HTML5 -Bangla-E-book

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 GBP wU Gg Gj 5 cieZx© fvm©b : 2.0 [ Av‡iv wKQz †ewk ] HTML 4 & 5 m¤cv`bvq eyKwewW www.bookbd.info 1

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15ÒAvgv‡`i cÖej B‛Qv _vKv m‡Ë¡I Avgiv eBwUi m¤cyb© Kwc Avc‡jvWKi‡Z cvijvg bv GRb¨ Ley B `ty wLZ | †Kbbv eBwU wcÖ›U Kwc evRv‡iAv‡Q Avcbviv PvB‡j eBwU evsjv‡`‡ki †h †Kvb jvB‡eªwi †_‡K msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ÒeB m¤c‡K© †h †Kvb ai‡bb Z_¨ I mgm¨vi Rb¨ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‚b : 01712901842 (Shihab) Email: [email protected] www.bookbd.infoeKy wewW n‡‛Q evsjv‡`kx cÖ‡dkbvj evsjv eB mg‡~ ni I‡qemvBU| †hLvb †_‡K Avcwb B-eKy webv g‡~ j¨ WvDb‡jvW Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †h eB¸‡jv Avcbv‡K AvBwU AvDU‡mvwm©s-G cÖ‡dkbvj K¨vwiqvi M‡o Zjz ‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| G QvovI wb‡R wb‡R †Kvb cÖKvi †UªwbsQvovB †h †Kvb wel‡qi Dci cÖ‡dkbvj `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib GB eB¸‡jv c‡o| Avi Avcbv‡`i †Kvb civgk© _vK‡j Aek¨B Avgv‡`i‡K Rvbv‡eb, GB wVKvbvq t- [email protected]. 2

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15GBP wU Gg Gj 5†jLK : †gvt wgRvbiy ingvb (m¤úv`bvq eKy wewW)¯^Z¡ : †jLKcÖKvkK : kixd nvmvb Zid`viE-mail Ávb‡Kvl cÖKvkbxcÖKvkKvj 38/2K evsjvevRvi, XvKv-1100| †dvb-7118443, 8623251, 8112441 : [email protected] [email protected] : RyjvB 2013 Bs‡iwRcÖ‛Q` : †gvt †gvRv‡¤§j ûmvBb (mRj)†gKvc : wek¦wRr `vmK‡¤úvR : KgwcDUvi wjU¨v‡iwm nvDmg`y ªY : †bvfv †cÖm GÛ cvewj‡KkÝISBN 15/we, wgiciy †ivW XvKv-1205| †dvb t 9667919 : 978-984-90538-0-4gj~ ¨ : 360.00 (wmwW mn) UvKv gvÎ | 3

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 DrmM© Av¤§y wg‡mm mvwdqv †eMg Ges AveŸy †gvt knx`Dj- ¨v cv‡Uvqvix| 4

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 KZ… ÁZv Bgivb †nv‡mb I‡qe cÖ‡dkbvj (mvD_ Gwkqvb AvBwmwU)ab¨ev` t1. †gvt kwid †nv‡mb (wknve), I‡qe cÖ‡dkbvj (mvD_ Gwkqvb AvBwmwU)2. mvjgvb Rby v‡q`, I‡qe cÖ‡dkbvj (mvD_ Gwkqvb AvBwmwU)3. Zvbfxi Bmjvg, I‡qe cÖ‡dkbvj (mvD_ Gwkqvb AvBwmwU)4. wmKv›`vi ev`kv, wmBI (e½ KwgDwb‡Kkbm) GB eBwUi mv‡_ wd« hv i‡q‡Q : 5

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wd« wmwW1. eBwUi mv‡_ GKwU wd« wmwW Av‡Q|2. eB‡q e¨eüZ mKj †KvWmgn~ D³ wmwW‡Z †`qv Av‡Q|3. eB‡q e¨eüZ mKj cÖ‡R±mgn~ D³ wmwW‡Z †`qv Av‡Q|cwi‡ekK/cÖvwß ¯’vb 6

