Occupational Expansion Skills opj11002

51 Chapter 3 Operation and Service Management Subject Matter Understanding about the quality product controlling and serving as the product's standard. Including applied the innovation and technology to support the production in order to produce desired quality size of product. Reducing cost of production/ service and preparing the production plan/ the good service are important element of production and service management. Indicator 1. Managing the quality control. 2. Explaining the applied innovation and technology for production. 3. Explaining the reducing cost of production and service procedure. 4. Preparing the production and service plan. Scope of matter Topic 1. Quality control management Topic 2. Applied Innovation and technology explanations Topic 3. Reducing production and service cost Topic 4. Production and service planning preparation Material Content of Learning 1. Document of knowledge 2. Source of learning 3. Document of project/ Worksheet

52 Topic 1 Quality Control Management The occupation is initial consideration and making the decision then taking into action. The beginner have to manage the quality of product according to the standard and regulation through all step of procedure by following the below methods: 1. Production Creativity It is finding self-creativity of occupation whether is it possible. To find the idea for selling self-creativity selected product which need to have the techniques for finding the occupation as below: 1.1 Considering the qualification of product, once we have produced the product, it need to have the customer demand. 1.2 Considering the quantity and problem, need to know that the product be able to solve any problem to the customer both of the services, conveniences and product interests. 2. Product and Occupation Selection It is the consideration of choosing the ideas and creating the suitable product be able to making a profit for operation which need to considered self-knowledge and ability. The Opportunity to create the product and arrange every materials to be available for production. 3. The Product Testing It is a self-idea improvement for the created product and trying to create a good image for production such as set the product's name and the suitable brand/ trademark by related to the product and always need to have following questions when testing the product. 3.1 Is the created product reliable? 3.2 Is the product have demand or solving/ meet the consumer's satisfaction? 3.3 What is the target group who will buy/ consume the product? 3.4 Is the set price suitable for the quality of the product?

53 4. The Product Standard The standard is the measurement for considering the goods or product. In order to guarantee those goods or products that have a good quality as indicated on the label by general current industrial standard. 8.1 International Organization for Standardization (ISO9000) Mostly use with the goods or product that need the certification for production of evidence 8.2 International Standard of Environmental Management System (ISO14000) It is a environment standard certification especially for industrial factory that have waste-water disposal system and not destroying the environment then will get this standard certification. 8.3 General Standard Policy regarding calibration testing laboratory and calibration testing laboratory for Thai Industrial Standards 1300-2537 is the certificate that increasing confidence for the consumer. That is after testing in the lab, those test will be accepted by testing or calibration and international testing which will help to solve the problem of trade barrier agreement crisis. The important and benefits of Standard Mark for product 5.1 The important of Standard Mark The general standard mark will be find on different kind of goods and product. The product that have standard mark, it show that they are guarantee for; 1. Quality meets the standard 2. Safe for consumption 3. Price suite with the quality 4. Fairness to buyer 5.2 The benefits of Standard Mark It is useful for both producer and consumer for setting the standard which can create a good images of national economy:

54 1. It is safe for consuming or using the product. 2. Convenience, save money and time for buying and using the product because the standard product is substitutable product and have a similar standardization. 3. Receiving the fairness when buying the quality product that suitable with their price and can choose to purchase as need. 4. Be able to buying the quality product and suitable for using by correctly. 5. Be able to substitute the defective part by quickly and easily, not necessary to change for the entire product due to some device can be substituted. 6. Easily to find the components and spare parts that need to be changed due to there are many device for choosing and available in the market. Operating the occupation need to study Standard Mark for protecting the rights and benefits of business. Beside that also need to have business moral and ethics for being a good entrepreneur cause to the stability and progress for the occupation as well. Picture No.1: The standard product mark of TIS

55 Picture No.2: The quality assurance monitoring system toxic Picture No.3: The certificate health fruits and vegetables Picture No.4: The food safety certification

56 Picture No.5: Organic Agricultural Products Certification Mark ACT Picture No.6: Organic Agricultural Products Certification Mark Organic Thailand Picture No.9: Organic Agricultural Products Certification Mark OMIC/JAS

57 Picture No.10: Organic Agricultural Products Certification Mark BCS

58 Worksheet No.9 Presenting 1 product certification mark with the description ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

