mbpw \\\\S\u220f- ne- m\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 klm- 82","bn\u00ae H\u2202mb- nc- p\u2202p hnip\u2264 Nmhd- \u220f- nX- mh- ns\u201a \\\"\\\"Xq\u00b0mk''. CXpt- ]mse Hcp GI- oI- c- W- \u00d8- n\\\\- mbn 2000\u02db- epw 2021\u02db- epw kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf kn\\\\Uv \\\\S\u00d8- nb ]cn{- ia- \u00df- \u0192 C\u2202pw ]q\u00bf\u00c6h- nP- b- \u00d8- ns- e\u00d8- nb- n\u00b4- n\u221a- . F\u2202m\u00ac 1599 apX\u00ac 1864 hscb- p\u2248 c\u2260c \\\\q\u2030m\u2260v ImeL- \u00b4- \u00d8- nse hyXyk- Xv \u00df- f- mb A\u00bf\u220fW- c- oX- nI- sf Xs\u201a Hcp {K\u0178\u00d8- ne- qsS GtIm]- n\u220f- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 Ipcymt- \u00b0mkv Genb- mkv Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s- \\\\\u2202 hnip\u2264- \\\\v \\\\nj{v ]b- mkw Igns- \u2122\u00b6- n\u00ac, AXv At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a hnip\u2264- nbpw k`mk- a- ql- \u00d8- n\u00ac At\u00b1l- \u00d8- n\\\\- p\u2248 \u00ffm\\\\_lpa- m\\\\- - \u00dffpw ImcW- a- ms- W\u2202- X- n\\\\v bmsXmcp kwib- h- pa- n\u221a- . Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s\u201a \u00ffm\\\\w kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- nse kIe- c- ps- Sbpw lrZb- \u00d8- ne- mb- nc- p\u2202- p. 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AXps- Im\u2260- p- Xs- \u2202b- mWv \\\"\\\"Xq\u00b0mk''bv\u00b0ptijw aq\u2202v sshZnI- \u00bf sNm\u221a- p\u2202 \\\"\\\"kvX]\u00a0- pI- p\u00bf_m\\\\''bptSbpw Xncp- \\\\mfpIfpsS Xte\\\\- m\u0192 sNm\u221a- p\u2202 \\\"\\\"thk]v c'' F\u2202 t]cne- d- nb- s\u220fS- p\u2202 BtLmj- a- mb kmbm\u201d- {- ]m\u00bf\u221e- \\\\b- ps- Sbpw {Ia\u00df- fpw FgpXn \\\\S\u220f- ne- m\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \\\\v km[n\u00ae- X- .v kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS en\u2030\u00bfPn- \u00b0p\u2248 Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s\u201a AXpe- ya- mb as\u2030mcp kw`mh- \\\\- b- mb- nc- p\u2202p At\u00b1lw D\u2260m\u00b0n A\u00aeS- n\u00ae- nd- \u00b0- nb \\\"\\\"kpdn- bm\\\\- n{- Ia- ]- \u00a9- mwKw'' AYhm kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf ]\u00a9mwK- w. Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 ]meb- \u00b0v e- \u00ae- s\u201a Iogn\u00ac ]\u2248n\u220f- pdw skan\\\\- mc- nb- n\u00ac ]Tn\u00ae- nc- p\u2202 Ime\u00d8- pX- s\u2202 Bcw- `n\u00ae Hcp henb kwcw`- a- mb- nc- p\u2202p ]uckXv y kpdnb- m\\\\n Imt\\\\m\\\\\\\\ak- Iv mc t{ImUoI- c- W- w. \\\"\\\"lqZd'', Iitv \u00b0m\u00ac'', \\\"\\\"K\u00a0m'', \\\"\\\"\u00b0mem'' F\u2202o \\\\mep ]pkXv I- \u00df- f- ne- mb- n\u00b0- nS- \u00b0- p\u2202 {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v Hmtcm Znhk- hpw sNmt- \u221a\u2260 {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- \u0192 Xncs- \u2122S- p\u00d8v sNm\u221a- pI F\u2202Xv {iaI- c- a- mb- nc- p\u2202- X- ps- Im\u2260v ]e sshZnI- cpw Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s\u201a ImeL- \u00b4- \u00d8- n\u00ac bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- s- Nm\u221a- p\u2202- Xv Hgnh- m\u00b0- pI- bpw sNbXv nc- p\u2202Xv At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a {i\u2264b- n\u00acs]\u00b4- nc- p\u2202p Xm\\\\pw. ]uckXv y Xncp\u00a0- wLw ap\u2265ssIs- bS- p\u00d8v kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`mwK- \u00df- \u0192\u00b0pw I\u00acZmb k`b- \u00b0v pa- mbn _UPv m\u2265 FUn\u2030v sNbXv v aq\u2202v hmey\u00df- f- mbn ]uckXv y kpdnb- m\\\\n Imt\\\\m\\\\- \\\\- a- k- Iv mcw {]n\u201a v sNbXv v {]kn\u2264- oI- c- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv 1939\u02db- \u00ac am{Xa- ms- W\u2202- X- mWv hkXv p- X. Cu ]\u203am\u00d8- e- \u00d8- n\u00ac thWw, kpdnb- m\\\\- n\u00b0- mc- ps- S- hnI- mcn P\\\\d- m\u0192 F\u2202 \\\\neb- n\u00ac, hnip\u2264 Nmhd- - \u220fnX- mhv A\u2202p\u2260- mb- nc- p\u2202 a\u2030v kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf ae]v m\u2211- msc Iq\\\\\u2126- mh- n\u00ac hnfn\u00aev Iq\u00b4n Aht- ch- s- cbpw {ihn\u00ae- t- ijw F\u221amh- \u00bf\u00b0pw _p\u2264na- p\u00b4v IqSmsX sNm\u221a- ph- m\u2265 ]mI\u00d8- n\\\\v Imt\\\\m\\\\- \\\\- a- k- Iv mcw kpdnb- m- \\\\nb- n\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 FgpX- nb- p\u2260- m\u00b0- pI- bpw AXv s{]m\u220fK- m\u00a5 Xncp\u00a0- wL- \u00d8- ns\u201a AwKoI- mc- \u00d8- n\\\\- mbn tdman- teb- \u00b0v b- b- \u00b0v pI- bpw tdman\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 AXv {]n\u201a v sNbXv v \\\\m\u00b4n\u00ac sIm\u2260- ph- \u2202v F\u221am kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf sshZnI- \u00bf\u00b0pa- mbn hnXc- Ww sN\u00f8ph- m\\\\- m{- Kl- n\u00ae- X- pw. Cu hnjb- s- \u00d8\u220f- \u2030n setbmt- \u220fm\u0192Zv anj\\\\- dn C\u00dfs\\\\ FgpX- nb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"F\u2202m\u00ac CXn\\\\- nS- b- n\u00ac {]ntbmc- \u00ae- \u2265 BIa- m\\\\- \u00d8- n\u00ac ]\u00b4 kpJ\u00b0- m\u00bf\u00b0v F{Xbpw D]I- mc- a- p\u2248 Hcp kwKXn \\\\ndt- h\u2030- pI- bpw sNbXv p. AXmb- Xv kpdnb- m\\\\n \\\\akIv mc- ]- pk- Xv Iw Hmtcmtcm ]\u2248nI- f- n\u00ac ]e hyXymk- a- mb- n\u00b4pw \\\\S\u220f- mb- nc- n\u00b0- b- m\u00ac F\u221amb- nS- \u00d8pw H\u2202n\u220fpw Hcp {Iah- pa- p\u2260- mI- m\u2265th\u2260n \\\\\u2126psS {]ntbmc- \u00ae- \u2265 s]. _. hnImcn A\u220fk- tv Xme- n\u00b0- b- psS Ie]v \\\\- {- ]I- mcw ]eb- nS- \u00d8- p\\\\- n\u2202v ae]v m\\\\- - \u00ae\u2211- msc Iq\\\\\u2126- mh- p\u00b6- \u00ac Iq\u00b4n BtemN- n\u00aev hyXymk- \u00df- s- fms- \u00b0bpw Xo\u00bf\u00d8v A\u00aeS- n\u220f- n\u00b0- W- s- a\u2202- pwh- \u00aev Cu tZl\u00d8- ns\u201a ssIsbg- p\u00d8- mse Xs\u2202 shSn\u220f- mb- n\u00b4pw sXfnh- mb- n\u00b4pw apgph- \u2265 \\\\ak- Iv mc- ]- pk- Xv Iw FgpX- pIbpw sNbXv p. Cu tZlw ip\u2264 ]\u2248nb- psS {Ia\u00df- s- f s- Nms\u2206 \\\\S\u00d8p\u2202- X- n\\\\v F{Xtbm G\u2030n\u00b0- - s\u220f\u00b4 B{Kl- hpw Xme]v c- yh- pa- p\u2248- h- \\\\- mb- nc- p\u2202p F\u2202v Pohn\u00ae- I- me- \u00df- f- n\u00ac sNbXv theI- s- fs- \u00b0m\u2260v F{Xbpw sXfnh- mb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p'' (ht- ec- nb- \u2265, t]Pv 223). Imt\\\\m\\\\- \\\\- a- k- Iv mcw tdmante\u00b0v Ab\u00ae- Xv 1867\u02dbem- Im\\\\- mWv km\u2264yX- . Cu A\\\\pa- m\\\\- \u00d8- n\\\\v ImcWw 1869 sabv 31\u02db- mw XobXn Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 s{]m\u220f- K- m\u00a5 Xncp- \u00a0wL- \u00d8- n\\\\v Ab\u00ae I\u00d8mW- .v AXn\u00ac ]db- p\u2202- X:v \\\"\\\"GXm\u2260v c\u2260v sIm\u221a- wa- p\u00bav tam\u00a8knt- \u2122m\u00bf hp\\\\m\u00bfUv hgn AwKoI- c- W- \u00d8- n\\\\- pt- h\u2260n R\u00df\u0192 Xncp\u00a0- wL- \u00d8- nt- e\u00b0v Ab\u00ae- nc- p\u2202 kpdnb- m\\\\n Imt\\\\m\\\\- \\\\- a- k- Iv m- c\u220f- k- vXIw'' F\u2202XmWv (cf. hni- p\u2264 Nmhd- \u220f- nX- mh- ns\u201a k\u00baq\u00bf\u00c6I- rX- nI- \u0192, 2021 edition, vol. IV: I\u00d8p- I\u0192, t]Pv 53). hnip\u2264 Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s\u201a kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf en\u2030\u00bfPn\u00b0- p\u2248 as\u2030mcp kw`mh- \\\\ ZpxJi\\\\- nb- mg- Nv {- Iaw e\u00d8o\u2265 an\u00a0m- fn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw kpdnb- m\\\\- nb- nt- e\u00b0v X\u00bf\u00f7a sNbXv v ]cni- p\u2264 knwlmk- \\\\- \u00d8- ns\u201a AwKoI- mc- \u00d8- n\\\\- b- - \u00aeX- mW- .v Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s\u201a ImeL- \u00b4- \u00d8- n\u00ac hn`qX- n\u00d8- nc- p\\\\- m\u0192 apX\u00ac ZpxJsh\u2248- nb- mg- Nv h- sc kpdnb- m\\\\n ]\u2248n- If- n\u00ac \\\\neh- ne- nc- p\u2202Xv e\u00d8o\u2265 an\u00a0m- fns\u201a kpdnb- m\\\\n ]cn`- mj- b- mb- nc- p\u2202- p. AXn\\\\m\u00ac, Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s\u201a Cu {]hr\u00d8n Hcp e\u00d8n\\\\- oI- c- Ww F\u2202X- ne- p]- c- n, D]t- bmK- \u00d8- ne- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- \u00d8- ns\u201a Hcp 83","]q\u00bf\u00d8oI- c- Ww am{Xa- mtb ImWm\\\\- mh- q. s{]m\u220f- K- m\u00a5 Xncp\u00a0- wL- \u00d8- ns\u201a A\u2264y\u00a3- \u2265 I\u00bf\u00b1n\\\\- m\u0192 kntam- Wn\u00b0v Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 Ab\u00ae I\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v C\u00b0mcyw hy\u2021a- mW- v. At\u00b1lw C\u00dfs\\\\ FgpX- nb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"CtXmS- pI- qSn henb i\\\\nb- mg- Nv s\u00d8 {Iaw e\u00d8o\u2265 an\u00a0mf- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw X\u00bf\u00f7a sNbXv Xv AwKoI- mc- \u00d8n- \\\\pt- h\u2260n Abb- \u00b0v pI- b- mW- .v F\u00a5ps- Ims- \u2260\u2202- m\u00ac henb i\\\\nb- mg- Nv Z- nh- kw R\u00dff- psS kpdnb- m\\\\- n{- Ia- - \u00d8n\u00ac Ct\u220fm\u0192 tZhme- b- \u00d8- n\u00ac {]tXyI ip{iqj- I- s- fm\u2202- pa- n\u221a- . blqZ- ]- \u2248- nI- \u0192\u00b0pk- a- m\\\\w R\u00dff- psS tZhme- b- \u00df- \u0192 B Znhkw ]q\u00b4n\u00b0- nS- \u00b0- pI- b- mW- .v AXn\\\\- m\u00ac Ignb- p\u2202- X- pwt- hKw CXv R\u00df\u0192\u00b0v AwKo- Ic- n\u00aep XcW- s- a\u2202v At]\u00a3- n\u00b0- p\u2202p\\\"\\\" (Nmh- d- b- \u00ae- s\u201a k\u00baq\u00bf\u00c6I- rX- nI- \u0192, 2021 edition, vol. IV: I\u00d8p- I\u0192, t]Pv 53\u02db54). ZpxJi\\\\- nb- mgvN {Iaw e\u00d8o\u2265k`- b- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v X\u00bf\u00f7a- - sN\u00f8- ph- m\\\\- p\u2260- mb ]\u203am\u00d8- ew htec- nb- \u2265 \u03c0mt\u00d8m\u00b4w Xs\u201a ]pkXv I- \u00d8- n\u00ac ]md\u220f- pd- \u00d8v hm\u00bf\u00b0nb- \u00ae- s\u201a \\\\mfmK- aw D\u2264c- n\u00ae- ps- Im\u2260v hniZ- oI- c- n\u00ae- nc- n- \u00b0p\u2202- X- n\u00df- s- \\\\b- mW:v \\\"\\\"kpdnb- m\\\\- n{- Ia- \u00d8- n\u00ac ZpxJi\\\\- nb- mgNv D\u00aeX- nc- n\u2122v aq\u2202pa- W- nh- sc D]h- k- n\u00ae- X- ns- \u201a- tijw Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- bpw AXns- \u201at- ijw dwi apXe- mb I\u00bf\u2126\u00df- fpw \\\\S\u00d8- s- \u220fS- pw. AXns- \u201at- ijw Hcpt- \\\\c- a- p- db- \u00b0v p\u2248 `\u00a3Ww Ign\u00ae- t- ijw Bizk- n\u00b0- pw. ]mXnc- mhv Ign\u2122v aq\u2202pa- W- nt- bmsS Dbn\u00bf\u220fns\u201a {Ia- \u00dffpw AXnt- \\\\mSv tN\u00bf\u2202 tLmj\u00df- fpw Bcw`- n\u00b0- pw. e\u00d8o\u2265{Ia- \u00d8- ntem F\u2202m\u00ac Xncp\u00a0- `- b- psS BZy- Ime- \u00df- f- n\u00ac ta\u00ac\u220fd- \u2122 i\\\\nb- mg- Nv b- psS {Iaw Sn Znhk- \u00df- f- n\u00ac ]mXnc- mb- \u00b0v av p\u00bav XpS\u00dfn Rmbd- mgNv shfp\u220f- nt- \\\\mS- pI- qsS Dbn\u00bf\u220fns\u201a tLmj\u00df- s- fms- \u00b0bpw \\\\S\u00d8- nh- \u2202- nc- p\u2202- p. ]n\u2202oSv X\u00b0X- mb ImcW- \u00df- - fm\u00ac ta\u00ac\u220fd- \u2122 {Ia\u00df- s- f\u221amw i\\\\nb- mgNv ]I\u00acka- bw Ign\u00b0- p\u2202- Xn\\\\- p\u2248 A\\\\ph- mZ- {- ]I- mcat{X Ah\u00bf \\\\S\u2202- ph- \u2202- X- .v kpdnb- m\\\\- n{- Ia- \u00d8- n\u00ac tN\u00bf\u2202 ta\u00ac\u220fd- \u2122 {Ia\u00d8- ns\u201a \\\\S\u00d8- \u00ac Cu \\\\m\u00b4nse DjWv m[- nI- yw- sImt\u2260m, Ft\u00a5m, ChnsS AXv hogNv b- mb- nt- \u220fmb- n, F\u2202m\u00ac, e\u00d8o\u2265{Ia- \u00d8- n\u00ac tN\u00bf\u2202 ta\u00ac\u220fd- \u2122- - hn[w \\\\S\u00d8- p\u2202Xn\\\\v hfsc Ffp\u220f- a- p\u2248- X- mWt\u221am F\u2202v ]ecpw BtemN- n\u00aev AXn\u2265{]I- mcw \\\\S\u00d8- p\u2202- - Xn\\\\v bX\\\\v n\u00b0- pI- bpw A\\\\ph- mZw hm\u00dfn\u00b0- pI- bpw sNbXv p'' (cf. ]md- \u220f- pd- \u00d8v h\u00bf\u00b0nb- \u00ae- s\u201a \\\\mfmK- a- w, hte- cnb- \u2265 \u03c0mt\u00d8m\u00b4- w, t]Pv 224). kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- \u00d8- n\\\\v Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 sNbvX as\u2030mcp kw`mh- \\\\- b- mb- nc- p\u2202p sImt- h\u00a5 ]\u2248nI- f- ne- mc- w`- n\u00ae \\\\me]v Xv aWn Bcm[- \\\\- bpw AXn\\\\- mbn D\u2260m\u00b0- nb {Iah- pw. 1866 se hn`q- Xn\u00d8- nc- p\u2202- mf- n\\\\v tija- p\u2248 hymgw, sh\u2248n, i\\\\n F\u2202o Znhk- \u00df- f- ne- mbn Iq\\\\\u2126- mhv B{ia- t- Zh- me- b- - \u00d8n\u00ac Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 Xs\u2202b- mWv Cu ZnhyI- mc- pW- y`- \u2021- nb- psS G\u2030hpw BtLmj- ]- q\u00bfha- mb `\u2021m`- ym- k\u00d8- n\\\\- mc- w`w Ipdn\u00ae- X- .v \\\\me]v XpaWn Bcm[- \\\\- b- psS hniZ- a- mb {Iaw Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 FgpX- nb- p\u2260- m\u00b0- n- bXv At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a k\u00baq\u00bf\u00c6I- rX- nI- f- psS aq\u2202mw hmey\u00d8- n\u00ac 89\u02db- 95 hscb- p\u2248 ]pd\u00df- f- n\u00ac {]kn\u2264- oI- - cn\u00ae- n\u00b4- p\u2248- X- nt- e\u00b0v H\u2202v It\u00c6mS- n\u00ae- m\u00ac (cf. 2021 Edition), Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s\u201a hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- t- bmS- p\u2248 AXyK- m[- a- mb `\u2021n am{Xa- \u221a a\\\\\u00a0- ne- mh- pI; {]XypX hnizmk- nI- f- nt- e\u00b0v Cu ZnhyI- mc- pW- y`- \u2021n F\u00d8n- \u00b0p\u2202- X- n\\\\- mh- i- ya- mb F\u221am tNcph- I- I- fpw AXne- p\u2248- X- mbn ImWmh- p\u2202- X- mW- .v Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s\u201a Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- k- w_- \u2018- nb- mb kw`mh- \\\\- I- s- f\u220f- \u2030nbp\u2248 {]Xn]- mZ- \\\\- \u00d8- n\u00ac At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a PohN- c- n{- XI- mc- \\\\- mb htec- nb- \u2265 \u03c0mt\u00d8m\u00b4w hn\u00b4pt- ]mb H\u2202mWv Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 Iq\\\\\u2126- mh- nse Xs\u201a knt\u00c3- gkv n\\\\- mbn cNn\u00ae aeb- mf- \u00d8- ne- p\u2248 Imt\\\\m\\\\ \\\\ak- Iv mc- w. AXns- \\\\\u220f- \u2030n Iq\\\\\u2126- mhv aT\u00d8- ns\u201a \\\\mfmK- a- \u00d8- n\u00ac \\\\mw C\u00dfs\\\\ hmbn\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"BK\u00c3v amk\u00d8- n\u00ac R\u00dff- psS ]nXmh- mb aq\u220f\u00ae- \\\\pw {]ntbmc- \u00ae- \\\\- pwI- qSn aT- \u00d8n\u00ach\u2202- p. s]cnb _lpa- m\\\\- s- \u220f\u00b4 {]ntbmc- \u00ae- \u2265 Imt\\\\m\\\\\\\\ak- Iv mcw e\u00d8o\u2265,- kpd- nb- m\\\\n F\u2202 c\u2260v `mjI- f- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw s]mc- p\u0192 Xncn\u00aev aeb- mf- \u00d8- nsegpX- n, AXns\u201a BNmc- h- n[- nI- \u0192 Im\u00b4n\u00d8- \u2202v ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- - Xnt- \\\\\u00b0- m\u0192 hy\u2021a- mbn a\\\\\u00a0- ne- mI- m\u2265 X\u00b0h- \u00c6w Nph\u220f- pa- j- ns- Im\u2260v hniZ- a- mbn FgpX- n\u00d8- \u2202- p. AXn\\\\- p- tij- w, ]n\u2202oSpw R\u00dff- psS ]nXmh- mb aq\u220f\u00ae- \\\\pw {]ntbmc- \u00ae- \\\\pw aT\u00d8- n\u00ac h\u2202t- \u220fm\u0192 {Iawt- ]mse Im\u00b4n- \u00d8\u2202pw R\u00dfs- fs- \u00b0m\u2260v sN\u00f8n\u00aepw ]Tn\u220f- n\u00ae- p. A\u00dfs\\\\ ssZhk- l- mb- \u00d8- m\u00ac sk]\u2030v w_- \u00bf amk\u00d8- n\u00ac {Iawt- ]mse R\u00df\u0192 Imt\\\\m\\\\- \\\\- a- k- Iv mcw XpS\u00df- pI- bpw sNbXv p'' (\\\\mf- mK- a- \u00df- \u0192, Iq\\\\\u2126- mhv aTw (1866- \u02db1870), H\u2202mw ]pkXv I- w, t]Pv 33\u02db- 34). Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 Xs\u201a k\\\\ymk- n\\\\- na- m\u00bf\u00b0v Imt\\\\m\\\\- \\\\- a- k- Iv mc- \u220f- pk- Xv Iw D\u2260m\u00b0- ns- \u00b0mS- p\u00b0- pI- bpw Ah sNm\u221an {]m\u00bf\u221en\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 ]Tn\u220f- n\u00b0- pI- bpw am{Xa- \u221a sNbXv X- .v AXne- p- ]c- nb- mb- n, bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- b- psS ssZh- imk- {v Xh- o\u00a3- W- hpw Ah\u00bf\u00b0v ]I\u00bf\u2202p \\\\eIv p\u2202- p\u2260- .v Iq\\\\\u2126- mhv aT\u00d8- ns\u201a \\\\mfmK- a- \u00d8- n\u00ac \\\\mw C\u00dfs\\\\ hmbn\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"sk]\u2030v w_- \u00bf amk\u00d8- n\u00ac \\\\\u2126psS ]nXmh- mb aq\u220f\u00ae- \\\\pw {]ntbmc- \u00ae- \\\\- pwI- qSn aT\u00d8- n\u00ach\u2202- - t\u220fm\u0192 {]ntbmc- \u00ae- \u2265 R\u00df\u0192\u00b0v ]d\u2122- pX- \u2202 D]t- Zi- \u00df- \u0192: Hmtcmtcm {]hr\u00d8- nI- \u0192 sN\u00f8p\u2202- X- n\\\\v ap\u00bav \\\\ntbmKw hbtv \u00b0\u2260- h- n[- h- pw, Imt\\\\m\\\\ \\\\ak- Iv mcw \\\\\u221ah- \u00c6w sNmt- \u221a\u2260 hn[h- pw. Imt\\\\m\\\\- \\\\- a- k- Iv mcw as\u2030\u221am {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- I- t- f\u00b0- m\u0192 IqSpX- \u00ac ^eZ- mb- I- a- mW- ,v Imt\\\\m\\\\- \\\\- a- k- Iv mc- \u00d8- n\\\\v t]mIp\u2202- X- n\\\\v ap\u00bav 84","C\u00dfs\\\\ Hm\u00bf\u00b0Ww: Ct\u220fm\u0192 kz\u00bf\u00a7\u00d8- ne- nc- p\u2202v kIe amemJ- a- mcpw hnip\u2264- cpw `qanb- ne- p\u2248 ip\u2264a- m\u00b0- - s\u220f\u00b4hcpw, Cu {]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- ma- pd- nb- ne- p\u2248 IqsS\u220f- nd- \u220f- pI- f- psS Imh\u00acame- mJ- a- mcpw I\u00bf\u00d8mh- ns\\\\ kXv pXn- \u00b0p\u2202- p. Ahc- psS kXv pXnI- t- fmSv Cu \\\\ak- Iv mc- s\u00d8 tN\u00bf\u00d8ps- Im\u2260v Rm\\\\pw I\u00bf\u00d8mh- ns\\\\ kXv pXn- \u00b0p\u2202p'' (\\\\mf- mK- a- \u00df- \u0192, Iq\\\\\u2126- mhv aTw (1866\u02db- 1870), t]Pv 77). 3. kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf en\u2030\u00bfPn\u00b0v Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 \\\\eIv nb kw`mh- \\\\- I- \u0192 e\u00d8n\\\\- oI- c- W- tam? ASp\u00d8 Ime\u00d8v {]kn\u2264- oI- c- n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4- , tXmakv a\u00c6qc- mw]- d- \u00ba- n\u00ac A\u00ae\u2265 cNn\u00ae kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf Ip\u00bf_m- \\\\b- psS Ncn{Xw (Thomas Mannooramparampil, History of the Syro-Malabar Qurbana, Kottayam: Nasrani Foundation, 2022) F\u2202 _rl\u00d8- mb ]pkXv I- \u00d8- ns\u201a 145 apX\u00ac 146 hscb- p\u2248 t]PpI- f- n\u00ac ''Other Added Latinization'' F\u2202 D]i- o\u00bfjI- \u00d8- ns\u201a Iogne- mWv hnip\u2264 Ipcymt- \u00b0mkv Genb- mkv Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s\u201a Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- k- w_- \u2018- nb- mb kw`mh- \\\\- I- \u0192 ]cma- \u00bfin\u00b0- s- \u220fS- p\u2202- X- .v kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- psS Ncn- {Xs- \u00d8\u220f- \u2030- nb- p\u2248 {]Xn]- mZ- \\\\- a- mWv {K\u0178I- \u00bf\u00d8mhv e\u00a3yw h\u00aes- X\u2202pw AXn\\\\- me- mW- ,v hnip\u2264 Nmhd- \u220f- n- Xmh- ns\u201a Imt\\\\m\\\\- \\\\- a- k- Iv mc kw_\u2018- nb- mb kw`mh- \\\\- I- \u0192 cNb- nX- mhv Xak- Iv c- n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- s- X\u2202pw ]d\u2122p- sIm\u2260v {K\u0178I- \u00bf\u00d8mh- ns\\\\ \\\\ymboI- c- n\u00b0- p\u2202- h- c- p\u2260- mh- pw. F\u2202m\u00ac, Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 Bcw`- n\u00ae en\u2030\u00bfPn\u00b0- e- \u221a- m- \u00d8- a\u2030v `\u2021m`- ymk- \u00df- s- f\u221amw Xs\u2202 ]cma- \u00bfin\u00b0- p\u2202 {K\u0178I- mc- \u2265 Imt\\\\m\\\\\\\\a- k- Iv mc- \u220f- pk- Xv I- \u00df- \u0192\u00b0m- bp\u2248 At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a Xo{hb- \u2044- \u00df- \u0192 I\u2260n\u221am F\u2202v \\\\Sn\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv {K\u0178I- mc- s\u201a \\\\nj]v \u00a3- X- s- bbpw Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- N- c- n{- XI- mc- \u2265 F\u2202 At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a ]Zh- ns- bbpw kzbw \\\\in\u220f- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\v Xpeya- mb- n\u00d8- o\u00bf\u2202p F\u2202v ]db- msX h\u00f8. Nmhd- \u220f- nX- mhv Imt\\\\m\\\\- \\\\- a- k- Iv mc- \u220f- pk- Xv Iw tdman\u00ac ap{ZWw sNbXv v ChnsS hnXc- Ww sN\u00f8ph- m- \\\\p\u2248 \\\\S]- S- n{- Ia- \u00df- sf\u221amw sNbXv ps- h\u00b6- nepw At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a Ime\u00d8v B B{Klw k^e- a- mb- n\u221a F\u2202- Xps- Im\u2260v AXv At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a kw`mh- \\\\ A\u221amX- mI- p\u2202- n\u221a- . AXpt- ]ms- eX- s- \u2202b- mWv acn\u00ae- h- \u00bf\u00b0mb- p\u2248 H\u220fokpw a\u2030v Xncp\u00b0- \u00bf\u2126\u00df- f- psS Imcyh- pw. Ahbpw Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 FgpX- nb- p\u2260- m\u00b0n ap{ZW- \u00d8- n\\\\- mbn X\u00f8m- dm\u00b0- nb- nc- ps- \u2202\u00b6- nepw Ah {]n\u201a v sNbXv v ]pd\u00d8- nd- \u00b0- nb- Xv 1882 \u00ac am{Xa- mWv (Mathias Mundadan, Blessed Kuriakose Elias Chavara, Bangalore: Dharmaram Publications, 2008, page 275). Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 kpdn- bm\\\\n aqe{- K\u0178- \u00df- sf am{Xw B{ib- n\u00aev Ae]v wt- ]mepw e\u00d8n\\\\- oI- c- W- \u00d8- n\\\\v apXnc- msX sNbXv Bcm- [\\\\- {- Ia- k- w`- mh- \\\\- I- f- mbncp\u2202p Imt\\\\m\\\\- \\\\- a- k- Iv mc- \u220f- p- kXv I- w, H\u220fokv ]pkX- Iv w, acn\u00ae- h- \u00bf\u00b0p\u2248 a\u2030v Xncp- \u00b0\u00bf\u2126\u00df\u0192 F\u2202v {]ikXv tIcf- k- `m Ncn{- XI- mc- \u2265 A.M. Mundadan Xs\u201a {K\u0178- \u00d8- n\u00ac B[nI- mc- nI- - ambn sXfnb- n\u00ae- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv (pp. 268, 271) a\u00c6qc- mw]- d- \u00ba- ne- ns\u201a ZrjSv n\u00b0v AtKmN- c- a- mbn `hn\u00ae- Xv GXm- bmepw BIk- av nI- tam Adnh- n\u221a- mb- av tbm BsW\u2202v IcpX- m\\\\- mh- n\u221a- . B[p\\\\- nI Ncn{- XI- mc- \u2211- mc- psS Hcp {]tem`- \\\\- a- mWv \\\"dnhnj- \\\\- nkw' F\u2202 Ncn{X imk{v X[- mc- . ln\u2030ev d- psS \\\"tjmh' F\u2202 t]cne- d- nb- s- \u220f\u00b4 PqXk- wl- mcw XpS\u00dfn cmj{v Sob kzbw tkhIv kwLns\u201a c\u2260mw k\u00bfKk- wL- Nv me- Iv Bbnc- p\u2202 Fw.- Fk- .v tKm\u0192hm\u00b0- \u00bf hsc \\\"dnhnj- \\\\- n\u00c3'v Ncn{- XI- mc- \u2211- mc- psS sh\u2248]- qi- e- n\\\\v hnt[b- a- mb- t- \u220fm\u0192, Km\u2018nP- n- bpsS kw`mh- \\\\- I- \u0192 Xak- Iv c- n\u00b0- s- \u220fS- pI- bpw \\\\mYqdmw tKmUsv kb- \u00b0v mbn Bcm[- \\\\- me- b- \u00df- \u0192 Dbc- p- Ibpw sN\u00f8p\u2202 `mcX- a- \u00c6- n\u00ac a\u00c6- qc- mw]- d- \u00ba- ne- ns\u201a Nmhd- X- a- k- Iv c- Ww Hcp henb Xn\u2211b- mbn A[nI- - am\u00bf\u00b0pw tXm\u2202ph- m\u2265 km\u2264yX- b- n\u221a- . Fs\u00a5\u00b6- ne- pa- p\u2248- Xv H\u2202pa- n\u221a- m\u00d8- X- ns- \\\\\u00b0- m\u0192 \\\\\u221aXv (something is better than nothing) F\u2202 sNm- \u221ans\u201a s]mc- p\u0192 Adnb- mh- p\u2202- h- \\\\- mb- nc- p\u2202p Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265. AXn\\\\- me- mWv amXmh- ns\u201a hW\u00b0- a- mk- w, \\\\me]v - Xpa- Wn Bcm[- \\\\ XpS\u00df- nb `\u2021m`- ymk- \u00df- \u0192 Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 kotdm\u02dbae_- m\u00bf k`b- nt- e\u00b0v e\u00d8o\u2265 k`- bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw kzoIc- n\u00ae- ps- Im\u2260- ph- \u2202- X- .v Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s\u201a A\\\\h- [- nb- mb Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- k- w`- mh- \\\\- I- sf shdpw e\u00d8n\\\\- oI- c- Ww am{Xa- mbn hntij- n\u220f- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 a\u00c6qc- mw]- d- \u00ba- n\u00ac ImWn\u00b0- p\u2202 Xzc At\u00b1l- s\u00d8 kotdm- \u02dba- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- nse C\u2202s\u00d8 AwKpe- o]- c- na- nX- c- mb I\u00acZmb Xo{hh- mZ- nI- f- psS KW\u00d8- n\u00ac F\u00c6s- \u220fS- p- \u00d8ph- m\\\\pw IW\u00b0- m\u00b0- s- \u220fS- p\u00d8- ph- m\\\\pw am{Xta CSb- m\u00b0- pI- b- p\u2248q F\u2202pw Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s\u201a AXpe- y\u00df- - fmb en\u2030\u00bfPn\u00b0- \u00ac kw`mh- \\\\- I- \u0192\u00b0v AXv bmsXmcp coXnb- nepw a\u00dft- e\u00ac- \u220fn\u00b0- pI- b- n\u221a F\u2202Xpw Xo\u00bf\u00ae. a\u00c6qc- mw]- d- \u00ba- ne- ns\u201a ZrjSv nb- n\u00ac Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s\u201a \\\"\\\"Xq\u00b0mk'' e\u00d8o\u2265k`- b- n\u00ac 1570 \u00ac Cd\u00b0- nb Ritus Servandus in Celebratione Missae am{Xw B[mc- a- m\u00b0- nb Hcp {K\u0178a- mW- .v F\u2202m\u00ac, 1570 se 'Ritus' e\u00d8o\u2265 an\u00a0e- ns\u201a {Iaa- mb- nc- ps- \u2202\u00b6- n\u00ac, Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 FgpX- nb- p\u2260- m\u00b0- nb- Xv 1774\u02dbenepw 1844\u02db- e- nepw ap{ZWw sNbXv v tdman\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw {]kn\u2264- oI- c- n\u00ae ]uckXv y kpdnb- m\\\\n Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ XIkv b- \u00b0v nW- \u00df- p\u2202 A\u00bf\u220fW- - {Ia- a- mb- nc- p\u2202- p. Ahns- Sbpw Bcps- Sbpw FXn\u00bf\u220fn\\\\v ]m{Xo`- qX- \\\\- mI- msX, F\u221amh- s- cbpw Hcpa- n\u00ae- ps- Im\u2260- p- t]mI- p\u2202 Hc\u00bf\u220fW- c- oXn kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- n\u00ac Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \\\\v \\\\S\u220f- ne- m\u00b0- m\u2265 km[n\u00ae- X- nse \\\\\u2211 ImWm- sX, F\u221amw e\u00d8n\\\\- oI- c- Ww am{Xa- mb- nc- p\u2202p F\u2202v AS\u00ae- mt- \u00a3]- n\u00b0- p\u2202 {K\u0178I- mc- s\u201a [z\\\\n{- ]t- bmKw 85","A]I- zhpw A]l- mk- ya- mbn ImWs- \u220fS- p\u2202- p, Cu teJ\\\\- I- \u00bf\u00d8mh- ns\u201a ZrjSv nb- n\u00ac.- F\u2202- nc- p\u2202- me- pw, F\u221am- h\u00bf\u00b0pa- p\u2248 A`n{- ]mb- k- zmX- {\u00a5yw Cu {K\u0178I- mc- \\\\pw Ds\u2260\u2202p\u2248 hkXv pX- bpw C\u00d8c- pW- \u00d8- n\u00ac A\\\\p- kav c- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. AtXkabw kz\u00a5w kw`mh- \\\\- I- sf ]\u00bfhX- oI- c- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 alZ- hv y\u2021- nI- f- psS kw`mh- \\\\- - Isf CIg- \u00d8v p\u2202- Xpw XrWh- X- Kv W- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- pw k\u00f7\\\\- \u00df- \u0192\u00b0v Bimk- ya- \u221a F\u2202 hkXv pX- bpw ChnsS {]tXyIw {]kXv mh- ya- mW- .v D]k- wl- mcw tIcf- \\\\- t- `ma- W- Uv e- \u00d8- n\u00ac DZn\u00ae- pb- \u00bf\u2202v t{]m\u00f7ze- n\u00aev IS\u2202- pt- ]mb Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`- bpsS en\u2030\u00bfPn\u00b0v \\\\eIv nb kw`mh- \\\\- I- \u0192 AXpe- y\u00df- fpw {]iwk- \\\\- ob- h- pa- mbn Hcp \\\\q\u2030m\u2260- nt- esd {]kXv pX k`b- n\u00ac \\\\nd\u2122- p\\\\- n\u2202- nc- p\u2202p F\u2202p\u2248 Ncn{XhkXv pX B\u00bf\u00b0pw Xak- Iv c- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 Ignb- p\u2202- X- \u221a- . hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- a- t- \u2264yb- p\u2248 hN\\\\- {- ]t- Lmj- W- \u00d8- n\\\\v c\u2260mw h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\u2265 Iu\u00a8knepw Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nba- k- wl- nX- - Ifpw hfs- cb- [- nIw {]m[m\\\\yw \\\\eIv p\u2202- p\u2260- .v DZml- c- W- \u00d8- n\\\\- ,v ]uck- Xv yk- `- I- \u0192\u00b0mb- p\u2248 Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb- a\u00d8- nse 607\u02db- mw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1i- n\u00b0- p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"ssZhh- N- \\\\ ip{iqj \u02db AXmb- Xv hN\\\\- {- ]t- Lmj- - Whpw hnizmk- ]- c- ni- oe- \\\\- hpw as\u2030\u221amXc\u00d8- ne- pa- p\u2248 {InkXv ob- {- ]t- _m[- \\\\- \u00df- fpw, Chb- n\u00ac ]ca- {- ][- m\\\\ \u00ffm\\\\a- p\u2248 Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- `- mK- a- mb kphnt- ij- {- ]k- wK- hpw \u02db hnip\u2264 {K\u0178\u00d8- m\u00ac k\u00bapj- Sv a- m\u00b0- s- \u220fS- pI- bpw hnip\u2264 ]mc\u00ba- c- y\u00d8- ne- [- nj- Tv nX- a- mb- nc- n\u00b0- pI- bpw sNt\u00f8\u2260- X- mW- .v ssZhh- N- \\\\- \u00d8- ns\u201a BtLmjw \\\\nc\u00a5- cw t{]m\u2019ml- n\u00b0- s- \u220ft- S\u2260- X- mW- .v '' Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \\\\pw At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a \\\"\\\"IqsS\u220f- nd- \u220f- pI- '- 'fmb k\\\\ymk- s- shZ- nI- cpw sNbXv Xv hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- a- t- \u2264yb- p\u2248 X\u00dff- psS kphnt- ij- {- ]t- Lmj- Ww Ipsd\u00b0- qSn Poh\u00a0- p\u2030- Xpw Pohn- XK- \u2018- nb- pa- m\u00b0- n\u00d8- o\u00bf\u00d8ps- Im\u2260v AXne- qsS X\u00dff- psS hnizmk- k- a- ql- \u00d8- ns\u201a PohnX- \\\\- h- oI- c- W- hpw hnip- \u2264nb- ne- p\u2248 hf\u00bf\u00aebpw km[nX- a- m\u00b0- pI- b- mW- .v {]kwK- ]- oT- \u00d8- nse knwlw F\u2202d- nb- s- \u220f\u00b4- nc- p\u2202 hnip\u2264 Nmh- db- \u00ae- s- \u201abpw am\u2202m\\\\- wI- p\u2202- n\u00ac At\u00b1l- hpw Iq\u00b4cpw Bcw`- n\u00ae k\\\\ymk- k- a- ql- \u00d8- ns- \u201abpw hN\\\\- {- ]t- Lm- jWw \\\\S\u00d8- m\u00d8- , [ym\\\\w {]kwK- n\u00b0- m\u00d8- , ]\u2248nI- \u0192 A\u2202s\u00d8 kpdnb- m\\\\n It\u00d8me- n\u00b0- c- ps- Sb- nS- b- n\u00ac C\u221amX- nc- p\u2202p F\u2202X- mWv Ncn{- Xh- k- Xv pX- . Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 Bcw`- n\u00ae Cu CSh- I- [- ym\\\\- {- ]k- wK- \u00df- fpw At\u00b1l- - \u00d8ns\u201a Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia- k- w_- \u2018- nb- mb kw`mh- \\\\- I- f- psS B\u00b0wI- q\u00b4- p\u2202- p\u2260- .v A\u2202s\u00d8 kpdnb- m\\\\- n`- mj- b- ne- p\u2248 hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- \u00bf\u220fW- \u00d8- n\u00ac hnizmk- nI- \u0192\u00b0v ]q\u00bf\u00c6a- mbn a\\\\\u00a0- ne- mI- pa- mb- nc- p\u2202 GI`- mKw Cu kphntij{- ]t- Lmj- W- a- mb- nc- p\u2202p F\u2202Xpw hnkav c- n\u00b0- mh- p\u2202- X- \u221a- . AXnt- \\\\mSv Iq\u00b4nt- \u00ae\u00bf\u00d8v hmbnt- \u00b0\u2260- - XmWv Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s\u201a \\\"Xq\u00b0mk' cN\\\\- b- ne- qsS `\u2021n]- q\u00bfhI- a- mb Hcp GIoI- c- n\u00b0- s- \u220f\u00b4 hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- - b\u00bf\u220fW- c- oXn kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bfk`- b- n\u00ac At\u00b1l- \u00d8- n\\\\v sIm\u2260- ph- c- m\\\\- mbn F\u2202p\u2248- X- .v AXpt- ]ms- eX- s- \u2202, Imt\\\\m\\\\- \\\\- a- k- Iv mc- \u00d8- ns\u201a t{ijTv X- s- b\u220f- \u2030- nb- p\u2248- At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a ]T\\\\- \u00df- fpw bma{- ]m\u00bf\u221e\\\\- m]- pk- Xv I- \u00df- \u0192 kz\u00a5w ssI\u220fS- b- n\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 FgpX- nb- p\u2260- m\u00b0n Ah ss\u00ablnI- k- nwl- mk- \\\\- \u00d8- ns\u201a AwKoI- mc- t- \u00d8mS- pI- qSn tdman\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 A\u00aeS- n\u00ae- nd- \u00b0n \\\\m\u00b4n\u00ac hnXc- Ww sN\u00f8ph- m\\\\- mb- p\u2248 At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a {ia\u00df- fpw F{Xb- [- nIw \u00abmLn\u00ae- mepw aXnb- mh- n\u221a- . hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- \u00bf\u220fW- a- \u221a- m\u00d8 a\u2030v ssZhmc- m[- \\\\- I- tfm, `\u2021m`- ymk- \u00df- tfm Imcya- mb- n\u00b4- n\u221a- mX- nc- p\u2202 A\u2202s\u00d8 kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- n\u00ac e\u00d8o\u2265 k`b- n\u00ac \\\\ns\u2202S- p\u00d8 hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- psS Bcm[- \\\\- , Bio\u00bfhmZ- \u00df- \u0192, hW\u00b0- a- mk- `- \u2021n XpS\u00df- nb `\u2021m`- ymk- \u00df- \u0192 Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 sIm\u2260- ph- \u2202- n\u00b4- ps- \u2260\u00b6- n\u00ac AXn\\\\- pI- mc- Ww hnizmk- nI- f- psS B\ufb02ot- bm\u00ac\u00b0\u00bfj\u00d8- n\\\\v A\u2202s\u00d8 kmlN- c- y\u00d8- n\u00ac as\u2030m\u2202pw C\u221am- Xnc- p\u2202- X- ps- Im\u2260pw IcW- ob- a- \u221a- mX- nc- p\u2202- X- ps- Im\u2260- pa- mW- .v Hcp {Im\u00a5Z- \u00bfinb- mb- nc- p\u2202 Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 A\u2202s\u00d8 kmlN- c- y\u00d8- n\u00ac G\u2030hpw DZm\u00d8- a- mb- Xv Xncs- \u2122S- p\u00d8p F\u2202pa- m{Xw IcpX- nb- m\u00ac aXn A\u00dfs- \\\\b- p\u2248 kwcw`- \u00df- s- f\u220f- \u2030n. e\u00d8n\\\\- oI- c- Ww F\u2202v ]db- p\u2202- X,v ]uck- Xv ya- mb- X- ns\\\\ X\u00aepS- \u00aev C\u221ambav sNbXv v ]Icw AhnsS e\u00d8o\u2265k`- b- psS BNmc- \u00df- fpw A\\\\pj- Tv m\\\\- \u00df- fpw {]Xnj- Tv n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- mW- .v A\u221amsX H\u2202p- an\u221a- m\u00d8- nS- \u00d8- ,v Nne \\\\\u221a `\u2021m`- ymk- \u00df- \u0192, hnizmk- nI- f- psS B\ufb02ob- h- f- \u00bf\u00aeb- \u00b0v mbn, sIm\u2260- ph- c- p\u2202- X- n- s\\\\b- \u221a- . Ncn{Xw Hcp kw`h- s\u00d8 hneb- nc- p\u00d8- p\u2202- X- ,v hneb- nc- pt- \u00d8\u2260- X,v B Ncn{- X]- \u203a- m\u00d8- e- \u00d8- n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202ps- Im\u2260- mW- .v Nmhd- b- \u00ae- \u2265 Pohn\u00ae kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`m]\u203am\u00d8- e- \u00d8- n\u00ac \\\\n\u2202ps- Im\u2260- pt- hWw Nmh- db- \u00ae- \u2265 kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- psS en\u2030\u00bfPn\u00b0v \\\\\u00acInb kw`mh- \\\\- I- sf hneb- nc- p\u00d8- ph- m\u2265. A\u00dfs- \\\\b- p\u2248 kXyk- \u2018- a- mb Hcp hneb- nc- p\u00d8- e- n\u00ac, Nmhd- b- \u00ae- s\u201a Bcm[- \\\\- {- Ia kw_\u2018- nb- mb kw`mh- \\\\- I- \u0192 shdpw e\u00d8n\\\\- oI- c- W- a- mt- bm, \\\\ioI- c- W- a- mtbm ImWm\\\\- mh- n\u221a- ; {]XypX- , AXpe- y\u00df- f- mb kw`mh- \\\\- I- f- mbpw k`sb ]Sp\u00d8- pb- \u00bf\u00d8nb Im\u00achb- ]v pI- f- mbpw am{Xta hneb- nc- p\u00d8- m\\\\- mh- q. 86","in\u00a3m-\\\\n-b-ahpw in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-{I-ahpw ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-kw-ln-X-bn\u00ac : Hcp A]-{K-Y\\\\w tUm. sPbnwkv amXyp ]m\u00bamd kn.F- w.s- F BapJw \\\"kXym-\\\\-\u00a5-c-Imew' (The Post-Truth Era: Dishonesty and Deception in Contemporary Life - Ralph Keyes, 2004) F\u2202v \\\\mw C\u2202v Pohn-\u00b0p\u2202 Ime-L-\u00b4-s\u00d8-\u220f\u2030n ]m\u203am-Xy\u00bf hnti-jn-\u220fn\u00aev XpS- \u00dfnb- n\u00b4v Hcp ]Xn\u2030- m\u2260- nt- es- db- mb- ns- b\u00b6- nepw kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf k`b- nse FdW- mI- pf- w\u02db- A- \u00b6- a- men AXn- cq-]-X-bnse B\\\\p-Im-enI kw`-h-\u00dfsf \\\\njv]-\u00a3-ambpw Iqew-I-\u00a3-ambpw A]-{K-Yn-\u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192, AhnsS Ak-Xyw- sIm-s\u2260mcp Bdm\u00b4v Xs\u2202-bmWv kw`-hn-\u00aep-sIm-\u2260n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-sX\u2202v Icp-Xp\u2202, Fd- Wm-Ipfw hna-X-cpsS \\\\ne-]m-Sp-I-fnepw {]kvXm-h-\\\\-I-fnepw hni-Zo-I-c-W-\u00df-fnepw \\\"\\\"Ahs\\\\ {Iqin- \u00b0p-I, Ahs\\\\ {Iqin-\u00b0pI'' F\u2202v hnfn-\u00aep-Iq-hn-s\u00b0m\u2260v \\\"\\\"hgnbpw kXyhpw Poh-\\\\p-amb'' Cutim-an- in-lmsb Ipcn-in-te-\u2030p-hm\u2265 ap\u2265ssI-sb-Sp\u00d8 \\\"\\\"P\\\\'' (a\u00d8m 27:15-\u02db23) \u00d8ns\u201a ]n\u2265X-e-ap-dsb ImWp- Ibpw sN\u00f8p-\u2202, k`sb kvt\\\\ln-\u00b0p-\u2202, k`-bn\u00ac \\\\\u2211 am{Xw