ابن جبير فى مصر والحجاز

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫)‪ُ (8‬ﻣ ْﻜ ِﺜ ُﺮ ﺑْ ُﻦ ِﻋﻴ َﴗ‬ ‫َو ِﰲ َﻋ ِ ﱢﴚ ﻳَ ْﻮ ِم اﻟﺜﱡﻼﺛﺎءِ اﻟﺤﺎ ِدى َﻋ َ َﴩ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ ﻛﺎ َن اﻧْ ِﻔ َﺼﺎﻟُﻨﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ » ُﺟ ﱠﺪة«‪ ،‬ﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ أَ ْن َﺿ ِﻤ َﻦ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﺤ ﱠﺠﺎ ُج ﺑَ ْﻌ ُﻀ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﺑَ ْﻌ ًﻀﺎ‪َ ،‬وﺛﺒﺘَ ْﺖ أَ ْﺳﻤﺎ ُؤ ُﻫ ْﻢ ِﰲ ِز َﻣﺎ ٍم ِﻋﻨْ َﺪ َﻗﺎ ِﺋ ِﺪ » ُﺟ ﱠﺪ َة«‪» :‬ﻋ ِﲇﱢ ﺑْ ِﻦ ُﻣ َﻮ ﱠﻓ ٍﻖ«‪،‬‬ ‫َﺣ ْﺴﺒَﻤﺎ ﻧَ َﻔﺬَ إِ َﻟﻴْ ِﻪ ذ ِﻟ َﻚ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﺳ ْﻠ َﻄﺎ ِﻧ ِﻪ َﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺐ » َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ‪ُ :‬ﻣ ْﻜ ِﺜ ِﺮ ﺑْ ِﻦ ِﻋﻴ َﴗ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫ َﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺮ ُﺟ ُﻞ » ُﻣ ْﻜ ِﺜ ٌﺮ« ِﻣ ْﻦ ذُ ﱢرﻳَ ِﺔ »ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﺴ ِﻦ ﺑ ِﻦ ﻋ ِﲇﱟ«‪ِ ،‬ر ْﺿﻮا ُن ِﷲ ﻋ َﻠﻴْﻬ َﻤﺎ؛ ﻟ ِﻜﻨﱠ ُﻪ ِﻣ ﱠﻤ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﻳَ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ َﻏ ْيرَ َﺻﺎ ِﻟ ٍﺢ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠﻴْ َﺲ ِﻣ ْﻦ أَ ْﻫﻞ َﺳ َﻠ ِﻔ ِﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻜﺮﻳ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (9‬ﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻠ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫وأَ ْ َﴎﻳْﻨَﺎ ِﺗﻠﻚ اﻟ ﱠﻠﻴ َﻠ َﺔ إِﱃ أَن َو َﺻ ْﻠﻨﺎ »ا ْﻟ َﻘﺮﻳ َﻦ« ﻣﻊ ُﻃﻠﻮ ِع اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻤ ِﺲ‪ .‬وﻫﺬا ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻮ ِﺿ ُﻊ ﻫﻮ َﻣﻨْ ِﺰ ُل‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﺤﺎ ﱢج و َﻣ َﺤ ﱡﻂ ر َﺣﺎ ِﻟﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨ ُﻪ ﻳُ ْﺤ ِﺮ ُﻣﻮ َن‪َ ،‬و ِﺑ ِﻪ ﻳُ ِﺮﻳ ُﺤﻮ َن ا ْﻟﻴَ ْﻮ َم اﻟﺬي ﻳُ ْﺼ ِﺒ ُﺤﻮﻧَ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓ ِﺈذا ﻛﺎن ﰲ َﻋ ِﺸﻴﱠﺔ‪ ،‬ر َﻓ ُﻌﻮا وأَ ْ َﴎ ْوا َﻟﻴْ َﻠﺘَ ُﻬﻢ وﺻﺒﱠ ُﺤﻮا ا ْﻟﺤ َﺮ َم اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩﻳ َﻒ‪ ،‬زا َد ُه ﷲُ ﺗَ ْ ِﴩﻳ ًﻔﺎ‬ ‫وﺗَ ْﻌ ِﻈﻴ ًﻤﺎ‪ .‬واﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِد ُرون ِﻣﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ﱢﺞ ﻳَﻨْ ِﺰﻟﻮن ﺑ ِﻪ أَﻳْ ًﻀﺎ‪َ ،‬وﻳُ ْ ُﴪون ﻣﻨ ُﻪ إِﱃ » ُﺟ ﱠﺪ َة«‪ ،‬وﺑﻬﺬا‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻤﻮ ِﺿ ِﻊ ﺑ ْﱤٌ َﻋﺬْﺑ ٌﺔ َﻣ ِﻌﻴﻨَ ٌﺔ ) َﻗ ِﺮﻳﺒَ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺎ ِء(‪ ،‬وا ْﻟ َﺤﺎ ﱡج — ِﺑ َﺴﺒَ ِﺒﻬﺎ — ﻻ ﻳَ ْﺤﺘﺎ ُﺟﻮن إِﱃ ﺗَ َﺰ ﱡو ِد ا ْﻟ َﻤﺎءِ‬ ‫َﻏ ْي َر َﻟﻴْ َﻠ ِﺔ إِ ْﴎا ِﺋ ِﻬ ْﻢ إِ َﻟﻴْ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄَ َﻗ ْﻤﻨَﺎ ﺑَﻴﺎ َض ﻳَ ْﻮم اﻷَ ْرﺑﻌﺎ ِء‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﻳﺤي َن ﺑﺎ ْﻟ َﻘ ِﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎدس‬ ‫اﳊ َﺮ ُم اﳌ َﻜ ّﻰ‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻣﻜ ُﺔ ال ُمﻜﺮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ َﻠ ﱠﻤﺎ ﺣﺎ َن و ْﻗ ُﺖ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ِ ﱢﴚ ُر ْﺣﻨَﺎ ِﻣﻨ ُﻪ ُﻣ ْﺤ ِﺮﻣي َن ﺑ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮة‪ ،‬ﻓﺄَ َﴎﻳْﻨَﺎ ﻟﻴْ َﻠﺘَﻨﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎ َن ُوﺻﻮﻟُﻨﺎ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺠ ِﺮ إِﱃ َﻗﺮﻳ ِﺐ ا ْﻟ َﺤﺮ ِم‪ .‬ﻓﻨَ َﺰ ْﻟﻨَﺎ ُﻣ ْﺮﺗَ ِﻘ ِﺒي َن ﻻﻧْ ِﺘ َﺸﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮ ِء‪ ،‬ود َﺧ ْﻠﻨﺎ »ﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ« — َﺣ َﺮﺳﻬﺎ ﷲُ‬ ‫— َﻋ َﲆ ﺑﺎب اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮ ِة — ﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ َﻋ ِﺔ اﻷُو َﱃ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻳَﻮ ِم ا ْﻟ َﺨﻤﻴﺲ اﻟﺜﺎ ِﻟ َﺚ ﻋ َﴩ ِﻟ َﺮﺑﻴ ِﻊ اﻵ ِﺧ ِﺮ‪ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺮاﺑ ُﻊ ﻣ ْﻦ َﺷ ْﻬ ِﺮ أَ ُﻏ ْﺸ َﺖ )أَ ُﻏﺴ ُﻄ َﺲ(‪ .‬و َﻛﺎن إِ َﴎا ُؤﻧَﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟ ﱠﻠﻴْﻠ َﺔ واﻟﺒَ ْﺪ ُر َﻗ ْﺪ أَ ْﻟ َﻘﻰ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺒَ ِﺴﻴ َﻄ ِﺔ‬ ‫ُﺷ َﻌﺎ َﻋ ُﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﻠﻴْ ُﻞ ﻗ ْﺪ َﻛ َﺸ َﻒ ﻋﻨﱠﺎ ِﻗﻨَﺎ َﻋ ُﻪ‪ ،‬واﻷَ ْﺻﻮا ُت ﺗَ ُﺼ ﱡﻚ اﻵذا َن‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﱠﻠ ِﺒﻴَ ِﺔ ﻣ ْﻦ ﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻣﻜﺎ ٍن‪،‬‬ ‫واﻷَ ْﻟ ِﺴﻨ ُﺔ ﺗَ ِﻀ ﱡﺞ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺪﻋﺎءِ‪ ،‬وﺗَﺒْﺘَ ِﻬ ُﻞ إِﱃ ِﷲ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﻏﺒَﺎ ِء )اﻟ ﱠﴬا َﻋ ِﺔ(‪َ .‬ﻓﺘﺎ َر ًة ﺗَﺸﺘَ ﱡﺪ ِﰲ اﻟﺘﱠﻠ ِﺒﻴَ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وآ ِوﻧَ ًﺔ‬ ‫ﺗَﺘَ ﱠﴬ ُع ﺑﺎﻷَ ْد ِﻋﻴَ ِﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﺎ َﻟﻬﺎ َﻟﻴْ َﻠ ًﺔ َﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ اﻟ ُﺤ ْﺴ ِﻦ ﺑَﻴ َﻀ َﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻬ َﻲ َﻋ ُﺮو ُس َﻟﻴَﺎ ِﱃ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (2‬ﺣ َﺮ ُم اﻟﻜ ْﻌﺒَ ِﺔ‬ ‫وﻫ َﻜﺬَا ﺑَ َﻠ ْﻐﻨَﺎ ﺣ َﺮ َم ِﷲ اﻟ َﻌ ِﻈﻴ َﻢ‪ ،‬و ُﻣﺒَ ﱠﻮأَ ا ْﻟ َﺨ ِﻠﻴ ِﻞ »إِﺑْ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢ«‪ ،‬ﻓﺄَ ْﻟ َﻔﻴْﻨَﺎ اﻟ َﻜ ْﻌﺒَ َﺔ‪ :‬ا ْﻟﺒَﻴْﺖ ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﺮا َم‪،‬‬ ‫َﻋ ُﺮو ًﺳﺎ َﻣ ْﺠﻠُ ﱠﻮ ًة َﻣ ْﺰ ُﻓﻮﻓ ًﺔ إِﱃ َﺟﻨﱠ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱢﺮﺿﻮا ِن‪ ،‬ﻣﺤ ُﻔﻮ َﻓ ًﺔ ﺑ ُﻮ ُﻓﻮ ِد اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﺣﻤ ِﻦ‪َ .‬ﻓ ُﻄ ْﻔﻨﺎ َﻃﻮا َف ا ْﻟ ُﻘﺪو ِم‪،‬‬ ‫ﺛُ ﱠﻢ ﺻ ﱠﻠﻴْﻨﺎ ﺑﺎ ْﻟﻤﻘﺎ ِم ا ْﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وﺗ َﻌ ﱠﻠﻘﻨَﺎ ﺑﺄَ ْﺳﺘﺎر ا ْﻟ َﻜ ْﻌﺒ ِﺔ — ِﻋﻨْ َﺪ ال ُم ْﻠﺘَ َﺰ ِم — و ُﻫ َﻮ ﺑ ْي َن ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﺠ ِﺮ‬ ‫اﻷَ ْﺳﻮ ِد وا ْﻟﺒﺎب‪ .‬ود َﺧ ْﻠﻨﺎ ُﻗﺒﱠ َﺔ » َز ْﻣ َﺰ َم« و َ ِﴍﺑْﻨﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻣﺎ ِﺋﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺛُ ﱠﻢ َﺳ َﻌﻴْﻨﺎ ﺑ ْي َن اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ وا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺮ َو ِة‪ ،‬ﺛُ ﱠﻢ‬ ‫ﺣ َﻠ ْﻘﻨﺎ وأَ ْﺣ َﻠ ْﻠﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﺎ ْﻟ َﺤ ْﻤ ُﺪ للهِ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻛ ﱠﺮ َﻣﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟ ِﻮﻓﺎ َد ِة ﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ َﺣ ْﺴﺒُﻨﺎ وﻧِ ْﻌ َﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻮ ِﻛﻴ ُﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ﻧُ ُﺰوﻟُﻨﺎ ِﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺪا ٍر َﻗﺮﻳﺒَ ٍﺔ ﻣﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﺮ ِم‪ ،‬و ِﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱡﺴ ﱠﺪ ِة‪ :‬أَ َﺣ ِﺪ أَﺑْﻮا ِﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ُﺣ ْﺠﺮ ٍة‬ ‫َﻛ ِﺜير ِة ال َم َﺮاﻓ ِﻖ ال َم ْﺴ َﻜ ِﻨﻴﱠ ِﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْ ِﴩﻓ ٍﺔ َﻋ َﲆ ا ْﻟ َﺤﺮم و َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ َﻜﻌﺒَ ِﺔ ال ُم َﻘ ﱠﺪ َﺳ ِﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫)‪ (3‬أَ ْﺳ َﻌ ُﺪ اﻷَ ِﻫ ﱠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ا ْﺳﺘَﻬ ﱠﻞ ﻫﻼ ُل » ُﺟ َﻤﺎ َدى اﻷُو َﱃ« وﻗﺪ َﻛ َﻤ َﻞ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﻤ ﱠﻜ َﺔ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴ َﺔ ﻋ َ َﴩ ﻳﻮ ًﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ ِﻬﻼ ُل ﻫﺬا اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ‬ ‫أَ ْﺳ َﻌ ُﺪ ِﻫﻼَل اﺟﺘﻠﺘْ ُﻪ أَﺑْ َﺼﺎ ُرﻧَﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ َﺳ َﻠ َﻒ ﻣﻦ أَ ْﻋ َﻤﺎ ِرﻧَﺎ‪ .‬ﻃﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻨَﺎ وﻗﺪ ﺗَﺒَ ﱠﻮأْﻧﺎ َﻣﻘ َﻌ َﺪ ا ْﻟ ِﺠﺪا ِر‬ ‫اﻟ َﻜﺮﻳ َﻢ‪ ،‬وﺣﺮ َم ِﷲ اﻟﻌﻈﻴ َﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟ ُﻘﺒﱠ َﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َﻣﻘﺎ ُم إِﺑﺮاﻫﻴ َﻢ‪ ،‬و َﻣﺒْﻌ َﺚ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل‪ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻬ ِﺒ َﻂ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺮو ِح اﻷَﻣي ِن‪» :‬ﺟﱪﻳ َﻞ« ﺑﺎﻟﻮ ْﺣﻲ واﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄَﻟ َﻬ َﻤﻨﺎ ﷲُ ﺷﻜ َﺮ ﻫﺬه الِمﻨﱠ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻋ ﱠﺮ َﻓﻨﺎ َﻗ ْﺪ َر ﻣﺎ ﺧ ﱠﺼﻨَﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ِﻧ ْﻌ َﻤﺔ‪ ،‬و َﺧﺘَ َﻢ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﺎ ْﻟ َﻘﺒُﻮ ِل‪،‬‬ ‫وأَ ْﺟ َﺮاﻧَﺎ َﻋ َﲆ ﻛﺮﻳ ِﻢ َﻋﻮا ِﺋ ِﺪه‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺼﻨْ ِﻊ اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻞ‪ ،‬و َﻟﻄﻴ ِﻒ اﻟﺘﱠﻴْ ِﺴي ِر واﻟﺘﱠ ْﺴ ِﻬﻴ ِﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪52‬‬

‫اﻟﺤ َﺮ ُم ال َمﻜ ّﻰ‬ ‫)‪ (4‬اﻷَ ْرﻛﺎ ُن اﻷَ ْرﺑ َﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴ ُﺖ ال ُم َﻜ ﱠﺮ ُم ﻟﻪ أَرﺑﻌ ُﺔ أَرﻛﺎ ٍن‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻗﺮﻳ ٌﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﱰﺑﻴ ِﻊ‪ .‬وأَﺧﱪﻧﻲ زﻋﻴ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴ ِﺒﻴﱢين اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫إِﻟﻴﻬﻢ ِﺳﺪاﻧَ ُﺔ ا ْﻟﺒَﻴْ ِﺖ ) ِﺧ ْﺪ َﻣﺘُ ُﻪ( أَ ﱠن ا ْرﺗﻔﺎ َﻋﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻬﻮا ِء‪ِ ،‬ﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔﺢ )اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ( اﻟﺬي ﻳُﻘﺎﺑ ُﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ َب اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻔﺎ — َوﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤ َﺠ ِﺮ اﻷَ ْﺳﻮ ِد‪ ،‬إِﱃ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛﻦ ا ْﻟﻴَﻤﺎﻧ ﱢﻲ — ِﺗ ْﺴ ٌﻊ و ِﻋ ُﴩو َن ِذرا ًﻋﺎ‪َ ،‬و ِﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺋ ِﺮ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧ ِﺐ ﺛَﻤﺎ ٍن و ِﻋ ُﴩو َن‪ .‬وأَ ﱠو ُل أَ ْرﻛﺎ ِﻧﻪ اﻟﺮ ُﻛ ُﻦ اﻟﺬي ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﺠ ُﺮ اﻷَ ْﺳﻮ ُد‪ ،‬وﻣﻨْﻪ اﺑْﺘﺪا ُء‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻄﻮا ِف‪َ ،‬وﻳﺘَ َﻘ ْﻬ َﻘ ُﺮ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎ ِﺋ ُﻒ ﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ِﻟﻴَ َﻤ ﱠﺲ اﻟ َﺤ َﺠ َﺮ َﺟ ِﻤﻴ َﻌﻪ ﺑﺒَﺪ ِﻧ ِﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟﺒَﻴْ ُﺖ ال ُم َﻜ ﱠﺮ ُم َﻋ ْﻦ ﻳَﺴﺎ ِر ِه‪.‬‬ ‫وأ ﱠو ُل ﻣﺎ ﻳَ ْﻠﻘﻰ ﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ ُه‪ :‬اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛ ُﻦ اﻟﻌﺮا ِﻗ ﱡﻲ وﻫﻮ ﻧﺎ ِﻇ ٌﺮ إِﱃ ﺟﻬ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻤﺎ ِل‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ اﻟ ﱡﺮﻛ ُﻦ اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻣ ﱡﻲ‪ ،‬وﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫ﻧَﺎﻇ ٌﺮ إِﱃ ﺟﻬ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻐ ْﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﺛُ ﱠﻢ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛ ُﻦ اﻟﻴﻤﺎﻧ ﱡﻲ و ُﻫ َﻮ ﻧﺎ ِﻇ ٌﺮ إِﱃ ﺟﻬ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﺠﻨﻮ ِب‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻳﻌﻮ ُد إﱃ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛ ِﻦ‬ ‫اﻷَ ْﺳ َﻮ ِد‪ ،‬و ُﻫﻮ ﻧﺎ ِﻇ ٌﺮ إِﱃ ﺟﻬ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠ ْﴩ ِق‪ ،‬وﻋﻨْ َﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻳُﺘِ ﱡﻢ َﺷ ْﻮ ًﻃﺎ واﺣ ًﺪا‪ .‬وﺑﺎ ُب ا ْﻟﺒَﻴْ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻜﺮﻳ ِﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ ِﺢ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﺑين اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛﻦ اﻟ ِﻌﺮا ِﻗ ﱢﻲ و ُر ْﻛ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﺠ ِﺮ اﻷَ ْﺳ َﻮ ِد‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ﻗﺮﻳ ٌﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺠﺮ ﺑ َﻌ َﴩ ِة‬ ‫أَ ْﺷﺒﺎ ٍر‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ال ُم ْﻠﺘَ َﺰم‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ ال َم ْﻮ ِﺿ ُﻊ — اﻟﺬي ﺑﻴْﻨَ ُﻬﻤﺎ ِﻣﻦ َﺻ ْﻔﺢ اﻟﺒﻴْ ِﺖ — ﻳُ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪» :‬ال ُم ْﻠﺘَ َﺰ َم«‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻮ ِﺿ ُﻊ ا ْﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺪﻋﺎ ِء‪ ،‬واﻟﺒﺎ ُب اﻟ َﻜﺮﻳ ُﻢ ُﻣ ْﺮﺗَ ِﻔ ٌﻊ ﻋﻦ اﻷَ ْر ِض ﺑﺄَ َﺣ َﺪ َﻋ َ َﴩ ِﺷ ْﱪًا وﻧِ ِﺼ ِﻒ ﺷ ٍﱪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻓ ﱠﻀ ٌﺔ ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻫﺒَ ٌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑَﺪﻳ ُﻊ اﻟﺼﻨْ َﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬راﺋ ُﻖ اﻟ ﱢﺼﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳَ ْﺴﺘَﻮ ِﻗ ُﻒ اﻷَﺑﺼﺎ َر ُﺣ ْﺴﻨًﺎ و ُﺧﺸﻮ ًﻋﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻤﻬﺎﺑَ ِﺔ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺘﻲ َﻛﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﷲُ‬ ‫ﺑَﻴْﺘَ ُﻪ‪ .‬وﻟﻠﺒﺎب ﻧَ ﱠﻘﺎ َرﺗﺎ ِن ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ﱠﻀ ِﺔ َﻛ ِﺒيرﺗﺎ ِن‪ ،‬ﻳَﺘَﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻬﻤﺎ ُﻗ ْﻔ ُﻞ ا ْﻟﺒﺎ ِب‪ .‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﻧﺎ ِﻇ ٌﺮ ِﻟﻠ ﱠ ْﴩ ِق‪،‬‬ ‫َو َﺳﻌﺘُ ُﻪ ﺛَﻤﺎ ِﻧﻴ ُﺔ أَ ْﺷﺒﺎ ٍر‪ ،‬و ُﻃﻮﻟُﻪ ﺛﻼﺛَ َﺔ َﻋ َ َﴩ ِﺷ ْ ًﱪا‪ ،‬و ِﻏ َﻠ ُﻆ اﻟﺤﺎ ِﺋ ِﻂ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻳَﻨْ َﻄ ِﻮي ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ ا ْﻟﺒﺎ ُب‬ ‫َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ ُﺔ أَ ْﺷﺒَﺎ ِر‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬داﺧﻞ اﻟﺤﺮم‬ ‫وداﺧ ُﻞ اﻟﺒﻴ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻜﺮﻳ ِﻢ َﻣ ْﻔﺮو ٌش ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺮﺧﺎ ِم ال ُم َﺠ ﱠﺰ ِع )ال ُم َﻠ ﱠﻮ ِن(‪ ،‬و ِﺣﻴﻄﺎﻧُ ُﻪ ﻛ ﱡﻠﻬﺎ ُرﺧﺎ ٌم ُﻣ َﺠ ﱠﺰ ٌع‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َم َﻋ َﲆ ﺛﻼﺛ ِﺔ أَﻋﻤ َﺪ ٍة ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ِج ُﻣ ْﻔ ِﺮ َﻃ ِﺔ اﻟﻄﻮ ِل )واﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ُج َﺧ َﺸﺐ أَ ْﺳ َﻮ ٌد َﻣ ِﺘي ٌن ﻻ ﺗَﻜﺎ ُد اﻷَ ْر ُض‬ ‫ﺗُﺒْ ِﻠﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬و َﺷ َﺠ ُﺮه ا ْﻟ َﻌ ِﻈﻴﻢ ﻳَﻨْﺒُ ُﺖ ﰲ ا ْﻟ ِﻬﻨْ ِﺪ(‪ ،‬وﺑين ﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻋﻤﻮ ٍد وﻋﻤﻮ ٍد أَرﺑ ُﻊ َﺧ ًﻄﺎ‪ .‬وﻫﻲ َﻋ َﲆ ﻃﻮل‬ ‫‪53‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴ ِﺖ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺘَﻮ ﱢﺳ َﻄ ٌﺔ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﺄَ َﺣ ُﺪ اﻷَ ْﻋ َﻤ َﺪ ِة — وﻫﻮ أَ ﱠوﻟُﻬﺎ — ﻳُﻘﺎ ِﺑ ُﻞ ِﻧ ْﺼ َﻒ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ ِﺢ اﻟﺬي ﻳَ ُﺤ ﱡﻒ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛﻨﺎن ا ْﻟﻴَﻤﺎ ِﻧﻴّﺎن‪ ،‬وﺑﻴﻨ ُﻪ وﺑي َن اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ ِﺢ ﻣﻘﺪا ُر ﺛﻼ ِث ُﺧ ًﻄﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وا ْﻟ َﻌ ُﻤﻮ ُد اﻟﺜﱠﺎ ِﻟ ُﺚ — وﻫﻮ آ ِﺧ ُﺮﻫﺎ — ﻳُﻘﺎ ِﺑ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺢ اﻟﺬي ﻳَ ُﺤ ﱡﻒ ﺑ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛﻨﺎ ِن ا ْﻟ ِﻌﺮاﻗ ﱡﻲ‬ ‫واﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِﻣ ﱡﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ودا ِﺋ ُﺮ ا ْﻟﺒَﻴْ ِﺖ ﻛ ﱡﻠﻪ — ﻣﻦ ِﻧ ْﺼ ِﻔ ِﻪ اﻷَ ْﻋ َﲆ — َﻣ ْﻄ ِﲇﱞ ﺑﺎﻟ ِﻔ ﱠﻀ ِﺔ ال ُمﺬَ ﱠﻫﺒَ ِﺔ اﻟﺜﱠ ِﺨﻴﻨَﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳُ َﺨﻴﱠ ُﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﱠﺎ ِﻇ ِﺮ‬ ‫إِﻟﻴﻬﺎ أَﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﻔﻴﺤ ُﺔ ذﻫﺐ ِﻟﻐ َﻠ ِﻈﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ﺗَ ُﺤ ﱡﻒ ﺑﺎ ْﻟ َﺠﻮا ِﻧ ِﺐ اﻷَ ْرﺑَﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗُ ْﻤ ِﺴ ُﻚ ِﻧ ْﺼ َﻒ ا ْﻟ ِﺠﺪار اﻷَ ْﻋ َﲆ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﺳ ْﻘ ُﻒ ا ْﻟﺒَﻴْ ِﺖ ُﻣ َﺠ ﱠﻠ ٌﻞ ﺑ ِﻜﺴﺎ ٍء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺮ ال ُم َﻠ ﱠﻮ ِن‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬أَ ْﺳﺘﺎر اﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫وﻇﺎ ِﻫ ُﺮ اﻟ َﻜ ْﻌﺒَ ِﺔ ﻛ ﱢﻠﻬﺎ — ﻣﻦ اﻷَرﺑﻌ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﺠﻮا ِﻧ ِﺐ — َﻣ ْﻜﺴ ﱞﻮ ِﺑ ُﺴﺘُﻮ ٍر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻳ ِﺮ اﻷَﺧ ِﴬ‪،‬‬ ‫و َﺳﺪاﻫﺎ ) ُﺧﻴﻮ ُﻃﻬﺎ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻤﺘَ ﱠﺪ ُة ُﻃﻮ ًﻻ( ُﻗ ْﻄ ٌﻦ‪ .‬وﰲ أَﻋﻼﻫﺎ رﺳﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﻷَﺣﻤ ِﺮ ﻣﻜﺘﻮ ٌب ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻵﻳَ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳ َﻤ ُﺔ‪﴿ :‬إِ ﱠن أَ ﱠو َل ﺑَﻴْ ٍﺖ ُو ِﺿ َﻊ ِﻟﻠﻨﱠﺎ ِس َﻟ ﱠﻠ ِﺬي ِﺑﺒَ ﱠﻜ َﺔ ُﻣﺒَﺎ َر ًﻛﺎ َو ُﻫ ًﺪى ﱢﻟ ْﻠ َﻌﺎ َﻟ ِﻤي َن * ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ آﻳَﺎ ٌت‬ ‫إِ َﻟﻴْ ِﻪ‬ ‫ا ْﺳﺘَ َﻄﺎ َع‬ ‫َﻣ ِﻦ‬ ‫ا ْﻟﺒَﻴْ ِﺖ‬ ‫ِﺣ ﱡﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِس‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َولِلهِ‬ ‫ۗ‬ ‫آ ِﻣﻨًﺎ‬ ‫َﻛﺎ َن‬ ‫َد َﺧ َﻠ ُﻪ‬ ‫َو َﻣﻦ‬ ‫ۖ‬ ‫إِﺑْ َﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢ‬ ‫ﺑَﻴﱢﻨَﺎ ٌت ﱠﻣ َﻘﺎ ُم‬ ‫َﺳ ِﺒﻴ ًﻼ﴾‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُﻛ ِﺘ َﺐ اﺳﻢ اﻹﻣﺎ ِم »اﻟﻨﺎ ِﴏ ﻟﺪﻳ ِﻦ ِﷲ« ﰲ َﺳ َﻌ ٍﺔ ِﻣ ْﻘﺪا ُرﻫﺎ ﺛَﻼﺛَ ُﺔ أَ ْذ ُر ٍع‪ ،‬ﻳ ِﻄﻴ ُﻒ ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛ ﱢﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ُﺷ ﱢﻜﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬ ِه اﻟ ﱡﺴﺘُﻮ ِر ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻨْ َﻌ ِﺔ اﻟﻐ ِﺮﻳﺒَ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗَ َﺮى ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أَ ْﺷﻜﺎ َل َﻣﺤﺎ ِرﻳ َﺐ را ِﺋ َﻘ ًﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻛﺘﺎﺑَ ًﺔ ﻣﻘﺮو َء ًة َﻣ ْﺮ ُﺳﻮ َﻣ ًﺔ ِﺑ ِﺬ ْﻛﺮ ِﷲ — ﺗﻌﺎﱃ — وﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺪﻋﺎءِ ِﻟﻠﻨﱠﺎ ِ ِﴏ اﻟ َﻌﺒﱠﺎ ِ ﱢﳼ‪ ،‬اﻵ ِﻣ ِﺮ ﺑﺈﻗﺎ َﻣ ِﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛ ﱡﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻳُﺨﺎ ِﻟ ُﻒ َﻟ ْﻮﻧَﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﺑَﺪا ِﺋ ُﻊ اﻟﻨﱡ ْﻘ ِﺶ‬ ‫و َﻋ َﺪ ُد اﻟ ﱡﺴﺘُﻮ ِر — ﻣ َﻦ اﻟﺠﻮا ِﻧ ِﺐ اﻷَ ْرﺑَﻌ ِﺔ — أَ ْرﺑَ َﻌ ٌﺔ َوﺛَﻼﺛُﻮ َن ِﺳ ْﱰًا‪ .‬وﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ َﺤ ْي ِن اﻟ َﻜ ِﺒيرَﻳْ ِﻦ‬ ‫ِﻣﻨْﻬﺎ ﺛَﻤﺎ ِﻧﻴَ َﺔ ﻋ َ َﴩ‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻔ َﺤ ْي ِن اﻟ ﱠﺼﻐيرﻳْ ِﻦ ﺳﺘﱠ َﺔ ﻋ َ َﴩ‪ .‬وﻟﻪ ﺧﻤﺴ ُﺔ َﻣﻀﺎ ٍو‪ ،‬ﻟﻴَ ْﺪ ُﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪54‬‬

‫اﻟﺤ َﺮ ُم ال َمﻜ ّﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻀ ْﻮءُ‪ .‬وﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ُزﺟﺎ ٌج ِﻋﺮا ِﻗ ﱞﻲ ﺑﺪﻳ ُﻊ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻘ ِﺶ‪ ،‬أَ َﺣ ُﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ َو َﺳ ِﻂ اﻟﺴﻘ ِﻒ‪ .‬و َﻣ َﻊ ﻛ ﱢﻞ ُر ْﻛ ٍﻦ َﻣ ْﻀ ًﻮى‪.‬‬ ‫وﺑين اﻷَ ْﻋ ِﻤ َﺪ ِة أَ ْﻗﻮا ٌس ﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ﱠﻀ ِﺔ ﻋﺪ ُدﻫﺎ ﺛَﻼ َث َﻋ ْ َﴩة‪َ ،‬وإِ ْﺣﺪاﻫﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ ذَ َﻫ ٍﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ﺑﺎب اﻟﺮﺣﻤﺔ‬ ‫َوأَ ﱠو ُل ﻣﺎ ﻳَ ْﻠ َﻘﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺪا ِﺧ ُﻞ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺒﺎب — ﻋﻦ ﻳَﺴﺎره — اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛ ُﻦ اﻟﺬي ﺧﺎر َﺟ ُﻪ اﻟ َﺤ َﺠ ُﺮ اﻷَ ْﺳ َﻮ ُد‪.‬‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻪ ُﺻﻨْ ُﺪوﻗﺎ ِن‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺼﺎ ِﺣ ُﻒ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ َﻋﻼ ُﻫﻤﺎ ﰲ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛ ِﻦ ﺑُ َﻮﻳْﺒﺎ ِن )ﺑﺎﺑﺎ ِن ﺻﻐيرا ِن( ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ِﻓ ﱠﻀ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄَﻧﱠ ُﻬﻤﺎ ﻃﺎﻗﺎ ِن ُﻣ ْﻠ َﺼﻘﺎ ِن ﺑﺰا ِوﻳ ِﺔ اﻟﺮ ْﻛﻦ‪ .‬وﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ وﺑين اﻷَ ْر ِض أَ ْزﻳَ ُﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎ َﻣ ٍﺔ‪ .‬وﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻴﻨ ِﻪ اﻟﺮﻛ ُﻦ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗ ﱡﻲ‪ .‬وﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﺑﺎ ٌب ﻳُ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ ﺑ»ﺑﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﺣ َﻤ ِﺔ«‪ ،‬ﻳُ ْﺼ َﻌ ُﺪ ﻣﻨ ْﻪ إِﱃ َﺳ ْﻄﺢ اﻟﺒﻴ ِﺖ‬ ‫ال ُم َﻜ ﱠﺮ ِم‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (10‬ﻣﻘﺎ ُم »إِﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ«‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎم َﻗﺒْ ٌﻮ ُﻣﺘﱠ ِﺼ ٌﻞ ِﺑﺄَ ْﻋ َﲆ َﺳ ْﻄ ِﺢ اﻟﺒَﻴْ ِﺖ‪ ،‬دا ِﺧ َﻠﻪ اﻷَدرا ُج‪ ،‬وﰲ أَ ﱠوﻟِ ِﻪ اﻟﺒﻴ ُﺖ ال ُمﺤﺘَ ِﻮي َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫ال َمﻘﺎ ِم اﻟﻜﺮﻳ ِﻢ‪ .‬وﰲ َﺳﻌ ِﺔ ﺻ ْﻔ َﺤﻴْ ِﻪ ﻗﺎﻣﺘﺎ ِن‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣﺤﺘ ٍﻮ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱡﺮﻛ ِﻦ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗ ﱢﻲ ِﺑﻨِ ْﺼ َﻔ ْي ِن ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛ ﱢﻞ َﺻ ْﻔ ٍﺢ‪ .‬وأَ ْﻛﺜَ ُﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺒ ِﻮ َﻣ ْﻜ ُﺴ ﱞﻮ ﺑﺜَ ْﻮب ﻣ َﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺮ ال ُم َﻠ ﱠﻮ ِن‪ ،‬ﻛﺄَﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻟُ ﱠﻒ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﺛ ﱠﻢ ُوﺿ َﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا ال َمﻘﺎ ُم اﻟﻜﺮﻳ ُﻢ اﻟﺬي دا ِﺧ َﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟ َﻘﺒْﻮ ﻫﻮ َﻣﻘﺎ ُم »إِﺑﺮاﻫﻴ َﻢ« )ﷺ(‪ .‬وﻫﻮ َﺣ َﺠ ٌﺮ ُﻣ َﻐ ٍّﴙ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ ِﻔ ﱠﻀ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وارﺗﻔﺎ ُﻋﻪ ﻣﻘﺪا ُر ﺛﻼﺛ ِﺔ أَ ْﺷﺒﺎ ٍر‪َ ،‬و َﺳﻌﺘُﻪ ِﻣ ْﻘﺪا ُر ِﺷ ْﱪَﻳْﻦ‪ ،‬وأَ ْﻋﻼ ُه أَ ْوﺳ ُﻊ ﻣﻦ أَ ْﺳﻔ ِﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺄَﻧ ُﻪ — وﻟﻪ اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳ ُﻪ وا ْﻟ َﻤﺜ ُﻞ اﻷَ ْﻋ َﲆ — ﻛﺎﻧﻮ ُن َﻓ ﱠﺨﺎ ٍر ﻛﺒيرٌ‪ ،‬أَ ْو َﺳ ُﻄﻪ ﻳَ ِﻀﻴ ُﻖ َﻋﻦ أَ ْﺳ َﻔ ِﻠ ِﻪ و َﻋ ْﻦ‬ ‫أَ ْﻋﻼ ُه‪ .‬ول ُمﻌﺎﻳﻨَ ِﺔ اﻟﺒﻴْ ِﺖ اﻟﻜﺮﻳ ِﻢ َﻫ ْﻮ ٌل ﻳُﺬْ ِﻫ ُﻞ اﻟﻨﱡﻔﻮ َس‪ ،‬وﻳُ ِﻄﻴ ُﺶ اﻷَ ْﻓ ِﺌ َﺪ َة واﻟ ُﻌﻘﻮ َل‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗُﺒ ِ ُﴫ‬ ‫إِﻻ َﻟﺤﻈﺎ ٍت ﺧﺎ ِﺷﻌ ًﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﻣﺪاﻣ َﻊ ﺑﺎ ِﻛﻴ ًﺔ‪ ،‬وأَ ْﻟ ِﺴﻨَ ًﺔ — إِﱃ ِﷲ — ﺿﺎ ِر َﻋ ًﺔ دا ِﻋﻴَ ًﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻣ ْﻮ ِﺿ ُﻊ ال َمﻘﺎ ِم اﻟﻜﺮﻳ ِﻢ ُﻫ َﻮ اﻟﺬي ﻳُ َﺼ ﱠﲆ ﺧ ْﻠ َﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳُﻘﺎ ِﺑ ُﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑ ْي َن اﻟﺒﺎ ِب اﻟ َﻜﺮﻳ ِﻢ واﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛ ِﻦ اﻟ ِﻌﺮاﻗ ﱢﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫و ُﻫ َﻮ إِﱃ اﻟﺒﺎب أَ ْﻣﻴَ ُﻞ ِﺑ َﻜﺜير‪ .‬وﻋ َﻠﻴْﻪ ُﻗﺒﱠ ُﺔ َﺧ َﺸ ٍﺐ — ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪا ِر اﻟﻘﺎﻣ ِﺔ أَو أَ ْزﻳ ُﺪ — ﻣﺮ ﱠﻛﻨَ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻳﻌ ُﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻘ ِﺶ‪َ .‬ﺳﻌﺘُﻬﺎ — ﻣﻦ ُر ْﻛ ِﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻮاﺣ ِﺪ إِﱃ اﻟﺜﺎ ِﻧﻲ — أَ ْرﺑَ َﻌ ُﺔ أَ ْﺷﺒﺎ ٍر‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﻧُ ِﺼﺒَ ْﺖ َﻋ َﲆ ال َم ْﻮ ِﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ال َمﻘﺎ ُم‪ .‬وﺣﻮ َﻟﻪ ﺗَ ْﻜﻔﻴ ٌﻒ )إِﻃﺎ ٌر( ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﺎر ٍة َﻋ َﲆ َﺣ ْﺮ ٍف ﻛﺎﻟﺤ ْﻮ ِض ال ُم ْﺴﺘَ ِﻄﻴﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﰲ ا ْرﺗﻔﺎ ِﻋ ِﻪ ﻧﺤ ُﻮ ِﺷ ْﱪ‪ ،‬وﻃﻮﻟِﻪ َﺧ ْﻤ ُﺲ ُﺧ ًﻄﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ْﺮ ِﺿﻪ ﺛﻼ ُث ُﺧ ًﻄﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫)‪ (11‬ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺤﺠﺮ اﻷَﺳ َﻮد‬ ‫وﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛ ِﻦ اﻟﺬي ﻓﻴ ِﻪ اﻟﺤﺠ ُﺮ اﻷَ ْﺳ َﻮ ُد إِﱃ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛﻦ اﻟ ِﻌﺮاﻗ ﱢﻲ أَ ْرﺑ َﻌ ٌﺔ و َﺧ ْﻤ ُﺴﻮ َن ِﺷ ًﱪا‪ .‬وﻣ َﻦ اﻟﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫اﻷَﺳ َﻮ ِد إﱃ اﻷَ ْر ِض ِﺳﺘﱠ ُﺔ أَ ْﺷﺒﺎ ِر‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﻳَﺘَﻄﺎ َﻃﻰ َﻟ ُﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟﻘﺼيرُ ﻳﺘَﻄﺎ َو ُل إﻟﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (12‬ﻣ ْﻮ ِﺿ ُﻊ اﻟﻄﻮا ِف‬ ‫أَ ﱠﻣﺎ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْﻟﺨﺎر ِج‪ ،‬ﻓ ِﻤ َﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛ ِﻦ اﻷَ ْﺳ َﻮد إِﱃ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛﻦ اﻟ ِﻌﺮاﻗ ﱢﻲ أَ ْرﺑﻌﻮ َن ُﺧ ْﻄ َﻮ ًة‪ ،‬وﻫ َﻲ ﻣﺌﺔ َوﻋ ْ ُﴩو َن‬ ‫ِﺷ ًﱪا‪ .‬وﻣﻦ ﺛَ ﱠﻢ ﻳﻜﻮ ُن اﻟ ﱠﻄﻮا ُف‪.‬‬ ‫َوﻣ ْﻮ ِﺿ ُﻊ اﻟ ﱠﻄﻮا ِف َﻣ ْﻔ ُﺮو ٌش ﺑﺤﺠﺎ َر ٍة َﻣﺒْ ُﺴﻮ َﻃ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄَﻧﻬﺎ اﻟ ﱡﺮﺧﺎ ُم ُﺣ ْﺴﻨًﺎ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﻮ ٌد و ُﺳ ْﻤ ٌﺮ‬ ‫وﺑﻴ ٌﺾ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ أُ ْﻟ ِﺼ َﻖ ﺑﻌ ُﻀﻬﺎ إِﱃ ﺑﻌ ٍﺾ‪َ .‬وﺳﺎﺋ ُﺮ اﻟﺤ َﺮ ِم — ﻣ َﻊ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎ ِت ﻛ ﱢﻠﻬﺎ — َﻣ ْﻔ ُﺮو ٌش‬ ‫ﺑ َﺮ ْﻣﻞ أَﺑﻴَ َﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫َوﻃﻮا ُف اﻟﻨﱢﺴﺎءِ ﰲ آﺧ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﺤﺠﺎ َر ِة ال َم ْﻔ ُﺮو َﺷ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (13‬ﻧﻔﺎﺋﺲ اﻟﺼﻨﻌ ِﺔ‬ ‫و َد ْو ُر ا ْﻟﺠﺪار ُرﺧﺎ ٌم ﻛ ﱡﻠﻪ ُﻣ َﺠ ﱠﺰ ٌع ﺑﺪﻳ ُﻊ ا ِﻹﻟﺼﺎ ِق‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ ُﻗﻀﺒﺎ ٌن ُﺻﻔ ٌﺮ ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻫﺒ ٌﺔ‪ُ ،‬و ِﺿ َﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ َﺻﻔ ِﺤ ِﻪ أَﺷﻜﺎ ٌل ِﺷ ْﻄ َﺮﻧ ِﺠﻴﱠ ٌﺔ ُﻣﺘﺪاﺧﻠ ٌﺔ ﺑﻌ ُﻀﻬﺎ َﻋ َﲆ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬و َﻫﻴْﺌﺎ ُت ﻣﺤﺎرﻳ َﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓ ِﺈذا َﴐﺑَ ِﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻤ ُﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻻ َح ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻴ ٌﺺ وﻷْﻷ ﻳُﺨﻴﱠﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﻇﺮ إِﻟﻴﻬﺎ أَﻧﻬﺎ ذَﻫ ٌﺐ ﻳَﺮﺗ ِﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻷَﺑﺼﺎ ِر ُﺷﻌﺎ ُﻋﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وداﺧﻞ ا ْﻟ ِﺤ ْﺠ ِﺮ ﺑﻼ ٌط واﺳ ٌﻊ ﻳﻨﻌ ِﻄ ُﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ا ْﻟ ِﺤﺠ ُﺮ ﻛﺄَﻧﻪ ﺛُﻠُﺜﺎ داﺋﺮ ٍة‪ .‬وﻫﻮ َﻣﻔﺮو ٌش‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺮﺧﺎ ِم ال ُمﺠ ﱠﺰ ِع ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻘ ﱠﻄ ِﻊ ﰲ َد ْو ِر اﻟ َﻜ ﱢﻒ إِﱃ َدو ِر اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻨﺎ ِر إِﱃ ﻣﺎ َﻓﻮ َق ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ أُﻟ ِﺼ َﻖ ﺑﺎﻧ ِﺘﻈﺎ ٍم‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻳ ٍﻊ‪ ،‬وﺗﺄْﻟﻴ ٍﻒ ُﻣﻌ ِﺠ ِﺰ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻨﻌ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻏﺮﻳ ِﺐ ا ِﻹﺗﻘﺎ ِن‪ ،‬راﺋ ِﻖ اﻟﱰ ِﺻﻴ ِﻊ واﻟﺘﱠ ْﺠﺰﻳ ِﻊ‪ ،‬راﺋ ِﻊ اﻟﱰﻛﻴ ِﺐ‬ ‫واﻟﺮ ْﺻ ِﻒ‪ ،‬ﻳُﺒْ ِ ُﴫ اﻟﻨﺎ ِﻇ ُﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﱠﻌﺎرﻳ ِﺞ واﻟﺘﱠﻘﺎﻃﻴﻊ واﻟﺨﻮا ِﺗ ِﻢ واﻷَﺷﻜﺎ ِل اﻟ ﱢﺸ ْﻄ َﺮﻧ ِﺠﻴﱠ ِﺔ‬ ‫و ِﺳﻮاﻫﺎ — ﻋﲆ اﺧﺘﻼ ِف أَﻧﻮا ِﻋﻬﺎ و ِﺻﻔﺎ ِﺗﻬﺎ — ﻣﺎ ﻳُﻘﻴﱢ ُﺪ ﺑ َﴫه ُﺣﺴﻨًﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻜﺄَﻧﻪ ﻳُﺠﻴﻠُﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫أَزﻫﺎ ٍر ﻣﻔﺮوﺷ ٍﺔ ُﻣﺨ ِﺘﻠﻔﺎ ِت اﻷَﻟﻮان‪ .‬إِﱃ َﻣﺤﺎرﻳ َﺐ ﻗﺪ اﻧﻌﻄﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟ ﱡﺮﺧﺎ ُم اﻧﻌﻄﺎ َف اﻟ ِﻘ ّﴘ‬ ‫)اﻷَ ْﻗﻮا ِس(‪ ،‬وداﺧ َﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﺬه اﻷَﺷﻜﺎ ُل الم ْﻮﺻﻮﻓ ُﺔ واﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋ ُﻊ المﺬ ُﻛﻮر ُة‪.‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬

