Occupational Expansion Skills OP 31002

50 Example: Recording of the readiness in producing dried figs as occupational expansion Abstract idea of interaction Real situation A1 Capital : from which source? A1 Self saving fund B1 Adequacy of capital : how much it should be? B1 Start with 20,000 Baht C1 Immunization of capital : save and accumulated C1 - D1 Conception on capital : investment plan D1 - E1 Moral on capital : money regulation E1 Confidence through family training and attending seminar on capital management A2 Reasons about product : how is its quality? A2 6 pieces of figs product weight 1 kilogram with sweet meat and roses smell B2 Adequate amount of the product : how many B2 Produce in 2 Rai C2 Immunization on the product : recognized by C2 - customers D2 Knowledge on production : how to produce D2 Quest for knowledge, study visits and summary of the outcomes E2 Moral of production : meet the quality as planned E2 - A3 Details concerning customers : sell to whom? A3 Sell to the health care persons B3 Reasons about customers : can it be sold? B3 Direct selling to health care persons C2 Immunization about customers : recognition of C3 Quality certificate of organic farm recommended the products from Department of Agricultural Cooperatives D3 Concerned knowledge : standard and quality D3 Producing document instruction on quality of the production product and consumption information E3 Moral of the customers : safe products E3 Organic farming process, no chemical substance A4 Reasons on self-development : skills in raising A4 - the quality continuously B4 Sufficiency on self development : capacity to be B4 - developed C4 Immunization of self development : loyalty of C4 Provision of working skill development, shops co-workers welfare and poverty insurance D4 Conception of self development : production, D4 Propagation, maintenance and transforming of marketing and relations with community dried figs E4 Moral of self development: natural conservation E4 Organic farm system is the process of natural

51 environment conservation According to the above chart, it makes us understand that the occupational channel of doing dried figs still have more 6 topics to be learned. Summary Analyzing readiness system of occupational performance is the process of self analysis of two- way interaction between components of sufficiency economy and occupational performance system through real situation of the performers which enable them to know their own capacities how to do to support their readiness in better performing. Activity 6 Let the learners record about their readiness in expanding actual occupations or one of the occupations of their interest by referring their abstract thinking on the interaction between sufficiency economy and occupation component (applying A1 to E4).

52 Chapter 3 Self Development for Occupational Expansion Expected learning outcomes Undertake self analysis and develop proper habit on occupational expansion skills. Scopes of the content Topic 1 : Analyzing, understanding and knowing self Topic 2 : Developing occupational expansion skill to create self character Learning media 1. Learning document #10 – Knowing self properly 2. Learning document #11 - Developing occupational expansion skill to create self character

53 Topic 1 : Analyzing, understanding and knowing self. Indicators of learning achievement 1. Knowing differentiation of proper self components. 2. Identifying roles and responsibilities of self components. Learning operations plan Learning achievement Activities Assessment and Learning media indicators Evaluation 1. Knowing Self learning Understanding all Learning document differentiation of proper 1. Let learners study Learning components within #10 - Knowing self self components document #10 - Knowing self themselves properly properly 2. Identifying roles and 2. Let learners analyze and Identifying their own responsibilities of self understand in details on the opinions about roles and components Learning document #9 responsibilities of their 3. Evaluate themselves whether proper self components they have acquired real knowledge Learning document #10 – Knowing self properly Concept idea The components of ourselves comprise two significances – body and mind Thinking 2 1 Body Mind Recognition 3 aspect Embellishment thinking 4 Perception 5

54 The real self component can be seen as the working performances that may include different directions – the positive or negative directions that make each particular human beings different. For those who are successful in their working performances should be the ones who have abilities in controlling their body and their mind within the assuming values of society and community, while those who no ability in controlling their body and their mind may have tendency to be in compliance with and agreeable to their keen interests of self reliance of own body and mind. According to this concept idea, we may summarize that the above 5 components (body, thinking, knowing, composing idea and conception) can develop and increase values of their own through perception and understanding. Body aspect Is the components or compositions of various organs both inside and outside our body and they have interrelated themselves in working as ordered from our mind. The quality of performances will be regarded as the indicator of effective mind or so called psychological dysfunction. Feelings It is the first component of mind showing particular kinds of responding in accordance with the pleasurable feeling, feeling indifferent and feeling dislike on the actual situation and environment. Feelings Like– Happy – Pleased Indifferent Dislike – Unhappy – Angry Recognition It is the components of mind which is responsible of memorizing or forgetting all kinds of things that impact both positively and negatively. Recognition Like– Happy – Pleased Recognized Dislike – Unhappy – Angry Unrecognized

55 Embellishment thinking It is the component of mind that has the role in embellishing creativities both positively and negatively. Positive embellishment Embellishment thinking Negative embellishment Perception It is the final component that has the role in conceiving what have seen, heard, smelled, tasted and touched. see Perception hear smell taste touch Undertake analysis to make understanding of self Understanding self components is to recognize in terms of memorizing within our own mind comprising steps as follows: 1. Component on prototype model of thinking and recognizing oneself 1.1 Feeling 1.2 Recognition 1.3 Embellishment thinking 1.4 Perception 2. In undertaking analysis of self understanding, it is necessary to select the peaceful location with good relaxing environment. 3. Procedures 3.1 Feeling – Let the learners observe their surrounding environment (group of people, trees, scenery). If their first sight happens to touch their mind or impact their feelings of like or dislike, happy or unhappy, satisfied or unsatisfied or indifferent, right or wrong. All of these feelings have impacted their minds at the first sight. However, if they compare with the sound being heard at that moment they may have to prove whether they remain to have the same feeling or not.

56 3.2 Recognition – Let the learners think about persons and the events being impressed or unsatisfied. Upon doing this, the learners may find that the events as well as the impressions still remain as their recognition. 3.3 Embellishment thinking – Let the learners look at or listen to the voices of a person, place, environment in particular situation, and then let them go on embellishing what they have seen and heard that make them think positively or negatively. This event has implied that we bring together all of our conception to comply with our past experiences, and we may find that the results of embellishment thinking have to rely on our past experiences. 3.4 Perception – Let the learners observe their own viewing and listening in which it is the continuing process as follows: Eyes view pictures Recognition will compile pictures and tell own mind what they are 4. Summarize self phenomenon and see if we are to comply with the following. 4.1 Understand clearly about the components of our mind. 4.2 The mind component may be trained to response positively or negatively by using the case study within our own situation and environment as the learning equipment. 4.3 If our mind has responded more positive impact, we then be able to do self-development through stability of occupational performances, social and environment Activity 7 Let the learners analyze and make understanding on themselves in accordance with the Learning document being learned and practice doing evaluation of themselves and see whether their knowledge and mind are interrelated.