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 f‚wgKv 7

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15gvbe mf¨Zvi Rb¨ weÁv‡bi Avkxe©v` ¯^iƒc AmsL¨ Ae`vb Gi g‡a¨ e¨envi I cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi w`Kw`‡q kx‡l© Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q Kw¤úDUvi bvgK hš¿wU| Avi eZ©gv‡b Kw¤úDUvi bvgK GB hš¿wUi mv‡_h³y n‡q‡Q Avi GK gnvN©¨ welq - ÔÔB›Uvi‡bUÕÕ| B›Uvi‡bU Avwef©v‡ei `i‚Y Avgv‡`i •`bw›`bRxeb Z_v †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v, †jLvcov, we‡bv`b, †Kbv-KvUv BZ¨vw` me wKQBz n‡q D‡V‡Q mnR†_‡K mn‡RvËi| gyn~‡Zi© g‡a¨B B›Uvi‡bU Z_v I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g Avgiv Avgv‡`i †KvbKvw“LZ Z_¨ nvwQj wKsev wewfbœ cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z m¶g nw‛Q| Avi †mB mv‡_ cvj- v w`‡q evo‡QI‡qemvBU wWRvBb ev •Zwii Pvwn`v| I‡qemvBU •Zwi‡Z wewfbœ †cÖvMvÖ wgs j¨vs¸‡qR, ÷vBj kxUGi g‡a¨ HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) e¨envi eva¨Zvgj~ K|GBPwUGgGj‡K I‡qe‡cBR •Zwii wfwËI ejv n‡q _v‡K| GBPwUGgGj e¨envi K‡i wb‡RiI‡qemvBU •Zwi Kivi cvkvcvwk PvB‡j AvDU‡mvwm©s Gi gva¨‡g AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb GiI e¨vcKm‡y hvM i‡q‡Q| †Kbbv, eZ©gv‡b †jvKvj gv‡KU© ‡c- m Ges d«xj¨vwÝs †h †Kvb Gwiqv‡ZB GKRbGBPwUGgGj †W‡fjcv‡ii Pvwn`v A‡bK| Avi mn‡R Ges ¯^í mg‡q GBPwUGgGj †kLvi Rb¨†jL‡Ki GB ÔÔGBPwUGgGj-5ÕÕ eBwU Ab¨Zg GK cÖqvm| GKRb GBPwUGgGj G·cvU© n‡qKvR Ki‡Z †h mKj welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© m¯y úó Ávb _vKv cÖ‡qvRb (c¨vivMvÖ d, †U·U dig¨vwUs,wjsK, B‡gR, dg©, †Uwej, AwWI, wfwWI BZ¨vw`), Zvi cÖwZwU welq mnR I môy zfv‡e GB eBwU‡ZAv‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk GBPwUGgGj e¨envi K‡i †ek wKQz ev¯—egL~ x cÖ‡R‡±i e¨envi†`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q, hv‡Z K‡i cvVKiv ev¯—e Rxe‡b KvR Kivi mg¨K aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †jL‡Ki K_v 8