59 Topic 2 The use of innovation and manufacturing technology Nowadays, human beings want to live with easy lives. Therefore, it is necessary to bring the innovation technology to help at work and to apply for increasing production as well as reducing time and labour as required. Innovation means the new inventions developed to assist people to improve works both in quality and quantity. For example, production of fertilizer making machine to reduce the amount needed as well as wastage. Technology means the effective way to use knowledge, skills and resources in order to produce the method and tool to solve problems and satisfy the need. It also includes the ability to increase the capability at work. For example, production of fertilizer using machine instead of normal labour. There are 3 levels of technology in Thailand: 1. Low level technology which is related to folk wisdom, using simple tools starting from bare hands to wood stick, steel bar, till other hand tools. 2. Medium level technology using scientific knowledge, but not too complex. It involves tool and machinery that can help saving input energy and force such as pulley, lever, bicycle, wind mill, etc. 3. High level technology using high level scientific knowledge such as soil machine, tracktor, computer, etc. Selecting principle for innovation and technology. In making decision to select innovation and technology suitable for work by considering the social and environmental impact, we should: 1. Select the size suitable for the work 2. Save cost with high efficiency 3. Have local contents as raw material 4. Give valuable yields 5. Easy to use 6. Safe for the user and environment

60 Innovation and production technology process It is the process to solve problems and to satisfy the need. The process includes: 1. Identify problems and requirements 2. Collect data or knowledge to solve problems 3. Select the method 4. Identify plan and method 5. Take action 6. Test the result 7. Improve the outcome Usefulness and impact of innovation and technology. 1. The usefulness of innovation and production technology today the genetic modification Method or genetic engineering can be useful as follow: 1. Improve food nutrition quality 2. Improve plant resistance to disease and insect 3. The plants can upstand dry weather and extreme temperature 4. Extend the ripping time for fruits 5. Increase protein content and quality 6. Animals have improved protein 7. Give new type of vaccine to human in the foam of fruits 2. Impact to production process It has become part of our lives. It has been improved continuously and helping us in many aspects such as communication in a global way and modern medicine. On the other hand, if such technology is used in the wrong way, such as information smuggling or nuclear war force, it will be very harmful to human.

61 Worksheet No. 10 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

62 Topic3 Reducing cost of production or service There is the need to reduce the cost for production as well as services to fulfill the requirement of the consumer. But reducing the cost should not lessen the quality. To achieve the target, the manufacturer has to improve the internal structure, labour cost, material cost energy. It includes: 1. Clear policy to reduce cost. 2. The staff have to follow the policy. 3. Take measures to increase the efficiency by: 3.1 The monthly production rate is to be used as indicator. 3.2 The staff should achieve the quality and service goal. 3.3 Delivery the goods on time 3.4 Reducing the cost should not down grade the quality. 3.5 Strict control on safety to staff reducing the indirect cost. 3.6 Staff welfare is to be adopted to improve working condition. 3.7 Good atmosphere is important for worker and staff. The process that follows good standard lead to social responsibility 3.8 Ethics for production involves proper responsibility to replace false products. To reduce the production cost, we have to set a PDCA (Demanding Cycle) which has to be followed systematically, and checked and adjusted for every step in order to get the connect results.

63 PDCA (Demanding Cycle) (P) Planning to reduce cost of project & production (A) Action (D) Doing Adjust and correct process Carry out work (C) Check Inspect and check the process

64 Worksheet No. 11 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

65 Chapter 4 Marketing Management Essence Marketing management means to sell products / services that are produced by the entrepreneur to the consumer. It is necessary for a good entrepreneur to understand marketing management and able to arrange a marketing management plan in order to sell his products / services to the market on a timely manner and to continuously supply products / services to the market. Key Indicator 1. Able to administrate marketing management to bring products into the market 2. Able to arrange marketing management plan Scope of Content Topic 1: Marketing management - Advertising - Public relations - Market research - Sales promotion - Creating customer database - Product distribution Topic 2: Arranging marketing management plan Learning Media 1. Learning documents 2. Source of knowledge 3. Worksheet

66 Topic 1 Marketing Management Marketing refers to activities that are organized to bring products / services to the consumers or the users, with the purpose to satisfy them. Importance of Marketing 1. Those who possess knowledge in marketing are able to understand different marketing processes and strategies that can be used to let the consumer realize, get interested in, and decide to buy products / services. In general, a business will have its own cost of product / service and cost of marketing which will usually be included in the product price, so the consumer will pay for such cost. 2. Marketing creates an exchange of products / services. Marketing in the past was not as much important as in the present since most people live their life adequately without using currencies in exchange, so marketing in the past focused more on production than studying of consumer’s need since the consumer’s demand was higher than the supply and there were less competitors. However, changes in various aspects including society, culture, technology, communication, and consumer’s need, as well as the higher number of competitors at present can be witnessed, so it can be implied that the businesses that could survive in the market are able to effectively satisfy the consumer’s needs. 3. Marketing helps in developing economy. The development in national economy is the result of effective exchanging of products and services without exploitation of producers or merchants towards the consumers.