57 Topic 2 : Developing occupational expansion skill to create self character Indicators of learning achievement 1. Be able to develop the perception channel and respond to the perception process. 2. Be able to develop occupational expansion skill and other valuable skills to create self character. Learning operations plan Learning achievement Activities Assessment and Learning media indicators Evaluation Learning document 1. The ability to develop Let the learners study and make - Perception channel #11 - Developing perception channel and occupational its responding process understanding on the perception through eyes and ears. expansion skill to create self character 2. The ability to develop channel and its responding - Responding process to occupational expansion skill and other valuable process from the given learning the perception. skills to create self character document. 1. Let the learners understand - valuable perception development system to create self character. 2. Let the learners undertake the - Find out the outcomes analysis and development of of analysis and develop occupational expansion to create skill in occupational character. expansion to create self character.

58 Learning document #11 : Development of occupational expansion skill to create self character Abstract thinking: Creating self character Channel to perception Self Process in response of perception Eyes – visualizing Appreciate Indifferent - Knowledge on Ear – hearing Infor- Brain Feelings Dislike - Processing occupational skill Nose – Smelling mation occurred Decision making - Valuable thing in Mouth – Tasting Remember - Have expertise life Perception Forget Attached to self character Ideally Positive thinking thinking Negative thinking Body – Touching From what have shown in the above chart, we may conclude in terms of abstract notion that to create self character it begins with the incoming factors in which it comprises knowledge and skill on occupational performances or other valuable skills for life. After obtaining these skills the perception process for creating self character will follow, starting from visualizing, hearing, tasting and touching. All of these channels of self character will provide us with data and information after which the information will enter into the process in response of perception which begins from our brain that transfers the information into the components of feelings that comprises the reactions of appreciation, indifferent and dislike. From then, the components of feelings will be transferred to the perception and ideally thinking which is regarded as the new model for working performance. Therefore, the perception responding process will occur very rapidly and automatically that may finally lead to creating self character.

59 Creating self character Responding to learning Paving the channel for learning Least bias Attentiveness 1. Eyes visualize and 1. The feelings after 2. Recognition 3. Create thinking - Perform stable on what have seen occupational perceive main structures of perception turn to accumulate the and recognize its expansion significance and - Live happily analysis in which their like and dislike feelings of like or make it more in society precious value relationships are linked on the basis of dislike about with various components mind which creates something and its and are summarized as least bias significance knowledge. 2. Ears listen and get to the issues and then link relationship among the issues before summarizing into knowledge It can be seen from the above chart that the significant equipment for creating characteristic of one’s personality are (1) having judgments, and (2) controlling the feeling of bias or try to make it the least bias which will be the variable of creating self character. 1. Paving the channel for learning – this will happened through eyes visualizing, ears listening, nose smelling and body touching. We must accumulate details of data and information carefully, especially the concrete perception relating taste, smell and touch in which they should be differentiated into different qualities - the most outstanding quality and the second outstanding quality as well as their impacts. Example – Tasting of pomegranate juice is the concrete and abstract forms 1. Concrete – The color of pomegranate juice is bright red which creates the feeling of joyfulness. 2. Abstract (1) Acerbity taste – creates the feeling of emotional stability

60 (2) The earlier smelling feels like vector flower which is very fragrance and later on turns to smell like a rose that makes cheerful, lively and warm feeling Example on the perception after tasting pomegranate juice implies the report of information critically and can create adequate details for responding precisely. 2. Responding to learning When the perception data enters into the brain, the responding process will start to work right away as follows: 1. Feelings – when the information impact the feeling, the response will show pleasurable or offensive feelings 2. Recognition – when various information enter at the same time, the component of recognition will respond and process on how the former information and the new one are concerned. 3. Creative thinking – when the information enter into the steps of feeling and recognition, the responding result will impact the fruitful creative thinking or reject in the opposite feeling. The said process of responding perception should have least bias or none of the bias. To create the least or none of bias may be done by laying our mind peacefully and pondering the response process of perception only. In doing so, we will certainly create the concentration of the above three components precisely and respectively . It should be summarized that creating self character skill on occupational expansion may be done as follows: Process of responding perception will begin at the same time of system Pave the way for analysis on occupational performances: perceiving reading and - Feeling of perception in mind performing occupation Undertake system Plan in your mind regarding agree ad disagree of analysis analysis of step be step with results. occupational system analysis - At that stage, the perception expansion skill component will process our past critically by staying experiences. peacefully in - Creative thinking, at the same time, pleasurable manner. will create how to perform the tasks.

61 The above summary of the chart – is regarded as the concentration process that provides us with judgment thinking skill without any bias, thereby making the result of analysis more correctly. If this process is done more frequently, we will be able to develop our occupational skills to create self character and continue to mobilize the better skill easily until it is finally being the utmost effective way to our knowledge and wisdom Activity 8 Let learners analyze and develop their own occupational expansion skill to create self character or select to analyze one of any occupations of their interest.

62 Chapter 4 Meanings and Significances of Occupational Expansion Expected learning outcomes Be able to explain the meanings and significant need of doing occupational expansion to increase the productivity or supplementary incomes adequately for day-to-day living and to have an amount of saving fund for the investment of further occupational expansion. Scopes of the content Topic 1 : Meanings of occupational expansion management in line with His Majesty’s Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy. Topic 2 : Significance of stable management of occupational expansion in line with His Majesty’s Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy. Learning media 1. Learning document # 12 - Meanings of occupational expansion management in line with His Majesty’s Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy. 2. Learning document # 13 - Assessment form on the perception of meanings of occupational expansion management in line with His Majesty’s Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy. 3. Learning document #14 - The significance of occupational expansion management in line with His Majesty’s Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy 4. Learning document #15 - Self assessment on recognizing the significance of occupational expansion through Khit-Pen process.

