ภาษาอังกฤษ ระดับมัธยมศึกษาตอนปลาย BF31001

93 Activity 7 Meaning Word Meaning autobiography อตั ชีวประวตั ิ Root word and word origin ตนเอง dentist ทนั ตแพทย์ ฟัน literature วรรณobject Root Meaning จดหมาย manual คู่มือ auto self มือ innovation นวตั object dent tooth ใหม่ telephone โทรศพั ท์ liter letter เสียง man hand ดว้ ยเสียง manuscript ตน้ ฉบบั neo new เขียน phon-, sound, แสงอาทิตย์ phono- voice ดวงอาทิตย์ solar แวน่ สายตา scrib, write มองดู spectacles ยาปฏิชีวนะ script ชีวิต antibiotic ทางทะเล sol sun เห็น marine spec look, see Meaning bio life Meaning Word ต่อตา้ นสงั คม mar see ชุมชน ต่อตา้ น, ดขู ดั แยง้ antisocial ไม่เห็นดว้ ย Prefix กบั , ดว้ ยกนั community ที่ผิดกฎหมาย แยกจาก, ไม่ disagree ไม่สุภาพ Root Meaning ไม่ illegal มองไม่เห็น anti Against ไม่ impolite ระหวา่ งประเทศ com with, together ไม่ invisible การขาดแคลนอาหาร dis apart, not ระหวา่ ง international การพดู คนเดียว il- not ไม่ดี, ชวั่ ร้าย malnutrition ระดบั ปริญญาโท im- not หน่ึงเดียว monologue in- not หลงั จาก postgraduate inter between mal bad, evil mono one, single post after

94 Suffix Meaning Word Meaning ชาวอเมริกนั Root person or thing belongs to American นกั เตน้ รา -an person or thing that does something Dancer ผฝู้ ึ กงาน -er, or person to whom the action is done Trainee นกั ประวตั ิศาสตร์ -ee person skilled in the subject Historian นกั สงั คมนิยม -ian one who believes in socialist -ist Activity 8 1. John told me to go away. 2. The teacher told her students to shut up. 3. Suda told Suwit not to smoke. 4. My father told me to drive in speed limit. 5. My sister told me to beware of the fierce dog. Activity 9 Arrange in this order: 4 – 3 – 1 – 2 Activity 10 1. b 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. c Activity 11 1. help 2. Touch or slightest contact 3. avoid 4. remove Activity 12 1. b 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. b 6.c 7.a 8.c Activity 13 1. thin strips 2. marinate 3. corn flour 4. stir 5. thickened 5. golden and crispy on the outside 7. chunks or slices 8. combine Activity 14 Arrange in this order: 5 – 3 – 4 – 2 – 1 – 6

95 Chapter 3 Hello! Could you tell me……? Key Contents Nowadays, telephone communication is widespread, so in calling friends, relatives or calling to ask for information, learners need to use appropriate expressions to meet the goal of this lesson. Expected Learning Outcomes 1. Using appropriate language in telephone conversation with friends, relatives and acquaintances 2. Calling to ask for information 3. Calling to request or give information for job-related purpose Scope Lesson 1 Calling acquaintances Lesson 2 Calling to ask for information Lesson 3 Calling to request or give information for job-related purpose

96 Lesson 1 Calling acquaintances There are many situations in which we make a call, for example, calling an acquaintance for personal business or a formal occasion (business interaction, hotel/ticket reservation). The language we use in an informal situation is different from that used in a formal setting. In making a call to an acquaintance, informal language is used between caller and receptionist. Example Description Hello. Introduction: Good morning 02 2819090 (receptionist) Can I speak to Jane, please? Asking for sentence May I speak to Jane, please? Is Jane home? Is Jane there? O.K. Used when the person being called is present Just a moment, please. He/she is out. When someone is not available: Sorry, he/she’s not here right now. May I ask who’s call up, please? Used to ask the name of caller It’s Jane. Used when the person being called pick up Jane is speaking. the phone Would you like to leave a message? Used by receptionist to take a message Could I leave a message? Used when caller wants to leave a message Please tell Jane that Susan called. Used to ask the person being called to call Please tell Jane to call me at 3 p.m. today back Please tell Jane to call me at 02 – 2822222

97 Is Steve there? Study the following telephone conversation between Jane and Greg. The location is John’s. When the phone rings, John picks it up and finds that someone wants to speak to Steve, who is not at home until 17.30. John then asks the name of caller and would tell Steve about Greg’s call. Rrrrrrrr…… John : Hello. Greg : Hello. Is Steve there? John : I’m sorry. He’s not here right now. Greg : What time will he be back? John : Around five thirty. Greg : This afternoon? John : Yes. May I ask who’s calling? Greg : This is his friend, Greg. John : Okay. I’ll tell him you called. Greg : Thanks. Interesting expressions I’m sorry. He’s not here right now. To tell a caller that the person being called is not present, we should say “I’m sorry.”, instead of “He’s not here right now.” We should also start with “I’m sorry.” to sound polite and show ouy sympathy for the caller’s disappointment. Around five thirty. The word around suggests estimation. We can also use about, but around is rather colloquial.

98 May I ask who’s calling? To request the name of caller, this is a suitable expression. In addition, we can also say “May I tell him/her who’s calling?”, which is an indirect question. May I tell him/her who’s calling? Can I Could I (very polite) This is his friend, Greg. Instead of simply telling your name, you can say “This is Greg.” and add your relationship as friend to sound better. Activity 1.1 Is Steve there? : Use the words or phrases in the dialogue to fill in the blanks. John : Hello. Greg : Hello. Is Suzan there? John : I’m sorry, She’s not …………(1)……….. right now. Greg : What time will ……….(2)………? John : Around six thirty. Greg : This afternoon? John : Yes. May I ask ………..(3)……….? Greg : This is her friend, Greg. John : Okay. I’ll tell her you ……….(4)………. . Greg : Thanks.