‫اﻟﺤ َﺮ ُم ال َمﻜ ّﻰ‬ ‫)‪ (14‬أَﺛﺮ اﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ »اﻟﻨﺎﴏ«‬ ‫وﺑ ِﺈزا ِﺋﻬﺎ ُرﺧﺎﻣﺘﺎ ِن ُﻣﺘﱠ ِﺼﻠﺘﺎ ِن ِﺑﺠﺪا ِر ا ْﻟ ِﺤﺠ ِﺮ‪ ،‬أَﺣﺪ َث اﻟﺼﺎﻧ ُﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﱠ ْﻮرﻳ ِﻖ اﻟ ﱠﺮﻓﻴ ِﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﱠﺸﺠي ِر واﻟﺘﱠﻘﻀﻴ ِﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳُﺤﺪﺛُﻪ اﻟﺤﺎذ ُق اﻟ ﱠﺼﻨَ ُﻊ اﻟﻴ َﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ا ْﻟ َﻮرق َﻗ ْﻄ ًﻌﺎ ﺑﺎ ْﻟ َﺠ َﻠﻤ ْي ِن‬ ‫)وا ْﻟ َﺠ َﻠﻤﺎ ِن‪ :‬آﻟ ٌﺔ ﻛﺎلِم َﻘ ﱢﺺ(‪ .‬ﻓﻤﺮآﻫﻤﺎ ﻋﺠﻴ ٌﺐ‪ .‬أَ َﻣ َﺮ ﺑ َﺼﻨْ َﻌ ِﺘﻬﻤﺎ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱢﺼﻔ ِﺔ إِﻣﺎ ُم الم ِﴩ ِق »أَﺑﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﱠﺎ ِس أَﺣﻤ ُﺪ اﻟﻨﺎ ُﴏ«‪ ،‬وﰲ و َﺳ ِﻂ »ا ْﻟ ِﺤﺠﺮ« )و ُﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺣ ْﻮل اﻟﻜ ْﻌﺒَﺔ( ُرﺧﺎﻣ ٌﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻧ ِﻘ َﺸﺖ‬ ‫أَﺑﺪع ﻧَﻘ ٍﺶ و َﺣ ﱠﻔﺖ ﺑﻬﺎ ُﻃ ﱠﺮ ٌة ﻣﺰ ْﺧ َﺮ َﻓ ٌﺔ ﻋﺠﻴﺒ ٌﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﻮ ٌب ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ِﻣ ّﻤﺎ أَﻣ َﺮ ﺑﻌﻤ ِﻠﻪ ﻋﺒ ُﺪ ِﷲ وﺧﻠﻴ َﻔﺘُﻪ أَﺑﻮ اﻟﻌﺒﺎ ِس أﺣﻤ ُﺪ اﻟﻨﺎ ُﴏ ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ِﷲ أَﻣيرُ‬ ‫ال ُم ْﺆﻣﻨي َن‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺳﻨ ِﺔ ﺳ ﱟﺖ وﺳﺒﻌي َن وﺧﻤ ِﺲ ﻣﺌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (15‬ﻗﱪُ »إﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ«‬ ‫وﰲ َﺻﺤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﺤﺠ ِﺮ ِﺑ َﻤ ْﻘ َﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ِﺟﺪا ِر اﻟﺒﻴ ِﺖ اﻟﻜﺮﻳ ِﻢ ﻗﱪُ »إِﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴ َﻞ«‪ ،‬وﻋﻼﻣﺘُﻪ ُرﺧﺎﻣ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﴬا ُء ُﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠ ٌﺔ ﻗﻠﻴ ًﻼ ﺷﻜ َﻞ ِﻣﺤﺮاب‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﱠ ِﺼ ُﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ ُرﺧﺎﻣ ٌﺔ ﺧﴬاءُ ُﻣﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮ ٌة‪ .‬وﻛﻠﺘﺎﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻳﺒ ُﺔ ال َمﻨْ َﻈ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻧُ َﻜ ٌﺖ ﺗَﻨﻔﺘ ُﺢ ﻋﻦ َﻟﻮ ِﻧﻬﺎ إِﱃ اﻟ ﱡﺼﻔ َﺮ ِة ﻗﻠﻴ ًﻼ ﻛﺄَﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺠﺰﻳ ٌﻊ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ أَﺷﺒ ُﻪ‬ ‫اﻷَﺷﻴﺎءِ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﱡ َﻜ ِﺖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗَﺒ َﻘﻰ ﰲ ا ْﻟﺒُﻮﺗَ َﻘ ِﺔ ﻣﻦ َﺣ ﱢﻞ اﻟﺬﻫ ِﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وإِﱃ ﺟﺎﻧ ِﺒﻪ — ِﻣ ّﻤﺎ ﻳﲇ اﻟﺮﻛﻦ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ — ﻗﱪُ أُ ﱢﻣﻪ‪» :‬ﻫﺎ َﺟ َﺮ« رﴈ ﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻋﻼﻣﺘُﻪ‬ ‫ُرﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺧﴬاءُ‪َ ،‬ﺳﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺷﱪ وﻧﺼ ِﻒ ﺷﱪ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ا ْﺣﺘَ َﻮى اﻟ َﻘ ْﱪا ِن ﺟﺴ َﺪﻳﻦ ُﻣ َﻜ ﱠﺮ َﻣ ْي ِن‬ ‫ﻧ ﱠﻮ َر ُﻫﻤﺎ ﷲُ‪ .‬وﺑَ ْي َن اﻟ َﻘﱪﻳْﻦ َﺳﺒْ َﻌ ُﺔ أَ ْﺷﺒﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (16‬ﺑﱤ »زﻣﺰم«‬ ‫و ُﻗﺒﱠ ُﺔ ِﺑ ْ ِﱤ » َز ْﻣ َﺰ َم« ﺗُﻘﺎﺑ ُﻞ اﻟﺮ ْﻛ َﻦ اﻷَ ْﺳ َﻮ َد‪َ .‬وﺗَﻨﱡﻮ ُر اﻟ ِﺒ ْ ِﱤ ال ُمﺒﺎ َرﻛ ِﺔ ) َﻓ ُﻤﻬﺎ( ﰲ وﺳﻂ اﻟﻘﺒﺔ‪ .‬و ُﻋﻤ ُﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫إِ ْﺣﺪى ﻋ ْ َﴩ َة ﻗﺎﻣ ًﺔ ﺣ ْﺴﺒَﻤﺎ َذ َر ْﻋﻨﺎ ُه‪ .‬و ُﻋ ْﻤ ُﻖ المﺎءِ َﺳﺒْ ُﻊ ﻗﺎﻣﺎ ٍت ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ ﻳُﺬ َﻛﺮ‪ .‬وﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ُﻘﺒﱠ ِﺔ ﻧﺎﻇ ٌﺮ‬ ‫إِﱃ اﻟ ﱠ ْﴩ ِق‪ .‬وﺗَ ِﲇ ﻗﺒﱠ َﺔ ﺑ ِﱤ » َز ْﻣ َﺰ َم« ﻣﻦ ورا ِﺋﻬﺎ ُﻗﺒﱠ ُﺔ اﻟ ﱠﴩا ِب‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ال َمﻨﺴﻮﺑ ُﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎس رﴈ ﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪ .‬واﻟﻘﺒ ُﺔ اﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴ ُﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ِﺳﻘﺎﻳ َﺔ اﻟﺤﺎ ﱢج‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵ َن ﻳُﱪﱠد ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎءُ » َز ْﻣ َﺰ َم« وﻳُﺨ َﺮ ُج‬ ‫— ﻣﻊ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ — ِﻟ َﺴ ْﻘ ِﻲ اﻟﺤﺎ ﱢج ﰲ ِﻗﻼل ﻳُﺴﻤﻮﻧَﻬﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺪوا ِر َق‪ ،‬ﻛ ﱡﻞ َد ْورق ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ذُو ِﻣ ْﻘﺒَ ٍﺾ‬ ‫واﺣ ِﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫وﺗﻨﱡﻮ ُر ﺑ ِﱤ » َز ْﻣ َﺰ َم« ﻣﻦ ُرﺧﺎ ٍم ﻗﺪ أُﻟﺼ َﻖ ﺑﻌ ُﻀ ُﻪ ﺑﺒ ْﻌﺾ إِﻟﺼﺎ ًﻗﺎ ﻻ ﺗُ ِﺤﻴﻠُﻪ اﻷَﻳﱠﺎ ُم‪ ،‬وأُ ْﻓ ِﺮ َغ‬ ‫ﰲ أَﺛْﻨﺎ ِﺋ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺮﺻﺎ ُص‪ .‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ دا ِﺧ َﻞ اﻟﺘﱠﻨﱡﻮ ِر‪ .‬و َﺣ ﱠﻔﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ أَﻋ ِﻤ َﺪ ِة اﻟ ﱠﺮﺻﺎ ِص ال ُمﻠ َﺼﻘ ِﺔ ﺑ ِﻪ —‬ ‫إِﺑﻼ ًﻏﺎ ﰲ ُﻗ ﱠﻮ ِة َﻟ ﱢﺰه و َر ﱢﺻ ِﻪ — اﺛْﻨﺎ ِن وﺛﻼﺛُﻮ َن ﻋﻤﻮ ًدا َﻗ ْﺪ َﺧ َﺮﺟ ْﺖ ﻟﻬﺎ ُر ُءو ٌس ﻗﺎﺑ َﻀ ًﺔ َﻋ َﲆ ﺣﺎ َﻓ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ ِﺒ ْ ِﱤ‪ ،‬دا ِﺋ َﺮ ٌة ﺑﺎﻟﺘﱠﻨﱡﻮ ِر ﻛ ﱢﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻗ ِﺪ اﺳﺘﺪا َر ْت ﺑﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟ ُﻘﺒﱠ ِﺔ ِﺳﻘﺎﻳَ ٌﺔ َﺳ َﻌﺘُﻬﺎ ِﺷ ْﱪٌ‪ ،‬و ُﻋ ْﻤ ُﻘﻬﺎ ﻧَﺤ ُﻮ ِﺷ ْﱪَﻳْ ِﻦ‪ ،‬وا ْرﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ َﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻷَ ْر ِض َﺧ ْﻤﺴ ُﺔ أَ ْﺷﺒﺎر‪ ،‬ﺗُ ْﻤﻸُ ﻣﺎءً ﻟﻠ ُﻮﺿﻮ ِء‪ .‬وﺣﻮ َﻟﻬﺎ ِﻣ ْﺼ َﻄﺒَ ٌﺔ داﺋﺮ ٌة‪ ،‬ﻳﺮﺗﻔ ُﻊ اﻟﻨﺎس إِ َﻟﻴْﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻮ ﱠﺿﺌُﻮن ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (17‬اﺳﺘﻼم اﻟ َﺤ َﺠﺮ اﻷَ ْﺳﻮد‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺠ ُﺮ اﻷَ ْﺳﻮ ُد ال ُمﺒﺎر ُك ُﻣﻠ َﺼﻖ ﰲ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛ ِﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِﻇﺮ إِﱃ ﺟ َﻬ ِﺔ ال َم ْ ِﴩ ِق‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳُ ْﺪ َرى َﻗﺪ ُر ﻣﺎ د َﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ اﻟﺮﻛﻦ‪ .‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬إِﻧﻪ داﺧ ٌﻞ ﰲ اﻟ ِﺠﺪا ِر ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ِذرا َﻋين‪َ .‬و َﺳ َﻌﺘُﻪ ﺛُﻠُﺜﺎ ِﺷ ْﱪ‪ ،‬وﻃﻮﻟُﻪ ﺷﱪٌ و ُﻋ َﻘ ٌﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻓﻴ ِﻪ أَرﺑ ُﻊ ِﻗ َﻄ ٍﻊ ُﻣﻠ َﺼﻘ ٌﺔ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ُﺷ ﱠﺪت ﺟﻮا ِﻧﺒُ ُﻪ ِﺑ َﺼﻔﻴﺤ ِﺔ ِﻓ ﱠﻀ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳَﻠُﻮ ُح ﺑَ ِﺼﻴ ُﺺ ﺑَﻴﺎ ِﺿﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺑَ ِﺼﻴ ِﺺ َﺳﻮا ِد اﻟ َﺤ َﺠﺮ َو َر ْوﻧَ ِﻘ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ِﻘﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﻴُﺒْ ِ ُﴫ اﻟ ﱠﺮاﺋﻲ — ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ — ﻣﻨْ َﻈ ًﺮا َﻋﺠﻴﺒُﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ‬ ‫َﻗﻴْ ُﺪ اﻷَﺑﺼﺎ ِر‪.‬‬ ‫َوﻟﻠ َﺤﺠ ِﺮ ﻋﻨ َﺪ ﺗَ ْﻘ ِﺒﻴﻠِ ِﻪ ﻟُ ُﺪوﻧَ ٌﺔ ﻳﺘﻨ ﱠﻌ ُﻢ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟ َﻔ ُﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳَﻮ ﱠد ا ﱠﻟﻼ ِﺛ ُﻢ أَﻻﱠ ﻳُﻘ ِﻠ َﻊ َﻓ ُﻤ ُﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﺧﻮا ﱢص اﻟ ِﻌﻨﺎﻳَ ِﺔ ا ِﻹﻟ ِﻬﻴﱠ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧَﻔﻌﻨﺎ ﷲُ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻼ ِﻣﻪ و ُﻣﺼﺎ َﻓ َﺤ ِﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وأَ ْو َﻓ َﺪ ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ ﻛ ﱠﻞ َﺷﻴﱢﻖ إِﻟﻴْ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (18‬ﺳ َﻌ ُﺔ اﻟ َﺤ َﺮم‬ ‫وال َمﺴﺠ ُﺪ اﻟﺤﺮا ُم ﻳُﻄﻴ ُﻒ ﺑ ِﻪ ﺛَﻼ ُث ﺑﻼ َﻃﺎ ٍت ﻋﲆ ﺛﻼث َﺳﻮار ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺮﺧﺎ ِم ُﻣﻨْﺘَ ِﻈ َﻤ ٍﺔ ﻛﺄَﻧﱠﻬﺎ ﺑﻼ ٌط‬ ‫وا ِﺣ ٌﺪ‪َ .‬ذ ْر ُﻋﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻄﻮ ِل أَ ْرﺑَ ُﻊ ﻣﺌﺔ ِذرا ٍع‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺮ ِض ﺛَﻼث ﻣﺌﺔ ذرا ٍع‪ .‬وﻣﺎ ﺑين اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎ ِت‬ ‫َﻓﻀﺎءٌ ﻛﺒيرٌ‪ .‬وﻛﺎ َن ﻋﲆ ﻋﻬ ِﺪ رﺳﻮ ِل ِﷲ ﷺ ﺻﻐيرًا‪ .‬و ُﻗﺒﱠ ُﺔ » َز ْﻣ َﺰ َم« ﺧﺎ ِرﺟ ٌﺔ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪58‬‬

‫اﻟﺤ َﺮ ُم ال َمﻜ ّﻰ‬ ‫)‪ (19‬ﻛﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫وﰲ ُﻣﻘﺎﺑ َﻠ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِﻣ ﱢﻲ َرأْ ُس ﺳﺎ َرﻳَ ٍﺔ ﺛﺎ ِﺑﺘَ ٍﺔ ﰲ اﻷَ ْر ِض‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺎن َﺣ ﱡﺪ اﻟﺤﺮ ِم أَ ﱠو ًﻻ‪ .‬وﺑي َن‬ ‫رأْ ِس اﻟﺴﺎرﻳ ِﺔ وﺑين اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛ ِﻦ اﻟﺸﺎﻣ ﱢﻲ اﺛﻨﺘﺎ ِن وﻋ ْ ُﴩو َن ُﺧﻄﻮ ًة‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻜﻌﺒَ ُﺔ ﰲ َو َﺳﻂ اﻟﺤﺮم َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻮاءٍ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧ ِﺐ اﻷَ ْرﺑﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺑي َن اﻟ ﱠ ْﴩق واﻟﺠﻨﻮب واﻟ ﱠﺸﻤﺎل واﻟ َﻐ ْﺮ ِب‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (20‬أَﻋ ِﻤﺪة اﻟﺤﺮم‬ ‫وﻋﺪ ُد ﺳﻮا ِرﻳ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱡﺮﺧﺎ ِﻣﻴﱠ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ َﻋﺪ ْدﺗُﻬﺎ ﺑﻨَ ْﻔ ِﴘ أَ ْرﺑَ ُﻊ ﻣﺌﺔ ﺳﺎ ِرﻳَ ٍﺔ َوإِ ْﺣﺪى َو َﺳﺒﻌﻮ َن ﺳﺎرﻳ ًﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎ َﳽ ال َمﺼﻨﻮﻋ َﺔ ﻣﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﺠ ﱢﺺ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ دا ِر اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺪ َو ِة — َوﻛﺎﻧَ ْﺖ َﻗ ْﺪ ِزﻳﺪ ْت ﰲ اﻟ َﺤ َﺮم —‬ ‫وﻫﻲ داﺧﻠ ٌﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺒﻼ ِط اﻵﺧ ِﺬ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺮ ِب إِﱃ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (21‬ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺎ ِﺑﻠُﻬﺎ ال َمﻘﺎ ُم ﻣﻊ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛ ِﻦ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗ ﱢﻲ‪ .‬و َﻓﻀﺎ ُؤﻫﺎ ُﻣﺘﱠ ِﺴ ٌﻊ ﻳُ ْﺪ َﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻼ ِط إِﻟﻴ ِﻪ‪ .‬وﻳﺘﺼ ُﻞ ﺑﺠﺪا ِر‬ ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﻼ ِط ﻛ ﱢﻠ ِﻪ َﻣﺼﺎ ِﻃ ُﺐ ﺗَ ْﺤ َﺖ ِﻗ ِ ﱢﴘ َﺣﻨﺎﻳﺎ ) َوﻫ َﻲ‪ :‬أَﺑْ ِﻨﻴَ ٌﺔ ُﻣﻨْ َﺤ ِﻨﻴَ ٌﺔ ﻛﺎﻷَﻗﻮا ِس(‪.‬‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺠ ِﻠ ُﺲ اﻟﻨﱠ ﱠﺴﺎﺧﻮ َن وال ُم ْﻘ ِﺮﺋﻮ َن وﺑﻌ ُﺾ أَﻫ ِﻞ َﺻﻨﻌ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ ِﺨﻴﺎ َﻃ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺤ َﺮ ُم ُﻣ ْﺤ َﺪ ٌق ِﺑ َﺤ َﻠﻘﺎ ِت ال ُم َﺪ ﱢر ِﺳي َن وأَﻫ ِﻞ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (22‬أَﺛﺮ اﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ »أَﺑﻲ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ«‬ ‫و ِﻟ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﻬ ِﺪ ﱢي »ﻣﺤﻤ ِﺪ ﺑﻦ أَﺑﻲ ﺟﻌﻔ ِﺮ ال َمﻨﺼﻮ ِر« اﻟﻌﺒﱠﺎ ِ ﱢﳼ ﰲ ﺗﻮﺳ َﻌ ِﺔ ال َمﺴﺠ ِﺪ اﻟﺤﺮا ِم‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﺄَﻧﱡ ِﻖ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎ ِﺋﻪ‪ ،‬آﺛﺎ ٌر ﻛﺮﻳﻤ ٌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ووﺟ ْﺪ ُت ﰲ اﻟﺠﻬ ِﺔ — اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺮ ِب إِﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻤﺎ ِل — ﻣ ْﻜﺘﻮﺑًﺎ ﰲ أَ ْﻋ َﲆ ﺟﺪار اﻟﺒﻼ ِط‪:‬‬ ‫»أَ َﻣ َﺮ ﻋﺒ ُﺪ ِﷲ ﻣﺤﻤ ٌﺪ ال َمﻬ ِﺪ ﱡي أَﻣيرُ المﺆﻣﻨي َن — أَ ْﺻ َﻠ َﺤ ُﻪ ﷲُ — ﺑﺘَ ْﻮ ِﺳ َﻌ ِﺔ ال َمﺴﺠ ِﺪ اﻟﺤﺮا ِم‪ ،‬ﻟﺤﺎ ﱢج‬ ‫ﺑﻴ ِﺖ ِﷲ و ُﻋ ﱠﻤﺎ ِره‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺳﻨ ِﺔ َﺳﺒ ٍﻊ و ِﺳﺘﱢي َن وﻣﺌﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫‪59‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫)‪ (23‬ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻮش‬ ‫وﰲ ﺑﺎ ِب اﻟ َﻜﻌﺒ ِﺔ ال ُم َﻘ ﱠﺪ َﺳ ِﺔ ﻧَ ْﻘ ٌﺶ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺬﻫ ِﺐ‪ ،‬راﺋ ُﻖ اﻟﺨ ﱢﻂ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻳ ُﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﺤ ُﺮو ِف‪ ،‬ﻏ ِﻠﻴ ُﻈﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻳَ ْﻜﺘَ ِﻨ ُﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﺑ ْي ِن اﻟ َﻜﺮﻳ َﻤ ْي ِن ِﻋﻀﺎ َد ٌة َﻏﻠﻴ َﻈ ٌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔ ﱠﻀ ِﺔ ال ُمﺬَ ﱠﻫﺒَ ِﺔ اﻟﺒَ ِﺪﻳﻌ ِﺔ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻘ ِﺶ‪ ،‬ﺗَ ْﺼ َﻌﺪ إِﱃ اﻟ َﻌﺘَﺒ ِﺔ‬ ‫ال ُمﺒﺎ َرﻛ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وﺗُ ْ ِﴩ ُف ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗَ ْﺴﺘﺪﻳ ُﺮ ﺑﺠﺎ ِﻧﺒَﻲ اﻟﺒﺎﺑ ْي ِن‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳَﻌ ِﱰ ُض أَﻳ ًﻀﺎ ﺑين اﻟﺒﺎﺑ ْي ِن — ﻋﻨﺪ إِﻏﻼﻗﻬﻤﺎ — ِﺷﺒْ ُﻪ اﻟ ِﻌﻀﺎ َد ِة اﻟ َﻜﺒير ِة ﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻔﻀ ِﺔ‬ ‫ال ُمﺬَ ﱠﻫﺒَ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﺑ ُﻄﻮ ِل اﻟﺒﺎﺑ ْي ِن‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺼﻠ ٌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮاﺣ ِﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻋﻦ ﻳﺴﺎ ِر اﻟﺪاﺧ ِﻞ إِﱃ اﻟﺒﻴْ ِﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (24‬ﻛﺴﻮة اﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫و ُﻛ ْﺴ َﻮ ُة اﻟﻜﻌﺒ ِﺔ ال ُم َﻘ ﱠﺪ َﺳ ِﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻳ ِﺮ اﻷَﺧ ِﴬ — َﺣ ْﺴﺒَﻤﺎ ذ َﻛ ْﺮﻧﺎ ُه — وﻫﻲ أَرﺑ ٌﻊ وﺛﻼﺛﻮن‬ ‫ُﺷ ﱠﻘ ًﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ اﻟﺼﻔﺢ ﺑين اﻟ ﱡﺮﻛﻦ اﻟﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ واﻟﺸﺎﻣ ﱢﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺴ ٌﻊ‪ .‬وﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺢ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑين‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻛﻦ اﻷَﺳﻮد واﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ ﺗﺴ ٌﻊ أَﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪ .‬وﰲ اﻟﺼﻔﺢ ﺑين اﻟﻌﺮا ِﻗ ﱢﻲ واﻟﺸﺎ ِﻣ ﱢﻲ ﺛﻤﺎ ٍن‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟﺼﻔﺢ‬ ‫ﺑين اﻟﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ واﻷَﺳﻮد ﺛﻤﺎ ٍن أَﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ُو ِﺻ َﻠﺖ ﻛ ﱡﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎءَ ْت ﻛﺄَﻧﱠﻬﺎ ِﺳ ْﱰٌ واﺣ ٌﺪ ﻳَ ُﻌ ﱡﻢ ا ْﻟ َﺠﻮاﻧ َﺐ‬ ‫اﻷَ ْرﺑﻌ َﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ أَﺣﺎ َط ﺑﻬﺎ — ﻣﻦ أَ ْﺳ َﻔ ِﻠﻬﺎ — ﺗﻜﻔﻴﻒ )إِﻃﺎ ٌر( َﻣﺒﻨِ ﱡﻲ ﺑﺎﻟ ِﺠ ﱢﺺ‪ .‬ﰲ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻪ أَزﻳ ُﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ِﺷ ْ ٍﱪ‪ .‬وﰲ َﺳﻌﺘ ِﻪ ِﺷﱪا ِن‪ ،‬أَو أَزﻳ ُﺪ ﻗﻠﻴ ًﻼ‪ .‬ﰲ دا ِﺧﻠ ِﻪ َﺧﺸ ٌﺐ ﻏيرُ ﻇﺎﻫ ٍﺮ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ُﺳ ﱢﻤﺮ ْت ﻓﻴ ِﻪ أَوﺗﺎ ُد‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ُرءُو ِﺳﻬﺎ َﺣ َﻠﻘﺎ ُت ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ٌة‪َ ،‬ﻗ ْﺪ أُ ْد ِﺧ َﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َﻣ َﺮ ٌس ) َﺣﺒْ ٌﻞ( ﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻘﻨﱠ ِﺐ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻴ ٌﻆ‬ ‫‪60‬‬

‫اﻟﺤ َﺮ ُم ال َمﻜ ّﻰ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻔﺘُﻮ ٌل‪ .‬وا ْﺳﺘَﺪا َر ﺑﺎ ْﻟ َﺠﻮا ِﻧ ِﺐ اﻷَ ْرﺑَﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ أَ ْن ُوﺿﻊ ﰲ أَذْﻳﺎ ِل اﻟ ﱡﺴﺘﻮ ِر َﻣﻌﺎ ِﻗ ُﺪ‪ ،‬وأُ ْد ِﺧ َﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﺒْ ُﻞ‪ ،‬و ُﺧﻴﱢ َﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ِﺑ ُﺨﻴُﻮ ٍط ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻘ ْﻄ ِﻦ ال َم ْﻔﺘُﻮﻟ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻮﺛﻴ َﻘ ِﺔ‪ .‬و ُﻣ ْﺠﺘَ َﻤ ُﻊ اﻟ ﱡﺴﺘُﻮر ﰲ اﻷَ ْرﻛﺎ ِن‬ ‫اﻷَ ْرﺑﻌ ِﺔ ﻣ ِﺨﻴ ٌﻂ إِﱃ أَ ْزﻳَ َﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛُ ﱠﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ إِﱃ أَ ْﻋﻼﻫﺎ ﺗﺘﱠ ِﺼ ُﻞ ِﺑ ُﻌ ًﺮا ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗُ ْﺪ َﺧﻞ ﺑَﻌ ُﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺑ ْﻌ ٍﺾ‪ .‬واﺳﺘَﺪار أَﻳْ ًﻀﺎ ﺑﺄَ ْﻋﻼﻫﺎ — َﻋ َﲆ َﺟﻮا ِﻧﺐ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ — ﺗﻜﻔﻴ ٌﻒ ﺛﺎ ٍن‪ُ ،‬و ِﺿ َﻌ ْﺖ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫أَﻋﺎ ِﱃ اﻟ ﱡﺴﺘُﻮر ﰲ َﺣ َﻠﻘﺎ ِت ﺣﺪﻳ ٍﺪ ﻋﲆ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺼﻔ ِﺔ المﺬﻛﻮرة‪ .‬ﻓﺠﺎ َء ِت اﻟ ُﻜ ْﺴ َﻮ ُة ال ُمﺒﺎ َر َﻛ ُﺔ َﻣ ِﺨﻴ َﻄ َﺔ‬ ‫اﻷَ ْﻋ َﲆ واﻷَ ْﺳ َﻔ ِﻞ‪ ،‬وﺛﻴﻘ َﺔ اﻷَ ْزرا ِر‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗُ ْﺨ َﻠ ُﻊ إِﻻﱠ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻋﺎ ٍم إِ َﱃ ﻋﺎ ٍم ﻋﻨ َﺪ ﺗَﺠﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓ ُﺴﺒﺤﺎ َن َﻣ ْﻦ َﺧ ﱠﻠﺪ َﻟﻬﺎ اﻟ ﱠ َﴩ َف إِﱃ ﻳَ ْﻮم ا ْﻟ ِﻘﻴﺎﻣ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (25‬ﺳ َﺪﻧﺔ اﻟﺒَﻴْ ِﺖ‬ ‫وﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ َﻜﻌﺒ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻜﺮﻳ ُﻢ ﻳُﻔﺘَ ُﺢ ﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻳﻮم اﺛﻨَي ِن وﻳﻮ ِم ُﺟ ُﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬إِﻻ ﰲ رﺟ ٍﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓ ِﺈﻧﻪ ﻳُﻔﺘَ ُﺢ ﰲ ﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻳﻮ ٍم‪،‬‬ ‫و َﻓﺘ ُﺤ ُﻪ أَ ﱠو َل ﺑُ ُﺰو ٍغ اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ِﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳُ ْﻘ ِﺒ ُﻞ َﺳ َﺪﻧَ ُﺔ اﻟﺒﻴْﺖ ) ُﺧ ﱠﺪاﻣ ِﻪ( اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴ ِﺒﻴﱡﻮ َن‪ ،‬ﻓﻴُﺒﺎ ِد َر ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳَﻨ ُﻘ ُﻞ ُﻛﺮ ِﺳﻴٍّﺎ ﻛﺒي ًرا ِﺷﺒْ َﻪ الِمﻨْ َ ِﱪ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺳ ِﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﺗﺴﻌ ُﺔ أَدراج ُﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠ ٌﺔ ﻗﺪ ُوﺿ َﻌﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻗﻮاﺋ ُﻢ ﻣﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺨ َﺸ ِﺐ ُﻣﺘَﻄﺄْ ِﻣﻨ ٌﺔ ) ُﻣﻨْ َﺨ ِﻔ َﻀ ٌﺔ(‬ ‫ﻣﻊ اﻷَر ِض‪ ،‬ﻟﻬﺎ أَرﺑَ ُﻊ ﺑَ َﻜﺮا ٍت ِﻛﺒﺎ ٌر‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺼ ﱠﻔﺤ ٌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪﻳ ِﺪ ِﻟ ُﻤﺒﺎ َ َﴍ ِﺗﻬﺎ اﻷَر َض‪ .‬ﻳَﺠ ِﺮي اﻟ ُﻜﺮ ِ ﱡﳼ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳَﺼ َﻞ إِﱃ اﻟﺒﻴْ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻜﺮﻳ ِﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴ َﻘ َﻊ َد َر ُﺟﻪ اﻷَﻋﲆ ُﻣﺘﱠ ِﺼ ًﻼ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺘَﺒ ِﺔ ال ُمﺒﺎ َرﻛ ِﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴَﺼ َﻌ ُﺪ َزﻋﻴ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ ِﺒﻴﱢي َن إِﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻛﻬ ٌﻞ ﺟﻤﻴ ُﻞ اﻟﻬﻴْﺌ ِﺔ واﻟﺸﺎ َر ِة‪ ،‬وﺑﻴَ ِﺪه ِﻣﻔﺘﺎ ُح اﻟ ُﻘ ْﻔ ِﻞ ال ُمﺒﺎ َر ِك‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﺪﻧَﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻳُ ْﻤ ِﺴ ُﻚ ﰲ ﻳ ِﺪه ِﺳﱰًا أَﺳ َﻮ َد ﻳَ ُﻤ ﱡﺪ ﻳ َﺪﻳ ِﻪ ﺑﻪ أَﻣﺎ َم اﻟﺒﺎب‪ِ ،‬ﺧﻼ َل ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳَﻔﺘَ ُﺤ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺰﻋﻴ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ ِﺒ ﱡﻲ‪ .‬ﻓ ِﺈذا َﻓﺘَ َﺢ اﻟ ُﻘﻔ َﻞ َد َﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﻴْ َﺖ َوﺣ َﺪه و َﺳ ﱠﺪ اﻟﺒﺎ َب َﺧﻠ َﻔﻪ وأَﻗﺎ َم َﻗ ْﺪ َر ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳَﺮ َﻛ ُﻊ َر ْﻛﻌﺘَي ِن‪ .‬ﺛﻢ ﻳَﺪ ُﺧ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴ ِﺒﻴﱡﻮ َن‪ ،‬وﻳَ ُﺴ ﱡﺪو َن اﻟﺒﺎ َب أَﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻳُﻔﺘَ ُﺢ اﻟﺒﺎ ُب وﻳُﺒﺎ ِد ُر اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ُس‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺪﺧﻮ ِل‪.‬‬ ‫وﰲ أَﺛﻨﺎ ِء ُﻣﺤﺎ َوﻟ ِﺔ َﻓﺘ ِﺢ اﻟﺒﺎ ِب اﻟ َﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﻳَ ُﻘﻒ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ُس ُﻣﺴﺘَﻘ ِﺒﻠين إِﻳﺎ ُه ﺑﺄَﺑﺼﺎ ِر ﺧﺎ ِﺷﻌ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وأَﻳ ٍﺪ‬ ‫َﻣﺒﺴﻮ َﻃ ٍﺔ إِﱃ ِﷲ َﺿﺎرﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﻓ ِﺈذا اﻧ َﻔﺘ َﺢ اﻟﺒﺎ ُب َﻛ ﱠ َﱪ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ُس و َﻋﻼ َﺿ ِﺠﻴ ُﺠ ُﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﻧﺎ َد ْوا ﺑﺄَﻟ ِﺴﻨ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣﺴﺘَ ِﻬ ﱠﻠﺔ ﺻﺎ ِﺋﺤﺔ‪» :‬اﻟﻠ ُﻬ ﱠﻢ اﻓﺘَ ْﺢ ﻟﻨَﺎ أَﺑﻮا َب َرﺣﻤ ِﺘ َﻚ و َﻣﻐﻔﺮﺗِ َﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ أَ ْرﺣ َﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِﺣﻤي َن«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ دﺧﻠﻮا ِﺑ َﺴﻼ ٍم آ ِﻣﻨي َن‪.‬‬ ‫‪61‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫)‪ُ (26‬ﻣ َﺼ ﱠﲆ اﻟﻨﱠﺒ ﱠﻲ‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔﺢ )اﻟﺠﺎ ِﻧﺐ( ال ُمﻘﺎ ِﺑ ِﻞ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺪا ِﺧ ِﻞ ﰲ ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﺮ ِم — اﻟﺬي ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛﻦ اﻟﻴﻤﺎﻧ ﱢﻲ إِﱃ اﻟﺮ ْﻛ ِﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻣ ﱢﻲ — َﺧ ْﻤ ُﺲ ُرﺧﺎﻣﺎ ٍت ُﻣﻨﺘَ ِﺼﺒﺎ ٍت ُﻃﻮ ًﻻ ﻛﺄَﻧﻬﺎ أَﺑﻮا ٌب‪ ،‬ﺗَﻨﺘَﻬﻲ إِﱃ ِﻣﻘﺪا ِر ﺧﻤﺴ ِﺔ أَﺷﺒﺎ ٍر‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻷَر َض‪ ،‬وﻛ ﱡﻞ واﺣﺪ ٍة ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺤ ُﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﻣ ِﺔ‪ .‬اﻟﺜﻼ ُث ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ُﺣ ْﻤ ٌﺮ وا ِﻻﺛﻨﺘﺎ ِن َﺧﴬاوا ِن‪ .‬ﰲ ﻛ ﱢﻞ‬ ‫وا ِﺣﺪ ٍة ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺠﺰﻳ ُﻊ ﺑﻴﺎ ٍض َﻟ ْﻢ ﻳُ َﺮ أَﺣﺴ ُﻦ َﻣﻨ َﻈ ًﺮا ﻣﻨ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄَﻧ ُﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗَﻨﻘﻴ ٌﻂ‪َ .‬ﻓﺘﺘﱠ ِﺼ ُﻞ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاءُ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮ ْﻛ ِﻦ اﻟﻴﻤﺎ ِﻧ ﱢﻲ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺗَ ِﻠﻴﻬﺎ ا ْﻟ َﺨﴬا ُء ﺑﺨﻤﺴ ِﺔ أَﺷﺒﺎ ٍر‪ ،‬وال َم ْﻮﺿ ُﻊ اﻟﺬي ﻳُﻘﺎ ِﺑﻠُﻬﺎ ُﻣﺘَ َﻘ ْﻬ ِﻘ ًﺮا ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ِﺑﺜﻼﺛ ِﺔ أَذ ُر ٍع ﻫﻮ ﻣ َﺼ ﱠﲆ اﻟﻨﺒ ﱢﻲ ﷺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴَ ْﺰ َد ِﺣ ُﻢ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ُس َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻼ ِة ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﺗَ َ ﱡﱪ ًﻛﺎ ﺑ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (27‬ﺑﺪاﺋﻊ اﻟ ﱡﺮﺧﺎم‬ ‫َوﻳَﺘﱠ ِﺼ ُﻞ ﺑين اﻟ ﱡﺮﺧﺎﻣﺎ ِت ال ُم َﻠ ﱠﻮﻧَ ِﺔ ُرﺧﺎ ٌم أَﺑْﻴَ ُﺾ ﺻﺎ ِﰲ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻮ ِن ﻧﺎ ِﺻ ُﻊ اﻟﺒَﻴﺎ ِض‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ أَﺣﺪ َث ﷲ ﻋ ﱠﺰ‬ ‫وﺟ ﱠﻞ ﰲ أَ ْﺻ ِﻞ ِﺧ ْﻠ َﻘ ِﺘ ِﻪ أَ ْﺷﻜﺎ ًﻻ َﻏﺮﻳﺒ ًﺔ ﻣﺎ ِﺋﻠ ًﺔ إِﱃ اﻟ ﱡﺰ ْر َﻗ ِﺔ ُﻣ َﺸ ﱠﺠ َﺮ ًة ُﻣ َﻐ ﱠﺼﻨَ ًﺔ‪ .‬وﰲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗَ ِﻠﻴﻬﺎ ِﻣﺜ ُﻞ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ ِﺑ َﻌﻴْﻨِ ِﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻷَ ْﺷﻜﺎ ِل ﻛﺄَﻧﱠﻬﺎ َﻣ ْﻘ ُﺴﻮ َﻣ ٌﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻮ اﻧْ َﻄﺒَ َﻘﺘﺎ ﻟﻌﺎ َد ﻛ ﱡﻞ َﺷﻜ ٍﻞ ﻳُﺼﺎ ِﻓ ُﺢ َﺷﻜ َﻠ ُﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻜ ﱡﻞ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ٍة ِﺷ ﱠﻘ ُﺔ اﻷَ ْﺧ َﺮى — ﻻ َﻣﺤﺎﻟ َﺔ — ِﻋﻨْ َﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻧُ ِ َﴩ ِت اﻧْ َﺸ ﱠﻘ ْﺖ َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷَﺷﻜﺎ ِل‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻮ ِﺿ َﻌ ْﺖ‬ ‫ﻛ ﱡﻞ وا ِﺣ َﺪة ﺑ ِﺈزاءِ أُ ْﺧ ِﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺎ ِﺻ ُﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ — ﺑين ﻛ ﱢﻞ َﺧ ْﴬا ِء و َﺣ ْﻤﺮا َء — ُرﺧﺎ َﻣﺘﺎ ِن‪َ ،‬ﺳ َﻌﺘُ ُﻬﻤﺎ َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ ُﺔ أَ ْﺷﺒﺎ ٍر‪.‬‬ ‫واﻷَ ْﺷﻜﺎ ُل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗَ ْﺨﺘَ ِﻠ ُﻒ َﻫﻴْﺌﺎﺗُﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻛ ﱡﻞ أُ ْﺧ ٍﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑ ِﺈزا ِء أُ ْﺧ ِﺘﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ َﺷ ﱠﺪ ْت ﺟﻮا ِﻧ َﺐ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺮﺧﺎﻣﺎ ِت ﺗَﻜﺎ ِﻓﻴ ُﻒ )إِﻃﺎرا ٌت(‪ِ ،‬ﻏ َﻠ ُﻈﻬﺎ َﻗ ْﺪ ُر إِ ْﺻﺒَ َﻌ ْي ِن ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺮﺧﺎ ِم ال ُم َﺠ ﱠﺰع‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻷَ ْﺧ َ ِﴬ‬ ‫واﻷَ ْﺣ َﻤ ِﺮ ال ُمﻨَ ﱠﻘ َﻄ ْي ِن‪ ،‬واﻷَﺑْﻴَ ِﺾ ِذي اﻟ ِﺨﻴﻼن ) َﺟ ْﻤ ُﻊ ﺧﺎ ٍل‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﱡ ْﻘ َﻄ ُﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻮدا ُء(‪ ،‬ﻛﺄَﻧﱠﻬﺎ‬ ‫أَﻧﺎ ِﺑﻴ ُﺐ َﻣ ْﺨﺮو َﻃ ٌﺔ ﻳَﺤﺎ ُر اﻟ َﻮ ْﻫ ُﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (28‬ﺧﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺮم‬ ‫وﺑ ِﺈزا ِء ال َمﻘﺎ ِم اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﺗَ َﺮى ِﻣﻨْ َﱪَ اﻟﺨ ِﻄﻴ ِﺐ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻋﲆ ﺑ َﻜﺮات أَرﺑ ٍﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴَ ْﺴ ُﻬ َﻞ ﺗَ ْﺤ ِﺮﻳ ُﻜ ُﻪ ﻋ َﻠﻴْﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎ ٍن إِﱃ آﺧ َﺮ‪ .‬ﻓ ِﺈذا ﻛﺎن ﻳﻮم اﻟ ُﺠ ُﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻗ ُﺮ َب َوﻗ ُﺖ اﻟﺼﻼ ِة‪ُ ،‬ﺿ ﱠﻢ الِمﻨْ َﱪُ إِﱃ َﺻ ْﻔ ِﺢ اﻟ َﻜ ْﻌﺒَ ِﺔ‬ ‫ا ﱠﻟﺬي ﻳُﻘﺎ ِﺑ ُﻞ ال َمﻘﺎ َم — وﻫﻮ ﺑين اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْﻛ ِﻦ اﻷَﺳﻮ ِد وا ْﻟ ِﻌﺮاﻗ ﱢﻲ — ﻓﻴُ ْﺴﻨَ ُﺪ الِمﻨْ َﱪُ إِﻟﻴ ِﻪ‪ .‬ﺛُ ﱠﻢ ﻳُ ْﻘ ِﺒ ُﻞ‬ ‫‪62‬‬