63 Topic 1 : Meanings of occupational expansion management in line with His Majesty’s Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy. Indicators of learning success 1. Be able to identify the meanings of occupational expansion management. 2. Be able to describe the meanings of stability. 3. Be able to identify the meanings of occupational expansion management in line with His Majesty’s Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy. Learning operations plan Learning achievement Activities Assessment and Evaluation Learning media indicators 1. Be able to identify the Read the Learning document Testing the competency on Learning document # 12 - meanings of occupational # 12 - Meanings of Meanings of occupational Meanings of occupational expansion management occupational expansion expansion management in expansion management in management in line with His line with His Majesty’s line with His Majesty’s Majesty’s Philosophy on Philosophy on Sufficiency Philosophy on Sufficiency Sufficiency Economy Economy Economy 2. Be able to describe the Evaluate self perception Result of evaluation on the Learning document # 13 - meanings of stability. according to the Learning perception of case study in Assessment form on the document #12 Learning document #12 perception of meanings of occupational expansion management in line with His Majesty’s Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy

64 Learning document # 12 - Meanings of occupational expansion management in line with His Majesty’s Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy. The meanings of Sufficiency Economy according to the Rajabanditsathan B.E. 2525 identify the words as follows: 1. Management – means the processes of job activating , job controlling and job performance 2. Occupational expansion – means making day-to-day living expand 3. Stability – means density durable and steadiness without change by outside forces. 4. Management for stability of occupational expansion – means the processes of activating the expansion of occupational performances steadily without change by the outside forces 5. Economy – means tasks concerning community production, selling, distribution and consumption. 4. Sufficiency – means adequacy according to particular need. 5. Philosophy – means the subject relating to knowledge and fact. 6. Sufficiency economy according to the Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy – means the principle of knowledge and fact concerning production, selling, distribution and consumption according to the need of community. As a result, the stability of occupational expansion according to the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy may therefore imply to “the process of activating and controlling performances on earning for living so as to expand the steadiness of density durable without any change by the outside forces, and all of which are the basic principle and fact concerning the production, selling, distribution and consumption according to the need of community”.

65 Learning document # 13 - Assessment form on the perception of meanings of occupational expansion management in line with His Majesty’s Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy. 1. Let learners read the following case study and then answer the questions “Uncle Inn grows the sweet corn on the 0.75 x 40 meters ditch of land and he continues to grow sweet corn on 5 ditches per week. It yields 250 kilograms product per week and he sells to his customers continuously. He earns stable income of 2,500 baht per week. However, as for this year he has to earn more because two of his children are going to enter into the college level and he needs to spend more of 10,000 baht a month. Uncle Inn is able to find his market and gets more customers who buy lots of his products according to his desire. However, not so long many families of his neighbors later on follow him in growing and buying the sweet corn, thereby making the cost of product lower. Uncle Inn observes that his neighbors become poor, and if he leaves this event remain like this all community may get in trouble. He then estimates the cost of middle quality product in his community including the product of his own at approximately 3,000 kilograms per week, and he decides to meet the new wholesalers outside his community who need to buy a lot of sweet corns. If uncle Inn is able to collect the product in his community and controls the quality standard as needed by the wholesalers, they will buy the sweet corn at 15 baht per kilogram. Therefore, uncle Inn starts to communicate with his neighbors and buys the sweet corns from them for 10 baht a kilogram and deducts 1 baht for transporting the corns. In doing this, uncle Inn will make a profit of 4 baht per kilogram in which it makes him earn 48,000 baht monthly which is adequate for him to send his children to the college. Furthermore, he has chance to use his 20 rai of his empty land to grow 2,000 fast growing rubber trees and teaks with the hope that in 15 years ahead he will be able to put these trees on sale and earns 5,000 baht per unit, thereby making him get a high profit of approximately 10 million baht from these trees as he expected.”

66 From the above case study of uncle Inn, how far do you understand the whole story? 1. Which one in a, b, c, d do you think it refer to the conduct of uncle Inn who grows sweet corns on the 0.75 x 40 meters ditch of land for 5 ditches a week? a. Stability b. Occupational expansion c. Management d. Sufficiency 2. Uncle Inn earns a stable profit of 2,500 baht. This refers to which statement, a, b, c or d? a. Stability b. Occupational expansion c. Management d. Sufficiency 3. Uncle Inn finds additional market for selling sweet corns. This refers to which following statements? a. Stability b. Occupational expansion c. Management d. Sufficiency 4. Uncle Inn’s neighbors grow sweet corns and make the price fallen. This has referred to which statements? a. Stability b. Occupational expansion c. Management d. Sufficiency 5. Uncle Inn meets with the wholesaler outside the community. Which of the following statements refer to this? a. Stability b. Occupational expansion c. Economy d. Sufficiency

67 6. Collection of the products, controlling of quality, managing the profit with other neighbors. Which of the followings refers to this statement the most? a. Stability b. Occupational expansion c. Economy d. Sufficiency 7. Uncle Inn offers the price of 10 baht for buying their sweet corns. Which of the followings refers to this statement the most? a. Stability b. Occupational expansion c. Economy d. Sufficiency 8. The amount of 48,000 baht per month to be earned by uncle Inn implies which of the following? a. Stability b. Occupational expansion c. Economy d. Sufficiency 9. The profit 10 million baht to be earned by uncle Inn from growing forest trees of 20 rai in 15 years ahead refers to which of the following? a. Stability b. Occupational expansion c. Economy d. Sufficiency Activity 9 Let the learners discuss and make understanding on the evaluation form of the case study in line with learning document # 12 and then verify the questions.

68 Topic 2 : Significance of stable management of occupational expansion in line with His Majesty’s Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy. Indicators of success Learning achievement Activities Assessment and Evaluation Learning media indicators 1. Read the Learning 1. Assess own perception on Learning document #14 1. Agree that occupational document #14 to make the significance of The significance of expansion will increase production and profits as understanding on the occupational expansion occupational expansion well as open the channel to a wider scale. significance of occupational management according to management in line with expansion management in sufficiency economy. His Majesty’s Philosophy line with His Majesty’s 2. Find out the analysis on Sufficiency Economy Philosophy on Sufficiency outcome on the given Economy statement regarding 2. Analyze the given significance of statement on the significance occupational expansion. of occupational expansion. 2.Agree that occupational Read the Learning document Result of analysis Learning document #15 - expansion helps provide #14 to make understanding Result of self evaluation Self assessment on more consumptions and on the issue and analyze the recognizing the community sufficiency result of self evaluation on significance of economy as well as the perception of significance occupational expansion decrease high cost of of occupational expansion through Khit-Pen process. investment, but create through H.M.’s sufficiency more incomes to economy, then doing the community members. summary. Learning operations plan The learners learn how to do the following self perception: 1. Read the Learning document #14- The significance of occupational expansion management in line with His Majesty’s Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy.