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15gnvb Avj- vn& ZvÕAvjvi A‡kl ïKwiqv, evsjv‡`‡k gvZ…fvlvq ÔÔGBPwUGgGj-5ÕÕ eBwU cvVK‡`i nv‡Z Zz‡j †`evi Rb¨| †`‡ki AMwYZ cvVK‡`i Pvwn`v Avi Ab‡y ivaB Avgv‡K GB eBwU †jLvi Aby‡ciÖ Yv hwy M‡q‡Q|eZ©gvb DbœZ we‡k¦i mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Pjv, wKsev wb‡Ri GKwU Ae¯’vb •Zwi Kivi Rb¨ gvbyl AvR†h †Kvb GKwU wel‡qi Dci `¶ n‡‛Qb| G‡¶‡Î Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMvÖ wgs‡K †cQ‡b †djvi †Kvbm‡y hvMB †bB| gvby‡qi wbZ¨-bZzb Pvwn`v, wKsev wewfbœ mgm¨v mgvav‡b B›Uvi‡bU Z_v I‡qemvBUGi e¨envi Ab¯^xKvh©| DbœZ we‡k¦i gvbyliv †Zv GLb Zv‡`i •`bw›`b KvR-Kg©, wKsev Pvwn`v meB›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡gB ci~ Y Ki‡Qb| cÖwZw`b Zviv Zv‡`i Pvwn`v ci~ ‡Y wfwRU Ki‡Qb wewfbœai‡Yi I‡qemvBU| wfwRUi‡`i GmKj Pvwn`v c~i‡Y •Zwi n‡‛Q bvbv ai‡Yi I‡qemvBU| †h¸‡jv•Zwi‡Z e¨eüZ n‡‛Q wewfbœ ai‡Yi †cÖvMvÖ wgs j¨vs¸‡qR| Zb¥‡a¨ GBPwUGgGj (gvK©Avcj¨vs¸‡qR) Ab¨Zg, †hwU I‡qemvBU •Zwi‡Z wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| †h‡nZz, w`b w`b I‡qemvBU•Zwi Z_v I‡qe wWRvBwbs-Gi Pvwn`v ew„ × cv‡‛Q, †m‡nZz ejv hvq, GKRb I‡qe wWRvBbvi n‡qwbR Kg©ms¯’v‡bi GK AvkvcY~ © w`K D‡b¥vPb Kiv m¤¢e| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki AvBwU †Kv¤úvbx¸‡jvAvR Zv‡`i Pvwn`v Abmy v‡i `¶ Ges Dchy³ nv‡i I‡qe wWRvBbvi cv‡‛Qb bv| ZvQvov, GLb †Zvgvbly PvKzwii Rb¨ Avi kn‡i kn‡i N‡y i †eov‡‛Qb bv| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui Kj¨v‡b AvR Zviv N‡i e‡mBcÖPiz cwigv‡Y A_© DcvR©b Ki‡Z m¶g n‡‛Q| Zviv AvR B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡gB Zv‡`i Kg©ms¯’v‡bic_ cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Q| ZvB Avwg Avgvi GB eBwU‡K Ggbfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ, †hb ZvmK‡ji wbKU mn‡R †evaMg¨ nq| me‡k‡l, mK‡ji mvdj¨ Kvgbv KiwQ, Avwg- †gvt wgRvbiy ingvb facebook.com/ebookbd facebook.com/mijanurrahmanbd www.bookbd.info [email protected] mw~ PcÎ GBPwUGgGj-5 9