99 Activity 1.2 Fill in the blanks Rrrrrrrr…… John : Hello. Greg : Hello. ……….(1)..…..….? John : ……..….(2)…….…. He’s not here right now. Greg : ……..….(3)……….. will he be back? John : Around ………(4)……….. Greg : This afternoon? John : Yes. May I ask …………(5)………….? Greg : This is ……………(6)……………….. John : Okay. I’ll tell him ………(7)………… Greg : Thanks. Activity 1.3 Try to talk the following telephone conversations. 1. You ring a friend and his mother answers. She says your friend has gone out to play football. You leave a message to ask your friend to ring you back later. 2. You ring a friend and his sister answers. You ask to speak to your friend. When your friend comes to the telephone you ask him if he has Malee’s telephone number. Lesson 2 Business Call or Calling for Information In making a formal call, including business call or calling for information, we should use these formal expressions. Example Description Hello, Oriental Hotel, Can I help you? Introduction : Good morning, Surapon Company. Can I help operator (receptionist) receiving call for you? first time

100 Can I have extension number 2422? Asking for someone : Can I talk to the manager, please? Could I speak to Mrs. Smith, please? Connecting someone : Is Mr. Lee in? When someone is not available : Caller : Can I have extension 3343, please? Receptionist : Certainly, hold on a minute, Taking a message : I’ll put you through. Making a request : I’m afraid the manager is not available at the moment. The line is busy at the moment. I’m afraid he in a meeting. Could I tell Mr. Johnson who is calling please? Could you ask him to call Mr. Jim at 02 2822222 please? A call by Mr. Kane to Jndy, but when theoperator put him through, Jannie received the call and said Judy was not present and then took his message. Operator : Good morning, General Foundation, Can I help you? Mr. Kane : Hello. Could I talk to the Sales Manager, please? Operator : Certainly, hold on a minute, I’ll put you through. Jannie : Sales Division, Jannie speaking. Mr. Kane : This is Kane calling, Is Judy in? Jannie : I’m afraid she is out at the moment. Can I take a message? Mr. Kane : Yes, could you ask him to call me at 2.30 p.m. I need to talk to him about the new order. Jannie : Could I have your number, please? Mr. Kane : Yes, It’s 222989, and this is Roger Kane.

101 Jannie : Thank you Mr. Kane I’ll give him the message. Mr. Kane : Thanks, bye. Jannie : Bye. Activity 2.1 : Answer the following questions. 1. Who does Mr.Kane want to talk to? 2. Is the sales manager in? Lesson 3 Calling for Job-Related Purpose The following dialogues is about profitable food delivery “Catering Business”. Linda received a call from a customer, who asked her to deliver food to his party with friends. Most of them like fish dishes and some are vegetarian. Activity 3.1 Find the meaning of the following as in the example. Vocabulary Meaning Quality Catering (1) prepare some food (2) dinner party (3) main course (4) dessert (5) some don’t eat meat. (6) selections of sea food (7) mushroom (8) pepper (9) chocolate cake (10) deliver (11)

102 Study this telephone conversation Linda : Quality Catering. Can I help you? Tom : Yes, you can, I am having a party on Friday night. Could you prepare some food for me? Linda : Certainly. What kind of party is it? Tom : It’s a dinner party for eight people. Linda : I see. What do you like us to prepare? Tom : Could you make a main course and a dessert? Linda : No problem. Can you tell me what kind of food your guests like? Tom : Well, most of them like fish, but some don’t eat meat. Linda : I could prepare selections of sea food with mushroom and pepper. Tom : That sounds great! Can you make some chocolate cakes for dessert? Linda : Of course, I can. Tom : Can you deliver the food to my house? Linda : Yes. But I can’t deliver until 7 p.m. Is that Okay? Tom : Yes. That’s fine. Thank you very much. Grammar focus Using Can, Could and Would From the dialogue, we find that they use Can, Could and Would several times. These words can be used to make a polite request. The table below shows how to make a request starting from less formal to formal. Can Will you help me, please? Could Would Would you mind helping me, please? I wonder if you’d mind

103 Activity 3.2 Listen and fill in the blanks. Linda : Quality Catering, ………(1)…………..? Tom : Yes, you can, I am having a party ……………(2)…………... Could you prepare………(3)………. for me? Linda : Certainly. ………(4)………. party is it? Tom : It’s a ……………(5)…………… for eight people. Linda : I see. What do you like us …………………(6)…………………….? Tom : …………(7)……….. make a main course and a dessert/ Linda : No problem. ….…(8)..….. tell me what kind of food your guests like? Tom : Well, most of them like ……(9)….. but some don’t eat ….(10)…… Linda : I could prepare selections of ……(11)……. and vegetarian keech with mushrooms and ………(12)……….. Tom : That sounds great! …(13)… make some chocolate cakes for dessert? Linda : Of course, I can. Tom : Can you ………(14)…………. to my house? Linda : Yes. But I can’t deliver until ……(15)…….. p.m. Is that Okay? Tom : Yes. That’s fine. Thank you very much.