69 Learning document # 14 : The significance of occupational expansion management in line with His Majesty’s Philosophy on Sufficiency Economy Knowledge and understanding the significance of occupational expansion in terms of academic issue in which a lot of discussions have been made among the public and the learners may do their own researches on this. However, what have been identified on this concerned issue may be variant according to the bases of empirical experiences of particular individual or groups of people and there is nothing certain. Every individual has to take his own responsibility in identifying and evaluating the significance of his own future. It is certainly the same that we may not be able to identify the certain significance of stable occupational expansion for other people because everyone has to do it himself rather than using the general information from the outside. Therefore, this learning document # 14 has presented the principle of thinking, analyzing and identifying the significance of one’s own occupational expansion as follows: 1. It should begin with the meanings of concerned words by searching and exploring the right meanings of the language in dictionary, especially the Thai Rajabanditsathan Dictionary of B.E. 2555 and the words to be perceived are; “significance” in terms of adjective word means; (1) particular important or special than that of general (2) being valuable (3) being famous “management of occupational expansion for stability” means (1) to activate, to control and to perform (2) to extend widely (3) to make stability 2. Undertake the analysis of the meanings of above-mentioned two related paragraphs or statements by using the chart as follows.

70 Example : Chart analyzing particular phrases or events and its relationship with managing value. Significant Special output attained Value-added support Recognized prestige phrases/events Management differently from actual of stable occupation benefit expansion Activating Controlling Performance /operations Extension in a wider scale Creating stability The above chart is used for doing analysis of two relationship and then identify the result into particular phrases of events based on the learners’ reasons and experiences as seen in the following example. Example : Analysis of identified phrases on the significance of occupational expansion according to the reasons and experiences of the learners Significant phrases/events Special output attained Management differently from actual Value-added support Recognized prestige of stable occupation benefit expansion Job activating Activating the increased Increasing high Recognized among Job controlling activities based on products due to counterpart workers in Job performances controlling the effective use of the same organization . operations of main job operational resources performance Extension in a wider - Increasing of Increasing of business Being recognized scale production to the counterparts. worldwide on business market. expansion. - Being good foundation for the offspring

71 Creating stability Business strategies Customer networks Production and changed from the create more pleasurable marketing knowledge former practices to feelings of recognition have increased the level promote stability of and honesty in doing of value as the capital business operations. business together. for future competition. Summary 1. Review of the analysis outcomes on the identified phrases regarding significances of occupational expansion management, and then find some faultiness on occupational development after which we will find the significant solution as follow: (1) Increasing occupational activities on the bases of actual occupational foundation. (2) Making the operational resources more effective and increase more production. (3) Recognitions are provided by occupational counterparts who have more confidences on stable business together. (4) Increasing production and expanding customers worldwide. (5) Increasing more business counterparts. (6) Increasing recognition among the business circles. (7) Increasing changes in business strategies to promote business stability. (8) Customer networks and counterparts create more pleasurable feelings of recognition and honesty in doing business together. (9) Production and marketing knowledge are increased in value so as to be the capital for future competition. 2. It may be observed that the consideration of significance of occupational expansion should be done by ourselves and compare with academic information, thereby making us have the opportunity to decide the right thing appropriately which will finally lead us to create sustainable development.

72 Activity 10 Let the learners analyze and identify significant phrases for occupational expansion according to their own reasons and experiences. Or the learners may undertake the interview of a person who is successful inperformingoccupationoflearners’interests,andthendotherecordinthegivenanalysis form as shown above. Learning document #15 - Self assessment on recognizing the significance of occupational expansion through Khit-Pen process. To make use of the learners’ own evaluation results for making decision on significance of occupational expansion through Khit-Pen process, the learners may undertake several ways of doing as follow: (1) Bring their own analysis results to discuss and exchange ideas with other experienced persons and then summarized the results of discussion regarding their own problems for further development. (2) Evaluating themselves through the analysis of self information as well as social, environment and technical information identified in the Learning document #15. In doing this, it will raise useful idea and understanding on evaluation and significant issues of their occupational expansion. The details of which are as follow: 1. Evaluation framework on decision making according to Khit-Pen process comprises the following: Self information which indicates two variables: (1) Confidence in doing (2) Value and benefit for occupational expansion Social and environment information which indicate two variables for decision making: (1) Related people in harmony (2) Related people feel recognized Technical or academic information which indicates two variables: (1) Relevant to academic opinion (2) Adequate information and learning resources

73 2. The simple form for doing evaluation is called dimensional relationship in which it includes the relationship between evaluation framework and significant essences that the learners conducted their analysis as shown in the following example. Example document : Analyzing result of self-evaluation regarding the recognition of significant issue on occupational expansion being analyzed by the learners themselves. significant issues on Self issues Social issues Academic issues Total occupational  Have  Have value that  Have related  Have related  Relevant to  Adequate 54 expansion being confidence in information analyzed by the doing benefit occupation people in people feel academic and learning learners themselves. resources Yes No expansion harmony recognized opinion Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No 1. Increase occupational activities on the bases of  -  ---- - 5 main occupation foundation 2. Making operational resources more effective  -  -  -  -  - - 6 and increase more production 3. Recognitions are provided by counterparts who have more  -  -  -  -  -  - 6 confidence on stable business together 4. Increasing productions and expanding customers  -  -  -  -  -  - 6 worldwide 5. Increase more business  -  -  -  -  - - 6 counterparts 6. Increasing recognitions among -  - -  -  - - 4 business circle

74 7. Increasing changes in business strategies to  -  -- -  - - 5 promote business 6  --  -  - - stabilities 6  --  -  - - 50 8. Customer networks 98 7 98 Social = 15 Academic = 17 and counterparts create more pleasurable feelings  - of recognition and honesty in doing business together 9. Production and marketing knowledge are increased in value so as  - to be the capital for future competition Grand Total 9 Self = 18 It may be summarized that in identifying the significance of any activity it should be done by the occupational performers themselves, and the academic information or the information from other performers should be only additional information for comparing with that of our own analysis. Activity 11 Let the learners analyze the results of their own evaluations concerning their agreements on the significant issues of their own occupational expansion or other occupations of their interests in terms of Khit-Pen concept, then summarize the result by using the above-mentioned form.