‫اﻟﺤ َﺮ ُم ال َمﻜ ّﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻴ ُﺐ داﺧ ًﻼ ﻋﲆ ﺑﺎب اﻟﻨﱠﺒ ﱢﻲ ﷺ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻳُﻘﺎ ِﺑ ُﻞ ال َمﻘﺎ َم‪ ،‬ﻻﺑ ًﺴﺎ ﺛَ ْﻮ َب َﺳﻮا ٍد ﻣﺮ ُﺳﻮ ًﻣﺎ ﺑ َﺬﻫﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫و ُﻣﺘﻌ ﱢﻤ ًﻤﺎ ِﺑ ِﻌﻤﺎﻣ ٍﺔ ﺳ ْﻮداءَ َﻣ ْﺮ ُﺳﻮﻣﺔ أَﻳْ ًﻀﺎ‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻴﻪ َﻃﻴْ َﻠﺴﺎ ٌن َر ِﻗﻴ ٌﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛ ﱡﻞ ذﻟﻚ ِﻣﻦ أَ ْﻛ ِﺴﻴَ ِﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻴ َﻔ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳُ ْﺮ ِﺳﻠُﻬﺎ إﱃ ُﺧ َﻄﺒﺎ ِء ﺑﻼ ِده‪ .‬ﻳَ ْﺮ ُﻓ ُﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ وﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻜﻴﻨَ ُﺔ‬ ‫واﻟ َﻮﻗﺎ ُر‪ ،‬ﻳَﺘَﻬﺎدى ُر َوﻳْ ًﺪا ﺑين راﻳَﺘَ ْي ِن َﺳ ْﻮدا َوﻳْ ِﻦ ﻳُ ْﻤ ِﺴ ُﻜ ُﻬﻤﺎ َر ُﺟﻼ ِن ﻣﻦ َﻗ َﻮ َﻣ ِﺔ ال ُم َﺆ ﱢذﻧي َن )اﻟﻮا ِﻗﻔي َن‬ ‫ﻟﻸَذا ِن(‪ ،‬وﺑين ﻳﺪﻳْﻪ — ﺳﺎ ِﻋﻴًﺎ — أَﺣ ُﺪ اﻟ َﻘ َﻮ َﻣ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﻳﺪ ِه ُﻋﻮ ٌد َﻣ ْﺨﺮو ٌط أَ ْﺣ َﻤ ُﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ُر ِﺑ َﻂ ِﰲ‬ ‫رأْ ِﺳﻪ َﺣﺒْ ٌﻞ — ﻣ َﻦ اﻟﺠ ْﻠ ِﺪ ال َم ْﺪﺑﻮ ِغ ال َمﻔﺘﻮ ِل — َرﻗﻴ ٌﻖ َﻃﻮﻳ ٌﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ َﻃﺮﻓ ِﻪ َﻋ َﺬﺑَ ٌﺔ ﺻﻐير ٌة ﻳﻨ ُﻔﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ِﺑﻴ ِﺪ ِه ﰲ اﻟﻬﻮا ِء ﻧَ ْﻔ ًﻀﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺘَﺄْﺗﻲ ِﺑ َﺼ ْﻮ ٍت ﻋﺎ ٍل‪ ،‬ﻳُ ْﺴ َﻤ ُﻊ ِﻣ ْﻦ داﺧ ِﻞ اﻟﺤ َﺮ ِم وﺧﺎ ِر ِﺟ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄَﻧﱠ ُﻪ إِﻳﺬا ٌن‬ ‫ِﺑ ُﻮ ُﺻﻮ ِل اﻟ َﺨ ِﻄﻴ ِﺐ‪ .‬وﻻ ﻳَﺰا ُل ﰲ ﻧ ْﻔ ِﻀﻬﺎ إِﱃ أَ ْن ﻳَ ْﻘ ُﺮ َب ﻣﻦ الِمﻨْ َ ِﱪ‪ ،‬وﻳُ َﺴ ﱡﻤﻮﻧَﻬﺎ اﻟ َﻔ ْﺮ َﻗ َﻌ َﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (29‬ﻣﻘ ﱢﺪﻣﺎت اﻟ ُﺨ ْﻄﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ ِﺈذا َﻗ ُﺮ َب اﻟ َﺨ ِﻄﻴ ُﺐ ﻣﻦ الِمﻨْ َ ِﱪ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ﱠﺮ َج إِﱃ اﻟﺤ َﺠﺮ اﻷَ ْﺳ َﻮ ِد َﻓ َﻘﺒﱠ َﻠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َدﻋﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ُه‪ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺳﻌﻰ إِﱃ‬ ‫الِمﻨْ َﱪ‪ ،‬وال ُم َﺆذﱢ ُن اﻟ ﱠﺰ ْﻣ َﺰ ِﻣ ﱡﻲ رﺋﻴ ُﺲ ال ُم َﺆذﱢﻧي َن ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮ ِم اﻟ ﱠﴩﻳ ِﻒ ﺳﺎ ِﻋﻴًﺎ أَﻣﺎ َﻣ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ِﺑ ًﺴﺎ ِﺛﻴﺎ َب اﻟ ﱠﺴﻮا ِد‬ ‫أَﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪ ،‬وﻋ َﲆ ﻋﺎ ِﺗ ِﻘﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻴْ ُﻒ ﻳُ ْﻤ ِﺴ ُﻜ ُﻪ ﺑﻴ ِﺪ ِه ُدو َن ﺗَ َﻘ ﱡﻠ ٍﺪ ﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﻨ َﺪ ُﺻ ُﻌﻮ ِد ِه — ﰲ أَ ﱠو ِل َد َر َﺟ ٍﺔ —‬ ‫َﻗ ﱠﻠ َﺪ ُه ال ُم َﺆذﱢ ُن اﻟ ﱠﺴﻴْ َﻒ‪ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َ َﴐ َب ِﺑﻨَ ْﻌ َﻠ ِﺔ َﺳﻴْ ِﻔ ِﻪ ) َﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﺪة ﰲ أَ ْﺳ َﻔ ِﻞ ا ْﻟﺠﺮاب(‪ْ َ ،‬ﴐﺑ ًﺔ أَ ْﺳ َﻤ َﻊ ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎ ِﴐﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﰲ اﻟﺜﱠﺎ ِﻧﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﰲ اﻟﺜﱠﺎ ِﻟﺜَ ِﺔ‪ .‬ﻓ ِﺈذا اﻧﺘﻬﻰ إِﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺪ َر َﺟ ِﺔ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻠﻴﺎ َ َﴐ َب َ ْﴐﺑًﺔ راﺑﻌ ًﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َو َو َﻗ َﻒ دا ِﻋﻴًﺎ — ُﻣ ْﺴﺘَ ْﻘ ِﺒ َﻞ اﻟ َﻜ ْﻌﺒَ ِﺔ — ِﺑ ُﺪﻋﺎءٍ َﺧ ِﻔ ﱟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ اﻟﺘ َﻔ َﺖ — ﻳَ ْﻤﻨَ ًﺔ وﻳَ ْ َﴪ ًة — وﻗﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫»اﻟ ﱠﺴﻼ ُم ﻋﻠﻴ ُﻜ ْﻢ ورﺣﻤ ُﺔ ِﷲ وﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗُ ُﻪ«‪ ،‬ﻓ َيرُ ﱡد اﻟﻨﺎ ُس ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ اﻟﺴﻼ َم‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (30‬د َﻋﻮا ُت اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻳَ ْﻘ ُﻌ ُﺪ‪ ،‬وﻳُﺒَﺎ ِد ُر ال ُم َﺆ ﱢذﻧُﻮ َن — ﺑين ﻳﺪﻳ ِﻪ ﰲ الِمﻨ ِﱪ — ﺑﺎﻷَذا ِن َﻋ َﲆ ِﻟﺴﺎ ٍن واﺣ ٍﺪ‪ .‬ﻓ ِﺈذا َﻓ َﺮ ُﻏﻮا‬ ‫ﻗﺎ َم ِﻟ ْﻠ ُﺨ ْﻄﺒَ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺬَ ﱠﻛ َﺮ وو َﻋ َﻆ و َﺧ ﱠﺸ َﻊ ﻓﺄَﺑْ َﻠ َﻎ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ َﺟ َﻠﺲ ا ْﻟ ِﺠ ْﻠ َﺴ َﺔ ا ْﻟ َﺨ ِﻄﻴ ِﺒﻴﱠ َﺔ‪ ،‬و َ َﴐ َب ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴ ِﻒ‬ ‫ﴐﺑ ًﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴ ًﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎ َم ﻟﻠ ُﺨﻄﺒ ِﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄَﻛﺜَ َﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼ ِة َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﷺ و َﻋ َﲆ آﻟ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ورﴈ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ أَﺻﺤﺎ ِﺑﻪ‪ ،‬واﺧﺘَ ﱠﺺ اﻷَ ْرﺑَ َﻌ َﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﺨ َﻠﻔﺎءَ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﱠ ْﺴ ِﻤﻴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ودﻋﺎ ِﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻤﻲ اﻟﻨﺒ ﱢﻲ »ﺣﻤﺰ َة« و»ا ْﻟ َﻌﺒﱠﺎ ِس«‬ ‫وﻟ»ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﺴﻦ« و»ا ْﻟ ُﺤ َﺴ ْين«‪َ ،‬ووا َﱃ اﻟ ﱢﺮﺿﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻤﻴ ِﻌﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺛُ ﱠﻢ َدﻋﺎ ﻷُ ﱠﻣﻬﺎ ِت ال ُم ْﺆ ِﻣ ِﻨين‪َ :‬ز ْوﺟﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱠﺒ ﱢﻲ‪ ،‬ورﴈ ﻋﻦ »ﻓﺎﻃﻤ َﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺰ ْﻫﺮاءِ« وﻋﻦ »ﺧﺪﻳﺠ َﺔ اﻟ ُﻜ ْﱪى« ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻔ ِﻆ‪ .‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ دﻋﺎ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴ َﻔ ِﺔ‬ ‫‪63‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌﺒﱠﺎ ِ ﱢﳼ‪» :‬أَﺑﻲ اﻟﻌﺒﺎ ِس أﺣﻤ َﺪ اﻟﻨﺎ ِﴏ«‪ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻷَﻣي ِر ﻣﻜ َﺔ » ُﻣ ْﻜ ِﺜ ِﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ ﻋﻴﴗ«‪ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻟﺼﻼ ِح اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ‬ ‫»أَﺑﻲ ال ُم َﻈ ﱠﻔ ِﺮ ﻳﻮ ُﺳ َﻒ ﺑ ِﻦ أَﻳﱡﻮ َب«‪ ،‬و ِﻟ َﻮ ِﱄﱢ َﻋ ْﻬ ِﺪ ِه أَ ِﺧﻴ ِﻪ«‪ :‬أَ ِﺑﻲ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ أَﻳﱡﻮ َب«‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (31‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ »ﺻﻼح اﻟﺪﻳﻦ«‬ ‫و ِﻋﻨْ َﺪ ذﻛ ِﺮ »ﺻﻼ ِح اﻟﺪﻳ ِﻦ« ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺪﻋﺎ ِء ﺗَ ْﺨ ُﻔ ُﻖ اﻷَ ْﻟ ِﺴﻨَ ُﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﱠﺄْ ِﻣي ِن ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻣﻜﺎ ٍن‪.‬‬ ‫»وإِذا أَ َﺣ ﱠﺐ اﻟﻠ ُﻪ ﻳﻮ ًﻣﺎ ﻋﺒ َﺪ ُه أَ ْﻟ َﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ َﻣ َﺤﺒﱠ ًﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﱠﺎ ِس«‬ ‫و ُﺣ ﱠﻖ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ْﻢ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳَﺒْﺬُﻟُ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻞ ا ِﻻﻋ ِﺘﻨﺎءِ ﺑﻬ ْﻢ‪ ،‬و ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ اﻟﻨﱠ َﻈ ِﺮ ﻟﻬ ْﻢ‪ ،‬و ِﻟﻤﺎ َر َﻓ َﻌ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ ْﻦ وﻇﺎ ِﺋ ِﻒ ال ُم ُﻜﻮس ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪ .‬وﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺎرﻳ ِﺦ أُ ْﻋ ِﻠ ْﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺄَ ﱠن ِﻛﺘﺎﺑَ ُﻪ َوﺻ َﻞ إِﱃ اﻷَﻣي ِر » ُﻣ ْﻜ ِﺜ ٍﺮ«‪،‬‬ ‫وأَ َﻫ ﱡﻢ ُﻓﺼﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ اﻟﺘﱠ ْﻮ ِﺻﻴَ ُﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎ ﱢج واﻟﺘﺄْ ِﻛﻴ ُﺪ ﰲ َﻣ َﱪﱠ ِﺗ ِﻬ ْﻢ َوﺗَﺄْﻧﻴ ِﺴ ِﻬ ْﻢ ورﻓﻊ أَﻳْ ِﺪي اﻻﻋ ِﺘﺪاءِ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫وا ِﻹﻳﻌﺎ ُز ﰲ ذﻟﻚ إِﱃ ا ْﻟ ُﺨ ﱠﺪا ِم واﻷَﺗْﺒﺎ ِع واﻷَ ْوزا ِع‪ .‬وﻗﺎ َل‪:‬‬ ‫»إِﻧﱠ ُﻪ إِﻧﱠﻤﺎ ﻧَ ْﺤ ُﻦ وأَﻧْ َﺖ ُﻣﺘَ َﻘ ﱢﻠﺒُﻮ َن ﰲ ﺑ َﺮ َﻛ ِﺔ اﻟﺤﺎ ﱢج!«‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺄَ ﱠﻣ ْﻞ ﻫﺬا ال َمﻨْ ِﺰ َع اﻟ ﱠﴩﻳ َﻒ‪ ،‬وال َم ْﻘ ِﺼ َﺪ اﻟ َﻜﺮﻳ َﻢ‪ .‬وإِ ْﺣﺴﺎ ُن ِﷲ ﻳﺘﻀﺎ ُﻋﻒ إِﱃ ﻣﻦ أَ ْﺣﺴ َﻦ‬ ‫إﱃ ِﻋﺒﺎ ِده‪ ،‬وا ْﻋ ِﺘﻨﺎ ُؤ ُه اﻟ َﻜﺮﻳ ُﻢ َﻣﻮﺻﻮ ٌل ل َم ْﻦ ﺟﻌ َﻞ َﻫ ﱠﻤ ُﻪ ا ِﻻ ْﻋ ِﺘﻨﺎ َء ﺑﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وﷲُ ﻋ ﱠﺰ َوﺟ ﱠﻞ َﻛﻔﻴ ٌﻞ ﺑﺠﺰا ِء ال ُم ْﺤﺴﻨي َن‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (32‬اﻟﺤﻔﺎو ُة ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻄﻴﺐ‬ ‫وﰲ أَﺛﻨﺎءِ اﻟ ُﺨ ْﻄﺒَ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗُ ْﺮ َﻛ ُﺰ اﻟ ّﺮاﻳﺘﺎ ِن اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻮداوا ِن ﰲ أَ ﱠو ِل درﺟ ٍﺔ ﻣﻦ الِمﻨْ َ ِﱪ‪ ،‬وﻳُﻤﺴﻜ ُﻬﻤﺎ َر ُﺟﻼ ِن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ال ُم َﺆ ﱢذﻧي َن‪ .‬وﰲ ﺟﺎ ِﻧﺒَ ْﻲ ﺑﺎ ِب الِمﻨْ َ ِﱪ َﺣ ْﻠﻘﺘﺎ ِن‪ ،‬ﺗُ ْﻠ َﻘﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺮاﻳﺘﺎ ِن ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ َﻣ ْﺮ ُﻛﻮ َزﺗَ ْي ِن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓ ِﺈذا َﻓ َﺮ َغ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻼ ِة َﺧ َﺮج واﻟ ﱠﺮاﻳﺘﺎ ِن ﻋﻦ ﻳﻤﻴﻨ ِﻪ وﺷﻤﺎ ِﻟﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﻔ ْﺮﻗﻌ ُﺔ أَﻣﺎﻣ ُﻪ َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ دﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﺄَ ﱠن ذﻟﻚ أَﻳ ًﻀﺎ إﻳﺬا ٌن ﺑﺎﻧﴫاف اﻟﺨﻄﻴ ِﺐ‪ ،‬واﻟﻔﺮا ِغ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻼ ِة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ أُﻋﻴ َﺪ الِمﻨﱪُ إِﱃ َﻣ ْﻮ ِﺿﻌ ِﻪ ﺑ ِﺈزاءِ ال َمﻘﺎ ِم‪.‬‬ ‫‪64‬‬

‫اﻟﺤ َﺮ ُم ال َمﻜ ّﻰ‬ ‫)‪ (33‬ﻃﻮا ُف اﻷَﻣي ِر‬ ‫و َﻟﻴْ َﻠ َﺔ أَ َﻫ ﱠﻞ ِﻫﻼ ُل ُﺟﻤﺎ َدى اﻷُو َﱃ‪ ،‬ﺑَ َﻜ َﺮ أَﻣيرُ َﻣﻜ َﺔ » ُﻣ ْﻜ ِﺜ ٌﺮ« — ﰲ َﺻ ِﺒﻴﺤ ِﺘﻬﺎ — إِﱃ ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﺮ ِم‬ ‫اﻟ َﻜﺮﻳ ِﻢ ﻣﻊ ُﻃﻠﻮ ِع اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ِﺲ‪ ،‬و ُﻗ ﱠﻮا ُده ﻳَ ُﺤ ﱡﻔﻮ َن ﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟ ُﻘ ﱠﺮا ُء ﻳَﻘﺮءُون أَﻣﺎ َﻣ ُﻪ‪َ .‬ﻓ َﺪ َﺧ َﻞ َﻋ َﲆ ﺑﺎ ِب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒ ﱢﻲ ﷺ‪ ،‬و ِرﺟﺎﻟُﻪ اﻟ ﱡﺴﻮدا ُن — اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳُ َﻌ ﱢﺮ ُﻓﻮﻧﻬﻢ ﺑﺎ ْﻟ َﺤ ﱠﺮاﺑ ِﺔ — ﻳ ُﻄﻮ ُﻓﻮ َن أَﻣﺎ َﻣﻪ‪ ،‬وﺑﺄَﻳْ ِﺪﻳ ِﻬﻢ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ِﺤﺮا ُب‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻜﻴﻨَ ُﺔ وا ْﻟﻮﻗﺎ ُر‪ .‬وﻛﺎن ﻻ ِﺑ ًﺴﺎ ﺛَ ْﻮ َب ﺑﻴﺎ ٍض‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺘَ َﻘ ﱢﻠ ًﺪا ﺳﻴْ ًﻔﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺘَﻌ ﱠﻤ ًﻤﺎ ِﺑ ُﻜ ْﺮ ِزﻳﱠ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻮف ﺑﻴْﻀﺎ َء َرﻗﻴ َﻘ ٍﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻠ ﱠﻤﺎ اﻧﺘَﻬﻰ ﺑ ِﺈزا ِء ال َمﻘﺎ ِم اﻟﻜﺮﻳ ِﻢ‪َ ،‬وﻗ َﻒ َوﺑُ ِﺴﻂ ﻟ ُﻪ ِوﻃﺎءُ َﻛﺘﱠﺎ ٍن‪ ،‬ﻓﺼ ّﲆ‬ ‫َر ْﻛ َﻌﺘَ ْي ِن‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺗَ َﻘ ﱠﺪ َم إ َﱃ ا ْﻟﺤﺠﺮ اﻷَ ْﺳﻮ ِد ﻓﻘﺒﱠ َﻠ ُﻪ‪ ،‬و َﴍ َع ﰲ اﻟ ﱠﻄﻮا ِف‪.‬‬ ‫)‪» (34‬ﰲ ﻗﺒ ِﺔ »زﻣ َﺰم‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻋﻼ ُﻗﺒ َﺔ » َز ْﻣ َﺰ َم« ﺻﺒ ﱞﻲ — ﻫﻮ أَﺧﻮ ال ُم َﺆ ﱢذ ِن اﻟ ﱠﺰﻣﺰ ِﻣ ﱢﻲ — وﻫﻮ أَ ﱢو ُل ال ُم َﺆذﱢﻧي َن أَذاﻧًﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻳَﻘﺘ ُﺪون‪ ،‬وﻟﻪ ﻳَﺘﺒَﻌﻮ َن‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﻟ ِﺒﺲ ﻫﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺼﺒ ﱡﻲ أَﻓ َﺨ َﺮ ﺛﻴﺎ ِﺑﻪ وﺗﻌ ﱠﻤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻨْ َﺪﻣﺎ ﻳُ ْﻜ ِﻤ ُﻞ اﻷَﻣيرُ‬ ‫َﺷﻮ ًﻃﺎ واﺣ ًﺪا وﻳَ ْﻘ ُﺮ ُب ﻣﻦ ا ْﻟﺤﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨْﺪﻓ ُﻊ اﻟﺼﺒ ﱡﻲ ﰲ أَﻋﲆ اﻟ ُﻘﺒﱠ ِﺔ — راﻓ ًﻌﺎ َﺻﻮﺗَﻪ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺪﻋﺎ ِء‬ ‫— وﻳﺴﺘَﻔ ِﺘ ُﺤ ُﻪ ﻗﺎﺋ ًﻼ‪» :‬ﺻﺒﱠ َﺢ ﷲ َﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ اﻷَﻣير ﺑﺴﻌﺎد ٍة داﺋﻤ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﻧِﻌﻤ ٍﺔ ﺷﺎ ِﻣﻠﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳ ِﺼ ُﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺘَﻬﻨﺌ ِﺔ اﻟﺸﻬ ِﺮ ﺑﻜﻼ ٍم َﻣﺴﺠﻮ ٍع‪َ ،‬ﺣﻔﻴ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱡﺪﻋﺎءِ واﻟﺜﱠﻨﺎ ِء‪ .‬ﺛﻢ ﻳَﺨ ِﺘ ُﻢ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺜَﻼﺛ ِﺔ أَﺑﻴﺎ ٍت — أَو أَرﺑﻌ ٍﺔ — ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺸﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﰲ َﻣﺪ ِﺣ ِﻪ و َﻣﺪ ِح َﺳﻠ ِﻔ ِﻪ اﻟﻜﺮﻳ ِﻢ‪ ،‬و ِذ ْﻛ ِﺮ ﺳﺎﺑ َﻘ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨُﺒ ﱠﻮ ِة‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻳَﺴ ُﻜ ُﺖ‪ .‬ﻓ ِﺈذا أَﻇ ﱠﻞ اﻟﺮ ْﻛ َﻦ اﻟﻴﻤﺎﻧ ﱠﻲ ﻳُﺮﻳ ُﺪ اﻟ َﺤ َﺠ َﺮ‪ ،‬اﻧﺪ َﻓﻊ ﺑ ُﺪﻋﺎءٍ آﺧ َﺮ — َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ اﻷُﺳﻠﻮ ِب — و َو َﺻﻠ ُﻪ ﺑﺄَﺑﻴﺎ ٍت ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺸﻌ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻏي ِر اﻷَﺑﻴﺎ ِت اﻷُ َﺧ ِﺮ — ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ال َمﻌﻨَﻰ ﺑ َﻌﻴ ِﻨ ِﻪ‬ ‫— ﻛﺄَﻧﻬﺎ ُﻣﻨﺘ َﺰﻋ ٌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺎﺋ َﺪ ُﻣ ِﺪح ﺑﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻫﻜﺬا ﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺒْﻌ ِﺔ اﻷَ ْﺷﻮا ِط‪ ،‬إِﱃ أَن ﻳَﻔ ُﺮ َغ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟ ُﻘ ﱠﺮاءُ ﰲ أَﺛﻨﺎ ِء َﻃﻮاﻓ ِﻪ أَﻣﺎﻣ ُﻪ؛ َﻓﻴَﻨﺘ ِﻈ ُﻢ — ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎ ِل واﻷُﺑﱠﻬ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ َﺻﻮ ِت ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻋ َﲆ ِﺻ َﻐ ِﺮ ِه‪ ،‬ﻷَﻧﻪ اﺑ ُﻦ إِﺣ َﺪى ﻋ ْﴩ َة َﺳﻨ ًﺔ أَو ﻧﺤ ِﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬و ُﺣﺴ ِﻦ اﻟﻜﻼ ِم اﻟﺬي ﻳُﻮ ِر ُده‬ ‫ﻧَﺜْ ًﺮا وﻧﻈ ًﻤﺎ‪ ،‬وأَﺻﻮا ِت اﻟ ُﻘ ﱠﺮاءِ‪ ،‬و ُﻋﻠ ﱢﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﻜﺘﺎ ِب ِﷲ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﱠﺰ وﺟ ﱠﻞ — ﻣﺠﻤﻮ ٌع ﻳُﺤ ﱢﺮ ُك اﻟﻨﱡﻔﻮ َس‬ ‫وﻳَ ْﺸ ُﺠﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻳَﺴﺘَﻮ ِﻛ ُﻒ اﻟ ُﻌﻴﻮ َن وﻳُﺒْﻜﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺬ ﱡﻛ ًﺮا ﻷَﻫ ِﻞ اﻟﺒﻴْ ِﺖ اﻟﺬﻳ َﻦ أَذ َﻫﺐ ﷲُ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺮﺟ َﺲ‬ ‫و َﻃ ﱠﻬ َﺮﻫﻢ ﺗَﻄﻬي ًرا‪.‬‬ ‫‪65‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫)‪ (35‬ﺑﻌ َﺪ اﻟﻄﻮا ِف‬ ‫ﻓ ِﺈذا ﻓ َﺮغ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻄﻮا ِف َر َﻛﻊ — ﻋﻨ َﺪ ال ُمﻠﺘَ َﺰ ِم — ر ْﻛﻌﺘ ْين‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺟﺎءَ ور َﻛﻊ َﺧﻠ َﻒ ال َمﻘﺎ ِم أَﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َو ﱠﱃ ُﻣﻨ ِﴫ ًﻓﺎ‪ ،‬و َﺣ ْﻠﻘﺘُﻪ ﺗَ ُﺤ ﱡﻒ ﺑﻪ‪ .‬وﻻ ﻳَﻈﻬ ُﺮ ﰲ اﻟ َﺤﺮ ِم إِﻻ ل ُم ْﺴﺘَ َﻬ ﱢﻞ ِﻫﻼ ٍل آ َﺧ َﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬا‬ ‫داﺋ ًﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (36‬ﺣﺠﺎ َرة اﻟﺤﺮم‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻴْ ُﺖ اﻟ َﻌﺘﻴ ُﻖ َﻣﺒﻨِ ﱞﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺠﺎر ِة اﻟ ِﻜﺒﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱡﺼ ﱢﻢ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻤ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ُر ﱠص ﺑﻌ ُﻀﻬﺎ َﻋ َﲆ ﺑﻌ ٍﺾ‪،‬‬ ‫وأُﻟ ِﺼﻘ ْﺖ ﺑﺎﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻮﺛﻴ ِﻖ إِﻟﺼﺎ ًﻗﺎ ﻻ ﺗُﺤﻴﻠُﻪ اﻷَﻳﺎ ُم‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺗَ ْﻔ ِﺼ ُﻤ ُﻪ اﻷَزﻣﺎ ُن‪ .‬وﻣﻦ اﻟﻌ ِﺠﻴ ِﺐ أَ ﱠن‬ ‫ِﻗﻄﻌ ًﺔ اﻧﺼﺪﻋ ْﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮ ْﻛ ِﻦ اﻟﻴﻤﺎﻧ ﱢﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓ ُﺴ ﱢﻤﺮ ْت ِﺑ َﻤﺴﺎﻣي َر ِﻓ ﱠﻀ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وأُﻋﻴﺪ ْت ﻛﺄَﺣﺴ ِﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻋ َﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وال َمﺴﺎﻣيرُ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ٌة‪ .‬وﻣﻦ آﻳﺎ ِت اﻟﺒﻴْ ِﺖ اﻟﻌﺘﻴﻖ أَﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺋ ٌﻢ — و َﺳﻂ اﻟ َﺤ َﺮ ِم —‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟ ُﱪْ ِج ال ُم َﺸﻴﱠ ِﺪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻪ اﻟﺘﱠﻨﺰﻳ ُﻪ اﻷَﻋ َﲆ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (37‬ﺣﻤﺎﺋ ُﻢ اﻟﺤ َﺮ ِم‬ ‫و َﺣﻤﺎ ُم اﻟ َﺤﺮ ِم ﻻ ﻳُﺤ َﴡ َﻛﺜﺮ ًة‪ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻷَ ْﻣ ِﻦ ﺑﺤﻴْ ُﺚ ﻳُ َﴬ ُب ِﺑ ِﻪ ال َمﺜَ ُﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻻ ﻳﺨﻠﻮ اﻟ َﺤ َﺮ ُم ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﺋﻔي َن ﺳﺎﻋ ًﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﻬﺎ ِر‪ ،‬وﻻ َوﻗﺘًﺎ ﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻠﻴْ ِﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﻔ ِﺢ — اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻇ ِﺮ إِﱃ اﻟﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻌﺘﻴ ِﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺒﱠ ِﺔ — َﺳﻼﺳ ُﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ َﻗﻨﺎ ِدﻳ ُﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُزﺟﺎ ٍج ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻠ َﻘ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗُﻮ َﻗ ُﺪ ُﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻟﻴ َﻠ ٍﺔ‪ .‬وﰲ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺢ اﻟﺬي ﻋﻦ ﻳﻤﻴ ِﻨﻪ ﻛﺬﻟ َﻚ‪ ،‬وﻫ َﻮ اﻟﻨﺎ ِﻇ ُﺮ إِﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻤﺎ ِل‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺠﺎ ِﻧ ُﺐ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻘﺎ ِﺑ ُﻞ اﻟﺤ َﺠ َﺮ اﻷَ ْﺳ َﻮ َد — ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺒﱠ ِﺔ — ﺗَﺘﱠ ِﺼ ُﻞ ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻣﺼﻄﺒ ٌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺮﺧﺎ ِم‬ ‫داﺋﺮ ٌة ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺒﱠ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﻠ ُﺲ اﻟﻨﺎ ُس ِﻓﻴﻬﺎ ُﻣ ْﻌﺘﱪﻳ َﻦ ﺑ َﴩ ِف ذﻟﻚ ال َم ْﻮ ِﺿ ِﻊ‪ ،‬ﻷَﻧ ُﻪ أَ ْﴍ ُف ﻣﻮاﺿ ِﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺪﻧﻴﺎ ال َمﺬﻛﻮرة ﺑﴩ ِف َﻣﻮاﺿ ِﻊ اﻵﺧ َﺮ ِة‪ .‬ﻷَ ﱠن اﻟﺤ َﺠ َﺮ اﻷَ ْﺳﻮ َد أَﻣﺎ َﻣ َﻚ‪ ،‬واﻟﺒﺎ َب اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳ َﻢ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴ ِﺖ ُﻗﺒﺎ َﻟﺘَ َﻚ‪ ،‬وا ْﻟﻤﻘﺎ َم ﻋﻦ ﻳَ ِﻤﻴﻨ َﻚ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎ َب اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻳَﺴﺎ ِر َك‪ ،‬وﺑ َﱤ » َز ْﻣ َﺰ َم« َورا َء َﻇﻬ ِﺮ َك‪،‬‬ ‫وﻧﺎ ِﻫﻴ َﻚ ﺑﻬﺬا‪.‬‬ ‫‪66‬‬

‫اﻟﺤ َﺮ ُم ال َمﻜ ّﻰ‬ ‫)‪ (38‬أَﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﺮم‬ ‫وﻟﻠ َﺤﺮم أَرﺑﻌ ُﺔ أَ ِﺋﻤﺔ ُﺳﻨﱢﻴﱠ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وإِﻣﺎ ٌم ﺧﺎ ِﻣ ٌﺲ ِﻟ ِﻔ ْﺮﻗﺔ ﺗُﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺰﻳْ ِﺪﻳﱠﺔ‪ ،‬وأَﴍا ُف ﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻟﺒَ ْﻠ َﺪ ِة‬ ‫ﻋﲆ َﻣ ْﺬﻫ ِﺒﻬ ْﻢ‪َ .‬و ُﻫ ْﻢ ﻳَﺰﻳ ُﺪون ﰲ اﻷذا ِن‪َ \":‬ﺣ ﱠﻲ َﻋ َﲆ َﺧ ْي ِر اﻟ َﻌﻤ ِﻞ »إِﺛْ َﺮ َﻗ ْﻮل ال ُم َﺆذﱢ ِن‪َ :‬ﺣ ﱠﻲ َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻔﻼ ِح«‪َ .‬و ُﻫ ْﻢ َروا ِﻓ ُﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳُﻄﻴ ُﻒ ﺑﻬﺬ ِه ال َمﻮاﺿ ِﻊ ﻛ ﱢﻠﻬﺎ — داﺋ َﺮ اﻟﺒﻴ ِﺖ اﻟﻌﺘﻴﻖ‪ ،‬وﻋ َﲆ ﺑُ ْﻌ ٍﺪ ﻳﺴي ٍر ﻣﻨﻪ — َﻣﺸﺎﻋﻴ ُﻞ‬ ‫ﺗُﻮ َﻗ ُﺪ ﰲ ِﺻﺤﺎ ِف ﺣﺪﻳ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮ َق ُﺧ ُﺸ ٍﺐ َﻣﺮ ُﻛﻮ َز ٍة‪ .‬ﻓﻴﺘﱠﻘ ُﺪ اﻟﺤﺮ ُم اﻟ ﱠﴩﻳ ُﻒ ﻛ ﱡﻠ ُﻪ ﻧُﻮ ًرا‪ ،‬وﻳُﻮ َﺿ ُﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸ َﻤ ُﻊ ﺑَ ْي َن أَﻳْ ِﺪي اﻷَ ِﺋ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ ﰲ َﻣﺤﺎ ِرﻳ ِﺒ ِﻬ ْﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (39‬ﺑَ ْﻌﺪ ﺻﻼة ال َمﻐﺮب‬ ‫وﰲ أَﺛَ ِﺮ ﻛ ﱢﻞ َﺻﻼ ِة ﻣ ْﻐ ِﺮب‪ ،‬ﻳَ ِﻘ ُﻒ ال ُم َﺆذﱢن اﻟ ﱠﺰ ْﻣ َﺰ ِﻣ ﱡﻲ ﰲ ﺳ ْﻄ ِﺢ ُﻗﺒﱠﺔ » َز ْﻣ َﺰ َم« و َﻟﻬﺎ َﻣ ْﻄﻠ ٌﻊ َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫أَ ْدرا ٍج ﻣﻦ ﻋﻮ ٍد‪ ،‬ﰲ اﻟ ِﺠﻬ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﻘﺎ ِﺑ ُﻞ ﺑﺎب اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ — راﻓ ًﻌﺎ َﺻ ْﻮﺗَ ُﻪ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺪﻋﺎءِ ﻟ ِﻺﻣﺎم اﻟﻌﺒﱠﺎ ِ ﱢﳼ‬ ‫»أَﺣﻤ َﺪ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِ ِﴏ ﻟﺪﻳ ِﻦ ِﷲ«‪ ،‬ﺛُ ﱠﻢ ﻟﻸَﻣي ِر » ُﻣ ْﻜ ِﺜ ٍﺮ«‪ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ » ِﻟ َﺼﻼ ِح اﻟﺪﻳ ِﻦ«‪ :‬أَﻣي ِر اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِم وﺟﻬﺎ ِت‬ ‫ﻣ َﴫ ﻛ ﱢﻠﻬﺎ واﻟﻴَ َﻤ ِﻦ‪ِ ،‬ذي ال َمﺂﺛﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻬيرَ ِة‪ ،‬وال َمﻨﺎﻗ ِﺐ اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩﻳﻔ ِﺔ‪ .‬ﻓ ِﺈذا اﻧْﺘَﻬﻰ إِﱃ ِذ ْﻛ ِﺮ ِه ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺪﻋﺎءِ‪،‬‬ ‫ارﺗ َﻔ َﻌ ْﺖ أَﺻﻮا ُت اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎ ِﺋ ِﻔي َن ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻣي ِن‪ ،‬ﺑﺄَ ْﻟ ِﺴﻨ ٍﺔ ﺗُ ِﻤ ﱡﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﻘﻠُﻮ ُب اﻟﺨﺎ ِﻟ َﺼ ُﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﱢﻴﱠﺎ ُت اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎدﻗ ُﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺗ ْﺨ ُﻔ ُﻖ اﻷَ ْﻟ ِﺴﻨ ُﺔ ِﺑﺬﻟ َﻚ َﺧ ْﻔ ًﻘﺎ ﻳُ ِﺬﻳ ُﺐ اﻟﻘﻠُﻮ َب ُﺧ ُﺸﻮ ًﻋﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻟﻤﺎ َو َﻫ َﺐ ﷲُ ِﻟﻬﺬا اﻟ ﱡﺴ ْﻠﻄﺎ ِن اﻟﻌﺎ ِد ِل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻨﺎءِ اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻞ‪ ،‬وأَ ْﻟ َﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ ﻣﻦ َﻣﺤﺒﱠ ِﺔ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِس‪ .‬وﻋﺒﺎ ُد ِﷲ ُﺷ َﻬﺪا ُؤه ﰲ أَ ْر ِﺿ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛُ ﱠﻢ ﻳَ ِﺼ ُﻞ ذﻟ َﻚ ِﺑ ُﺪﻋﺎ ِء ﻷُﻣﺮاءِ اﻟﻴَ َﻤﻦ — ﻣ ْﻦ ﺟﻬ ِﺔ » َﺻﻼ ِح اﻟﺪﻳ ِﻦ« — ﺛُ ﱠﻢ ِﻟﺴﺎﺋ ِﺮ ال ُم ْﺴ ِﻠﻤي َن‬ ‫وا ْﻟ ُﺤ ﱠﺠﺎ ِج وال ُمﺴﺎﻓ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (40‬ﻣﺨ ﱠﻠﻔﺎت ﺛﻤﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟ ُﻘﺒﱠ ِﺔ اﻟﻌﺒﱠﺎ ِﺳﻴﱠ ِﺔ ِﺧﺰاﻧَ ٌﺔ ﺗَ ْﺤﺘَﻮي ﻋﲆ ﺗﺎﺑﻮت َﻣﺒْ ُﺴﻮط ُﻣﺘﱠ ِﺴ ٍﻊ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻪ ُﻣ ْﺼ َﺤ ُﻒ أَﺣ ِﺪ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﺎ ِء‬ ‫اﻷَ ْرﺑﻌ ِﺔ أَ ْﺻﺤﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱠﺮ ُﺳﻮ ِل‪ ،‬و ِﺑ َﺨ ﱢﻂ » َزﻳْ ِﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ ﺛﺎ ِﺑ ٍﺖ« — َر ِ َﴈ ﷲُ َﻋﻨ ُﻪ — ُﻣﻨْﺘَ َﺴ ٌﺦ َﺳﻨ َﺔ ﺛَﻤﺎ ِﻧ َﻲ‬ ‫َﻋ ْ َﴩ َة ِﻣ ْﻦ َوﻓﺎ ِة َر ُﺳﻮ ِل ِﷲ ﷺ‪َ .‬وﻳَﻨْ ُﻘ ُﺺ ﻣﻨ ُﻪ و َرﻗﺎ ٌت َﻛﺜيرَ ٌة‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﺑين َد ﱠﻓﺘ ْﻲ َﺧ َﺸ ٍﺐ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ َﺠ ﱠﻠ ٌﺪ‬ ‫ِﺑﻤﻐﺎﻟﻴ َﻖ ﻣﻦ ُﺻ ْﻔ ٍﺮ )ﻧُﺤﺎ ٍس(‪َ ،‬ﻛﺒيرُ اﻟ َﻮ َرﻗﺎت واﺳ ُﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪67‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫وﺑ ِﺈزا ِء اﻟﺤﺮ ِم اﻟ ﱠﴩﻳ ِﻒ ِدﻳﺎ ٌر َﻛﺜير ٌة‪ ،‬ﻟ َﻬﺎ أَﺑﻮا ٌب ﻳُﺨ َﺮ ُج ِﻣﻨﻬﺎ إِﻟﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻧﺎﻫﻴ َﻚ ِﺑﻬﺬا اﻟ ِﺠﻮا ِر‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﻳ ِﻢ‪ .‬وﺣ ْﻮ َل اﻟﺤﺮ ِم أَﻳ ًﻀﺎ ِدﻳﺎ ٌر َﻛﺜيرَ ٌة ﺗُ ِﻄﻴ ُﻒ ﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻬﺎ َﻣﻨﺎﻇ ُﺮ وﺳ ُﻄﻮ ٌح ﻳُ ْﺨ َﺮ ُج ﻣﻨﻬﺎ إﱃ‬ ‫ﺳ ْﻄ ِﺢ اﻟﺤﺮ ِم َﻓﻴ ِﺒﻴ ُﺖ أَﻫﻠُﻬﺎ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻳُ َ ﱢﱪ ُدو َن ﻣﺎ َءﻫﻢ ﰲ أَﻋﺎ ِﱄ ُ ُﴍﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓﻬ ْﻢ — ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻈ ِﺮ إِﱃ اﻟﺒﻴ ِﺖ اﻟﻌﺘﻴﻖ داﺋ ًﻤﺎ — ﰲ ﻋﺒﺎدة ُﻣﺘﱠ ِﺼ َﻠﺔ‪ ،‬وﷲُ ﻳَ ْﻬ ِﻨﺌُ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺧ ﱠﺼ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﺑ ِﻪ ﻣ ْﻦ ُﻣﺠﺎ َور ِة ﺑَﻴﺘِ ِﻪ اﻟﺤﺮا ِم‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (41‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ال َمﺴﺠﺪ اﻟﺤﺮام‬ ‫وأَ ْﻟ َﻔﻴْ ُﺖ ِﺑ َﺨ ﱢﻂ اﻟ َﻔ ِﻘﻴ ِﻪ اﻟﺰاﻫ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻮ ِر ِع »أَﺑﻲ َﺟ ْﻌ َﻔﺮ اﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ ُﻃﺒ ﱢﻲ«‪ :‬أَ ﱠن ذ ْر َع ال َمﺴﺠ ِﺪ اﻟﺤﺮا ِم ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﻄﻮ ِل واﻟ َﻌ ْﺮ ِض ﻣﺎ أَﺛﺒَﺘﱡ ُﻪ أَ ﱠو ًﻻ‪ ،‬وﻃﻮ َل َﻣ ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ رﺳﻮ ِل ِﷲ ﷺ ﺛَﻼ ُث ﻣﺌﺔ ِذرا ٍع‪ ،‬وﻋﺮ َﺿ ُﻪ‬ ‫ِﻣﺎﺋَﺘﺎ ِن‪ ،‬وﻋﺪ َد َﺳﻮا ِرﻳ ِﻪ )أَ ْﻋ ِﻤ َﺪ ِﺗ ِﻪ( ﺛَﻼ ُث ﻣﺌﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻣﻨﺎرا ِﺗﻪ ﺛﻼ ٌث‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮ ُن ﺗَ ْﻜﺴيرُ ُه ) َﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴ ُﺴ ُﻪ( أَرﺑ َﻌ ًﺔ وﻋﴩﻳ َﻦ َﻣ ْﺮ ِﺟ ًﻌﺎ ﻣﻦ ال َمﺮاﺟ ِﻊ ال َم ْﻐﺮﺑ ِﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫ َﻲ‬ ‫َﺧ ْﻤ ُﺴﻮ َن ذرا ًﻋﺎ ﰲ ِﻣﺜْ ِﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (42‬ﺑﻴﺖ ال َمﻘﺪس‬ ‫وﻃﻮ ُل ﻣﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ ﺑﻴْ ِﺖ ال َم ْﻘ ِﺪ ِس — أَﻋﺎد ُه ﷲُ ﻟ ِﻺ ْﺳﻼ ِم — َﺳﺒْ ُﻊ ﻣﺌﺔ وﺛَﻤﺎﻧُﻮ َن ذرا ًﻋﺎ‪ ،‬وﻋﺮ ُﺿ ُﻪ‬ ‫أَ ْرﺑَ ُﻊ ﻣﺌﺔ وﺧﻤﺴﻮن ذرا ًﻋﺎ‪ ،‬و َﺳﻮارﻳ ِﻪ أَرﺑﻊ ﻣﺌﺔ وأَرﺑَ َﻊ ﻋ َﴩ َة ﺳﺎرﻳ ًﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻗﻨﺎ ِدﻳﻠُ ُﻪ َﺧ ْﻤ ُﺲ ﻣﺌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وأَﺑﻮاﺑُ ُﻪ ﺧﻤﺴﻮ َن ﺑﺎﺑًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮ ُن ﺗﻜﺴيرُ ُه — ﻣﻦ ال َمﺮاﺟ ِﻊ ال َمﺬﻛﻮرة — ﻣﺌﺔ َﻣ ْﺮﺟ ٍﻊ وأَ ْرﺑَ ِﻌين َﻣ ْﺮﺟ ًﻌﺎ و ُﺧ ْﻤ َ ْﴘ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﺮﺟ ٍﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (43‬أَﺑﻮاب اﻟ َﺤ َﺮم‬ ‫وﻟﻠﺤﺮ ِم ﺗﺴﻌ َﺔ ﻋ َﴩ ﺑﺎﺑًﺎ أَ ْﻛﺜَ ُﺮﻫﺎ ُﻣ َﻔﺘﱠ ٌﺢ َﻋ َﲆ أَﺑﻮاب َﻛﺜير ٍة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪» :‬ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ« ﻳُ ْﻔﺘَ ُﺢ َﻋ َﲆ َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ ِﺔ أَﺑﻮاب‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﻳﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ ﻗﺪﻳ ًﻤﺎ ﺑﺒﺎ ِب ﺑﻨﻲ َﻣ ْﺨ ُﺰوم‪.‬‬ ‫و»ﺑﺎ ُب اﻟﺼﻔﺎ« أَﻛﱪُ اﻷَﺑﻮا ِب‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي ﻳُ ْﺨ َﺮ ُج ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ إِﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻌ ِﻲ‪ .‬وﻛ ﱡﻞ وا ِﻓ ٍﺪ إِﱃ َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ —‬ ‫َ ﱠﴍ َﻓﻬﺎ ﷲُ — ﻳَ ْﺪ ُﺧﻠُﻬﺎ ِﺑ ُﻌ ْﻤﺮ ٍة‪َ ،‬ﻓﻴُ ْﺴﺘَ َﺤ ﱡﺐ ﻟﻪ اﻟﺪﺧﻮ ُل َﻋ َﲆ ﺑﺎ ِب ﺑﻨﻲ َﺷﻴْﺒَ َﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻳﻄﻮ ُف َﺳﺒْ ًﻌﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬

‫اﻟﺤ َﺮ ُم ال َمﻜ ّﻰ‬ ‫وﻳَ ْﺨ ُﺮ ُج ﻋ َﲆ ﺑﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ‪ ،‬وﻳﺠﻌ ُﻞ َﻃﺮﻳ َﻘ ُﻪ ﺑي َن اﻷُ ْﺳ ُﻄﻮاﻧَﺘَ ْي ِن ا ﱠﻟ َﻠﺘَ ْي ِن أَﻣ َﺮ ال َم ْﻬ ِﺪ ﱡي — َر ِﺣ َﻤ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﷲُ — ﺑﺈﻗﺎﻣﺘﻬﻤﺎ َﻋ َﻠ ًﻤﺎ ِﻟ َﻄﺮﻳ ِﻖ رﺳﻮل ِﷲ ﷺ إِﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ﻳﺴﺎ ِر اﻟﺴﺎﻋﻲ إِﱃ ال َم ْﺮ َو ِة ﺳﺎ ِرﻳﺘﺎ ِن ﺧﴬاوا ِن‪َ ،‬ﻋ َﲆ ﻛ ﱢﻞ وا ِﺣ َﺪ ٍة ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ َﻟ ْﻮ ٌح ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ُو ِﺿ َﻊ َﻋ َﲆ َرأْ ِس اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ِرﻳَ ِﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﱠﺎ ِج‪ ،‬أَ ْﻟ َﻔﻴْ ُﺖ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﻣﻨﻘﻮ ًﺷﺎ ِﺑ َﺮ ْﺳ ٍﻢ ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻫ ٍﺐ‪﴿ :‬إِ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻔﺎ َوا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺮ َو َة‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ َﺷ َﻌﺎ ِﺋ ِﺮ ِﷲ ۖ َﻓ َﻤ ْﻦ َﺣ ﱠﺞ ا ْﻟﺒَﻴْ َﺖ أَ ِو ا ْﻋﺘَ َﻤ َﺮ َﻓ َﻼ ُﺟﻨَﺎ َح َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ أَن ﻳَ ﱠﻄ ﱠﻮ َف ِﺑ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ ۚ َو َﻣﻦ ﺗَ َﻄ ﱠﻮ َع‬ ‫َﺧ ْيرًا َﻓ ِﺈ ﱠن ﷲَ َﺷﺎ ِﻛ ٌﺮ َﻋ ِﻠﻴ ٌﻢ﴾‪.‬‬ ‫وﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪﻫﺎ‪» :‬أَ َﻣ َﺮ ِﺑﻌﻤﺎ َر ِة ﻫﺬا الِمﻴ ِﻞ )اﻟﻌﻤﻮد( ﻋﺒ ُﺪ ِﷲ وﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘ ُﻪ‪ ،‬أَﺑُﻮ ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ال ُم ْﺴﺘَ ِﴤءُ‬ ‫ِﺑﺄَ ْﻣ ِﺮ ِﷲ‪ ،‬أَﻣيرُ ال ُم ْﺆﻣﻨي َن‪ ،‬أَﻋ ﱠﺰ ﷲُ ﻧَ ْ َﴫ ُه‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺳﻨ ِﺔ ﺛﻼ ٍث َو َﺳﺒْ ِﻌين َو َﺧ ْﻤ ِﺲ ﻣﺌﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (44‬ﺑين »اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ« و»ال َم ْﺮ َوة«‬ ‫وﺑي َن اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ والِمﻴ ِﻞ اﻷَول ﺛﻼ ٌث و ِﺗ ْﺴ ُﻌﻮن ُﺧ ْﻄ َﻮ ًة‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ الِمﻴﻞ إِﱃ الِمﻴ َﻠ ْي ِن َﺧ ْﻤ ٌﺲ وﺳﺒﻌﻮ َن‬ ‫ُﺧ ْﻄﻮ ًة‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺎ َﻓ ُﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺮ َﻣﻞ )اﻟ َﻬ ْﺮ َو َﻟ ِﺔ( ﺟﺎ ِﺋﻴًﺎ وذا ِﻫﺒًﺎ ﻣ َﻦ المﻴ ِﻞ إﱃ الِمﻴ َﻠ ْي ِن ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﻣ َﻦ الِمﻴ َﻠ ْين إِﱃ‬ ‫المﻴ ِﻞ‪ .‬وﻣ َﻦ الِمﻴﻠين إِﱃ ال َم ْﺮ َوة ﺛَﻼ ُث ﻣﺌﺔ و َﺧ ْﻤ ٌﺲ وﻋ ْ ُﴩو َن ُﺧ ْﻄ َﻮ ًة‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺠ ِﻤﻴ ُﻊ ُﺧﻄﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ إِﱃ ال َم ْﺮ َو ِة أَ ْرﺑ ُﻊ ﻣﺌﺔ ُﺧ ْﻄ َﻮ ٍة وﺛﻼ ٌث وﺗﺴﻌﻮ َن ُﺧ ْﻄ َﻮ ًة‪ .‬وأَ ْدرا ُج ال َم ْﺮ َو ِة َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ ٌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ِﺑ َﻘ ْﻮ ٍس واﺣ ٍﺪ ﻛﺒير‪ ،‬و َﺳ َﻌﺘُﻬﺎ َﺳ َﻌ ُﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ َﺳﺒْ َﻊ ﻋﴩ َة ُﺧ ْﻄ َﻮ ًة‪.‬‬ ‫‪69‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫)‪ُ (45‬ﺳﻮق اﻟﺘﺠﺎر‬ ‫وﻣﺎ ﺑي َن اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ والم ْﺮ َو ِة ُﺳﻮ ٌق َﺣ ِﻔﻴ َﻠ ٌﺔ ﺑﺠﻤﻴ ِﻊ اﻟ َﻔﻮا ِﻛ ِﻪ وﻏيرﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﺤﺒُﻮ ِب وﺳﺎ ِﺋ ِﺮ‬ ‫ال َم ِﺒﻴﻌﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﻄﻌﺎ ِﻣﻴﱠ ِﺔ‪ .‬واﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ُﻋﻮ َن ﻻ ﻳَﻜﺎدو َن ﻳ ْﺨﻠُ ُﺼﻮ َن ﻣﻦ َﻛﺜْ َﺮ ِة اﻟ ﱢﺰﺣﺎ ِم‪ .‬وﺣﻮاﻧﻴ ُﺖ اﻟﺒﺎ َﻋ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻴﻨًﺎ و ِﺷﻤﺎ ًﻻ‪ .‬وﻣﺎ ِﻟ ْﻠﺒَ ْﻠ َﺪ ِة ُﺳﻮ ٌق ُﻣﻨْﺘَ ِﻈ َﻤ ٌﺔ ِﺳﻮاﻫﺎ إِﻻﱠ اﻟﻌ ﱠﻄﺎ ِرﻳﻦ وا ْﻟﺒَ ﱠﺰازﻳ َﻦ )ﺗُ ﱠﺠﺎ َر اﻟﺜﻴﺎ ِب‬ ‫واﻷَ ْﺳ ِﻠﺤﺔ(؛ َﻓ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ِب ﺑﻨﻲ َﺷﻴْﺒَ َﺔ ﺗﺤ َﺖ اﻟ ﱡﺴﻮ ِق ال َمﺬﻛﻮر ِة‪ ،‬و ِﺑ َﻤ ْﻘ َﺮﺑ ٍﺔ ﺗﻜﺎ ُد ﺗَﺘﱠ ِﺼ ُﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (46‬ﺟﺒﻞ أَﺑﻲ ﻗﺒﻴﺲ‬ ‫و َﻋ َﲆ ا ْﻟﺤﺮ ِم اﻟ ﱠﴩﻳ ِﻒ َﺟﺒ ُﻞ »أَﺑﻲ ُﻗﺒَﻴْ ِﺲ«‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ اﻟﺠﻬ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠ ْﴩ ِﻗﻴﱠ ِﺔ ﻳُﻘﺎ ِﺑ ُﻞ ُر ْﻛ َﻦ اﻟ َﺤ َﺠ ِﺮ‬ ‫اﻷَ ْﺳ َﻮ ِد‪ .‬وﰲ أَ ْﻋﻼ ُه ِرﺑﺎ ٌط ُﻣﺒﺎ َر ٌك‪ ،‬ﻓﻴ ِﻪ َﻣ ْﺴﺠ ٌﺪ‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ َﺳ ْﻄ ٌﺢ ُﻣ ْ ِﴩ ٌف َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺒَ ْﻠ َﺪ ِة اﻟ ﱠﻄﻴﱢﺒَ ِﺔ‪َ .‬وﻣﻨ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻳَ ْﻈﻬ ُﺮ ُﺣﺴﻨُﻬﺎ َو ُﺣﺴ ُﻦ اﻟﺤ َﺮ ِم واﺗﱢﺴﺎ ُﻋ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬وﺟﻤﺎ ُل اﻟ َﻜﻌﺒ ِﺔ الم َﻘ ﱠﺪ َﺳ ِﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺋ َﻤ ِﺔ َو َﺳ َﻄ ُﻪ‪َ .‬وﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﻗ ْﱪُ‬ ‫آد َم ﺻ َﻠﻮا ُت ِﷲ ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ أَﺣ ُﺪ أَ ْﺧ َﺸﺒَ ْﻲ ﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ ) َﺟﺒ َﻠﻴْﻬﺎ(‪ ،‬واﻷَ ْﺧ َﺸ ُﺐ اﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﺠﺒَ ُﻞ ال ُمﺘﱠ ِﺼ ُﻞ‬ ‫ﺑ ُﻘ َﻌﻴْ ِﻘﻌﺎ َن ﰲ ا ْﻟ ِﺠﻬ ِﺔ اﻟﻐ ْﺮﺑﻴﱠ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺻ ِﻌ ْﺪﻧﺎ إِﱃ َﺟﺒ ِﻞ »أَﺑﻲ ُﻗﺒَﻴْ ِﺲ«‪َ .‬و َﺻ ﱢﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﰲ ال َم ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ ال ُمﺒﺎ َر ِك وﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﻣ ْﻮﺿ ُﻊ َﻣ ْﻮ ِﻗ ِﻒ اﻟﻨﺒ ﱢﻲ‬ ‫ﷺ ﻋﻨْ َﺪ اﻧْ ِﺸﻘﺎق اﻟ َﻘﻤﺮ ﻟ ُﻪ ﺑ ُﻘ ْﺪ َر ِة ِﷲ‪ .‬واﻟ َﻔ ْﻀ ُﻞ ﺑﻴ ِﺪ ِﷲ‪ ،‬ﻳُ ْﺆ ِﺗﻴ ِﻪ َﻣﻦ ﻳَﺸﺎ ُء‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﺎدا ِت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ َﻣ ْﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺗ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (47‬أَﺛﺮ »اﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ المﻬﺪي«‬ ‫وأَ ْﻟ َﻔﻴْ ُﺖ َﻣﻨﻘﻮ ًﺷﺎ َﻋ َﲆ ﺳﺎ ِرﻳَ ٍﺔ ﺧﺎ ِر َج ﺑﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗُﻘﺎ ِﺑ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ِرﻳ َﺔ اﻟﻮا ِﺣ َﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﺘَ ْي ِن أُﻗﻴﻤﺘَﺎ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠ ًﻤﺎ ﻟﻄﺮﻳ ِﻖ اﻟﻨﺒ ﱢﻲ إِﱃ اﻟﺼﻔﺎ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺤﺮ ِم‪» :‬أَﻣ َﺮ ﻋﺒ ُﺪ ﷲ ﻣﺤﻤ ٌﺪ الم ْﻬ ِﺪ ﱡي أَﻣيرُ الم ْﺆﻣﻨي َن‬ ‫— أَ ْﺻ َﻠﺤﻪ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ — ﺑﺘَ ْﻮ ِﺳ َﻌ ِﺔ ال َم ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ اﻟﺤﺮا ِم ِﻣ ّﻤﺎ ﻳ ِﲆ ﺑﺎ َب اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ; ﻟﺘ ُﻜﻮ َن اﻟ َﻜﻌﺒ ُﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫َو َﺳ ِﻂ ال َم ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺳﻨ ِﺔ َﺳﺒْ ٍﻊ َو ِﺳﺘﱢي َن وﻣﺌﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﺗ ْﺤ َﺖ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻘ ِﺶ ﰲ أَ ْﺳ َﻔ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ِرﻳ ِﺔ َﻣﻨﻘﻮ ٌش أَﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫»أَﻣ َﺮ ﻋﺒ ُﺪ ِﷲ ﻣﺤﻤ ٌﺪ ال َم ْﻬ ِﺪ ﱡي أَﻣيرُ الم ْﺆﻣﻨي َن — أَ ْﺻﻠﺤ ُﻪ ﷲ — ﺑﺘَ ْﻮ ِﺳﻌ ِﺔ اﻟﺒﺎ ِب‬ ‫اﻷَ ْو َﺳ ِﻂ اﻟﺬي ﺑ ْي َن ﻫﺎﺗ ْي ِن اﻷُ ْﺳ ُﻄﻮاﻧَﺘَ ِي ِن‪ ،‬وﻫ َﻮ ﻃﺮﻳ ُﻖ رﺳﻮ ِل ِﷲ ﷺ إِﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ«‪.‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬

‫اﻟﺤ َﺮ ُم ال َمﻜ ّﻰ‬ ‫وﰲ أَ ْﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ِرﻳ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗَﻠﻴﻬﺎ َﻣﻨ ُﻘﻮ ٌش أَﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫»أَﻣ َﺮ ﻋﺒ ُﺪ ِﷲ ﻣﺤﻤ ٌﺪ الم ْﻬ ِﺪ ﱡي أَﻣيرُ ال ُم ْﺆﻣﻨي َن — أَ ْﺻ َﻠﺤ ُﻪ ﷲُ — ﺑ َ ْﴫ ِف اﻟﻮا ِدي إِﱃ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﺠﺮا ُه وﺗَ ْﻮ ِﺳ َﻌ ِﺘ ِﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن َﻋ َﲆ ﻋﻬ ِﺪ إِﺑﺮاﻫﻴ َﻢ ﷺ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟ ﱢﺮﺣﺎ ِب اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣ ْﻮ َل ال َمﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ اﻟﺤﺮا ِم ﻟﺤﺎ ﱢج ﺑﻴْ ِﺖ ِﷲ و ُﻋ ﱠﻤﺎ ِره‪ ،‬وﺗﺤﺘَﻬﺎ أَﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻣﻨﻘﻮ ٌش‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺗ ْﺤ َﺖ اﻷَ ﱠو ِل ﻣﻦ ِذ ْﻛ ِﺮ ﺗَ ْﻮ ِﺳﻌ ِﺔ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷَ ْو َﺳ ِﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (48‬وا ِدي »إِﺑﺮا ِﻫﻴ َﻢ«‬ ‫وﻫﺬا اﻟﻮا ِدي ﻫ َﻮ ال َمﻨﺴﻮ ُب ِﻹﺑﺮاﻫﻴ َﻢ ﷺ‪ .‬و َﻣ ْﺠﺮا ُه َﻋ َﲆ ﺑﺎ ِب اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ‪ .‬وﻛﺎ َن اﻟ ﱠﺴﻴْ ُﻞ ﻗﺪ ﺧﺎﻟ َﻒ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﺠﺮا ُه‪ ،‬ﻓﺄَ ْﺻﺒَﺢ ﻳﺄْ ِﺗﻲ َﻋ َﲆ ال َمﺴﻴﻞ ﺑين اﻟﺼﻔﺎ وال َمﺮ َو ِة وﻳﺪﺧ ُﻞ اﻟﺤﺮ َم‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎن ُﻣ ﱠﺪ َة اﻣﺘﻼ ِﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷَﻣﻄﺎر ﻳُﻄﺎ ُف ﺣ ْﻮل اﻟ َﻜﻌﺒﺔ َﺳﺒ ًﺤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄَﻣﺮ »الم ْﻬ ِﺪ ﱡي« — َر ِﺣ َﻤ ُﻪ ﷲُ — ﺑ َﺮﻓ ِﻊ ﻣ َﻮﺿﻊ ﰲ أَ ْﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺒﻠ ِﺪ ﻳُﺴﻤﻰ َرأْ َس اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْد ِم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺘَﻰ ﺟﺎءَ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻴْ ُﻞ ﻋ ﱠﺮ َج ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْد ِم إﱃ َﻣ ْﺠﺮا ُه‪ ،‬واﺳﺘﻤ ﱠﺮ َﻋ َﲆ ﺑﺎ ِب »إِﺑﺮاﻫﻴ َﻢ« إِﱃ ال َم ْﻮﺿ ِﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ﻳُ َﺴﻤﻰ )الم ْﺴ َﻔ َﻠ َﺔ(‪َ ،‬وﻳﺨ ُﺮ ُج ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻠ ِﺪ َوﻻ ﻳﺠﺮي المﺎءُ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ إﻻ ﻋﻨْ َﺪ ﻧ ُﺰول ال َم َﻄ ِﺮ اﻟ َﻜﺜي ِر‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫ َﻮ اﻟﻮا ِدي اﻟﺬي َﻋﻨَﻰ »إِﺑﺮاﻫﻴ ُﻢ« ﷺ ﺑ َﻘ ْﻮ ِﻟ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴ ُﺚ َﺣ َﻜﻰ ﷲُ ﺗﺒﺎ َرك وﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ‪ ﴿ :‬ﱠرﺑﱠﻨَﺎ‬ ‫إِﻧﱢﻲ أَ ْﺳ َﻜﻨ ُﺖ ِﻣﻦ ذُ ﱢرﻳﱠ ِﺘﻲ ِﺑ َﻮا ٍد َﻏ ْي ِر ِذي َز ْر ٍع﴾‬ ‫َﻓ ُﺴﺒﺤﺎ َن َﻣﻦ أَﺑْ َﻘﻰ ﻟﻪ اﻵﻳﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﱢﻨَﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫‪71‬‬



‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫آﺛﺎر َﻣ ّﻜﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (1‬أَﺑﻮا ُب ﻣﻜ َﺔ‬ ‫» َﻣ ﱠﻜ ُﺔ« ﻫﻲ ﺑَ ْﻠ َﺪ ٌة ﻗﺪ وﺿ َﻌﻬﺎ ﷲُ — ﻋ ﱠﺰ و َﺟ ﱠﻞ — ﺑين ِﺟﺒﺎل ُﻣ ْﺤ ِﺪﻗﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﺑَﻄﻦ َوا ٍد‬ ‫ﻣﻘ ﱠﺪس‪ ،‬ﻛﺒير ٌة ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗَﺴ ُﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻼﺋﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺤﺼﻴﻪ إِﻻ ﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﺛ ُﺔ أَﺑﻮاب‪:‬‬ ‫أَوﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎب »ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ َﲆ«‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻪ ﻳُ ْﺨ َﺮ ُج إِﱃ اﻟ َﺠﺒﱠﺎﻧﺔ ال ُمﺒﺎرﻛ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﺑﺎلمﻮﺿ ِﻊ اﻟﺬي ﻳُ ْﻌ َﺮف‬ ‫ﺑ»اﻟ َﺤ ُﺠﻮ ِن«‪ ،‬وﻋﻦ ﻳَﺴﺎ ِر المﺎ ﱢر إِﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﺒ ٌﻞ ﰲ أَﻋﻼ ُه ﺛَ ِﻨﻴﱠ ٌﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ َﻋ َﻠ ٌﻢ ﻳُ ْﺸﺒ ُﻪ ا ْﻟ ُ ْﱪ َج‪ ،‬ﻳُ ْﺨ َﺮ ُج‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ إِﱃ ﻃﺮﻳ ِﻖ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤﺮ ِة‪ ،‬وﺗِﻠﻚ اﻟﺜﱠ ِﻨﻴﱠ ُﺔ )اﻟﺠﺒ ُﻞ( ﺗ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ » َﻛﺪا َء«‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ َﻋﻨَﻰ َﺣ ﱠﺴﺎ ُن ﺑ ُﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑ ٍﺖ — ﺷﺎﻋ ُﺮ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل — ﺑﻘﻮﻟ ِﻪ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺮ ِه‪:‬‬ ‫»ﻋ ِﺪﻣﻨﺎ َﺧﻴْ َﻠﻨﺎ‪ ،‬إِن ﻟﻢ ﺗَ َﺮ ْوﻫﺎ ﺗُ ِﺜﻴ ُﺮ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻘ َﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻮ ِﻋ ُﺪﻫﺎ َﻛﺪا ُء«‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل اﻟﻨﺒ ﱡﻲ ﷺ ﻳﻮ َم اﻟﻔﺘ ِﺢ‪» :‬ا ْد ُﺧﻠُﻮا ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴ ُﺚ ﻗﺎل َﺣ ﱠﺴﺎ ٌن«‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﺧﻠﻮا ﻣﻦ ِﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺜﱠ ِﻨﻴﱠ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﺬا المﻮﺿ ُﻊ — اﻟﺬي ﻳُﻌﺮ ُف ﺑﺎﻟ َﺤ ُﺠﻮ ِن — ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي َﻋﻨﺎ ُه »اﻟﺤﺎر ُث ﺑ ُﻦ ُﻣ َﻀﺎض‬ ‫اﻟ ُﺠ ْﺮﻫﻤ ﱡﻲ« ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﺄَن ﻟﻢ ﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟ َﺤ ُﺠﻮ ِن إِﻟﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ أَﻧﻴ ٌﺲ‪ ،‬وﻟﻢ ﻳَ ْﺴ ُﻤ ْﺮ ﺑ» َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ« ﺳﺎﻣ ُﺮ‬ ‫ﺑَ َﻠ ﻰ‪ .‬ﻧ ﺤ ﻦ ُﻛ ﻨ ﺎ أَ ْﻫ َﻠ ﻬ ﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ﺄَﺑ ﺎ َدﻧ ﺎ ُﺻﺮو ُف ا ﱠﻟﻠﻴﺎ ِﻟﻲ واﻟ ُﺠﺪو ُد اﻟ َﻌﻮا ِﺛ ُﺮ‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻣﺪاﻓﻦ » َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ«‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺠﺒﺎﻧ ِﺔ ال َمﺬﻛﻮرة َﻣ ْﺪ ِﻓ ُﻦ ﺟﻤﺎﻋ ٍﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺤﺎﺑ ِﺔ واﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌي َن واﻷَوﻟﻴﺎ ِء واﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤي َن‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ُد ِﺛ َﺮ ْت‬ ‫َﻣﺸﺎ ِﻫ ُﺪﻫﻢ ال ُمﺒﺎرﻛ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وذﻫﺒ ْﺖ ﻋﻦ أَﻫﻞ اﻟﺒﻠ ِﺪ أَﺳﻤﺎ ُؤﻫﻢ‪ .‬وﻓﻴﻪ ال َمﻮﺿ ُﻊ اﻟﺬي َﺻ َﻠﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫»اﻟ َﺤ ﱠﺠﺎ ُج ﺑ ُﻦ ﻳﻮ َﺳﻒ« — ﺟﺎزاه ﷲُ — ُﺟﺜﱠ َﺔ »ﻋﺒ ِﺪ ِﷲ ﺑﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺰﺑَ ْي ِر«‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌ ُﺔ اﻟﺠ ﱢﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ﻳﻤﻴﻨِﻚ — إِذا اﺳﺘﻘﺒ ْﻠ َﺖ اﻟﺠﺒﺎﻧ َﺔ ال َمﺬﻛﻮر َة — ﻣﺴﺠ ٌﺪ ﰲ َﻣ ِﺴﻴ ٍﻞ ﺑين ﺟﺒﻠين‪ ،‬ﻳُﻘﺎ ُل إِﻧﱠﻪ‬ ‫ال َمﺴﺠ ُﺪ اﻟﺬي ﺑﺎﻳَ َﻌ ْﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟ ِﺠ ﱡﻦ اﻟﻨﺒ ﱠﻲ ﷺ‪ .‬وﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺎ ِب ﻃﺮﻳ ُﻖ »اﻟﻄﺎ ِﺋ ِﻒ«‪ ،‬وﻃﺮﻳ ُﻖ‬ ‫»اﻟﻌﺮا ِق«‪ ،‬واﻟﺼﻌﻮ ُد إﱃ »ﻋﺮﻓﺎت«‪َ ،‬ﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﷲ ِﻣ ﱠﻤﻦ ﻳَﻔﻮ ُز ﺑﺎلم ْﻮ ِﻗ ِﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺎ ُب ﺑين‬ ‫اﻟﴩ ِق واﻟ ﱠﺸﻤﺎ ِل‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ إِﱃ ال َم ْ ُﴩق أَ ْﻣﻴَ ُﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﺑﺎ ُب )ال َمﺴ َﻔ ِﻞ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ إﱃ ﺟﻬ ِﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﻮ ِب‪ .‬وﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻃﺮﻳ ُﻖ اﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎن دﺧﻮ ُل‬ ‫»ﺧﺎﻟ ِﺪ ﺑ ِﻦ اﻟﻮﻟﻴ ِﺪ« ر َﴈ ﷲُ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ ﻳﻮ َم اﻟ َﻔﺘْ ِﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﺑﺎ ُب )اﻟﺰاﻫﺮ(‪ ،‬وﻳُ ْﻌ َﺮ ُف أَﻳ ًﻀﺎ ﺑﺒﺎ ِب »اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤﺮة«‪َ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻏﺮﺑ ﱞﻲ‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ ﻃﺮﻳ ُﻖ ﻣﺪﻳﻨ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺮﺳﻮ ِل ﷺ‪ ،‬وﻃﺮﻳ ُﻖ اﻟﺸﺎ ِم‪ ،‬وﻃﺮﻳ ُﻖ » ُﺟ ﱠﺪ َة«‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻪ ﻳُﺘَ َﻮ ﱠﺟ ُﻪ إِﱃ اﻟﺘﻨْﻌﻴ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ أَﻗﺮ ُب ﻣﻴﻘﺎ ِت‬ ‫ال ُم ْﻌﺘَ ِﻤﺮﻳ َﻦ‪ .‬ﻳُ ْﺨ َﺮ ُج ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮ ِم إِﻟﻴ ِﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﺑﺎ ِب اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮ ِة‪ ،‬وﻟﺬﻟﻚ أَﻳ ًﻀﺎ ﻳُ َﺴﻤﻰ ﻫ َﻮ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻻ ْﺳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﱠﻨْﻌﻴ ُﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒ ْﻠ َﺪ ِة َﻋ َﲆ َﻓ ْﺮ َﺳ ٍﺦ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻃﺮﻳ ٌﻖ َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ َﻓ ِﺴﻴ ٌﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓ ِﻴ ِﻪ اﻵﺑﺎ ُر اﻟﻌﺬْﺑَ ُﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺑ»اﻟ ﱡﺸﺒَﻴْ َﻜ ِﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﻨْ َﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺨ ُﺮ ُج ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒ ْﻠ َﺪ ِة — ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ِﻣﻴﻞ — ﺗَ ْﻠﻘﻰ َﻣﺴﺠ ًﺪا ﺑ ِﺈزا ِﺋﻪ ﺣﺠ ٌﺮ ﻣ ْﻮﺿﻮ ٌع َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳ ِﻖ ﻛﺎلِم ْﺼ َﻄﺒ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳَ ْﻌﻠﻮ ُه َﺣﺠ ٌﺮ آﺧ ُﺮ ُﻣ ْﺴﻨَ ٌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﻧ ْﻘ ٌﺶ دا ِﺛ ُﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﺳ ِﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎ ُل إِﻧ ُﻪ ال َم ْﻮﺿ ُﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َﻗﻌ َﺪ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ اﻟﻨﺒ ﱡﻲ ُﻣ ْﺴ َ ِﱰﻳ ًﺤﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ َﻣ ِﺠﻴﺌ ِﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮ ِة‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻗﱪ »أَﺑﻲ ﻟﻬ ٍﺐ«‬ ‫ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ ﻫﺬا ال َم ْﻮﺿ ِﻊ ِﺑ ِﻤﻘﺪا ٍر ﻳَ ِﺴي ٍر‪ ،‬ﺗَ ْﻠﻘﻰ َﻋ َﲆ ﻗﺎ ِر َﻋ ِﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ — ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬ ِﺔ اﻟﻴﺴﺎ ِر ﻟﻠ ُﻤﺘَ َﻮ ﱢﺟ ِﻪ‬ ‫إِﱃ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮ ِة — ﻗ ْﱪﻳْ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ َﻋ ْﻠﺘُﻬﻤﺎ أَ ْﻛﻮا ٌم ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼ ْﺨ ِﺮ ِﻋﻈﺎ ٌم‪ ،‬ﻳُﻘﺎ ُل‪ :‬إِﻧﻬﻤﺎ ﻗ ْﱪَا »أَﺑﻲ ﻟ َﻬ ٍﺐ«‬ ‫‪74‬‬

‫آﺛﺎر َﻣ ّﻜﺔ‬ ‫واﻣﺮأَﺗ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻌﻨَ ُﻬﻤﺎ ﷲُ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ َزا َل اﻟﻨﺎ ُس ﰲ اﻟﻘﺪﻳ ِﻢ — إِﱃ ﻫﻠُ ﱠﻢ ﺟ ٍّﺮا — ﻳَﺘﱠ ِﺨﺬو َن َر ْﺟ َﻤ ُﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺠﺎر ِة ُﺳﻨﱠ ًﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻋﻼ ُﻫﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ َﺟﺒﻼ ِن ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎ ِن‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﺗﺴيرُ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑ ِﻤﻘﺪار ِﻣﻴﻞ وﺗَ ْﻠ َﻘﻰ »اﻟﺰاﻫ ِﺮ«‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ُﻣﺒْﺘَﻨًﻰ ﻋﲆ ﺟﺎ ِﻧﺒَﻲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳ ِﻖ ﻳﺤﺘ ِﻮي‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ دا ٍر وﺑﺴﺎﺗي َن‪ .‬واﻟﺠﻤﻴ ُﻊ ِﻣ ْﻠ ُﻚ أَﺣ ِﺪ ال َم ﱢﻜﻴﱢي َن‪ .‬وﻗﺪ أَﺣﺪ َث ﰲ ال َمﻜﺎ ِن َﻣﻄﺎ ِﻫ َﺮ و ِﺳﻘﺎﻳَ ًﺔ‬ ‫ِﻟﻠ ُﻤ ْﻌﺘَﻤ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ‪َ .‬وﻋﲆ ﺟﺎﻧ ِﺐ اﻟﻄﺮﻳ ِﻖ ِﻣ ْﺼ َﻄﺒَ ٌﺔ ُﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠ ٌﺔ ﺗُ َﺼ ﱡﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ِﻛﻴﺰا ُن المﺎءِ َوﻣﺮا ِﻛ ُﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ ْﻤﻠﻮءَ ٌة ﻟﻠ ُﻮﺿﻮ ِء‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ اﻟ َﻘﺼﺎ ِري اﻟ ﱢﺼﻐﺎ ُر‪ .‬وﰲ ال َم ْﻮ ِﺿ ِﻊ ﺑﱤٌ َﻋﺬْﺑَ ٌﺔ ﺗُ ْﻤﻸُ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ال َمﻄﺎ ِﻫ ُﺮ‬ ‫ال َمﺬﻛﻮر ُة‪ ،‬ﻓﻴَ ِﺠ ُﺪ ال ُمﻌﺘَ ِﻤﺮو َن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ِﻣ ْﺮ َﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻛﺒيرًا ﻟﻠ ﱠﻄﻬﻮ ِر واﻟ ُﻮﺿﻮءِ واﻟ ﱡ ْﴩ ِب‪ .‬ﻓﺼﺎ ِﺣﺒُﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﻤﻮر ٍة ﺑﺎﻷَﺟ ِﺮ واﻟﺜﱠﻮا ِب‪ .‬و َﻛﺜيرٌ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ال ُمﺘَﺄَ ﱢﺟﺮﻳ َﻦ ) ُﻃﻼﱠ ِب اﻷَ ْﺟ ِﺮ ﻣ َﻦ ِﷲ( َﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﻳُﻌﻴﻨُﻪ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ ﻫ َﻮ ِﺑ َﺴﺒﻴﻠ ِﻪ‪ .‬وﻗﻴﻞ إِ ﱠن ﻟﻪ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺎﺋﺪ ًة ﻛﺒير ًة‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (6‬ﻗﺼﺔ »إﺑﺮاﻫﻴ َﻢ«‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ﺟﺎ ِﻧﺒَﻲ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺮﻳ ِﻖ ﰲ ﻫﺬا ال َم ْﻮﺿ ِﻊ ﺟﺒﺎ ٌل أَ ْرﺑَ َﻌ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺒﻼ ِن ﻣﻦ ُﻫﻨﺎ وﺟﺒﻼ ِن ﻣﻦ ُﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫أَﻋﻼ ٌم ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺠﺎرة‪ ،‬وذُ ِﻛ َﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ أَﻧﻬﺎ ا ْﻟ ِﺠﺒﺎ ُل ال ُمﺒﺎرﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﻌ َﻞ »إِﺑﺮاﻫﻴ ُﻢ« — ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻼ ُم‬ ‫— ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ أَﺟﺰا َء اﻟﻄي ِر‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ دﻋﺎ ُﻫ ﱠﻦ َﺣ ْﺴﺒَﻤﺎ َﺣﻜﻰ ﷲ — ﻋ ﱠﺰ وﺟ ﱠﻞ — ﺳ َﺆا َﻟ ُﻪ إِﻳﱠﺎ ُه أَ ْن ﻳُ ِﺮﻳَ ُﻪ‬ ‫َﻛﻴْ َﻒ ﻳُ ْﺤ ِﻴﻲ ال َم ْﻮﺗَﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺣ ْﻮ َل ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺠﺒﺎ ِل اﻷَرﺑﻌ ِﺔ ﺟﺒﺎ ٌل ﻏيرُﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﻨﺪ إﺟﺎ َزﺗِﻚ »اﻟﺰا ِﻫ َﺮ« ﺗﻤ ﱡﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻮادي ال َمﻌﺮو ِف ﺑ»ذي ُﻃ ًﻮى« اﻟﺬي ذُ ِﻛ َﺮ أَ ﱠن اﻟﻨﺒ ﱢﻲ ﷺ‬ ‫ﻧَ َﺰ َل ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ دﺧﻮﻟ ِﻪ »ﻣﻜ َﺔ«‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن اﺑ ُﻦ » ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺨ ﱠﻄﺎب« ﻳَ ْﻐﺘَ ِﺴ ُﻞ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻳ ْﺪ ُﺧﻠُﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺣﻮ َﻟ ُﻪ آﺑﺎ ٌر ﺗُ ْﻌ َﺮ ُف ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺸﺒَﻴْ َﻜ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴ ِﻪ َﻣﺴﺠ ٌﺪ ﻳﻘﺎ ُل إِﻧﱠ ُﻪ ﻣﺴﺠ ُﺪ »إِﺑﺮاﻫﻴ َﻢ«‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺄَ ﱠﻣ ْﻞ ﺑﺮ َﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻄﺮﻳ ِﻖ‪ ،‬وﻣﺠﻤﻮ َع اﻵﻳﺎ ِت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬واﻵﺛﺎ َر ال ُم َﻘ ﱠﺪ َﺳ َﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ا ْﻛﺘَﻨَ َﻔﺘْ ُﻪ )أَﺣﺎ َﻃﺖ ِﺑ ِﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ﺑين اﻟ ِﺤ ﱢﻞ واﻟ َﺤ َﺮم‬ ‫وﺗُ ِﺠﻴ ُﺰ اﻟﻮا ِد َي إِﱃ َﻣ ِﻀﻴﻖ ﺗَ ْﺨ ُﺮ ُج ﻣﻨ ُﻪ إِﱃ اﻷَ ْﻋﻼم اﻟﺘﻲ ُو ِﺿ َﻌ ْﺖ َﺣ ْﺠ ًﺰا ﺑين اﻟﺤ ﱢﻞ وا ْﻟ َﺤ َﺮ ِم‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ دا ِﺧ َﻠﻬﺎ إِﱃ »ﻣﻜﺔ« ﺣﺮ ٌم‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﺧﺎ ِرﺟﻬﺎ ِﺣ ﱞﻞ‪ .‬وﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻷَﺑْﺮا ِج ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓ ٌﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻛﺒﺎ ٌر و ِﺻﻐﺎ ٌر‪،‬‬ ‫واﺣ ٌﺪ ﺑ ِﺈزا ِء آﺧ َﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻋ َﲆ َﻣ ْﻘ َﺮﺑَ ٍﺔ ﻣﻨ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄ ُﺧﺬُ ﻣﻦ أَ ْﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺠﺒ ِﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻳَ ْﻌ َ ِﱰ ُض ﻋﻦ ﻳﻤي ِن اﻟﻄﺮﻳ ِﻖ‬ ‫ﰲ اﻟﺘﱠ َﻮ ﱡﺟ ِﻪ إِﱃ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤﺮ ِة‪ ،‬وﺗَ ُﺸ ﱡﻖ اﻟﻄ ِﺮﻳ َﻖ إِﱃ أَﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺠﺒَ ِﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺴﺎ ِره‪ ،‬وﻣﻨ ُﻪ ِﻣﻴﻘﺎ ُت ال ُمﻌﺘَ ِﻤﺮﻳ َﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺟ ُﺪ َﻣﺒﻨِﻴﱠ ٌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺠﺎرة ﻳُﺼ ﱢﲇ ال ُمﻌﺘَﻤﺮو َن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ وﻳُ ْﺤ ِﺮﻣﻮ َن ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣﺴﺠ ُﺪ »ﻋﺎﺋﺸ َﺔ« — ر َﴈ ﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ — ﺧﺎر َج ﻫﺬه اﻷَﻋﻼ ِم ﺑﻤﻘﺪا ٍر ﻳﺴي ٍر‪ .‬وإِﻟﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺼ ُﻞ المﺎ ِﻟﻜﻴﱡﻮ َن‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻪ ﻳُﺤ ْﺮﻣﻮ َن‪.‬‬ ‫وأَ ﱠﻣﺎ اﻟﺸﺎ ِﻓﻌﻴﱡﻮ َن ﻓﻴُ ْﺤ ِﺮﻣﻮ َن ﻣﻦ ال َمﺴﺎﺟ ِﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣ ْﻮ َل اﻷَﻋﻼ ِم ال َمﺬ ُﻛﻮر ِة‪ .‬وأَﻣﺎ َم ﻣﺴﺠ ِﺪ‬ ‫»ﻋﺎﺋﺸ َﺔ« — ر َﴈ ﷲُ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ — َﻣﺴ ِﺠ ٌﺪ ﻳُﻨ َﺴ ُﺐ ﻟ» َﻋ ِﲇﱢ ﺑ ِﻦ أَﺑﻲ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ« ر ِ َﴈ ﷲُ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬أَﺻﻨﺎ ُم اﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻴ ِﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﻋﺠﻴ ِﺐ ﻣﺎ َﻋ َﺮض ﻋ َﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﺒﺎ ِب »ﺑﻨﻲ َﺷﻴْﺒَ َﺔ« — ﻫﺬا — ﻋﺘَﺒﺎ ٌت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺠﺎ َر ِة اﻟ ِﻌﻈﺎ ِم‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺄَﻧﻬﺎ َﻣﺼﺎ ِﻃ ُﺐ ُﺻ ﱠﻔﺖ أَﻣﺎم اﻷَﺑﻮا ِب اﻟﺜﱠﻼﺛ ِﺔ ال َمﻨْﺴﻮﺑ ِﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﻲ » َﺷﻴْﺒ َﺔ« ذُﻛﺮ ﻟﻨَﺎ أَﻧﻬﺎ اﻷَﺻﻨﺎ ُم‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ َﻛﺎﻧﺖ » ُﻗﺮﻳْ ٌﺶ« ﺗﻌﺒُ ُﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺟﺎ ِﻫﻠﻴﱠﺘِﻬﺎ — و َﻛﺒيرُﻫﺎ » ُﻫﺒَ ُﻞ« ﺑﻴﻨَﻬﺎ — ﻗﺪ ُﻛﺒﱠ ْﺖ ) ُﻗﻠﺒَ ْﺖ(‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ ُوﺟﻮ ِﻫﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻄ ُﺆﻫﺎ اﻷَﻗﺪا ُم‪ ،‬وﺗَﻤ ِﺘﻨُﻬﺎ ﺑﺄَﻧ ِﻌﻠ ِﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻮا ﱡم‪ ،‬وﻟﻢ ﺗُ ْﻐ ِﻦ ﻋﻦ أَﻧ ُﻔ ِﺴﻬﺎ — ﻓ ْﻀ ًﻼ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎ ِﺑﺪﻳﻬﺎ — َﺷﻴﺌًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓ ُﺴﺒﺤﺎ َن ال ُمﻨ َﻔ ِﺮ ِد ﺑﺎﻟ َﻮﺣﺪاﻧﻴﱠ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ إِﻟ َﻪ ِﺳﻮا ُه‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟ ﱠﺼﺤﻴ ُﺢ ﰲ أَﻣ ِﺮ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺤﺠﺎرة أَن اﻟﻨﱠﺒ ﱠﻲ أَﻣ َﺮ ﻳ ْﻮ َم ﻓﺘْﺢ »ﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ« ﺑ َﻜ ِﴪ اﻷَﺻﻨﺎ ِم‬ ‫وإِﺣﺮا ِﻗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫أَ ﱠﻣﺎ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺬي ﻧُﻘ َﻞ إِﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻏيرُ َﺻﺤﻴ ٍﺢ‪ .‬وإِﻧﱠﻤﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺒﺎب ﺣﺠﺎر ٌة َﻣﻨﻘﻮﻟ ٌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻗﺪ َﺷﺒﱠ َﻬﻬﺎ اﻟ َﻘﻮ ُم ِﺑﺎﻷَﺻﻨﺎ ِم ِﻟ ِﻌ َﻈﻤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪76‬‬