67 Type of market in society 1. Local market This includes local fixed markets that sell products every day. The market tends to provide higher returns than other types of market because the producer is able to directly sell his products to the consumer. The cost spent in selling in such market is not high since it is usually located not far from the producer and the labor used in the production usually comes from family members. Another benefit of local marketing is that it creates the identity and the commitment as a community for both producers and consumers in which the producers are able to learn from participating with their consumers and to learn from changes in the market. This will make the producers adapt themselves to the market faster and will help in developing society, conserving energy, and restoring community economy by enhancing money circulation in the community. 2. Local morning market This includes temporary markets that utilize public spaces such as temple courts and unoccupied lands in a village. Most of them open in the early morning for a short period of 2-3 hours. Members of the community bring their own products which are fresh and processed food for sell in such market. This type of market is usually small, so it is suitable for small amount of agricultural products from within the community. Selling in this market will benefit producers since it incurs less cost of production which makes the producer regularly gain full benefits from sales in cash and helps in releasing his family’s duties. However, the product price sold in the market is usually low due to the lower purchasing power. 3. Local weekly market This is rather similar to the local morning market but larger and is usually located in the high population area such as near hospitals or other government offices. The market

68 will open only in specific days. Whether to open half day or full day will depend on the number of consumers and the limitation of location. Such market requires a group of people or an organization to coordinate with local officers and to announce the details of the market to the consumers. 4. Municipal market This refers to the market that is arranged in the city by its municipality to serve both sellers and buyers; some of the municipal markets will allow their villagers to sell products. People in the community will be able to conveniently buy and sell their products as they wish, while the municipality will look after and control cleanliness. 5. Department store This is a type of convenient market that provides consumers with car park, trolleys, and restaurants. Products sold in this market are well categorized and have their prices fixed which allow the buyers to select the products according to their needs. Marketing management This is the creation of perception between sellers and buyers to stimulate buyers’ needs and let them buy the products. The processes include: 1. Advertising: this involves using non-personal communication channels such as via radio, television, and printed media in order to create perception, interest, confidence, and purchasing decision. Advertising provides information to audiences in every gender and age. 2. Public relation: this includes activities that could create credibility for the business to better reach target groups such as giving free products, donating for flood victims, and giving scholarships. 3. Market research: this is an important tool in searching customer’s data at present and in the future, in order to let oneself, group, or organization plan, operate, and control marketing works.

69 Therefore, market research means the process to collect and analyze information related to marketing decision, as well as communicate the result from analysis to the management, in order to let them improve and develop products and services that meet the target customer’s need. The steps in market research include: 1. determining information needed 2. determining approach to collect data 3. designing data collection form 4. determining sampling method 5. determining process and approach to collect data 6. planning and developing data processing 7. planning and developing data analysis 8. arranging and preparing report in order to present the result obtained from research to the management 4. Sales promotion: is a process related to marketing promotion to see the different parts of the market for a product by segmenting the market into sub-segments. Although these segments are rather similar, little differences can be found as follows. 1. Labor market approach: this involves using only one approach to persuade all customers; for example, selling products in front of a factory where its staffs will make a purchase before going home. 2. Marketing emphasizing on different products: in this approach, the seller supplies various products in terms of appearance, style, quality, and size. 3. Focus marketing: sellers consider the differences of consumer groups and develop products to satisfy the market and the needs of all groups of consumer. 4. Simultaneous marketing: sellers give a free product and arrange a sweepstake to persuade their consumers.

70 5. Creating customer database: according to the marketing concepts that aim to satisfy the consumer’s needs, the business needs to learn different aspects of consumer’s behaviors in order to effectively arrange a marketing plan. Consumer behavior analysis includes the analysis of internal elements and thinking of consumers. This can indicate: 1. an overall picture of influencing factors 2. individual factors and external factors of the society according to the decision and purchasing decision process 3. social, cultural, and psychological factors influencing purchasing behaviors Benefits of creating customer database 1. It can be used to improve marketing strategies by precisely analyzing and determining strategies 2. It provides different strategies to approach customers 3. It can be used to arrange the right and effective marketing mix 4. It can be used to improve the quality of marketing operation, especially in persuading and influencing consumers 6. Product distribution is a relocation of ready-to-sell products to the consumers. The entrepreneur usually faces some problems in terms of product quantity, price setting, and pattern of production, so marketing information is necessary in making those decisions; for examples, 1. analyzing the outcome of the marketing plan, sales volume, and market share to see whether the current distribution channel is the best or not and whether it can best distribute products or not, as well as cost of production. 2. analyzing market and forecasting sales to see the selling territory, the number of customers, and the trend of market growth for each product.