75 Chapter 5 Basic Knowledge on Management and Administration of Occupational Expansion Expected learning outcomes Acquiring knowledge and understanding on business management and administration such as business planning, risk taking, production management, marketing management and business accounting in order to have ability in applying these knowledge in community’s business planning in the future. Scopes of the content Administering management i - Business planning ii - Risk taking management iii - Production management iv - Marketing management v - Business accounting Learning media 1. Learning document #16 - Administering management on occupational expansion 2. Learning document #17 - Factors of occupational expansion system in line with sufficiency economy philosophy Learning document #16 - Administering management on occupational expansion 1. Business planning Business planning is the particular plan identifying the activities to be conducted in the investment of a business, starting from goods production and services, processes of operations, result outcomes, investment budget, manpower, customer services and best practices to be survived. (source: Manop Shewthanasuntorn, SMEs business planning, Industrial Promotion Department 2547)

76 1.1 Study and analysis of community aspects for promoting occupational expansion. - Analyzing a community means to collect all possible data concerning that community in which it may comprise village data, district or sub-district information, depending on scope and level of information being needed. These information will provide us with several findings about the community and its problems and needs for supporting our planning for the channels of occupational expansion which will be compliance with the particular needs of the community people. Particularly, the information on marketing needs, government policies which support the production and occupation. These information may help us plan for the future tasks carefully. In doing the analysis as said, we normally analyze the conditions within and outside the community through the application of SWOT analysis. For example; The study of community needs – is to be done through the survey of community information in order to find the strength and weaknesses as well as problems encountered, risk taking and opportunities on data and needs information. S (Strengths) Strengths of community W (Weaknesses) Weaknesses of community O (Opportunities) Community’s opportunities to implement T (Threats) Obstacles or constraints which community should deny To do the analysis, the learners may follow the chart below. Internal factors S (Strengths) W (Weaknesses) External factors O (Opportunities) T (Obstacles or risk) In doing analysis, the analyzer should consider dividing or differentiating the data of several information concerning community by letting the community members or members of particular occupation participate in analyzing. In so doing, they should fill in all information into the right places or column in “S”, “W”, “O” and “T”. All information should be put in places, and if some information seemed not so clear, the team should do the survey of more information, after which they have to do the

77 analysis of all information in order to identify the alternative way for solving the problems or for occupational expansion before they can develop their occupational vision. - Identifying vision, mission and strategies for occupational planning and expansion Vision – is the way of planning for future aspect and aim of occupational performance. In other words, it is the way to identify the goals of business and its outcomes for the future under a certain scopes and duration. In identifying the vision, we should bring into consideration carefully about the result or outcomes of community analysis on the information of the entrepreneur or occupational performer. Mission – is the pieces of work that the entrepreneurs of occupational performers have to conduct successfully according to their vision. In so doing, the entrepreneurs should set their team work and identify the missions clearly in terms of production and marketing. The mission analysis of entrepreneur may be examined so as to know which missions should be done before or after and which mission should keep doing or should be changed. The group of entrepreneur teamwork may have to join the analysis in order to identify the main missions and prioritize the significance of the missions in order to mobilize them successfully. Goals or objectives of occupational expansion is to identify all details about what to do and when to finish in which we may set the time frame in terms of short or long duration such as 3-5 years. In setting the goal of occupational expansion, it should be clear and be able to evaluate. Besides, if we set the goal by setting numbers it should be more clear because it will help reach the effectiveness of our plan which contributed to achieving the performance and operation successfully. Strategies in planning for occupational expansion is the way to plan for the tasks and strategies in expanding business or occupation in order to make it meet the set goal. In doing planning for business, it is necessary to identify the vision and long-term goal clearly. And in order to reach the set goal, the analysis of what to be happening in the future and what to be working out systematically should be done in order to achieve the goal. Steps and processes of planning The steps and processes of planning for community business expansion are as follow: 1. Identifying objectives of all activities clearly. 2. Setting goals for the tasks which can be measured in a short period of time. 3. Setting steps of working in which it should be planned beforehand so as to which activity is to do before or after.

78 4. Implementing the plan in which it should be operated continuously. 5. Improving the plan after implemented the task for a certain period of time in order to make the task more effective. 1.2 Planning for operations is the last step of business planning for occupational expansion in which its details derived from the strategic plan that identify the project / activities to be implemented. This strategic plan will comprise objectives, goals, time frame and responsible person. 2. Risk taking management 2.1 Risk Management Risk taking is regarded as an uncertainty and unpleased event or occurrences to be faced unexpectedly. Meanings Risk management means the process in identifying risk analysis, risk assessment, examining and controlling the risks that are related to the activities, duties, and working processes. Risk management should be made to help the organization reduce the disruptions being faced in terms of business accident. Risk – has many meanings such as : - chance of loss - possibility of loss - uncertainty of event - dispersion of actual result Peril – means the cause of loss which may occur in terms of natural disasters such as tsunami, flooding, earth quake, etc. Apart from the natural disaster, some peril may have caused from the misled of human itself such as conflagration, traffic, murder, etc. The last and significant cause of peril that always occurs is the cause of economic downturn, and when it occurs it will impact people of the whole country or region worldwide. Hazard – means the situation or condition that elevates more cause of peril. Through the hazardous situation, we may categorize it into three situations -physical hazard, moral hazard and morale hazard. Physical hazard is the situation that might be occurred physically such as the location of the building that supports fire or conflagration. The moral hazard means the opportunity or chance to

79 commit falseness such as dishonest to working duty or corruption. The morale hazard is the carelessness or negligent in preventing risky hazard. For example, the worker leaves the machine to operate without caring. 2.2 Factors of risk management 2.2.1) Identifying disasters to be encountered by organization - it means to identify the causes and events of disasters that are presently impact the organization and this should be the first step of risk management. 2.2.2) Evaluating the impact of disasters to the organization, or in other word called the assessment of risk taking that the organization may have to be alerted and prepared to protect each particular disaster appropriately. 2.2.3) Identifying the counteract measure for disasters risk management in which it should be prioritized according to their significances. The outstanding counteract measure to disasters risk management comprise the following: (1) Measure for eliminating or decreasing the violent (2) Measure for protecting the victims not to face directly with disaster or danger. For example, * Disaster to be occurred in terms of injuries from climbing up high. The counteract measure is to fasten the belt to prevent falling down. * Disaster occurred from the vapor or toxic vapor which can be prevented by covering the nose or putting on the mask. (3) Measure for reducing the violent of emergency event such as the conflagration in which some buildings have been prepared in terms of building construction by using the wall that can bear the burden of conflagration. Some building use water Springer that can reduce the violent or stop the fire. (4) Measure for reducing the lost directly. (5) Measure for recovering to actual aspect Dealing with 5 measures for protecting disasters