Imw\u00a3n-\u00b0p\u2202, A\u2265]Xv e\u00a3-\u00d8n-e- [nIw hcp\u2202 kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf X\\\\-b\u00bf \\\\n\u00a0-lm-b-X-tbmsS k`m-t\\\\-Xr-Xzs\u00d8 D\u2030p-t\\\\m-\u00b0n-s\u00b0m\u2260v tNmZn-\u00b0p\u2202 Hcp tNmZy-ap\u2260v: \\\"\\\"Cu hna-X-t\u00b0m-a-c-\u00dffpsS Agn-\u2122m-\u00b4-\u00d8n\\\\v Hc-dpXn hcp-\u00d8p-hm\u2265 It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-k-`-bpsS \\\\oXn-\\\\ymb hyh-\u00ff-bnepw Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8nepw hIp-\u220fp-I-sfm-\u2202p-ant\u221a? Cu tNmZy-\u00d8n-\\\\p\u2248 D\u00d8cw hfsc hy\u2021-am-Wv. AXm-b-Xv, e\u00d8o\u2265k-`-bpsS Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8nepw (CIC)- ]u-ckvXy k`-I\u0192\u00b0p\u2248 Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8nepw (CCEO) in\u00a3m-\\\\n-b-ahpw (penal law) in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]- Sn-{I-a-\u00dffpw (penal procedure) hfsc hy\u2021-ambn ]cn-ip\u2264 am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f Xs\u2202 Fgp-Xn-h-\u00aen-\u00b4p-\u2260v. AXv Fgp-Xn-t\u00ae\u00bf\u00d8n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202Xv Hc-e-\u00b6m-c-\u00d8nt\\\\m Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-]-WvUn-X\u00bf\u00b0v t]\u220f-dp-I\u0192 Ah-X-cn-\u220fn-\u00b0p- \u2202-Xn\\\\pw teJ-\\\\-\u00df\u0192 Fgp-Xp-\u2202-Xn-\\\\ptam am{X-am-b-\u221a, {]Xyp-X, Pdp-ktew tZhm-e-b-\u00d8n\u00ac Nm\u00b4-hm- dp-ambn Ib-dnb (tbml 2:13-\u02db17) tbip-{In-kvXp-hns\u201a AtX at\\\\m-`mhw (]oen 2:5) k`sb \\\\bn-\u00b0p- hm-\\\\mbn hnfn-\u00b0-s\u220f-Sp-Ibpw taev]\u00b4 ip{iqj `c-ta-ev]n-\u00b0-s\u220f-Sp-Ibpw sN\u00f8-s\u220f-\u00b4n-\u00b4p\u2248 sa{Xm-\u2211m\u00bf kzmb-\u00d8-am-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw, Bh-iy-ambn hcp-t\u00bam\u0192, a\u2030v am\u00bf\u00a7-\u00df-sf\u221amw ]cm-P-b-s\u220f-Sp-t\u00bam\u0192, D]-tbm- Kn-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw th\u2260n-bm-Wv. It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-k-`-bnse Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-kw-ln-X-I-fpsS D\u2248-S\u00b0w s]m- Xpsh ]d-\u2122m\u00ac hnizm-k-k-aq-l-\u00d8n\\\\v Xptemw A\u2044m-X-amWv F\u2202p-Xs\u2202 ]d-bmw. AXn\u00ac\u00d8- s\u2202, ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265\\\\n-b-a-\u00d8nse in\u00a3m-\\\\n-b-ahpw in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-{I-a-\u00dffpw A\ufb02m-b\u00bf\u00b0pw k\\\\y- kvX\u00bf\u00b0pw sshZn-I\u00bf\u00b0pw am{X-a-\u221a, {]Xyp-X, Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8n\u00ac _ncp-Z-ap-\u2248-h\u00bf\u00b0p-t]mepw kp{Km- ly-a\u221a F\u2202-XmWv hkvXp-X. 1995-\u02db\u00ac tdmanse Hmdn-sb\u201a\u00ac C\u2265\u00c3n-\u2030yq-\u00b4n\u00ac ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb- a-\u00d8n\u00ac D]-cn-]-T-\\\\-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn F\u00d8nb Cu teJ-I\u2265, Cu hkvXpX a\\\\-\u00a0n-em\u00b0n {]kvXpX hnj-b- \u00d8n\u00ac {]tXyI ]T\\\\w \\\\S-\u00d8p-Ibpw XpS\u00bf\u2202v, licentiate\u02db\\\\v tijhpw AtX hnj-b-\u00d8n\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 tUmIvS-td\u2030v FSp-\u00b0p-Ibpw Ign\u2122 Ccp-]-\u00d8\u00a9v h\u00bfj-\u00b0mew in\u00a3m-\\\\n-ba kw_-\u2018n-bmb \\\\nc- h[n tIkp-I-fn\u00ac At\\\\z-j-W-\u00df-fnepw k`m-t\u00b0m-S-Xn-I-fn\u00ac \\\\ymbm-[n-]-\u00ffm-\\\\-a-S\u00b0w \\\\nc-h-[n-bmb tdmfp-I\u0192, h\u00d8n-\u00b0m-\\\\nse hnizm-k-Im-cym-e-b-\u00d8ns\u201a t\\\\cn-\u00b4p\u2248 \\\\nb-a-\\\\ap\u0192s\u220f-sS-bp\u2248 ]\u203am-\u00d8- e-\u00df-fn\u00ac, \\\\n\u00bfh-ln-\u00b0p-Ibpw Ct\u220fmgpw XpS\u00bf\u2202p-sIm\u2260v t]mhp-Ibpw sN\u00f8p-\u2202-Xn\u00ac\\\\n-\u2202p\u2248 A\\\\p-`- h-\u2044m\\\\w Ipsd-sb-\u00b6nepw I\u00bf\u2126e Ipkp-a-\u00d8ns\u201a A\\\\p-hm-N-I\u00bf\u00b0v ]\u00b6p-h-\u00aep-sIm-Sp-\u00b0-W-sa-\u2202p\u2248 AZ-ay-amb B{K-l-amWv Cu teJ-\\\\-\u00d8n\\\\v ]n\u2202n\u00ac. I\u00bf\u2126e Ipkp-a-\u00d8ns\u201a ap\u2265e\u00b0-\u00df-fn\u00ac ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-kw-_-\u2018n-bmbn Fgp-Xnb teJ-\\\\-\u00df-fpsS XpS\u00bf\u00ae-bmWv Cu teJ-\\\\-hpw. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8-s\u2202, Cu teJ\\\\w ]q\u00bf\u00c6-ambn a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-Ip-\u2202-Xn\\\\v, Cu teJ-Is\u201a I\u00bf\u2126e Ipkp-a- \u00d8nse ap\u2265 teJ-\\\\-\u00df\u0192 hmbn-\u00b0p-\u2202Xv IqSp-X\u00ac klm-b-I-c-am-Ipw. 1. in\u00a3m-\\\\n-baw ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-kw-ln-X-bn\u00ac \\\"]cn-ip\u2264 Imt\\\\m-\\\\-I\u0192' (Sacri Canones) F\u2202 A\u220f-kvtXm-enI {]am-W-tc-J-hgn tPm\u00a8 t]m\u0192 c\u2260m-a\u2265 am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f 1990 HIvtSm-_\u00bf 18-\u02db\\\\v {]kn-\u2264-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8nb \\\"]uc-kvXy-k-`-I-fpsS Imt\\\\m-\\\\-kw- lnX' (Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches)- bnse ap\u220fXv io\u00bfj-I-\u00df-fnse Ccp-]-\u00d8n-tbgmw io\u00bfjIw \\\"\\\"k`-bnse in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-I\u0192'' (Penal Sanctions in the Church) F\u2202-Xm-Wv. \\\\nb-a-s\u00d8tbm {]hm-N-I-\u2211m-sctbm C\u221am-Xm-\u00b0m-\\\\-\u221a, {]Xyp-X, ]q\u00bf\u00d8nbm-\u00b0m-\\\\mWv Cutim Cu temI-\u00d8n-te\u00b0v h\u2202Xv (a\u00d8 5:17). G\u2030hpw ]c-a-amb \\\\nbaw Ahn-Sp\u2202v X\u2202 kvt\\\\l-\u00d8ns\u201a \\\\nbaw Xs\u2202: \\\"\\\"Hcp ]pXnb Iev]\\\\ \\\\n\u00df\u0192\u00b0v Rm\u2265 Xcp-\u2202p, \\\\n\u00df\u0192 ]c-kv]cw kvt\\\\ln-\u00b0p-hn\u2265. Rm\u2265 \\\\n\u00dfsf kvt\\\\ln-\u00ae-Xp-t]mse \\\\n\u00dffpw ]c-kv]cw kvt\\\\ln-\u00b0p-hn\u2265'' (tbml 13:34). F\u2202m\u00ac Cu kvt\\\\l- 87","\u00d8ns\u201a Iev]\\\\ a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-Im-\u00d8-h-tcmSv F\u00a5v sN\u00f8-W-sa\u2202pw Ahn-Sp\u2202v hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p-\u2202p\u2260v: \\\"\\\"\\\\ns\u201a ktlm-Z-c\u2265 sX\u2030v sN\u00f8p-s\u2202-\u00b6n\u00ac, \\\\obpw Ah\\\\pw am{X-am-bn-cn-\u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192 t]mbn B sX\u2030v Ah\\\\v a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0n-s\u00b0m-Sp-\u00b0p-I. Ah\u2265 \\\\ns\u2202 {ihn-\u00b0p-s\u2202-\u00b6n\u00ac, \\\\o \\\\ns\u201a ktlm-Z-cs\\\\ t\\\\Sn-\u00b0-gn-\u2122p. Ah\u2265 \\\\ns\u2202 {ihn-\u00b0p-\u2202n-s\u221a-\u00b6n\u00ac, \\\\o ]d-bp\u2202 Hmtcm hm\u00b0n\\\\pw ct\u2260m aqt\u2202m km\u00a3n-I-fpsS \u00ffnco-I-cWw D\u2260m-tI-\u2260-Xn\\\\v Ht\u2202m ct\u2260m t]sc Iq\u00b4n-s\u00b0m\u2260v t]mhp-I.- A-h\u2265 Ah-scbpw tI\u0192\u00b0m\u2265 hnk-\u2126-Xn-\u00b0p-\u2202p-sh-\u00b6n\u00ac, \\\\o k`-tbmSv ]d-bpI; k`-sbbpw tI\u0192\u00b0m\u2265 hnk-\u2126-Xn-\u00b0p- \u2202p-sh-\u00b6n\u00ac, Ah\u2265 \\\\n\\\\\u00b0v Np\u00b6-\u00b0m-c-s\\\\bpw hnPm-Xo-b-s\\\\-bpw-t]mse Bbn-cn-\u00b0-s\u00b4-'' (a\u00d8m 18:15- \u02db17). Cutim-bpsS Cu hN-\\\\-\u00df-fn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw sX\u2030v sN\u00f8p-Ibpw F\u2202m\u00ac sX\u2030v Nq\u2260n-\u00b0m-Wn-\u00aen\u00b4pw Xncp-\u00d8m\u2265 X\u00f8m-dm-IpIbpw sN\u00f8m-\u00d8-h\u00bf\u00b0v in\u00a3 \\\\\u00actI-\u2260-Xm-sW\u2202pw hy\u2021-am-Ip-\u2202p-\u2260v. \\\\nbaw s]m-Xp-\\\\-\u2211sb e\u00a3y-am\u00b0n D\u2260m-\u00b0n-bn-\u00b4p-\u2248-Xm-Wv. k`-bn\u00ac \\\\oXn Dd-\u220fm-\u00b0m\\\\pw icn- bmb A\u00ae-S\u00b0w Dd-\u220fp-h-cp-\u00d8m-\\\\p-ap-\u2248-Xm-W-Xv. \\\\nbaw A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p-\u2248-XmWv; ewLn-\u00b0p-hm- \\\\p-\u2248-X-\u221a. F\u221am \\\\nb-a-ew-L-\\\\-\u00dffpw sX\u2030v Xs\u2202-bmWv \u02db B \\\\nbaw AXn\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 Akm-\u2211m\u00bf\u00a7n-I- a-s\u221a-\u00b6n\u00ac. F\u2202m\u00ac F\u221am sX\u2030p-Ifpw Ip\u2030-\u00df-f-\u221a. Nne \\\\nb-a-ew-L-\\\\-\u00df\u0192 IqSp-X\u00ac Kuc-h-ta-dn-b-Xm- Ib- m\u00ac, B \\\\nba- e- wL- \\\\- \u00df- sf Ip\u2030\u00dffpsS ]\u00b4nI- b- n\u00acs\u220fS- p\u00d8- pI- bpw A\u00dfs- \\\\b- p\u2248 Ip\u2030\u00df- \u0192\u00b0p\u2248 in\u00a3-I\u0192 F\u00a5m-sW\u2202v hni-Zo-I-cn-\u00b0p-Ibpw sN\u00f8p\u2202 `mK-amWv \\\"]o\\\\\u00ac tImUv' (penal code) F\u2202 t]cn-e-dn-b-s\u220f-Sp\u2202Xv. A\u00df-s\\\\, ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8nse \\\"]o\\\\\u00ac tImUv' BWv 1400 apX\u00ac 1467 hsc-bp\u2248 Imt\\\\m-\\\\-I-fn\u00ac Ccp-]-\u00d8n-tbgmw io\u00bfj-I-\u00d8n\u2265 Iogn\u00ac ImW-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202-Xv. CXn\\\\v X\u00d8p-ey-ambn e\u00d8o\u2265k-`-bpsS in\u00a3m-\\\\n-baw 1311 apX\u00ac 1399 hsc-bp\u2248 Imt\\\\m-\\\\-I-fn- embpw ImW-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202p. Ch c\u2260pw \\\"\\\"C\u00a5y\u2265 ]o\\\\\u00ac tImUv'' (Indian Penal Code) F\u2202 t]cn-e-dn-b- s\u220f-Sp\u2202 in\u00a3m-\\\\n-b-a-kw-ln-Xbv\u00b0v X\u00d8p-ey-am-sW\u2202v ImWm-hp-\u2202-Xm-Wv. ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8nse Ccp-]-\u00d8n-tbgmw io\u00bfjIw c\u2260v A\u2264ym-b-\u00df-fmbn Xncn-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p- \u2202p. AXn\u00ac H\u2202mw A\u2264ym-b-\u00d8n\u00ac (cc. 1400-1435)- Ip-\u2030-\u00df-sfbpw in\u00a3-I-sfbpw Ipdn\u00aev s]m-Xp- hmbpw c\u2260m-a-\u2264ym-b-\u00d8n\u00ac (cc. 1436-1467) hnhn[ Ip\u2030-\u00df\u0192\u00b0v k`m-\\\\n-b-a-a-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev \\\\evIm-hp-\u2202, AYhm \\\\evtI\u2260 in\u00a3-I-sf-\u220f\u2030nbpamWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265\\\\n-b-a-\u00d8nse in\u00a3m-\\\\n-b-a-\u00df-fpsS G\u2030hpw {][m-\\\\-amb Hcp s]m-Xp-kz-`m-h-sa\u2202v ]d-bp\u2202Xv Ip\u2030-\u00dfsf tcmK-ambpw in\u00a3-Isf tcmKw am\u2030p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 acp-\u2202p-am-bn\u00b4v Nn{Xo-I-cn-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p\u2202p F\u2202-Xm-Wv. tcmKw amdp-hm\u2265 ]e-t\u220fmgpw NnIn\u2019 Bh-iy-ambn hcpw. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac in\u00a3-bm-Ip\u2202 acp\u2202v \\\\evIp-hm\u2265 A[n-Im-cn- I\u0192 Aam-\u00a5n-\u00b0-cpXv; in\u00a3 BXy-\u00a5n-I-ambn in\u00a3n-\u00b0-s\u220f-Sp\u2202 hy\u2021n-bpsS c\u00a3-bv\u00b0p-th\u2260nbp\u2248- XmWv F\u2202o Bi-b-\u00df\u0192 Cu Nn\u00a5m-[m-c-bpsS ]n\u2202n-ep-\u2260v. 1401-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\njvI\u00bfjn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"hgn-sX-\u2030n-t\u220fmb BSp-Isf XncnsI sIm-\u2260p-h- cm\u2265 ssZhw F\u221am-hn[ am\u00bf\u00a7-\u00df-fpw D]-tbm-Kn-\u00b0p-\u2202p; AXn-\\\\m\u00ac Agn-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw sI\u00b4p-hm\\\\pw Ahn- Sp-\u2202n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v A[n-Imcw e`n-\u00aen-\u00b4p-\u2248-h\u00bf Ip\u2030w sNbvXn-\u00b4p-\u2248-h-cpsS tcmKw, \u00a3a-bnepw {]t_m-[-\\\\- \u00d8nepw Hcn-\u00b0epw hogvN hcp-\u00d8m-sX-Xs\u2202, Xncp\u00d8epw imk-\\\\bpw At]\u00a3-bpw-hgn th\u2260-co-Xn- bn\u00ac NnIn-\u2019n-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xm-Wv. Ip\u2030w-h-gn-bmbn D\u2260mb apdn-hp-I\u0192 kpJ-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8m\\\\pw, A\u00dfs\\\\ Ip\u2030w sNbvX-h\u00bf \\\\ncm-i-bpsS K\u00bf\u00d8-\u00d8n\u00ac hogp-\u2202Xpw, Pohn-X-\u00d8n\u00ac am\u2030w hcp-\u00d8msX sX\u2030n\u00ac Dd-\u00aep-\\\\n- ev\u00b0p-\u2202Xpw \\\\nb-a-t\u00d8mSv Ah\u2044 ImWn-\u00b0p-\u2202Xpw Hgn-hm-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p-ambn Ah\u00bf in\u00a3-I\u0192 t]mepw Npa-t\u00d8-\u2260-Xm-Wv.'' Cu Bap-J- Im-t\\\\m\\\\ hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p\u2202 Imcyw, Ip\u2030w sNbvX-h\u00bf\u00b0p-t\\\\sc k`m- [n-Im-cn-I\u0192\u00b0p\u2248 at\\\\m-`mhw F\u00a5m-bn-cn-\u00b0Ww F\u2202p\u2248-Xm-Wv. Cu at\\\\m-`m-h-\u00d8n\u00ac kvt\\\\lw, IcpW, kln-jvWpX F\u2202o KpW-K-W-\u00df\u0192 am{X-a-\u221a- D-\u2260m-bn-cn-t\u00b0-\u2260Xv; {]XypX k`-bpsS \\\\\u2211bv\u00b0pw B\ufb02m-\u00b0-fpsS c\u00a3bv\u00b0pw Bh-iy-ambn hcp-t\u00bam\u0192 Xncp-\u00d8epw imk-\\\\bpw in\u00a3-bp- sa\u221amw Bh-iy-amb Af-hn\u00ac D\u2260m-tI-\u2260-Xm-Wv. as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d-\u2122m\u00ac, Im\\\\\u2265\\\\n-b-a-\u00d8ns\u201a BXy-\u00a5n-I -e-\u00a3y-amb B\ufb02m-\u00b0-fpsS c\u00a3 (salus animarum: cf. CIC c.1752) km[n-X-am-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\\\\v in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-I\u0192 Bh-iy-ambn hcp\u2202 k\u00b5\u00bf`-\u00df-fn\u00ac in\u00a3-bpsS hm\u0192 (cf. tdma 13:4) FSp-\u00b0pI F\u2202p-\u2248Xv AXn-\\\\mbn \\\\ntbm-Kn-\u00b0-s\u220f-\u00b4n-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-ihpw IS-a-bp-am-Wv. \\\"\\\"\\\\ns\u201a ktlm-Z-c\u2265 sX\u2030v sNbvXm\u00ac Abmsf imkn-\u00b0pI'' (eq\u00b0m 17:3) F\u2202 I\u00bf\u00d8m-hns\u201a hy\u2021-amb \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1iw I\u00bf\u00d8m-hns\u201a kvt\\\\l-\u00d8n-s\u201abpw Icp-W-bp-sSbpw t]cv ]d-\u2122p-sIm\u2260v Nh-\u2030p-sIm-\u00b4-bn\u00ac X\u2248ph- m\\\\- p\u2248- X- \u221a- . Cu imk\\\\- b- psS e\u00a3yw, Ip\u2030w sNbvX hy\u2021nb- psS am\\\\k- m\u00a5- c- a- ms- W\u2202v ASp\u00d8 hN-\\\\-\u00d8n-eqsS I\u00bf\u00d8mhv hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p-\u2202p-ap-\u2260v: \\\"\\\"A\\\\p-X-]n-\u00b0p-\u2202p-sh-\u00b6n\u00ac Abm-tfmSv \u00a3an-\u00b0pI'' (eq\u00b0 17:3). F\u2202m\u00ac A\\\\p-X-]n-\u00b0msX kz\u00a5w sX\u2030n\u00ac Dd\u00aep \\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p-\u2202-h-tcmSv I\u00bf\u00d8mhv Xs\u201a IcpW- m\u00bf{Zkvt\\\\lt- am, \u00a3an\u00b0- p\u2202 kvt\\\\ltam ImWn\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- \u221a Bhi- ys- \u220fS- p\u2202- X- v, {]XypX- , Ahs\\\\ \\\"\\\"Np\u00b6-\u00b0m-c-s\\\\bpw hnPm-Xo-b-s\\\\-bpw-t]mse'' ImWp-hm-\\\\mWv (a\u00d8m 18:17); AXm-b-Xv, Abmsf k`m- k-aq-l-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v ]pd-\u00a5-\u2248p-hm-\\\\m-Wv.- C-Xp-X-s\u2202-bmWv henb al-tdm\u2265 in\u00a3-hgn Hcmsf in\u00a3n- \u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192 k`m-[n-Im-cn-I\u0192 sN\u00f8p-\u2202-Xpw. Cutim-an-inlm Cu `qan-bn\u00ac Ah-Xo\u00bf\u00c6-\\\\m-bXv a\\\\p-jy-hw-i-\u00d8ns\u201a c\u00a3-bv\u00b0m-bmWv; ]m]n-I- sf-t\u00d8-Sn-bmWv; ]\u203am-\u00d8-]n-\u00b0p\u2202 ]m]n-Isf [q\u00bf\u00d8-]p-{Xs\u201a ]nXm-hn-s\\\\-t\u220fmse Xt\u2202mSv tN\u00bf\u00d8p- 88","]n-Sn\u00aev c\u00a3n-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\mWv; Xs\u201a Imcp-Wy-\u00b0-S-ep-sIm\u2260v IgpIn ip\u2264o-I-cn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\m-Wv.- F-\u2202m\u00ac, Ip\u2030w Bh\u00bf\u00d8n-\u00b0p-Ibpw Ip\u2030-I-c-amb Pohn-X-\u00d8n\u00ac bmsXmcp a\\\\-kvXm-]-hp-an-\u221amsX Dd-\u00aep-\\\\n-ev\u00b0p-Ibpw sN\u00f8p-\u2202-h-tcmSv Cu Icp-Wm\u00bf{Z-kvt\\\\lw ImWn-\u00b0-W-sa-\u2202\u221a hN\\\\w \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-in-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv; {]Xyp-X, Ah-cn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v AI-\u2202p-\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0-W-sa\u2202p Xs\u2202-bm-Wv. -hn. ]utemkv \u00abolm Xntam-\u00d8nsb C\u00dfs\\\\ D]-tZ-in-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"F\u2202m\u00ac CXv a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0n-s\u00b0m-\u2248p-I. Ah-km-\\\\-\\\\m-fn\u00ac t\u00a2i-]q\u00bf\u00c6-\u00df-fmb ka- b-\u00df\u0192 hcpw. Fs\u00a5-\u2202m\u00ac At\u220fm\u0192 a\\\\p-jy\u00bf kzm\u00bf\u221e-X-ev]-ccpw {Zhym-{K-ln-Ifpw Al-\u00b6m-cn-Ifpw K\u00bfhn-jvTcpw ssZh-Zq-j-Icpw amXm-]n-Xm-\u00b0sf A\\\\pk-cn-\u00b0m-\u00d8-hcpw IrX-Lv\\\\cpw hnip-\u2264n-bn-\u221am- \u00d8-h-cp-am-bn-cn-\u00b0pw.