71 3. analyzing products to understand the needs and satisfactions of the consumer, as well as the real attitude towards new product. This also includes testing of product package. 4. analyzing information related to advertising since it affects consumer’s decision. 5. analyzing distribution channel to distribute products from the factory to the consumer via merchants and representatives. This also includes transportation and packing.

72 Worksheet 13 The learner is assigned to briefly explain the market in his community that is suitable for his selected occupation. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

73 Topic 2 Compilation of Marketing Management Plan Function of merketing means marketing activities that the o rganization need to operate inorder to successfully achieve the goal, which can be summarized as follow: 1. Analysis of the environment and marketing research . This is to determine the affect of economic conditions and competitions that have impacts on marketing. 2. Consumer analysis means understand ing the assessment of consumers ’ demand in purchasing process. 3. Production planning and services means to improve products, brand, packaging as well as cancellation of some products. 4. Planning of price means to determine the price range, techniques in setting price and using price as proactive or reactive. 5. Distribution planning is to set distribution channel , delivery , storage , cetagorize , wholesale and retail. 6. Sales promotion planning means advertising, personal selling and public relations. 7. Considering corporate social responsibility means to be responsible in terms of security, intregrity, focuses on the value of products and services. 8. Marketing Service means to plan marketing strategy , as well as evaluating risk and benefits of marketing decisions. Marketing Strategy Planning Marketing strategy planning means the adjustment of business organization when facing with obstacles while operating the business, which can be seperated into 4 methods. 1. Market Penetration means to increase sales by penetrating more into new market. 2. Market Development is a way to increase sales of the existing product and to expand into the new market.

74 3. Product Development means to incr ease sales by developing new products or improve old products. 4. Product category extension means to expand products into new business , for example weaving business can be expanded into manufacturing shoes business. Strategic marketing planning is to prepare activities plan for all aspect of works which support the marketing plan of oneself, group or organization for the highest efficiency. All parties help consider the best alternative and select the most suitable time to operate along with the necessary cost and expenses in order to achieve the goals. The details are as follow: 1. Summarize external and internal factors that affect marketing of oneself, the group or organization; along with considering internal weaknesses and strengths, as well as analyze competitive condition by conducting marketing audit. 2. Consider factors that may impact on marketing success or failure of oneself, the group or organizations. 3. Set future hypothesis for oneself, the group or organization. 4. Specifies marketing objectives. 5. Specifies strategies for each job to reach the objectives. 6. Design frameworks and operating plans to achieve the objectives according to the strategies set. 7. Follow up the results to make sure that things are performed according to plan as well as reviewe and improve to conform to all the necessities. Preparation of Marketing Plan Forcasting future events and select the best procedure by using ‘look before you leap ’ methods . This is to successfully achieve the goal set . Steps in writin g marketing plans are as follow.

75 1. Study the future environment of the organization , such as study the organization’s external and internal fators that need support or may have future affect to the organization . For example, in order for the housewife gr oup to make herbal drinks they will need production plan , equiptment , raw material and price . The pl anner must always follow up , monitor and study whether or not will there be any development or what kind of problems can occur , which the planner must continue to take into consideration. 2. Objectives: Setting objectives will specified what to do and for whom . The objectives should be concises and cover all the requirements. 3. Setting goal means to set the amount which can also be measured in a short-term, such as within the year 2009 the housewife group must be able to sell 100,00 bottles of herbal drink. 4. Specifies operation plan means to set operation procedures, which will efficiently help the operation in that activities achieve the objectives that was set. 5. Implementation plan : In order to operate activities , it is not enough to have just the implementation plan but we need to continuously operate those activities according to the specified plan to successfully reach the goal. 6. In order to operate activities , sometimes we have to adjust according to the feedback . In other words , sometimes we operates according to the plan but we didn’t get the expected results therefore adjustment is needed. The adjustment can be the system of the work , selfhood or the ways that the operation was set.