‫آﺛﺎر َﻣ ّﻜﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ﺟﺒَ ُﻞ ِﺣﺮاءَ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ِﺟﺒَﺎ ِل ﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ ال َمﺸﻬﻮ َر ِة — ﺑﻌ َﺪ ﺟﺒﻞ »أَﺑﻲ ُﻗﺒَﻴﺲ« »ﺟﺒ ُﻞ ِﺣﺮا َء« وﻫﻮ ﰲ اﻟﴩ ِق َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫ِﻣﻘﺪار ﻓ ْﺮﺳ ٍﺦ أَو ﻧﺤﻮ ِه‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ِﴩ ٌف َﻋ َﲆ » ِﻣﻨًﻰ«‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗ ِﻔ ٌﻊ ﰲ اﻟﻬﻮا ِء‪َ ،‬ﻋﺎ ِﱄ اﻟ ُﻘﻨﱠ ِﺔ ) َرأْ ِس ا ْﻟ َﺠﺒَﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻗ ْﺪ َﻛﺎن اﻟﻨﱠﺒ ﱡﻲ َﻛﺜيرًا ﻣﺎ ﻳ ُﺰو ُر ﻫﺬا اﻟ َﺠﺒ َﻞ وﻳَﺘَ َﻌﺒﱠ ُﺪ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وأَو ُل آﻳﺔ ﻧَ َﺰ َﻟ ْﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻘﺮآ ِن َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻨﺒ ﱢﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧَ َﺰﻟ ْﺖ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺠﺒﻞ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ آﺧﺬٌ ﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻐﺮ ِب إِﱃ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸﻤﺎ ِل‪ .‬وورا َء َﻃ َﺮﻓ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻤﺎﱄﱢ ﺟﺒﱠﺎﻧ ُﺔ »ا ْﻟ َﺤ ُﺠﻮ ِن« اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘ ﱠﺪم ذ ْﻛ ُﺮﻫﺎ‪ .‬وﺳﻮ ُر »ﻣﻜ َﺔ« إِﻧﱠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬ ِﺔ »ال َم ْﻌ َﲆ«‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َﻣﺪ َﺧ ٌﻞ إﱃ اﻟﺒ َﻠ ِﺪ‪ .‬وﻣﻦ ﺟﻬ ِﺔ »ال َم ْﺴﻔﻞ«‪ ،‬وﻫ َﻮ ﻣﺪﺧ ٌﻞ أَﻳ ًﻀﺎ‬ ‫إِﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺑﺎ ِب اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮ ِة‪.‬‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋ ُﺮ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧ ِﺐ ِﺟﺒﺎ ٌل ﻻ ﻳُ ْﺤﺘَﺎ ُج ﻣﻌﻬﺎ إِﱃ ُﺳﻮر‪.‬‬ ‫و ُﺳﻮ ُرﻫﺎ اﻟﻴﻮ َم ُﻣﻨْﻬ ِﺪ ٌم‪ ،‬إِﻻ آﺛﺎ ُر ُه اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وأَﺑﻮاﺑ ُﻪ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤ ُﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (10‬ﻣﺸﺎ ِﻫ ُﺪ » َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ«‬ ‫»ﻣﻜ ُﺔ« — َ ﱠﴍ َﻓﻬﺎ ﷲُ — ﻛ ﱡﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﻬ ٌﺪ ﻛﺮﻳ ٌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻔﺎﻫﺎ ﴍ ًﻓﺎ ﻣﺎ َﺧ ﱠﺼﻬﺎ ﷲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ َﻣﺜَﺎﺑ ِﺔ‬ ‫) َﻣﻜﺎ ِن( ﺑﻴ ِﺘﻪ اﻟﻌﻈﻴ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣ ْﻦ دﻋﻮة اﻟﺨﻠﻴﻞ »إِﺑﺮاﻫﻴ َﻢ«‪ ،‬وأَﻧﱠﻬﺎ َﺣﺮ ُم ِﷲ وأَ ْﻣﻨُ ُﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻛﻔﺎﻫﺎ أَﻧﱠﻬﺎ َﻣﻨْ َﺸﺄُ اﻟﻨﺒ ﱢﻲ اﻟﺬي آﺛَ َﺮ ُه ﷲُ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﱠ ْﴩﻳ ِﻒ واﻟﺘ ْﻜ ِﺮﻳ ِﻢ‪ ،‬واﺑﺘﻌﺜَ ُﻪ ﺑﺎﻵﻳﺎت واﻟ ﱢﺬﻛ ِﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻜﻴ ِﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬ َﻲ ﻣﺒﺪأُ ﻧُ ُﺰو ِل اﻟﻮ ْﺣ ِﻲ واﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬وأَو ُل َﻣﻬ ِﺒ ِﻂ اﻟ ﱡﺮوح اﻷَِﻣي ِن »ﺟﱪﻳ َﻞ«‪ ،‬وﻛﺎﻧ ْﺖ‬ ‫‪77‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫َﻣﺜﺎﺑ َﺔ أَﻧﺒﻴﺎ ِء ِﷲ و ُر ُﺳﻠ ِﻪ اﻷَ ْﻛ َﺮ ِﻣي َن‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ أَﻳْ ًﻀﺎ َﻣ ْﺴ ِﻘ ُﻂ ُرءو ِس ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺤﺎﺑ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮ ِﺷﻴﱢي َن ال ُمﻬﺎ ِﺟ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﷲُ ﻣﺼﺎﺑﻴ َﺢ اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ وﻧُﺠﻮ ًﻣﺎ ﻟﻠ ُﻤ ْﻬﺘ ِﺪﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻓ ِﻤ ْﻦ ﻣﺸﺎ ِﻫﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺎﻳَﻨﺎﻫﺎ » ُﻗﺒﱠ ُﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﻲ«‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﰲ دار » َﺧﺪﻳﺠﺔ« أُ ﱢم ال ُم ْﺆﻣﻨي َن ر َﴈ ﷲُ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎن‬ ‫زوا ُج اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺑﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻗﺒ ٌﺔ ﺻﻐير ٌة أَﻳْ ًﻀﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺪا ِر ال َمﺬﻛﻮر ِة‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎن َﻣﻮﻟ ُﺪ »ﻓﺎﻃ َﻤﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺰﻫﺮاءِ«‬ ‫ر َﴈ ﷲُ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻬﺎ أَﻳْ ًﻀﺎ َو َﻟ َﺪ ْت َﺳﻴﱢ َﺪ ْي ﺷﺒﺎ ِب أَ ْﻫ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺠﻨﱠ ِﺔ‪» :‬اﻟ َﺤ َﺴ َﻦ« و»اﻟ ُﺤ َﺴ ْي َن« ر َﴈ‬ ‫ﷲُ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬه ال َمﻮاﺿ ُﻊ ال ُمﻘ ﱠﺪﺳ ُﺔ ُﻣ ْﻐ َﻠﻘ ٌﺔ َﻣﺼﻮﻧَ ٌﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺑُﻨِﻴَ ْﺖ ِﺑﻨﺎ ًء ﻳَﻠﻴ ُﻖ ِﺑ ِﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (11‬ﻣﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﻨﺒ ﱢﻲ‬ ‫وﻣ ْﻦ َﻣﺸﺎ ِﻫ ِﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻤ ِﺔ أَﻳ ًﻀﺎ َﻣ ْﻮﻟِ ُﺪ اﻟﻨﺒ ﱢﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟ ُﱰْﺑَ ُﺔ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎ ِﻫ َﺮ ُة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻫﻲ أَ ﱠو ُل ﺗُ ْﺮﺑ ٍﺔ ﻣ ﱠﺴ ْﺖ‬ ‫ِﺟﺴ َﻤ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎ ِﻫ َﺮ‪ .‬ﺑُ ِﻨ َﻲ ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ ﻣﺴﺠ ٌﺪ ﻟﻢ ﻳُ َﺮ أَ ْﺣ َﻔ ُﻞ ِﺑﻨﺎ ًء ﻣﻨ ُﻪ‪ ،‬أَ ْﻛﺜَ ُﺮ ُه ذَ َﻫ ٌﺐ ُﻣﻨَ ﱠﺰ ٌل ﺑ ِﻪ‪ .‬وال َم ْﻮ ِﺿ ُﻊ‬ ‫ال ُمﻘ ﱠﺪ ُس اﻟﺬي َﺳ َﻘ َﻂ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﷺ ﺳﺎ َﻋ َﺔ اﻟ ِﻮﻻ َد ِة اﻟ ﱠﺴ ِﻌﻴ َﺪ ِة ال ُمﺒﺎ َرﻛ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﻌ َﻠﻬﺎ ﷲُ رﺣﻤ ًﺔ ﻟﻸُ ﱠﻣ ِﺔ‬ ‫أَ ْﺟ َﻤ ِﻌي َن‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﺤ ُﻔﻮ ٌف ﺑﺎﻟ ِﻔ ﱠﻀ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓﻴﺎ َﻟﻬﺎ ﺗُ ْﺮﺑَ ًﺔ َ ﱠﴍ َﻓﻬﺎ ﷲُ ﺑﺄَ ْن ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ َﻣ ْﺴ ِﻘ َﻂ أَ ْﻃ َﻬ ِﺮ اﻷَ ْﺟﺴﺎ ِم‪ ،‬وﻣﻮﻟ َﺪ َﺧ ْي ِر اﻷَﻧﺎ ِم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳُ ْﻔﺘَ ُﺢ ﻫﺬا ال َمﻮﺿ ُﻊ ال ُمﺒﺎر ُك ﻓﻴَ ْﺪ ُﺧﻠُ ُﻪ اﻟﻨﺎ ُس ﻛﺎ ﱠﻓ ًﺔ ُﻣﺘَ َ ﱢﱪ ِﻛي َن ﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺷﻬ ِﺮ رﺑﻴ ٍﻊ اﻷَ ﱠول‬ ‫وﻳﻮ ِم اﻹﺛﻨي ِن ﻣﻨ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷَﻧﱠ ُﻪ ﻛﺎ َن ﺷﻬ َﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﻨﺒ ﱢﻲ‪ ،‬و ِﰲ ذﻟﻚ ا ْﻟﻴَ ْﻮ ِم ُوﻟِ َﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺗُ ْﻔﺘَ ُﺢ المﻮاﺿ ُﻊ المﻘﺪﺳ ُﺔ ﻛ ﱡﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ﻳﻮ ٌم ﻣﺸﻬﻮ ٌد ﺑﻤﻜﺔ داﺋ ًﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (12‬دار اﻟﺨﻴ ُﺰران‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َﻣﺸﺎﻫ ِﺪﻫﺎ أَﻳْ ًﻀﺎ »دا ُر اﻟ َﺨﻴْ ُﺰرا ِن«‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ اﻟﺪا ُر اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻨﺒ ﱡﻲ ﷺ ﻳَ ْﻌﺒُ ُﺪ ﷲَ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ِ ٍّﴎا ﻣﻊ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﺋﻔ ِﺔ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻤ ِﺔ ال ُمﺒﺎ ِد َر ِة ﻟ ِﻺﺳﻼ ِم ﻣﻦ أَﺻﺤﺎ ِﺑﻪ‪ ،‬رﴈ ﷲُ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧَ َ َﴩ ﷲ‬ ‫ا ِﻹﺳﻼ َم ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻳَ َﺪي اﻟﻔﺎرو ِق » ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎ ِب«‪.‬‬ ‫‪78‬‬

‫آﺛﺎر َﻣ ّﻜﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (13‬آﺛﺎر دارﺳﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻬﺎ دا ُر »أَﺑﻲ ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟ ﱢﺼ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻖ« ر َﴈ ﷲُ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ اﻟﻴﻮ َم دارﺳ ُﺔ اﻷَﺛَ ِﺮ‪َ .‬وﺛَ ﱠﻢ ) ُﻫﻨﺎ َك(‬ ‫ﻗﺒ ٌﺔ ﺑين »اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ« و»ال َم ْﺮ َو ِة« ﺗُﻨْ َﺴ ُﺐ ﻟ» ُﻋ َﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎ ِب« رﴈ ﷲُ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ‪ ،‬وﰲ َو َﺳ ِﻄﻬﺎ ﺑ ْﱤٌ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺎ ُل إِﻧﱠ ُﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻳَ ْﺠ ِﻠ ُﺲ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﺒ ِﺔ ﻟﻠ ُﺤ ْﻜ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺼﺤﻴ ُﺢ أَﻧﱠﻬﺎ ُﻗﺒﱠ ُﺔ ِﺳﺒْ ِﻄﻪ‪ُ » :‬ﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳ ِﺰ«‪ ،‬و ِﻫ َﻲ ﺑ ِﺈزاءِ دا ِره ال َمﻨﺴﻮﺑ ِﺔ إِﻟﻴ ِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺠﻠ ُﺲ ﻟﻠ ُﺤ ْﻜ َﻢ أَﻳﱠﺎ َم ﺗَﻮ ﱢﻟﻴ ِﻪ » َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺎ ُل‪ :‬إِ ﱠن اﻟ ِﺒ ْ َﱤ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺪﻳ ِﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺑ ْﱤَ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻵ َن؛ ﻷَﻧﱠﺎ َد َﺧ ْﻠﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﺄَ ْﻟﻔﻴْﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺴ ﱠﻄ َﺤ ًﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ َﺣ ِﻔﻴ َﻠ ُﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻨْ َﻌ ِﺔ )اﻟ ﱠﺼﻨْ َﻌ ُﺔ ِﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺜيرة َﺟﻴﱢﺪة(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (14‬ذ ْﻛ َﺮﻳﺎ ٌت ﻧَﺒَﻮﻳﱠﺔ‬ ‫و ِﺑﺠﻬ ِﺔ »ال َم ْﺴ َﻔ ِﻞ«‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ آﺧ ُﺮ اﻟﺒَ َﻠ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺠ ٌﺪ ﻣﻨﺴﻮ ٌب ﻷَﺑﻲ ﺑﻜ ٍﺮ اﻟ ﱢﺼ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻖ — ر َﴈ ﷲ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ‬ ‫— ﻳَ ُﺤ ﱡﻒ ﺑ ِﻪ ﺑُ ْﺴﺘﺎ ٌن َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻨﱠ ِﺨﻴ ُﻞ واﻟ ﱡﺮ ﱠﻣﺎ ُن و َﺷ َﺠ ُﺮ اﻟ ُﻌﻨﱠﺎ ِب‪ ،‬وﻋﺎﻳَﻨﱠﺎ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﺷﺠﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﺤﻨﱠﺎ ِء‪.‬‬ ‫وأَﻣﺎ َم ال َمﺴﺠ ِﺪ ﺑﻴ ٌﺖ ﺻﻐيرٌ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣﺤﺮا ٌب‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎ ُل إِﻧ ُﻪ ﻛﺎن ُﻣ ْﺨﺘَﺒَﺄً ﻟﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ ال ُم ْ ِﴩﻛي َن‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎ ِﻟ ِﺒي َن ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻋ َﲆ َﻣ ْﻘ َﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ دار »ﺧﺪﻳﺠ َﺔ« رﴈ ﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟ ﱡﺰﻗﺎ ِق اﻟﺬي ﺑﻪ اﻟﺪا ُر ال ُم َﻜ ﱠﺮﻣ ُﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﺼ َﻄﺒَ ٌﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ُﻣﺘﱠ َﻜﺄٌ ﻳَ ْﻘ ِﺼ ُﺪ اﻟﻨﺎ ُس إِﻟﻴﻬﺎ وﻳُ َﺼ ﱡﻠﻮ َن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷَ ﱠن اﻟﻨﺒ ﱠﻲ ﷺ ﻛﺎن ﻳُ ِﻄﻴ ُﻞ اﻟ ُﻘ ُﻌﻮ َد‬ ‫ﰲ َﻣ ْﻮ ِﺿ ِﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (15‬ﺟﺒﻞ ﺛ ْﻮر‬ ‫و ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟﺠﺒﺎ ِل اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أَﺛَ ٌﺮ ﻛﺮﻳ ٌﻢ‪ ،‬وﻣﺸﻬ ٌﺪ ﻋﻈﻴ ٌﻢ‪ ،‬اﻟﺠﺒ ُﻞ ال َمﻌ ُﺮو ُف ﺑﺠﺒﻞ ﺛَ ْﻮر‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻬ ِﺔ ا ْﻟﻴَ َﻤ ِﻨﻴﱠ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ »ﻣﻜ َﺔ«‪َ ،‬ﻋ َﲆ ِﻣﻘﺪار َﻓ ْﺮ َﺳ ٍﺦ‪ ،‬أَ ْو أَ ْزﻳَ َﺪ‪ .‬وﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻐﺎ ُر اﻟﺬي آ َوى إِﻟﻴ ِﻪ اﻟﻨﺒ ﱡﻲ‬ ‫ﷺ ﻣﻊ ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺒ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱢﺼ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻖ رﴈ ﷲ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ْﺴﺒَﻤﺎ َذ َﻛ َﺮ ﷲُ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ِﻪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳ ِﺰ‪ ،‬وﺧ ﱠﺺ‬ ‫ﷲُ ﻧَ ِﺒﻴﱠ ُﻪ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﺑﺂﻳﺎ ٍت ﺑَﻴﱢﻨﺎ ٍت‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ أَﻧﱠ ُﻪ — ﷺ — َد َﺧﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺒ ِﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ِﺷ ﱟﻖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺛُﻠُﺜﺎ ِﺷ ْﱪ‪،‬‬ ‫و ُﻃﻮﻟُ ُﻪ ِذرا ٌع‪ ،‬ﻓﻠ ﱠﻤﺎ أَﻃﻤﺄَﻧﱠﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ أَ َﻣ َﺮ ﷲ اﻟ َﻌﻨْ َﻜﺒُﻮ َت ﻓﺎﺗﺨﺬ ْت ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑَﻴْﺘًﺎ‪ ،‬وا ْﻟ َﺤﻤﺎ َم َﻓ َﺼﻨَ َﻌ ْﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُﻋ ٍّﺸﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻓ ﱠﺮ َﺧ ْﺖ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪79‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧْﺘَﻬﻰ ال ُم ْﴩ ُﻛﻮ َن إِﻟﻴ ِﻪ ﺑﺪﻟﻴ ِﻞ َﻗ ﱠﺼﺎ ٍص ﻟﻸَﺛَﺮ‪َ .‬ﻓ َﻮ َﻗﻒ ﻟﻬﻢ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻐﺎ ِر‪ .‬وﻗﺎل‪» :‬ﻫ ُﻬﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﻧ َﻘ َﻄ َﻊ اﻷَﺛَ ُﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓ ِﺈ ﱠﻣﺎ ُﺻ ِﻌ َﺪ ﺑﺼﺎ ِﺣ ِﺒﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫ ُﻬﻨﺎ إِﱃ اﻟﺴﻤﺎءِ‪ ،‬أَ ْو ِﻏﻴ َﺾ ِﺑ ِﻪ ﰲ اﻷَ ْر ِض«‪.‬‬ ‫ورأَ ُوا اﻟ َﻌﻨْ َﻜﺒُﻮ َت ﻧﺎ ِﺳﺠ ًﺔ َﻋ َﲆ َﻓ ِﻢ اﻟﻐﺎر‪ ،‬وا ْﻟ َﺤﻤﺎ َم ُﻣ َﻔ ﱢﺮ َﺧ ًﺔ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮا‪» :‬ﻣﺎ َد َﺧ َﻞ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫أَ َﺣ ٌﺪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄَﺧﺬوا ﰲ ا ِﻻﻧﴫاف‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻋ َﲆ َﻣ ْﻘ َﺮﺑ ٍﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻐﺎ ِر — ﰲ ا ْﻟ َﺠﺒ ِﻞ ﺑ َﻌﻴﻨِ ِﻪ — ﻋﻤﻮ ٌد ُﻣﻨْ َﻘ ِﻄ ٌﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎ َم‬ ‫ِﺷﺒْ َﻪ اﻟ ﱢﺬرا ِع ال ُم ْﺮﺗَ ِﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﺪا ِر ِﻧ ْﺼ ِﻒ اﻟﻘﺎﻣ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻧْﺒَ َﺴ َﻂ ﻟﻪ ﰲ أَ ْﻋﻼ ُه ِﺷﺒْ ُﻪ اﻟ َﻜ ﱢﻒ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎر ًﺟﺎ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﱢرا ِع ﻛﺄَﻧﱠ ُﻪ اﻟ ُﻘﺒﱠ ُﺔ ال َمﺒْ ُﺴﻮ َﻃﺔ ﺑﻘﺪر ِة ِﷲ‪ ،‬ﻳﺴﺘَ ِﻈ ﱡﻞ ﺗﺤﺘَﻬﺎ ﻧﺤ ُﻮ اﻟﻌﴩﻳﻦ رﺟ ًﻼ‪ ،‬وﺗُ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒ َﺔ »ﺟﱪﻳ َﻞ«‪.‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻃ ّﻴﺒﺎت َﻣ ّﻜﺔ‬ ‫)‪ِ (1‬ﺗﺠﺎ َر ُة » َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ«‬ ‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒَﻠﺪ ُة ال ُمﺒﺎ َرﻛ ُﺔ َﺳﺒ َﻘ ْﺖ ﻟﻬﺎ وﻷَﻫ ِﻠﻬﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺪﻋﻮ ُة اﻟ َﺨﻠﻴﻠﻴﱠ ُﺔ ا ِﻹﺑﺮاﻫﻴ ِﻤﻴﱠ ُﺔ؛ وذﻟﻚ أَ ﱠن ﷲ — ﻋ ﱠﺰ‬ ‫وﺟ ﱠﻞ — ﻳﻘﻮ ُل ﺣﺎ ِﻛﻴًﺎ ﻋﻦ َﺧﻠﻴﻠِﻪ ﷺ‪َ ﴿ :‬ﻓﺎ ْﺟ َﻌ ْﻞ أَ ْﻓ ِﺌ َﺪ ًة ﱢﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِس ﺗَ ْﻬ ِﻮي إِ َﻟﻴْ ِﻬ ْﻢ َوا ْر ُز ْﻗ ُﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﱢﻣ َﻦ اﻟﺜﱠ َﻤ َﺮا ِت َﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﻳَ ْﺸ ُﻜ ُﺮو َن﴾‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﻋ ﱠﺰ وﺟ ﱠﻞ‪﴿ :‬أَ َو َﻟ ْﻢ ﻧُ َﻤ ﱢﻜﻦ ﱠﻟ ُﻬ ْﻢ َﺣ َﺮ ًﻣﺎ آ ِﻣﻨًﺎ ﻳُ ْﺠﺒَ ٰﻰ إِ َﻟﻴْ ِﻪ ﺛَ َﻤ َﺮا ُت ُﻛ ﱢﻞ َ ْﳾ ٍء﴾‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓ ُﱪﻫﺎ ُن ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻇﺎﻫ ٌﺮ ُﻣﺘﱠﺼ ٌﻞ إِﱃ ﻳﻮم اﻟ ِﻘﻴﺎﻣ ِﺔ‪ .‬وذﻟﻚ أَ ﱠن أَﻓﺌ َﺪ َة اﻟﻨﺎ ِس ﺗَ ْﻬﻮي إِﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ اﻷَﺻﻘﺎع اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِﺋﻴَ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻷَﻗﻄﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎﺣ َﻄ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳ ُﻖ إِﻟﻴﻬﺎ ُﻣﻠﺘَ َﻘﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِد ِر واﻟﻮار ِد؛ ِﻣ ﱠﻤﻦ ﺑَﻠ َﻐﺘ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺪﻋﻮ ُة ال ُمﺒﺎ َرﻛ ُﺔ‪ .‬واﻟﺜﻤﺮا ُت ﺗُﺠﺒَﻰ‬ ‫إِﻟﻴْﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ أَﻛﺜَ ُﺮ اﻟﺒﻼد ِﻧ َﻌ ًﻤﺎ وﻓﻮا ِﻛ َﻪ وﻣﻨﺎ ِﻓ َﻊ و َﻣﺮا ِﻓﻖ وﻣﺘﺎﺟ َﺮ‪ .‬وﻟﻮ ﻟﻢ ﻳ ُﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ال َمﺘﺎﺟﺮ إِﻻ أَوا ُن ال َم ْﻮ ِﺳﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻔﻴ ِﻪ ُﻣﺠﺘ َﻤ ُﻊ أَﻫ ِﻞ ال َم ِﴩ ِق وال َمﻐ ِﺮ ِب‪ ،‬ﻓﻴُﺒﺎ ُع ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻳﻮ ٍم‬ ‫واﺣﺪ — ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺬﺧﺎﺋ ِﺮ اﻟﻨﱠﻔﻴﺴ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎ ْﻟ َﺠﻮﻫ ِﺮ واﻟﻴَﺎﻗﻮت وﺳﺎﺋ ِﺮ اﻷَﺣﺠﺎ ِر‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ أَﻧﻮا ِع اﻟ ﱢﻄﻴ ِﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎلِم ْﺴ ِﻚ واﻟﻜﺎ ُﻓﻮ ِر واﻟ َﻌﻨْ َ ِﱪ واﻟ ُﻌﻮد واﻟﻌ َﻘﺎﻗير اﻟ ِﻬﻨﺪﻳﱢَ ِﺔ‪ ،‬إِﱃ ﻏي ِر ذﻟﻚ ِﻣ ﱠﻤﺎ ﻳُ ْﺠ َﻠ ُﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻬﻨْﺪ‬ ‫وا ْﻟﺤﺒ َﺸ ِﺔ‪ ،‬إِﱃ اﻷَﻣ ِﺘ ِﻌ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻌﺮاﻗﻴﱠ ِﺔ واﻟﻴﻤﺎﻧﻴﱠ ِﺔ‪ ،‬إِﱃ ﻏي ِر ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺴ َﻠ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﱠ ِﺔ واﻟﺒ َﻀﺎ ِﺋ ِﻊ‬ ‫ال َم ْﻐ ِﺮﺑﻴﱠﺔ‪ ،‬إِﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳَﻨﺤ ِ ُﴫ وﻻ ﻳَﻨْ َﻀ ِﺒ ُﻂ — ﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ ُﻓ ﱢﺮ َق َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﺒﻼ ِد ﻛ ﱢﻠﻬﺎ ﻷَﻗﺎ َم ﻟﻬﺎ اﻷَﺳﻮا َق‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِﻓ َﻘ َﺔ )اﻟﺮاﺋ َﺠ َﺔ(‪ ،‬و َﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻢ َﺟﻤﻴ َﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺎل َمﻨْ َﻔﻌ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﱢﺠﺎ ِرﻳﱠ ِﺔ‪ .‬ﻛ ﱡﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺛ َﻤﺎﻧﻴ ِﺔ أَﻳﱠﺎ ٍم ﺑﻌ َﺪ ال َم ْﻮ ِﺳ ِﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎ َﳽ ﻣﺎ ﻳَﻄ َﺮأُ ﺑﻬﺎ — ﻣﻊ ُﻃﻮ ِل اﻷَﻳﱠﺎ ِم — ﻣﻦ »اﻟﻴَ َﻤ ِﻦ« و ِﺳﻮاﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫َﻓﻤﺎ َﻋ َﲆ اﻷَ ْر ِض ِﺳﻠﻌ ٌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺴﻠ ِﻊ وﻻ ذَﺧير ٌة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﱠﺧﺎﺋ ِﺮ إِﻻ وﻫﻲ َﻣﻮﺟﻮد ٌة ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ُﻣ ﱠﺪ َة‬ ‫ال َم ْﻮ ِﺳ ِﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﺬه ِﻣﻦ اﻵﻳﺎ ِت اﻟﺘﻲ َﺧ ﱠﺼﻬﺎ ﷲُ ﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻓﺎ ِﻛ َﻬﺔ » َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ«‬ ‫أَ ﱠﻣﺎ اﻷَرزا ُق واﻟ َﻔﻮاﻛ ُﻪ وﺳﺎﺋ ُﺮ اﻟ ﱠﻄﻴﺒﺎ ِت‪ ،‬ﻓ ُﻜﻨﱠﺎ ﻧ ُﻈ ﱡﻦ أَ ﱠن اﻷَﻧﺪﻟُ َﺲ ا ْﺧﺘَ ﱠﺼﺖ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺤ ﱟﻆ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ال َم ِﺰﻳﱠ ُﺔ َﻋ َﲆ ﺳﺎﺋ ِﺮ ُﺣﻈﻮ ِظ اﻟﺒﻼ ِد‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ َﺣ َﻠ ْﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟ ِﺒﻼ ِد ال ُمﺒﺎ َرﻛ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄَ ْﻟ َﻔﻴْﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺗ َﻐ ﱡﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﱢ َﻌﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻮاﻛ ِﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﱢين واﻟ ِﻌﻨَ ِﺐ واﻟ ﱡﺮ ﱠﻣﺎ ِن واﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻔ ْﺮ َﺟ ِﻞ وا ْﻟﺨ ْﻮ ِخ واﻷُﺗْ ُﺮ ﱢج ) َو ُﻫﻮ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﺟﻨْ ِﺲ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ َرﻧْ ِﺞ‪،‬‬ ‫واﺳﻤﻪ أﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱡﱰْﻧْ ُﺞ(‪ ،‬وا ْﻟ َﺠﻮ ِز وال ُم ْﻘﻞ )ﺛَ َﻤ ِﺮ ﺷﺠﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺪ ْو ِم( وﺑﺎﻟ ِﺒ ﱢﻄﻴ ِﺦ واﻟ ِﻘﺜﱠﺎ ِء وا ْﻟ ِﺨﻴﺎر‪ ،‬إﱃ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴ ِﻊ اﻟﺒُﻘﻮل ﻛ ﱢﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺎ ِذﻧﺠﺎن واﻟ ُﻜﺮﻧ ِﺐ وا ْﻟ َﺠ َﺰ ِر واﻟﻴَ ْﻘ ِﻄين )اﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ ِع ال ُمﺴﺘَ ِﺪﻳ ِﺮ( واﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻠ َﺠ ِﻢ‬ ‫)ا ﱢﻟﻠ ْﻔ ِﺖ(‪ ،‬إﱃ ﻏي ِر ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺮﻳَﺎ ِﺣين اﻟ َﻌ ِﺒ َﻘ ِﺔ وال َم ْﺸﻤﻮﻣﺎ ِت اﻟ َﻌ ِﻄ َﺮ ِة‪ .‬وأﻛﺜ ُﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒُ ُﻘﻮ ِل‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺎ ِذﻧﺠﺎ ِن واﻟ ِﻘﺜﱠﺎءِ واﻟ ِﺒ ﱢﻄﻴ ِﺦ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﺎ ُد ﻳَﻨﻘ ِﻄ ُﻊ — ﻣﻊ ُﻃﻮ ِل اﻟﻌﺎ ِم — وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ َﻋﺠﻴ ِﺐ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺎ َﻫﺪﻧﺎه ﻣ ّﻤﺎ ﻳَ ُﻄﻮ ُل ﺗَﻌﺪاد ُه و ِذ ْﻛ ُﺮه‪ .‬وﻟﻜ ﱢﻞ ﻧَ ْﻮع — ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻧﻮا ِع — َﻓﻀﻴﻠ ٌﺔ َﻣﻮﺟﻮ َد ٌة‬ ‫ﰲ ﺣﺎ ﱠﺳ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺬ ْو ِق‪ ،‬ﻳَ ْﻔ ُﻀ ُﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻧﻮ َﻋﻬﺎ ال َمﻮﺟﻮ َد ﰲ ﺳﺎﺋ ِﺮ اﻟ ِﺒﻼ ِد‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ُﺐ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻳَﻄﻮ ُل‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ أﻋﺠﺐ ﻣﺎ ا ْﺧﺘ َ ْﱪﻧﺎه ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮا ِﻛ ِﻬﻬﺎ اﻟ ِﺒ ﱢﻄﻴ ُﺦ واﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻔ ْﺮ َﺟ ُﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (3‬ﺑ ﱢﻄﻴﺦ »ﻣﻜﺔ«‬ ‫وﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻓﻮا ِﻛ ِﻬﻬﺎ َﻋ َﺠ ٌﺐ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜ ْﻦ ﻟﻠ ِﺒ ﱢﻄﻴ ِﺦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﺎ ﱠﺻ ٌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻔ ْﻀ ِﻞ ﻋﺠﻴﺒ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﻷَن راﺋﺤﺘَ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أَ ْﻋ َﻄ ِﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮواﺋ ِﺢ وأَﻃﻴَ ِﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳَ ْﺪ ُﺧ ُﻞ ﺑ ِﻪ اﻟﺪا ِﺧ ُﻞ ﻋﻠﻴ َﻚ ﻓﺘﺠ ُﺪ راﺋﺤﺘَ ُﻪ اﻟ َﻌﺒ َﻘ َﺔ ﻗﺪ َﺳﺒَ َﻘ ْﺖ إِﻟﻴ َﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﺎ ُد ﻳَ ْﺸﻐﻠُ َﻚ اﻻ ْﺳ ِﺘ ْﻤﺘَﺎ ُع ِﺑﻄﻴ ِﺐ َرﻳﱠﺎ ُه‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ أَ ْﻛ ِﻠ َﻚ إِﻳﱠﺎ ُه‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻰ إِذا ذُ ْﻗﺘَﻪ ُﺧﻴﱢ َﻞ إِﻟﻴ َﻚ أَﻧ ُﻪ ِﺷﻴ َﺐ‬ ‫ِﺑ ُﺴ ﱠﻜ ٍﺮ ُﻣﺬا ٍب‪ ،‬أو ِﺑ َﺠﻨَﻰ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺤ ِﻞ ا ﱡﻟﻠﺒﺎ ِب )اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻬ ِﺪ‪ ،‬أي‪ :‬اﻟ َﻌ َﺴ ِﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻟ ِﺺ(‪.‬‬ ‫َوﻟﻌ ﱠﻞ ُﻣﺘَ َﺼ ﱢﻔ َﺢ ﻫﺬه اﻷَﺣﺮ ِف ﻳَﻈ ﱡﻦ أ ﱠن ﰲ اﻟﻮﺻ ِﻒ ﺑﻌ َﺾ اﻟ ُﻐﻠُ ﱢﻮ‪ .‬ﻛﻼﱠ َﻟ َﻌ ْﻤ ُﺮ ِﷲ‪ .‬إﻧ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻷَ ْﻛﺜَ ُﺮ ِﻣ ّﻤﺎ َوﺻ ْﻔ ُﺖ‪ ،‬وﻓ ْﻮ َق ﻣﺎ ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪82‬‬