104 Activity 3.3 Jumbled sentences : Rearrange these jumbled conversation sentences to form a proper telephone conversation. Suda Catering, May I help you? Yes, That’s fine. Thank you very much. What kind of party is it? No problem. I see. What do you like us to prepare? Can you deliver the food to my house? It’s welcoming party for ten people. I am having a party on Friday evening. Could Yes, but I will deliver it at 7 p.m. Is that Okay? you prepare some food for me? I’d like some sea food and some dessert. Dialogue Suda : …………………………………………………………………………………………. Bob : …………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………. Suda : ………………………………………………………………………………………….. Bob : ……………………………..……………………………………………………………. Suda : ………………………………………………………………………………………….. Bob : ……………………………..…………………………………………………………….

105 Suda : ………………………………………………………………………………………….. Bob : ……………………………..……………………………………………………………. Suda : ………………………………………………………………………………………….. Bob : ……………………………..……………………………………………………………. Activity 3.4 Answer these questions based on the conversation between Linda and Tom. 1. Who makes the call? a. Linda b. Tom c. Bob 2. What is the purpose of the call? a. To order some food. b. To sell some food. c. To talk about food. 3. When is the party? a. The next day. b. Friday morning. c. Friday evening. 4. How many people will be in the party? a. Six people. b. Seven people. c. Ten people. 5. What food probably won’t be on Bob’s list? a. Sea food. b. Chocolate cake. c. Beef salad.

106 Answer Key for Chapter 3 Activity 1 (3) who’s calling (4) called Activity 1.1 (1) here (2) she be back Activity 1.2 (1) Is Steve there? (2) I’m sorry (3) What time (4) Five thirty (5) who's calling (6) his friend, Greg (7) you called Activity 1.3 Examples 1. You : Hello. Could I speak to John, please? John’s mother : I’m sorry. He is not home right now. He has gone to play football. Could I tell him who’s calling, please? You : Yes. Could you ask him to call Peter at 02 2822222, please? 2. You : Hello. Is that Jane? Anna : Oh! It's not. I am Anne, Jane’s sister. Could you hold on a minute, please? Jane : Hello. You : Hello, Jane. It’s me Peter. Could you give me Bob number? I want to talk to him about one group assignment. Jane : Sure. It’s 02 2820999. You : Thanks.

107 Activity 2 Activity 2.1 1. He wants to talk to the Sales Manager. 2. No, she is not. Activity 3 (7) อาหารทะเลหลากหลายชนิดใหเ้ ลือก (8) เห็ดชนิดต่าง ๆ Activity 3.1 (9) พริกไทย (1) ช่ือบริษทั Quality ส่งอาหารงานเล้ียง (10) เคก้ รสชอ็ กโกแลต (2) จดั อาหาร (11) จดั ส่งอาหารถึงท่ี (3) งานเล้ียงอาหารเยน็ (4) อาหารจานหลกั (5) ขนมหวาน (6) บางคนไม่รับประทานเน้ือสตั ว์ Activity 3.2 (9) fish (1) Can I help you (10) meat (2) on Friday night (11) sea food (3) some food (12) pepper (4) What kind (13) Can you (5) dinner party (14) deliver (6) to prepare (15) seven (7) Could you (8) Can you

108 Activity 3.3 Suda : Suda Catering, May I help you? Bob : I am having a party on Friday evening. Could you prepare some food for me? Suda : What kind of party is it? Bob : It’s welcoming party for ten people. Suda : I see. What do you like us to prepare? Bob : I’d like some sea food and some dessert. Suda : No problem. Bob : Can you deliver the food to my house? Suda : Yes, but I will deliver it at 7 p.m. Is that Okay? Bob : Yes, That’s fine. Thank you very much. Activity 3.4 3. c 4. c 5. c 1. c 2. a

109 Chapter 4 Culture Differences Key Contents Understanding natives’ culture is necessary for the present-day globalization age, when communication is convenient and fast. Learners need to study vocabulary, expressions, structures and culture that is correct and suitable for the natives. They should also express their views on native speakers’ cultures and life. Expected Learning Outcomes 1. Understanding the natives’ cultural differences 2. Using vocabulary and structures appropriate to the native speakes’ culture 3. Comparing the differences between English and Thai cultures ขอบเขตเนือ้ หำ Lesson 1 Using English for communicative purposes in manners appropriate to the native speakers’ social manner and culture Lesson 2 Belief and tradition of the native speakers Lesson 3 Comparing English and Thai structures Lesson 4 Comparing English and Thai sayings, proverbs and poetry

110 Lesson 1 Using English for communicative purposes in manners appropriate to the native speakers’ social manner and culture Using tones and gestures appropriate to a person, place and occasion, for example shaking hands, waving hands,showing facial expression, expressing feelings in various occasions, wearing clothes, attending a party and social activities, such as Blow a kiss Give me a big hug People in the West usually hug each other in the morning before leaving for work, when meeting or parting each other, expressing good wishes on birthday occasions, promotion, wedding and so on, as well as encouraging another person (sometims with a soft pat on the back). http://www.gtoknow.org/blog/english101/271915 Shake hands Greeting is the first step towards a close relationship. When interacting with a foreigner, using their style of greeting like a handshake would make a good impression. Normally, handshaking is done by using the right hand to grip the right hand of your partner and shake gently 1-2 times with a smile. http://www.taa.or.th/index.php?components=articles&id_articles_main=13 Introdicing yourself, for example: May I introduce myself? Let me introduce myself,……………….. Congratulating, for example: Congratulations on …………………………. Expressing condolence, for example: I’m sorry for …………………………….. Requesting assistance, for example: Would you please ………..…… Can you help me……..………..

