Sachmoi.net-Phuong-phap-hoc-tap-sieu-toc

["nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n lo\u00e0i chu\u1ed9t hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u). Nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? B\u1edfi v\u00ec, m\u1ed7i khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u1edbi trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp theo. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i mu\u00f4n m\u00e0u mu\u00f4n v\u1ebb c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c cu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea5t trong v\u01b0\u1eddn cho t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111i t\u1edbi l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i. H\u00e3y ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. H\u00e3y th\u1eed n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb h\u01a1n! Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e2n sau nh\u00e0 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng m\u00f9a h\u00e8, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n m\u1eddi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4ng qua s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c t\u00ecm trong th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c cho khu v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Sau khi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n th\u1eed ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft mua nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 mang ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y nghi\u00eam c\u1ee9u, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng s th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i khi n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea1m vi an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, b\u1ea1n t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c. Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i khi ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111i ch\u01a1i du thuy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e1n, h\u00e3y quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi m\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng quan s\u00e1t. (\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i xem c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i \u1edf nh\u00e0). N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ng\u1ed3i xem nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n tung nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u l\u1eeda l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 \u201cm\u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\u201d th\u00ec h\u00e3y th\u1eed l\u00e0m! N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i th\u1ea3o","lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thu x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia bu\u1ed5i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. H\u00e3y t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i khi n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea1m vi an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i thay. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n khi lu\u00f4n \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i giam m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ee9t kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, ta ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Ch\u00ednh qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi, s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Diamond v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng phong ph\u00fa, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0, c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u00edch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho b\u1ea1n. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0o, t\u1eeb tr\u1ebb t\u1edbi gi\u00e0, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n m\u01a1 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3! B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp si\u00eau t\u1ed1c. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n s\u1edbm h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe Muffy Davis l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. C\u00f4 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c. Th\u00e1ng 2\/1989, trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean s\u00e2n t\u1eadp Mount Baldy t\u1ea1i thung l\u0169ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (Sun Valley) \u1edf Idaho, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 tan v\u1ee1. Muffy chao \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t v\u1ec7t d\u00e0i, r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c 35 d\u1eb7m\/gi\u1edd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u00e2y. Tai n\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 b\u1ecb b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi. Trong ba th\u00e1ng r\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i Muffy n\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00f4 d\u1ed3n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3\u1eefa l\u00e0nh v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Xung quanh c\u00f4 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 gi\u00fap c\u00f4 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c: \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, hoa, th\u00fa \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 in tr\u00ean m\u00e1y tinh nh\u01b0 \u201cMuffy \u01a1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i y\u00eau b\u1ea1n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cch\u00fac b\u1ea1n mau h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c nhanh\u201d. Muffy c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch theo h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf. V\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u1edf b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 theo h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trung h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m l\u1edbp tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trung h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi GPA l\u00e0 3,39. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean xe l\u0103n, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay Muffy \u0111\u00e3 quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 thao. Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00f4 ch\u01a1i tennis v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e1n, c\u00f4 c\u00f2n \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u01a1i m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft.","Hi\u1ec7n nay, Muffy l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford. C\u00f4 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach theo h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nhanh. C\u00f4 v\u1eabn d\u00e0nh h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ednh kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho Muffy kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng Muffy v\u1eabn tin r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft Muffy th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.","4.5. C\u1ee6NG C\u1ed0 L\u1ea0I KI\u1ebeN TH\u1ee8C (\u201cTH\u1edcI GIAN NGH\u1ec8 GI\u1ea2I LAO\u201d) \u1ede SuperCamp, nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i lao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i, nhi\u1ec1u khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 cho h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ec9. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 gi\u01a1 tay v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp ngh\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i lao lu\u00f4n. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1edb r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc trong ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Do v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i lao trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1edb nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i lao ng\u1eafn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u201cti\u00ean quy\u1ebft\u201d. Th\u1ee9 hai, khi \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u01b0 duy, b\u1edfi v\u1eady, v\u00e0i ph\u00fat ngh\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i lao s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e3o, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ti\u1ebfp theo. Gi\u1edd ngh\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i lao c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp thu v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 trong tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec ngh\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i lao c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu trong kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, hay \u201cm\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf\u201d. Trong kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, ti\u1ebfp thu nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c \u1edf c\u00f4ng s\u1edf th\u00ec ngh\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i lao c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Thay b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c \u0111ang nghe sang m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c nhanh v\u00e0 vui v\u1ebb, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u trong 10 ph\u00fat. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i d\u1ea1o, ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean, xu\u1ed1ng b\u1eadc c\u1ea7u thang trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean c\u1ecf v\u00e0 ng\u1eafm m\u00e2y, ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a v\u1edbi ch\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp si\u00eau t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ch\u01a1i, gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3\u1edf nh\u00e0 hay \u1edf c\u00f4ng s\u1edf, \u1edf th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n hay \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u00e0o. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft H\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3: o T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 trong nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian","l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. o T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn trang b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. o T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u00f4i t\u1eadp trung trong su\u1ed1t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc. o T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft 4 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp th\u00eam s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng cho tr\u00ed : 1. ____________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________ 4. ____________________________________________ o T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac mang t\u00ednh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. o T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ngh\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i lao \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc, c\u1ea3 trong kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.","5. GI\u1eee TH\u00c1I \u0110\u1ed8 CHI\u1ebeN TH\u1eaeNG: B\u1ea0N S\u1ebc L\u00c0M G\u00cc N\u1ebeU BI\u1ebeT M\u00ccNH KH\u00d4NG TH\u1ec2 TH\u1ea4T B\u1ea0I? T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y? B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd: - Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c F la id=\\\"filepos299315\\\"> ch\u1eef c\u00e1i vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb Feedback (ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i) nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n Failure (th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i). - L\u1ef1c ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cao. - V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. - Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. \u00dd ngh\u0129 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i sao bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Khi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n? Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7? Gen di truy\u1ec1n? Hay s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Song, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng\u201d. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng \u1edf b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng cao v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cao. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cC\u00e1i g\u00ec ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn\u201d v\u00e0 Henry Ford b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam: \u201cB\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec\u201d. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00edch c\u1ef1c s\u1ebd l\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i? B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh? Thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p? Vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch? Hay quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc? T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n","d\u1eebng h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi 4 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. N\u00e0o, h\u00e3y d\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecdc. Song \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3? Nhi\u1ec1u khi, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i: s\u1ee3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m vi an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y nguy c\u01a1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. S\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u1eef b\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ri\u00eang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, ni\u1ec1m vui, \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khen ng\u1ee3i. Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 s\u1ebd ng\u0103n b\u1ea1n khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i? 1. ____________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________ Khi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y \u0111N v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. Ngay t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n b\u00e9, v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu k\u1ef3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, mu\u1ed1n n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ni\u1ec1m vui, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u00e1nh h\u00e0o quang r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. Khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb b\u00e9 x\u00edu m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft b\u00f2, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u0111i v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m theo. D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111i. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nh\u1ed5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eady, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf x\u00edu; ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp v\u1ecbn \u0111i men ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 d\u1eaft. Khi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n l\u00f3ng ng\u00f3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ng\u00e3 \u0111au. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ngh\u0129: \u201cM\u00ecnh ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 b\u00f2 trong su\u1ed1t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng! B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n ch\u1eadp ch\u1eefng \u0111i kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, m\u00e0 trong b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o b\u00e9 t\u00ed h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean. Failure = Feedback (th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i = th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng) Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp \u0111i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u1edbn hay kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c ngu d\u1ed1t, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n b\u1ea1n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi b\u1ecb ng\u00e3, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129: \u201cTh\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5! M\u00ecnh hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn","th\u1ea5y!\u201d, m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u0313 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. Ch\u1ec9 khi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n kh\u00e1t khao m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng Ni\u1ec1m vui N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00c1nh h\u00e0o quang r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1eadp \u0111i. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p mang t\u00ednh ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea1n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i h\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Khi h\u1ecdc \u0111i, b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed5 v\u0169 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed5 v\u0169, th\u00ec \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng \u201ch\u00e3y qu\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111i, d\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5 d\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1edbi t\u1ea5p. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u0103ng> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 trong t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu b\u1edfi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9m tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u00f3ng khi ch\u01a1i b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5. Khi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1eb9 b\u1ea1n an \u1ee7i: \u201cCon y\u00eau, \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00e1 lo l\u1eafng, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ai ch\u01a1i b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5 c\u0169ng gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e2u!\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng mang \u1ea9n \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, con \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian b\u1edfi v\u00ec con kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi m\u00f4n b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. Kho\u1ea3ng 12, 13 tu\u1ed5i, b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ca s\u0129, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129\u2026 Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ai, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 tin th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c k\u00e9o b\u1ea1n xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u00f2n r\u00fat h\u1ebft n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u1ec9 khi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.","Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i = Th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u2192 S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb ch\u01a1i b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5 cho t\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay l\u00e1i m\u00e1y bay, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00f3ng ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi s\u1ef1 l\u00f3ng ng\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u201ct\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y\u201d, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi s\u1ef1 l\u00f3ng ng\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y, sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u01b0a?","5.1. T\u1ef0 KHUY\u1ebeN KH\u00cdCH M\u00ccNH \u2013 M\u1ed8T TR\u1ea0NG TH\u00c1I T\u00c2M L\u00dd C\u1ee6A TH\u00c1I \u0110\u1ed8 TIN C\u1eacY Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Jack Canfield, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea r\u1eb1ng, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea5p 6 l\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ra sao? T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khen. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 khen m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 treo gi\u1ea3i cho m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng> \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai l\u1ea7n? S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u00f4n \u0111i \u00f4n l\u1ea1i. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u00ecnh v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ec7c. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edbm v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed k\u00e9m vui. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ec7c, bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 vui ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed3n t\u1ebb. N\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ec7c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u sau \u0111\u00e2y x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a? B\u1ea1n \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p trong h\u00e0nh lang c\u01a1 quan m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i th\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 2 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3: \u201cAnh ta nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111ang gi\u1eadn m\u00ecnh v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean m\u1edbi ph\u1edbt l\u1edd m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d ho\u1eb7c: \u201cC\u00f4 \u1ea5y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111ang m\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111i th\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nghe th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh ch\u00e0o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh\u201d. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 th\u1ea5t s\u00e1ch, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, song c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c chung chung. Khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1n mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Khi b\u1ea1n mong ch\u1edd nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u","t\u1ed1t, b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n d\u1ed3n h\u1ebft t\u00e2m s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng mong ch\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft mong ch\u1edd, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n b\u1ea1n th\u1eadt ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n bi\u1ebft bao. Khi nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111i \u0111i l\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1eadt tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c. T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn? Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh dung trong \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129: \u201cTr\u1eddi \u01a1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n\u201d. \u201cT\u00f4i r\u1ea5t bu\u1ed3n\u201d, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00ednh t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh bu\u1ed3n\u201d. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1n vui l\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1n nh\u1ee5t \u00fd ch\u00ed. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9. Khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y th\u1eed h\u00ecnh dung ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u00edch l\u1ec7. Trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00dd ngh\u0129 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, b\u01b0\u1ee3c - \u00dd ngh\u0129 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u, h\u00e3y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 sau: C\u1ee9 5 ng\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc sinh r\u1ee5t r\u00e8, nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t, h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 ra 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1edf c\u00f4 \u1ea5y, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00f4 \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh m\u1edbi 7 tu\u1ed5i, thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin khi \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm ra 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u1eadu ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 khen ng\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat t\u1ef1 ti, h\u00e3y n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f4 \u1ea5y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Sau 5 ng\u00e0y, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c trong th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u1ecf trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, h\u00e3y t\u00ednh xem b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra cho m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: \u2022 T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. \u2022 T\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.","\u2022 T\u00f4i cam \u0111oan l\u00e0 s\u1ebd n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. \u2022 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. \u2022 C\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, t\u00f4i c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. \u2022 T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i. \u2022 B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u2022 T\u00f4i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y. \u2022 B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u2022 Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 vui v\u1ebb! \u2022 Tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng. \u2022 T\u00f4i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh. Cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 11 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201ct\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft\u201d. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf b\u1ea1n \u00f4n l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ea1ch ra cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201ct\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft\u201d c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u gi\u1eef cho th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung cao \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e3y bi\u1ebft mong ch\u1edd, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd d\u1ed3n h\u1ebft t\u00e2m s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng mong ch\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.","5.2. SINH L\u00dd H\u1eccC C\u00d3 \u1ea2NH H\u01af\u1edeNG NH\u01af TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O? C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 b\u00e9 ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u01a1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m. C\u00f4 b\u00e9 m\u1ec7t l\u1eed, v\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i l\u00ean t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng, gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd kh\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 \u0111i\u1ec3m, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4 b\u00e9 ng\u1ed3i th\u1ee5p xu\u1ed1ng, m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea3y d\u00e0i, c\u1eb1m run run, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u0103n d\u00e0i tr\u00ean m\u00e1, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 20 gi\u00e2y. T\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao c\u00f4 b\u00e9 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y tr\u1eddi u \u00e1m, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i v\u1eabn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i \u0103n tr\u01b0a \u1edf ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean nh\u1ecf g\u1ea7n c\u01a1 quan. Khi t\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i \u0103n b\u00e1nh sandwich v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfc cho m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m thanh ni\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u00eanh ngang \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u1eadt d\u1eady v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 l\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady, \u0111i \u0111i l\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i trong kho\u1ea3ng 20 ph\u00fat, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ed3n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i th\u1eadt nhanh v\u1ec1. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 quan, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n khi\u1ebfn tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u00ed \u00f3c t\u1eadp trung h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00e2\u1ea1ng m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng gh\u1ebf, c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng, hai tay khoanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ef1c, m\u00f4i m\u00edm ch\u1eb7t, hai m\u00e1 ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng, nh\u00edu m\u1eaft, cau m\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ed1 t\u1ecf ra vui v\u1ebb v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c quan. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? T\u00f4i tin l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. H\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c. Ng\u1ed3i th\u1eb3ng l\u00ean gh\u1ebf, ng\u1ea9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 vai l\u00ean, m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi, hai m\u1eaft m\u1edf to. Ng\u1ea9ng cao \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ed1 t\u1ecf ra bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? T\u00f4i tin l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. (N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, t\u00f4i d\u00e1m \u0111\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n sai). B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 tin trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc, trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp khi b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tham gia c\u00e1c h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ghi nh\u1eadn t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i th\u1ee5p th\u1ea5t s\u00e1ch sang ng\u1ed3i th\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ch\u00fang ta quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng,","th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh dung m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc si\u00eau t\u1ed1c. N\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ea3i xem s\u1ef1 l\u00f3ng ng\u00f3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 khen th\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh khi b\u1ea1n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t Craig Francisco bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Arnold Palmer. Nh\u01b0ng anh v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao g\u00f4n m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t anh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Ch\u00ednh anh c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u01a1i g\u00f4n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u201cT\u00f4i ngh\u0129 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u01a1i gi\u1ecfi m\u00f4n n\u00e0y\u201d \u2013 Anh n\u00f3i, \u201cT\u00f4i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho anh bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i t\u1ed1t m\u00f4n n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi anh ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng b\u00e0n tay tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean th\u1ee7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng d\u00e0y 1 inch. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb anh vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 theo anh l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t anh mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf anh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u h\u01a1n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Craig hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n anh l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c, b\u1edfi l\u00fac n\u00e0o anh c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, b\u1edfi v\u1eady tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng anh \u0111\u00e3 ghi \u201cnh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c\u201d. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, khi anh xuy\u00ean th\u1ee7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng, anh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng sung s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn. \u201cKhi t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.\u201d \u2013 anh n\u00f3i. Anh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u01a1i g\u00f4n trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y h\u00e8 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee7a anh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean khu, nh\u1ea5t v\u00f9ng, nh\u1ea5t qu\u1eadn trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a anh c\u00f2n x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 6 trong to\u00e0n bang Ohio. Craig Francisco, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng, m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f4n th\u1ee7 t\u1ed3i, nay \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f4n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n anh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 11 c\u00fap trong m\u00f9a gi\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 anh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam 9 c\u00fap n\u1eefa. \u201cT\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u201d. Theo Craig, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5i thay.","T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft H\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o \u00f4 tr\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3: o T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0:......................................................................... o T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. o T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng o T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng. o T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft 5 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u00ecnh: 1. ______________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________","6. KH\u00c1M PH\u00c1 PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P H\u1eccC C\u1ee6A B\u1ea0N T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y? B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd: - Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. - H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp thu v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin. - T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. - Nh\u1eadn ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u1ef9, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed7i h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y theo nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n, th\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau. Rita Dunn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ti\u00ean phong trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m: c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp thu \u00fd ki\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n k chi\u1ebfu y\u1ebfu \u1edbt. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi h\u1ecdc nh\u00f3m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i th\u00edch h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00edch kh\u00f4ng gian s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea1c trong khi h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung n\u1ebfu c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean t\u0129nh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00edch m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, ng\u0103n n\u1eafp, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00edch b\u00e0y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp thu v\u00e0","c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ti\u1ebfp thu th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. \u01afu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng, hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eabn nhau v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 2 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp thu th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t; th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 (\u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp thu v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 khi \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, gi\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi, cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 nh\u00ecn, nghe, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c (V-A-K). Nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c: Nh\u00ecn (V:visual): l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y; Nghe (A: auditory): l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec nghe th\u1ea5y; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c (K: kinesthetic): l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc qua v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u1edf nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, song m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c th\u00edch m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Michael Grinder, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n \u201cRighting the Education Conveyor Belt\u201d \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00f3 20 h\u1ecdc sinh, trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 22 em l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u00ecn, nghe v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Trong 8 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 6 h\u1ecdc sinh th\u00edch h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n hai em ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kia, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng, tr\u1eeb khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0y, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Hai h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p kh\u0103n trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp do nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.","6.1. CH\u1eccN PH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8C H\u1eccC: NH\u00ccN, NGHE, HAY \u0110\u1ed8NG L\u1ef0C C\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00f4i\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i\u201d hay: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nghe h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00f4i\u201d, \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c t\u00f4i\u201d ch\u01b0a? Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n cho m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u01b0a th\u00edch. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn ho\u1eb7c nghe, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, h\u00ecnh th\u00f9, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i ch\u1eadm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh? M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nghe nh\u1eefng manh m\u1ed1i trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean. C\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n khi tham gia m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 hay h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o. B\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o hay t\u1eeb nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh? Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nghe th\u00edch nghe h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung v\u00ec c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nghe ghi ch\u00e9p m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong bu gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ghi tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi ch\u00e9p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cth\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh\u201d v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ec9 th\u1ecbt c\u1eebu n\u01b0\u1edbng, g\u1ed3m 35 mi\u1ebfng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, k\u00e8m theo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf g\u1ed3m 20 trang gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n b\u00e0y bi\u1ec7n. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda th\u00ec m\u1edbi l\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nhau? Hay b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u00ecn. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn hay h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng khi b\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c ai \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng","th\u1ee9c nghe. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng manh m\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201cnh\u00ecn\u201d: \u2022 G\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng ng\u0103n n\u1eafp. \u2022 N\u00f3i nhanh. span> T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach t\u1ed1t. \u2022 Hay quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u2022 C\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00edch xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. \u2022 Vi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c t\u1eeb trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed h\u1ecd. \u2022 Nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe. \u2022 Ghi nh\u1edb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. \u2022 Th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n. \u2022 Th\u01b0\u1eddng ghi nh\u1edb k\u00e9m nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ghi ch\u00e9p, hay y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i. \u2022 L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc nhanh v\u00e0 kho\u1ebb. \u2022 Th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc cho nghe. \u2022 C\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u2022 Vi\u1ebft ngu\u1ec7ch ngo\u1ea1c trong khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ecdai v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp. \u2022 Qu\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u2022 Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn \u201cc\u00f3\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d. \u2022 Th\u00edch thuy\u1ebft minh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u. \u2022 Th\u00edch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c h\u01a1n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. \u2022 Th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i g\u00ec nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 ra t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u2022 \u0110\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd c\u00f2n h\u00e1t khi \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201cnghe\u201d \u2022 T\u1ef1 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh sau khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u2022 D\u1ec5 m\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n.","\u2022 M\u1ea5p m\u00e1y m\u00f4i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u2022 Th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc to v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghe. \u2022 C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u2022 Kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng th\u00edch k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n. \u2022 N\u00f3i theo m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u2022 Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n. \u2022 Th\u00edch \u00e2m nh\u1ea1 h\u01a1n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. \u2022 H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghe v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t. \u2022 L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay n\u00f3i, \u01b0a th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u00edch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng. \u2022 Th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i quan s\u00e1t. \u2022 C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m to t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft. \u2022 Th\u00edch n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a h\u01a1n n\u00f3i h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c\u201d \u2022 N\u00f3i ch\u1eadm. \u2022 Th\u00edch c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. \u2022 Th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1m nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u2022 \u0110\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n. \u2022 C\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u. \u2022 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm. \u2022 H\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh>\u2022 Ghi nh\u1edb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t. \u2022 D\u00f9ng ng\u00f3n tay v\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed khi \u0111\u1ecdc. \u2022 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, \u0111i\u1ec7u b\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u. \u2022 Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. \u2022 Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. \u2022 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u2022 Th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n ly k\u1ef3. \u2022 C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft tay l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. \u2022 Th\u00edch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u2022 Th\u00edch nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc.","C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng khi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc k\u00e9m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00fap. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trung h\u1ecdc l\u00ean cao \u0111\u1eb3ng, b\u1edfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u00ecn sang nghe. Do v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00ecn b\u1ed7ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1eeb h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi giao ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb hay \u201ct\u1eeb x\u1eed l\u00fd\u201d. Khi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u01b0a th\u00edch, c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Khi b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn n\u00f3 khi giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb c\u0169ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201cnh\u00ecn\u201d n\u00f3i nhanh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201cnghe\u201d n\u00f3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c\u201d n\u00f3i ch\u1eadm. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t b\u00ed quy\u1ebft nh\u1ecf khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ecdai. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201cnh\u00ecn\u201d, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady, t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f3i nhanh h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c\u201d, h\u00e3y ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u00ea cao ch\u00e2n l\u00ean, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd n\u00f3i ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u00e1m hi\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201cnh\u00ecn\u201d: Hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft t\u00f4i T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa Nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 M\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eaft C\u00f3 t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1... \u00dd ki\u1ebfn m\u01a1 h\u1ed3","D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a... Tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0... H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng... Con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u0110\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 tranh Ch\u0103m lo \u0111\u1ebfn... Thi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn Ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201cnghe\u201d: C\u1ea3 hai tai S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng R\u00f5 nh\u01b0 chu\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft Hay la m\u1eafng H\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe t\u00f4i Nghe gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n Chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ea9n v\u01a1 To v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng N\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng N\u00f3i lu\u00f4n m\u1ed3m Rung chu\u00f4ng N\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh\/Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Kh\u00f4ng nghe th\u1ea5y B\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m","Tro ph\u1ea1m vi nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c\u201d: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, ng\u0103n n\u1eafp R\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn... Gh\u00ec ch\u1eb7t L\u01a1 l\u1eedng trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed N\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec Nghe th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec S\u1edd c\u00e1i g\u00ec C\u00f3 xu th\u1ebf v\u1ec1... Treo \u1edf \u0111\u00f3! Gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y \u0110\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n b\u00e0i l\u00ean b\u00e0n K\u00e9o d\u00e2y R\u1eafn nh\u01b0 \u0111inh Tu\u1ed9t kh\u1ecfi tr\u00ed \u00f3c B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb v\u1ea1ch xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t Kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u00e1 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i Gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201cnh\u00ecn\u201d, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi.","6.2. B\u1ea0N X\u1eec L\u00dd TH\u00d4NG TIN B\u1eb0NG C\u00c1CH N\u00c0O? H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft V-A-K (nh\u00ecn, nghe, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c) s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp thu th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp thu v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh do Anthony Georoge, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Connecticut, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u2022 Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u2022 Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (theo tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh) v\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh). Hai kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi 4 h\u00e0nh vi n\u1eafm b\u1eaft m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 duy. Gregore g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3 2 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u201cli\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u201d c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 n\u00e3o tr\u00e1i, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy \u201cng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean\u201d th\u00ec n\u00e3o ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c V-A-K, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta th\u00edch m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi n\u00f3 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c. Th\u1eed h\u00ecnh dung n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 duy kh\u00e1c nhau. Do v\u1eady, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 duy r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i test nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u 2 trong 4 t\u1eeb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n 1. a. Gi\u00e0u tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng","b. Th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d. C\u00f3 \u00f3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 2. a. C\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b. D\u1ec5 th\u00edch nghi c. Hay ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch d. T\u00f2 m\u00f2 3. a. Hay tranh lu\u1eadn b. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng c. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o d. Hay li\u00ean h\u1ec7 4. a. Mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b. Thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft su\u00f4ng d. Th\u00edch th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m 5. a. Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b. Linh ho\u1ea1t c. C\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d. C\u00f3 \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o 6. a. Bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian b. Ng\u0103n n\u1eafp c. Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m d. \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp 7. a. C\u00f3 s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh b. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n","c. S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c d. H\u1ee3p l\u00fd 8. a.Th\u00f4ng minh b. Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m d. M\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m 9. a. \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp b. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach 10. a. Ghi nh\u1edb b. C\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c. T\u01b0 duy d. Ph\u00e1t minh 11. a. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i b. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t c. Kh\u00f4ng g\u00f2 b\u00f3 d. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn 12. a. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp b. \u01afa kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c. C\u1ea9n th\u1eadn d. Hay l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn 13. a. Hay \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b. T\u00edch c\u1ef1c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c. Quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c","d. Th\u00edch kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t 14. a. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b. Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c. \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng 15. a. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b. C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c. T\u01b0 duy d. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m John Parks Le Tellier, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a SuperCamp \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u00f3m 4 t\u1eeb, ch\u1ecdn 2 trong s\u1ed1 4 t\u1eeb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u201cc\u00f3\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i trung th\u1ef1c! Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, h\u00e3y khoanh tr\u00f2n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u1edf t\u1eebng c\u1ed9t I, II, III v\u00e0 IV, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi 4. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.","Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 duy c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u1eadp bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 cho m\u00ecnh. Thao t\u00e1c c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nhau. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y","r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed7i g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb h\u00ecnh t\u1ee9 gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u nhau th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a t\u1ee9 gi\u00e1c x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5n \u00e1t ba kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y). Sau khi b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 duy, h\u00e3y v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 cho m\u00ecnh","6.3. NH\u1eeeNG NG\u01af\u1edcI T\u01af DUY THEO PH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8C C\u1ee4 TH\u1ec2 LI\u00caN T\u1ee4C Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 theo tuy\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, x\u00fac gi\u00e1c, th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c, v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ee9u gi\u00e1c. H\u1ecd ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c, quy t\u1eafc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, do v\u1eady c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 theo quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eb9o nh\u1ecf d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1eddi gian: L\u1eadp th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ec3u ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n th\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o bi\u1ebft t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Chia nh\u1ecf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc: \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c> T\u1ea1o cho m\u00ecnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c y\u00ean t\u0129nh: Ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, do v\u1eady c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 theo quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc.","6.4. NH\u1eeeNG NG\u01af\u1edcI T\u01af DUY THEO PH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8C C\u1ee4 TH\u1ec2 NG\u1eaaU NHI\u00caN Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng hay c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u00edt c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed v\u00e0 sai. Do v\u1eady, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian khi tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb. H\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 duy t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t: Chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 duy H\u00e3y tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng, vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho b\u1ea1n. N\u00ean t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c ch\u00fang. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 T\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c tham gia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c qua \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00eau v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1eddi gian \u0110\u01b0a ra th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1eb7t ra. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft Khi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb1m gi\u1eef cho tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n minh m\u1eabn. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n T\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 duy, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9>","6.5. NH\u1eeeNG NG\u01af\u1edcI T\u01af DUY THEO PH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8C TR\u1eeaU T\u01af\u1ee2NG NG\u1eaaU NHI\u00caN Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m. Trong h\u1ecd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i v\u00e0 rung c\u1ea3m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp thu nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1ed3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00fang th\u00f4ng qua suy ngh\u0129 (\u0111\u00f4i khi, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. T\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tha id=\\\"filepos456015\\\">c \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t khi ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m hay ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n quan s\u00e1t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong c\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1 \u0111N. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1t t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ea9m sinh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c T\u00ecm nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 khoe c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi h\u1ed9. Khi b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh xong m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, h\u00e3y \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i. Ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n Tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng \u00fd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u00f2n r\u00fat h\u1ebft n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c quan (xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 9). S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng","c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1edd ngh\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 H\u00e3y \u0111i t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u1ecf. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi gian Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t, ngh\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i lao, sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c. Quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ban \u0111\u1ea7u khi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u00e1m hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan H\u00e3y d\u00e1n nh\u1eefng \u00e1m hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf b\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u00f4-t\u00f4, tr\u00ean g\u01b0\u01a1ng trong nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm ho\u1eb7c \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00e9t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1ebd l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n l\u1ecbch th\u00e1ng l\u1edbn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u2026 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin th\u00f4ng qua suy ng\u1eabm. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.","6.6. NH\u1eeeNG NG\u01af\u1edcI T\u01af DUY THEO PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P TR\u1eeaU T\u01af\u1ee2NG LI\u00caN T\u1ee4C Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 mang t\u00ednh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u1ecd th\u00edch t\u01b0 duy theo c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00edch t\u01b0 duy theo c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00f4ng tin. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft gia, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00f4ng tin. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd mang t\u00ednh l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. H\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea5t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. Nh\u00ecn chung, h\u1ecd th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp h\u01a1n l\u00e0 theo nh\u00f3m. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Giao cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp mang t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn Khi c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 sang t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u00f3 trong t\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00ecnh t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cao h\u01a1n. Trong khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n, h\u00e3y l\u1eadp bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ngi, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00edch t\u01b0 duy theo c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00f4ng tin.","H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft gia, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc.","6.7. L\u1eacP K\u1ebe HO\u1ea0CH K\u1ef2 NGH\u1ec8 THEO PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P T\u01af DUY KH\u00c1C NHAU D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 duy kh\u00e1c nhau h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 h\u00e8 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111i, th\u1eddi gian \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed. Khi \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xong, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach v\u1ec1 ng\u00e2n qu\u1ef9 d\u00e0nh cho thu\u00ea kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, qu\u00e0 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed kh\u00e1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u00e9t ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o t\u1eebng phong b\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau.","6.8. C\u00c2N B\u1eb0NG HO\u1ea0T \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u1ee6A B\u1ed8 N\u00c3O Khi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 duy b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi tho\u1ea3ng b\u1eaft m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp do Ned Herrmann, m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e3o ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf (t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean) \u2022 H\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u2022 S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh v\u00e0o album. \u2022 Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd. \u2022 L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u00eau c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u2022 L\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. \u2022 Tham gia m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. \u2022 N\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chia l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n> \u2022 H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u2022 Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 phim y\u00eau th\u00edch \u2022 S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e3o tr\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf (t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) \u2022 C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a con v\u1eadt m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n y\u00eau th\u00edch. \u2022 T\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0103n s\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 n\u1ea5u m\u00f3n \u0103n \u0111\u00f3. \u2022 Ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t. \u2022 Ch\u1ee5p 500 b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3. \u2022 S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u2022 L\u00e1i xe lang thang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. \u2022 Ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi con tr\u1ebb theo s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u2022 Ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y 10 ph\u00fat.","\u2022 Ch\u01a1i b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c y\u00eau th\u00edch khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n nghe. T\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m duy linh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng theo t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o. \u2022 H\u00e3y \u201cchuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m m\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y th\u1eed th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean trong hai ho\u1eb7c ba tu\u1ea7n, sau \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i. D\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf trang b\u00ean, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i thay \u0111\u1ea5y! Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng theo c\u1ea3 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c: \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 nghe. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 duy theo n\u00e3o ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 n\u00e3o tr\u00e1i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u00edt \u01b0a th\u00edch. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u00ecn, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n xu\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, sau khi tham gia m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o n\u00e0y th\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft, d\u00f9ng tay v\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nghe, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ee3i sau khi h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o k\u1ebft th\u00fac, l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u00ecn, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdcph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb t\u01b0 duy v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1ebd tranh v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t th\u00edch v\u1ebd) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ef1c quan. Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e3y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00f3i theo nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n hay t\u1ed3i h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0110i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o \u00f4 tr\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: o T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u00f4i.","o T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ____________________ (nh\u00ecn, nghe, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c). o T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 duy theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ____________________ (c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean). o T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o. o T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy. o T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 duy hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.","7. K\u1ef8 THU\u1eacT GHI CH\u00c9P C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6 CAO T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y? B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd: - Nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. - Nh\u1edb c\u00e1c chi t\u1ebft d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. - G\u1eafn k\u1ebft \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. - B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1eaft n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. - Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o bu\u1ed3n t\u1ebb. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u00ecnh v\u1eeba b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o l\u1eadp k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach quan tr\u1ecdng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i hai \u0111\u1ebfn ba ti\u1ebfng. Trong th\u1eddi gian h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u. Khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, b\u1ea1n m\u1edf v\u1edf ghi ch\u00e9p ra v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb chi ch\u00edt. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n ghi ch\u00e9p nhanh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i x\u1ebfp h\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd? Quay l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec ch\u0103ng? L\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1? Hay c\u1ea7u may m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn si\u00eau ph\u00e0m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, xem x\u00e9t m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.","7.1. T\u1ea0I SAO PH\u1ea2I H\u1eccC C\u00c1CH GHI CH\u00c9P Ghi ch\u00e9p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n, ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. L\u00fd do \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ghi ch\u00e9p l\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, nghe th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y. B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh. Th\u1ee7 th\u1eadt ghi ch\u00e9p nhanh kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Song n\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi ra c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edb r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t khi ch\u00fang ta ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec nghe ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. Ghi ch\u00e9p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian do b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang khi c\u1ea7n. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb m\u00e3i trong \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1edb trong \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd g\u1ee3i l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u ban \u0111\u1ea7u trong b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o. Do v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, hay ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111> Song, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ghi bao nhi\u00eau, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ghi ch\u00e9p d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft hay ghi l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u? D\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ghi ch\u00e9p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t?","7.2. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P PH\u00c1C H\u1eccA TRUY\u1ec0N TH\u1ed0NG Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf trang b\u00ean. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p, b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n trong ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean ghi ch\u00e9p theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u cho h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1. H\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecfi, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda. Khi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111i l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn. Thay cho vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ghi ch\u00e9p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ghi ch\u00e9p theo ki\u1ec3u ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 theo v\u00e0 \u00edt khi n\u1eafm b\u1eaft b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n v\u00e0","7.3. NGHI\u00caN C\u1ee8U HO\u1ea0T \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u1ee6A B\u1ed8 N\u00c3O M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ghi ch\u00e9p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng\u2026 Ghi ch\u00e9p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ta nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u00e0 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ghi ch\u00e9p m\u1edbi gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, nh\u1edb l\u00e2u, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin theo tuy\u1ebfn, theo m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch. S\u1edf d\u0129 ch\u00fang ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u theo tuy\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1o ho\u00e1 khi\u1ebfn mi\u1ec7ng ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t \u00e2m 1 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang ta, c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u00e2m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd trong giao ti\u1ebfp. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f2n di\u1ec5n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu theo tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng l\u00fac t\u00ecm ki\u1ebf, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, li\u00ean k\u1ebft, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111an xen v\u1edbi tranh v\u1ebd, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. Do v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1edb h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n, lung tung l\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u1ef1c b\u1eadt ra xung quanh b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra m\u1ed7i l\u00fac m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb. C\u00e1c giao ti\u1ebfp theo tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00f4ng tin th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u1edb h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau; t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch logic, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra trong b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi giao ti\u1ebfp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghe c\u00e1c t\u1eeb. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta nghe c\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eebng t\u1eeb trong m\u1ed9t v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 am hi\u1ec3u, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 thi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec. Giao ti\u1ebfp theo tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00f4ng tin th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u1edb h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau.","Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ghi ch\u00e9p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p TM\u2013 ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn. Hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 trong t\u01b0 duy gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 nh\u1edb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.","7.4. L\u1eacP B\u1ea2N \u0110\u1ed2 T\u01af DUY \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201cc\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trang s\u00e1ch. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb, l\u1eadp bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy s\u1ebd l\u1eadp cho b\u1ea1n \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ghi ch\u00e9p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tony Buzan ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 70 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o. B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng tranh v\u1ebd, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u00e2m thanh, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i nh\u1eafc d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ghi ch\u00e9p n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ghi ch\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, vui v\u1ebb v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u1ea3i do d\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc suy ngh\u0129 ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p khi n\u00f3 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy. L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u201cc\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o\u201d, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn \u1edf kh\u1ed5 gi\u1ea5y A4, nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o v\u00e0o trang \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd v\u1ebd qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o tr\u00ean trang gi\u1ea5y? V\u00e0o g\u00f3c ph\u1ea3i ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, g\u00f3c tr\u00e1i ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi, hay \u1edf gi\u1eefa? B\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 m\u00e0u hay ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111en tr\u1eafng? H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd v\u1ebd \u1edf gi\u1eefa trang gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 t\u00f4 m\u00e0u. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o l\u01b0u gi\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi n\u00f3. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp nh\u1ecf sau:","H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Quay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ho\u1eb7c che b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u2022 Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a 4 nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u2022 M\u0169i t\u00ean \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u? \u2022 Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u1edf nh\u00e1nh tr\u00e1i b\u00ean tr\u00ean? \u2022 Ba m\u1eb9o nh\u1ecf gi\u00fap l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1edb c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00e9m. Nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u00edch trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1ng ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1n th\u00eam nh\u1eefng g\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef ngu\u1ec7ch ngo\u1ea1c trong t\u1eadn 3 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o.","7.5. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P L\u1eacP B\u1ea2N \u0110\u1ed2 T\u01af DUY \u0110\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy, ta d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng b\u00fat ch\u00ec m\u00e0u v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa trang gi\u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1eb7t ngang t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u0313 \u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc sau: 1. Vi\u1ebft theo ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef in ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh \u1edf gi\u1eefa trang gi\u1ea5y, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng khung b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c. Trong ph\u1ea7n v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf tr\u00ean, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng khung b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u00e1ng. 2. K\u00e9o c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa ra, m\u1ed7i nh\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh. S\u1ed1 nh\u00e1nh s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n. T\u00f4 m\u00e0u cho m\u1ed7i nh\u00e1nh. 3. Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh l\u00ean m\u1ed7i nh\u00e1nh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian. 4. \u0110i\u1ec1n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 minh h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p trong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy: \u2022 Vi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ho\u1eb7c in, d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i in hoa. \u2022 Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1eef th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng to h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1eaft b\u1ea1n khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p sau n\u00e0y> \u2022 C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n. Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eddi gian quan tr\u1ecdng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1edbi c\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u2022 G\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n c\u00e1c t\u1eeb, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i in \u0111\u1eadm. \u2022 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.","\u2022 D\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u2022 V\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy theo chi\u1ec1u ngang \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9t h\u01a1n.","7.6. M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 \u0110I\u1ec0U NH\u1ece KH\u00c1C \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u0103n xu\u00f4i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng t\u00f4i, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi. H\u00e3y xem qua cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc, l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1n th\u00eam c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ghi ch\u00e9p, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 m\u1ed7i nh\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u00e1o c\u00e1o trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o ra nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch trang tr\u00ed l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i. Duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong v\u00f2ng 24 gi\u1edd l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ghi nh\u1edb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00edch ghi ch\u00e9p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau trong khi nghe gi\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c nghe b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t anh b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t. Anh th\u01b0\u1eddng ghi ch\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy khi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n m\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy theo chi\u1ec1u ngang s\u1ebd ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y: L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ghi ch\u00e9p r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u chi","ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00f4i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p th\u01b0 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ecdai, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p, m\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3n \u0111Nc b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Joy Wycoff v\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (NXB Berkley, New York, 1999). Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 duy."]