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15Aa¨vq c„ôvAa¨vq-1 t GBPwUGgGj (HTML) wb‡q cÖv_wgK Av‡jvPbv :..........................................16 1.1: GBPwUGgGj (HTML) Kx?......................................................................................17 1.2: HTML j¨vs¸‡qR wKfv‡e KvR K‡i?..........................................................................17 1.3: GBPwUGgGj j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri cÖ‡qvRbxqZv.......................................................................18 1.4: K¨vwiqvi wn‡m‡e HTML j¨vs¸‡qR..........................................................................19Aa¨vq-2 t HTML e¨vwmK:....................................................................................212.1 t HTML U¨vM (Tag)........................................................................................................22 2.1.1 t HTML U¨vM †jLvi wbqg......................................................................................22 2.1.2 t I‡cwbs U¨vM (Opening Tags) .............................................................................22 2.1.3 t †K¬vwRs U¨vM (Closing Tags) ...............................................................................22 2.1.4 t HTML G¤úwU U¨vM (Empty Tags) .....................................................................222.2 t HTML †WwcÖ‡K‡UW U¨vM (Deprecated Tags) I A¨vwUªweDU (Attributes) .............................222.3 t HTML A¨vwUªweDU (Attributes) I f¨vwjD (Value) ...........................................................23 2.3.1 t A¨vwUªweDU †jLvi wbqg ..........................................................................................23 2.3.2 t f¨vwjD †mU Kivi wbqg .........................................................................................23 2.3.3 t HTML Gi cÖavb A¨vwUªweDU mgn~ ..........................................................................23 2.3.3.1 t id ........................................................................................................24 2.3.3.2 t class ...................................................................................................24 2.3.3.3 t title .....................................................................................................24 2.3.3.4 t style ...................................................................................................252.4 t Kb‡U›U (Contents) .......................................................................................................252.5 t HTML G·‡Ubkb (Extension) .....................................................................................252.6 t HTML GwWUi .............................................................................................................262.7 t HTML dvBj Gi e¨vwmK MVb .........................................................................................272.8 t HTML G cÖ_g †cÖvMÖvg †jLv ...........................................................................................272.9 t Bb‡W‡›Ukb (Indention) .................................................................................................352.10 t GBPwUGgGj K‡g›U (Comments) .................................................................................36 2.10.1 t K‡g›U (Comments) Gi e¨envi .........................................................................362.11 t WK‡z g›U UvBc wW‡K¬qv‡ikb ..............................................................................................37Aa¨vq-3 t GBPwUGgGj Bwj‡g›U (Elements)...................................................................393.1 t HTML Bwj‡g›U (Elements) .........................................................................................40 3.1.1 t Bwj‡g›U Gi MVb .................................................................................................41 3.1.2 t †b‡óW GBPwUGgGj Bwj‡g›U (Nested HTML Elements) .......................................42 3.1.3 t HTML Gi cÖavb Bwj‡g›Umg~n ..............................................................................43 3.1.3.1 t <html> Element .................................................................................44 3.1.3.2 t <head> Element ................................................................................45 10

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 3.1.3.3 t <title> Element .................................................................................46 3.1.3.3.1 t <title> Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi t .......................................................47 3.1.3.4 t <body> Element ...............................................................................49 3.1.3.4.1 t <body> Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi t ......................................................49 3.1.3.4.1.1 t <body> Bwj‡g›U G A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi ............................52 3.1.3.4.1.1.1 t alink .................................................................52 3.1.3.4.1.1.2 t background ......................................................54 3.1.3.4.1.1.3 t bgcolor .............................................................56 3.1.3.4.1.1.4 t link ..................................................................58 3.1.3.4.1.1.5 t text ...................................................................60 3.1.3.4.1.1.6 t vlink .................................................................61Aa¨vq-4 t GBPwUGgGj †U·U di‡gwUs : ............................................................................654.1 t HTML Basic Text Formatting ..................................................................................66 4.1.1 t Heading (<h1> †_‡K <h6>) Elements wb‡q Av‡jvPbv .........................................66 4.1.1.1 t.Heading Bwj‡g›U G A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi ..................................................72 4.1.1.1.1 t align (Deprecated) .................................................................72 4.1.1.1.1.1 t left ...............................................................................72 4.1.1.1.1.2 t right .............................................................................73 4.1.1.1.1.3 t center ...........................................................................74 4.1.2 t Paragraph (<p>) Element wb‡q Av‡jvPbv ...........................................................75 4.1.2.1 t.Paragraph Bwj‡g›U G A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi ..............................................76 4.1.2.1.1 t align A¨vwUªweDU (Deprecated) ..................................................76 4.1.2.1.1.1 t left ...............................................................................77 4.1.2.1.1.2 t right .............................................................................78 4.1.2.1.1.3 t center ...........................................................................79 4.1.2.1.1.4 t justify ..........................................................................80 4.1.2.1.2 t style A¨vwUªweDU ...........................................................................81 4.1.2.1.3 t dir A¨vwUªweDU .............................................................................85 4.1.2.1.3.1 t ltr .................................................................................85 4.1.2.1.3.2 t rtl .................................................................................86 4.1.3 t bb †eªwKs †¯úm (&nbsp;) Gi e¨envi ....................................................................87 4.1.4 t jvBb †eªK (<br />) Element wb‡q Av‡jvPbv ...........................................................89 4.1.5 t Preformatted (<pre>) Element wb‡q Av‡jvPbv ...................................................92 4.1.6 t Font (<font>) Element wb‡q Av‡jvPbv (Deprecated).........................................93 4.1.6.1 t.Font Bwj‡g›U G A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi ........................................................93 4.1.6.1.1 t color A¨vwUªweDU (Deprecated)..................................................93 4.1.6.1.2 t face A¨vwUªweDU (Deprecated) ...................................................96 4.1.6.1.3 t size A¨vwUªweDU (Deprecated) ...................................................974.2 t HTML Presentational Elements ...............................................................................97 11