111 Lesson 2 Belief and tradition of the native speakers In this lesson, learners will study various topics of the relationship between culture and language. Try to understand these topics and complete the activities.  “Cultural Diffences” Travelling to all corners of the word gets easier and easier. We live in a global community, we should learn their cultural differences. Here are some tips for travelers : - In Spain : Woman always kiss on both cheeks. - Chinese children : children never call adults by their first name. - in Canada and the U.S.A. : You do not arrive early if you’re invited to someone’s house. - In Indonesia : You never point to anything with your feet. - The Korean do not pass something to another person or superior with only one hand. - Muslim Countries : Don’t eat with your left hand. - In France : You should not sit down in a café until you have shaken hands with everyone you you know . - In Thailand : you should not touch anyone on the head, except a child. - The Japanese people do not emphasize eye contact. Word Studies Function Meaning n. ความแตกต่าง Vocabulary n. ประเทศ difference n. วฒั นธรรม country n. การเดินทาง culture v. เช้ือเชิญ travelling invite

112 Vocabulary Function Meaning arrive v. มาถึง touch v. แตะ. สมั ผสั kiss v. จบู cheek n. แกม้ superior n. ผทู้ ี่อาวโุ สกวา่ except v. นอกเหนือจาก, ยกเวน้ Activity 1 : Chose the right answer. 1. What country do women always kiss on both checks? a. Japan b. Canada c. Thailand d. Spain 2. The ________ people do not point anything with their feet. a. Indonesia b. Indonesian c. Chinese d. American 3. The ________ people always pass something with both hands to superior. a. Korean b. Canadian c. European d. French 4. The people in ________ do not eat with left hand. a. Canada b. African c. Muslim countries d. USA 5. In ________ children never call adults by their First name. a. China b. USA c. Canada d. U.K. 6. You should not touch someone’head when you are in ________ . a. France b. Thailand c. Greek d. Italy 7. Japanese do not emphasize ________ . a. wink b. wave hand c. wai d. eye contact 8. The people in France will ________ with their friend before they sit down. a. say goodbye b. greet c. shake hands d. kiss

113 Thai Culture Thai culture can be divided into several aspects : beliefs, traditions, social values, and religious, etc. There are five regions in Thailand, each region has its unique culture such as a local language, customs, folk songs, or the way of living. Among those differences, kindness is the characteristic of Thais. The following are some ways to show Thai cultures to foreigners : Tradition : There are many traditional events showing Thai way of living. For example, on Songkran Festival, people pay their respect to the elders by pouring water on their hands, splash water at one another, make merit at the temple, or clean their houses. Religions : Buddhists go to the temple for making merit or meditation and praying. In the past, children enjoyed playing games taken place at the temple such as “jam jee mah kheo poe” Architecture : Classical Thai architecture can be found in monastic monuments such as pagodas and temples. Painting : Classical Thai painting reflecting the stories of Buddhism, Thai customs, and traditions is shown in Buddhist temples and palaces. It is very artful. Handicrafts : There are several handicrafts such as pottery, mutmi silk, and wood carving, ect. Thai literature : Thai literature reflects the beliefs of Buddhism such as the spirit after death depending on his action in the past. Thai songs, music and dance : Each region in Thailand has its own typical songs, music and dance. Occupation : Most of all Thais are connected with agriculture. The equipments used for their occupation are sickle or cart, etc. Tourism : There are many attractive places in Thailand. For example, Khon Kaen is famous for the local product mutmi silk or Chiangmai is well known for distinctive festival and handicrafts such as parasol and wood carving, etc.

114 Food : Thai use only fork and spoon but not knife. Thai eat rice with dishes. Thai food is very spicy because chilly is used in a number of Thai dishes such as curry and even soups. Clothing : Dress neatly on a visit to a religious place. Word Studies Function Meaning Vocabulary adj. วฒั นธรรมไทย Thai culture v. แบ่งแยก divide n. ชาวต่างชาติ foreigner n. หนา้ ตา aspect n. เชื่อถือไวว้ างใจ belief n. ธรรมเนียมประเพณี tradition adv. วงสังคม social adv. เคร่งครัดในศาสนา religious adj. เป็นเอกลกั ษณ์เฉพาะตวั unique n. ทอ้ งถิ่น local n. ประเพณี custom n. เพลงพ้นื เมือง folk song n. วถิ ีชีวติ way of living n. ความแตกต่าง differences n. ความกรุณา kindness n. คุณลกั ษณะ characteristic n. ธรรมเนียมนิยม tradition n. นบั ถือ respect n. ผสู้ ูงอายุ elder v. รดน้า pouring v. ทาน้าเปี ยก splash

115 Vocabulary Function Meaning merit n. ทากศุ ล temple n. วดั Buddhist n. พุทธศาสนิกชน meditate v. คิดราพึง pray v. สวดมนต์ architect n. สถาปนิก pagoda n. สถปู , ปรางค์ painting n. วาดภาพ handicraft n. แกะสลกั occupation n. อาชีพ Activity 2 After you have studied the passage answer these questions. 1. What would people do on Songkran festival? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Where can we find classical Thai architecture? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Which province is famous for the local product mutmi silk? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. What is the religion of Thai people? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………

116 5. What is the main occupation of Thai people? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Grammar focus In this lesson, you have seen the sentence structure beyond Present Simple tense- that is, Passive Voice. It is the sentence or statement in which the subject is the receiver of an action by another person or thing. 1. Passive Voice Structure S + Verb to be + Past Participle - can be - will be - was, were - (is, am, are, was, were) Examples S + (Helping Verb + be + V3) a. Thai culture can be divided into several aspects. S + (Helping Verb + be + V3) b. Classical Thai architecture can be found on monastic monuments. S + (Verb to be + V3) c. Most of all Thai are connected with agriculture.