80 (1) Readiness for risk management (2) Response urgently when the violent occurs (3) Rescue the victims and protect the asset of organization (4) Returning or undertaking rehabilitation to the place after the disaster was ended so that the repair and rebuild would be started as soon as possible to enable the actual work to continue earlier. This repair or rebuild may as well concern the action of insurance company. (5) Resumption of organization into actual task or business 2.3 Analysis of the factors of risk business In doing the analysis of the factors of risk business we may start from observing our actual business and then observe the environment around our business and find the significant point. If that point is really vital that may bring about the evil impact and make our business fail, this significant point is to be called the “Critical point”. Risk assessment Identifying the risk by finding out what measures in our business have tendency to be risky which we may identify them into 5 different issues: 1) Marketing issue – change of product, change of the prices, changes of bank interest and exchange rate, stock price fluctuations, and market competition. 2) Production issue – raw materials, production capacity, production capital, mechanism technology, safety and mistake on steps of production. 3) Monitory issue – change in loans, change in asset used for insuring the Loans and liquidity. 4) Personnel issue – knowledge and ability, skills, attitudes, responsibility, corruption, harmony, and resign rate. 4) Capability issue – natural resource, climate, natural disaster, location aspect, arts, culture, custom, lifestyle and human resource.

81 After identifying the risk, the reassessment of the risk should be done once again in order to know the levels of violence and to prioritize the risk according to the levels of violent. 1. Doing approximation of the levels of risk violent in order to support decision making in business administration. 1.1) Aspects and levels of violence - high level of violent - middle level of violent - Less / low level of violent Example: The criteria for considering levels of violent Violent /Damage Level of violent High Middle Low 1. Asset/Money Over 1,000,000 Baht Over 100,000 Baht but Lower than 100,000 not more than Baht 1,000,000 Baht 2. Time < 15 days 3- 5 days 1-3 days 3. Personnel - Seriously injured -mild injured - mild injured 4. Customers / handicapped - Cut wages - Penalty/ warning - Penalty/ put out Satisfaction Satisfaction Satisfaction lower than 60% 60 – 74 % 75 – 79 % 5. Image Impact at organization Impact at unit level Impact at employee level level 1.2) Violent / Damage opportunity - High - Middle - Low

82 Example : Levels of violent opportunity Opportunity level of violent Possibility Duration of opportunity 1. High 1:100 -Within 1 year 2. Middle 1:1000 - Within 1-2 years 3. Low - Within 2-5 years < 1 : 100000 Example : Assessment for prioritizing the levels of risk violent Risk Highest Levels of risk violent Low High Middle 1.Market 2.Production 3.Capital / Finance 4.Personnel 5.Five measures of risk management Example: Identifying assessment measures for considering significant priority of risk Priority Risk should be discarded or reduced at once 1 (Highest level) 2 Risks that need to be examined closely and may need operations plan to prevent them from causing impact to the business (High level) 3 Risks that need to be examined but mild seriously and less urgent in terms of operations plan (Middle level) 4 Risks that are identified as the lowest level and need less attention but do not ignore (Low level)

83 Prioritizing the significance of risks may help business owners and team worker take more interests or concerns on the risk management that will mostly impact their business. 2.4 Identifying measures for solving and prevention of the risks After prioritizing the significance of risks, the business owners have to consider the critical point of each risk issue as follows: 2.4.1 The causes of particular critical point 2.4.2 The impact of critical point to the business 2.4.3 What should be the sign telling the cause of critical point? 2.4.4 What would the organization do to prevent if the business tends to impact the critical point of risk? 2.4.5 If the critical point already occurred, what should be the significant measures of the organization? 2.5 Assessment of problem solving and prevention measures The working team who develops the business plan should undertake the analysis on the following: 2.5.1 Consider the risk that we had experienced in the past and could finally overcome it, then recall our measures as to what and how we could use those measures effectively. 2.5.2 What kind of risk are you encountering and what measures are being used to solve the problem? Are that measures found effective or not? If it is found not effective, how could you improve the strategies? 2.5.3 What kinds of risks do you think are going to occur, and the prevention measures you have planned have already been used or not, do you have to develop new strategies ? 2.5.4 What kind of risks have not yet arrived? Does your organization undertake the study and find out whether your plan of possible measures for risk prevention will be effective, or it has already been used effectively by other organization before?

84 2.5.5 Identify the frequency of assessment on prevention measures in order to improve the plan and new strategies if the old ones are seen not effective. 2.6 Risk management planning Risk management planning is aimed to decide for the selection of risk management activities of the business. Therefore, the said activities may have to cover and be comply with the risk management to enable the business administration to reach the final goal. In order to make the business more effective and successful, the owner should develop a good plan for risk management as well as provide adequate budget and resources to make the administering of risk management successful according to the set objectives and goal. The components of risk management planning Composition Details 1.Name the risk issue Explain shortly about what issue is seen as the risk 2. Prioritize the risks for further actions Identify the levels of risks 3. Identify types of risks Identify what kinds of the risk 4.Controlling the risk at present time Identify the measures for controlling the risk at present time 5. Operations plan for controlling the risk Identify the operation procedures, goal, duration and responsible unit. 6. Indicator of development and success Identify whether the succeeded outcomes will be decreased if you have followed the indicator 7. Methods of checking and reporting Identify the progress of operations (in %)

85 Example : Risk management planning No. Details of risk Impact Activity Indicators Duration Responsible of success person 2.7 Follow and evaluation of risk management This is the significant step of studying the problems and obstacles in operating the risk plan in which it help the team work to get more information in order to improve the way to do risk management effectively. 3. Production management The meanings of production management, services and quality control Production management – means the processes and steps of production that are going on continuously to reach the goals of organizations and particular activities. Services – the processes of providing services to the customers by making them full of happiness and satisfaction as well as receiving full of benefit. Quality control – means the conduct of activities and productions to enable them respond to the needs and satisfaction of the customers through basic belief that “good processes create good product.” Management of quality control of production The aim of quality control is to make the production and services more successful according to the following objectives:

86 1. The products being ordered are qualified in terms of the quality according to what have been specified in the contract. 2. The production processes are correctly developed appropriately. 3. The production plan is in accordance with the plan prior identified. 4. The packaging is found appropriated and be able to delivery safely without damage. Steps of quality control 1) Step of policy identification – is to identify the general objectives such as quality level of the product, size of market, selling procedures and insurance. All of these identification will tell us what to be done to reach the goal and objectives as planned. 2) Step of creating models of the product – means to set the qualification of the product. This step may have to be related to the production system. 3) Step of controlling the quality of production – means to make quality control of the products which is divided into 3 different steps; (1) checking the quality of particular units of the product, (2) Controlling the production processes, and (3) checking the overall quality of the products. These three steps of quality controlling will be undertaken through sampling of the products. 4) Step of quality control selling – is the after sell services in which the new actual marketing system has regarded as the most important step on creating satisfaction among customers who are to be sure that their products will be served and follow-up of the quality all the time. Application of innovation and technology in the production Applications of innovative technology for production are the proper way to develop the ability in human productions in which it helps solve the problem and support the needs of human beings creatively by applying general knowledge into technological processes to produce the appliances for daily use and have good quality of life. Application of innovation and technology in creating innovation Creating the innovation means to create the new idea for the production of new artifacts which have never been initiated before. This is meant to develop the new one through the improvement of the existing one.

87 Technology – means something being developed by human for the use of actual work or for solving the problems that occurred such as equipment, materials, engine, or those things unable to touch, to handle, or those systems and processes for working successfully. The technology will be great benefit to people if the user use it properly but not exceeded more than needed. Processes of technological production Technological process is the process of solving the problem through creative idea initiatively and carefully in order to create useful productivity according to the needs of human beings. The principle process for designing technological product may be divided into 5 steps as follows: 1. 2. Make choices or procedures 1. Identify problems and needs 4. Design and construct 3. Select appropriate procedures 5. Test and evaluate Improve Chart showing process for designing technological product

88 Reducing the capital of production and services In conducting all kinds of businesses to make it stable and sustainable, the owner should find appropriate way to reduce the capital of production and services. The following are somes suggested principles: 1. Analize and study the actual status of production which includes manpower, raw materials, producing capital. After learning these factors, the owner should be able to find the defect of production and may find way to reduce the capital of production. 2. Analyze the causes of idle costs of capital that occurred from the production and services. This means the costs being spent without any usefulness nor benefit to the business. 3. Undertake business control by reducing the ineffective cost of production and continue to do it until it reach the goal effectively. Factors for considering and controlling the capital cost of production The capital cost of production will be up and down is depended on various factors as follows: 1. The business administrator should clearly and seriously have policy and project for reducing the capital, no matter these will be in terms of the quality standard policy such as ISO, the support of personnel capability, etc. the production reducing system should be conducted continuously and seriously. 2. The business administrator should create good attitude among their workforces regarding the reduction of capital costs of production. 3. Undertake the measure to increase the effectiveness and quality of business administration and management seriously. 4) Marketing management Marketing management means the operations and performances of all business activities in which it should have good planning of production, advertisement, marketing research, selling promotion, database of the customers, production distribution, pricing identification, selling and all kinds of business administration for supporting the needs and services as well as satisfaction of the customers. Marketing management is concerned the following: 1. Advertisement – refers to the presentation and support of the idea and opinion in selling the products through all kinds of media and receive financial support for public relations. These media are, for example; magazines, newspapers, radio, television, banners, post, etc. Each type of public relation

89 as said may have different strength and weakness, therefore in selecting the use of particular media the following should be considered. 1) Reaching the target population as much as possible. 2) Being of most effective. 3) Low cost 2. Public relations – means to contact and communicate appropriately for promoting the understanding and good relationship between the customers and producers. The public relations may come in the forms of distributing pamphlets and press release. 3. Selling promotion - means the activities to promote marketing apart from individual advertisement and public relations. This is to stimulate the interest of customers or consumers through other channels of public relations such as showing through exhibition, giving away, putting on sale, sweep staking, competition, and giving away the coupon. 4. Marketing research – means to study the factors of both internal and external markets, and this will make provide appropriate knowledge and information on planning for marketing to the business owners to enable them to be confident in their marketing. The research analysis of marketing should study about the attitudes of customers and adapt it for using appropriately as follows: 1) Who are business consumers? – the differences on market zones should be considered in terms of geographical areas, population education, psychological principle and behavioral science. 2) What kinds of products are wanted by the market ? – this information should be observed by the entrepreneur so that the products would be of satisfied to the consumers. 3) What attitudes should be learned and observed from the customers in terms of their decision making? – steps of buying process of particular customers are different depending on their personal needs and interests and duration of decision making are quite different. Some customers may need quite a while to do decision making, while some may take a short time to make decision. 4) Why do the customers want to buy? – this should be considered in terms of the purposes of their interest and buying. 5) When should be the right time and good opportunity for the customers to buy? - the buyer should know that each customer has different aims and different opportunities.

90 6) Where should be the right places for the customers to buy? – the appropriate place should be found out for particular customers. 5. Business accounting Meanings of business accounting Business accounting means the system of data processing on monetary matter such as records of revenues – expenses of both finance and producing categories as well as monetary values in account book that should be follow-up and updated correctly and regularly according to the financial principle. 5.2 Significance of business accounting 1. It is the equipment for measuring the success of business administration to be considered from the outcomes of business performances, the financial status and stability of the business. The business accounting will comprise the records of investment, revenues-expenses, balance sheet, profit and loss, all of these will reflex the business administration. 2. It is the equipment for supporting the planning and decision making and may be used for analyzing the possibility of future investments. Therefore, if the accounting is recorded correctly it will increase the sustainable development of the business. 3. It is the equipment for planning the profit and controlling the expenses of the company and help making decision in identifying the prices of the products. It also helps in controlling the capital costs of production and planning for development of operations correctly appropriated to the resources available. 5.3 Types and steps of doing business accounting Revenues – expenses accounting – means to record the events or occurrences about financial matter or partly information about the finance concerned. This will be done through the analysis process to be recorded in the financial form being provided in order to show the result of financials status and the outcomes of implementation in a certain period.

91 Example : Accounting form of revenues - expenses Revenues – expenses accounting form Date/Month/Year Revenues Values Date/Month/Year Expenses Values Baht Satang Baht St. Asset – Debt accounting Is the records of assets and debts such as lands, equipments, machines, agriculture equipment factors of production, numbers of production and the remaining products as well as the debts occurring from production process. Recording of the assets and the debts is to summarize the financial status to be used for calculating future revenues by concluding according to particular planting seasons or the end of the year in the form of financial values. The following is an example of Asset – Debts accounting. Asset – Debts accounting Bakery Shop Assets Debts D/M/Y Category Unit Cost D/M/Y Category Unit Cost 400,000 1 / 1 / 53 Car 1 300,000 5 / 1 / 53 Loan to buy the land 100 sq.wa 15/Mar/ 53 Land 400,000 etc. 25/Mar/53 100 sq.wa. 500,000 30/Mar/53 Shop 5,000 Bakery equipment 1 1 set Etc.