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 4.2.1 t Bold <b> Element .......................................................................................100 4.2.2 t Italic <i> Element ........................................................................................100 4.2.3 t Underline <u> Element ...............................................................................101 4.2.4 t Center <center> Element (Deprecated)......................................................102 4.2.5 t <s> Ges <strike> (Deprecated) Elements ..................................................104 4.2.6 t <tt> Element (Deprecated)..........................................................................105 4.2.7 t <sup> Element ............................................................................................106 4.2.8 t <sub> Element ............................................................................................107 4.2.9 t <big> Element (Deprecated).......................................................................108 4.2.10 t <small> Element ........................................................................................109 4.2.11 t <hr> Element .............................................................................................110 4.2.11.1 t align A¨vwUªweDU (Deprecated)............................................................111 4.2.11.2 t width A¨vwUªweDU (Deprecated) .........................................................112 4.2.11.3 t noshade A¨vwUªweDU (Deprecated).......................................................112 4.2.11.4 t size A¨vwUªweDU (Deprecated).............................................................1184.3 t HTML Phrase Elements ..........................................................................................119 4.3.1 t <em> Element ..............................................................................................121 4.3.2 t <strong> Element ........................................................................................121 4.3.3 t <address> Element ......................................................................................122 4.3.4 t <abbr> Element ...........................................................................................122 4.3.4.1 t title A¨vwUªweDU......................................................................................124 4.3.5 t <acronym> Element (Deprecated).............................................................124 4.3.5.1 t title A¨vwUªweDU .....................................................................................126 4.3.6 t <dfn> Element ............................................................................................128 4.3.7 t <blockquote> Element ................................................................................129 4.3.7.1 t cite A¨vwUªweDU ......................................................................................131 4.3.8 t <q > Element ...............................................................................................132 4.3.9 t <cite > Element ...........................................................................................133 4.3.10 t <code> Element .........................................................................................134 4.3.11 t <kbd> Element ..........................................................................................135 4.3.12 t <var> Element ...........................................................................................136 4.3.13 t <samp> Element ........................................................................................1374.4 t Editing Text Elements ............................................................................................138 4.4.1 t <ins> Bwj‡g›U ................................................................................................138 4.4.1.1 t title A¨vwUªweDU .....................................................................................140 4.4.1.2 t cite A¨vwUªweDU ......................................................................................141 4.4.1.3 t datetime A¨vwUªweDU ..............................................................................142 4.4.2 t <del> Bwj‡g›U ................................................................................................143 4.4.2.1 t title A¨vwUªweDU .....................................................................................145 12