117 In the first example, the subject is Thai culture and the verb is “can be divided”. The verb is in a passive form and has a Helping Verb “can”. So, the Verb to be in a Passive form is an infinitive without to “be”, as is in the second example. 2. Active & Passive Voice 2.1 Active Voice refers to the sentence in which the subject is the doer of an action. Examples a. He punished a boy. b. Mali eats a mango. c. I shall write a letter. Passive Voice the sentence in which the subject is the receiver of an action by another person . Examples  A boy was punished by him.  A mango is eaten by Mali.  A letter will be written by me. 3. How to change Active Voice to Passive Voice a. Move the object of the Active Voice sentence to the subject of a Passive Voice sentence b. Make sure the tense of Verb to be is the same as the Active Voice sentence c. The verb in the Active Voice sentence must be past participle (preceded by Verb to be) d. Move the subject of the Active Voice sentence to the object of a Passive Voice sentence, followed by “by+ action doer” (in an affirmative sentence)

118 Note When an Active Voice sentence has a Helping Verb (can, could, may, might, must, ought to, has to, have to, (be) going to), follow this guideline to change the sentence into a passive one. The verb following an auxiliary must be infinitive without “to”- that is, be. S+ Helping Verb + be + V3 can, could may, might must, ought to, has to, have to, (be) going to Examples Active Voice : She can drive a car. Passive Voice : A car can be driven by her. Active Voice : I may write a letter this morning. Passive Voice : A letter may be written by me this morning. Active Voice : I cut my hair. Passive Voice : My hair is cut.

119 Activity 3 Change verb in brackets in Passive Voice. 1. Most cupboards (make) ……………… of wood. 2. The rubber (catch) …………………… yesterday. 3. The novel (write) …………………. by Tomyanti. 4. The letter (send) …………………. by air. 5. Those spoons must (wash) ……………… right now. 6. Thousand of cars (sell) ………………….. every day. 7. My house (built) ………………….. twenty years ago. 8. English (speak) ……………………… all over the world. 9. All the doors should (lock) ………………… every night. 10. The shop (close) ………………….. at night.

120 Lesson 2 Cultures of Native Speakers Let’s Celebrate! Holidays and Festivals January or February Chinese New Year : Chinese people celebrate with firecrackers and lion dances. April 13-15 Songkran Festival or traditional Thai New Year is celebrated during April 13-15, At that time people make merit, show respect to the elders by pouring water on their hands, and splash water at one another. May 5 Children’s Day (formerly Boy’s Day) : Japanese families put up coloured streamers shaped like fish, in honor of their children. October 31 Halloween : American children wear costumers and go “trick or treating.” November 2 Day of the Dead Mexican families have picnics in cementeries and offer food to the dead. November Loy Krathong or Festival of light in held on full moon day of the 12thThai lunar month in November, People carry their Krathongs to float them on the nearby water. The Krathong are made of banana leaves and decorated with flowers, a candle, three joss sticks. December 25 Christmas : People in many countries decorate Christmas trees and give each other present.

121 Word Studies Function Meaning Vocabulary v. เฉลิมฉลอง celebrate n. ดอกไมไ้ ฟ firecracker n. เชิดสิงโต lion dance n. สี colour n. เกียรติยศ honor n. ประเพณี custom n. สุสานฝังศพ cemetery n. ธรรมเนียมประเพณีท่ีสืบทอดต่อ ๆ มา tradition n. คุณความดี merit n. ความเคารพ ความนบั ถือ respect adj. (comparative) ผสู้ ูงอาย,ุ อาวโุ สกวา่ elder v. รดน้า pouring water n. เดือนจนั ทรคติ lunar month Activity 4 Add these words to the word map. anniversary cards flowers parade birthday champagne roast turkey wedding cake dancing presents fireworks

Activities 122 …………………………… …………………………………… Things We Give and Receive ……………………………… …………………………………….. ……………………………..... .......………………………….. CELEBRATIONS Special Food and Drink Special Occasions …………………………… ……………………………… …………………………… ……………………………… …………………………… ……………………………… ……………….. ……….. Grammar Focus Speakers use Relative Clause of Time to tell the listeners when the action is taken. Examples  March 17th is the day when the Irish remember St. Patrick.  October is the month when Canadians celebrate Thanksgiving.  August is the month when many Europeans go on vacation.

123 Activity 5 Complete these sentences with Relative Clause of Time. 1. A birthday is the day …………………………………………………….…………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………...………... 2. Vacation is the time .…………………………………………………….…………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………...……….. 3. Songkran is the day ……………………………………………………….………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………...……….... 4. Christmas day is the day ……………………………………………….…………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………...………... 5. Working hour is the hour …………………………………………………….………………. …………………………………………………………………………………...………....... Lesson 3 Comparing English and Thai Structures English and Thai Structures Similarities of Structures Basic sentences structures in every language consists of Subject, Object and Verb. Some sentences may not have all of them, but the differences between languages lie in the arrangement of words. We can group the patterns of grammar by using this arrangement. Thai and English have the same pattern of grammar- thai is, Subject, Verb, Object. What is different is the location of auxiliary verbs and preposition.