92 Activity 12 Let the learners study in the learning document concerning management and administration of occupational expansion, then summarize each topic related to their own occupations or any occupation of their interest. 1. Business planning …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …..……………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Risk management …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Production management …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Marketing management …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Business accounting …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

93 Chapter 6 Applying the concept of sufficiency economy into practices in development of occupational expansion Expected learning outcomes Be able to develop or revise the business plan on production management or services and marketing management according to the concept of sufficiency economy. Scopes of the content Topic 1: The component of occupational expansion in line with sufficiency economy philosophy Topic 2: Conducting business plan Learning Media 1. Learning document #17 - The component of occupational expansion in line with sufficiency economy philosophy. 2. Learning document #18 – Application of sufficiency economy in one own experience and development of conceptual framework on self appropriated business. 3. Learning document #19 – Manual for undertaking business planning appropriately to oneself in accordance with sufficiency economy.

94 Topic 1: Component of occupational expansion system in accordance with the Concept of Sufficiency Economy 1. Explain the overall concept on the compositions of occupational expansion system according to the Concept of Sufficiency Economy. 2. Identify the relationship between reasonable appropriateness and immunization that brings about business plan for occupational expansion. 3. Identify the oriented reason in applying knowledge in marketing management and production. 4. Identify how to apply the moral to mobilize the business. Identification of learning Activity Assessment and evaluation Learning media success 1. Read the Learning 1. Perception test Learning document #17 1. Explain the overall The component of document # 17 - The 2. Opinion observation occupational expansion in concept on the line with sufficiency compositions of component of occupational 3. Evaluation of the economy philosophy. occupational expansion system according to the expansion in line with possibility for application Concept of Sufficiency Economy sufficiency economy 4. New perception acquired 2. Identify the relationship between reasonable philosophy and then apply appropriateness and immunization that brings the abstract thanking about about business plan for occupational expansion your own performances on 3. Identify the oriented reason in applying the following: knowledge in marketing management and 1.1 Readiness of production occupational expansion system according to the Concept of Sufficiency Economy 1.2) Relationship between reasonable appropriateness and immunization that brings about business plan for

95 Identification of learning Activity Assessment and evaluation Learning media success occupational expansion 4. Identify how to apply the 1.3) Oriented reason in moral to mobilize the applying knowledge in business marketing management and production. 1.4) Moral issues for mobilizing business 2. The learners exchange their own experiences as well as new knowledge being learned from the learning document #17 with knowledgeable persons such as the resource person and entrepreneurs. 3. Learners undertake the experimentation of new knowledge occurred from the integration of new and actual knowledge and try-out in order to find good solution for themselves. 4. Learners evaluate the possibility in applying the solution being found and then summarize as new knowledge for their future application.

96 Learning document #17 - The component of occupational expansion in line with sufficiency economy philosophy. 1. Overview of occupational expansion component system according to the concept of sufficiency economy The general system of occupational expansion comprises the input, the processes of production and the assessment of development. Therefore, in organizing the system of occupational expansion through sufficiency economy is meant to promote development of the learners’ family and community economy through the aim and awareness of community sufficiency economy. The following chart shows the system of operations through the application of sufficiency economy concept. 1 2 3 4 5 Step of applying the Step of applying Step of applying Step of Step of using moral principle to reasons in analyzing sufficiency idea /principle immunization principle creating mobilize control, evaluate and problems and needs of to develop appropriate to analyze all kinds of perception for occupational expansion develop business plan for developing risk self - Customers business - Products - Marketing channel Business planning for Analyze and risk Marketing Mobilizing - Products to - Capital occupation development management in terms plan business - Knowledge of strategic planning market places Mกaาnรaตgeลmาeดnt - Customers and production plan base expanded - Business partnership gained - Sufficient income Chart: showing occupational expansion system in line with sufficiency economy

97 Consideration of relationship among reasonable, sufficiency and immunization for creating business planning for occupational expansion The principle of sufficiency economy is aimed to mobilize the ability of the people in performing their occupation reasonably, adequately with immunization that safes them from harm. Therefore, business development plan should therefore be related to the said principle as shown in the following chart. 1 Business plan for 2 occupational Reasons that create expansion Sufficient occupation Successful of Vision Rightness - occupation Duty Adequate need -Capital Strategy -Products -Customer 3 -Skills possessed Immunization preventing from harm จากอนั ตราย According to the above chart, it should be seen that the development and expansion of occupation may start from the application of data from information technology in terms of reasons or the information that bring about the benefit of business such as capital fund, customers, products and abilities of individual or groups who perform the occupation and all of these will be considered identifying the visual and strategies for undertaking the business planning correctly and adequately as it should be. Through this practices, the entrepreneurs must be able to approach the strength and weaknesses as well as opportunities no matter there might be some obstacles. They must be brave enough to face the obstacles and solve the unexpected problem and follow the principle of sufficiency economy in working and solving the problems together.

98 Knowledge on planning and steps of marketing management and production After accomplished the business planning, the next step is to develop business operations plan in which the activities will be identified and the next step will be the step for operations of marketing management and production. This last step should be accomplished and experienced by every group of entrepreneur. Production / 1. Knowledge on the roles of entrepreneur marketing 2. Knowledge on administering and management of resources of occupation 3. Knowledge on production and marketing 4. Knowledge on controlling, evaluation of occupational quality The application of moral in mobilizing business Moral according to sufficiency economy philosophy means the characters of good attitude and practices in doing for living, production, selling, distribution, consumption, diligent, economically, loyalty, and bearing. Diligent Entrepreneur Economically Use of resources for work performances Loyalty Production and marketing management Controlling of operations quality Bearing

99 Activity 13 Let the learners practice the following: 1. Apply knowledge gained from the learning document #17 to discuss and exchange the learning experiences with resource persons and then integrate the new knowledge into actual experiences. 2. Undertake the new knowledge acquired from the integration to check it out and then try out the operations in order to have achieve finding about self performances. 3. Do the assessment of the possibility of applying the result of the above-mentioned into practice and then finalize into knowledge of the learners.