76 Example Marketing Management Plan Chart or Gantt Chart. Activities Table showing operation plan of the housewife group. เดอื นทดี่ าเนินการ Month that perform Marketing plan Public Relation Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Educating Sales  Sale   Sale Summary     

77 Worksheet 14 Students should create their own selling plan and draw up a rough Gantt Chart ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

78 Chapter 5 Driving Business Performance for Careers Essence The importance in driving business performance for careers is that entrepreneurs should have knowledge in the feasibility analysis of an implementation plan, the implementation plan development, the driving procedures of business creation, the overview of business problems and the solutions which are from driving business for decision making in management. Indicators 1. Analyze the feasibility of an implementation plan. 2. Develop an implementation plan. 3. Describe the driving procedures of business creation. 4. Describe the business problems and obstacles, and the solutions which are from driving business. Scope of Content Topic 1 the feasibility analysis of an implementation plan Topic 2 the development of an implementation plan Topic 3 the driving procedures of business creation Topic 4 the problems, obstacles, and solutions Learning Media 1. Information sheet 2. Learning Source 3. Worksheet

79 Topic 1 The feasibility analysis of an implementation plan After the implementation plan has been completed, entrepreneurs should concurrently conduct a feasibility analysis of the implementation plan in order to assess the possibility. Since a good business plan has to be based on the possibilities of practical implementation for maximizing the benefits in the plan. Thus, entrepreneur should possess good knowledge and specialized experience. Otherwise, specialists in each subdivision of business department are required to analyze and advise on the feasibility of the plan as follows; 1. Analyzing the accuracy of basic information used in determining plan. If it is inaccurate from the beginning, the determination will be further incorrect of the real possibility, for instance, being provided the false information about your business competitors can lead to the underestimation of them. The consequence is that an ineffective strategy might be elected. In order to conduct an analysis, the information sources must be accurately examined for the basic information and the updated information. 2. Analyzing the business purpose which includes person, difficulty, and procuring raw materials in both quality and quantity through the whole year for managing the supply chain to meet customer needs. According to the business determination, the number of consumers varies directly with the amount of raw materials for smooth business operations and reducing the environmental risk such as the conditions of economy, society and politics, and natural disasters. 3. Analyzing the business objectives. There are many advantages of consumer behavior analysis consisting of; 3.1 Improving marketing strategies through analysis and designing better marketing strategies.

80 3.2 Providing different strategies for pre-post meeting its customers. 3.3 Adjusting the ingredients of marketing accurately that are effective on several marketing areas by applying the holistic strategies. 3.4 Increasing the art’s market value according to marketing results, especially persuading and influencing customers. 4. Analyzing the investment yield of the implementation plan whether an investment is worth after the implementation plan has been completed in accordance with the expected return. According to the 4 areas of analysis as mentioned above, the implementation of the action plan is based on the business readiness including the consideration in other business environments. Furthermore, staff and procedure play the important roles in the implementation plan. If staff either lack of understanding or don’t cooperate with the plan, the well-written plan may fail. The solution is that the process of writing an implementation plan should provide opportunities for relevance especially one who is responsible for implementing plan to participate the plan writing in order to maximize the possibility of implementation.

81 Worksheet No. 15 Analyze the possibility of the implementation plan by using the implementation plan in chapter 2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

82 Topic 2 The development of the implementation plan The development of the implementation plan is applied the feasibility analysis of entrepreneur’s implementation plan to top up for developing careers to be more effective. It is said that some careers may relate to the other career or one career will earn a passive income from the other career which is the business connection to minimize business risks or to increase revenue. This connection is divided into 3 types as follows; 1. The relation in careers is to study the career information related to the new career in order to get the connection; for instance, after farmers thresh their rice, there will be the remains of rice straw. Due to lack of time and rice straw compress machine in farmers, there will be traders who use compressing machine to make fodder blocks and sell them to ranchers and straw mushroom farms. Moreover, there will be a career of making compost from manure with straw of the used mushroom bags. When compost has been done, there will be the business of potting soil which is currently popular. Rice Hull Farmer Feeding Straw Rice Mill Broken- Animals milled Rice Compressin Rice Manure g Straw Processing Rice Husk Rice Bran Growing Compost Mushrooms Consume

83 2. The by-product is made as a secondary result during the manufacturing such as the by-product of parawood sawmill is sawdust. Then, there will be traders who sell sawdust for mushroom farms and provide a nationwide delivery service. As a result, there will be a job of mushroom farming. When mushroom bags stop producing, the straw can be used as compost. Parawood Sawmill Plywood Sawdust Compost Mushroom Grow Bags Potting Soil 3. The applying of existing resources leads to the thrift store jobs that become popular and are well-paid freelance job. The second-hand items will be reused at the thrift stores through the use of technology. Customers Thrift Store Thrift Traders Reuse Transformation Various types Making a fish of Bottles mobile Factories Retail Shops

84 4. Making a living which supports each other; for example, pig pens are located above fish ponds. When pigs are fed, there will be uneaten foods and manure falling or washed directly into the ponds where fish can eat them. Thus, there is no need to invest in fish foods. However, you need to study the information based on types of fish and the proportion of pigs and fish that will not cause water pollution and have a high return on investment.