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 4.4.2.2 t cite A¨vwUªweDU ......................................................................................146 4.4.2.3 t datetime A¨vwUªweDU .............................................................................147Aa¨vq-5 t GBPwUGgGj wj÷ ............................................................................................1515.1 t List <li> Bwj‡g›U .......................................................................................................1525.2 t Ordered List (ol) Bwj‡g›U ..........................................................................................152 5.2.1 t type A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi .................................................................................154 5.2.2 t start A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi .................................................................................1605.3 t Unordered List (ul) Bwj‡g›U ......................................................................................166 5.3.1 t type A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi .................................................................................1385.4 t Directory List (dir) Bwj‡g›U ......................................................................................1725.5 t Menu List (menu) Bwj‡g›U ........................................................................................1735.6 t Definition List (<dl>,<dt> & <dd>) Bwj‡g›U ............................................................1755.7 t Nesting Lists ...........................................................................................................177Aa¨vq-6 t GBPwUGgGj wjsK ...........................................................................................1876.1 t <a> Bwj‡g›U ...............................................................................................................188 6.1.1 t href A¨vwUªweDU .................................................................................................188 6.1.2 t style A¨vwUªweDU ...............................................................................................204 6.1.3 t name A¨vwUªweDU ..............................................................................................206 6.1.4t target A¨vwUªweDU ...............................................................................................212 6.1.4.1 t _blank f¨vwjD Gi e¨envi ......................................................................213 6.1.5t tabindex A¨vwUªweDU ..........................................................................................217 6.1.6 t accesskey A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi ........................................................................2196.2 t <link /> Bwj‡g›U ........................................................................................................2196.3 t <nav> Bwj‡g›U ...........................................................................................................219Aa¨vq-7 t GBPwUGgGj B‡gR ..........................................................................................2227.1 t <img /> Bwj‡g›U ........................................................................................................223 7.1.1 t src A¨vwUªweDU ..................................................................................................227 7.1.2 t alt A¨vwUªweDU ...................................................................................................227 7.1.3 t height A¨vwUªweDU .............................................................................................229 7.1.4 t width A¨vwUªweDU ..............................................................................................231 7.1.5 t border A¨vwUªweDU (Deprecated)......................................................................233 7.1.6 t hspace A¨vwUªweDU (Deprecated).....................................................................233 7.1.7 t vspace A¨vwUªweDU (Deprecated)......................................................................2347.2 t <figure> Bwj‡g›U .......................................................................................................2357.3 t <figcaption> Bwj‡g›U ................................................................................................237Aa¨vq-8 t GBPwUGgGj B‡gR ..........................................................................................2398.1 t <table> Bwj‡g›U .........................................................................................................240 8.1.1 t border A¨vwUªweDU (Deprecated)......................................................................242 13

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 8.1.2 t cellpadding A¨vwUªweDU (Deprecated)..............................................................243 8.1.3 t cellspacing A¨vwUªweDU(Deprecated)...............................................................245 8.1.4 t width A¨vwUªweDU(Deprecated)........................................................................246 8.1.5 t align A¨vwUªweDU ...............................................................................................249 8.1.5.1 t left ....................................................................................................249 8.1.5.2 t center ................................................................................................251 8.1.5.3 t right ..................................................................................................252 8.1.6 t bgcolor A¨vwUªweDU ...........................................................................................2538.2 t <tr> Bwj‡g›U ..............................................................................................................255 8.2.1 t align A¨vwUªweDU (Deprecated).........................................................................257 8.2.2 t bgcolor A¨vwUªweDU (Deprecated)....................................................................2598.3 t <td> Bwj‡g›U .............................................................................................................261 8.3.1 t align A¨vwUªweDU (Deprecated)........................................................................264 8.3.2 t bgcolor A¨vwUªweDU (Deprecated)....................................................................265 8.3.3 t colspan A¨vwUªweDU ..........................................................................................267 8.3.4 t rowspan A¨vwUªweDU .........................................................................................2698.4 t <th> Bwj‡g›U .............................................................................................................271Aa¨vq-9 t GBPwUGgGj dg© ..............................................................................................2769.1 t <form> Bwj‡g›U .........................................................................................................275 9.1.1 t action A¨vwUªweDU ............................................................................................278 9.1.2 t method A¨vwUªweDU ...........................................................................................280 9.1.3 t target A¨vwUªweDU .............................................................................................2829.2 t <input> Bwj‡g›U ........................................................................................................284 9.2.1 t type A¨vwUªweDU ................................................................................................284 9.2.1.1 t text f¨vwjD Gi e¨envi ...........................................................................284 9.2.1.1.1 t size A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi ...........................................................286 9.2.1.1.2 t value A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi ........................................................287 9.2.1.2 t password f¨vwjD Gi e¨envi .................................................................288 9.2.1.2.1 t size A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi ...........................................................289 9.2.1.2.2 t value A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi ........................................................290 9.2.1.3 t checkbox f¨vwjD Gi e¨envi .................................................................290 9.2.1.3.1 t value A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi ........................................................290 9.2.1.4 t radio f¨vwjD Gi e¨envi ........................................................................292 9.2.1.4.1 t name A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi ........................................................293 9.2.1.4.2 t value A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi ........................................................294 9.2.1.5 t file f¨vwjD Gi e¨envi ...........................................................................296 9.2.1.6 t reset f¨vwjD Gi e¨envi .........................................................................296 14