‫ﻃﻴّﺒﺎت َﻣ ّﻜﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻟﺬاﺋﺬ اﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ‬ ‫وﺑﻬﺎ َﻋ َﺴ ٌﻞ أَﻃﻴَ ُﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﺴﻞ ال َمﺎذ ﱢي‪ ،‬ال َم ْﴬو ِب ﺑ ِﻪ ال َمﺜَ ُﻞ‪ ،‬ﻳُ ْﻌ َﺮف ﻋﻨﺪ ُﻫﻢ ﺑﺎل َم ْﺴﻌﻮ ِد ﱢي‪ .‬وأَﻧﻮا ُع‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺒَ ِﻦ ﺑﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳ ٍﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱢﻄﻴﺐ‪ .‬وﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳُ ْﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻤ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓ ِﺈﻧ ُﻪ ﻻ ﺗﻜﺎ ُد ﺗُ َﻤﻴﱢ ُﺰ ُه ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ َﺴﻞ ِﻃﻴﺒًﺎ و َﻟﺬاذَ ًة‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳَ ْﺠﻠُ ُﺐ إِﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻗ ْﻮ ٌم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻴﻤ ِﻦ ﻳُ َﺴ ﱠﻤ ْﻮ َن »اﻟ ﱠ ْﴪ َو« ﻧ ْﻮ ًﻋﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺰ ِﺑﻴ ِﺐ اﻷَ ْﺳ َﻮ ِد واﻷَﺣﻤ ِﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ِﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﱢﻄﻴ ِﺐ‪َ ،‬وﻳﺠﻠُﺒﻮ َن ﻣﻌ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻮ ِز َﻛﺜيرًا‪ .‬وﺑﻬﺎ َﻗ َﺼ ُﺐ اﻟ ﱡﺴ ﱠﻜ ِﺮ أَﻳ ًﻀﺎ ﻛﺜيرٌ‪ ،‬ﻳُ ْﺠ َﻠ ُﺐ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻴْ ُﺚ ﺗُ ْﺠ َﻠ ُﺐ اﻟﺒُﻘﻮ ُل اﻟﺘﻲ ذ َﻛ ْﺮﻧﺎﻫﺎ‪ .‬واﻟﺴ ﱠﻜ ُﺮ ﺑﻬﺎ َﻛﺜيرٌ ﻣﺠﻠﻮ ٌب‪َ ،‬وﺳﺎﺋ ُﺮ اﻟﻨﱢ َﻌ ِﻢ واﻟﻄﻴﱢﺒﺎ ِت ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺮ ْزق‪ ،‬واﻟﺤﻤ ُﺪ للهِ‪ .‬وأَ ﱠﻣﺎ اﻟﺤ ْﻠ َﻮى ﻓﻴُ ْﺼﻨَ ُﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ أَﻧﻮا ٌع َﻏﺮﻳﺒ ٌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﺴ ِﻞ واﻟﺴ ﱠﻜ ِﺮ ال َمﻌﻘﻮ ِد‬ ‫ﻋ َﲆ ِﺻﻔﺎ ٍت ﺷﺘﱠﻰ‪ ،‬وإِﻧﻬﻢ ﻳَ ْﺼﻨﻌﻮن ﺑﻬﺎ ِﺣﻜﺎﻳﺎ ِت ﺟﻤﻴ ِﻊ اﻟﻔﻮاﻛ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺮﻃﺒ ِﺔ واﻟﻴﺎﺑﺴ ِﺔ )أَ ْي‬ ‫أَﻧﱠ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﻳ ْﻌﻤﻠﻮن َﺣ ْﻠﻮاءَ ﻋﲆ َﻫﻴْﺌ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﱢي ِن واﻟ ِﻌﻨَﺐ واﻟ ﱡﺮ ﱠﻣﺎن وﻏي ِرﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎ ِﻛ َﻬ ِﺔ(‪ .‬وﰲ اﻷَﺷﻬ ِﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﱠﻼﺛ ِﺔ‪َ :‬ر َﺟ ٍﺐ َوﺷﻌﺒﺎ َن ورﻣﻀﺎ َن‪ ،‬ﻳﺘ ِﺼ ُﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ أَﺳ ِﻤﻄ ٌﺔ ﺑين اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ وال َم ْﺮ َو ِة‪ .‬وﻟﻢ ﻳُﺸﺎ ِﻫ ْﺪ‬ ‫أَﺣ ٌﺪ أَﻛﻤ َﻞ َﻣﻨْ َﻈ ًﺮا ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﰲ »ﻣﴫ« وﻻ ﰲ ِﺳﻮاﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ُﺻ ﱢﻮ َر ْت ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺼﺎوﻳ ُﺮ إﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴ ٌﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﺎ ِﻛ ِﻬﻴﱠ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬و ُﺟ ِﻠﻴَﺖ ﰲ ِﻣﻨَ ﱠﺼﺎ ٍت ﻛﺄَﻧﻬﺎ اﻟ َﻌﺮا ِﺋ ُﺲ‪ ،‬وﻧُ ﱢﻀ َﺪت ﺑﺴﺎﺋ ِﺮ أﻧﻮاﻋﻬﺎ ال ُمﻨَ ﱠﻀ ِﺪة ال ُم َﻠ ﱠﻮﻧَ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻠﻮ ُح ﻛﺄَﻧﻬﺎ اﻷَزا ِﻫ ُﺮ ُﺣ ْﺴﻨًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘُ َﻘﻴﱢ ُﺪ اﻷَﺑﺼﺎ َر‪َ ،‬وﺗَ ْﺴﺘَﻨْ ِﺰ ُل اﻟ ﱢﺪ ْر َﻫ َﻢ واﻟ ﱢﺪﻳﻨﺎ َر‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ﻟُﺤﻮ ُم اﻟ ﱠﻀﺄْن‬ ‫َوأﻣﺎ ﻟُﺤﻮ ُم َﺿﺄْ ِﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻬﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺠ ُﺐ اﻟﻌﺠﻴ ُﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ َو َﻗﻊ اﻟ َﻘ ْﻄ ُﻊ واﻟ َﺠ ْﺰ ُم — ﻣﻦ ﻛ ﱢﻞ ﺳﺎﺋ ٍﺢ‬ ‫ﺗ َﻄ ﱠﻮف َﻋ َﲆ اﻵﻓﺎ ِق‪َ ،‬وﴐب ﻧﻮاﺣ َﻲ اﻷُﻗﻄﺎ ِر — أﻧﻬﺎ أ ْﻃﻴ ُﺐ َﻟ ْﺤ ٍﻢ ﻳُ ْﺆ َﻛ ُﻞ ﰲ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ .‬وﻣﺎ ذا َك‬ ‫— وﷲ أَ ْﻋ َﻠ ُﻢ — إِﻻﱠ ِﻟ َﱪﻛ ِﺔ َﻣﺮاﻋﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬا َﻋ َﲆ إِﻓﺮا ِط ِﺳ َﻤ ِﻨ ِﻪ‪َ .‬وﻟ ْﻮ ﻛﺎن ِﺳﻮا ُه ﻣﻦ ﻟُ ُﺤﻮ ِم اﻟﺒﻼ ِد‬ ‫ﻳَﻨْﺘَﻬﻲ ذﻟﻚ ال ُمﻨْﺘ َﻬﻰ ﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺴ َﻤﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻠ َﻔﻈﺘْ ُﻪ اﻷَ ْﻓﻮا ُه َوﻋﺎ َﻓﺘْ ُﻪ وﺗﺠﻨﱠﺒَﺘْ ُﻪ‪ .‬واﻷَﻣ ُﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬا ﺑﺎﻟ ﱢﻀ ﱢﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ازداد ِﺳ َﻤﻨًﺎ زاد ِت اﻟﻨﻔﻮ ُس ﻓﻴ ِﻪ رﻏﺒ ًﺔ و َﻗﺒﻮ ًﻻ‪ .‬ﻓﺘَ ِﺠ ُﺪه َﻫﻨﻴﺌًﺎ َر ْﺧ ًﺼﺎ )ﻟﻴﱢﻨًﺎ َﻃ ِﺮﻳٍّﺎ( ﻳﺬو ُب‬ ‫ﰲ اﻟ َﻔﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻳُﻼ َك َﻣ ْﻀ ًﻐﺎ‪ ،‬وﻳُ ْ ِﴪ ُع — ِﻟ ِﺨ ﱠﻔﺘ ِﻪ — ﰲ ال َم ِﻌ َﺪ ِة اﻧﻀﻬﺎ ًﻣﺎ‪ .‬وﻣﺎ أَرى ذﻟﻚ إﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻮا ﱢص اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒ ِﺔ‪ .‬وﺑَﺮﻛ ُﺔ اﻟﺒﻠ ِﺪ اﻷَﻣي ِن ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻠﻔ ْﺖ ِﺑﻄﻴ ِﺒﻪ‪ .‬وﷲُ ﻳَ ْﺠ َﻌ ُﻞ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ِر ْز ًﻗﺎ ِﻟ َﻤ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﺗَ َﺸ ﱠﻮ َق ﺑَ ْﻠ َﺪﺗَﻪ اﻟﺤﺮا َم‪ ،‬وﺗ َﻤﻨﱠﻰ ﻫﺬه ال َمﺸﺎ ِﻫ َﺪ اﻟ ِﻌﻈﺎ َم‪ ،‬وال َمﻨﺎ ِﺳ َﻚ اﻟ ِﻜﺮا َم‪.‬‬ ‫‪83‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫)‪َ (6‬ﻣ ْﻮ ِﻃ ُﻦ اﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﺔ‬ ‫وﻫﺬه اﻟﻔﻮاﻛ ُﻪ ﺗُ ْﺠ َﻠ ُﺐ إِﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎ ِﺋ ِﻒ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻋﲆ َﻣ ِﺴي َر ِة ﺛﻼﺛَ ِﺔ أَﻳﺎ ٍم ِﻣﻨﻬﺎ — ﻋﲆ اﻟ ﱢﺮ ْﻓ ِﻖ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﱡ َﺆ َد ِة — َﻛﻤﺎ ﺗُ ْﺠ َﻠ ُﺐ ﻣﻦ ُﻗ ًﺮى َﺣ ْﻮﻟﻬﺎ‪ .‬وأَ ْﻗﺮ ُب ﻫﺬه ال َمﻮاﺿ ِﻊ ُﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ » َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔ« ﻋﲆ َﻣ ِﺴي َر ِة‬ ‫ﻳَ ْﻮ ٍم — أَو أزﻳ َﺪ َﻗﻠﻴ ًﻼ — و ُﻫﻮ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺑَ ْﻄ ِﻦ »اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎ ِﺋﻒ«‪ ،‬وﻳَ ْﺤﺘَ ِﻮي ُﻗ ًﺮى ﻛ ِﺜير ًة‪ ،‬و ِﻣ ْﻦ »ﺑَ ْﻄﻦ‬ ‫َﻣ ﱟﺮ« ) َوﻳُﻘﺎ ُل َﻟ ُﻪ‪َ :‬ﻣ ﱡﺮ اﻟ ﱠﻈ ْﻬﺮا ِن(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴيرة ﻳﻮ ٍم أَو أَﻗ ﱠﻞ‪ .‬وﻣﻦ »ﻧَ ْﺨﻠ َﺔ«‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜ ِﻞ ﻫﺬه ال َمﺴﺎ َﻓ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ أَ ْودﻳ ٍﺔ ﺑﻘﺮ ٍب ﻣ َﻦ اﻟﺒﻠ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐ» َﻋ ْي ِن ُﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎ َن« و ِﺳﻮاﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ َﺟ َﻠ َﺐ ﷲُ‬ ‫إِﻟﻴﻬﺎ ِﻣ َﻦ ال َمﻐﺎرﺑَ ِﺔ — ذَ ِوي اﻟﺒَﺼﺎ َر ِة ﺑﺎﻟ ِﻔﻼ َﺣ ِﺔ واﻟ ﱢﺰراﻋ ِﺔ — ﻓﺄَﺣﺪﺛُﻮا ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑَﺴﺎﺗي َن َو َﻣﺰار َع‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻧﻮا أَﺣ َﺪ اﻷَ ْﺳﺒﺎ ِب ﰲ َﺧ ْﺼ ِﺐ ﻫﺬه اﻟ ِﺠﻬﺎ ِت‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ِﺑ َﻔ ْﻀﻞ ﷲ وﻛ ِﺮﻳ ِﻢ ا ْﻋ ِﺘﻨﺎ ِﺋﻪ ِﺑ َﺤﺮ ِﻣ ِﻪ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وﺑ َﻠ ِﺪه اﻷَِﻣي ِن‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (7‬اﻟ ﱡﺮ َﻃ ُﺐ‬ ‫واﻟ ﱡﺮ َﻃ ُﺐ ِﻣ ْﻦ أَﻏﺮ ِب ﻣﺎ أَﻟ َﻔﻴْﻨﺎ ُه‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﺳﺘَ ْﻤﺘَ ْﻌﻨﺎ ﺑﺄَ ْﻛ ِﻠ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وأَ ْﺟ َﺮﻳْﻨﺎ اﻟ َﺤﺪﻳ َﺚ ﺑﺎﺳ ِﺘ َﻄﺎﺑﺘِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ِﺳﻴﱠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﱠﻨﺎ َﻟ ْﻢ ﻧَﻌﻬ ْﺪ ُه‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ﻋﻨ َﺪﻫﻢ ِﺑ َﻤﻨﺰﻟ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﱢي ِن اﻷَ ْﺧ َ ِﴬ ﰲ َﺷ َﺠ ِﺮ ِه‪ ،‬ﻳُ ْﺠﻨَﻰ وﻳُ ْﺆ َﻛ ُﻞ‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ‬ ‫ِﻧﻬﺎﻳَ ٍﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱢﻄﻴ ِﺐ وا ﱠﻟﻠﺬا َذ ِة‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳُ ْﺴﺄَ ُم اﻟﺘﱠ َﻔ ﱡﻜ ُﻪ ﺑﻪ‪ .‬وإِﺑﱠﺎﻧُﻪ ِﻋﻨ َﺪ ُﻫ ْﻢ ﻋﻈﻴ ٌﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﺨﺮ ُج اﻟﻨﺎ ُس إﻟﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻛ ُﺨﺮوﺟﻬﻢ إﱃ اﻟ ﱠﻀﻴْ َﻌ ِﺔ )اﻷَ ْر ِض ال َم ْﺰ ُروﻋﺔ( أَو ﻛﺨﺮو ِج أَﻫ ِﻞ ال َمﻐﺮ ِب ﻟ ُﻘﺮاﻫﻢ أَﻳﱠﺎ َم ﻧُ ْﻀﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﱢي ِن واﻟ ِﻌﻨَ ِﺐ‪ .‬و ِﻋﻨْ َﺪ ﺗَﻨﺎ ِﻫﻲ ﻧُ ْﻀ ِﺠ ِﻪ ﻳُﺒْ َﺴ ُﻂ ﻋﲆ اﻷَر ِض — َﻗ ْﺪ َر ﻣﺎ ﻳَ ِﺠ ﱡﻒ َﻗ ِﻠﻴ ًﻼ — ﺛُ ﱠﻢ ﻳُ ْﺮ َﻛ ُﻢ‬ ‫ﺑَ ْﻌ ُﻀﻪ ﻋﲆ ﺑَ ْﻌﺾ ﰲ اﻟ ﱢﺴﻼ ِل واﻟﻈﺮو ِف وﻳُ ْﺮ َﻓ ُﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (8‬ﻇ ﱡﻞ اﻷَﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻣ ْﻦ ُﺻﻨْ ِﻊ ِﷲ اﻟ َﺠﻤﻴ ِﻞ َﻟﻨﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻓ ْﻀ ِﻠ ِﻪ اﻟ َﻌ ِﻤﻴ ِﻢ ﻋ َﻠﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬أَﻧﱠﺎ َو َﺻ ْﻠﻨﺎ إِﱃ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒَ ْﻠ َﺪ ِة ال ُم َﻜ ﱠﺮﻣ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄَ ْﻟ َﻔﻴْﻨﺎ ﻛ ﱠﻞ َﻣ ْﻦ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﺤ ﱠﺠﺎ ِج ال ُمﺠﺎ ِو ِرﻳ َﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣ ﱠﻤﻦ َﻗ ُﺪ َم ﻋﻬ ُﺪه ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻃﺎل ُﻣﻘﺎ ُﻣﻪ ﺑﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳَﺘﺤ ﱠﺪ ُث ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺠﺒًﺎ ﺑﺄَ ْﻣ ِﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﺤ ﱠﺮاﺑ ِﺔ ال ُمﺘَ َﻠ ﱢﺼﺼين ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺤﺎ ﱢج‪ ،‬ال ُمﺨﺘَ ِﻠ ِﺴي َن ﻣﺎ ﺑﺄَﻳْ ِﺪﻳ ِﻬ ْﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟ ِﺬﻳ َﻦ ﻛﺎﻧُﻮا آ َﻓ َﺔ اﻟ َﺤ َﺮ ِم اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩﻳ ِﻒ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳَ ْﻐ ُﻔ ُﻞ أَﺣ ٌﺪ ﻋﻦ َﻣﺘﺎﻋ ِﻪ َﻃ ْﺮﻓ َﺔ َﻋ ْين إِﻻ ا ْﺧﺘُ ِﻠ َﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻳَ َﺪﻳْﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫أَ ْو ِﻣ ْﻦ َو َﺳ ِﻄ ِﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﺑ ِﺤﻴﻞ ﻋﺠﻴﺒَ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟ َﻄﺎﻓ ٍﺔ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻨْ ُﻬﻢ إِﻻﱠ أَ َﺣ ﱡﺬ ﻳَ ِﺪ اﻟﻘ ِﻤﻴ ِﺺ ) َﺧ ِﻔﻴ ُﻒ‬ ‫‪84‬‬

‫ﻃﻴّﺒﺎت َﻣ ّﻜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻴَ ِﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ِر ٌع ﰲ اﻟ ﱠ ِﴪ َﻗ ِﺔ(‪ .‬ﻓﻜ َﻔﻰ ﷲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺎ َم َ ﱠﴍﻫﻢ — إِﻻﱠ اﻟ َﻘ ِﻠﻴ َﻞ — وأَﻇﻬ َﺮ أَﻣيرُ اﻟﺒﻠ ِﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﱠ ْﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘ َﻮ ﱠﻗ َﻒ َ ﱡﴍ ُﻫﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ا ْﻋ ِﺘﺪا ُل اﻟﺠ ﱢﻮ‬ ‫وﻧَ ِﻌ ْﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﻄﻴﺐ ﻫﻮا ِﺋﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺎ ِم و ُﻓﺘﻮ ِر َﺣ َﻤﺎ ﱠر ِة َﻗﻴْ ِﻈﻬﺎ ) ِﺷ ﱠﺪ ِة َﺣ ﱢﺮﻫﺎ( ال َمﻌﻬﻮ ِد ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫واﻧﻜﺴﺎ ِر ِﺣ ﱠﺪ ِة َﺳﻤﻮﻣﻬﺎ ) ِرﻳﺤﻬﺎ اﻟﺤﺎ ﱠرة(‪.‬‬ ‫و ُﻛﻨﱠﺎ ﻧَ ِﺒﻴ ُﺖ ﰲ ﺳﻄ ِﺢ ال َمﻮﺿ ِﻊ اﻟﺬي ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﺴ ُﻜﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺑﱠﻤﺎ ﻳُﺼﻴﺒﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮ ِد ﻫﻮا ِء اﻟﻠﻴ ِﻞ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻧَ ْﺤﺘﺎ ُج ﻣﻌﻪ إِﱃ ِدﺛﺎ ٍر ﻳَ ِﻘﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ أَﻣ ٌﺮ ُﻣ ْﺴﺘَ ْﻐ َﺮ ٌب ﺑ» َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬وﻓﺮة اﻟﺮﺧﺎءِ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧُﻮا أَﻳْ ًﻀﺎ ﻳﺘﺤ ﱠﺪﺛُﻮ َن ِﺑ َﻜﺜْﺮ ِة ِﻧ َﻌ ِﻤﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺎ ِم‪َ ،‬و ِﻟي ِن ِﺳ ْﻌ ِﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وأَﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﺎرﻗ ٌﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﺋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻔ ِﺔ ِﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ‪ .‬وﻫﺬا ﰲ ﺑ َﻠﺪ ﻻ َﺿﻴْ َﻌﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ) َﻟﻴْﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ أَ ْر ٌض ﻣ ْﺰ ُروﻋﺔ(‪ ،‬وﻻ ِﻗﻮا َم ﻣﻌﻴﺸ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ﻷَﻫﻠ ِﻪ إﻻﱠ ﺑﺎﻷَ ْﻃ ِﻌﻤ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُ ْﺠ َﻠ ُﺐ إِﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﺒﻼَ ِد اﻷُ ْﺧﺮى‪ .‬وﻫﻮ أَﻣ ٌﺮ ﻻ َﺧﻔﺎءَ ِﺑﻴُ ْﻤ ِﻨﻪ وﺑَ َﺮ َﻛ ِﺘ ِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﲆ ﻛﺜﺮ ِة ال ُمﺠﺎورﻳ َﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺎ ِم‪ ،‬واﻧﺠﻼ ِب اﻟﻨﺎ ِس إِﻟﻴْﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗَﻮا ُﻓ ِﺪ ِﻫ ْﻢ ﻋﻠﻴْﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺤ ﱠﺪﺛَﻨﺎ َﻏ ْيرُ واﺣﺪ ﻣ َﻦ ال ُمﺠﺎ ِو ِرﻳ َﻦ — ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬﻳ َﻦ ﻟ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﺑﻬﺎ ِﺳﻨُﻮ َن ﻃﺎﺋﻠ ًﺔ — أَﻧﱠ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﻟﻢ ﻳَ َﺮ ْوا‬ ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﻤ َﻊ ﺑﻬﺎ َﻗ ﱡﻂ‪ ،‬وﻻ ُﺳ ِﻤ َﻊ ِﺑ ِﻤﺜْ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (11‬ﻣﺎءُ » َز ْﻣ َﺰ َم«‬ ‫وﻣﺎ زا َل اﻟﻨﺎ ُس ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳُ َﺴ ْﻠ ِﺴﻠُﻮ َن أوﺻﺎ َف أَﺣﻮا ِﻟﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﻨ ِﺔ وﺗَ ْﻤ ِﻴﻴﺰﻫﺎ َﻋ ﱠﻤﺎ َﺳ َﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺴ ِﻨي َن‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗَ َﻐﺎ َﻟ ْﻮا َﻓ َﺰ َﻋ ُﻤﻮا أَ ﱠن ﻣﺎءَ » َز ْﻣ َﺰ َم« ﻗﺪ زاد ُﻋﺬُوﺑ ًﺔ‪ .‬وﻫﺬا المﺎءُ َﻋ ِﺠﻴ ٌﺐ ﰲ أَﻣﺮ ِه‪،‬‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ أَﻧﱠ َﻚ ﺗَ ْ َﴩﺑﻪ — ﺣين ﻳَ ْﺨ ُﺮ ُج ﻣﻦ َﻗﺮا َرﺗِ ِﻪ — ﻓﺘَﺠ ُﺪ ُه ﰲ ﺣﺎ ﱠﺳ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺬ ْوق ﻛﺎ ﱠﻟﻠﺒَ ِﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوﺟﻪ َدﻓﻴﺌًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠ ْﴬ ِع‪ .‬وﺗﻠﻚ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﻣﻦ ِﷲ آﻳَﺔ و ِﻋﻨﺎﻳَ ٌﺔ‪ .‬أَ ْر َوى ﷲُ ﻣﻨ ُﻪ ﻛ ﱠﻞ َﻇﺎ ِﻣ ٍﻲ إِﻟﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ اﻷُﻣﻮ ِر ال ُم َﺠ ﱠﺮﺑ ِﺔ أ ﱠن ا ِﻹﻧﺴﺎ َن ُرﺑﱠﻤﺎ َو َﺟ َﺪ َﻣ ﱠﺲ اﻹ ْﻋﻴﺎءِ و ُﻓﺘُﻮ َر اﻷَﻋﻀﺎءِ‪ ،‬إِ ﱠﻣﺎ ِﻣﻦ َﻛﺜْ َﺮ ِة‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻄﻮا ِف‪ ،‬أَ ْو ﻣﻦ ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺮ ٍة ﻳَ ْﻌﺘَ ِﻤ ُﺮﻫﺎ َﻋ َﲆ َﻗ َﺪ َﻣﻴْ ِﻪ‪ ،‬أَ ْو ﻣﻦ ﻏي ِر ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻷَﺳﺒﺎ ِب ال ُم َﺆ ﱢدﻳَ ِﺔ إﱃ ﺗَ َﻌ ِﺐ‬ ‫‪85‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﺒَ َﺪ ِن‪ ،‬ﻓﻴَ ُﺼ ﱡﺐ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ المﺎ ِء ﻋ َﲆ ﺑَ َﺪ ِﻧ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴَﺠ ُﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺮاﺣ َﺔ واﻟﻨﱠﺸﺎ َط ِﻟ ِﺤﻴﻨ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻳ ْﺬ َﻫ ُﺐ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن أَﺻﺎﺑَ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪86‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدا ٌت وﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﰲ أَواﺋﻞ اﻟﺸﻬﻮر‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬ ﱠﻞ ﻫﻼ ُل ﺷﻬﺮ ُﺟﻤﺎ َدى اﻵ ِﺧ َﺮ ِة ﻟﻴ َﻠ َﺔ اﻷَ ْر ِﺑﻌﺎ ِء‪ ،‬وﻧﺤﻦ ﺑﺎﻟ َﺤ َﺮم ال ُمﻘ ﱠﺪس‪ .‬وﰲ َﺻ ِﺒﻴﺤ ِﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫وا َﰱ اﻷﻣيرُ » ُﻣ ْﻜ ِﺜ ٌﺮ« ﺑﺄَﺗْﺒﺎ ِﻋ ِﻪ وأَﺷﻴﺎ ِﻋ ِﻪ َﻋ َﲆ ﻋﺎ َد ِﺗ ِﻪ ﰲ أَ ﱠو ِل اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ‪ ،‬و َﻋ َﲆ ذﻟﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﺳ ِﻢ ِﺑ َﻌﻴْﻨِ ِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟ ﱠﺰ ْﻣ َﺰ ِﻣ ﱡﻲ الم َﻐ ﱠﺮ ُد ِﺑﺜَﻨﺎ ِﺋ ِﻪ واﻟ ﱡﺪﻋﺎءِ ﻟﻪ — ﻓﻮ َق ُﻗﺒﱠ ِﺔ »زﻣﺰم« — ﻳَ ْﺮ َﻓ ُﻊ َﺻ ْﻮﺗَ ُﻪ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺪﻋﺎءِ واﻟﺜﱠﻨﺎءِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨ َﺪ ﻛ ﱢﻞ َﺷ ْﻮ ٍط ﻳَ ُﻄﻮ ُﻓ ُﻪ اﻷَﻣيرُ — واﻟ ُﻘ ﱠﺮاءُ أَﻣﺎ َﻣ ُﻪ — إِﱃ أن َﻓ َﺮ َغ ﻣﻦ َﻃﻮا ِﻓﻪ‪ ،‬وأَ َﺧﺬَ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳ ِﻖ‬ ‫اﻧْ ِﴫا ِﻓ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻷَ ْﻫ ِﻞ ﻫﺬه ا ْﻟﺠﻬﺎ ِت ال َم ْ ِﴩ ِﻗﻴﱠ ِﺔ ﻛ ﱢﻠﻬﺎ ِﺳيرَ ٌة َﺣ َﺴﻨَ ٌﺔ — ِﻋﻨْ َﺪ ُﻣ ْﺴﺘَ َﻬ ﱢﻞ ﻛ ﱢﻞ َﺷ ْﻬ ٍﺮ ﻣﻦ ُﺷ ُﻬﻮر‬ ‫ا ْﻟﻌﺎ ِم — ﻳَﺘَﺼﺎ َﻓ ُﺤﻮ َن‪ ،‬وﻳﻬﻨ ُﻲ ﺑﻌ ُﻀﻬ ْﻢ ﺑﻌ ًﻀﺎ‪ ،‬وﻳَﺘَﻐﺎ َﻓ ُﺮو َن‪ ،‬وﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺑﻌ ُﻀﻬﻢ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ —‬ ‫ﻛ ِﻔﻌﻠﻬ ْﻢ ﰲ اﻷَ ْﻋﻴﺎ ِد — ﻫﻜﺬا دا ِﺋ ًﻤﺎ‪ .‬وﺗﻠﻚ ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ٌﺔ ﻣ َﻦ اﻟ َﺨ ْير‪ ،‬ﺗُ َﺠ ﱢﺪ ُد ﰲ اﻟﻨﻔﻮس ا ِﻹ ْﺧﻼ َص‪،‬‬ ‫وﺗَ ْﺴﺘَ ِﻤ ﱡﺪ اﻟﺮﺣﻤ َﺔ ﻣﻦ ِﷲ ِﺑ ُﻤﺼﺎ َﻓ َﺤ ِﺔ ال ُم ْﺆﻣﻨين‪ :‬ﺑَ ْﻌ ِﻀﻬ ْﻢ ﺑَ ْﻌ ًﻀﺎ‪ ،‬وﺑ َﺮﻛ ِﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨَﻬﺎ َد ْوﻧَ ُﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺪﻋﺎ ِء؛ واﻟ َﺠﻤﺎ َﻋ ُﺔ َر ْﺣ َﻤ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ودﻋﺎ ُؤ ُﻫ ْﻢ — ﻣﻦ ِﷲ — ِﺑ َﻤﻜﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬اﻟﻮزﻳ ُﺮ »ﺟﻤﺎ ُل اﻟﺪﻳﻦ«‬ ‫وﻟﻬﺬ ِه اﻟﺒَ ْﻠ َﺪ ِة َﺣ ﱠﻤﺎﻣﺎ ِن‪ :‬أَ َﺣ ُﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﻳُﻨْ َﺴ ُﺐ ﻷ َﺣ ِﺪ اﻷَ ْﺷﻴﺎ ِخ ﺑﺎﻟ َﺤ َﺮ ِم واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ وﻫﻮ اﻷَ ْﻛ َﱪُ ﻳُﻨْ َﺴ ُﺐ‬ ‫ﻟ»ﺟﻤﺎ ِل اﻟ ﱢﺪﻳ ِﻦ«‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺮﺟ ُﻞ َﻋ َﲆ ِﻣﺜﻞ ِﺻ َﻔﺘ ِﻪ‪ ،‬أَﻋﻨﻲ‪» :‬ﺟﻤﺎ َل اﻟﺪﻳ ِﻦ«‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻪ ﺑ» َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ« و»ال َم ِﺪﻳﻨَ ِﺔ« ﻣﻦ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟ َﻜﺮﻳ َﻤ ِﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺼﻨﺎ ِﺋ ِﻊ اﻟ َﺤ ِﻤﻴﺪ ِة وال َمﺼﺎ ِﻧ ِﻊ ال َمﺒﻨﻴﱠ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ ﻳَ ْﺴ ِﺒ ْﻘ ُﻪ أَ َﺣ ٌﺪ إِﻟﻴ ِﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ َﺳ َﻠ َﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﺎ ِن‪.‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫وﻛﺎن وزﻳ َﺮ ﺻﺎﺣ ِﺐ ال َم ْﻮ ِﺻ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗَﻤﺎ َدى ﻋ َﲆ ﻫﺬه ال َمﻘﺎﺻ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ِﻨﻴﱠ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ال ُم ْﺸﺘَ ِﻤ َﻠ ِﺔ َﻋ َﲆ ال َمﻨﺎﻓ ِﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎ ﱠﻣ ِﺔ ﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﻠﻤي َن‪ ،‬ﰲ َﺣ َﺮ ِم ِﷲ و َﺣ َﺮ ِم َرﺳﻮﻟ ِﻪ‪ ،‬أﻛﺜَ َﺮ ﻣﻦ َﺧ ْﻤ َﺲ ﻋ ْ َﴩ َة ﺳﻨ ًﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻢ ﻳَ َﺰ ْل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ِذ ًﻻ أﻣﻮا ًﻻ ﻻ ﺗُﺤ َﴡ ﰲ ﺑﻨﺎءِ رﺑﺎ ٍع ) َﻣﻨﺎ ِز َل( ﺑ َﻤﻜ َﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺴﺒﱠ َﻠ ٍﺔ ) َﻣ ْﺠ ُﻌﻮﻟ ٍﺔ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﷲ( ﰲ‬ ‫ُﻃ ُﺮ ِق اﻟ َﺨي ِر واﻟ ِ ﱢﱪ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ َﺆﺑﱠ َﺪ ٍة ُﻣ َﺤﺒﱠ َﺴﺔ ) َﻣﻮ ُﻗﻮﻓ ٍﺔ داﺋ ًﻤﺎ أَﺑَ ًﺪا( وا ْﺧ ِﺘﻄﺎ ِط َﺻﻬﺎرﻳ َﺞ ﻟﻠ َﻤﺎ ِء‪ ،‬و َو ْﺿ ِﻊ‬ ‫ِﺟﺒﺎب ) ُﺣ َﻔ ٍﺮ( ﰲ اﻟ ﱡﻄ ُﺮ ِق؛ ﻳَ ْﺴﺘ ِﻘ ﱡﺮ ﰲ ﻛ ﱢﻞ ُﺟ ﱟﺐ ) ُﺣ ْﻔ َﺮ ٍة( ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎءُ ال َم َﻄﺮ‪ ،‬إِﱃ ﺗَﺠﺪﻳ ِﺪ آﺛﺎ ٍر ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ ِﺒﻨﺎءِ ﰲ اﻟ َﺤ َﺮﻣ ْي ِن اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳﻤ ْي ِن‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ أَ َﴍ ِف أَﻓﻌﺎﻟﻪ أ ْن َﺟ َﻠ َﺐ المﺎءَ إﱃ » َﻋ َﺮﻓﺎ ٍت«‪ ،‬وﻋﺎ َﻫﺪ ﺟﻤﺎ َﻋ َﺔ اﻟ َﻌﺮ ِب ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ُﺳﻜﺎ ِن ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻨﱠﻮاﺣﻲ ال َم ْﺠﻠُﻮ ِب ﻣﻨﻬﺎ المﺎءُ‪َ ،‬ﻋ َﲆ أن ﻳَ ْﻤﻨَ َﺤ ُﻬﻢ وﻇﻴ َﻔ ًﺔ َﻛﺒير ًة )ﻣﺎ ًﻻ ُﻣ َﺮﺗﱠﺒًﺎ( َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫أﻻﱠ ﻳَﻘ َﻄ ُﻌﻮا المﺎءَ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺎ ﱢج‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠ ﱠﻤﺎ ﺗُ ُﻮ ﱢﰲَ اﻟ ﱠﺮﺟ ُﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎ ُدوا إﱃ ﻋﺎ َد ِﺗﻬﻢ اﻟﺬﱠﻣﻴ َﻤ ِﺔ ﻣﻦ َﻗ ْﻄ ِﻌ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ َﻣﻔﺎ ِﺧ ِﺮ ِه وﻣﻨﺎ ِﻗ ِﺒ ِﻪ أَﻧ ُﻪ َﺟﻌ َﻞ َﻣﺪﻳﻨ َﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺮﺳﻮ ِل ﷺ ﺗﺤ َﺖ ُﺳﻮ َرﻳ ِﻦ ﻋ ِﺘﻴ َﻘي ِن‪ ،‬أﻧ َﻔ َﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻴ ِﻬﻤﺎ أَﻣﻮا ًﻻ ﻻ ﺗُﺤﴡ َﻛﺜﺮ ًة‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﺗﺎﺑﻮ ُت اﻟﻮزﻳﺮ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ أَﻋﺠ ِﺐ ﻣﺎ َو ﱠﻓ َﻘﻪ ﷲ إﻟﻴ ِﻪ أَﻧ ُﻪ َﺟ ﱠﺪد أَﺑﻮا َب اﻟﺤ َﺮ ِم ﻛ ﱠﻠﻬﺎ وﺟ ﱠﺪد ﺑﺎ َب »اﻟ َﻜﻌﺒ ِﺔ« ال ُم َﻘ ﱠﺪﺳ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫و َﻏ ﱠﺸﺎه ِﻓ ﱠﻀ ًﺔ ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻫﺒ ًﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻵ َن‪ ،‬وﺟ ﱠﻠ َﻞ اﻟ َﻌﺘَﺒ َﺔ ال ُمﺒﺎ َرﻛ َﺔ ﺑ َﻠ ْﻮ ِح َذ َﻫ ٍﺐ إِﺑْﺮﻳ ٍﺰ‪ .‬وأ َﺧ َﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﻘﺪﻳ َﻢ‪ ،‬وأَ َﻣﺮ ﺑﺄ ْن ﻳُﺼﻨَ َﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻮ ٌت ﻳُ ْﺪ َﻓ ُﻦ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓ َﻠﻤﺎ ﺣﺎﻧَ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻮﻓﺎ ُة‪ ،‬أَ ْوﴅ ﺑﺄَ ْن ﻳُﻮ َﺿ َﻊ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﱠﺎﺑﻮ ِت‪ ،‬وﻳُ َﺤ ﱡﺞ ﺑ ِﻪ ﻣﻴﱢﺘًﺎ‪ .‬ﻓ ِﺴﻴ َﻖ إﱃ‬ ‫ﻋ َﺮﻓﺎ ٍت و ُﻗ ِﻀﻴَ ْﺖ ﻟﻪ ال َمﻨﺎ ِﺳ ُﻚ ﻛ ﱡﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺮﺟ ُﻞ — ر ِﺣ َﻤ ُﻪ ﷲُ — ﻟﻢ ﻳَ ُﺤ ﱡﺞ ﰲ َﺣﻴﺎ ِﺗ ِﻪ‪ .‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ‬ ‫ُﺣ ِﻤ َﻞ إﱃ ﻣﺪﻳﻨ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺮﺳﻮ ِل ﷺ‪ ،‬وﺑُﻨِﻴَ ْﺖ ﻟﻪ َر ْو َﺿ ٌﺔ ﺑ ِﺈزاءِ ر ْو َﺿ ِﺔ ال ُمﺼﻄ َﻔﻰ ﷺ‪ ،‬و ُﻓﺘﺢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫َﻣﻮ ِﺿ ٌﻊ ﻳﻼ ِﺣ ُﻆ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْو َﺿﺔ ال ُم َﻘ ﱠﺪ َﺳ َﺔ‪ ،‬وأُﺑﻴ َﺢ ﻟﻪ ذﻟﻚ — َﻋ َﲆ ِﺷ ﱠﺪ ِة اﻟ ﱠﻀﻨﺎﻧَ ِﺔ ِﺑ ِﻤﺜْ ِﻠﻪ — ﻟﺴﺎﺑ ِﻖ‬ ‫أﻓﻌﺎﻟ ِﻪ اﻟﻜ ِﺮﻳ َﻤ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و ُد ِﻓﻦ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْو َﺿ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وأَﺳ َﻌ َﺪه ﷲُ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮا ِر اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وﺧ ﱠﺼ ُﻪ ﺑﺎل ُمﻮارا ِة‬ ‫)اﻟ ﱠﺪ ْﻓ ِﻦ( ﰲ ﺗُ ْﺮﺑ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﱠ ْﻘﺪﻳ ِﺲ واﻟﺘﱠﻌﻈﻴ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وﷲُ ﻻ ﻳُ ِﻀﻴ ُﻊ أَ ْﺟ َﺮ ال ُم ْﺤ ِﺴﻨي َن‪.‬‬ ‫‪88‬‬

‫ﻋﺎدا ٌت وﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﻛ َﺮ ُم اﻟﻮزﻳﺮ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻵﺛﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺴ ِﻨﻴﱠ ِﺔ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺮ ُﺟ ِﻞ‪ ،‬أَﻧ ُﻪ ُﻋ ِﻨ َﻲ ﺑ ِﺈ ْﺻﻼ ِح ﻛﺜي ِر ﻣﻦ ُﻃ ُﺮ ِق ال ُمﺴﻠﻤين ﺑﺠﻬ ِﺔ‬ ‫ال َمﴩق‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﻌﺮا ِق‪ ،‬إِﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِم إﱃ اﻟ ِﺤﺠﺎ ِز‪ .‬وا ْﺳﺘَﻨْﺒَ َﻂ الِمﻴﺎ َه‪ ،‬وﺑَﻨَﻰ اﻟ ِﺠﺒﺎ َب‪ ،‬وا ْﺧﺘَ ﱠﻂ ال َمﻨﺎ ِز َل‬ ‫ﰲ ال َمﻔﺎزا ِت)اﻟ ِﺒ َﻘﺎ ِع ال ُم ْﻘ ِﻔﺮ ِة ﻻ ﻣﺎ َء ﻓﻴﻬﺎ(‪ ،‬وأَﻣ َﺮ ﺑ ِﻌﻤﺎ َرﺗِﻬﺎ ﻣﺄْ ًوى ﻷَﺑْﻨﺎ ِء اﻟﺴﺒﻴ ِﻞ‪ ،‬و َﻛﺎ ﱠﻓ ِﺔ‬ ‫ال ُمﺴﺎ ِﻓ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ‪ .‬واﺑْﺘَﻨَﻰ — ﺑﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ُﺪ ِن ال ُمﺘﱠ ِﺼﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺮا ِق إﱃ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِم — ﻓﻨﺎ ِد َق ﻋﻴﱠﻨَﻬﺎ ﻟﻨﺰول‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻔ َﻘﺮا ِء أَﺑﻨﺎءِ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳ ْﻀ ُﻌ ُﻒ أَﺣ ُﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺗَﺄْ ِدﻳ ِﺔ اﻷَ ْﻛ ِﺮﻳَ ِﺔ )اﻷُ ُﺟﻮ ِر(‪ .‬وأَ ْﺟ َﺮى َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤي َن َﻋ َﲆ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻔﻨﺎ ِد ِق وال َمﻨﺎ ِزل ﻣﺎ ﻳ ُﻘﻮ ُم ِﺑ َﻤ ِﻌﻴ َﺸ ِﺘﻬﻢ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ﱠي َن ﻟﻬﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ ُوﺟﻮ ٍه ُو ِﻗ َﻔ ْﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ وﺗﺄَﺑﱠ َﺪت ﻟﻬﻢ )أَ ْﺻﺒَ َﺤ ْﺖ ﻟﻬﻢ إﱃ اﻷﺑﺪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻘﻴَ ْﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟ ﱡﺮﺳﻮ ُم اﻟﻜﺮﻳ َﻤ ُﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘ ًﺔ ﻋ َﲆ ﺣﺎﻟﻬﺎ إِﱃ اﻵن‪ .‬ﻓﺴﺎر ْت ﺑﺠﻤﻴ ِﻞ ذ ْﻛ ِﺮ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺮﺟ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱢﺮﻓﺎ ُق‪ .‬وﻛﺎن ُﻣ ﱠﺪ َة ﺣﻴﺎ ِﺗﻪ ﺑ»ال َم ْﻮ ِﺻ ِﻞ« ﻗ ِﺪ اﺗﱠﺨ َﺬ دا َر َﻛﺮاﻣ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬واﺳﻌ َﺔ اﻟ ِﻔﻨﺎءِ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِﺴﻴﺤ َﺔ‬ ‫اﻷَ ْرﺟﺎ ِء‪ ،‬ﻳﺪﻋﻮ إِﻟﻴْﻬﺎ — ﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻳﻮ ٍم — اﻟ َﺠ َﻔ َﲆ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻐ َﺮﺑﺎ ِء )ﻳَ ْﺪﻋﻮ ُﻫﻢ إِﻟﻴْﻬﺎ َد ْﻋ َﻮ ًة ﻋﺎ ﱠﻣ ًﺔ(‬ ‫ﻓﻴ ُﻌ ﱡﻤﻬ ْﻢ ِﺷﺒَ ًﻌﺎ و ِرﻳٍّﺎ‪َ ،‬وﻳَ ِﺮ ُد اﻟ ﱠﺼﺎ ِد ُر واﻟﻮا ِر ُد ﻣﻦ أَﺑﻨﺎ ِء اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ — ﰲ ِﻇ ﱢﻠ ِﻪ — َﻋﻴْ ًﺸﺎ ﻫﻨﻴٍّﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َوﻣﺎ َت ﺣﻤﻴ ًﺪا َﺳﻌﻴ ًﺪا‪ ،‬واﻟﺬﱢ ْﻛ ُﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﻴ ُﻞ ﻟﻠ ﱡﺴ َﻌﺪا ِء ﺣﻴﺎ ٌة ﺑﺎﻗﻴ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬وﻣ ﱠﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ ِﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ٌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﷲُ اﻟﻜﻔﻴ ُﻞ ﺑﺠﺰا ِء ال ُم ْﺤﺴﻨين إﱃ ِﻋﺒﺎد ِه‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (5‬ا ِﻹﺻﻼح ﰲ اﻟﺤﺮ ِم‬ ‫وﻣ َﻦ اﻷُﻣﻮ ِر اﻟ َﻐ ِﺮﻳﺒﺔ ال ُمﺘﱠﺒَﻌ ِﺔ ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﺤ َﺮ ِم اﻟﴩﻳ ِﻒ أ ﱠن اﻟﻨﻔﻘ َﺔ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ َﻣ ْﻤﻨﻮ َﻋ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺠ ُﺪ ال ُمﺘَﺄَ ﱢﺟ ُﺮ‬ ‫)ﻃﺎ ِﻟ ُﺐ اﻷَ ْﺟ ِﺮ واﻟﺜﱠﻮاب( — ﻣﻦ َذ ِوي اﻟﻴﺴﺎر — إِﻟﻴْﻬﺎ َﺳﺒﻴ ًﻼ‪َ ،‬وﻻ ﻳُ ْﺆ َذ ُن ﻟ ُﻪ ﺑﺘَ ْﺠﺪﻳ ِﺪ ﺑﻨﺎ ٍء‪،‬‬ ‫أَو إِﻗﺎ َﻣ ِﺔ ِﺟﺪا ٍر‪ ،‬أَو ﻏي ِر ذﻟ َﻚ ِﻣ ﱠﻤﺎ ﻳَ ْﺨﺘَ ﱡﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﺤ َﺮ ِم ال ُمﺒَﺎ َرك‪.‬‬ ‫َوﻟ ْﻮ ﻛﺎن اﻷَﻣ ُﺮ ُﻣﺒﺎ ًﺣﺎ ﰲ ذﻟ َﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻟ َﺠ َﻌ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِﻏﺒﻮ َن ﰲ ﻧَ َﻔﻘﺎ ِت ا ْﻟ ﱢﱪ ﻣﻦ أَﻫﻞ ا ْﻟ ِﺠ َﺪ ِة واﻟﻴَﺴﺎ ِر‬ ‫— ِﺣﻴﻄﺎﻧَﻪ َﻋ ْﺴﺠ ًﺪا‪ ،‬وﺗُﺮاﺑَﻪ َﻋﻨْ ًﱪا‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﱠﻬﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺠﺪون اﻟﺴﺒﻴ َﻞ إﱃ ذﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻓ َﻤﺘﻰ ذﻫ َﺐ أَﺣ ُﺪ أَ ْرﺑﺎب اﻟ ﱡﺪﻧْﻴﺎ إِﱃ ﺗَ ْﺠﺪﻳ ِﺪ أَﺛ ٍﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ آﺛﺎره‪ ،‬أَو إِﻗﺎ َﻣ ِﺔ رﺳ ٍﻢ ﻛﺮﻳ ٍﻢ ﻣ ْﻦ ُرﺳﻮ ِﻣﻪ‪ ،‬أﺧ َﺬ إِذْ َن اﻟ َﺨﻠﻴ َﻔ ِﺔ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻓ ِﺈن ﻛﺎن اﻷَﺛَ ُﺮ‬ ‫ِﻣ ﱠﻤﺎ ﻳُﻨ َﻘ ُﺶ ﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ‪ ،‬أو ﻳُﺮ َﺳ ُﻢ ِﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﻃ ﱢﺮ َز ﺑﺎ ْﺳ ِﻢ اﻟ َﺨﻠﻴ َﻔ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻧُ ُﻔﻮ ِذ أَ ْﻣ ِﺮ ِه ِﺑ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻠﻪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻢ ﻳُ ْﺬ َﻛ ِﺮ ا ْﺳ ُﻢ‬ ‫‪89‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫ال ُمﺘَ َﻮ ﱢﱃ ِﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬وﻻﺑُ ﱠﺪ — ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬا — ﻣﻦ ﺑَﺬْ ِل َﺣ ﱟﻆ واﻓ ٍﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﱠ َﻔ َﻘ ِﺔ ﻷَﻣي ِر اﻟﺒ َﻠ ِﺪ‪ُ ،‬رﺑﱠﻤﺎ ﻳُﻮا ِزى‬ ‫َﻗ ْﺪ َر ال َمﻨْ ُﻔﻮ ِق ﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺘَﺘَﻀﺎﻋ ُﻒ ال ُم ْﺆﻧَ ُﺔ ﻋﲆ ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺒﻪ‪ ،‬وﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻳ ِﺼ ُﻞ إﱃ َﻏﺮ ِﺿ ِﻪ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (6‬ﺣﻴﻠ ُﺔ اﻟﻌ َﺠﻤ ﱢﻲ‬ ‫َوﻣ ْﻦ أَ ْﻏ َﺮ ِب ﻣﺎ اﺗﱠ َﻔ َﻖ ﻷَﺣ ِﺪ ُدﻫﺎ ِة اﻷَﻋﺎ ِﺟ ِﻢ — َذ ِوي ال ُم ْﻠ ِﻚ واﻟﺜﱠﺮاءِ — أَﻧﱠ ُﻪ َو َﺻ َﻞ إﱃ اﻟ َﺤﺮ ِم‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﻳ ِﻢ‪ ،‬ﰲ اﻟ َﻌ ْﻬ ِﺪ ا ﱠﻟﺬي َو ِﱄَ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻷَ ْﻣ َﺮ َﺟ ﱡﺪ اﻷَﻣير » ُﻣ ْﻜﺜ ٍﺮ«‪ ،‬ﻓﺮأَى اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻤ ﱡﻲ ﺗَﻨﱡﻮ َر ﺑ ِﱤ » َز ْﻣ َﺰ َم«‬ ‫) َﻓ َﻤﻬﺎ( و ُﻗﺒﱠﺘَﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ِﺻ َﻔ ٍﺔ ﻟﻢ ﻳَ ْﺮ َﺿﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﺎ ْﺟﺘَﻤﻊ ﺑﺎﻷَﻣي ِر‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل‪» :‬أُرﻳ ُﺪ أَ ْن أَﺗَﺄَﻧﱠ َﻖ ﰲ ﺑﻨﺎءِ ﺗَﻨﱡﻮ ِر‬ ‫»زﻣﺰم« و َﻃﻴﱢ ِﻪ )ﺑﻨﺎ ِﺋﻪ ﺑﺎﻟ ِﺤﺠﺎرة( وﺗﺠﺪﻳ ِﺪ ُﻗﺒﱠﺘِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وأَﺑْﻠُ َﻎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻐﺎﻳ َﺔ ال ُم ْﻤ ِﻜﻨ َﺔ‪ ،‬وأُﻧْ ِﻔ َﻖ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ ْﻦ َﺻ ِﻤﻴ ِﻢ ﻣﺎﱄ‪ .‬وﻟﻚ َﻋ َﲇﱠ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ َ ْﴍ ٌط أَﺑْﻠُ ُﻎ — ﺑﺎ ْﻟ ِﺘﺰا ِﻣﻪ ﻟﻚ — َﻏ َﺮ َض ال َم ْﻘ ُﺼﻮ ِد‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ أَ ْن‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﺠﻌ َﻞ ِﺛ َﻘ ًﺔ ﻣﻦ ِﻗﺒَ ِﻠ َﻚ ﻳُ َﻘﻴﱢ ُﺪ َﻣﺒْ َﻠ َﻎ اﻟﻨﱠ َﻔ َﻘ ِﺔ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳَ ْﺴﺘَ ْﻮ ِﰲَ اﻟﺒﻨﺎ ُء اﻟﺘﱠﻤﺎ َم‪ ،‬وﺗَﺒﻠُ َﻎ اﻟﻨﻔﻘ ُﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣﻨْﺘﻬﺎﻫﺎ‪ .‬و َﻣﺘَﻰ أَ ْﺣ َﺼﻴﺘَﻬﺎ ﺑﺬَ ْﻟ ُﺖ ﻟﻚ ِﻣﺜْ َﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﺰاءً ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ ﻳَ ﱠ ْﴪﺗَ ُﻪ ﱄ ﻣﻦ ُﺳﺒُ ِﻞ ا ِﻹﺻﻼ ِح«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎ ْﻫﺘَ ﱠﺰ اﻷَﻣيرُ َﻃ َﻤ ًﻌﺎ‪ ،‬وﻋ ِﻠﻢ أ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠ َﻔ َﻘ َﺔ — ﰲ ذﻟﻚ — ﺗﻨْﺘَ ِﻬﻲ إِﱃ آﻻف ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺪﻧﺎ ِﻧي ِر‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄَﺑﺎ َح ﻟﻪ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬وأَ ْﻟ َﺰ َﻣ ُﻪ ُﻣ َﻘﻴﱢ ًﺪا ﻳُ ْﺤ ِﴢ ﻗ ِﻠﻴ َﻞ ا ِﻹﻧْﻔﺎ ِق و َﻛﺜيرَه‪َ .‬و َﴍع اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻤ ﱡﻲ ﰲ ِﺑﻨﺎ ِﺋﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫واﺣﺘَﻔ َﻞ وﺑﺬَ َل ُﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ُو ْﺳ ِﻌ ِﻪ ﰲ اﻟﺘﱠﺄَﻧﱡ ِﻖ‪ِ ،‬ﻓﻌ َﻞ َﻣ ْﻦ ﻳَﻘ ِﺼ ُﺪ ﺑ ِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻠ ِﻪ ذا َت ِﷲ — ﻋ ﱠﺰ و َﺟ ﱠﻞ‬ ‫— وﻳُﻘ ِﺮ ُﺿ ُﻪ ﻗ ْﺮ ًﺿﺎ َﺣﺴﻨًﺎ‪ .‬وﻛﺎن ال ُم َﻘﻴﱠ ُﺪ ﻳُ َﺴ ﱢﻮ ُد َﻃﻮا ِﻣي َر ُه ) َﺻﺤﺎ ِﺋ َﻔ ُﻪ(‪ ،‬واﻷَﻣيرُ ﻳَﺘَﻄ ﱠﻠ ُﻊ إِﱃ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫َﻟ َﺪﻳْ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻳُ َﺆ ﱢﻣ ُﻞ ِﻟ َﻘﺒْ ِﺾ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎ ِت اﻟﻮاﺳﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬إِﱃ أَ ْن َﻓ َﺮ َغ اﻟ ِﺒﻨﺎءُ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠ ﱠﻤﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳَﺒْ َﻖ إِﻻ أَ ْن ﻳُ َﺼﺒﱢ َﺢ اﻷَِﻣيرُ ﺻﺎ ِﺣ َﺐ اﻟﻨﱠ َﻔ َﻘ ِﺔ ﺑﺎ ْﻟ ِﺤﺴﺎ ِب‪ ،‬وﻳَ ْﺴﺘَ ْﻘ ِ َﴤ ﻣﻨ ُﻪ اﻟ َﻌ َﺪ َد‬ ‫ال ُم ْﺠﺘَ ِﻤ َﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫ َﺮب اﻟ َﻌ َﺠ ِﻤ ﱡﻲ‪ ،‬وﺧﻼ ﻣﻨ ُﻪ ال َمﻜﺎ ُن‪ ،‬ور ِﻛ َﺐ ا ﱠﻟﻠﻴ َﻞ َﺟﻤ ًﻼ‪ ،‬وأَﺻﺒ َﺢ اﻷَﻣيرُ ﻳُ َﻘ ﱢﻠ ُﺐ‬ ‫َﻛ ﱠﻔﻴْ ِﻪ ﻧَ َﺪ ًﻣﺎ‪ ،‬وﻳﴬ ُب َﺻ ْﺪ َر ُه َﺣ ْ َﴪ ًة وأَ َﻟ ًﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻢ ﻳُ ْﻤ ِﻜﻨْ ُﻪ أَ ْن ﻳُ ْﺤ ِﺪ َث ﰲ ِﺑﻨﺎءٍ — ُو ِﺿ َﻊ ﰲ َﺣﺮ ِم ِﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ — ﺣﺎ ِدﺛًﺎ ﻳُ ِﺤﻴﻠُ ُﻪ‪ ،‬أو ﻧﻘ ًﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﻳُ ِﺰﻳﻠُ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻓﺎ َز اﻟﺮﺟ ُﻞ ﺑﺜﻮا ِﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﺗﻜ ﱠﻔ َﻞ ﷲ ِﺑﻪ ﰲ اﻧْ ِﻘﻼ ِﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﺗﺤﺴي ِن ﻣﺂ ِﺑﻪ‪َ ﴿ ،‬و َﻣﺎ أَﻧ َﻔ ْﻘﺘُﻢ ﱢﻣﻦ َ ْﳾءٍ‬ ‫َﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ ﻳُ ْﺨ ِﻠ ُﻔ ُﻪ ۖ َو ُﻫ َﻮ َﺧ ْيرُ اﻟ ﱠﺮا ِز ِﻗي َن﴾‪.‬‬ ‫وﺑ ِﻘ َﻲ َﺧ َﱪُ ﻫﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺮ ُﺟ ِﻞ َﻣ َﻊ اﻷَﻣي ِر ﻳُﺘَﻬﺎ َدى ﻏﺮاﺑَ ًﺔ و َﻋ َﺠﺒًﺎ )ﻳُ ْﻬ ِﺪﻳﻪ ﺑَ ْﻌ ُﺾ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس إﱃ‬ ‫ﺑَ ْﻌ ٍﺾ ﻟ َﻐﺮاﺑ ِﺘ ِﻪ ا ﱠﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻋﻮ إِﱃ اﻟ َﻌ ِﺠ ِﺐ(‪ ،‬وﻳَ ْﺪﻋﻮ ﻟﻪ ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺷﺎر ٍب ﻣﻦ ذﻟ َﻚ المﺎ ِء ال ُمﺒﺎ َر ِك‪.‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬

‫ﻋﺎدا ٌت وﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫)‪ (7‬ال َم ْﻮ ِﺳ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺮﺟﺒ ﱡﻲ‬ ‫ا ْﺳﺘَ َﻬ ﱠﻞ ﻫﻼ ُل َر َﺟ ٍﺐ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻠ َﺔ اﻟﺨﻤﻴ ِﺲ ال ُم َﻮ ﱢﰲ ِﻋ ْ ِﴩﻳ َﻦ ﻟﺸﻬ ِﺮ أُ ْﻛﺘُﻮﺑَ َﺮ ﺑ َﺸﻬﺎد ِة َﺧ ْﻠﻖ َﻛﺜير ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﺤ ﱠﺠﺎ ِج ال ُمﺠﺎ ِورﻳ َﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻷَ ْﴍا ُف أَﻫ ُﻞ ﻣﻜﺔ ذﻛﺮوا أَﻧﻬﻢ رأَ ْو ُه ِﺑ َﻄﺮﻳ ِﻖ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮ ِة‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َﺟﺒَﻞ » ُﻗ َﻌﻴْ ِﻘﻌﺎ َن« وﺟﺒ ِﻞ‬ ‫»أَﺑﻲ ُﻗﺒَﻴْ ٍﺲ«؛ َﻓﺜَﺒَﺘَ ْﺖ ﺷﻬﺎدﺗُﻬﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻷَﻣي ِر واﻟﻘﺎ ِﴈ‪ .‬وأَ ّﻣﺎ ِﻣ َﻦ ال َم ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ اﻟ َﺤﺮا ِم ﻓ َﻠ ْﻢ‬ ‫ﻳُﺒْ ِ ْﴫ ُه أَ َﺣ ٌﺪ‪ .‬وﻫﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻬ ُﺮ ال ُمﺒﺎ َر ُك — ﻋﻨ َﺪ أ ْﻫ ِﻞ »ﻣﻜ َﺔ« — َﻣ ْﻮ ِﺳ ٌﻢ ﻣﻦ ال َمﻮاﺳﻢ ال ُم َﻌ ﱠﻈ َﻤ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ أَ ْﻛﱪُ أَ ْﻋﻴﺎ ِد ِﻫﻢ‪ .‬وﻟﻢ ﻳﺰاﻟﻮا ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ — ﻗﺪﻳ ًﻤﺎ وﺣﺪﻳﺜًﺎ — ﻳَﺘَﻮا َرﺛُﻪ َﺧ َﻠ ٌﻒ ﻋﻦ َﺳ َﻠ ٍﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫ُﻣﺘﱠ ِﺼ ًﻼ ﻣيرا ُث ذﻟﻚ إِﱃ اﻟﺠﺎ ِﻫﻠﻴﱠ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻫﻮ أَﺣ ُﺪ اﻷَ ْﺷ ُﻬ ِﺮ اﻟ ُﺤ ُﺮ ِم‪ ،‬وﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻳُ َﺤ ﱢﺮﻣﻮن اﻟ ِﻘﺘﺎ َل ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤﺮة اﻟﺮﺟ ِﺒﻴﱠﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻤﺮ ُة اﻟ ﱠﺮﺟ ِﺒﻴﱠ ُﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ أُﺧ ُﺖ اﻟ َﻮﻗ َﻔ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮﻓﻴﱠ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷَﻧﻬﻢ ﻳَﺤﺘَﻔﻠﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ اﻻﺣ ِﺘﻔﺎ َل اﻟﺬي ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻳُﺴ َﻤ ْﻊ ﺑ ِﻤﺜ ِﻠﻪ‪ .‬وﻳُﺒﺎ ِد ُر إِﻟﻴﻬﺎ أَﻫ ُﻞ ا ْﻟ ِﺠﻬﺎ ِت ال ُمﺘﱠ ِﺼ َِﻠﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﺘَﻤ ُﻊ ﻟﻬﺎ َﺧﻠ ٌﻖ ﻋﻈﻴ ٌﻢ ﻻ ﻳُ ْﺤ ِﺼﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫إﻻ ﷲُ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓﻤﻦ ﻻ ﻳُﺸﺎ ِﻫ ْﺪﻫﺎ ﺑ» َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ« ﻟﻢ ﻳُﺸﺎ ِﻫ ْﺪ َﻣﺮأًى ﻳُﺴﺘَﻬ َﺪى ذ ْﻛ ُﺮه َﻏﺮاﺑ ًﺔ و َﻋ َﺠﺒًﺎ‪َ .‬ﺷﺎ َﻫ ْﺪﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ أَ ْﻣ ًﺮا ﻳَﻌ ِﺠ ُﺰ اﻟﻮ ْﺻ ُﻒ ﻋﻨ ُﻪ‪ .‬والمﻘ ُﺼﻮ ُد ﻣﻨ ُﻪ ا ﱠﻟﻠﻴ َﻠ ُﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳَﺴﺘ ِﻬ ﱡﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟ ِﻬﻼ ُل ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﻴ َﺤﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻳَ َﻘ ُﻊ اﻻﺳ ِﺘﻌﺪا ُد ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒْﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺄَﻳﱠﺎ ٍم‪ .‬ﻓﺄَﺑْ َ ْﴫﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻧَ ِﺼ ُﻒ ﺑ ْﻌ َﻀ ُﻪ‬ ‫— َﻋ َﲆ ِﺟﻬ ِﺔ اﻻﺧ ِﺘﺼﺎ ِر — وذﻟﻚ ﻷَﻧﱠﺎ ﻋﺎﻳَﻨﱠﺎ َﺷﻮار َع »ﻣﻜ َﺔ« وأَ ِز ﱠﻗﺘَﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ َﻋ ْ ِﴫ ﻳ ْﻮ ِم اﻷَر ِﺑﻌﺎ ِء‬ ‫— وﻫﻲ اﻟ َﻌ ِﺸﻴﱠ ُﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ا ْرﺗُ ِﻘ َﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟ ِﻬﻼ ُل — ﻗﺪ اﻣﺘَﻸَ ْت َﻫﻮاد َج‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﺸﺪود ًة َﻋ َﲆ ا ِﻹﺑ ِﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣ ْﻜ ُﺴ ﱠﻮ ًة ﺑﺄَﻧﻮا ِع ِﻛﺴﺎءِ اﻟﺤﺮﻳ ِﺮ وﻏي ِرﻫﺎ — ﻣﻦ ِﺛﻴﺎ ِب اﻟ َﻜﺘﱠﺎ ِن اﻟ ﱠﺮ ِﻓﻴﻌ ِﺔ — ِﺑﺤ َﺴ ِﺐ َﺳ َﻌ ِﺔ أﺣﻮا ِل‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎﺑﻬﺎ و َو ْﻓ ِﺮ ِﻫﻢ ) ِﻏﻨﺎ ُﻫﻢ(‪ ،‬ﻛ ﱞﻞ ﻳﺘﺄَﻧﱠ ُﻖ وﻳَﺤﺘَ ِﻔ ُﻞ ﺑ َﻘﺪ ِر ا ْﺳﺘﻄﺎ َﻋ ِﺘ ِﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﺄ َﺧﺬُوا ﰲ اﻟ ُﺨﺮو ِج‬ ‫إِﱃ اﻟﺘﱠﻨ ِﻌﻴ ِﻢ — ِﻣﻴﻘﺎ ِت ال ُمﻌﺘَﻤ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ — ﻓﺴﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟ َﻬﻮاد ُج ﰲ أَﺑﺎ ِﻃﺢ »ﻣﻜ َﺔ« )أَ ْو ِدﻳ ِﺘﻬﺎ(‬ ‫وﺷﻌﺎ ِﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وا ِﻹﺑ ُﻞ ﻗﺪ ُزﻳﱢﻨَ ْﺖ ﺗَﺤﺘَﻬﺎ ﺑﺄَﻧﻮا ِع اﻟﺘﱠ ْﺰﻳي ِن‪ ،‬وأُﺷﻌ َﺮ ْت ) ُو ِﺿ َﻊ ﻟﻬﺎ ِﺷﻌﺎ ٌر( ﺑﻐي ِر َﻫ ْﺪ ٍي‬ ‫) ُدون أن ﺗ ُﻜﻮ َن ُﻣ ْﻬﺪا ًة إِﱃ ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﺮ ِم(‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻼﺋ َﺪ راﺋ َﻘﺔ ال َمﻨ َﻈ ِﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻳ ِﺮ وﻏي ِره‪ .‬و ُرﺑﱠﻤﺎ ﻓﺎ َﺿ ِﺖ‬ ‫اﻷَﺳﺘﺎ ُر اﻟﺘﻲ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟ َﻬﻮاد ِج‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗَ ْﺴ َﺤ َﺐ أَذﻳﺎ َﻟﻬﺎ َﻋ َﲆ اﻷَ ْر ِض‪.‬‬ ‫‪91‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ﺑﻨ ُﺖ ﻋ ﱠﻤﺔ اﻷَﻣي ِر‬ ‫وﻣﻦ أَﻏ َﺮ ِب ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎ َﻫ ْﺪﻧﺎ ُه ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ َﻫ ْﻮ َد ُج اﻟ ﱠ ِﴩﻳ َﻔ ِﺔ » ُﺟﻤﺎﻧَ َﺔ«‪ :‬ﺑﻨ ِﺖ ﻋ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ اﻷ ِﻣير » ُﻣ ْﻜﺜ ٍﺮ«؛ ﻓﺈ ﱠن‬ ‫أذﻳﺎ َل ِﺳ ْ ِﱰ ِه ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻨْ َﺴ ِﺤ ُﺐ َﻋ َﲆ اﻷَ ْر ِض اﻧْ ِﺴﺤﺎﺑًﺎ‪ .‬وﻏيرُه ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮادج ﺣﺮ ِم اﻷﻣي ِر‪ ،‬وﺣﺮ ِم‬ ‫ُﻗ ﱠﻮا ِد ِه‪ ،‬إﱃ ﻏي ِر ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮاد َج ﻟﻢ ﻧَ ْﺴﺘَ ِﻄ ْﻊ ﺗَ ْﻘ ِﻴﻴﺪ ِﻋ ﱠﺪ ِﺗﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻋﺠ ًﺰا ﻋﻦ ا ِﻹ ْﺣﺼﺎءِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺗَﻠﻮ ُح ﻋﲆ ﻇﻬﻮ ِر ا ِﻹ ِﺑ ِﻞ ﻛﺎﻟ ِﻘﺒﺎ ِب ال َم ْﴬوﺑَ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴ َﺨﻴﱠﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﻇ ِﺮ إﻟﻴْﻬﺎ أﻧﻬﺎ َﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻠ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ُﴐﺑﺖ أَﺑﻨﻴﺘُﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻟ ْﻮن راﺋ ٍﻖ‪ .‬وﻟﻢ ﻳَﺒْ َﻖ — ﻟﻴﻠ َﺔ اﻟﺨﻤﻴ ِﺲ ﻫﺬه — ﺑ» َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ«‪ ،‬إﻻ‬ ‫ﻣ َﻦ َﺧ َﺮ َج ﻟﻠ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮ ِة ﻣﻦ أ ْﻫ ِﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣ َﻦ المﺠﺎورﻳ َﻦ‪ .‬و ُﻛﻨّﺎ ﰲ ُﺟ ْﻤ َﻠ ِﺔ َﻣ ْﻦ َﺧ َﺮ َج‪ ،‬ﻓﻜ ْﺪﻧﺎ ﻻ ﻧﺘَ َﺨ ﱠﻠ ُﺺ‬ ‫إﱃ َﻣ ْﺴﺠ ِﺪ »ﻋﺎ ِﺋ َﺸ َﺔ« ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺰﺣﺎ ِم‪ ،‬واﻧْ ِﺴﺪا ِد ﺛَ ِﻨﻴﱠﺎ ِت اﻟ ﱠﻄ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ ﺑﺎﻟ َﻬﻮاد ِج‪ .‬واﻟﻨﱢيرا ُن ﻗﺪ أُ ْﺷ ِﻌ َﻠﺖ‬ ‫ِﺑﺤﺎ َﻓﺘَ ِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺮﻳ ِﻖ ُﻛ ﱢﻠﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺸ َﻤ ُﻊ ﻳَﺘﱠ ِﻘ ُﺪ ﺑي َن أَﻳْ ِﺪي ا ِﻹ ِﺑ ِﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻴْﻬﺎ ﻫﻮا ِد ُج ﻣﻦ ﻳُﺸﺎ ُر إﻟﻴ ِﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َﻋﻘﺎﺋ ِﻞ ِﻧﺴﺎءِ »ﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ« ﻓﻠ ﱠﻤﺎ َﻗ َﻀﻴْﻨﺎ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮ َة َو ُﻃ ْﻔﻨﺎ‪َ ،‬وﺟﺌْﻨﺎ ﻟﻠ ﱠﺴ ْﻌ ِﻲ ﺑين اﻟ ﱠﺼﻔﺎ وال َم ْﺮ َو ِة —‬ ‫َوﻗﺪ َﻣ َﴣ َﻫ ْﺪ ٌء )ﺟﺎﻧﺐ( ﻣﻦ ا ﱠﻟﻠﻴْ ِﻞ — أَﺑْ َ ْﴫﻧﺎ ُه ُﻛ ﱠﻠ ُﻪ ُ ُﴎ ًﺟﺎ ) َﻣﺼﺎ ِﺑﻴ َﺢ( وﻧِيراﻧًﺎ‪ .‬و َﻗ ْﺪ َﻏ ﱠﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺴﺎﻋي َن واﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ِﻋﻴﺎ ِت َﻋ َﲆ َﻫﻮادﻫ ﱢﻦ‪ .‬ﻓ ُﻜﻨﱠﺎ ﻻ ﻧَﺘَ َﺨ ﱠﻠ ُﺺ إﻻ ﺑي َن َﻫﻮا ِد ِﺟ ِﻬ ﱠﻦ وﺑي َن ﻗﻮاﺋ ِﻢ ا ِﻹﺑ ِﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻟﻜﺜْ َﺮ ِة اﻟ ﱢﺰﺣﺎم وا ْﺻﻄﻜﺎك اﻟ َﻬﻮادج — ﺑَ ْﻌ ِﻀﻬﺎ َﻋ َﲆ ﺑَ ْﻌ ٍﺾ — ﻓﻌﺎﻳَﻨﱠﺎ ﻟﻴﻠ ًﺔ ﻫﻲ ِﻣ ْﻦ أ ْﻏ َﺮ ِب‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺎ ِﱄ اﻟ ﱡﺪﻧْﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻤ ْﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻳُﻌﺎ ِﻳ ْﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻢ ﻳُﻌﺎﻳ ْﻦ َﻋﺠﺒًﺎ ﻳُ َﺤ ﱢﺪ ُث ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ َﻋ َﺠﺒًﺎ ﻳُ َﺬ ﱢﻛ ُﺮ ُه َﻣ ْﺮأَى اﻟﺤ ْ ِﴩ‬ ‫ﻳ ْﻮ َم اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟ َﻜﺜْ َﺮ ِة اﻟﺨﻼﺋ ِﻖ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺤ ِﺮﻣين‪ُ ،‬ﻣ َﻠﺒﱢين‪ ،‬دا ِﻋين إﱃ ِﷲ ﺿﺎ ِرﻋي َن‪ .‬واﻟﺠﺒﺎ ُل‬ ‫ال ُم َﻜ ﱠﺮﻣ ُﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ِﺑﺤﺎﻓﺘَ ِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺮﻳ ِﻖ ﺗُﺠﻴﺒُ ُﻬﻢ ِﺑﺼﺪاﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ا ْﺳﺘَ ﱠﻜ ِﺖ المﺴﺎﻣ ُﻊ )أُ ِﺻﻴﺒَ ْﺖ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺼ َﻤ ِﻢ(‪،‬‬ ‫و ُﺳ ِﻜﺒَ ْﺖ — ِﻣﻦ َﻫ ْﻮ ِل ﺗﻠ َﻚ ال ُمﻌﺎﻳﻨَ ِﺔ — ال َمﺪاﻣ ُﻊ‪َ ،‬وذاﺑَ ِﺖ اﻟﻘﻠﻮ ُب اﻟﺨﻮاﺷ ُﻊ‪ .‬وﰲ ﺗﻠ َﻚ اﻟﻠﻴْ َﻠ ِﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣ ِﻠﺊَ ال َمﺴ ِﺠ ُﺪ اﻟﺤﺮا ُم ُﻛ ﱡﻠﻪ ُ ُﴎ ًﺟﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺘَﻸْﻷَ ﻧُﻮ ًرا‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (10‬ﻣ ْﻬ َﺮﺟﺎ ُن اﻟ ﱡﺮ ْؤﻳَ ِﺔ‬ ‫َوﻋﻨْ َﺪ ﺛُﺒﻮ ِت ُر ْؤﻳ ِﺔ اﻟ ِﻬﻼ ِل — ﻋﻨْ َﺪ اﻷَﻣي ِر — أَﻣ َﺮ ﺑ َ ْﴬب اﻟﺒُﻮﻗﺎ ِت واﻟ ﱠﺪﺑﺎ ِدب )اﻟ ﱡﻄﺒﻮ ِل(‪،‬‬ ‫إِ ْﺷﻌﺎ ًر ﺑﺄَﻧﱠﻬﺎ ﻟﻴ َﻠ ُﺔ ال َم ْﻮ ِﺳ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓ َﻠ ﱠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧَ ْﺖ َﺻﺒﻴﺤ ُﺔ ﻟﻴ َﻠ ِﺔ اﻟﺨﻤﻴ ِﺲ‪َ ،‬ﺧ َﺮ َج إﱃ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤﺮة ﰲ ا ْﺣ ِﺘﻔﺎ ٍل ﻟﻢ ﻳُ ْﺴ َﻤ ْﻊ ِﺑ ِﻤﺜ ْﻠ ِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻧْ َﺤ َﺸ َﺪ ﻟﻪ أﻫ ُﻞ »ﻣﻜ َﺔ« ﻋ َﲆ ﺑَ ْﻜ َﺮ ِة أَﺑﻴ ِﻬ ْﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﺨ َﺮﺟﻮا — َﻋ َﲆ أَ ْﻗﺪا ِرﻫﻢ َوﻣﺮاﺗﺒ ِﻬ ْﻢ — ﻗﺒﻴﻠ ًﺔ‬ ‫‪92‬‬

‫ﻋﺎدا ٌت وﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻴ َﻠ ًﺔ‪َ ،‬وﺣﺎ َر ًة ﺣﺎ َر ًة‪ ،‬ﺷﺎ ِﻛي َن اﻷَ ْﺳ ِﻠ َﺤ َﺔ )ﺣﺎ ِﻣﻠي َن َﻟﻬﺎ( ُﻓ ْﺮﺳﺎﻧًﺎ ور ﱠﺟﺎﻟ ًﺔ )را ِﻛﺒي َن ﻟﻸَﻓﺮا ِس‬ ‫و ُﻣﺸﺎ ًة(‪ .‬ﻓﺎ ْﺟﺘَ َﻤ َﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﺪ ٌد ﻻ ﻳُ ْﺤ َﴡ ﻛﺜﺮ ًة‪ ،‬ﻳَﺘَ َﻌ ﱠﺠ ُﺐ ال ُمﻌﺎ ِﻳ ُﻦ ﻟ ُﻬ ْﻢ ِﻟ ُﻮﻓﻮ ِر َﻋﺪدﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻠﻮ‬ ‫أَﻧﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼد َﺟ ﱠﻤﺔ ﻟﻜﺎﻧﻮا َﻋﺠﺒًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴْ َﻒ َو ُﻫ ْﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑ َﻠ ٍﺪ واﺣ ٍﺪ‪ .‬وﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻳَ ْﺨ ُﺮﺟﻮن َﻋ َﲆ ﺗَ ْﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫َﻋﺠﻴﺐ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺮ ﱠﺟﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ ﻳَﺘَﻮاﺛَﺒﻮن‪ ،‬وﻳَﺘﺜﺎ َﻗ ُﻔﻮن )ﻳﺘﻀﺎ َرﺑُﻮن( ﺑﺎﻷَ ْﺳ ِﻠ َﺤ ِﺔ ﰲ أَﻳْ ِﺪﻳﻬﻢ‪ِ :‬ﺣﺮاﺑًﺎ و ُﺳﻴﻮ ًﻓﺎ‬ ‫و َﺣ َﺠ ًﻔﺎ )وا ْﻟ َﺤ َﺠﻒ‪ِ :‬ﻗ َﻄ ٌﻊ ِﻣﻦ ُﺟﻠﻮ ٍد ﺑﻼ َﺧ َﺸﺐ َوﻻ َﺣﺒْﻞ‪ ،‬ﻳُﺘﱠ َﻘﻰ ﺑﻬﺎ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺴﻴُﻮف(‪َ .‬و ُﻫ ْﻢ‬ ‫ﻳُ ْﻈﻬ ُﺮو َن اﻟﺘﱠﻄﺎ ُﻋ َﻦ ﺑَ ْﻌ ُﻀﻬﻢ ﻟﺒَ ْﻌﺾ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﱠﻀﺎ ُرب ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺴﻴﻮ ِف‪ ،‬وال ُمﺪاﻓﻌ َﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ َﺤ َﺠ ِﻒ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻢ ِﻣ َﺠ ﱞﻦ ) ِوﻗﺎﻳَ ٌﺔ( ﻳَ ْﺴﺘَ ِﺠﻨﱡﻮ َن ﺑﻪ )ﻳَﺘﱠﻘﻮن(‪ .‬وأَ ْﻇ َﻬ ُﺮوا ﻣﻦ اﻟ ِﺤ ْﺬ ِق ﺑﺎﻟﺜﱢﻘﺎ ِف واﻟ ِﺠﻼ ِد )ال ُمﻼ َﻋﺒَ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ واﻟﺴﻴﻮف( ُﻛ ﱠﻞ أَﻣ ٍﺮ ُﻣ ْﺴﺘَ ْﻐﺮ ٍب‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (11‬ﻣﻮ ِﻛ ُﺐ اﻷَﻣير‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻳَ ْﺮﻣﻮ َن ﺑﺎﻟ ِﺤﺮا ِب إﱃ اﻟﻬﻮا ِء‪ ،‬وﻳُﺒﺎ ِدرو َن إﻟﻴْﻬﺎ َﻟ ْﻘ ًﻔﺎ ﺑﺄَﻳْ ِﺪﻳ ِﻬ ْﻢ — وﻫ َﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗَ َﺼ ﱠﻮﺑَ ْﺖ‬ ‫أَ ِﺳﻨﱠﺘُﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ُرءو ِﺳ ِﻬ ْﻢ — َو ُﻫ ْﻢ ﰲ ِزﺣﺎم ﻻ ﻳُ ْﻤ ِﻜ ُﻦ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ال َمﺠﺎ ُل )اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْير(‪ ،‬و ُرﺑﱠﻤﺎ َر َﻣﻰ ﺑﻌ ُﻀﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺴﻴﻮ ِف ﰲ اﻟﻬﻮا ِء‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺘ َﻠ ﱠﻘ ْﻮﻧﻬﺎ — َﻗﺒْ ًﻀﺎ ﻋ َﲆ ﻗﻮا ِﺋﻤﻬﺎ — ﻛﺄَﻧﱠﻬﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗُﻔﺎ ِر ْق أَﻳْ ِﺪﻳَ ُﻬ ْﻢ‪ ،‬إﱃ أَن‬ ‫َﺧ َﺮ َج اﻷَﻣيرُ‪ ،‬ﻳَ ْﺰ َﺣ ُﻒ ﺑَ ْي َن ﻗ ﱠﻮا ِد ِه‪ ،‬وأَﺑﻨﺎ ُؤ ُه أَﻣﺎ َﻣ ُﻪ — وﻗ ْﺪ ﻗﺎ َرﺑﻮا ِﺳ ﱠﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺸﺒﺎ ِب — واﻟ ﱠﺮاﻳﺎ ُت‬ ‫ﺗﺨ ُﻔ ُﻖ أَﻣﺎﻣ ُﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺪﺑﺎ ِد ُب )اﻟ ﱡﻄﺒﻮ ُل( ﺑ ْي َن ﻳﺪﻳْ ِﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺴﻜﻴﻨ ُﺔ واﻟ َﻮﻗﺎ ُر ﺗَﻔﻴﻀﺎن ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗ ِﺪ‬ ‫ا ْﻣﺘَﻸَ ِت اﻟﺠﺒﺎ ُل واﻟ ﱡﻄ ُﺮ ُق واﻟﺜﱠ ِﻨﻴﱠﺎ ُت ) َﻣﻄﺎﻟ ُﻊ اﻟﺠﺒﺎ ِل‪ ،‬وأَﻋﺎ ِﱄ اﻟ ﱡﻄ ُﺮ ِق( ﺑﺎﻟﻨﱠ ﱠﻈﺎ َر ِة ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴ ِﻊ‬ ‫ال ُمﺠﺎورﻳ َﻦ‪ .‬ﻓ َﻠ ﱠﻤﺎ اﻧْﺘﻬﻰ إِﱃ الِمﻴﻘﺎ ِت ) َﻣ ْﻮ ِﺿ ِﻊ ا ِﻹ ْﺣﺮا ِم(‪َ ،‬و َﻗﴣ َﻏﺮ َﺿ ُﻪ‪ ،‬أَﺧﺬ ﰲ اﻟ ﱡﺮ ُﺟﻮ ِع‪َ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺗَﺮﺗﱠ َﺐ اﻟ َﻌ ْﺴﻜﺮا ِن ﺑين ﻳَ َﺪﻳْ ِﻪ ﻋ َﲆ َﻟ ِﻌﺒ ِﻬ ْﻢ وﻣ َﺮ ِﺣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺮ ﱠﺟﺎﻟ ُﺔ َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﺎ َوﺻﻔﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﱠﺠﺎ ُول‬ ‫وال ُمﺼﺎ َو َﻟ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وﻗ ْﺪ ر ِﻛ َﺐ ُﺟ ْﻤ َﻠ ٌﺔ ﻣﻦ أَ ْﻋﺮا ِب اﻟﺒَﻮا ِدي ﻧُ ُﺠﺒًﺎ ) ِﺟﻤﺎ ًﻻ ﻛﺮﻳﻤ ًﺔ( َﻟﻢ ﻳُ َﺮ ﰲ اﻟ ِﺠﻴﺎ ِد‬ ‫أَﺟ َﻤ ُﻞ َﻣﻨﻈ ًﺮا ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪َ .‬و ُر ﱠﻛﺎﺑُﻬﺎ ﻳُﺴﺎ ِﺑﻘﻮ َن اﻟﺨﻴْ َﻞ ِﺑﻬﺎ ﺑين ﻳَ َﺪ ِي اﻷَﻣير‪ ،‬را ِﻓﻌي َن أَ ْﺻﻮاﺗَ ُﻬ ْﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺪﻋﺎءِ ﻟﻪ واﻟﺜﱠﻨﺎ ِء ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬إﱃ أ ْن َوﺻ َﻞ ال َم ْﺴ ِﺠ َﺪ اﻟﺤﺮا َم‪ .‬ﻓﻄﺎ َف ﺑ»اﻟ َﻜ ْﻌﺒ ِﺔ« واﻟ ُﻘ ﱠﺮاءُ أﻣﺎ َﻣ ُﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وال ُم َﺆذﱢ ُن اﻟ ﱠﺰ ْﻣ َﺰ ِﻣ ﱡﻲ ﻳُ َﻐ ﱢﺮ ُد ﰲ َﺳ ْﻄ ِﺢ ُﻗﺒﱠ ِﺔ » َز ْﻣ َﺰ َم«‪ ،‬راﻓ ًﻌﺎ َﻋﻘيرﺗَﻪ ) َﺻ ْﻮﺗَﻪ( ﺑﺘﻬ ِﻨﺌَ ِﺘﻪ ﺑﺎل َم ْﻮﺳ ِﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺜﱠﻨﺎ ِء ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱡﺪﻋﺎ ِء ﻟﻪ َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻌﺎ َد ِة‪.‬‬ ‫‪93‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫)‪ (12‬ﺑَﻌﺪ اﻟ ﱠﻄﻮاف‬ ‫ﻓﻠ ﱠﻤﺎ َﻓ َﺮغ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻄﻮا ِف‪ ،‬ﺻ ﱠﲆ ﻋﻨﺪ »ال ُم ْﻠﺘ َﺰ ِم«‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺟﺎ َء إِﱃ ال َمﻘﺎ ِم وﺻ ﱠﲆ ﺧﻠ َﻔ ُﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ أُ ْﺧ ِﺮ َج ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻌﺒ ِﺔ َو ُو ِﺿ َﻊ ﰲ ُﻗﺒﱠﺘِ ِﻪ اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳُﺼ ﱠﲆ ﺧ ْﻠ َﻔﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻓ َﺮ َغ ﻣﻦ َﺻﻼﺗ ِﻪ ُر ِﻓﻌﺖ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻘﺒﱠﺔ ﻋﻦ ال َمﻘﺎ ِم‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻠﻤ ُﻪ ) َﻗﺒﱠ َﻠ ُﻪ( وﺗَ َﻤ ﱠﺴ َﺢ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ أُﻋﻴﺪت اﻟﻘﺒ ُﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬وأَﺧ َﺬ ﰲ اﻟ ُﺨﺮو ِج َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب »اﻟﺼﻔﺎ« إﱃ »ال َم ْﺴ َﻌﻰ«‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻌﻰ را ِﻛﺒًﺎ واﻟﻘﻮا ُد ُﻣ ِﻄﻴ ُﻔﻮ َن ﺑﻪ واﻟ ﱠﺮ ﱠﺟﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ أَﻣﺎ َﻣﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻠ ّﻤﺎ ﻓ َﺮ َغ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻌﻲ ا ْﺳﺘُ ﱠﻠ ِﺖ اﻟﺴﻴﻮ ُف أَﻣﺎ َﻣﻪ‪ ،‬وأَﺣ َﺪﻗﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻷَﺷﻴﺎ ُع )اﻟﺘﱠﺎ ِﺑ ُﻌﻮن(‪ ،‬وﺗَ َﻮ ﱠﺟﻪ إِﱃ َﻣﻨْ ِﺰﻟﻪ‬ ‫— َﻋ َﲆ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻬﺎﺋ َﻠ ِﺔ — ُﻣﺘْﻌﺒًﺎ‪ ،‬وﺑ ِﻘ َﻲ ال َم ْﺴﻌﻰ — ﻳَﻮ َﻣﻪ ذﻟﻚ — ﻳَ ُﻤﻮ ُج ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ِﻋي َن‬ ‫واﻟ ﱠﺴﺎ ِﻋﻴﺎ ِت‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (13‬ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮة‬ ‫ﻓﻠ ﱠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻴَ ْﻮ ُم اﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧﻲ — وﻫﻮ ﻳﻮ ُم اﻟ ُﺠ ُﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ — ﻛﺎ َن َﻃﺮﻳ ُﻖ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮة ﰲ اﻟ ِﻌﻤﺎر ِة واﻟ ﱢﺰﺣﺎ ِم‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ أَ ْﻣ ِﺴ ِﻪ‪ :‬راﻛﺒين وﻣﺎﺷين ِرﺟﺎ ًﻻ َو ِﻧﺴﺎ ًء‪ .‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎ ُء المﺎﺷﻴﺎ ُت ال ُمﺘَﺄَ ﱢﺟﺮا ُت ﻛﺜيرا ٌت‬ ‫ﻳُﺴﺎ ِﺑ ْﻘ َﻦ اﻟﺮﺟﺎ َل ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺴ ِﺒﻴ ِﻞ ال ُمﺒﺎ َر َﻛ ِﺔ‪ .‬وﰲ أَﺛﻨﺎ ِء ذﻟﻚ ﻳُﻼ ِﻗﻰ اﻟ ﱢﺮﺟﺎ ُل ﺑﻌ ُﻀ ُﻬﻢ ﺑَ ْﻌ ًﻀﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻓﻴَﺘَﺼﺎ َﻓ ُﺤﻮ َن وﻳﺘَﻬﺎ َد ْو َن اﻟ ﱡﺪﻋﺎءَ واﻟﺘﱠﻐﺎ ُﻓ َﺮ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﱢﺴﺎءُ َﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬واﻟﻜ ﱡﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻗﺪ َﻟ ِﺒﺲ‬ ‫أَ ْﻓ َﺨﺮ ﺛﻴﺎﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وا ْﺣﺘَ َﻔ َﻞ ا ْﺣ ِﺘﻔﺎ َل أَ ْﻫ ِﻞ اﻟ ِﺒﻼ ِد ﻟﻸَﻋﻴﺎ ِد‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (14‬اﻟﺒَ َﻠ ُﺪ اﻷَﻣين‬ ‫وأَ ﱠﻣﺎ أَﻫ ُﻞ اﻟﺒَ َﻠ ِﺪ اﻷَﻣي ِن‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬا ال َم ْﻮ ِﺳ ُﻢ ِﻋﻴ ُﺪﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﻳُ َﻌﺒﱡﻮن )ﻳُ َﺠ ﱢﻬ ُﺰون(‪ ،‬وﺑﻪ ﻳَ ْﺤﺘَ ِﻔﻠُﻮن‪ ،‬وﰲ‬ ‫ال ُمﺒﺎﻫﺎ ِة ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﻳَﺘَﻨﺎ َﻓ ُﺴﻮن‪ ،‬وﻟ ُﻪ ﻳُﻌ ﱢﻈﻤﻮن‪ .‬وﻓﻴﻪ ﺗَﻨْ ُﻔ ُﻖ أِﺳﻮا ُﻗﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﺗَ ُﺮو ُج َﺻﻨﺎ ِﺋ ُﻌﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻳُ َﻘ ﱢﺪﻣﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱠ َﻈﺮ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ واﻻ ْﺳ ِﺘﻌ َﺪا َد ﻟﻪ ﺑﺄَ ْﺷ ُﻬ ٍﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣ ْﻦ َﻟ ِﻄﻴ ِﻒ ُﺻﻨْ ِﻊ ﷲ ﺑ َﺤﺮ ِﻣ ِﻪ اﻷَﻣي ِن أَ ﱠن َﻗﺒﺎﺋ َﻞ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻴَ َﻤ ِﻦ — أَ ْﻫ َﻞ ِﺟﺒﺎ ٍل َﺣ ِﺼﻴﻨَﺔ‬ ‫— ﺗُ ْﻌ َﺮ ُف ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠ َﴪا ِة‪ ،‬ﻳَﺴﺘ ِﻌ ﱡﺪو َن ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮ ِل ﻣﻦ »اﻟﻴﻤ ِﻦ« إِﱃ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒَ ْﻠ َﺪ ِة ال ُمﺒﺎ َر َﻛ ِﺔ َﻗﺒْ َﻞ ُﺣﻠُﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ َﻌ َ َﴩ ِة أَﻳﱠﺎم‪ ،‬ﻓﻴَ ْﺠ َﻤ ُﻌﻮ َن ﺑَ ْي َن اﻟﻨﱢﻴﱠ ِﺔ ﰲ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤﺮ ِة و ِﻣي َر ِة اﻟﺒَ َﻠ ِﺪ )ﺗَ ْﻮﻓي ِر اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِد َﻟ ُﻪ( ِﺑ ُ ُﴬو ٍب ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷَ ْﻃﻌﻤ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎ ْﻟ ِﺤﻨْ َﻄ ِﺔ وﺳﺎﺋ ِﺮ اﻟﺤﺒﻮ ِب‪ ،‬إِﱃ اﻟ ﱡﻠﻮ ِﺑﻴﺎء إﱃ ﻣﺎ ُدوﻧَﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻳَ ْﺠﻠُﺒُﻮن اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﻤ َﻦ واﻟ َﻌ َﺴ َﻞ‬ ‫واﻟ ﱠﺰﺑﻴ َﺐ وا ﱠﻟﻠ ْﻮ َز‪.‬‬ ‫‪94‬‬