85 Worksheet No. 16 Give examples of the implementation plan development in the community through the connection at least 2 ways. Example required. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

86 Topic 3 The process of establishing a business driven When a student has prepared operational plan, it is necessary to implement these steps in order to create a business-driven, occur. Then apply a defect in the operation analyze enhancements so that you can edit the action plan. The process of establishing a business driven 1. The production of product or occupation. As the search is for their ideas for making a product that will have the possibility. And see the channel to distribute their products as defined which products must be assigned as follows: 1.1 Procurement of raw materials in the production must have a plan for procurement, supply of raw material, having all the raw material inspection, and every time you check-in, as well as the remaining raw materials We should focus on an object in a local or nearby to reduce transportation costs. 1.2 To view the properties of the product. When making a product, there must be a sufficient quantity of a consumer product that is not too much left to expire and take back products free of charge. 1.3 To determine your needs and problems. Need to know what the product will resolve the consume problem in terms of service, convenience and interested in the item. 2. Product testing It is a developing its own ideas about the products themselves and try to create a good image in their own products, such as defining the product name and brand that is appropriate and in accordance with the product and there must be a question to test products such as always 2.1 Reliable products made?

87 2.2 Product is the one thing that people want or solution and respond to the consumer's satisfaction? 2.3 Any person or any target that will use the product 2.4 The price is appropriate for the product together with principles to product integrity 2.5 Preparation of certified products, according to an established standard for certification marks. 3. The market development The factors are considered as a following: 3.1 The price of the product to suit the consumer's purchasing power and quality? 3.2 Packaging has to be packaging design of product that is interesting for consumers. 3.3 The sale. There must be a campaign of reforms and reach the target group or a product quickly. 3.4 The public relations that must be advertise or make propaganda that are interested in buying 3.5 Profit and loss statement must be estimated for revenue and expenditure. 4. The assessment and analysis of their own products An assessment of the needs of consumers, sales, profits and loss of operations are appropriate for expanding, or reducing the size of the business. In General, profits and losses are estimated in operations, as well as another important factor is the occupation that is committed to continuing a career? 5. The product development or career progress. To answer the question ourselves after the assessment and analysis of ourselves. Updates or changes to the product using techniques and methods that they know, such as packaging, prepared and publicity etc. These things are regarding to the consumer's acceptance is key.

88 Topic 4 Problem with obstacle and solutions The problem In their works, there are often barriers to associate. The operation cannot be performed in accordance with the action plan. Most of the problems are caused by things we cannot control, such as: 1. The problem of natural disaster. 1. Drought. Due to the rain does not fall in season or the lack of water that collects in the dry season. As a result, farmers or agricultural occupation is not due to a lack of water. 1.2 Inundation (flood). In sometimes, it rains too much until it exceeds the requirements of farmers, causing flood damage to farm some out to such an extent that the 1.3 Strom (windstorm). It may come in the way of a summer storm wind flow which contributes to damage to crops horticulture, etc. 1.4 Fire (fire hazard). It usually occur during the summer from twigs friction coating cause a wildfire that may eventually come in the farm of the villagers. Cause damage. 1.5 Agricultural pest. Almost every year, the crops tend to be destroyed from the grasshopper and mice that make farmers are damaged. 2. The marketing problem 2.1 The production of goods and services, quality, quantity, price, package is in product development, advertising, point-of-sale and advertising. 2.2 The market problems, is targeting to sell 3-month, 6-month briefly and updated every 3 months, 6 months, by region. 2.3 Sales policies and problems, including distribution channels into the market is to strengthen the stability of the business and a group or organization

89 2.4 The problem of advertisement for campaign. Advertising influences make consumers want to try. It should be selected an appropriate message to the consumer groups that will benefit most 3. The problem of funding sources. The small business has a few investments but funding sources is not supported because the Bank often provides support to investment projects are mainly 4. The problem of lack of control. The problem of lack of control of production is due to follow a cause damage to investors, especially the agricultural profession. In addition to the problem is rely on nature, and also rely on the market to ensure productivity. Whereas there is no guarantee that will always be the best sales because they depend on market demand, it is important. If there is no control over production, farmers follow the same overall output that it will overflow the market. Examples of problems that are caused by the way. 1. farmers think that this year watermelon has a high price. People planted watermelon this year, with a profit that follows the same overall output. According to the official, famer turns to planting watermelon in the next year by changing from corn and cassava to watermelon farm. When farmers have a lot more production, market prices are very depressed watermelon. Farmers sold cheap spoilage and loss rates, but many corn and cassava prices higher. If the farmers turn to growing corn and cassava. Next year, prices may be down because of too much quantity. 2. The Department store has occurred over competing needs that make consumers use the service from the department because it has facilities with everything, and sales promotion.