- A-h\u00bf a\\\\p-jy-Xz-an-\u221am-\u00d8-hcpw hnt[-b-Xz-an-\u221am-\u00d8-hcpw A]-hm-Z-\u00d8n-te\u00bfs\u220f-Sp- \u2202-hcpw B\ufb02-kw-b-a-\\\\-an-\u221am-\u00d8-hcpw {Iqccpw \\\\\u2211sb shdp-\u00b0p-\u2202-h-cp-am-bn-cn-\u00b0pw. Ah\u00bf h\u00a9-Icpw FSp\u00d8- pN- m\u00b4- \u00b0- mcpw Al\u00a5- b- p\u2248- h- cpw ssZhs\u00d8 kvt\\\\ln\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\- p]- I- cw kpJt- `mK- \u00df- f- n\u00ac Bk- \u2021n-bp-\u2248-hcpw Bbn-cn-\u00b0pw. Ah\u00bf aX\u00d8ns\u201a _mly-cq-]s\u00d8 \\\\ne-\\\\n\u00bf\u00d8n-s\u00b0m\u2260v AXns\u201a ssNX- \\\\ys\u00d8 \\\\ntj-[n-\u00b0pw. Xm\u00b6\u0192 Ahsc hn\u00b4-I-epI'' (2 Xntam 3:1\u02db5). hnip\u2264 ]utemkv Xot\u00d8m-kn\\\\v sIm-Sp-\u00b0p\u2202 \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-ihpw kam-\\\\-amWv: \\\"\\\"`n\u2202n\u00aev \\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p-\u2202- hs\\\\ Ht\u2202m ct\u2260m {]mhiyw KpW-tZm-jn-\u00ae-tijw A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0m-\u00d8-]\u00a3w Ah-\\\\n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v AI- \u2202p-\\\\n\u00ac\u00b0p-I. A\u00df-s\\\\-bp-\u2248-h\u2265 Zp\u00bfam\u00bf\u00a7nbpw ]m]nbpw BIp\u2202p; Ah\u2265 Ip\u2030-hm-fn-sb\u2202v kzbw hn[n-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202p-sh\u2202pw Xm\u00b6\u0192 Adn-bp-\u2202p-\u2260t\u221am'' (Xot\u00d8m 3:10-\u02db11). A\\\\p-k-c-W-t\u00b0-Sn\\\\v in\u00a3 Bh-iy-am-sW\u2202v ]utem-kv\u00abolm sXk-tem-Wn-\u00b0-\u00b0m\u00bf\u00b0p\u2248 teJ-\\\\-\u00d8nepw hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p-\u2202p\u2260v: \\\"\\\"Cu teJ-\\\\-\u00d8n\u00ac R\u00df\u0192 ]d-bp\u2202 \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-i-\u00df\u0192 Bsc-\u00b6nepw A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0m-Xn-cn-\u00b0p-s\u2202-\u00b6n\u00ac Ahs\\\\ kq\u00a3n-\u00b0pI; Ah\u2265 e\u00f7n-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xn\\\\v Ah-t\\\\m-Sp\u2248 kwk\u00bf\u00a7w Dt]-\u00a3n-\u00b0pI. Ahs\\\\ i{Xp-hmbn IW-\u00b0m-\u00b0-cp-Xv. {]Xyp-X, Hcp ktlm-Z-c-s\\\\-sb-\u2202-t]mse D]-tZ-in-\u00b0p-hn\u2265'' (2 sXk 3:14-\u02db15). sIm-do-\u00a5nse k`-bv\u00b0p\u2248 H\u2202mw teJ-\\\\-\u00d8nepw Ip\u2030w sNbvXv Ip\u2030-\u00d8n\u00ac XpS-cp-\u2202-hs\\\\ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kaq-l-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v ]pd-\u00d8m-\u00b0-W-sa\u2202v hn. ]utemkv Iev]n-\u00b0p-\u2202p\u2260v: \\\"\\\"C\u00dfs\\\\ sNbvX-hs\\\\ \\\\n\u00df-fpsS kaq-l-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw DSs\\\\ am\u2030n-\u00b0-f-bp-hn\u2265'' (1 tImdn 5:2). At\u00b1lw XpS\u00bf\u2202v C\u00dfs\\\\ Fgp-Xp\u2202p: \\\"\\\"... Cu lo\\\\-IrXyw sNbvX-h-s\\\\-\u220f\u2030n I\u00bf\u00d8m-hmb Cutim-bpsS \\\\ma-\u00d8n\u00ac Rm\u2265 hn[n-hm-NIw D\u00ae-cn\u00aev Ign-\u2122n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202p. Fs\u201a B\ufb02ob km\u2202n-\u2264y-\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\n\u00df\u0192 kt\u2126-fn\u00aev \\\\\u2126psS I\u00bf\u00d8m-hmb Cutim-bpsS A[n-Imcw {]tbm-Kn\u00aev B a\\\\p-jys\\\\ km\u00d8m\\\\v Gev]n-\u00aep-sIm- Sp-\u00b0p-I. A\u00dfs\\\\ Ahs\u201a icocw \\\\in-\u00b0p-Ibpw, F\u2202m\u00ac I\u00bf\u00d8m-hmb Cutim-bpsS Znhkw Ahs\u201a B\ufb02mhv c\u00a3-s]Sp-Ibpw sN\u00f8-s\u00b4'' (1 tImdn 5:5). ]utem-kns\u201a Cu \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-i-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw Hcp Imcyw hy\u2021-am-Wv. in\u00a3n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv, BXy-\u00a5n-I-ambn c\u00a3n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\p-th-\u2260n-\u00d8-s\u2202-bm-Wv. Ip\u2030- \u00d8n\u00ac XpS-cp-\u2202-hsc am\\\\-km-\u00a5-c-\u00d8n-te\u00b0v \\\\bn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 th\u2260n-\u00d8-s\u2202-bmWv in\u00a3n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. AXhcpsS c\u00a3bv\u00b0pw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kaq-l-\u00d8ns\u201a hf\u00bf\u00aebv\u00b0pw \\\\ne-\\\\n-ev]n-\\\\pw Bhiy-am-Wv. AXn\\\\- m\u00ac, am\\\\k- m\u00a5- c- s- \u220fS- m\u00d8 {Inan\\\\- e- pI- sf I\u00bf\u00d8mh- ns\u201a ImcpW- y\u00d8- ns\u201a t]cp]- d- \u2122v tN\u00bf\u00d8p- \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8p-I-b\u221a th\u2260-Xv, {]XypX, \\\\ymbamb in\u00a3 \\\\evIp-I-bm-Wv. 1.1 ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8nse in\u00a3-I\u0192 (Penalties) ip{iq-jm-]u-tcm-ln-Xy-\u00d8n-ep\u2248h\u00bf\u00b0v In\u00b4m-hp\u2202 {][m\\\\ in\u00a3-I\u0192 sshZn-I-ip-{iqj \u00ffm\\\\- \u00d8p-\\\\n\u2202v \\\\o\u00b0w sN\u00f8\u00ac (deposition or dismissal from clerical state), Xmgv\u2202 ]Z-hn-bn-te\u00b0v Xcw- Xm-gv\u00d8\u00ac (demotion), kkvs]\u2265j\u2265 (suspension) F\u2202n-h-bm-sW-\u00b6nepw henb al-tdm\u2265 in\u00a3 (major excommunication) bpw F\u221am hnizm-kn-I\u0192\u00b0pw \\\\evIm-hp\u2202 G\u2030hpw henb in\u00a3-bmbn Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8n\u00ac \u00ffm\\\\w ]nSn-\u00aen-\u00b4p-\u2260v. ip{iqjm ]utcm-ln-Xy-\u00d8ns\u201a Hcp ]Z-hn-bnepw F\u00d8m\u00d8 ssZh-P-\\\\s\u00d8 kw_-\u2018n-\u00aen-S-t\u00d8mfw henb al-tdm\u2265 in\u00a3bv\u00b0v ]pdsa sNdnb al-tdm\u2265 in\u00a3 (minor excommunication) F\u2202v hnfn-\u00b0p\u2202 hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ kzoI-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\u00ac\\\\n-\u2202p\u2248 hne\u00b0v, AYhm hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bn\u00ac ]s\u00b6-Sp-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\u00ac\\\\n-\u2202p\u2248 hne\u00b0v D\u0192s\u220fsS sIm\u2260v in\u00a3n-\u00b0p- hm\u2265 km[n-\u00b0pw. sNdnb al-tdm\u2265 in\u00a3-sb-\u220f\u2030n 1431-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS H\u2202mw JWvUnI C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-in-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"sNdnb al-tdm\u2265 in\u00a3-bn\u00acs\u220f\u00b4n-\u00b4p-\u2248-h\u00bf hn. Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ kzoI-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202Xn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw am\u2030n \\\\ndp-\u00d8-s\u220f-\u00b4n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202p. IqSm-sX, hn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bn\u00ac kw_-\u2018n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw, ]c-ky-ambn ssZhm-cm-[\\\\ \\\\S-\u00b0p\u2202 ka-b\u00d8v ]\u2248n-bn\u00ac {]th-in-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202p-t]mepw, Ahsc Hgn-hm-\u00b0p- hm\u2265 km[n-\u00b0pw.'' henb al-tdm\u2265 in\u00a3-sb-\u220f\u2030n 1434-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS H\u2202pw c\u2260pw JWvUn-I- I-fn\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\njvI\u00bfjn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"henb al-tdm\u2265 in\u00a3 Hcp-hs\\\\ Imt\\\\m\\\\ 1431 \u00a71\u02db\u00ac kqNn- \u220fn-\u00b0p\u2202 F\u221am-\u00b0m-cy-\u00df\u0192\u00b0pw ]pd-ta, a\u2030v IqZm-i-I\u0192 kzoI-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw, IqZm-i-Ifpw IqZm- im-\\\\p-I-c-W-\u00dffpw ]cn-I\u00bf\u2126w sN\u00f8p-\u2202-Xn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw GsX-\u00b6nepw DtZym-K-\u00dftfm ip{iq-j-Itfm Npa- X-e-Itfm \\\\n\u00bfh-ln-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw `c-W-\\\\-S-]-Sn-I\u0192 \\\\S-\u00d8p-\u2202-Xn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw hne-\u00b0p-\u2202p. F\u2202n-cp- \u2202m-epw, `c-W-\\\\-S-]-Sn-I\u0192 \\\\S-\u00d8p-I-bm-sW-\u00b6n\u00ac Ah \\\\nb-a-\u00d8m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 Akm-[p-hm-Wv. henb al-tdm\u2265 in\u00a3-bn\u00acs\u220f-\u00b4n-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 Hcp hy\u2021n hn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bnepw ssZhm-cm-[-\\\\-bpsS a\u2030v ]c-kym- tLm-j-\u00df-fnepw ]s\u00b6-Sp-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw AI-\u2030n-\\\\n\u00bf\u00d8-s\u220f-tS-\u2260-Xm-Wv. ChnsS {it\u2264b- a- mb Hcp Imcyw, henb alt- dm\u2265 in\u00a3b- ne- mb- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 Hcp hnizmk- n, hnizmk- - 89","ka- ql- \u00d8- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw \\\\nba- wa- qew _lnj- vIrX- \\\\- mI- b- m\u00ac, B hy\u2021n hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- ntem a\u2030v ]cky ssZhmc- m[- \\\\- b- ntem ]s\u00b6S- p\u00b0- p\u2202- Xv \\\\nba- h- nc- p\u2264- hpw \\\\nba- e- wL- \\\\- h- pa- mI- b- m\u00ac, AXn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v Abmsf AI\u2030n \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8W- s- a\u2202 \\\\nba- a- mW- v. BcmWv CXv sNt\u00f8\u2260- s- X\u2202- mWv {]k\u2021- a- mb Hcp tNmZyw. kmam\\\\- yK- X- nb- n\u00ac sshZnI- \u2265 _enb- \u00bf\u220fn\u00ae- ps- Im\u2260- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202 kab- \u00d8- mWv, C\u00dfs\\\\ henb alt- dm\u2265 in\u00a3b- n\u00acs]\u00b4 Hcm\u0192 tZhme- b- \u00d8- n\u00ac {]thi- n\u00b0- p\u2202- s- X\u00b6- n\u00ac Xo\u00bf\u00aeb- mbpw Im\u00bf\u2126nI- \\\\- mb sshZnI- \\\\v hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- \u00bf\u220fWw \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8nh- \u00ae- t- ijw Bsf ]pd\u00d8- m\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- p\u2248 \\\\S]- S- nI- f- nt- e\u00b0v IS\u00b0- ph- m\\\\- mh- n\u221a- . At\u220fm\u0192 ]ns\u2202, Cu D\u00d8c- h- mZ- nXzw kzm`mh- nI- a- mbpw k\\\\yk- vXcpw B\ufb02mb- c- p- amb tZhme- b- \u00d8- ne- p\u2248 a\u2030v hnizmk- nI- f- ne- mWv h\u2202pt- Nc- p\u2202- X- v. as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d\u2122- m\u00ac, \\\\nba- h- n- cp\u2264- a- mbn, hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\- b- n\u00ac ]s\u00b6S- p\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 tZhme- b- \u00d8- ns- e\u00d8- p\u2202 Hcp alt- dm\u2265 in\u00a3bv\u00b0v hnt[b- \\\\- mb hy\u2021nsb ]\u2248nb- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v _ew {]tbmK- n\u00ae- pt- ]mepw Cd\u00b0nh- nS- ph- m\\\\- p\u2248 AhI- mi- hpw ISa- bpw B tZhme- b- \u00d8- n\u00ac At\u220fm\u0192 k\u2202nl- nX- c- mb- n\u00b4- p\u2248 hnizmk- k- a- ql- \u00d8- n\\\\- p\u2260- v. _e{- ]t- bmKw Bhi- ym\\\\- pk- c- W- a- p\u2248- Xv am{Xa- mIWsa\u2202pw as\u2030mcp hy\u2021nt- bbpw AImc- W- a- mbn D]{- Zh- n\u00b0- ph- mt\\\\m apd- nt- he- v]n\u00b0- ph- mt\\\\m B\u00bf\u00b0pw AhI- mi- a- n\u221a F\u2202Xpw C\u00d8c- pW- \u00d8- n\u00ac Hm\u00bft\u00b0\u2260- X- mW- v. \\\\ymb- amb _e{- ]t- bmKw (proportionate force) F{Xa- m{- Xs- a\u2202v ap\u2265Iq\u00b4n ]db- m\\\\- mh- n\u221a F\u2202Xpw kzbc- \u00a3- - bv\u00b0p\u2248 AhI- miw (right to self defense) Hcp a\\\\pj- ymh- I- mi- a- ms- W\u2202- p\u2248- Xpw {]tXyIw {]kvXmh- y- amWv. henb alt- dm\u2265 in\u00a3bn\u00acs\u220f\u00b4 hy\u2021nb- psS Imcy\u00d8- ne- mWv ChnsS Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbaw hnizmk- n- If- psS \\\\nba- e- wL- \\\\- \u00d8- ns- \\\\X- ns- cb- p\u2248 {]XnI- c- W- \u00d8- n\\\\- p\u2248 D\u00d8c- h- mZ- nXzs- \u00d8\u220f- \u2030n ChnsS kqNn\u220f- n- \u00b0p\u2202- s- X\u00b6- nepw, a\u2030v ]e Ahk- c- \u00df- f- nepw \\\\nba- e- wL- \\\\- \u00df- \u0192s\u00b0X- nsc {]XnI- c- n\u00b0- ph- m\u2265 hnizmk- a- q- l\u00d8- n\\\\v AhI- mi- hpw ISa- b- pa- p\u2260- v F\u2202X- pw hnkvac- n\u00b0- mh- p\u2202- X- \u221a- . DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ \\\"\\\"ssIs\u00b0m\u2260'' Hcp hy\u2021n AXv \\\"\\\"D\u0192s\u00b0m-\u2248msX'' B Znhy- Im-cp-Wy-hp-ambn t]mIp-\u2202Xv I\u2260m\u00ac, ImWp\u2202 hnizmkn Abmsf XS-tb-\u2260-Xpw, B hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ Ahn-sS-h-\u00aep-Xs\u2202, B \\\\nan-jw-X-s\u2202, D\u0192s\u00b0m-\u2248p-hm\u2265 Abmsf \\\\n\u00bf_-\u2018n-t\u00b0-\u2260Xpw Abm\u0192 hnk-\u2126-Xn-\u00b0p-\u2202-]\u00a3w Abmsf ]\u2248n-bn\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 XS-\u2122p-\\\\n\u00bf\u00d8n, a\u2030v hnizm-kn-I-fpsS klm-b-hpw, Bh-iy-sa-\u00b6n\u00ac t]m-eo-kns\u201a klm-bhpw tXSn, B \\\\nbahncp\u2264 \\\\S-]-Sn-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw Bsf ]n\u2265Xnc- n\u220f- nt- \u00b0\u2260- -Xpa- mW- v. as\u2030mcp hm\u00b0n\u00ac ]d- -\u2122m\u00ac, \\\\nba- h- nc- p\u2264 \\\\S-]S- n-I\u0192 sN\u00f8p-hmt\\\\m AXn\u00ac XpS-cp-hmt\\\\m B\u00bf\u00b0pw Ah-Im-i-an-\u221a. F\u2202m\u00ac \\\\nb-a-hn-cp\u2264 {]h\u00bf\u00d8-\\\\-\u00df\u0192 I\u2260m\u00ac, AXv XS-bp-hm-\\\\p\u2248 Ah-Im-ihpw IS-abpw F\u221am hnizm-kn-I\u0192\u00b0pw ]e kml-N-cy-\u00df-fn-ep-ap\u2260v F\u2202p- \u2248-Xm-Wv. ]ptcm-ln-X\u00bf\u00b0v In\u00b4m-hp\u2202 in\u00a3-bn\u00ac G\u2030hpw IqSp-X-embn D]-tbm-Kn\u00aev ImWp-\u2202Xv \\\"kkvs]\u2265j\u2265' F\u2202 in\u00a3-bm-Wv. 1432\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS H\u2202mw J\ufb01n-I-bn\u00ac Cu in\u00a3sb-\u220f\u2030n C\u00dfs\\\\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Xncp-\u220f-\u00b4-\u00d8n-s\u201atbm `c-W-\u00d8n-s\u201atbm A[n-Im-c-\u00df\u0192 F\u221am-\u00d8n-t\\\\m- Sptam Nne-Xn-t\\\\m-Sp-tam, Hcp DtZym-K-tam, ip{iq-j-tbm- Np-a-X-etbm Bbn _\u2018-s\u220f\u00b4 {]hr-\u00d8n- Itfm Ah-Im-i-\u00df-tfm- F-\u221am-\u00d8n-t\\\\mtSm Nne-Xn-t\\\\m-tSm- Bbn _\u2018-s\u220f-\u00b4-XmImw kkvs]\u2265j\u2265. \\\\nb-a-\u00d8n\u00ac t\\\\c-s\u00d8-Xs\u2202 \\\\n\u203a-bn-\u00aen-\u00b4n-\u221am-\u00d8-]\u00a3w kkvs]\u2265js\u201a hym]vXn hn[n-bntem Iev]- \\\\-bntem Xs\u2202 \\\\n\u203a-bn-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xm-Wv.'' ChnsS {]Xn-]m-Zn-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 kkvs]\u2265j\u2265 Hcp in\u00a3 (ca- nonical penalty) bmWv. AXv \\\\evIp-\u2202Xv k`m-t\u00b0m-S-Xn-bnse Hcp hn[n-bn-eq-sStbm As\u221a-\u00b6n\u00ac cq]- Xm-sa-{Xmt\\\\m X\u00d8pey ]Z-hn-bntem AXnepw Db\u00bf\u2202 ]Z-hn-bn-eptam D\u2248 Hc-[n-Im-cn-bpsS Iev]-\\\\- h-gntbm am{X-am-bn-cn-\u00b0pw. F\u2202m\u00ac, icn\u00b0pw ]d-\u2122m\u00ac, Hcp-in-\u00a3-b-\u221am\u00d8 \\\"kkvs]\u2265j\u2265' ]uckvXy ]m\u203amXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8n-ep\u2260v (CCEO c. 1473, CIC c. 1722). AXn-\\\\mWv At\\\\z-j- W-hn-t[-b-amb kkvs]\u2265j\u2265 F\u2202v ]d-bp-\u2202-Xv. Kuc-h-amb Hcp ]cmXn Hcp sshZn-I-s\\\\-\u220f\u2030n e`n- \u00aem\u00ac, B sshZn-Is\u201a cq]-Xm-sa-{Xm\u2265, AY-hm, k\\\\ym-k-ssh-Zn-Is\u201a Imcy-\u00d8n-em-sW-\u00b6n\u00ac, B sshZn-Is\u201a s{]m-hn\u2265jy\u00ac kp\u220fo-cn-b\u00bf, DS-s\\\\-Xs\u2202 Hcp Un{In-hgn Hcp {]mcw` At\\\\z-j-W-\u00d8n\\\\v D\u00d8-c-hn-Sp-Ibpw A\u00b0q-\u00b4\u00d8n\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 as\u2030mcp Un{In-hgn, Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-Xs\\\\ At\\\\z-j-W-hn-t[-b-ambn kkvs]\u2265Uv sN\u00f8p-Ibpw sN\u00f8p-\u2202-Xm-Wn-Xv. Innocent until proven guilty: Hcm\u0192 Ip\u2030-\u00b0m-c-\\\\mbn hn[n-\u00b0-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202-Xp-hsc, Abmsf \\\\nc-]-cm-[n-bm-bmWv ImtW-\u2260-Xv. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202, Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n- X-s\\\\-Xn-sc-bp\u2248 C\u00df-s\\\\-bp\u2248 kkvs]\u2265j\u2265 Hcp in\u00a3-b-\u221a-Xm-\\\\pw. 1473\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\njvI\u00bfjn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"DX-\u220fp-\u2260m-Ip-\u2202Xv XS-bp-hm\\\\pw km\u00a3nI-fpsS kzmX{\u00a5yw kwc-\u00a3n-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw \\\\oXn ]cn-c-\u00a3n-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p-ambn, hnNm-c-W-bpsS GXv Xe-\u00d8nepw L\u00b4-\u00d8nepw, \\\\oXn-kw-c-\u00a3-Is\\\\ {ihn-\u00ae-Xn-\\\\p-ti-jhpw, Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-Xs\\\\ Adn-bn-\u00ae-ti-jhpw Xncp-\u220f-\u00b4-\u00df\u0192, DtZym-Kw, ip{iqj As\u221a- \u00b6n\u00ac as\u2030mcp Npa-Xe F\u2202n-h-bpsS hn\\\\n-tbm-K-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-Xs\\\\ XS-bp-\u2202-Xn\\\\pw Hcp \\\\n\u203an-X-\u00ff-et\u00d8m {]tZ-it\u00d8m D\u2248 hmkw Npa-\u00d8p-\u2202Xn-t\\\\m, hne-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xnt\\\\m hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m- \\\\-bpsS ]c-ky-amb kzoI-c-W-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n-\u2202p-t]mepw XS-bp-\u2202-Xn-\\\\ptam tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\\\\v Ign-bp-\u2202-Xm-Wv. Cu \\\\S-]-Sn-I\u0192\u00b0p\u2248 ImcWw C\u221am-Xm-Ip-t\u00bam\u0192 Ah ]n\u2265h-en-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xm-Wv. {Inan-\\\\\u00ac hy-h-lmcw Ah-km-\\\\n-\u00b0p-\u2202-tXmsS \\\\nb-a-\u00d8m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 Ah C\u221am-Xm-hp-Ibpw sN\u00f8pw.'' Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\- b- psS aq\u2202v e\u00a3y\u00df- f- ns- em\u2202v kaql- \u00d8- ne- p\u2260- mb- n\u00b4- p\u2248, AYhm D\u2260mI- ph- m\u2265 km\u2264y- 90","X-bp\u2248 DX\u220fv (scandal) XS-bpI F\u2202-Xm-Wv. \\\"\\\"hnNm-c-W-bpsS GXv Xe-\u00d8nepw L\u00b4-\u00d8nepw'' F\u2202 \\\\n_-\u2018\\\\ (at any stage and grade of the penal trial) ]e-cnepw sX\u2030n-\u2264m-c-W-bp-f-hm-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xmbn ImW-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202p-\u2260v. AXp-sIm-\u2260p-Xs\u2202, k`m-t\u00b0m-S-Xn-bnse {Inan-\\\\\u00ac hnNm-c-W-bm-cw-`n\u00aev (penal trial) Ign-bp-t\u00bam\u0192 am{Xta C\u00d8-c-\u00d8n\u00ac 1473\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ D]-tbm-Kn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 km[n-\u00b0p-I-bp\u2248q F\u2202v Icp-Xp-\u2202-h-cp-ap-\u2260v. F\u2202m\u00ac CXv icn-b\u221a. ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8nse 28\u02dbmw io\u00bfj-I-\u00d8ns\u201a c\u2260mw A\u2264ym-b-\u00d8ns\u201a Xe-s\u00b0\u00b4v {Inan-\\\\\u00ac hnNm-cW (penal trial) F\u2202mWv. AXns\u201a H\u2202mw `mK- amWv {]mY-anI At\\\\z-jWw (cc. 1468-1470). AXn-\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202, hnNm-c-W-bpsS GXv Xe-\u00d8nepw L\u00b4-\u00d8n-ep-sa\u2202v ]d-bp-\u2202Xv \\\"{]mY-anI At\\\\z-jW'L\u00b4-\u00d8n-ep-sa\u2202v a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xm-Wv. B\\\\p-Im-enI kw`-h-hn-Im-k-\u00df-fpsS ]\u203am-\u00d8-e-\u00d8n\u00ac Nn\u00a5n-\u00aem\u00ac hf-sc-b-[n-Iw -{]m-[m-\\\\y-a\u00bfln- \u00b0p\u2202 Hcp Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bmWv 1473. Fd-Wm-Ip-fs\u00d8 I\u00d8o-{U\u00ac tZhm-e-b-amb sk\u201a v tacokv _k- en\u00b0- b- n\u00ac AXn{- Ia- n\u00aev IS\u2202v, A\\\\ph- mZ- a- n\u221a- ms- X- XpS- \u00bf\u00aeb- mbn \\\\nba- e- wL- \\\\ Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ (illicit) A\u00bf\u220fn- \u00b0p-Itbm {]Xy-\u00a3-ambn t\\\\m\u00b0n-bm\u00ac I]-S-ambn _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p-Itbm (simulation of the celebra- tion of the Divine Liturgy) sNbvX Hcp ]\u2030w hna-X-ssh-Zn-I\u00bfs\u00b0-Xnsc A\u220f-kvtXm-enIv AUvan-\\\\n- kvt{S-\u2030\u00bf I\u2126o-j-s\\\\-h\u00aev {]mY-anI At\\\\z-jWw {]Jym-]n-\u00ae-t\u220fm\u0192\u00d8s\u2202, Ahsc 1473\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ {]Imcw At\\\\z-j-W-hn-t[-b-ambn kkvs]\u2265Uv sN\u00f8m-am-bn-cp-\u2202p. A\u00dfs\\\\ sNbvXn-cp-\u2202p-sh-\u00b6n\u00ac, 2022 Unkw-_\u00bf 23, 24 Xob-Xn-I-fn\u00ac _k-en-\u00b0-bn\u00ac kw`-hn\u00ae Akzo-Im-cyhpw F{Xbpw A]-e-]- \\\\o-b-hp-amb hna-X-ssh-Zn-I-cpsS \\\\S-]-Sn-I\u0192 C{X-bp-a-[n-Iw- D-X-\u220fn\\\\v Imc-W-am-hp-I-bn-\u221am-bn-cp-\u2202p.- ]- cn-ip\u2264 knwlm-k-\\\\-\u00d8ns\u201a \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-itam CS-s]-Stem IqSmsX GsXmcp tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\\\\pw (hierarch) D]-tbm-Kn-\u00b0m-hp\u2202 Hcp Xmev\u00b0m-enI \\\\S-]-Sn-{Iaw (interim measure) BWv \\\"\\\"administrative leave'' F\u2202 Hma-\\\\-t\u220f-cn\u00ac e\u00d8o\u2265k-`-bnse ]e Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-]-\ufb01n-Xcpw hnfn-\u00b0p\u2202 Cu \\\"\\\"At\\\\z-j-W-hn- t[-b-amb kkvs]\u2265j\u2265.'' {]mY-anI At\\\\z-j-W-\u00d8n\u00ac Ip\u2030-\u00b0m-c-\\\\\u221a F\u2202v Is\u2260-\u00d8n-bm\u00ac Cu k- kvs]\u2265j\u2265 ]n\u2265h-en-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xm-Wv. Ip\u2030-hn-Nm-c-W-bpsS Ah-km\\\\w hn[n {]Jym-]n-\u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192 Cu kkvs]\u2265j\u2265 \\\\nb-aw-hgn C\u221amXm-hp-Ibpw sN\u00f8pw. ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265\\\\n-b-a-\u00d8n\u00ac am{Xw ImWp \u2202, ip{iq-jm-]u-tcm-ln-Xy-\u00d8ns\u201a hyXykvX ]S- hp-I-fn-ep-\u2248-hsc in\u00a3n-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p-]-tbm-Kn-\u00b0m-hp\u2202 as\u2030mcp in\u00a3-bmWv \\\"\\\"Xmgv\u2202 ]Z-hn-bn-te-\u00b0p\u2248 Xcw-Xm-gv\u00d8\u00ac'' (demotion). CXn\\\\v X\u00d8p-ey-amb Hcp in\u00a3 e\u00d8o\u2265k-`-bp-sS- Im-\\\\\u2265\\\\n-b-a-\u00d8n\u00ac (CIC) C\u221a. Cu in\u00a3 In\u00b4nb sa{Xm\u2265 (bishop) sshZn-I- (presbyter) \\\\mbpw sshZn-I\u2265 Uo\u00b0- \\\\mbpw amdp-\u2202p. 1433\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS H\u2202mw J\ufb01nI Cu in\u00a3 (punishment) sb\u220f\u2030n C\u00dfs\\\\ hni-Zo-I-cn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Xmgv\u2202 Hcp ]Z-hn-bn-te\u00b0v Xcw Xmgv\u00d8-s\u220f\u00b4 sshZn-I-ip-{iqjn ]pXnb ]Z-hn-bp- ambn tbmPn\u00aep t]mIp-\u2202n-\u221am\u00d8 Xncp-\u220f-\u00b4-\u00d8n-s\u201abpw `c-W-\u00d8n-s\u201abpw A[n-Imcw hn\\\\n-tbm-Kn-\u00b0p-\u2202- Xn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw hne-\u00b0-s\u220f-\u00b4n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202p.'' ip{iqj- m- ]ut- cml- nX- y\u00d8- ne- p\u2248- h- \u00bf\u00b0v In\u00b4p\u2202 G\u2030hpw ITn\\\\- a- mb in\u00a3I- f- ns- em\u2202v Ahsc ]utcm- ln-Xy-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v ]ncn-\u00aep-hn-Sp-I, AYhm \\\\o\u00b0w sN\u00f8pI (deposition) F\u2202-Xm-Wv. Cu in\u00a3 In\u00b4n- b-h\u00bf ^e-\u00d8n\u00ac A\ufb02mb hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Xpey-cmbn amdp\u2202p (cf. CCEO c. 1433). Ah\u00bf\u00b0v sshZn- Im-\u00a5\u00a0v (clerical state) \\\\jvS-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202p. sshZn-I-cp-tS-Xmb A[n-Im-c-\u00dffpw IS-a-Ifpw (rights and duties) C\u221am-Xm-hp-\u2202p. AkvXn-Xz-]-c-amb (ontological), ]\u00b4-kzo-I-c-W-\u00d8n-eqsS e`n\u00ae ]utcm-lnXyw (priesthood) \\\\ne\\\\- n\u00ac\u00b0p\u2202- ps- h\u00b6- n\u00ac\u00b0qSn, B ]utcml- nX- y\u00d8- ns\u201a ip{iqj c\u2260v Imcy\u00df- f- ns- emgnsI (cf. CCEO cc. 396, 725) Ah\u00bf\u00b0v \\\\jvS-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202p. apI-fn\u00ac\u220f-d\u2122 aq\u2202v in\u00a3-I\u0192 IqSmsX (suspension, demotion and deposition) a\u2030v ]e in\u00a3- Ifpw sshZn-I\u00bf\u00b0v \\\\evIp-hm\u2265 km[n-\u00b0pw. Ah-bn\u00ac Nne-XmWv: \\\"\\\"\\\\n\u203anX {]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\-I\u0192, Xo\u00bf\u221em- S-\\\\w, {]tXyI D]-hm-kw, -Zm-\\\\-[\u00bf\u2126w, [ym\\\\w XpS-\u00dfnb Kuc-h-am\u00bf\u2202 ]pWy-{]-hr-\u00d8n-I\u0192, `\u2021m- `ym-k-\u00df\u0192, D]-hn-{]-h\u00bf\u00d8-\\\\-\u00df\u0192'' (cf. CCEO c. 1426) F\u2202n-h. AXp-t]m-se-X-s\u2202-bp\u2248 as\u2030mcp in\u00a3-bmWv \\\"\\\"]c-ky-im-k\\\\'' (public rebuke; cf. CCEO c. 1427). Ip\u2030-\u00b0m-cs\\\\ \\\\nco-\u00a3-W-hn-t[- b-\\\\m-\u00b0pI (supervision; cf. CCEO c. 1428) F\u2202-XmWv as\u2030mcp in\u00a3. Hcp \\\\n\u203anX \u00ffe\u00d8v Xma- kn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 Iev]-\\\\, AYhm Hcp \\\\n\u203anX \u00ffe-\u00d8v {]-th-in-\u00b0m-Xn-cn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 Iev]\\\\ (pro- hibition against residing in a certain place\/order to reside in a certain place) F\u2202n-hbpw in\u00a3-bpsS ]\u00b4n-I-bn\u00ac CSw-]n-Sn-\u00aen-\u00b4p-\u2260v ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8n\u00ac (cf. CCEO c. 1429). CXn\u00ac 1426 apX\u00ac 1428 hsc-bp\u2248 Imt\\\\m-\\\\-I-fn\u00ac ]d-\u2122n-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 in\u00a3-I\u0192sIm\u2260v A\ufb02m-b-scbpw k\\\\y-kvX-scbpw sshZn-I-scbpw in\u00a3n-\u00b0m-sa-\u00b6n\u00ac 1429\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bnse in\u00a3 A\ufb02m-b\u00bf\u00b0v \\\\\u00acIp-hm-\\\\m-hn-\u221a. 1.2. ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8nse Ip\u2030-\u00df\u0192 (Delicts) ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8n\u00ac {]Xn-]m-Zn-\u00aen-\u00b4p\u2248 {]tXyI Ip\u2030-\u00dffpw Ah-bv\u00b0p\u2248 in\u00a3-Ifpw 1436 apX\u00ac 1467 hsc-bp\u2248 Imt\\\\m-\\\\-I-fn-emWv ImWp-I. F\u2202m\u00ac, 1406\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ {]Imcw a\u2030v \\\\nb-a-ew-L-\\\\-\u00dffpw in\u00a3 Npa-\u00d8p-sa-\u2202p\u2248 `oj-Wn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb hy\u2021n-K-X-amb Hcp Iev]-\\\\-hgn (penal precept) Ip\u2030-am\u00b0n am\u2030p-hm\\\\pw A\u00dfs\\\\ in\u00a3n-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw km[n-\u00b0pw. AXp-t]m-se-X-s\u2202, 91","Nne hfsc Kuch- t- ad- nb Ip\u2030\u00df- \u0192\u00b0p\u2248 in\u00a3 h\u00d8n\u00b0- m\\\\- nse hnizmk- I- mc- yme- b- \u00d8- ns\u201a (Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith) am{Xw A[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-bn-emWv hcnIsb\u2202v am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f Hcp {]tXyI \\\\nb-a-\u00d8n-eqsS (Motu Proprio Sacramentorum Sanctitatis Tutela, 2001, 2010) hy\u2021-am-\u00b0n-bn-\u00b4p-ap- \u2260v. B hn`m-K-\u00d8n\u00acs\u220f\u00b4 GsX-\u00b6nepw Ip\u2030w Bsc-\u00b6nepw sNbvX-Xmbn Adnhv In\u00b4p-\u2202-h\u00bf\u00b0v AXv {]kvXpX Imcym-e-b-s\u00d8tbm \u00ffes\u00d8 sa{Xm-s\\\\tbm Adn-bn-\u00b0m-hp-\u2202-Xm-Wv. k\\\\y-kvX-ssh-Zn- I\u00bf A\u00d8cw Ip\u2030-\u00df\u0192 sNbvX-Xmbn ImW-s\u220f-\u00b4m\u00ac, B hnhcw Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-Xs\u201a s{]m-hn\u2265jy\u00ac kp\u220foc- nb- d- ns- \\\\tbm kp\u220foc- nb- \u00bf P\\\\d- e- ns- \\\\tbm Adnb- n\u00ae- m\u00ac aXnb- mI- pw. C\u00dfs- \\\\b- p\u2248 Adnhv In\u00b4p\u2202 A[nI- mcn 1468 apX\u00ac 1470 hscb- p\u2248 Imt\\\\m\\\\- {- ]I- mc- a- p\u2248 {]mYa- nI At\\\\zj- Ww \\\\S\u00d8n AXns\u201a ^b\u00ac kz\u00a5 A`n-{]m-b-t\u00d8m-Sp-IqSn hnizm-k-Im-cym-e-b-\u00d8n\\\\v Ab-\u00aep-sIm-Sp-\u00b0p-Ibpw {]kvXpX Imcym-e-b-\u00d8ns\u201a \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-im-\\\\p-k-cWw XpS\u00bf \\\\S-]-Sn-I\u0192 kzoI-cn-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xp-am-Wv. t\\\\cs\u00d8 kqNn-\u220fn- \u00ae-Xp-t]mse, Cu {]mY-anI At\\\\z-jW Ime-b-f-hn\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202, Bh-iy-sa-\u00b6n\u00ac 1473\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-{]- I-m-c-ap\u2248 At\\\\z-j-W-hn-t[-b-amb kkvs]\u2265j\u2265 D]-tbm-Kn-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xp-am-Wv. 1436 apX\u00ac 1467 hsc-bp\u2248 Imt\\\\m-\\\\-I-fn\u00ac hf-sc-b-[nIw Ip\u2030-\u00dffpw Ah-bv\u00b0p\u2248 in\u00a3-Ifpw hy\u2021-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-\u00b0-s\u220f-\u00b4n-\u00b4p-\u2260v. F\u00b6n-epw, Cu teJ-\\\\-\u00d8n\u00ac Ahsb apgp-h\u2265 A]-{K-Yn-\u00b0m-\\\\m- hn-\u221am-\u00d8-Xn-\\\\m\u00ac, B\\\\p-Im-enI kw`-h-\u00df-fpsS ]\u203am-\u00d8-e-\u00d8n\u00ac {]tXyI ]cm-a\u00bfiw Bh-iy-ap\u2248 Nne Ip\u2030-\u00df\u0192 am{Xw ChnsS ]T-\\\\-hn-j-b-am-\u00b0p-\u2202p. 1.2.1. ioivabpw in\u00a3bpw 1437\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bn\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-in-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"k`-bpsS ]c-tam-\u2202-Xm-[n-Im-c-t\u00d8m-Sp\u2248 hnt[-b-Xztam AXn\\\\v hnt[-b-cmb ss{IkvX-h-hn-izm-kn-I-tfm-Sp\u2248 Iq\u00b4m-bvatbm \\\\nc-kn-\u00b0p-Ibpw, \\\\nb-am-\\\\p-k-cWw Xm\u00b0oXv \\\\\u00acIn-bn\u00b4pw A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0m-Xn-cn-\u00b0p-Ibpw sN\u00f8p\u2202 Hcm\u0192 ioiva-\u00b0m-c- s\\\\\u2202 \\\\ne-bn\u00ac henb al-tdm\u2265 in-\u00a3-bv\u00b0\u00bfl-\\\\m-Wv.'' 1.2.2. sshZnI tae-\u2264y\u00a3 A\\\\p-kva-cWw Hgn-hm-\u00b0\u00ac hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bnepw bma-{]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\-bnepw am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220f-tbbpw taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj-\u220fn-t\\\\bpw AXn- cq-]Xm sa{Xm-t\u220fm-eo-\u00d8-tbbpw cq]Xm sa{Xm-t\\\\bpw A\\\\p-kva-cn\u00aev {]m\u00bf\u221en-t\u00b0\u2260 Ah-k-c-\u00df-fp- \u2260v. en\u2030\u00bfPn F\u2202Xv k`m-k-aq-l-\u00d8ns\u201a HutZym-KnI Bcm-[-\\\\-bm-Wv. AXv BtKmf It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m- k-`-tbmSv tN\u00bf\u2202mWv A\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. Hmtcm _en-b\u00bf\u220f-Whpw \u00ffes\u00d8 sa{Xm-t\\\\mSpw sa{Xm-t\u220fm- eo-\u00d8-tbmSpw Bbn-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 hy\u2021n-k-`-bpsS Xe-h-t\\\\mSpw BtKm-f- I-t\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-k-`-bpsS Xe- h\\\\pw ]t{Xm-kns\u201a ]n\u2265Km-an-bp-amb am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220f-tbmSpw tN\u00bf\u2202mWv A\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202-sX-\u2202p-IqSn kqNn- \u220fn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\mWv Cu A\\\\p-kva-c-Ww. Bcm-[-\\\\-{I-a-{K-\u0178-\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\njvI\u00bfjn-\u00aen-\u00b4p\u2248 Cu A\\\\p-kva-cWw a\\\\x]q\u00bfhw Hgn-hm-\u00b0p-\u2202Xv in\u00a3m\u00bfl-amb Ip\u2030-am-Wv. 1438\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\njvI\u00bfjn-\u00aen-cn- \u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bnepw bma-{]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\-I-fnepw \\\\nbaw \\\\n\u203a-bn-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 coXn-bn-ep\u2248 tae-\u2264y-\u00a3s\u201a A\\\\p-kva-cWw a\\\\x]q\u00bfhw Hgn-hm-\u00b0p-Ibpw, \\\\nb-am-\\\\p-k-cWw Xm\u00b0oXv \\\\evIn-bn\u00b4pw Xncp-\u00d8m-Xn-cn-\u00b0p-Ibpw sN\u00f8p\u2202 Hcp-hs\\\\ henb al-tdm\u2265 in\u00a3-t]mepw Hgn-hm-\u00b0msX Xs\u2202 A\\\\p- tbm-Py-ambn in\u00a3n-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xm-Wv.'' 1.2.3. hnip\u2264 hkvXp-\u00b0\u0192 Ahn-ip-\u2264-amb (Profane) D]-tbm-K-\u00d8nt\\\\m tami-amb e \u00a3 y - \u00d8nt\\\\m D]-tbm-Kn-\u00b0\u00ac 1441\u02dbmw- Im-t\\\\m-\\\\-bn\u00ac \\\\mw C-\u00dfs\\\\ hmbn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"hnip\u2264 hkvXp-\u00b0\u0192 Ahn-ip-\u2264-amb D]-tbm- K-\u00d8nt\\\\m tami-amb e\u00a3y-\u00d8nt\\\\m th\u2260n D]-tbm-Kn-\u00b0p-\u2202- G-sXm-cp-h-s\\\\bpw hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ kzoIc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw kkvs]\u2265Uv sN\u00f8pI- tbm, hne\u00b0- pI- tbm sNt\u00f8\u2260- X- mW- v.'' hnip\u2264 hkvXp- \u00b0-fn\u00ac Im-kbpw ]oem-kbpw XpS\u00dfn hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-b\u00bf\u220f-W-\u00d8n-\\\\p-th\u2260n am{Xw am\u2030n-h-bv\u00b0- s\u220f\u00b4 hkvXp-\u00b0\u0192 am{X-a\u221a D\u2248-Xv. Ah-tbm-sSm-\u220fw-Xs\u2202 (cf. CCEO c. 1018), ]\u2248n-I\u0192 (CCEO c. 869) knan-t\u00d8-cn-I\u0192 (CCEO c. 874) sF\u00b0-Wp-I\u0192 (CCEO c. 887) Xncp-ti-jn-\u220fp-I\u0192 (CCEO c. 888) F\u2202nh XpS\u00dfn \\\"\\\"{]Xn-jvTm-I\u00bf\u2126tam sh\u00a9-cnt\u220fm hgn- ssZhmcm[-\\\\-bv\u00b0mbn am\u2030n hbv\u00b0-s\u220f- \u00b4-h-sb\u221amw'' D\u0192s\u220f-Sp-\u2202p. 872\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS H\u2202mw `mKw C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\njvI\u00bfjn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"\u00ffe- \u00d8ns\u201a ]cn-ip-\u2264n\u00b0v \\\\nc-\u00b0m\u00d8 Imcy-\u00df-sf\u221amw ssZhm-e-b-\u00df-fn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw AI\u2030n \\\\ndp-t\u00d8-\u2260-Xm- Wv.'' ssZhm-ebw (church) F\u00a5mWv F\u2202v 869\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bn\u00ac C\u00dfs\\\\ hy\u2021-am-\u00b0n-bn-cn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"{]Xn-jvT-bmtem (consecration), Bio\u00bfhm-Z-\u00d8mtem ssZhm-cm-[-\\\\bv\u00b0v am{X-ambn ka\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0- s\u220f-\u00b4n-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 sI\u00b4n-S-amWv ssZhm-e-bw.'' ssZhm-ebw {]Xn-tj[ {]I-S-\\\\-\u00df\u0192t\u00b0m Um\u2265kv t]mep\u2248 ]cn-]m-Sn-I\u0192t\u00b0m D]-tbm-Kn-\u00b0p- \u2202Xv C\u00df-s\\\\-bp\u2248 Ahn-ip-\u2264-amb D]-tbm-K-ambn thWw Icp-Xp-hm\u2265. F\u2202m\u00ac, ssZhm-e-b-\u00d8n\u00ac Hcp amt\u2126m-Zo-k-tbm, hnhm-l-tam \\\\S-\u2202p-I-gn-\u2122-tijw ssZhm-e-b-\u00d8n-\\\\p-\u2248n\u00ach\u00aev Ht\u2202m ct\u2260m t^mt\u00b4m-I-sf-Sp-\u00b0p-\u2202Xv ChnsS {]Xn-]m-Zn-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 Ip\u2030-\u00d8ns\u201a hIp-\u220fn\u00acs\u220fSp-\u2202-Xmbn Icp-tX-\u2260- Xn-\u221a. 92","1.2.4. hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-tbm-Sp\u2248 \\\\n\u00b5 (Sacrilege) 1442\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-in-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ Fdn-\u2122p-I-f-bp-Itbm AXv ssZh-\\\\n-\u00b5-I-amb (sacrilegious) Dt\u00b1-iy-\u00d8n-\\\\mbn sIm-\u2260p-t]m-hp-Itbm kq\u00a3n-\u00b0p-Itbm sNbvXn- \u00b4p\u2248 hy\u2021n henb al-tdm\u2265 in\u00a3-bmepw, At\u00b1lw Hcp sshZnI ip{iq-jn-bm-sW-\u00b6n\u00ac \u00ffm\\\\-{`- jvS-\\\\m-\u00b0-s\u220f-S\u00ac t]mepw Hgn-hm-\u00b0m-sX-Xs\u2202 a\u2030v in\u00a3-I-fmepw in\u00a3n-\u00b0-s\u220f-tS-\u2260-Xm-Wv.'' ChnsS ]d-\u2122n-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 \\\"Fdn-\u2122p-I-f-bpI' F\u2202 hm\u00b0ns\u201a A\u00bf\u221ew- ]-cn-ip\u2264 knwlm-k-\\\\-\u00d8nse \\\\nb-a- \u00df\u0192 hymJym-\\\\n-\u00b0p\u2202 Imcym-ebw (Dicastery of Legislative Texts) 1999\u02db\u00ac Ipsd-\u00b0qSn hnkvXr-X- am-\u00b0n-bn-\u00b4p\u2260v (cf. AAS 91 (1999) 918, Communicationes 31 (19990 40-41). hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-tbm- Sp\u2248 ssZh-\\\\n-\u00b5-I-amb s]cp-am\u2030w hfsc Kuc-h-X-c-amb Hcp Ip\u2030-amWv; AXv sNbvX-h\u00bf in\u00a3n-\u00b0- s\u220f-tS-\u2260-Xm-Wv. Cu Ip\u2030w sN\u00f8p\u2202 B\u0192\u00b0v ssZh-\\\\n\u00b5 sN\u00f8pI F\u2202 Dt\u00b1-i-ap-\u2260m-bn-cn-\u00b0-Ww.- \\\\n-b- a-kw-_-\u2018n-bmb h\u00d8n-\u00b0m-\\\\nse Imcym-e-b-\u00d8ns\u201a 1999\u02dbse hni-Zo-I-c-W-\u00d8n\u00ac \\\\mw C\u00dfs\\\\ hmbn- \u00b0p\u2202p: ''Therefore a grave offence of sacrilege against the Body and Blood of Christ is committed by anyone who takes away and\/or keep the Sacred Species for a sacrilegious (obscene, supersti- tious, irreligious) purpose, and by anyone who, even without removing them from the tabernacle, monstrance or altar, makes them the object of any external, voluntary and serious act of contempt'' (Communicationes 31(1999) 40-41). 