124 Table 1. Comparison between English and Thai Structures Examples English Thai 1. Meg is beautiful. เมก็ สวย 2. The little cat is here. แมวตวั เลก็ อยทู่ ่ีน่ี 3. My mother is a nurse. แม่ของฉนั เป็นนางพยาบาล 4. They laugh. พวกเขาหวั เราะ 5. She walk in the garden. หล่อนเดินในสวน sites.google. com/site/…/home/…/wikheraahkhorngsrangphasaxangkvslaeth www.learners.in.th/blog/suparatenglish2/134939 Structures 1. Simple Sentence is the sentence made up of words and has a complete meaning, with subject, verb and perhaps complement. Examples = subject + verb + complement - The students are happy. = subject + verb + object - Sujin bought the clothes. = subject + predicate - She is reading. = subject + verb + object - Linda opens the store. = ubject + verb + object - I like his idea. = subject + verb + subject complement - The company is big and famous. - The news made company staffs happy. = subject + verb + object + object complement In summary, a single sentence consists of 1 subject 1 verb. An object complement and predicate can be adapted to suit each situation.

125 2. Compound Sentence is a sentence made up of at least 2 single sentences, with a conjunction (such as and, or) and probably with a comma ( , ) to link them together. Examples of various conjunctions in compound sentences include and, not only….but also (for an agreeing sentence). We use but, nor, neither nor for a contradicting sentence. Also, we use because and for instance to link sentences to tell reasons or give examples. Other examples include for, or, so, yet, however, therefore, otherwise. Examples - The restaurant is big. - The food is not delicious. = (The restaurant is big, but the food is not delicious.) - John will write a homepage. - He will advertise his company. John will write a homepage, and he will advertise his company. 3. Complex sentence A complex sentence is the sentence composed one Independent clause and one or more sub-clause which is preceded by the word representing a person, thing, place, time or action which is the subject of the main sentence. If separated from the independent clause, this dependent clause (starting with that, which, who, while, what, when ) will have no complete meaning. Examples - The company that we like to apply for a job is famous. = The company is famous. (Indep) = that we like to apply for a job (Dep) - The man who asked for your address is my boss. = The man is my boss. (Indep) = who asked for your address (Dep) http://www.bobaetower.com/webboard/index.php?topic=7525.0

126 Object verb (Transitive verb) is an incomplete verb that needs object to make a complete sentence, such as write, give, buy, look, close, kick. Examples He writes a letter. I bought a new house. อobject verb (Intransitive verb) is a complete verb in itself without an object, such as smile, cry, run, walk, speak, go, come, sleep. Examples I walk every morning. They run very fast. http://www.nabia10.com/learnenglish/gramma/verbs.html Conjunction is a linking word, such as and, or, for, but , since , because , till, untill, before, after , although , though. Functions Conjunction has 2 functions: linking words and linking sentences. 1. linking words, such as noun with noun or verb with verb, for example - Can you sing or dance? 2. linking sentences, for example - I've lived here since I was born. - Joe was there, but Jane was not. Types of conjunction 1. Conjunction can be divided by its function into 2 types. 1) Coordinate conjunction links words of the same status together, such as and, or, for, but. - You or I must stay here. - My sister speaks French but I don't. - She made a meal for us.

127 2) Subordinate conjunction links subordinate clasue with the main clause, and can be grouped into 3 types: 2.1 \"Noun clause\" , for example - They say that they will come again. - The students hope that they will pass the exam. 2.2 \"Adjective clause\" means a subordinate clause that describes the preceding noun, which can be the subject or object, or complement. - This is the book that you gave me last month. - The cake that your mother made was very good. 2.3 “Adverb clause\" means a subordinate clause that describes the verb in the main clause, for example: - He left the room before you came in. - I will wait for you until you return. http://www.kruwittaya.net/conjunction.htm Preposition Preposition is the word that links noun, pronoun or phrase together. The word or phrase that follows preposition is called the object of preposition. Preposition is used to indicate the relation between the noun that follows it and the rest of the sentence. There are 3 types of English preposition: Preposition of time, of place and of place and direction. http://www.montfort.ac.th/newweb/vichakarn/viewDetail.php?sid=69 Preposition can be used in many situations. 1. at with place, such as at the station , at the office, at the bank at with time, such as at 8 o’clock, at noon, at midnight

128 2. in with place, such as in the box, in the house , in Bangkok, in Thailand in with month, year, season, period, such as in the morning, in june , in summer , in 1999 3. on with place, such as on the table, on the tree , on Silom street, on my head on with day, date, important day, such as on Monday , on Janury 2, on my birthday 4. for, such as for you , for me , for people, for our country for with time, such as for ten minutes , for two weeks, for two years 5. since (to indicate the start of an event or time), such as since 1995 , since last year 6. during, such as during the summer , during my vacation 7. between (2 things), such as B is between A and C Jenny is sitting between John and Tom. 8. among ( 3 things and more), such as C is among A, B and D Jenny is among Tom, John and Jack 9. over (precise location), such as The sun is over our heads at noon. 10. above (anywhere), such as The plane is above our heads. http://tc.mengrai.ac.th/pranom/preoisutuib2.htm Grammar focus Learners should study the tenses frequently used in the cultural context, which is usually practiced by people at national and local levels. Present Simple Tense 1. Form 1) Subject + V1 2) If the subject is a third person singular (He, She, It or name), the verb must be added with “s” or “es”)

129 Examples  My brother goes to school.  Pom takes two tablets.  Dang buys a red car. 4) To make a question or negative sentences, use the helpinh verb “does” with a third person singular and use “do” for all others.  Does she like to drink milk?  Does the cat eat rat?  Do you like to have lunch now?  Do we have to go? 2. Usage 1) Happen usually at present or happen frequently Examples  She drinks tea every morning.  That shop is closed at eight o’clock.  I come to school on foot.  My mother always gets up early in the morning. 2) Facts Examples  The earth moves around the sun.  The sun shines by day.  Honey is sweet.  Honesty is the best policy. 3) Imperative sentences Examples