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 9.2.1.6.1 t value A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi ........................................................297 9.2.1.7 t submit f¨vwjD Gi e¨envi ......................................................................297 9.2.1.7.1 t value A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi ........................................................299 9.2.2 t <label> Bwj‡g›U .............................................................................................300 9.2.2.1 t for A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi ........................................................................302 9.2.3 t <select> Bwj‡g›U ............................................................................................302 9.2.3.1 t multiple A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi ...............................................................303 9.2.4 t <option> Bwj‡g›U ...........................................................................................305 9.2.4.1 t disabled A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi ...............................................................307Aa¨vq-10 t GBPwUGgGj Kvjvi .......................................................................................31010.1 t GBPwUGgGj Kvjvi .....................................................................................................31110.2 t Kvjvi Gi e¨envi ........................................................................................................311 10.2.1 t Color name (Kvjvi Gi bvg) e¨envi K‡i : ........................................................311 10.2.2 t t RGB Code e¨envi K‡i ...............................................................................311 10.2.3 t Hex (Hexadecimal) †KvW e¨envi K‡i t ..........................................................312Aa¨vq-11 t GBPwUGgGj GbwUwU (Entities) ...................................................................31511.1 t GBPwUGgGj GbwUwU (Entities) ....................................................................................316 11.1.1 t GbwUwU Gi e¨envi ............................................................................................316Aa¨vq-12 t GBPwUGgGj wgwWqv (Media) ......................................................................32012.1 t <audio> Bwj‡g›U ......................................................................................................321 12.1.1 t src A¨vwUªweDU ................................................................................................321 12.1.2 t controls A¨vwUªweDU .......................................................................................322 12.1.3 t loop A¨vwUªweDU .............................................................................................324 12.1.4 t autoplay A¨vwUªweDU ......................................................................................32512.2 t <video> Bwj‡g›U ......................................................................................................326 12.2.1 t src A¨vwUªweDU ...............................................................................................327 12.2.2 t controls A¨vwUªweDU ........................................................................................327 12.2.3 t loop A¨vwUªweDU ..............................................................................................329 12.2.4 t autoplay A¨vwUªweDU .......................................................................................331 12.2.5 t width A¨vwUªweDU ............................................................................................332 12.2.6 t height A¨vwUªweDU ...........................................................................................333 12.2.7 t muted A¨vwUªweDU ...........................................................................................334 12.2.8 t poster A¨vwUªweDU ...........................................................................................33512.3 t <source> Bwj‡g›U ....................................................................................................336 12.3.1 t <src> A¨vwUªweDU ............................................................................................336 12.3.2 t <type> A¨vwUªweDU .........................................................................................337Aa¨vq-13 t GBPwUGgGj M“Ö wcs(Grouping)..................................................................340 15