2022 Unkw-_\u00bf 24\u02dbmw XobXn Fd-Wm-Ip-f\u00d8v sk\u201a v tacokv _k-en-\u00b0-bn\u00ac Nne A\ufb02m-b\u00bf 1442\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bn\u00ac ]d-\u2122n-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-tbm-Sp\u2248 ssZh\\\\n\u00b5 F\u2202 Ip\u2030w sNbvXp- sh\u2202pw B A\ufb02m-b-sc-sb\u221amw AXn-\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 henb al-tdm\u2265 in\u00a3-bm\u00ac in\u00a3n-\u00b0-W-sa\u2202pw ]ecpw Bh-iy-s\u220f-\u00b4-Xmbpw 2023 P\\\\p-hcn 15\u02dbmw XobXn Fd-Wm-Ipfw assd\u2265 ss{Uhn-te\u00b0v \\\\S\u2202 ]m]-]-cn-lmc dmen-bn\u00ac Bh-iy-s\u220f-\u00b4-Xmbpw tI\u0192\u00b0p-I-bp-\u2260m-bn. F\u2202m\u00ac 2022 Unkw-_\u00bf 24\u02dbmw Xob-Xn-bnse _k-en-\u00b0-bnse aZv_-l-bn\u00ac \\\\S\u2202 A\\\\n-jvT-kw-`-h-\u00df-fpsS hoUntbm I\u2260-Xnepw B ka-b\u00d8v AhnsS A\u0192\u00d8m-c-bn\u00ac _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00aep-sIm-\u2260n-cp\u2202 tXmakv \\\\t\u00df-en-am-en-e-\u00aes\u201a km\u00a3y-{]-Im-chpw AhnsS A\u00df-s\\\\-sbmcp hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-tbm-Sp\u2248 sacrilege \\\\S-\u2202n-\u00b4n\u221a F\u2202Xv hy\u2021w. tXmakv \\\\t\u00df-en-am-en-e-\u00ae-t\\\\mSv Cu hnj-b-\u00d8ns\u201a kXym-h\u00ff At\\\\z-jn\u00aev Cu teJ-I\u2265 2022 Unkw-_\u00bf 26-\u02dbmw XobXn Ab\u00ae kt\u00b5-i-\u00d8n\\\\v At\u2202-Zn-hkw Xs\u2202 A\u00ae\u2265 hm\u00b4vkvB\u220fn-eqsS \\\\evInb adp-]Sn (written statement) bpsS {]k-\u2021-`m-K-\u00df\u0192 Xmsg-\u00b0p-dn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"R\u00df\u0192 aq\u2202-\u00ae- \u2211m\u00bf tN\u00bf\u2202mWv B ka-b\u00d8v _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00ae-Xv. AXn\\\\v hncp-\u2264-ambn A\u00a9v A\u00ae-\u2211m\u00bf Fs\u2202m-s\u00b0- bmWv \\\\pW-t]m-\u00c3n\u00ac ]d-bp-\u2202-Xv... A{I-an-I\u0192 ]cn-ip-\u2264-amb aZv_-l-bn-te\u00b0v Bt{Im-in-\u00aep-sIm\u2260v X\u2248n-\u00b0-b-dn-h-cp-t\u00bam\u0192 Fs\u201a N\u00b6v ]nS-\u2122p. A]-I-S-amWv F\u2202v tXm\u2202nb ASp\u00d8 \\\\nanjw Rm\u2265 sNbvXXv Xncp-\u00b0mk FSp\u00d8v s\\\\t\u00a9mSv tN\u00bf\u00d8p ]nSn-\u00b0p-I-bm-Wv... XpS\u00bf\u2202v GXm\\\\pw A\u00ae-\u2211mcpw A\ufb02m-bcpw tN\u00bf\u2202v F\\\\n\u00b0v kwc-\u00a3-W-sam-cp-\u00b0n. GXm\u2260v 25 an\\\\n-t\u2030mfw B kwL\u00bfjw XpS\u00bf\u2202p. hn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bpsS _m\u00b0n-`mKw hn. Imk Rm\u2265 Fs\u201a ssIbn\u00ac ]nSn\u00aepw kl-Im\u00bf\u2126n-I\u2265 Xncp- thmkvXn ssIbn\u00ac ]nSn\u00aepw A\u00bf\u220fn-\u00aep. {]m\u00bf\u221e-\\\\-I-sf\u221amw a\\\\-\u00a0n\u00ac sNm-\u221an. ...kwL\u00bfj-\u00d8n-\\\\n-S- bnepw A\u0192\u00d8m-c-bn\u00ach-\u00aep-Xs\u2202 hn. Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ ]q\u00bf\u00d8n-bm\u00b0n I\u00bf\u00d8m-hns\u201a Xncp-i-co-c-\u00df\u0192 D\u0192s\u00b0m\u2260p.'' \\\\t\u00df-en-am-en-e-\u00aes\u201a Cu {]kvXm-h-\\\\-bn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202p-Xs\u2202 hy\u2021-amWv AhnsS _k- en\u00b0m ]\u2248n-bnemcpw, ]n\u2202oSv ]ecpw Btcm-]n-\u00ae-Xp-t]m-se, Xncp-c-\u2021-a-S-\u00dfnb Imk adn-\u00aen-Sp-I-tbm, Xncp-thmkvXn Nhn-\u00b4n-sa-Xn-\u00b0p-Itbm sNbvXn-\u00b4n\u221a F\u2202v. X\u00df\u0192 sNbvX Kuc-h-amb Ip\u2030-\u00df-fn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw {i\u2264-Xn-cn-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw P\\\\-tcm-jw kn\\\\Uv Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\sb A\\\\p-Iq-en-\u00b0p\u2202 hnizm-kn-I-fpsS t\\\\sc Xncn- \u00b0p-hm-\\\\p-ambn ]n\u2202o-Sp-\u2260m-\u00b0nb Xnc-\u00b0-Y-bmWv A\ufb02m-b\u00bf hn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\sb \\\\n\u00b5n\u00aev Kuc-h-X-c-amb Ip\u2030w sNbvXp F\u2202-Xv. B tXm\u2202\u00ac hnizm-kn-I-fpsS a\\\\-\u00a0n\u00ac cqV-aq-e-am-\u00b0p-hm\u2265th\u2260n Xncp- c\u2021w Nn\u00a5n-a-dn-\u2122p-In-S-\u00b0p\u2202 Imk-bpsS Im\u00bf\u00b4qWpw Fd-Wm-Ipfw hna-X-cp-\u2260m\u00b0n {]N-cn-\u220fn-\u00aep- sIm-\u2260n-cn-\u00b0p\u2202p F\u2202p-am-{Xw. ln\u2030v-e-dns\u201a Iogn\u00ac Paul Goebbels F\u2202 \\\\mkn X{\u00a5-\u2044\u2265 D]-tbm- Kn\u00ae AtX X{\u00a5w Xs\u2202-bmWv C\u2202pw Fd-Wm-Ipfw hna-X\u00bf ]b-\u2030p-\u2202Xv: AXm-bXv \\\\pW Bbncw Bh\u00bf\u00d8n Bh\u00bf\u00d8n\u00aev kXy-\u00d8ns\u201a ]cn-thjw \\\\\u00acI\u00ac. CXn-\\\\mWv ae-bm-f-\u00d8n\u00ac Ko_\u00ackn-b\u2265 X{\u00a5w F\u2202v hnti-jn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. 1.2.5. hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bpsS I]-S-amb ]cn-I\u00bf\u2126w 1443-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\njvI\u00bfjn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"hn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bp-sStbm a\u2030v IqZm-i-I-fp-sStbm ]cn-I\u00bf\u2126w I]-S-ambn \\\\S-\u00d8n-bn-\u00b4p\u2248 Hcp hy\u2021n henb al-tdm\u2265 in\u00a3-t]mepw Hgn-hm-\u00b0m-sX- Xs\u2202 A\\\\p-tbm-Py-ambn in\u00a3n-\u00b0-s\u220f-tS-\u2260-Xm-Wv.'' ChnsS \\\"I]-S-ambn' F\u2202v X\u00bf\u00f7a sNbvXn-cn-\u00b0p- \u2202Xv simulation F\u2202 Cw\u2022ojv ]Z-s\u00d8-bmWv (A person who has simulated). \\\"knap-te-j\u2265' F\u2202 ]Zw-sIm\u2260v hnh-\u00a3n-\u00b0p-\u2202Xv _mly-amb Hcp {]hr\u00d8n sN\u00f8p-t\u00bam\u0192\u00d8-s\u2202, B\u00a5-cn-I-amb Dt\u00b1iyw thsd-bm-bn-cn-\u00b0pI F\u2202-Xm-Wv. Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a\u00d8n\u00ac hnhmlw Akm-[p-ambn {]Jym-]n-\u00b0p\u2202 kml-N-cy-\u00df-fn\u00ac AXn-\\\\p-t]m\u00ac_-e-I-amb Hcp Imc-W-am-bmWv knap-te-js\\\\ ]cn-K-Wn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. 93","DZml- c- W- a- mb- n, Hcp hy\u2021n\u00b0v Atac- n\u00b0- b- nt- e\u00b0v t]mIWw F\u2202 hensbmcm{- Kl- w. hnkb- v\u00b0p\u2248 {ia\u00df- s- f\u221amw ]cmP- b- s- \u220f\u00b4- t\u220fm\u0192 Atac- n\u00b0- b- n\u00ac Pohn\u00b0- p\u2202 Hcmsf hnhmlw sN\u00f8ph- m\u2265 Xocpa- m\\\\- n- \u00b0p\u2202- p. Bfp- sS e\u00a3yw Atacn\u00b0- b- n\u00ac tPmen sN\u00f8p\u2202 Bfpa- mb- n\u00b4- p\u2248 hnhm- la- \u221a- , {]XypX- , Ata- cn\u00b0- b- nt- e\u00b0- p\u2248 hnk kwLS- n\u220f- n\u00b0- e- mW- v. F\u2202m\u00ac, Abm\u0192 hnhml- \u00d8- ns\u201a F\u221am I\u00bf\u2126\u00df- f- nepw Hcp aSnb- pw- IqS- msX ]s\u00b6S- p\u00b0- p\u2202- p. hnhml- tijw, Atac- n\u00b0- b- ns- e\u00d8- nb- t- ijw hnhmlw Akm[- p- hm\u00b0- n\u00b0- n\u00b4- ph- m\u2265 cq]X- mt- ImS- X- nsb kao]- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. AYhm, CXn- \\\\I- w, Abmf- psS bYm\u00bf\u221e e\u00a3yw a\\\\\u00a0- ne- m\u00b0- nb Abmf- psS `mcy AYhm `\u00bf\u00d8mhv Cu hnhmlw Akm[- ph- mbn {]Jym]- n\u00aepIn\u00b4ph- m\u2265 k`mt- ImS- X- nsb kao]- n\u00b0- p\u2202- p. sXfnh- pI- f- psS shfn\u00ae- \u00d8- n\u00ac k`mt- \u00b0mS- X- n\u00b0v {]kvXpX hnhmlw \\\"\\\"]q\u00bf\u00c6 knapt- ej- s\u201a'' Im\u2030K- d- nb- n\u00acs\u220fS- p\u00d8n Akm[- ph- mbn {]Jym]- n\u00b0- mh- p\u2202- X- mW- v. CXpt- ]ms- e- bp\u2248 simulation\u02dbs- \\\\b- mWv \\\"I]S- a- mbn' F\u2202v 1443-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\- b- n\u00ac hn\u00a3n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- v. s]m-Xpsh ]d-\u2122m\u00ac, Hcp sshZnI\u2265 hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m\\\\b\u00bf\u220fWw knap-te\u2030v sNbvXp-sh\u2202v a\\\\- \u00a0n-em-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 _p\u2264n-ap-\u00b4p-\u2260v. F\u00a5n\\\\v ]ptcm-ln-X\u2265 hn. Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ I]-S-ambn A\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0Ww F\u2202 tNmZy-amWv C\u00b0m-cy-\u00d8n\u00ac {]k-\u2021w. F\u2202m\u00ac, {]Y-a-ZrjvSym (prima facie) sshZn-I\u2265 _en-b\u00bf\u220fn- \u00aeXv _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 th\u2260n-b\u221a F\u2202v tXm\u2202p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\p\u2248 Kuc-h-amb Imc-W-\u00df-fp-\u2248-t\u220fm\u0192 Cu Imt\\\\m-\\\\-b-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev tIskSp-t\u00b0-\u2260Xpw AY-hm, tIkv FSp-\u00b0m-hp-\u2202-Xpw, XpS\u00bf\\\\-S-]-Sn-I\u0192 kzoI- cn-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xp-am-Wv. Fd-Wm-Ipfw _k-en-\u00b0m-bnse 2022 Unkw-_\u00bf 23, 24 Xob-Xn-Ifnse AJ-WvU - _-en-b\u00bf\u220fWw 1443-\u02db\u00ac ]d-\u2122n-\u00b4p\u2248 I]-S-amb _en-b\u00bf\u220f-W-am-bn-cp-\u2202p-sh\u2202v \\\\ymb-ambpw kw-i-bn- \u00b0p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 Imc-W-\u00df\u0192 ]e-Xm-Wv: 1) hn. Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ AhnsS AJ-WvU-ambn A\u00bf\u220fn\u00ae sshZn- I\u00bf\u00b0m\u00bf\u00b0pw AhnsS _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 _k-en-\u00b0m-bpsS AUvan-\\\\n-kvt{S-\u2030-dns\u201a A\\\\-phm-Z-ap-\u2260m- bn-cp\u2202n-\u221a; 2) _k-en-\u00b0m-bpsS AUvan-\\\\n-kvt{S-\u2030-dns\\\\ AhnsS _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v XS-bp-\u2202- Xn-\\\\p-th-\u2260n-bmWv Ah\u00bf XpS\u00bf\u00ae-bmbn AhnsS _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00aep-sIm-\u2260n-cp-\u2202-Xv; 3) _k-en-\u00b0m-bpsS AUvan-\\\\n-kvt{S-\u2030-\u00bf _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p-sa-\u2202-dn-bn\u00ae ka-b-\u00d8n\\\\v ap\u00bap-Xs\u2202 Ah\u00bf _en-]o-T-\u00d8n-se-\u00d8p- Ibpw _en-b\u00bf\u220fWw Bcw-`n-\u00b0p-Ibpw sNbvXp; 4) _ken\u00b0m AUvan-\\\\n-kvt{S-\u2030-\u00bf t\\\\cn\u00b4v hn. Ip\u00bf_m- \\\\-bv\u00b0p\u2248 Xncp-h-kv{X-\u00df-f-Wn\u2122v Ah-cpsS ap\u00ban-se\u00d8n _en-b\u00bf\u220fWw \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8nh-bv\u00b0-W-sa-\u2202m-h- iy-s\u220f-\u00b4n\u00b4pw Ah\u00bf B _en-b\u00bf\u220fWw XpS\u00bf\u2202p F\u2202p-am-{X-a-\u221a, AXn-\\\\p-ti-jhpw ]-Xn-\\\\m-tdmfw aWn- \u00b0q\u00bf t\\\\c-t\u00d8mfw dnte Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ XpS\u00bf\u2202p; 5) Hcp sshZn-I\\\\v Hcp Znhkw Hcp Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ A\u00bf\u220fn- \u00b0p-hmt\\\\ Ah-Im-i-ap\u2248q F\u2202n-cn-s\u00b0, ]Xn-\\\\mdv aWn\u00b0q-dn-\\\\p-\u2248n\u00ac ]e-bm-h\u00bf\u00d8n, B hna-X-ssh-Zn- I\u00bf B A\u0192\u00d8m-c-bn\u00ac XpS\u00bf\u00ae-bmbn _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00aep; 6) ]\u2248n-bn\u00ac \\\\S-\u2202p-sIm-\u2260n-cp\u2202 Bt{Im-i- \u00df\u0192\u00b0pw _lf- \u00df- \u0192\u00b0pa- nS- b- n\u00ac, bmsXmcp AP]- me- \\\\ Bhi- yh- pa- n\u221a- mX- nc- p\u2202- n\u00b4pw Ah\u00bf Bh\u00bf\u00d8n\u00aev _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xp-t]mse A\u0192\u00d8m-c-bn\u00ac XpS\u00bf\u2202Xv hnip\u2264 Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-tbm-Sp\u2248 BZ-c-hp-sImt\u2260m `\u2021n-sImt\u2260m BsW\u2202v hniz-kn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 km[n-\u00b0p-I-bn-\u221a; 7) hn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-tbm-Sp\u2248 BZ-c-hp- sImt\u2260m `\u2021ns- Imt\u2260m Bbnc- p\u2202p Ah\u00bf XpS\u00bf\u00aeb- mbn _enb- \u00bf\u220fn\u00ae- nc- p\u2202- s- X\u00b6- n\u00ac, AXn\\\\v Ah\u00bf\u00b0v A[nI- mc- a- p\u2248 kz\u00a5w ]\u2248nIfn\u00act]mbn _enb- \u00bf\u220fn\u00b0- ma- mb- nc- p\u2202- p; 8) Ahsc _ke- n\u00b0- mb- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw ]pd-\u00d8m-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 _k-en\u00b0m AUvan-\\\\n-kvt{S-\u2030-\u00bf hnfn-\u00aep-h-cp-\u00d8nb t]meo-kv, Cu ka-b-sa\u221amw ]\u2248n- bn-ep-\u2260m-bn-cp-\u2202p. Ah\u00bf _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00aep-sIm-\u2260n-cp\u2202 kabw t]meokv Ahsc sXm-Sp-I-bn-s\u221a\u2202pw _k-en-\u00b0m-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw _e-ambn ]pd-\u00d8m-\u00b0p-I-bn-s\u221a\u2202pw Ah\u00bf\u00b0-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-\u2202p. F\u2202m\u00ac, Ah\u00bf _enb- \u00bf\u220fWw \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8n aZv_l- b- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v Cd\u00df- p\u2202 \\\\nanj- \u00d8- n\u00ac \\\\nba- ]- me- I- c- mb t]meokv Ahsc, _k-en\u00b0 AUvan-\\\\n-kvt{S-\u2030-dpsS A`y\u00bf\u221e\\\\ am\\\\n-\u00aev, ]pd-\u00d8m-\u00b0p-sa-\u2202-h\u00bf `b-s\u220f-\u00b4p. A\u00dfs\\\\bhsc ]pd-\u00d8m-\u00b0n-bm\u00ac XpS\u00bf\u2202v _k-en\u00b0 AUvan-\\\\n-kvt{S-\u2030-\u00bf _k-en-\u00b0m-bn\u00ac \\\\nb-am-\\\\p-kr-X-amb hn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-b\u00bf\u220fWw \\\\S-\u00d8p-sa\u2202pw Ah\u00bf \\\\ymb-ambpw `b-\u2202p. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac t]meokv X\u00dfsf _k- en-\u00b0m-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v ]pd-\u00d8m-\u00b0m-Xn-cn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\mWv Ah\u00bf I]-S-ambn _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xmbn `mhn-\u00ae-Xv. {]Y-a-ZrjvSym A\\\\p-am-\\\\n-\u00b0m-hp\u2202 Cu F\u00b4v Imc-W-\u00df\u0192 aXn, 2022 Unkw-_\u00bf 23, 24 Xob-Xn-I-fn\u00ac Fd-Wm-Ipfw I\u00d8o-{U\u00ac _k-en-\u00b0m-bn\u00ac AXn-{I-an-\u00aep-I- bdn ]Xn-\\\\mdv aWn-\u00b0q-tdmfw XpS\u00bf\u00ae-bmbn _en-b\u00bf\u220fn\u00ae ap\u220f-tXmfw sshZn-I\u00bfs\u00b0-Xnsc 1443-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-b-\\\\p-k-cn-\u00aep\u2248 \\\"I]-S-amb _en-b\u00bf\u220fWw' F\u2202 Ip\u2030-\u00d8n\\\\v {]mY-anI At\\\\z-jWw {]Jym- ]n-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw Ahsc 1473-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ {]Imcw At\\\\z-j-W-hn-t[-b-ambn kkvs]\u2265Uv sN\u00f8p-hm\\\\pw. CXv sN\u00f8p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 D\u00d8-c-hm-ZnXzw AXn-cq-]X `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmb A\u220f-kvtXm-enIv AUvan-\\\\n-kvt{S- \u2030-\u00bf\u00b0v BWp-Xm-\\\\pw. 1414-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS c\u2260mw JWvUnI C\u00dfs\\\\ {]Jym-]n-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Hcp in\u00a3m-\\\\n-b-a-\u00d8n-s\u201a- tbm in\u00a3 \\\\\u00acIp\u2202 hy\u2021n-K-X-amb {]am-W-\u00d8n-s\u201atbm _mly-ew-L\\\\w Hcn-\u00b0\u00ac kw`-hn-\u00aep-I-gn- \u2122m\u00ac adn\u00aev sXfn-bn-\u00b0-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202-Xp-hsc Cu ewL\\\\w a\\\\x]q\u00bfh-ap\u2248 Hcp {]hr-\u00d8n-bmbn IW-\u00b0m- \u00b0-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202p.'' hf-sc-b-[nIw {it\u2264-b-amWv Cu \\\\nb-aw. sX\u2030p-Im-c-\\\\m-sW\u2202v sXfn-bn-\u00b0- -s\u220f-Sp-\u2202-Xp- hsc Hcmsf \\\\nc-]-cm-[n-bmbn IW-\u00b0m-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xm-Wv. F\u2202m\u00ac, in\u00a3m-\\\\n-b-a-\u00d8ns\u201a _mly-ew-L\\\\w sXfn-bn-\u00aep-I-gn-\u2122m\u00ac ]ns\u2202 Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-X\u2265 Xs\u201a \\\\nc-]-cm-[nXzw sXfn-bn-\u00b0p-\u2202n-s\u221a-\u00b6n\u00ac, Abm- fpsS _mly-ew-L\\\\w a\\\\x]q\u00bfhmbn IcpXmw F\u2202-XmWv Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\ hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. 94","1.2.6. hn. Ip\u00bf-_m-\\\\-bvs\u00b0-Xn-cmb G\u2030hpw Ku-ch-X-c-amb Ip\u2030-\u00df\u0192 2001-\u02db\u00ac hn. tPm\u00a8 t]m\u0192 c\u2260m-a\u2265 am\u00bf]m\u220f hnfw-_cw sNbvXv \\\\S-\u220fn\u00ac hcp\u00d8nb \\\"\\\"km{I-sa- t\u00a5mcpw kmMvXn-\u00d8m-\u00d8nkv Xqt\u00d8-e-'' (Sacramentorum Sanctitatis Tutela) F\u2202 \\\\nb-a-kwlnX (Motu Proprio) A\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev hn. _en-b\u00bf\u220fWw kw_-\u2018n-bmb an\u00b0 Ip\u2030-\u00dffpw \\\"\\\"hfsc Kuc-h-amb Ip\u2030-\u00df\u0192'' (More Grave Delicts) F\u2202 hn`m-K-\u00d8n-emWv D\u0192s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8n-bn-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. Ah-sb-\u220f-\u2030n, B \\\\nb-a-kw-ln-X-bnse aq\u2202m-as\u00d8 B\u00bf\u00b4n-\u00b0n-fn-emWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-\u00aen-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. B B\u00bf\u00b4n\u00b0n-fns\u201a H\u2202mw JWvUn-I-bpsS aq\u2202mw \\\\\u00ba-c-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev hn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bpsS I]-S-amb A\u00bf\u220fWw (simulation) Cu hn`m-K-\u00d8n\u00ac hcp\u2202 Ip\u2030-am-Wv. Cu B\u00bf\u00b4n-\u00b0n-fns\u201a c\u2260mw JWvUn-I-b-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev \\\"\\\"ssZh-\\\\n-\u00b5-bv\u00b0mbn, hn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-b\u00bf\u220f-W-\u00d8ntem AXn\\\\v shfn-bntem A\u220ftam hot\u2122m IqZmi sN\u00f8p-\u2202Xpw CXn-te- sX-\u00b6nepw H\u2202pX- s\u2202 IqZmi sN\u00f8p\u2202- Xpw'' (the consecration for sacrilegious purpose of one matter or outside of the eucharistic celebration). C\u00df-s\\\\-bp\u2248 Ip\u2030-\u00df\u0192 h\u00d8n-\u00b0m-\\\\nse hnizmkImcym-e- b-\u00d8n\\\\v am{Xta ssIImcyw sN\u00f8m-\\\\m-hq (reserved to the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith). C\u00dfs- \\\\b- p\u2248 Ip\u2030\u00df- \u0192\u00b0v sshZnI- m\u00a5- \u00a0- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202- p\u2248 ]ncn\u00ae- ph- nS- \u00ac D\u0192s\u220fS- b- p\u2248 in\u00a3I- f- mWv \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1- in-\u00b0-s\u220f-\u00b4n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. ChnsS ]d-\u2122n-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 GsX-\u00b6nepw Ip\u2030w Bsc-\u00b6nepw sNbvX-Xm-bp\u2248 hnh-ctam Btcm-]-Wtam e`n-\u00b0p-t\u00bam\u0192 cq]Xm sa{Xm\u2265 AYhm k\\\\ykvX sshZn-Is\u201a taP\u00bf kp\u220fo-cn-b\u00bf, 1468 apX\u00ac 1470 hsc-bp\u2248 Imt\\\\m-\\\\-I\u0192 A\\\\p-im-kn-\u00b0p\u2202 {]mY-anI At\\\\z-jWw \\\\S-\u00d8n, DX\u220fv XS-bp-hm-\\\\mbn Ip\u2030mt- cm]- nX- sc At\\\\zj- W- h- nt- [b- a- mbn 1473\u02db- mw hIp\u220f- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00aev kkvs]\u2265Uv sNbvXt- ijw X\u00ackw- _-\u2018n-bmb ^b\u00ac kpNn-\u00a5n-X-amb A`n-{]mb (considered opinion) t\u00d8mSp-IqSn hnizm-k-Im-cym-e- b-\u00d8n\\\\v ka\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p-I-bpw tijw B Imcym-e-b-\u00d8ns\u201a \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-i-a-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev {]h\u00bf\u00d8n-\u00b0p-I-bp-amWv th\u2260-Xv. hnizm-k-Im-cym-e-b-\u00d8ns\u201a A[n-Im-c-\u00d8n\u00acs\u220f-Sp\u2202 Ip\u2030w sN\u00f8-s\u220f-\u00b4-Xmb Btcm-]-W-ap-\u2260m-bm\u00ac \u00ffet- ae- \u2264- y\u00a3- \\\\v B tIkv HXp\u00b0- n\u00d8- o\u00bf\u00b0m\\\\- mh- n\u221a- . Ip\u2030w sNbvXn\u00b4- n\u221a F\u2202X- mWv {]mYa- nI At\\\\z- j-W-\u00d8ns\u201a \\\\nK-a-\\\\-sa-\u00b6n\u00ac\u00b0qSn, X\u00ackw-_-\u2018n-bmb ^b\u00ac hnizm-k-Xn-cp-kw-L-\u00d8n\\\\v ka\u00bf\u220fn- t\u00b0-\u2260-Xm-Wv. AXn\u00ac ]cm-P-b-s\u220f-Sp\u2202 A[n-Im-cn-Isf 1464-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-b-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev A[n-Imc Zp\u00bfhn- \\\\n-tbm-K-\u00d8nt\\\\m (\u00a71) Ip\u2030-I-c-amb A\\\\m-\u00ffbvt\u00b0m (\u00a72) in\u00a3n-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw ]cn-ip\u2264 knwlm-k-\\\\- \u00d8n\\\\v km[n-\u00b0pw. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8-s\u2202, C\u00df-s\\\\-bp\u2248 hn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bpsS A\u00bf\u220f-W-kw-_-\u2018n-bmb Ip\u2030\u00dfsf\u220f-\u2030n-bp\u2248 Adnhv e`n-\u00b0p\u2202 GXv hy\u2021n-\u00b0pw Cu hnhcw Bh-iy-amb sXfn-hp-I-tfm-Sp- IqSn hnizm-k-Im-cym-e-bs\u00d8 t\\\\cnt\u00b4m A\u220f-kvtXm-enIv \\\\q\u00a8kn-tbm-h-gntbm Adn-bn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 Ah- Im-i-hp-ap-\u2260v. apI-fn\u00ac ]d\u2122, hn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-b\u00bf\u220fW kw_-\u2018n-bmb \\\"\\\"hfsc Kuc-h-amb'' Ip\u2030-\u00df\u0192 Fd-Wm- Ipfw _k-en-\u00b0m-bnse 2022 Unkw-_\u00bf 23, 24 Xob-Xn-I-fnse _en-b\u00bf\u220fW Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS ]\u203am-\u00d8-e-\u00d8n\u00ac hf-sc-b-[nIw {]k-\u2021-am-Wv. 2022 Unkw-_\u00bf 23-\u02dbmw XobXn sshIp-t\u2202cw aZv_- l-bn\u00ac {]th-in\u00aev _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00aep-sIm-\u2260n-cp\u2202 sshZn-I-cp-sS-b-Sp\u00d8v A\u0192\u00d8m-cbv\u00b0v kao]sa-\u00d8nb Hcp A\ufb02m-b-k-tlm-Zcn ]d-\u2122-Xmbn tI\u00b4 Hcp Imcyw, At\u220fm\u0192 A\u0192\u00d8m-c-bn-en-cp\u2202 Imk-bn\u00ac hot\u2122m Xnc-pc-\u2021tam A\u221a I\u2260-Xv, {]Xyp-X, c\u2260mbn HSn-\u00aen-\u00b4ncp\u2202 Hcp henb HmkvXn-bmWv F\u2202- XmWv. AXv icn-bm-sW-\u00b6n\u00ac, HmkvXn Xs\u2202, ho\u2122p-Iq-SmsX IqZmi sNbvX hfsc Kuc-h-X-c- amb Ip\u2030w AhnsS kw`-hn-\u00aen-\u00b4p-\u2260v. GXm-bm-epw, sXfn-bn-\u00b0-s\u220f-\u00b4n-\u00b4p\u2248 Hcp hkvXp-X, {]kvXpX ]ptcm-ln-X\u00bf\u00b0v _k-en-\u00b0m-bpsS k\u00b6o\u00bf\u00d8n-bn\u00ac \\\\n\u2202pw HmkvXnbpw ho\u2122pw _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0m-\\\\mbn In\u00b4n-bn\u221a F\u2202-Xm-Wv. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac, Ah\u00bf\u00b0v _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 ho\u2122v FhnsS-\\\\n\u2202v In\u00b4n-sb-\u2202- Xpw, Ah\u00bf IqZmi sNbvX A\u220fhpw ho\u2122pw ho\u2260pw IqZmi sN\u00f8p-I-bm-bn-cp\u2202p F\u2202 Btcm-]- Whpw Kuc-h-]q\u00bfhw hni-Z-ambn At\\\\z-jn-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xm-Wv. _k-en-\u00b0m-bn\u00ac A\\\\p-hm-Z-an-\u221amsX AXn- {I-an\u00aev Ibdn \\\\nb-a-hn-cp-\u2264-ambn P\\\\m-`n-apJ Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ sNm-\u221anb Hcp sshZn-I\u2265 2023 P\\\\p-hcn 15-\u02dbmw Xob-Xn-bnse ]cn-lm-c-dm-en-bpsS Ah-km-\\\\-\u00d8n\u00ac {]Jym-]n-\u00aeXv Bt{Im-i-\u00df-fp-sSbpw Ak-`y-h\u00bfj- \u00df-fp-sSbpw \\\\Sp-hn\u00ac At\u00b1lw _k-en-\u00b0-bn-e\u00bf\u220fn\u00ae dnte Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-bm-bn-cp\u2202p At\u00b1-l-\u00d8ns\u201a Pohn- X-\u00d8nse G\u2030hpw lrZy-amb Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-b\u00bf\u220f-W-sa-\u2202mWv. hn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-b\u00bf\u220fn-t\u00b0-\u2260Xv hnip\u2264 \u00ffe- \u00d8m-Wv. hn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\sb Ah-tl-fn-\u00b0p-\u2202-h-cpsS CS-bn-em-bn-cn-\u00b0-cp-Xv. AXv hn. Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\sb Ah- tlf- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\v Ahk- c- a- p\u2260- m\u00b0- ns- \u00b0mS- p\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\v Xpeya- mW- v. AXv {Inan\\\\- \u00ac at\\\\m`- mh- a- p\u2248- h- \u00bf\u00b0v am{Xw km[y-am-Ip\u2202 Imcy-am-Wv. in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-{I-a-\u00d8n\u00ac (penal procedure), Hcmsf Ip\u2030-hm-fn-bm- tWm-sb\u2202v Xocp-am-\\\\n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\\\\v PUvPn ]cn-tim-[n-t\u00b0\u2260 Hcp Imcyw Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-X\\\\v Ip\u2030-I-c-ambn ImW-s\u220f-Sp\u2202 {]hr\u00d8n sN\u00f8p-t\u00bam\u0192 {]kvXpX {Inan-\\\\\u00ac at\\\\m-`mhw (malice or criminal intent) D\u2260m-bn-cp-\u2202pthm F\u2202v ]cn-tim-[n-\u00b0-em-Wv. Malice F\u2202v ]d-bp-\u2202Xv \\\\nbaw ewLn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p\u2248 Dt\u00b1-iy-am-Wv (Dolus est intentio violandi legem). _k-en\u00b0m ]\u2248n-bn\u00ac AXn-{I-an\u00aev IS-\u2202v, _k- en\u00b0m AUvan-\\\\n-kvt{S-\u2030-dns\u201a A\\\\p-hm-Z-an-\u221am-sX, \\\\nb-a-hn-cp-\u2264-amb P\\\\m-`n-apJ Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ Bt{Im-i- \u00df-fp-sSbpw Ak-`y-h\u00bfj-\u00df-fp-sSbpw \\\\Sphn-\u00ac A\u00bf\u220fn\u00ae sshZn-I-cn\u00ac {]Y-a-ZrjvSym Cu {Inan-\\\\\u00ac 95","at\\\\m-`mhw ImWp-hm-\\\\m-Ipw. Ah-cn\u00ac sX\u2030p-Im-cmbn hn[n-\u00b0-s\u220f-Sp-\u2202-hsc amXr-Im-]-c-ambn in\u00a3n- t\u00b0-\u2260Xv Ah-cp-sS-Xs\u2202 am\\\\-km-\u00a5-c-\u00d8n\\\\v DX-In-tb-\u00b0mw. ]q\u00bf\u00c6-a-\\\\-kvXm]w (perfect contrition) F\u2202v ]d-bp-\u2202Xv ssZhs\u00d8 thZ-\\\\- n-\u220fn-\u00ae-Xn-ep\u2248 thZ-\\\\-aq-e-ap-\u2260m-Ip\u2202 am\\\\-km-\u00a5-c-am-Wv. AXn-s\u221a- \u00b6n\u00ac, A]q\u00bf\u00c6-amb a\\\\-kvXm]w (imperfect contrition) AXm-b-Xv, in\u00a3-sb-\u220f-\u2030n-bp\u2248 `b-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n- \u2202p-f-hm-Ip\u2202 a\\\\-kvXm-]w, F\u00b6nepw Ip\u2030w sNbvX-h-cpsS B\ufb02o-tbm\u00ac\u00b0\u00bfj-\u00d8n-\\\\m-h-iy-amWv F\u2202v k\u2211m\u00bf\u00a7 ssZh-imkv{Xw (moral theology) ]Tn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-\u2202p. A stitch in time saves nine F\u2202 sNm\u221av C\u00b0m-cy-\u00d8n\u00ac _\u2018-s\u220f\u00b4 A[n-Im-cn-I\u0192 Hm\u00bft\u00b0-\u2260-Xp-am-Wv. 1.2.7. tae-\u2264y-\u00a3s\u201a Iev]\\\\ A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0m-Xn-cn-\u00b0pI 1446-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ A\\\\p-im-kn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Xs\u201a-Xs\u2202 tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\u2265 \\\\nb-am-\\\\p-krXw ]pd- s\u220f-Sp-hn-\u00b0p\u2202 Iev]-\\\\tbm \\\\ntcm-[-\\\\tam A\\\\p-k-cn-\u00b0m-Xn-cn-\u00b0p-I-bpw, imk-\\\\bv\u00b0v tijhpw A\\\\p- k-c-W-an-\u221am-bva-bn\u00ac XpS-cp-Ibpw sN\u00f8p\u2202 Hcp hy\u2021n Ip\u2030-hm-k-\\\\-bp-\u2248-h\u2265 (delinquent) F\u2202 \\\\ne- bn\u00ac A\\\\p-tbm-Py-ambn in\u00a3n-\u00b0-s\u220f-tS-\u2260-Xm-Wv.'' A\\\\p-k-c-W-t\u00b0Sv AXn\u00ac\u00d8s\u2202 sX\u2030m-sW-\u00b6nepw AXv in\u00a3m\u00bfl-amb Ip\u2030-am-bn-\u00d8o-cp-\u2202-Xv, A\\\\p-k-c-W-an-\u221am-bva-bv\u00b0p\u2248 imk\\\\ (warning) bv\u00b0v tijhpw A\\\\p-k-c-W-t\u00b0-Sn\u00ac XpS-cp-t\u00bam-gmWv (persistence in disobedience after one has been warned). C\u00df-s\\\\-bp\u2248 imk\\\\ 1514-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bn\u00ac ]d-\u2122n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xp-t]mse FgpXn \\\\\u00acIp- \u2202-XmWv km[m-cW coXn. F\u2202m\u00ac, hm\u00b0m-emWv Cu ap\u2202-dn-bn\u220fv \\\\\u00acIp-\u2202-sX-\u00b6n\u00ac AXv 1520-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS c\u2260mw JWvUn-I-{]-Imcw tcJ-s\u220f-Sp-t\u00d8-\u2260Xp-am-Wv. Hcn-S-hI hnIm-cn-bpsS tae-\u2264y-\u00a3-\u2211m-cpsS KW-\u00d8n\u00ac hcp-\u2202-h-cmWv B cq]-X-bpsS sa{Xm\u2265, taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj-\u220fv, ]cn-ip\u2264 knwlm-kw, am\u00bf\u220fm\u220f F\u2202n-h-\u00bf. Chcn-em-cp-sS-sb-\u00b6nepw I\u00ac\u220f-\\\\- tbm, \\\\ntcm[- \\\\- tam A\\\\pk- c- n\u00b0- mX- nc- n\u00b0- p\u2202- h- \u00bf\u00b0v in\u00a3m\\\\- S- ]- S- nb- p\u2260- mI- ps- a\u2202- p\u2248 ap\u2202d- nb- n\u220fv (penal warning) \\\\\u00acIn-b-ti-jhpw Ah\u00bf A\\\\p-k-c-W-t\u00b0Sv Bh\u00bf\u00d8n-\u00aem\u00ac Ahsc in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-I\u0192\u00b0v hnt[-b-am-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xm-Wv. Fd-Wm-Ip-fw-\u02db-A-\u00b6-amen AXn-cq-]-X-bn\u00ac A\u220f-kvtXm-enIv AUvan-\\\\n-kvt{S-\u2030- dns\u201a D\u00d8-chv ewLn\u00aev k\u00bf\u00b0p-e\u00bf hmbn-\u00b0m-Xn-cp\u2202, hmbn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 ss\\\\\u00f8m-an-I-ambn IS-s\u220f\u00b4 F\u221am sshZn-I\u00bf\u00b0pw C\u00d8-c-\u00d8n-ep\u2248 in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-bp-\u2260m-Ip-sa-\u2202p\u2248 ap\u2202-dn-bn\u220fv \\\\\u00acIp-hm\u2265 am\u00bf B\u2265{Uqkv Xmg\u00d8v ]nXm-hn\\\\v km[n-\u00b0pw. AXp-t]m-se-Xs\u2202, am\u00bf\u220fm-\u220f-bp-sSbpw ]cn-ip\u2264 knwlm- k\\\\- \u00d8- ns- \u201abpw taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220f- ns- \u201abpw kotdm\u02db- a- e- _- m\u00bf kn\\\\U- ns- \u201abpw A\u220fk- vtXme- nIv AUvan- \\\\n-kvt{S-\u2030-dns\u201abpw Iev]-\\\\bpw \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-ihpw ewLn-\u00aep-sIm\u2260v \\\\nb-a-hn-cp-\u2264-amb P\\\\m-`n-apJ Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ A\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p\u2202 GsXmcp kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf sshZn-I-s\\\\-Xn-cmbpw Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\b\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev penal warn- ing \\\\v tijw in\u00a3m\\\\- S- ]- S- nI- \u0192 FSp\u00b0- ph- m\\\\pw _\u2018s- \u220f\u00b4 A[nI- mc- nI- \u0192\u00b0v km[n\u00b0- pw.- 1446-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ \\\"\\\"in\u00a3n-\u00b0m-hp-\u2202-XmWv'' F\u2202\u221a A\\\\p-im-kn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xv. {]Xyp-X, \\\"\\\"in\u00a3n-t\u00b0-\u2260- XmWv'' F\u2202-Xm-Wv. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8-s\u2202, _\u2018-s\u220f\u00b4 A[n-Im-cn-I\u0192\u00b0v in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-I\u0192 Bcw-`n-\u00b0p- \u2202-Xn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v kmam-\\\\y-K-Xn-bn\u00ac Hgnhn-\u221a. Hcp A[n-Im-cn, Xs\u201a D\u00d8-c-hm-ZnXzw \\\\n\u00bfh-ln-\u00b0m-Xn-cn- \u00b0ptbm AXn\u00ac A\\\\m-h-iy-amb Ime-Xm-akw hcp-\u00d8p-Itbm sNbvXm\u00ac B A[n-Im-cnsb AXns\u201a apI-fn-ep\u2248 A[n-Imcn 1464-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-{]-Imcw Ip\u2030-I-c-amb A\\\\m-\u00ffbv\u00b0v in\u00a3n-\u00b0p-hm\\\\pw IS- s\u220f-\u00b4n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202p. in\u00a3-bpsS e\u00a3yw aq\u2202mW- v. 1) Ip\u2030w sNbvX hy\u2021nb- psS am\\\\k- m\u00a5- cw; 2) DX\u220fv D\u2211qe- \\\\w sN\u00f8pI (removal of scandal); 3) \\\\oXn ho\u2260pw \\\\S-\u220fn-em-\u00b0pI (restoration of justice). Cu aq\u2202v Imcy-\u00dffpw km[n-X-am-bn-\u00b0-gn-\u2122m\u2265 am{Xta \\\"\\\"in\u00a3n-t\u00b0-\u2260-XmWv'' F\u2202v Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbaw A\\\\p-im-kn\u00b0p\u2202 Hcp Ip\u2030Ir-Xy-\u00d8n-te\u00bfs\u220f\u00b4 hy\u2021n-s\u00b0-Xnsc in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-I\u0192 Bcw-`n-\u00b0p-hm- \\\\p\u2248 D\u00d8-c-hm-Zn-Xz-\u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v _\u2018-s\u220f\u00b4 A[n-Im-cn-I\u0192\u00b0v Hgn-\u2122p-am-dm-\\\\mhq (cf. CCEO cc. 1403, 1409). 1.2.8. tae-\u2264y-\u00a3-s\\\\-Xnsc D]-Pm]w \\\\S-\u00d8pI; hntZzjw hf\u00bf\u00d8pI; A[o-\\\\sc A\\\\p-k-c-W-t\u00b0- Sn\\\\v t{]cn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-I. 1447-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS H\u2202mw JWvUnI C\u00df-s\\\\-bmWv: \\\"\\\"GsX-\u00b6nepw tae-\u2264y-\u00a3-s\\\\-Xn-scbpw D]-Pm]w \\\\S-\u00d8p-Itbm, hntZzjw hf\u00bf\u00d8p-I-tbm, At\u00b1-l-\u00d8ns\u201a A[o-\\\\sc A\\\\p-k-c-W-t\u00b0-Sn\\\\v t{]cn\u220f- n\u00b0- pI- tbm sNbvXb- m\u0192 \u02db {]tXyI- n\u00aepw Ip\u2030w sN\u00f8s- \u220f\u00b4- Xv ]m{Xnb- m\u00bf\u00b0ok- nt- \\\\m, tdmam am\u00bf\u220fm- \u220f-bv\u00b0p-t]m-eptam FXn-sc-bm-sW-\u00b6n\u00ac \u02db henb al-tdm\u2265 in\u00a3-t]mepw Hgn-hm-\u00b0m-sX-Xs\u2202 A\\\\p- tbm-Py-ambn in\u00a3n-\u00b0-s\u220f-tS-\u2260-Xm-Wv.'' ChnsS ]m{Xn-bm\u00bf\u00b0okv F\u2202v ]d-\u2122n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202Xv 152-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\{]Imcw taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv F\u2202p-IqSn a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-t\u00b0-\u2260-XmWv: \\\"\\\"Imcy-\u00d8ns\u201a kz`m-h- \u00d8n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v hy\u2021-am-bn-cn-\u00b0p-Itbm s]m-Xp-\\\\n-b-a-\u00d8n\u00ac hy\u2021-ambn adn\u00aev \\\\n\u203a-bn-\u00b0p-Itbm sN\u00f8m- Xn-cp-\u2202m\u00ac, s]m-Xp-\\\\n-b-a-\u00d8n\u00ac ]m{Xn-bm\u00bf\u00b0\u00ac k`-I-sftbm ]m{Xn-bm\u00bf\u00b0o-kp-am-sctbm kw_-\u2018n\u00aev ]d-\u2122n-\u00b4p\u2248 Imcy-\u00df\u0192 taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00b0n F\u220fn-kvtIm-\u220f\u00ac k`-I-tfbpw taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj-\u220fp-am-scbpw kw_-\u2018n\u00aepw _m[-IamWv'' (CCEO c. 152). Cu Imt\\\\m-\\\\-{]-Imcw kotdm-\u02db-a-e-_m\u00bf k`-bpsS taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj-\u220fn-s\\\\-Xnsc D]-Pm]w \\\\S\u00d8n Ir{XnatcJ Na-\u00ae-h\u00bfs\u00b0-Xn-scbpw At\u00b1-l-\u00d8n-s\\\\-Xnsc hntZzjw hf\u00bf\u00d8p\u2202 {]kvXm-h-\\\\-Ifpw {]kw-K-\u00dffpw \\\\S-\u00d8p-Ibpw At\u00b1-l-\u00d8n-s\\\\-Xnsc A[o-\\\\sc 96","Xncn-\u00b0p-Ibpw A\\\\p-k-c-W-t\u00b0-Sn\\\\v t{]cn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-Ibpw sN\u00f8p\u2202 Fd-Wm-Ipfw hna-X\u00bfs\u00b0-Xn-scbpw Cu Imt\\\\m\\\\ A\\\\-p-k-cn-\u00aep\u2248 in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-I\u0192 Bcw-`n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\\\\v ]Icw Ahsc N\u00bf\u00ae-I\u0192\u00b0mbn \u00a3Wn\u00aev Db\u00bf\u2202 ]oT-\u00df-fn-encp\u00d8n Ah\u00bf\u00b0v Ah-c\u00bfln-\u00b0m\u00d8 AwKo-Imcw sIm-Sp\u00b0p\u2202Xv A]-e- ]-\\\\o-b-at\u221a F-\u2202p\u2248 km[m-cW hnizm-kn-I-fpsS tNmZy-\u00df\u0192 D\u00d8-c-an-\u221amsX Ae-bp-t\u00bam\u0192, A\u220f- kvtXm-enIv AUvan-\\\\n-kvt{S-\u2030-dns\u201a Imev sh\u00b4p-sa-\u2202p-t]mepw ]\u00b4m-\u220f-I\u00ac ]c-ky-ambn aoUn-b-bpsS ap\u2202n\u00ach-\u00aep-t]mepw Bt{Im-in\u00ae \\\"\\\"A\ufb02m-b{]-ap-J\u2265'' t]mepw kn\\\\-U\u00ac I\u2126o-j-\\\\n\u00ac hnizm-kn-I- fpsS {]Xn-\\\\n-[n-bmbn N\u00bf\u00ae-bvs\u00b0-\u00d8p-t\u00bam\u0192, Cu k`-bvs\u00b0-\u00a5p-]-\u2030n-sb\u2202v Nn\u00a5n-\u00aep-sIm\u2260v \\\\ncm-i- bp-sSbpw kl-Xm-]-\u00d8n-s\u201abpw ]p\u2014-\u00d8n-s\u201a-bp-am-bp\u2248 k\u2126n{i-`m-h-\u00df-fn-te\u00b0v hgp-Xn-ho-gp\u2202 hnizm- kn-I\u0192\u00b0v k`m-[n-Im-cn-I\u0192 k`-bpsS in\u00a3m-\\\\n-b-a-\u00d8nepw in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-I-fnepw A\\\\p-im-kn-\u00b0p-\u2202- \\\\-S-]-Sn-I\u0192 DZm-ko-\\\\X am\u2030n Bcw-`n\u00aev {]Xo\u00a3 \\\\\u00actI-\u2260-Xm-Wv. Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nb-a-\u00d8nse in\u00a3m-\\\\n-b- a-\u00d8n\\\\v Bh-iy-amb aq\u00bf\u00ae-bp\u2248 ]\u221ap\u2260v. ]t\u00a3, D]-tbm-Kn-t\u00b0-\u2260-h\u00bf Ah\u00bf Gs\u2030-Sp-\u00d8n-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 D\u00d8-c-hm-Zn-Xz-s\u00d8-\u220f\u2030n th\u2260-co-Xn-bn\u00ac Ah-t_m-[-ap-\u2248-h-cmbn-\u00b4pt\u2260m, Ah\u00bf DZm-ko-\\\\X shSn\u2122v X\u00df-fpsS D\u00d8-c-hm-ZnXzw th\u2260-co-Xn-bn\u00ac \\\\n\u00bfh-ln-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 {i\u2264n-\u00b0p-\u2202pt\u2260m F\u2202p-\u2248-XmWv {]k- \u2021-amb tNmZyw. 