130  Open the window!  Keep quiet!  Sit down! 4) Usually used with Adverb of frequency, such as always, often, usually, generally, sometimes, rarely, seldom, never, hardly (normally placed after Verb to be but before a verb) The words that indicate frequenct are usually placed at the end, such as everyday, twice, three a month, from time to time, in the morning, in the afternoon, during the summer, nowadays. Examples  He usually goes to his office at 7.30 a.m.  I always go for a walk in the morning.  Pat is sometimes cruel.  She seldom misses the class.  Som never eats meat in her life. Activity 6 Choose the correct answer. 1. In Thailand the weather ………… normally cold in December. a. is b. was c. will be d. is going to be

131 2. She always ………… up at six o’clock. a. gets b. got d. is getting e. was getting 3. Sugar ………… sweet. a. is b. are c. was d. were 4. Wait until the manager ………… . a. come b. comes c. is coming d. will come 5. They usually ………… breakfast at 7 o’clock. a. has b. had c. have d. will have Adverb Clause of Time with a Conjunction, such as when, after, before, until, till, as soon as Examples  Before a Japanese couple get married, they send wedding announcements.  When they get married, they usually wear kimonos. Some important characteristics of Adverb Clause are

132 1. For future actions, Adverb Clause of time will be in Present Simple while the Main Clause will be Future, for example When my uncle arrives next week, I will see him at the station. 2. For past actions, Adverb Clause of time was complete in the past before the action in the main clause happened, so present perfect tense is used, for example: Living in another country widens your horizon. It makes you appreciate the things you have and it strengthens the family units. (Intercultural Communication in Context 5thedelion, Mc. Grawhill, 2010) Activity 7 These words are used to describe how people sometime feel when they live in a foreign country. Which are positive (P)? Which are negative (N)? anxious ………………….. fascinated ………………….. clam ………………….. nervous ………………….. comfortable ………………….. secure ………………….. confident ………………….. sure of oneself ………………….. curious ………………….. suspicious ………………….. depressed ………………….. uncertain ………………….. enthusiastic ………………….. uncomfortable ………………….. embarrassed ………………….. worried ………………….. Activity 8 Imagine you are going to live in a foreign country. Write sentences using these noun phrases and your own information. Then write a sentence. 1. The thing that I’d be most worried about is …………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………….

133 2. Something I’d feel confident about is …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. The person that I’d miss the most is …………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. Someone I’d never miss is ……………………………………………………………... ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. Something I might be uncomfortable about is ………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………... 6. The thing that I’d find most exciting is ………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………... Lesson 4 Comparison of proverbs Proverbs in English and Thai have similar meanings, and differ in some cultural aspects. English proverbs are usually more direct than Thai proverbs, which are more like a metaphor. Compare the following proverbs. English Proverbs Thai Proverbs Health is wealth. ความไม่มีโรคเป็นลาภอนั ประเสริฐ Love is blind. ความรักเหมือนโรคา บนั ดาลตาใหม้ ืดมน Prevention is better than cure. กนั ไวด้ ีกวา่ แก้ Spare the rod, spoil the child รักววั ใหผ้ กู รักลกู ใหต้ ี Go to Rome do as Roman do. เขา้ เมืองตาหลิ่ว ตอ้ งหล่ิวตาตาม Two heads are better than one. คนเดียวหวั หาย สองคนเพื่อนตาย Where there’s a will, there’s a way. ความพยายามอยทู่ ่ีไหน ความสาเร็จอยทู่ ่ีนนั่ Together we live; separate we die. รวมกนั เราอยู่ แยกหมู่เราตาย When the cat’s away, the nice dance will play. แมวไม่อยู่ หนูร่าเริง God helps those who help themselves. ตนเป็นท่ีพ่งึ แห่งตน Rome was not built in a day. ชา้ ๆ ไดพ้ ร้าเล่มงาม Never do things by halves อยา่ ทาอะไรคร่ึง ๆ กลาง ๆ

134 A tree is known by its fruit. สาเนียงส่อภาษา กิริยาส่อสกลุ A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. สิบเบ้ียใกลม้ ือ English Proverbs Thai Proverbs Strike while the iron is hot. Action speak louder than words. ไมอ้ ่อนดดั ง่าย Don’t judge a book by its cover. การกระทาสาคญั กวา่ คาพดู Speech is silver, silence is golden. อยา่ ตดั สินคนแค่เพียงรูปลกั ษณ์ภายนอก Time and tide waite for noone. พดู ไปสองไพ่เบ้ีย น่ิงเสียตาลึงทอง Still waters run deep. สายน้าไม่เคยรอท่า วนั เวลาไม่เคยรอใคร Reading makes a full man. น้าน่ิงไหลลึก การอ่านหนงั สือทาใหเ้ ป็นคนที่สมบรู ณ์ Activity 9 : Fill in the blanks to complete the following proverbs. 1. Rome was not ____________ in a day. 2. Speech is silver, sieence is ____________. 3. Still waters ____________ deep. 4. Together we live, separate we ___________. 5. Go to Rome ____________ as Roma do.

135 Answer Key for Chapter 4 Activity 1 1. d 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. a 6. b 7. d 8. c Activity 2 1. People pay their respect to the elders by pouring water on their hands, splash water at one another, make merit at the temple or clean their house. 2. We can find classical Thai architecture in monastic monuments such as pagodas and temples. 3. Khon Kaen is famous for mutmi silk. 4. Buddhism is the religion of Thai nation. 5. Agriculture is the main occupation of the Thai people. Activity 3 1. Most cupboards are made of wood. 2. The robber was caught yesterday. 3. The novel was written by Tomyanti. 4. The letter was sent by air. 5. Those spoons must be washed right now. 6. Thousand of cars were sold every day. 7. My house was built twenty years ago. 8. English is spoken all over the world. 9. All the doors should be locked every night. 10. The shop is closed at night.