‫ﻋﺎدا ٌت وﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺠﻤ ُﻊ ِﻣيرﺗُﻬﻢ ) َﻃﻌﺎﻣﻬﻢ( ﺑين اﻟ ﱠﻄﻌﺎ ِم )اﻟﻘﻤﺢ وا ِﻹدام( وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳُ ْﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻊ ا ْﻟﺨﺒﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أَ ْﻟﻮان ال َمﺄْ ُﻛﻮ ِل واﻟﻔﺎ ِﻛ َﻬ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻳَ ِﺼﻠُﻮن ﰲ آﻻ ٍف ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﺪ ِد رﺟﺎ ًﻻ و ِﺟﻤﺎ ًﻻ ُﻣﻮ َﻗﺮ ًة ُﻣﺜْ َﻘ َﻠ ًﺔ‬ ‫)ﺑﺠﻤﻴ ِﻊ ﻣﺎ ذُ ِﻛ َﺮ(‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُي ْر ِﻏ ُﺪو َن َﻣﻌﺎ ِﻳ َﺶ أَ ْﻫ ِﻞ اﻟﺒَ َﻠ ِﺪ والمﺠﺎ ِورﻳ َﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻳَﺘَ َﻘ ﱠﻮﺗُﻮن وﻳَ ﱠﺪﺧﺮون‪،‬‬ ‫وﺗَ ْﺮ ُﺧﺺ اﻷَ ْﺳﻌﺎ ُر وﺗَ ُﻌ ﱡﻢ ال َمﺮا ِﻓ ُﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴُ ِﻌ ﱡﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ُس ﻣﺎ ﻳَﻜ ِﻔﻴﻬﻢ ﻟﻌﺎ ِﻣﻬﻢ إِﱃ ِﻣيرَة أُ ْﺧ َﺮى‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻮﻻ ﻫﺬه الِمير ُة ﻟﻜﺎ َن أَﻫ ُﻞ »ﻣﻜ َﺔ« ﰲ َﺷ َﻈ ِﻒ ) َﺿﻴﻖ و ُﺧ ُﺸﻮﻧَ ٍﺔ( ﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌﻴْ ِﺶ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (15‬اﻟﺒَﻴﻊ ﺑﺎل ُمﻘﺎﻳَ َﻀﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﺠﺐ — ﰲ أَ ْﻣ ِﺮ ﻫﺆﻻ ِء المﺎ ِﺋﺮﻳ َﻦ — أَﻧﱠ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﻻ ﻳَ ِﺒﻴ ُﻌﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ َذ َﻛ ْﺮﻧﺎ ُه ِﺑ ِﺪﻳﻨﺎ ٍر‬ ‫وﻻ ِﺑ ِﺪ ْر َﻫ ٍﻢ‪ ،‬إِﻧﻤﺎ ﻳَ ِﺒﻴ ُﻌﻮﻧَ ُﻪ ﺑﺎﻟ ِﺨ َﺮ َق واﻟ َﻌﺒﺎءَا ِت واﻟ ﱢﺸ َﻤ ِﻞ ) َﺟ ْﻤ ِﻊ َﺷ ْﻤ َﻠ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬و ِﻫ َﻲ ِﻛﺴﺎءٌ واﺳ ٌﻊ‬ ‫ﻳُ ْﺸﺘَ َﻤ ُﻞ ﺑ ِﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄَﻫ ُﻞ »ﻣﻜ َﺔ« ﻳُ ِﻌ ﱡﺪون ﻟﻬﻢ — َﻣ َﻊ ﻫﺬا — اﻷَ ْﻗ ِﻨﻌ َﺔ )ﺟﻤ َﻊ ِﻗﻨﺎع( وال َمﻼ ِﺣ َﻒ الِمﺘﺎن‬ ‫)ال ُم ْﺤ َﻜ َﻤﺔ اﻟ ﱡﺼﻨْ ِﻊ( وﻣﺎ أ ْﺷﺒَ َﻪ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳ ْﻠﺒَ ُﺴ ُﻪ اﻷَ ْﻋﺮا ُب‪ ،‬وﻳُﺒﺎ ِﻳ ُﻌﻮﻧَ ُﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ وﻳُﺸﺎروﻧَ ُﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫و ِﺑﻼ ُدﻫﻢ — َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﺎ ذُ ِﻛ َﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ — َﺧ ِﺼﻴﺒَ ًﺔ ُﻣﺘﱠ ِﺴ َﻌ ًﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺜير ُة اﻟﺘﱢي ِن واﻟ ِﻌﻨَ ِﺐ‪ ،‬وا ِﺳ َﻌ ُﺔ ال ُم َﺤ ﱠﺮ ِث‬ ‫)ال َم ْﺰروع( واﻓﺮ ُة اﻟ َﻐﻼﱠ ِت‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ا ْﻋﺘَ َﻘ ُﺪوا ا ْﻋ ِﺘ َﻘﺎ ًدا َﺻ ِﺤﻴ ًﺤﺎ أَ ﱠن اﻟ َ َﱪ َﻛ َﺔ ﻛ ﱠﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫ ِﺬ ِه الِمي َر ِة اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳ ْﺠﻠُﺒﻮﻧَﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ ِﺗﺠﺎ َرة را ِﺑ َﺤﺔ ﻣﻊ ِﷲ ﻋ ﱠﺰ و َﺟ ﱠﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (16‬ﻃﻮاف اﻟ ﱠﴪا ِة‬ ‫وﻫ ُﺆﻻ ِء اﻟ ﱠﴪاة َﻋ َﺮ ٌب ُ َﴏﺣﺎ ُء ُﻓ َﺼﺤﺎءُ‪ُ ،‬ﺟﻔﺎ ٌة ) ِﻏﻼ ُظ اﻟ ِﻌ ْﴩ ِة( أَ ِﺻ ﱠﺤﺎءُ‪ ،‬ﻟﻢ ﺗُ َﻐ ﱢﺬ ِﻫﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺮﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ َﺤ َ ِﴬﻳﱠ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻫﺬﱠﺑْﺘُ ُﻬﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺴ َيرُ ال َم َﺪ ِﻧﻴﱠ ُﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ َﺳ ﱠﺪ َدت ﻣﻘﺎﺻ َﺪﻫﻢ اﻟ ﱡﺴﻨَ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱠ ْﴩﻋﻴﱠ ُﺔ ﻓﻼ ﺗَﺠ ُﺪ‬ ‫َﻟ َﺪﻳْﻬﻢ — ِﻣ ْﻦ أَ ْﻋﻤﺎ ِل اﻟ ِﻌﺒﺎدا ِت — ِﺳ َﻮا ِﺻ ْﺪق اﻟﻨﱢﻴﱠ ِﺔ‪َ .‬ﻓ ُﻬ ْﻢ — إذا ﻃﺎ ُﻓﻮا ﺑﺎﻟ َﻜ ْﻌﺒَ ِﺔ ال ُم َﻘ ﱠﺪ َﺳ ِﺔ —‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻄﺎ َر ُﺣﻮن ﻋﻠﻴْﻬﺎ ﺗَﻄﺎ ُر َح اﻟﺒﻨِي َن ﻋﲆ اﻷُ ﱢم ال ُم ْﺸ ِﻔ َﻘ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ِﺋ ِﺬﻳ َﻦ ﺑ ِﺠﻮا ِرﻫﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺘﻌ ﱢﻠ ِﻘي َن ﺑﺄَ ْﺳﺘﺎرﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓ َﺤﻴْﺜُﻤﺎ َﻋ ِﻠﻘﺖ أَﻳْﺪﻳ ِﻬﻢ ﻣﻨْﻬﺎ ﺗَ َﻤ ﱠﺰ َق‪ِ ،‬ﻟ ِﺸ ﱠﺪ ِة ا ْﺟﺘﺬا ِﺑ ِﻬﻢ ﻟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬واﻧ ِﻜﺒﺎﺑﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴْﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﰲ أَﺛْﻨﺎءِ ذﻟﻚ ﺗَ ْﺼ َﺪ ُع أَ ْﻟ ِﺴﻨَﺘُﻬﻢ )ﺗَ ْﺠ َﻬ ُﺮ( ﺑﺄَ ْدﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﺘ َﺼ ﱠﺪ ُع ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟ ُﻘﻠُﻮ ُب )ﺗَﺘَ َﺸ ﱠﻘ ُﻖ(‪،‬‬ ‫وﺗَﺘَ َﻔ ﱠﺠ ُﺮ اﻷَ ْﻋ ُي ُن اﻟ َﺠﻮا ِﻣ ُﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘَ ُﺼﻮ ُب ُدﻣﻮ ُﻋﻬﺎ )ﺗَ ِﺴﻴﻞ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓ َﱰى اﻟﻨﺎ َس َﺣ ْﻮ َﻟﻬﻢ ﺑﺎ ِﺳ ِﻄﻲ أَﻳْ ِﺪﻳﻬﻢ‪ُ ،‬ﻣ َﺆ ﱢﻣ ِﻨي َن ﻋﲆ أَ ْدﻋﻴﺘِ ِﻬ ْﻢ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺘﻠ ﱢﻘ ِﻨي َن ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻟﺴﻨ ِﺘﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪95‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫ﻋﲆ أَﻧﱠﻬﻢ — ُﻃﻮ َل ُﻣﻘﺎ ِﻣ ِﻬﻢ — ﻻ ﻳَﺘَﻤ ﱠﻜ ُﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ َﻃﻮا ٌف‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳُﻮ َﺟ ُﺪ ﺳ ِﺒﻴ ٌﻞ إﱃ ا ْﺳ ِﺘﻼم‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠ ِﺮ )ﺗَ ْﻘ ِﺒﻴﻠِ ِﻪ(‪ .‬وإِذا ُﻓ ِﺘ َﺢ اﻟﺒﺎ ُب اﻟﻜﺮﻳ ُﻢ ﻓ ُﻬ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺪاﺧﻠُﻮ َن ِﺑ َﺴﻼ ٍم‪ .‬ﻓﱰا ُﻫ ْﻢ — ﰲ ُﻣﺤﺎ َو َﻟ ِﺔ‬ ‫ُد ُﺧﻮﻟﻬﻢ — ﻳﺘﺴﻠ َﺴﻠُﻮ َن ﻛﺄَﻧﱠ ُﻬﻢ ُﻣ ْﺮﺗَ ِﺒﻄﻮ َن‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﱠ ِﺼ ُﻞ ﻣﻨ ُﻬ ْﻢ — ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬه اﻟ ﱢﺼ َﻔ ِﺔ — اﻟﺜﱠﻼﺛُﻮ َن‬ ‫واﻷَ ْرﺑَ ُﻌﻮ َن‪ ،‬إﱃ أَ ْزﻳَ َﺪ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‪ .‬واﻟ ﱠﺴﻼ ِﺳ ُﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﺘْﺒَ ُﻊ ﺑﻌ ُﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﻌ ًﻀﺎ‪ .‬و ُرﺑﱠﻤﺎ اﻧْ َﻔ َﺼ َﻤ ْﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻮا ِﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻳَﻤﻴ ُﻞ ﻋﻦ ال َمﻄ َﻠﻊ ال ُمﺒﺎ َر ِك إﱃ اﻟﺒَﻴ ِﺖ اﻟ َﻜ ِﺮﻳ ِﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴَ َﻘ ُﻊ اﻟﻜ ﱡﻞ ﻟ ُﻮﻗﻮ ِﻋﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴُﺸﺎ ِﻫ ُﺪ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِﻇ ُﺮ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ َﻣ ْﺮأًى ﻳُ َﺆ ﱢدي إِﱃ اﻟ ﱠﻀ ِﺤ ِﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (17‬ﺻﻼة اﻟ ﱠﴪا ِة‬ ‫أ ﱠﻣﺎ ﺻﻼﺗُﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳُﺬ َﻛ ْﺮ ﰲ ُﻣ ْﻀ ِﺤﻜﺎ ِت اﻷَ ْﻋﺮاب أَ ْﻇ َﺮ ُف ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬وذﻟﻚ أﻧﱠ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﻳَ ْﺴﺘَﻘ ِﺒﻠُﻮن اﻟﺒﻴ َﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﻳ َﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴ ْﺴﺠ ُﺪو َن — ُدو َن ُرﻛﻮع — وﻳَﻨْ ُﻘ ُﺮون ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﺴﺠﻮ ِد ﻧَ ْﻘ ًﺮا‪ .‬وﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳَ ْﺴ ُﺠ ُﺪ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺴ ْﺠ َﺪ َة اﻟﻮا ِﺣ َﺪ َة‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻬﻢ َﻣ ْﻦ ﻳَ ْﺴﺠ ُﺪ اﻟﺜﱢﻨْﺘَ ْي ِن واﻟﺜﱠﻼ َث واﻷَ ْرﺑَ َﻊ؛ ﺛُ ﱠﻢ ﻳَ ْﺮ َﻓ ُﻌﻮ َن ُرءو َﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷَ ْر ِض َﻗ ِﻠﻴ ًﻼ — وأَﻳْ ِﺪﻳﻬﻢ َﻣﺒْ ُﺴﻮﻃ ٌﺔ ﻋﻠﻴْﻬﺎ — وﻳﻠﺘَ ِﻔﺘُﻮن ﻳَ ِﻤﻴﻨًﺎ َو ِﺷﻤﺎ ًﻻ‪ ،‬ا ْﻟ ِﺘﻔﺎ َت ال ُم َﺮ ﱠو ِع‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎ ِﺋ ِﻒ‪ ،‬ﺛُ ﱠﻢ ﻳُ َﺴ ﱢﻠ ُﻤﻮ َن‪ ،‬أو ﻳَ ُﻘﻮﻣﻮ َن دو َن ﺗﺴﻠﻴ ٍﻢ وﻻ ُﺟﻠﻮس ﻟﻠﺘَ َﺸ ﱡﻬ ِﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ورﺑﱠﻤﺎ ﺗﻜ ﱠﻠﻤﻮا‪ ،‬ﰲ أَﺛﻨﺎ ِء ذﻟﻚ‪ .‬ورﺑﱠﻤﺎ َرﻓ َﻊ أَﺣ ُﺪ ُﻫ ْﻢ َرأْ َﺳ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ ُﺳﺠﻮ ِد ِه إﱃ ﺻﺎ ِﺣ ِﺒﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺻﺎ َح ﺑ ِﻪ‪ ،‬و َو ﱠﺻﺎ ُه — ِﺑﻤﺎ ﺷﺎءَ — ﺛُ ﱠﻢ ﻋﺎ َد إﱃ ُﺳﺠﻮ ِد ِه‪ ،‬إﱃ َﻏ ْي ِر ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ أَﺣﻮا ِﻟﻬﻢ اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒَ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (18‬ﺑَﺪاوة اﻟ ﱠﴪا ِة‬ ‫وﻻ َﻣﻠﺒَ َﺲ ﻟﻬﻢ ِﺳﻮى أُ ُز ٍر َو ِﺳ َﺨﺔ )واﻷُ ُز ُر‪َ :‬ﺟ ْﻤ ُﻊ إزار‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺛﻮ ٌب ﻳُﺘَﻐ ﱠﻄﻰ ﺑﻪ(‪ ،‬أو ُﺟﻠﻮ ٍد‬ ‫ﻳَﺴﺘ ِﱰو َن ﺑﻬﺎ‪ .‬و ُﻫﻢ — ﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ — أَﻫ ُﻞ ﺑﺄْ ٍس وﻧَ ْﺠﺪ ٍة‪ ،‬ﻟ ُﻬﻢ اﻟ ِﻘ ِ ﱡﴘ اﻟ َﻌﺮﺑﻴﱠ ُﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎ ُر‪ ،‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗُﻔﺎ ِر ُﻗﻬﻢ ﰲ أِﺳﻔﺎ ِرﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﺘﻰ َر َﺣﻠﻮا إﱃ اﻟ ﱢﺰﻳﺎ َر ِة ﻫﺎ َب أَﻋﺮا ُب اﻟ ﱠﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ال ُم ْﻤ ِﺴ ُﻜﻮ َن ﻟﻠﺤﺎ ﱢج‬ ‫َﻣﻘﺪ َﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﺗَﺠﻨﱠﺒﻮا اﻋ ِﱰا َﺿ ُﻬ ْﻢ‪ ،‬وﺧ ﱠﻠ ْﻮا ﻟ ُﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻄ ِﺮﻳ ِﻖ‪ .‬وﻳَﺼ َﺤﺒُﻬﻢ اﻟ ُﺤ ﱠﺠﺎ ُج اﻟ ﱠﺰا ِﺋ ُﺮو َن‪،‬‬ ‫َﻓﻴَ ْﺤ َﻤ ُﺪو َن ُﺻ ْﺤﺒﺘَﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻋ َﲆ ﻣﺎ َو َﺻ ْﻔﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ أَﺣﻮا ِﻟ ِﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓ ُﻬ ْﻢ أَﻫ ُﻞ اﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﻟﻺﻳﻤﺎ ِن َﺻﺤﻴ ٍﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫وذُ ِﻛ َﺮ أَ ﱠن اﻟﻨﺒ ﱠﻲ ﷺ ذ َﻛ َﺮﻫﻢ وأَﺛﻨَﻰ ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻬﻢ َﺧي ًرا‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻋ ﱢﻠﻤﻮ ُﻫﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺼﻼ َة‪ ،‬ﻳُﻌ ﱢﻠﻤﻮ ُﻛﻢ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺪﻋﺎ َء«‪.‬‬ ‫‪96‬‬

‫ﻋﺎدا ٌت وﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫)‪َ (19‬ﺳﻠﻴﻘ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮب‬ ‫وﺷﺎ َﻫ ْﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ َﺻ ِﺒﻴٍّﺎ ﰲ اﻟ ِﺤ ْﺠ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﺟ َﻠﺲ إِﱃ أَﺣ ِﺪ اﻟ ُﺤ ﱠﺠﺎ ِج ﻳُﻌ ﱢﻠ ُﻤﻪ ﻓﺎﺗﺤ َﺔ اﻟ ِﻜﺘﺎ ِب و ُﺳﻮر َة‬ ‫ا ِﻹﺧﻼ ِص‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎن اﻟﺤﺎ ﱡج ﻳﻘﻮ ُل ﻟﻪ‪ُ ﴿ :‬ﻗ ْﻞ ُﻫ َﻮ ﷲُ أَ َﺣ ٌﺪ﴾‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮل اﻟ ﱠﺼﺒ ﱡﻲ‪» :‬ﷲُ أَ َﺣ ٌﺪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴُﻌﻴ ُﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ال ُم َﻌ ﱢﻠ ُﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮ ُل ﻟﻪ‪» :‬أَ َﻟ ْﻢ ﺗﺄْ ُﻣ ُﺮ ِﻧﻲ ﺑﺄن أَﻗﻮ َل‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ﷲُ أَ َﺣ ٌﺪ؟ ﻗﺪ ُﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﺑَ َﺪ ﰲ ﺗَﻠ ِﻘﻴﻨِ ِﻪ َﻣ َﺸ ﱠﻘ ًﺔ‪ .‬وﺑﻌ َﺪ ﻷَ ْي ﱠﻣﺎ )ﺗَ َﻌﺐ( َﻋ ِﻠ َﻘﺖ ِﺑﻠﺴﺎ ِﻧﻪ‪ .‬وﻛﺎن اﻟﺤﺎ ﱡج ﻳﻘﻮ ُل ﻟﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫» ِﺑﺴ ِﻢ ِﷲ اﻟ ﱠﺮﺣﻤ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺮﺣﻴ ِﻢ‪ .‬اﻟ َﺤ ْﻤ ُﺪ للهِ ر ﱢب اﻟﻌﺎ َﻟ ِﻤي َن«‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮ ُل اﻟ ﱠﺼﺒ ﱡﻲ‪ِ » :‬ﺑﺴ ِﻢ ِﷲ اﻟ ﱠﺮﺣﻤ ِﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺮﺣﻴ ِﻢ واﻟ َﺤﻤ ُﺪ للهِ«‪ ،‬ﻓﻴُﻌﻴ ُﺪ ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ ال ُم َﻌ ﱢﻠ ُﻢ‪ ،‬وﻳﻘﻮ ُل ﻟﻪ‪» :‬ﻻ ﺗ ُﻘ ْﻞ‪ :‬وا ْﻟﺤﻤ ُﺪ للهِ‪ .‬إِﻧّﻤﺎ ُﻗ ِﻞ‪ :‬اﻟﺤﻤ ُﺪ‬ ‫للهِ«‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮ ُل اﻟ ﱠﺼﺒ ﱡﻲ‪» :‬إِذا ﻗﻠ ُﺖ‪ِ :‬ﺑﺴ ِﻢ ِﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤ ِﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ؛ أَﻗﻮ ُل‪ :‬واﻟﺤﻤ ُﺪ للهِ‪ ،‬ﻟﻼﺗﱢﺼﺎ ِل‪.‬‬ ‫وإذا ﻟﻢ أَ ُﻗ ْﻞ‪ِ :‬ﺑﺴ ِﻢ ِﷲ‪ ،‬وﺑَ َﺪأْ ُت‪ ،‬ﻗﻠ ُﺖ‪ :‬اﻟﺤﻤ ُﺪ للهِ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓ َﻌﺠﺒﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ أَﻣ ِﺮه وﻣﻦ َﻣﻌ ِﺮﻓ ِﺘ ِﻪ — َﻃﺒْ ًﻌﺎ — ِﺑ ِﺼﻠ ِﺔ اﻟﻜﻼ ِم و َﻓ ْﺼ ِﻠ ِﻪ‪ُ ،‬دو َن ﺗَﻌ ﱡﻠ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫وأَ ﱠﻣﺎ َﻓﺼﺎ َﺣﺘُﻬﻢ ﻓﺒَﺪﻳﻌ ٌﺔ ﺟ ٍّﺪا‪ ،‬و ُدﻋﺎ ُؤﻫﻢ َﻛﺜيرُ اﻟﺘﱠ ْﺨ ِﺸﻴ ِﻊ ﻟﻠﻨﱡﻔﻮ ِس‪ ،‬وﷲُ ﻳُﺼ ِﻠ ُﺢ أَ ْﺣﻮا َﻟﻬﻢ‬ ‫وأﺣﻮا َل َﺟﻤﻴ ِﻊ ِﻋﺒﺎ ِده‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (20‬ا ِﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎل ﺑﺎﻟ ُﻌﻤﺮة‬ ‫واﻟ ُﻌﻤﺮ ُة ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺸﻬ ِﺮ ﻛ ﱢﻠﻪ ُﻣﺘﱠﺼ َﻠ ٌﺔ َﻟﻴ ًﻼ وﻧَﻬﺎ ًرا — ِرﺟﺎ ًﻻ وﻧﺴﺎ ًء — ﻟﻜ ﱠﻦ ال ُم ْﺠﺘَ َﻤ َﻊ ﻛ ﱠﻠﻪ‬ ‫إِﻧﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﰲ اﻟﻠﻴ َﻠ ِﺔ اﻷُو َﱃ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﻟﻴْﻠ ُﺔ ال َم ْﻮ ِﺳ ِﻢ ِﻋﻨ َﺪ ُﻫ ْﻢ‪ .‬واﻟﺒﻴْ ُﺖ اﻟ َﻜﺮﻳ ُﻢ ﻳُﻔﺘَ ُﺢ ﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻳ ْﻮ ٍم ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺮ ال ُمﺒﺎ َر ِك‪ .‬ﻓ ِﺈذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻴ ْﻮ ُم اﻟﺘﺎ ِﺳ ُﻊ واﻟ ِﻌ ُﴩو َن ﻣﻨ ُﻪ‪ ،‬أُ َﻓ ِﺮ َد ﻟﻠﻨﱢﺴﺎ ِء ﺧﺎ ﱠﺻ ًﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴَ ْﻈ َﻬ ُﺮ َﻟ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ﺑ» َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ« ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻴ ْﻮ ِم اﺣ ِﺘﻔﺎ ٌل َﻋﻈﻴ ٌﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻮ ِﻋﻨ َﺪﻫﻢ ﻳ ْﻮ ُم زﻳﻨ ِﺘﻬﻢ ال َم ْﺸ ُﻬﻮ ُر‪ ،‬ال ُمﺴﺘ َﻌ ﱡﺪ ﻟﻪ‪ .‬وﰲ‬ ‫ﻳ ْﻮ ِم اﻟ َﺨﻤﻴ ِﺲ اﻟﺨﺎﻣ َﺲ َﻋ َ َﴩ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺸﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎ َﻫﺪﻧﺎ — ﻣﻦ اﻻﺣﺘ َﻔﺎ ِل ﻟﻠ ُﻌ ْﻤﺮ ِة — ﻗﺮﻳﺒًﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ال َم ْﺸ َﻬ ِﺪ اﻷَ ﱠو ِل ال َمﺬ ُﻛﻮ ِر ﰲ أَ ﱠو ِل اﻟ ﱠﺸﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎن ﻻ ﻳَﺒْ َﻘﻰ أَﺣ ٌﺪ — ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺮﺟﺎ ِل واﻟﻨﱢﺴﺎ ِء — إﻻ‬ ‫َﺧ َﺮ َج ﻟﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﺑﺎ ْﻟ ُﺠ ْﻤﻠ ِﺔ ﻓﺎﻟ ﱠﺸﻬ ُﺮ ال ُمﺒﺎ َر ُك ﻛ ﱡﻠﻪ ﻣﻌ ُﻤﻮ ٌر ﺑﺄَﻧﻮا ِع اﻟ ِﻌﺒﺎدا ِت‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤﺮ ِة و ِﺳﻮاﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳَﺨﺘ ﱡﺺ أَ ﱠوﻟُﻪ و ِﻧﺼ ُﻔ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﺑ َﺤ ﱟﻆ ُﻣﺘَ َﻤﻴﱢﺰ‪ .‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎﺑ ُﻊ واﻟ ِﻌﴩو َن ﻣﻨ ُﻪ‪ .‬وﰲ‬ ‫َﻋ ِ ﱢﴚ ﻳ ْﻮ ِم اﻟﺨﻤﻴ ِﺲ المﺬ ُﻛﻮ ِر ُﻛﻨﱠﺎ ُﺟﻠﻮ ًﺳﺎ ﺑﺎ ْﻟ ِﺤ ْﺠﺮ الم َﻜ ﱠﺮ ِم؛ ﻓﻤﺎ را َﻋﻨﺎ إﻻ اﻷَِﻣيرُ » ُﻣ ْﻜ ِﺜ ٌﺮ« ﻃﺎﻟ ًﻌﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺤ ِﺮ ًﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ َو َﺻﻞ ﻣﻦ ِﻣﻴﻘﺎ ِت اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤﺮة — ﺗَﱪﱡ ًﻛﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻴ ْﻮ ِم‪ ،‬و َﺟ ْﺮﻳًﺎ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﻋ َﲆ اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﺳ ِﻢ —‬ ‫وأَﺑﻨَﺎ ُؤه وراءَه ُﻣ ْﺤﺮﻣي َن‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ َﺣ ﱠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺑَﻌ ُﺾ ﺧﺎ ﱠﺻ ِﺘ ِﻪ‪ .‬وﺑﺎ َد َر ال ُم َﺆذﱢ ُن اﻟ ﱠﺰ ْﻣ َﺰ ِﻣ ﱡﻲ — ﻟ ْﻠ ِﺤي ِن —‬ ‫‪97‬‬

‫اﺑﻦ ﺟﺒير ﰲ ﻣﴫ واﻟﺤﺠﺎز‬ ‫إِﱃ َﺳ ْﻄ ِﺢ ُﻗﺒﱠ ِﺔ »زﻣﺰم« دا ِﻋﻴًﺎ َﻋ َﲆ ﻋﺎد ِﺗﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺘَﻨﺎ ِوﺑًﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ أَ ِﺧﻴ ِﻪ‪ .‬وﺣﺎﻧَ ْﺖ َﺻﻼ ُة اﻟ ِﻌ َﺸﺎءِ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ َﻓﺮا ِغ اﻷَﻣي ِر ﻣﻦ َﻃﻮا ِﻓ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺼ ﱠﲆ َﺧ ْﻠ َﻒ اﻹﻣﺎ ِم اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎ ِﻓ ِﻌ ﱢﻲ‪ ،‬و َﺧ َﺮ َج إﱃ ال َم ْﺴ َﻌﻰ ال ُمﺒﺎ َرك‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (21‬اﻟﺰﻳﺎرة اﻟﻨﱠﺒَ ِﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫وﰲ ﻳَ ْﻮ ِم اﻟ ُﺠ ُﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺎد َس َﻋ َ َﴩ ﻣﻨ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ْﺖ ﻗﺎ ِﻓﻠ ٌﺔ ﻛﺒير ٌة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎ ﱢج ﻧَ ْﺤ ُﻮ أَ ْر ِﺑﻊ ﻣﺌﺔ َﺟ َﻤﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫إﱃ ِزﻳﺎ َر ِة اﻟ ﱠﺮ ُﺳﻮ ِل ﷺ‪ .‬وﰲ ُﺟ َﻤﺎ َدى اﻵ ِﺧ َﺮ ِة — َﻗﺒْ َﻠﻪ — ﻛﺎﻧَﺖ أَﻳْ ًﻀﺎ ِزﻳﺎر ُة أُ ْﺧ َﺮى ﻟﺒ ْﻌ ِﺾ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﺤ ﱠﺠﺎ ِج ﰲ ﻗﺎ ِﻓ َﻠ ٍﺔ أ ْﺻ َﻐ َﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪َ .‬وﺑَ ِﻘﻴَ ِﺖ اﻟ ﱢﺰﻳﺎ َر ُة اﻟ ﱠﺸ ﱠﻮا ِﻟﻴﱠ ُﺔ — واﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟ َﺤﺎ ﱢج‬ ‫اﻟ ِﻌﺮا ِﻗ ﱢﻲ — إِﺛْ َﺮ اﻟ َﻮ ْﻗ َﻔ ِﺔ إن ﺷﺎءَ ﷲُ‪.‬‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟﺘﺎ ِﺳ َﻊ َﻋ َ َﴩ ﻣﻦ َﺷ ْﻌﺒﺎ َن ﻛﺎن اﻧﴫاف ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﺎ ِﻓ َﻠ ِﺔ اﻟﻜﺒير ِة ﰲ َﻛﻨَ ِﻒ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻼَ َﻣ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ُ (22‬ﻋ ْﻤ َﺮة اﻷَ َﻛﻤ ِﺔ‬ ‫وﰲ َﻟﻴﻠ ِﺔ اﻟﺜﱡﻼﺛَﺎ ِء اﻟﺴﺎﺑ ِﻊ واﻟ ِﻌ ْ ِﴩﻳ َﻦ ﻣﻨﻪ )أﻋﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ ر َﺟﺐ( ﻇﻬ َﺮ ﻷَﻫ ِﻞ » َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ« —أَﻳ ًﻀﺎ‬ ‫— اﺣﺘﻔﺎ ٌل ﻋﻈﻴ ٌﻢ ﰲ اﻟ ُﺨﺮوج إﱃ اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤﺮة ﻟﻢ ﻳَ ْﻘ ُ ْﴫ ﻋﻦ اﻻ ْﺣﺘﻔﺎ ِل اﻷَ ﱠو ِل‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧْ َﺠﻔ َﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻴ ُﻊ‬ ‫)اﻧْ َﴫ ُﻓﻮا( إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻠﻴﻠ َﺔ رﺟﺎ ًﻻ وﻧﺴﺎ ًء — ﻋﲆ اﻟ ﱢﺼﻔﺎ ِت واﻟﻬﻴﺌﺎ ِت ال ُمﺘﻘ ﱢﺪﻣ ِﺔ اﻟﺬﱢﻛﺮ —‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻊ َﺻ ِﺒﻴ َﺤ ِﺘﻬﺎ َﻋ َﺠﺒًﺎ ﰲ اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎ ِل و ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ ال َمﻨﻈ ِﺮ‪ .‬وﻫﺬه اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤﺮة ﻳُ َﺴ ﱡﻤﻮﻧﻬﺎ ُﻋ ْﻤ َﺮ َة‬ ‫اﻷ َﻛ َﻤ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷَﻧﻬﻢ ﻳُ ْﺤ ِﺮﻣﻮن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ أَ َﻛ َﻤ ٍﺔ )ﺗَ ﱟﻞ( أَﻣﺎ َم ﻣﺴﺠ ِﺪ »ﻋﺎﺋﺸ َﺔ« ر ِ َﴈ ﷲُ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ — ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ‪ .‬واﻷَ ْﺻ ُﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟ ُﻌﻤ َﺮ ِة اﻷَﻛ ِﻤﻴﱠ ِﺔ — ِﻋﻨْ َﺪﻫﻢ — أَ ﱠن » َﻋﺒ َﺪ ِﷲ ﺑْ َﻦ اﻟ ﱡﺰﺑَي ِر«‬ ‫َﻟ ﱠﻤﺎ َﻓ َﺮ َغ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎءِ اﻟ َﻜ ْﻌﺒَﺔ ال ُمﻘ ﱠﺪﺳ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﺧﺮ َج ﻣﺎﺷﻴًﺎ ﺣﺎ ِﻓﻴًﺎ ُﻣﻌﺘَ ِﻤ ًﺮا — وأَﻫ ُﻞ » َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ« ﻣﻌ ُﻪ —‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧْﺘﻬﻰ إﱃ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷَ َﻛﻤ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄَﺣﺮ َم ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻴﻮ ِم اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ واﻟﻌﴩﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ رﺟﺐ‪ ،‬وﺟﻌﻞ ﻃﺮﻳ َﻘﻪ ﻋﲆ‬ ‫»ﺛَ ِﻨﻴﱠ ِﺔ اﻟ َﺤ ُﺠﻮ ِن« ال ُمﻔ ٍِﻀﻴَ ِﺔ إِﱃ »الم ْﻌ َﲆ« ﺣﻴْ ُﺚ َد َﺧ َﻞ ال ُمﺴ ِﻠ ُﻤﻮ َن ﻳﻮ َم َﻓﺘ ِﺢ » َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ«‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻘﻴﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻌ ْﻤ َﺮ ُة ُﺳﻨﱠ ًﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ أَﻫ ِﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻴَ ْﻮ ِم ﺑ َﻌﻴْﻨِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷَﻛﻤ ِﺔ ﺑَ َﻌﻴْﻨِﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪98‬‬

‫ﻋﺎدا ٌت وﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫)‪ (23‬ﻃﻮاف اﻟﻨﺴﺎ ِء‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟﻴﻮ ِم اﻟﺘﱠﺎﺳ ِﻊ واﻟ ِﻌ ْ ِﴩﻳ َﻦ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻳَ ْﻮ ُم اﻟﺨﻤﻴ ِﺲ‪ ،‬أُ ْﻓ ِﺮ َد اﻟﺒﻴ ُﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﱢﺴﺎءِ ﺧﺎ ﱠﺻ ًﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﺟﺘَ َﻤ ْﻌ َﻦ‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻛ ِﻞ أَ ْو ٍب — وﻗﺪ ﺗَ َﻘ ﱠﺪ َم اﺣ ِﺘﻔﺎﻟُ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺄَﻳﺎ ٍم — وﻟﻢ ﺗَﺒْ َﻖ ا ْﻣ َﺮأَ ٌة ﺑ» َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ« إﻻ َﺣ َﴬت‬ ‫ال َمﺴ ِﺠ َﺪ اﻟ َﺤﺮا َم ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻴﻮ َم‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻠ ﱠﻤﺎ َو َﺻ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ ِﺒﻴﱡﻮ َن ِﻟ َﻔﺘْ ِﺢ اﻟﺒَﻴْ ِﺖ اﻟﻜﺮﻳ ِﻢ — َﻋ َﲆ اﻟﻌﺎد ِة — أَ ْ َﴎ ُﻋﻮا ﰲ اﻟ ُﺨ ُﺮو ِج ﻣﻨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫وأَ ْﻓ َﺮ ُﺟﻮا ﻟﻠﻨﱢﺴﺎ ِء ﻋﻨ ُﻪ‪ ،‬وأَ ْﻓ َﺮ َج اﻟﻨﺎ ُس َﻟ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ ﻋ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻄﻮا ِف وﻋﻦ اﻟ ِﺤ ْﺠ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻟﻢ ﻳﺒ َﻖ ﺣﻮ َل اﻟﺒﻴْ ِﺖ‬ ‫ال ُمﺒﺎرك أَﺣ ٌﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺟﺎ ِل‪ .‬وﺗَﺒﺎ َد َر اﻟﻨﱢﺴﺎءُ إِﱃ اﻟ ﱡﺼ ُﻌﻮ ِد ﺣﺘﻰ ﻛﺎ َد اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ ِﺒﻴﱡﻮ َن ﻻ ﻳ ْﺨﻠُ ُﺼﻮ َن‬ ‫ﺑﻴْﻨَ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ُﻫﺒُﻮﻃﻬﻢ ﻣ َﻦ اﻟﺒَﻴْ ِﺖ اﻟﻜ ِﺮﻳﻢ‪ .‬وﺗَ َﺴ ْﻠﺴ َﻞ اﻟﻨﱢﺴﺎءُ — ﺑَ ْﻌ ُﻀ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ ﺑﺒﻌ ٍﺾ — وﺗﺸﺎﺑَ ْﻜ َﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗَﻮا َﻗ ْﻌ َﻦ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺻﺎﺋ َﺤ ٍﺔ و ُﻣ ْﻌﻮ َﻟ ٍﺔ‪ ،‬و ُﻣ َﻜ ﱢﱪَة و ُﻣ َﻬ ﱢﻠ َﻠﺔ‪ .‬و َﻇ َﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗَ َﺰا ُﺣ ِﻤ ِﻬ ﱠﻦ ﻣﺎ َﻇ َﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ ْﴪو اﻟﻴَﻤﻨﻴﱢي َن‪ ،‬ﻣﺪ َة ﻣﻘﺎ ِﻣ ِﻬﻢ ﺑ»ﻣﻜ َﺔ« و ُﺻ ُﻌﻮ ِدﻫﻢ ﻳﻮ َم َﻓﺘْﺢ اﻟﺒَﻴْ ِﺖ ال ُم َﻘ ﱠﺪ ِس‪.‬‬ ‫وﺗَﻤﺎ َدﻳْﻦ َﻋ َﲆ ذﻟﻚ َﺻ ْﺪ ًرا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﻬﺎ ِر‪ ،‬واﻧْ َﻔ َﺴ ْﺤ َﻦ ﰲ اﻟ ﱠﻄﻮا ِف واﻟ ِﺤ ْﺠ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﺗَ َﺸ ﱠﻔ ْي َن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺒﻴ ِﻞ اﻟ َﺤ َﺠ ِﺮ وا ْﺳ ِﺘﻼَ ِم اﻷَرﻛﺎن‪ .‬وﻛﺎن ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻴﻮ ُم ﻋﻨﺪﻫ ﱠﻦ اﻷَﻛﱪَ‪ .‬ﻓﻬ ﱠﻦ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟ ﱢﺮﺟﺎل‬ ‫ِﻣﺴ ِﻜﻴﻨﺎ ٌت َﻣ ْﻐﺒُﻮﻧﺎ ٌت ﻳَ َﺮﻳْ َﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻜﺮﻳ َﻢ وﻻ ﻳَﻠِ ْﺠﻨَ ُﻪ )ﻻ ﻳَ ْﺪ ُﺧ ْﻠﻨ ُﻪ(‪ ،‬وﻳ ْﻠ َﺤﻈ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﺠ َﺮ ال ُمﺒﺎ َر َك‬ ‫وﻻ ﻳَ ْﺴﺘَ ِﻠﻤﻨَ ُﻪ )ﻻ ﻳُ َﻘﺒﱢ ْﻠﻨَ ُﻪ(‪ .‬ﻓﺤ ﱡﻈ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻛ ﱢﻠﻪ اﻟﻨﱠ َﻈ ُﺮ واﻷﺳ ُﻒ‪ .‬وﻟﻴ َﺲ ﻟﻬﻦ — ﰲ َﻏ ْي ِر‬ ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻴَ ْﻮ ِم — ِﺳ َﻮى اﻟ ﱠﻄﻮا ِف ﻋﲆ اﻟﺒُ ْﻌ ِﺪ‪ .‬وﻫﺬا اﻟﻴﻮ ُم ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎ ٍم إﱃ ﻋﺎ ٍم‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ ﻳَ ْﺮﺗَ ِﻘﺒْﻨَ ُﻪ‬ ‫ا ْرﺗِ َﻘﺎ َب أَ ْ َﴍ ِف اﻷَ ْﻋﻴﺎد‪ ،‬وﻳُ ْﻜ ِﺜ ْﺮ َن ﻟﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟﺘﱠﺄَ ﱡﻫ ِﺐ واﻻ ْﺳ ِﺘ ْﻌﺪا ِد‪.‬‬ ‫)‪َ (24‬ﻏ ْﺴﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫وﰲ اﻟﻴ ْﻮ ِم اﻟﺜﱠﺎ ِﻧﻲ ﺑَ َﻜ َﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺸﻴْ ِﺒﻴﱡﻮ َن إﱃ َﻏ ْﺴ ِﻠ ِﻪ ِﺑﻤﺎءِ » َز ْﻣ َﺰ َم« ال ُمﺒﺎ َرك؛ ﻷَ ﱠن َﻛﺜيرًا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﱢﺴﺎ ِء‬ ‫أد َﺧ ْﻠ َﻦ أَﺑﻨﺎ َء ُﻫ ﱠﻦ اﻟ ﱢﺼﻐﺎ َر واﻟ ﱡﺮ ﱠﺿ َﻊ َﻣ َﻌ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ؛ ﻓﻴُﺘَ َﺤ ﱠﺮى ِﻏﺴﻠُﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗ ْﻜ ِﺮﻳ ًﻤﺎ وﺗﻨْﺰﻳ ًﻬﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ الم ْﻮ ِﻃ ِﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻜﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ال َم ْﺨ ُﺼﻮ ِص ﺑﺎﻟﺘﱠ ْﻘﺪﻳ ِﺲ واﻟﺘﱠ ْﻌ ِﻈﻴ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪99‬‬