1.2.9. D\u00d8-c-hm-Zn-Xz-\\\\n\u00bfh-lWw XS-\u00a0-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8p-\u2202-h\u00bf 1447-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS c\u2260mw JWvUn-I-bn\u00ac \\\\mw C\u00dfs\\\\ hmbn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"ip{iq-j-bp-sStbm, Xnc-s\u2122-Sp-\u220fn-s\u201atbm, k`m-]-c-amb A[n-Im-c-\u00d8n-s\u201atbm kzmX-{\u00a5y-tam, k`-bpsS `uXn-I-h-kvXp- \u00b0f- psS \\\\nba- m\\\\- pk- rX D]t- bmK- tam X- S- \u00a0- s- \u220fS- p\u00d8- pI- t- bm, k\u2126X- nZ- mb- I- s- \\\\tbm A[nI- mc- tam ip{iq- jtbm hn\\\\n-tbm-Kn-\u00b0p\u2202 Hcp-h-s\\\\tbm `oj-Wn-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8p-Itbm sN\u00f8p\u2202 hy\u2021n A\\\\p-tbm-Py-ambn in\u00a3n-\u00b0-s\u220f-tS-\u2260-Xm-Wv.'' Fd-Wm-Ipfw hna-X\u00bf ]ebmh\u00bf\u00d8n sNbvXXpw sNbvXp-sIm-\u2260n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202- Xpa- mb Ip\u2030\u00df- f- mWv A\u220fk- vtXme- nIv AUvan\\\\- nk- vt{S\u2030- sdbpw _ke- n\u00b0- m]- \u2248n AUvan\\\\- nk- vt{S\u2030- s- dbpw `oj-Wn-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8p-I, Ah\u00bf Gs\u2030-Sp-\u00d8n-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 ZuXy-\\\\n\u00bfh-l-W-\u00d8n\u00ac Ahsc XS-bpI F\u2202n-\u00df- s\\\\-bp-\u2248-Xv. 2022 Unkw-_\u00bf 23, 24 Xob-Xn-I-fnse dnte Ip\u00bf_m-\\\\-t]mepw _k-en\u00b0m AUvan-\\\\n- kvt{S\u2030- d- ns\\\\ At\u00b1l- \u00d8- ns\u201a AhI- mi- hpw D\u00d8c- h- mZ- nX- zh- pa- mb ss\\\\\u00f8ma- nI _enb- \u00bf\u220fW- \u00d8- n\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw XS-\u00a0-s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8p-hm-\\\\m-bn-cp-\u2202p-sh\u2202v ]I\u00act]mse hy\u2021w. 1447-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS c\u2260v JWvUn-I- I-fnepw \\\\nb-am-\\\\p-kr-Xmb ap\u2202-dn-b\u220fv (canonical warning) \\\\\u00acIn-b-ti-jta in\u00a3n-\u00b0mhq F\u2202 \\\\n_-\u2018-\\\\-bn-\u221am-sb-\u2202Xpw {]tXyIw {]kvXm-hy-am-Wv. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8-s\u2202, C\u00d8-c-\u00d8n-ep\u2248 Hcp Ip\u2030w kw`-hn-\u00aem\u00ac, Ip\u2030-\u00d8ns\u201a Kucha\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev BZys\u00d8 Ip\u2030-\u00d8n-\\\\p-Xs\u2202 in\u00a3n-\u00b0m-hp-\u2202-Xm-Wv. A\ufb02m- bsc kw_-\u2018n-\u00aen-S-t\u00d8mfw ]c-ky-im-kbpw sNdnb al-tdm\u2265 in\u00a3bpw sshZn-Isc kw_-\u2018n-\u00aen- St- \u00d8mfw At\\\\zj- W- h- nt- [b- a- mb kkvs]\u2265j\\\\ptijw Ip\u2030\u00d8- ns\u201a Kuch- a- \\\\- pk- c- n\u00ae- p\u2248 GXv in\u00a3- bpw \u02db sshZn-I-hr-\u00d8n-bn\u00ac\\\\n-\u2202p\u2248 ]ncn-\u00aep-hn-S\u00ac A\u221am-\u00d8h \u02db Cu Ip\u2030-\u00d8n-\\\\p\u2248 in\u00a3-bmbn \\\\\u00acIp- hm-\\\\m-Ipw. 1.2.10. imco-cn-I, am\\\\-knI ]oU\\\\w 1451-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Hcp hy\u2021nsb X\u00b4n-s\u00b0m\u2260v t]mhp-Itbm A\\\\ym-b- ambn XS-\u2122p-h-bv\u00b0p-I-tbm, KpcpX-c-ambn ]cn-t\u00b0-ev]n-\u00b0p-I-tbm, AwK-`wKw hcp-\u00d8p-I-tbm, imcocn- Itam am\\\\-kn-Itam Bb ]oU\\\\w Gev]n-\u00b0p-Itbm sN\u00f8p-\u2202-bm\u0192 henb al-tdm\u2265 in\u00a3-t]mepw Hgn-hm-\u00b0m-sX-Xs\u2202 A\\\\p-tbm-Py-ambn in\u00a3n-\u00b0-s\u220f-tS-\u2260-Xm-Wv.'' Fd-Wm-Ipfw hna-X-cpsS G\u2030hpw CjvS-s\u220f\u00b4 Hcm-bp-[-amWv Ah\u00bf ]d-\u2122-X-\\\\p-k-cn\u00aev Ah-cpsS IqsS \\\\n\u00ac\u00b0m-\u00d8-hsc am\\\\-kn-I-ambn ]oUn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-I-sb-\u2202-Xv. CXv in\u00a3m\u00bfl-amb Hcp Ip\u2030-am-sW\u2202v ]uckvXy Im\\\\\u2265 \\\\nbaw A\u00bf\u221e-i- \u00b6-bv\u00b0nSw \\\\\u00acIm-\u00d8-co-Xn-bn\u00ac hy\u2021-am-\u00b0p-\u2202p. 1.2.11. Gj-Wn-sIm-\u2260p\u2248 A]-JymXn 1452-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m\\\\ C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-in-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"as\u2030m-cm\u0192\u00b0v Kpcp-X-c-amb D]-{Zhw G\u00ac\u220fn-\u00b0p-Itbm Gj-Wn-sIm\u2260v as\u2030m-cm-fpsS k\u00act\u220f-cn\\\\v If\u00b6w hcp-\u00d8p-Itbm sNbvXn-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 Bscbpw DNn-X- amb ]cn-lmcw sN\u00f8p-hm\u2265 \\\\n\u00bf_-\u2018n-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xm-Wv. F\u2202m\u00ac C{]-Im-c-ap\u2248 Hcp hy\u2021n hnk-\u2126-Xn- \u00b0p-I-bm-sW-\u00b6n\u00ac Abmsf sNdnb al-tdm\u2265 in\u00a3-bmtem, kkvs]\u2265j-\\\\mtem in\u00a3n-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xm- Wv.'' Hcmsf kw_-\u2018n-\u00aep\u2248 hkvXpX kXy-k-\u2018-ambn ]d-bp-\u2202Xv Gj-Wn-b-\u221a. F\u2202m\u00ac, sXfn-hp- I-fpsS ASn-\u00ffm-\\\\-\u00d8n\u00ac hkvXp-X-bmbn tImS-Xn-hn[n h\u2202n-\u00b4n-\u221am\u00d8 Imcy-\u00df\u0192 shdpw Btcm-]-W- \u00df\u0192 am{X-am-Wv. A\u00df-s\\\\-bp\u2248 Btcm-]-W-\u00df\u0192 Hcp hy\u2021n-s\u00b0-Xn-cmbn D\u2202-bn-\u00aem\u00ac, AXv sXfn- bn\u00b0p-hm\u2265 Btcm-]Wap\u2202-bn\u00aebm\u0192\u00b0v D\u00d8-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ap-\u2260v. AXv sXfn-bn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xn\u00ac ]cm-P-b-s\u220f- \u00b4m\u00ac, Abm\u0192 Gj-Wn-aqew as\u2030m-cm-fpsS k\u00act\u220fcv \\\\in-\u220fn-\u00aep-sh\u2202 Ip\u2030-\u00d8n\\\\v in\u00a3n-\u00b0-s\u220f-Sm-hp-\u2202- Xm-Wv. \u00ffe-hn-ev]-\\\\-bpsS t]cn\u00ac taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj\u220fv \\\\nb-a-hn-cp-\u2264-ambn H\u2202pw sNbvXn-\u00b4n-\u221am- sb\u2202v t]meokv At\\\\z-j-W-\u00d8n\u00ac sXfn-\u2122n\u00b4pw B dnt\u220fm\u00bf\u00b4v kp{]ow tImS-Xn-bn-ep\u0192s\u220fsS ka\u00bf\u220fn- \u00b0-s\u220f\u00b4v Ign\u2122n\u00b4pw AXp-t]m-se-Xs\u2202 \u00ffe-hn-ev]-\\\\-bnse \\\\jvSw \\\\nI-t\u00d8-\u2260Xv taP\u00bf B\u00bf\u00aev _nj-\u220f-\u221am-sb\u2202v ]cn-ip\u2264 knwlm-k\\\\w hn[n {]Jym-]n\u00aev Ign-\u2122n\u00b4pw ho\u2260pw Bh\u00bf\u00d8n-\u00aem-h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00aev 97","Be-t\u00a9cn ]nXm-hns\\\\ Gj-Wn-sIm\u2260v XI\u00bf\u00b0p-hm\u2265 {ian-\u00b0p-\u2202-h\u00bf Cu Ip\u2030-amWv sNbvXp-sIm- \u2260n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-sX\u2202v hy\u2021w. 1.2.12. Ip\u2030-I-c-amb A\\\\m\u00ff 1464-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS c\u2260mw JWvUnI C\u00dfs\\\\ {]Jym-]n-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"as\u2030m-cm\u0192\u00b0v t{Zmlw hcp- \u00d8ns- \u00b0m\u2260- v, Ip\u2030Ica- mb A\\\\m\u00ff- a- qew k`b- nse Hc[- nI- mc- tam ip{iqj- tbm a\u2030v NpaX- e- tbm kw_- \u2018n\u00ae Hcp {]hr\u00d8n \\\\nb-a-hn-cp-\u2264-ambn sN\u00f8p-Itbm Dt]-\u00a3n-\u00b0p-Itbm sN\u00f8p\u2202 Hcp- hy\u2021n A\\\\p- tbm-Py-ambn in\u00a3n-\u00b0-s\u220f-tS-\u2260-Xm-Wv.'' s_\\\\-UnIvSv 16-\u02dbm-a\u2265 am\u00bf-\u220fm\u220f Bh\u00bf\u00d8n-\u00aem-h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00aev ]Tn-\u220fn- \u00aencp\u2202 Hcp Imcy-am-Wv A\u00ffm-\\\\-\u00d8p\u2248 A\\\\p-I\u00ba (misplaced compassion) KpW-t\u00d8-\u00b0m-tfsd Zqjy-am-bn-cn\u00b0pw It\u00d8m-en-\u00b0m-k-`bv\u00b0v sN\u00f8p-\u2202-Xv F\u2202v. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8-s\u2202, Hmtcm A[n-Im-cnbpw I\u00bf\u00d8m-hns\u201a at\\\\m-`mhw a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0n-s\u00b0m\u2260pw k`-bpsS in\u00a3m-\\\\n-b-ahpw in\u00a3m-\\\\-S-]-Sn-{I-ahpw shdpw Ae-\u00b6m-c-\u00d8n-\\\\p-\u2248-X-\u221a, {]XypX, B\ufb02m-\u00b0-fpsS c\u00a3-bv\u00b0mbn D]-tbm-Kn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\p-\u2248-XmWv F\u2202v a\\\\-\u00a0n-em-\u00b0n-s\u00b0m\u2260pw {]h\u00bf\u00d8n-\u00aen-s\u221a-\u00b6n\u00ac Ah-cpsS Ip\u2030-I-c-amb A\\\\m-\u00ffbpw in\u00a3m\u00bfl- amb, in\u00a3n-t\u00b0\u2260 Ip\u2030-ambn amdpw. k`m-Km-{Xs\u00d8 Im\u00bf\u2202p-Xn-\u2202p\u2202 Nne Im\u2265k-dp-Isf tN\u00bf\u00d8p- ]n-Sn-\u00b0p-I-b\u221a th-\u2260Xv, {]XypX, apdn-\u00aep-am-\u2030p-Itbm Icn-\u00aep-I-f-bp-Itbm BWv th\u2260Xv \u02db NnIn- \u2019n\u00aev kpJs- \u220fS- p\u00d8- ph- m\\\\- mI- p\u2202- ns- \u221a\u00b6- n\u00ac. CXv Cu teJI- s\u201a am{Xw A`n{- ]mb- a- \u221a; {]XypX- , I\u00bf\u00d8m- hn-s\u201abpw (a\u00d8m 18:15-\u02db17) hnip\u2264 ]utem-kn-s\u201abpw AXp-t]mse \\\"\\\"UnUmt\u00b0'', \\\"\\\"UnU-kvIm-enb'' XpS-\u00dfnb {K\u0178-I\u00bf\u00d8m-\u00b0-fp-sSbpw k` C\u2202p-hsc XpS\u00bf\u00aebmbn ]Tn-\u220fn\u00aepw A\\\\p-h\u00bf\u00d8n\u00aepw sIm- \u2260n-cn-\u00b0p\u2202 \\\\nb-a-kw-ln-X-I-fp-sSbpw hy\u2021-amb ImgvN-\u220fm-Sm-Wv. k`-tbm-sSm\u00d8v Nn\u00a5n-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 hnfn- \u00b0-s\u220f-\u00b4n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-h-cmWv k`m-X-\\\\-b\u00bf (sentire cum Ecclesia). \\\\nb-a-hmgvN XI\u00bf\u00b0p-hm\u2265 {ian-\u00b0p-\u2202, inYn-eo-I-cW {]{In-b-I\u0192\u00b0v B\u00b0w Iq\u00b4m\u2265 {ian-\u00b0p\u2202 i\u2021n-I\u0192s\u00b0-Xnsc A\u00ae-S-\u00b0-\u00d8ns\u201a hm\u0192 FSp-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 th\u2260-s\u220f\u00b4 A[n-Im-cn-I\u0192 A\\\\m\u00ff ImWn-\u00aem\u00ac AXv Ip\u2030I-cw-X-s\u2202. 2. in\u00a3-I-\u0192 Npa-\u00d8p-\u2202-Xn-\\\\p\u2248 \\\\S-]-Sn-{Iaw (penal procedure) \\\\\u2126psS \\\\m\u00b4n\u00ac I\u2260p-h-cp\u2202 sX\u2030mb, A]-I-S-I-c-amb {]h-W-X-I-fn\u00ac H\u2202v I\u00bf\u00d8m-hns\u201a kvt\\\\l- \u00d8ns\u201abpw A\\\\pI-\u00ba-bp-sSbpw t]cp]d\u2122v k`m-Km-{Xs\u00d8 Kuc-h-ambn apdn-th-ev]n-\u00aep-sIm-\u2260n-cn- \u00b0p\u2202 Ip\u2030-hm-fn-I-sf-t\u220fmepw in\u00a3n-\u00b0m-Xn-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xm-sW-\u00b6n\u00ac AXp-t]m-se-Xs\u2202 sX\u2030mb as\u2030mcp {]h-W-X-bmWv X\u00df\u0192\u00b0n-jvS-an-\u221am-\u00d8-hsc HXp\u00b0n C\u221am-Xm-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\mbn X\u00df-fpsS ]nWn-bm-fp-I-sf- s\u00b0m\u2260v Ah\u00bfs\u00b0-Xn-cmbn ASn-\u00ffm-\\\\-an-\u221am\u00d8 Btcm-]-W-\u00df\u0192 D\u2202-bn-\u220fn-\u00b0p-Ibpw B Btcm-]-W- \u00df\u0192 tI\u00b4p-I-gn-bp-t\u00bam\u0192\u00d8s\u2202, bmsXmcp \\\\S-]-Sn-{I-a-\u00dffpw ]men-\u00b0m-sX, Ahsc in\u00a3n-\u00b0p-I-tbm, AYhm in\u00a3-sb\u2202 hm\u00b0p-t]mepw D]-tbm-Kn-\u00b0msX tPmen-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw am\u2030n \\\\n\u00bf\u00d8p-Ibpw B\u0192 sX\u2030p-Im-c-\\\\m-sW\u2202v hn[n-\u00b0-s\u220f-Sp-Ibpw te_\u00ac sN\u00f8-s\u220f-Sp-Ibpw sN\u00f8pI F\u2202p-\u2248-Xv. \\\"\\\"Innocent until proven guilty'' F\u2202X- mWv It\u00d8men\u00b0mk`b- nse AwKoI- c- n\u00ae- n\u00b4- p\u2248 \\\\nba- XXzw (legal maxim). 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AXns\u201a H\u2202mw `mK-amWv \\\" {]mY- anI At\\\\z-j-Ww.' {]mY-anI At\\\\z-j-W-s\u00d8-\u220f\u2030n 1468-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS H\u2202pw c\u2260pw JWvUn-I- I\u0192 C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\njvI\u00bfjn-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"Hcp Ip\u2030-s\u00d8-\u00b0p-dn-\u00aep\u2248 Adnhv tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\\\\v In\u00b4p-t\u00bam\u0192, Cu Adnhv kXy-am-sW\u2202v tXm\u2202p-I-sb-\u00b6n-ep-am-sW-\u00b6n\u00ac At\u00b1lw hy\u2021n-]-c-amtbm A\\\\p-tbm-Py-\\\\mb as\u2030mcp hy\u2021nb- ne- qs- Stbm \u02db Cu At\\\\zj- Ww ]q\u00bf\u00c6a- mbpw D]c- n\u03c0ha- mb- nc- n\u00b0- ps- a\u2202v IcpX- m\u00d8]\u00a3w \u02db hkvXp-\u00b0-sfbpw kml-N-cy-\u00df-sf-bpw-Ip-dn\u00aev At\\\\z-jn-\u00b0-Ww. Cu At\\\\z-j-W-\u00d8m\u00ac Bcp-sSbpw k\u00act\u220f-cn\\\\v If-\u00b6-ap-\u2260m-\u00b0m-Xn-cn-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 {i\u2264n-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xm-Wv.'' {]mY-anI At\\\\zj-W-\u00d8n-\\\\p\u2248 D\u00d8- chv Hcp Un{In-h-gn-bn\u00b4v B Un{In-bpsS tIm\u220fn Ip\u2030m-tcm-]n-X\\\\v \\\\\u00acIn-s\u00b0m-\u2260mWv Cu {]mY-anI At\\\\z-jWw Bcw-`n-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xv. Cu Un{In-bn\u00ac F\u00a5v Ip\u2030m-tcm-]-W-amWv At\\\\z-jn-t\u00b0-\u2260-Xv, Ip\u2030m- tcm-]n-X\u2265\/\u00bf Bscm-s\u00b0-bm-Wv, F\u2202p-Xp-S\u00dfn At\\\\z-j-Is\u201a t]cv, t\\\\m\u00b4-dn, \\\\oXn-kw-c-\u00a3-I\u2265 F\u2202n- \u00dfs\\\\ Cu {]mY-anI At\\\\z-jW kwL-\u00d8n-ep-\u2248-h-cpsS t]cpw B kwLw F{X-Im-e-\u00d8n-\\\\n-S-bn\u00ac At\\\\z-jWw ]q\u00bf\u00d8n-bm\u00b0n dnt\u220fm\u00bf\u00b4v ka\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0-W-sa-\u2202Xpw D\u0192s\u220f-Sp-\u00d8n-bn-cn-\u00b0-Ww. CXn-s\\\\-\u220f\u2030n 1469-\u02dbmw Imt\\\\m-\\\\-bpsS aq\u2202mw JWvUnI C\u00dfs\\\\ \\\\n\u00bft\u00b1-in-\u00b0p\u2202p: \\\"\\\"in\u00a3 Npa-\u00d8p\u2202 Imcy-\u00d8n\u00ac Xms\\\\s- \u00a5\u00b6- nepw Xocpa- m\\\\- n\u00b0- p\u2202- X- n\\\\v ap\u2265]v Ip\u2030mt- cm]- nX- \\\\- mb hy\u2021ns- bbpw \\\\oXnk- wc- \u00a3- I- s- \\\\bpw hnth-I-]q\u00bfhI-sa\u2202v At\u00b1lw Icp-Xp-I-bm-sW-\u00b6n\u00ac c\u2260v \\\\ymbm-[n-]-\u2211m-sctbm \\\\nb-a-\u00d8n\u00ac hnZ- Kv\u2264-cmb a\u2030p\u2248-h-sc-bp-tam, tae-\u2264y-\u00a3\u2265 {ihn-t\u00b0-\u2260-XmWv.'' 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Cu teJ\\\\- \u00d8- n\u00ac ]eb- nS- \u00d8- mbn FdW- mI- pf- w hnaX sshZn-I-cpsS 2022 Unkw-_\u00bf 23, 24 Xob-Xn- I-fnse FdWm-Ipfw _k-en-\u00b0-bnse AXn-{I-an\u00aev IS-\u2202p\u2248 \\\\nbaw ewLn-\u00aep\u2248 dnte Ip\u00bf_m- \\\\sb A]-e-]n\u00ae teJ-I\u2265, B kab\u00d8v AhnsS \\\\S\u2202 hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS {]h\u00bf\u00d8-\\\\-\u00df-sf-\u220f\u2030n H\u2202pw ]d-bm-\u00d8Xv teJ-Is\u201a \\\\njv]-\u00a3X-sbbpw B[n-Im-cn-I-X-sbbpw tNmZyw sN\u00f8p-\u2202-Xmbn A\\\\p-hm- N-I-cn\u00ac Nne\u00bfs\u00b0-\u00b6nepw tXm\u2202n-tb-\u00b0mw. Cu teJ-I\u2265 ]\u00a3-]m-Xn-bm-Wv. AXv AwKo-I-cn-\u00b0p-hm- \\\\p\u2248 B\u00bf\u00f7-h-hp-ap-\u2260v. 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AXv ASn-a-Xz-at\u221a F\u2202v tNmZn-\u00b0p-\u2202-h-tcm-Sp\u2248 adp-]- Sn-bn-Xm-Wv: ]m]-I-c-amb bmsXm\u2202pw sN\u00f8p-hm\u2265 A\\\\p-k-c-W-\u00d8n\u2265t]-cn\u00ac \\\\mamcpw IS-s\u220f-\u00b4n-\u00b4n-\u221a. A\u00a5\u00bfeo-\\\\-ambn sX\u2030mb (inherently evil) GsX-\u00b6nepw Imcyw sN\u00f8p-hm\u2265, k\u2211m-\u00bf-\u00a7-]-c-ambn A]-e- ]-\\\\o-b-amb (morally reprehensible) GsX-\u00b6nepw Imcyw sN\u00f8p-hm\u2265 A[n-Im-cn-I\u0192 Bh-iy-s\u220f- \u00b4m\u00ac \\\\mw Bcpw AXv A\\\\p-kcnt\u00b0\u2260-Xn-\u221a. F\u2202m\u00ac, A\u221am-sX-bp\u2248 F\u221am \\\\nb-ahpw A\\\\p-k-cn- \u00b0p-hm\u2265 \\\\mw IS-s\u220f-\u00b4n-cn-\u00b0p-\u2202p. 99","AXp-t]m-se-X-s\u2202-bmWv \\\\nb-a-ew-L-\\\\hpw Ip\u2030-I-c-amb {]hr-\u00d8n-I-fpw hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS {i\u2264- bn\u00acs\u220f-\u00b4m\u00ac AXv BcpsS `mK-\u00d8p-\\\\n-\u2202m-bmepw AXns\\\\ XS-bp-hm\u2265 A\ufb02m-b-hn-izm-kn-I-fp\u0192s\u220f- sS-bp\u2248 ssZh-P-\\\\-\u00d8ns\u201a Ah-Im-ihpw IS-a-bpw. B Ah-Im-i-\u00d8n-s\u201abpw IS-a-bp-sSbpw \\\\n\u00bfh-l- W-\u00d8n-\\\\p-\u2248 Hcp ]cn{i-aam-bn\u00b4v hnizm-kn-I-fpsS- dnte Ip\u00bf_m\\\\ XS-bp-hm-\\\\p\u2248 {ias\u00d8 a\\\\-\u00a0n-em- \u00b0p-hm\u2265 km[n-\u00b0pw. Fd-Wm-Ipfw hna-X\u00bf Btcm]n-\u00b0p-\u2202-Xp-t]mse Ah\u00bf A\u0192\u00d8mc adn-\u00aen-\u00b4n-\u221a; Xncp-thmkvXn \\\\ne-\u00d8n\u00b4v Nhn-\u00b4n-bn-\u00b4n\u221a; Xncp-c\u2021w Imk-bn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202v Hgp-\u00b0n-\u00b0-f-\u2122n-\u00b4p-an-\u221a. Ah\u00bf {ian- \u00aeXv \\\\nb-a-hn-cp-\u2264-am-b, {Inan-\\\\-emb I]-S-_-en-b\u00bf\u220fWw XS-bm\\\\m-Wv. {]Y-a-ZrjvSym Ah-cpsS Dt\u00b1iw \\\\\u221aXmsW\u2202v ImW-phm\u2265 Ign-bpw. F\u2202m\u00ac Ah\u00bf Ah-ew-_n\u00ae coXn-bn\u00ac sX\u2030p-Ifpw Ipd-hp-Ifpw Ip\u2030-\u00df-fp-ap-\u2260mbn\u00b4p\u2260v. a\u2030m-scbpw a\u00bf\u00b1n-\u00b0p-hm\u2265 B\u00bf\u00b0p-a-h-Im-i-an-\u221a. F\u2202m\u00ac, 2022 Unkw-_\u00bf 24- \u02dbmw XobXn Nne A\ufb02m-b-cpsS \\\"\\\"ssIsh\u220fvip-{iqj''bv\u00b0v Nne sshZn-I\u00bf ]m{X-am-sb-\u00b6n\u00ac, AXn- \\\\p\u2248 kml-Ncyw krjvSn-\u00ae-h\u00bf B sshZn-I\u00bf X-s\u2202-bmWv F\u2202p-\u2248Xpw hy\u2021-am-Wv. X\u00df-fpsS I\u00d8o-{U\u00ac ]\u2248n-bn\u00ac X\u00df-fpsS CS-h-I-hn-Im-cn-bpsS \u00ffm\\\\\u00d8v \\\\nb-an-\u00b0-s\u220f\u00b4 AUvan-\\\\n-kvt{S-\u2030\u00bf sshZn-Is\\\\ _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\-\\\\p-h-Zn-\u00b0msX AXn-{I-an-I\u0192 \u02db Ah\u00bf tfmh-[m-cn-I-fm-sW-\u00b6n\u00act\u220fmepw \u02db AhnsS AJ-WvU-ambn {]Xy\u00a3m I]-S-_-en-b\u00bf\u220fWw \\\\S-\u00d8p-\u2202XpI\u2260 Ah-cpsS \u00a3a \\\\in-s\u00ae- \u00b6n\u00ac AXv AwKo-I-cn-\u00b0m-hp-\u2202Xs\u221a\u00b6n\u00ac t]mepw am\\\\pjn-Iambn kw`hy-amsW\u2202v ]d-bm-sX-h-\u00f8. AXn-\\\\m\u00ac\u00d8-s\u2202, AhcpsS Ip\u2030-\u00df-sfmcp ]c-ky-im-k-\\\\-bm-Ip\u2202 in\u00a3 sIm-Sp\u00d8v Xo\u00bf\u00b0m-hp-\u2202- Xp-am-sW\u2202v tXm\u2202p-\u2202p. Ah-cpsS {]hr\u00d8n I\u2260p-\\\\n\u2202 \\\\nb-a-]m-e-I\u00bf Ahsc XS-bm-Xn-cp-\u2202- Xn\u00ac\\\\n\u2202pw A\\\\p-am-\\\\n-t\u00b0-\u2260Xv \\\\nb-a-]m-e-I\u00bf sNt\u00f8-\u2260n-bn-cp\u2202 {]hr\u00d8n Ah\u00bf sNbvXp F\u2202 \\\\nK-a-\\\\-\u00d8n-\u00ac B \\\\nb-a-]m-e-I\u00bf F\u00d8n-t\u00ae\u00bf\u2202p F\u2202-Xp-sIm-\u2260mWv F\u2202v Nn\u00a5n-\u00aem\u00ac AXv sX\u2030m- Im\\\\nSb- n\u221a- . \\\\nba- ]- me- \\\\w t]meok- ns\u201a tPmenb- mW- v. \\\\nba- e- wL- \\\\w I\u2260me- Xv XSt- b\u2260- Xpw t]meo- kns\u201a I\u00bf\u00d8-hy-am-Wv. AXv \\\\n\u00bfh-ln-\u00b0p-hm-\\\\mWv _k-en\u00b0m AUvan-\\\\n-kvt{S-\u2030\u00bf t]meo-kn-t\\\\m-Sm- h-iy-s\u220f-\u00b4-Xv. F\u2202m\u00ac, Xncp-h-kv{X-\u00df-f-Wn\u2122v A\u0192\u00d8m-c-bn\u00ac _en-b\u00bf\u220fn-\u00b0p\u2202 sshZn-Isc XS- \u2122m-ep\u2248 `hnjy\u00d8v Ahsc `bm-Ip-e-cm-\u00b0n; \\\\n\u00bfho-cy-cm-\u00b0n. Cu ]\u203am-\u00d8-e-\u00d8n-emWv A\ufb02mb hnizm-kn-I-fn\u00ac Nne\u00bf B\u00bf\u00f7-h-t\u00d8msS B ZuXyw Gs\u2030-Sp-\u00d8-sX-\u2202Xpw hnkva-cn-\u00aep-Iq-Sm. 100"]
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