Activity 4 136 Activities Things We Give and Receive dancing presents parade cards fireworks flowers CELEBRATIONS Special Food and Drink Special Occasions roast turkey anniversary cake birthday champagne wedding Activity 5 1. A birthday is the day on which a person was born. 2. Vacation is the time when offices or schools are closed. 3. Songkran is the day when people show respect to the elder and throw water at one another. 4. Christmas day is the day when Jesus Christ was born. 5. Working hour is the hour in which work is done. Activity 6 2. a. gets 3. a. is 4. b. comes 5. c. have 1. a. is

137 Activity 7 N fascinated P P nervous N anxious P secure P clam P sure of oneself P comfortable P suspicious N confident N uncertain N curious P uncomfortable N depressed N worried N enthusiastic embarrassed Activity 8 1. speaking English with foreigners. 2. making friends with new people. 3. my parents 4. my boss 5. the cold weather 6. taking a trip on holidays. Activity 9 1. built 2. golden 3. run 4. die 5. do

138 Chapter 5 News & News Headline Key Contents Getting news and information through understanding the types, elements and structure of news, and the words, phrases and expressions usually found in the news as well as complex sentences in various situations. Expected Learning Outcomes 1. Being able to understand and use complex sentences in various situations 2. Being able to use complex tenses 3. Being able to search information from newspapers 4. Formally exchanging news and information 5. Being able to search information from the Internet Scope of Contents Lesson 1 Sounds, vocabulary, phrases and expressions frequently used in the news Lesson 2 Elements of news Lesson 3 Types of news Lesson 4 Structure of news headlines

139 Lesson 1 Sounds, vocabulary, phrases and expressions frequently used in the news http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headinese Various events (such as natural or man-made happenings) that occur in today’s world can be quickly broadcast by the press. The characteristic of news headlines is usually short phrases to allow quick reading and easy understanding. We can use the following verb patterns to write new headlines. 1. Present Simple such as Governor signs bill Two hours of TV – watching boosts heart risk. 2. Past participle (Passive Voice) such as HIV/Aids drugs licence extended. 3. Infinitive to refer to future action, such as Thai group to build $ US 50 m Cultural Centre. 4. Present participle (v-ing) or continuous to refer to future action, such as Foreigners looking to invest in Thailand. 5. Conjunctions are usually replaced with a comma (,) 6. Do not normally use articles a, an, the before a noun, “Bush, Blair laugh off microphone mishap” and usually use short words, such as eye = consider ink = sign a contract see = forecast probe = investigation mull = consider Whitehall = the UK government administration Davos = World Economic Forum etc.

140 Frequently used punctuations are  comma ( , ) means “and”. In addition, the comma behind the name indicates that the statement that follows will describe that person.  colon ( : ) , the colon behind the name indicates that the statement that follows is that person’s quote.  hyphen ( - ) refers to the period of time (from…to…)  slash ( / ) means “or”  bracket ( ) adds meanings to or summarize what precedes the brackets Expressions - to put a new face on means to change the situation, such as Bush’s announcement of his decision to be a candidate for the presidency put an entirely new face on the political campaign. - die-hard means hard to change The Liverpool fan’s die-hard supporters might be found in England. - call in means invite for comsulting, such as We should call in a specialist at this point. - big hit means succeed “The product is good, the presentation is great, you are sure to be a big hit.” - against all odds means fight with back against the wall Brian is fighting against all odds to save his company. - all set means ready at all times Our plans for the new corporation are all set. Lesson 2 Elements of News News in the newspaper has 3 main components: 1. Headline 2. Lead 3. Details

141 1. Headline is a summary fo the key point of the news. It aims to attract readers’ attention and is printed in bold capital letters . Its main characteristics are  Using short words. It may not be a complete sentence, for example, it may have the subject with no verb or article. Also, it usually uses short words that share the meaning with the one in common use. Use back for support Use gem for jewels  Using abbreviations made from initials, such as the name of organizations and agencies APEC = Asian - Pacific Economic Cooperation ESCAP = Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific OPEC = Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries UNICEF = United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund In addition to the headline, some news may have Sub-headline. Sub-headline is an extension to the headline, giving more information about the news, and is printed in bold letters smaller than the headline, but bigger than the details. The sub- headline is not required.

142 2.Lead begins with the first paragraph following the headline or in some news the sub- headline. It tells the beginning of the news and covers the main idea and facts. The lead helps describes the headline to readers. 3. Details = all the facts of the news which include - main point - main idea - support detail Readers can read the news quickly and get the main idea correctly by looking at the subject and the verb in the lead, as the most important part is in the first paragraph, for example Headline Thai embassy in Sweden gets warning Lead The Thai embassy in Sweden has been under security protection from Swedish authorities, after receiving a letter warning that Detail Thailand could be a target for terrorists after sending soldiers to Iraq. Foreign Ministry spokesman Sihasak Puangketkaew said yesterday. The letter was sent from Malino to the embassy in Stockholm by Al Bashir Al Makkawi. The spokesman said the embassy had contacted the Swedish government to help track down the motive behind the letter and any possible connections between the sender and any terrorist groups. Swedish authorities were protecting the embassy at the request of the ambassador, he added. The spokesman said the government decided to send troops to join the United States-led coalition in Iraq only for humanitarian reasons, with no other intentions. Thai troops are stationed at Camp Lima in Karbala.