90 3. The jobless people problems. There are currently more people while making a living as a professional that does not add up, so there is a problem about people who don't have work. Much of the unemployment population has the damage to national economy directly, because employment is to create productivity and output generation is to make the economy of the nation. Reasons of unemployment may come from - People unemployment because of a few of labor market - People unemployment because of skilled jobless people - People unemployment because of the season such as after the farming Summary of the impact caused by unemployment - The waste of labors - To make a family economic slump and depressed the overall economy - Social problems - Make mental health to be deteriorate The solutions 1. The problem of natural disasters in the agricultural occupations Farmers should bring a mix of agriculture along the new theory of his Majesty the King. His Majesty used to divide the area into four sections according to the structure in the ratio 30: 30: 30: 10. The first 30 per cent, digging swimming pools in the rainy season for the water catchment planting and use of plants in the dry season all year including round to feed the fish and water plants for consume and increase family. To give the guidelines to calculate a cubic meters per 1000 water cultivation 1 Rai and on the swimming pool may create chicken or pig sty. The second section, 30 percent of rice because rice is the main food intake of Thai people with average criteria consumption 200 kg rice of one person per year. Farmers have each 3 – 4 people, planting the rice are 5 acres so the rice output by approximately 30 tanks, which is sufficient to consume all year round. After harvesting rice, the famers can plant bean

91 crops that are two of benefits that is the yield from crops, beans and pea families are capable of fixing nitrogen from the air and keep the root knot. Keep adding nitrogen fertilizer in the soil. The third section, 30 percent of cultivated wood, woody living wood, wood is made fuel, wooden house building, plant crops, vegetables, and herbs etc. for consumption and useable. If the utility is consumed, it is going to be the next revenue The fourth section, 10 percent is residential, and others such as ridge, road ,basked ,compost pile, yield hatchery, mushrooms vegetables, brood pigs and chicken sty, etc. The management will be able to solve the problem of natural disasters throughout the drought will likely flood areas around water barrier, will likely wind sheltered from trees planted around planting. Strom could not be accessed because there is water protected that is ridge. Pest is cropping rotations, life-cycle changes that are unable to grow. 2. The marketing problem In order to solve the problems with the funding sources and the lack of control should be based on the philosophy of sufficiency economy principle of his Majesty and performed. As follows: Sufficient 1. Moderation - Fit. Not too much or little to their own potential with the social landscape. - Do not suffer their own, and others 2. Reasonable - Decision on sufficiency grounds to take effect and reasonable - A decision from the relevant factors - The decision in consideration of the effect that occurs with carefully

92 3. Having a great immunity - Predicting the risk of changes to the side that is expected to happen in the future, both near and far. - Get ready with affected change The use of virtue with knowledge; 1. Moral conditions - Honestly, endurance, use the intelligence for living life and harmonization 2. The knowledge criteria. - Knowledge of the relevant profession. - Carefully consider the associated knowledge to life. .....” the term of enough \"..... is sufficient, so if people is enough in demand that is a little greed, greed is little will less persecution of others, at least if all countries have an idea this one is not economy, there is enough to do what I think it means ' do not highly coveted not extreme that we are as happy. This may be sufficient, there will be a luxury, but that's not going to molest other people. Moderation in doing, talking or whatever you do in enough to do enough. .....\"Enough. His Majesty the King's commandment At Dusidalai hall in Chitralada Villa Royal Residence December 4, 1998

93 Worksheet no.17 For students, the main research work of His Majesty the King at about barriers and solutions as 2 topics. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

94 Chapter 6 The career project Subject matter For any occupation as project guidelines/directions to help the profession are clear. So entrepreneurs must have knowledge and understanding. The importance of career project, with step by step project was writing with writing a career plan to inspect the project properly and appropriately. Indicators 1. To be capable explain the importance of doing a career project. 2. To be capable writing project. 3. To be capable writing an action plan 4. To be capable to inspect the project properly and appropriately. Contents Topic 1 the importance of doing a career project. Topic 2 the process of writing projects Topic 3 the written action plan Topic 4 the examination of project Supporting media learning 1. The knowledge in paper 2. The paper work 3. The internet

95 Topic 1 The importance of doing a career project The career project is working to contribute to the profession and earn by how they work and how long in advance, such as a project to conserve food from fruits, vegetables grown using non-toxic, food preservation projects from project plants and the lobby made from rattan wood timber etc. , which studies the project's career should be aware of the following information. 1. The types of a career project. There are several types of occupation projects can choose according to their needs in accordance with individual attention. To make a project, it's important to learn how to project and project category as detailed information when deciding which projects to meet their interests. You can categorize your project. As follows: 1.1 Types of Thai arts and culture conservation. The project is unique and nutritious Thai, which is the successor to Inherited Thai to remain forever like the Thai cooking stabiles and Thai snacks, as well as various arts and crafts work, etc. 1.2 Types of collection. Collecting categories, documents, or other research sources may be accumulated and file picture book education document scraps with subject matter is sufficient and appropriate to the maturity of the person in terms of quantity and quality. 1.3 Types of experiment. It is an experiment to answer or find the result will occur. From experiments are suitable for the person's maturity, such as extraction of color from plants and vegetable food preservation breeding Siamese fighting fish, etc. 1.4 Types of development from the original from. It is derived from the original work to modify the material, color, size and shape, different from the original or better both the beauty and quality, such as boxes, pens, pencils, wipe the carpet feet, cloth bag and gift bags, etc.

96 2. Factors for making a career project Making a career project are factors that are involved. As follows 2.1 The skill and interested in selecting projects. It is to prevent the mistakes that occur during learning that the project is changed during the semester which affect development and self-improvement. 2.2 The group of project. Project groups do the project in accordance with interest and same proficiency to develop the skills to work as a team, leaders and scholars, as well, throughout the feature spam on working with others appropriately 2.3 To apply local resource in the project. The local resource is used in the project, which consists of various natural materials or the rest of the material, also use local wisdom, as well as knowledge of various capabilities that bring a consultant to do the project. 2.4 The budget for the project. The budget should be used for economical and affordable too. If you can find materials that are not require funding to help reduce expenses. Make low cost and have the opportunity to get more profit. 2.5 The duration of the project. The project should consider the time carefully, both in practical projects from the first till the last step and successfully work until the first estimates that will require a long period and may select more than 1 project per semester, which is defined in the operational plan. As follows: Year Operation May Jun July Aug Sep

97 2.6 The project location. We should explore and determine appropriate attractions both within the. or outside the school to prevent problems, lack of workplace projects. 2.7 Materials and tools required. We should explore whether anything is in shortage and what schools should supply comes from which sources, as appropriate

98 Topic 2 The process of writing projects To writing the project. Before practicality should have the following activities: 1. Study on collaborative projects, for example, various types of information in order to decide which projects to meet their own needs and interests. In addition, basic skills must be considered for each type of project, which is a difficulty, knowledge and competencies in accordance with is enough to do the project. 2. The group of people that is interested the same thing. The team is committed to working together in love to work, responsibly with mutual assistance spirit, don't take advantage of other people especially need to be interested in doing a project with the same title and the same joint-stock company business models 3. Exploration and attention the needs of the local, the environment, natural resources and raw materials that will be used in projects that have a sufficient quantity and amount to make project to guide future career development. 4. Decision. The data is from study and surveys into consideration and decided to choose a project by everyone involved in the decision to select a project. 5. The meeting. A meeting to select a person into a position that is defined by an individual's role with the positions as follows: 5.1 Managing director 5.2 production director 5.3 Financial director 5.4 Accounting director and secretary In the case of members in the group have the same number of smaller or larger than 5 people may improve the position appropriate with the number and position. 6. A consultant. Consultant is chosen by the members of the selected teachers or specialists as consultants, based on appropriate knowledge to the project.

99 7. Coordination. A member within the group will be responsible for coordinating various stages of work and permits is a teacher as a consultant, along with advice on making the project as well as writing the project operations, expenditure and revenue accounting, costing the profit-loss statement for the accuracy of the project.

100 Writing project. 1. Project name. Do anything. 2. The name of person operating project. Who is done? 3. Consultant Who is consulting help and helping? 4. The principle and main reason Why choose this career? 5. Objective. 6. Goal What will be done, or benefit? 7. The duration of process There has been much of what works? 8. Location When? 9. Budget Where? many to use? What kind of resource to use and how 10. The process of operation 11. The expected outcome How are the steps or process? What will happen?