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-1513.1 t <div> Bwj‡g›U ..........................................................................................................341 13.1.1 t align A¨vwUªweDU .............................................................................................341 13.1.2 t id A¨vwUªweDU ..................................................................................................344 13.1.3 t class A¨vwUªweDU .............................................................................................34713.2 t <span> Bwj‡g›U .......................................................................................................348 13.2.1 t class A¨vwUªweDU .............................................................................................348Aa¨vq-14 t GBPwUGgGj †nW (Head) ............................................................................34914.1 t <head> Bwj‡g›U .......................................................................................................35114.2 t <title> Bwj‡g›U .........................................................................................................35114.3 t <meta> Bwj‡g›U .......................................................................................................352 14.3.1 t name A¨vwUªweDU ............................................................................................352 14.3.2 t content A¨vwUªweDU .........................................................................................35414.4 t <style> Bwj‡g›U .......................................................................................................355 14.4.1 t type A¨vwUªweDU ..............................................................................................356Aa¨vq-15 t GBPwUGgGj cÖ‡R± (cÖ‡R±) ...........................................................................35815.1 t Project-1 (Two Column Layout with a Header and a Footer) ..............................35915.2 t Project-2 (Three Column Layout with Header, Navigation bar and Footer) ........36115.3 t Project-3 (Creating a Index Page) .........................................................................36415.4 t Project-4 (Creating a Page using List) ..................................................................36715.5 t Project-5 (Use of Images in Table in a Page) .......................................................37415.6 t Project-6 (Uses of Images and Paragraph in Table in a Page) .............................37815.7 t Project-7 (Creating a Registration Page) ..............................................................38215.8 t Project-8 (Creating a Login Page) ........................................................................38515.9 t Project-9 (Creating a Full Website) ......................................................................388 Aa¨vq-1 16

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 GBPwUGgGj (HTML) wb‡q cÖv_wgK Av‡jvPbv17

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-151.1 t GBPwUGgGj (HTML) Kx tnvBcvi‡U·U gvK©Avc j¨vs¸‡qR (HyperText Markup Language) Gi msw¶ß iƒc n‡‛Q GBPwUGgGj(HTML)| GwU †Kvb †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR bq, GwU g~jZ GKwU gvK©Avc j¨vs¸‡qR|  Hyper : AwZ ciy ‡bv (HTML •Zwii c‡~ e©) Kw¤úDUvi ¸‡jv‡Z †Kvb †jLv‡K we‡klfv‡e cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ †jLvi wb‡P †iLv Uvbv nZ| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b ïay †iLvB bq, \"Hyper\" Gi gva¨‡g e¨enviKvixiv GLb Ab¨ †Kvb I‡qe‡cBR G cÖ‡ek Ki‡ZI m¶g n‡‛Q| Text:Text ej‡Z gj~ Z Avgiv hv co‡Z cvwi| GwU †Kvb kã ev k‡ãi mgwó‡K eSy vq| Markup:I‡qe‡c‡Ri MVb wba©viY/cÖ‡qvRbxq cwieZ©b mvab Ki‡Z e¨eüZ c×wZB n‡‛Q Markup.†hgb:mvaviYZ †Kvb †U·U‡K wjsK Kivi Rb¨ <a> U¨vM e¨eüZ nq|  Language:G‡¶‡Î j¨vs¸‡qR ej‡Z Kw¤úDUv‡ii Rb¨ e¨eüZ wewfbœ j¨vs¸‡qR‡K eSy v‡bv n‡q _v‡K| †hgb : HTML (Markup Language), XML (Markup Language), PHP (Programming Language) BZ¨vw`|gvK©Avc j¨vs¸‡qR gj~ Z ce~ © wba©vwiZ wKQz †KvW ev U¨vM Gi mgwó, hv †Kvb GKwU I‡qe‡c‡Ri evwn¨K MVbwbY©vq‡b e¨eüZ nq| I‡qe‡c‡Ri Kb‡U›U‡K (†U·U,AwWD,wfwWI BZ¨vw`) eªvDRv‡i cÖ`k©b Kiv‡bvi Rb¨HTML j¨vs¸‡qR e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| wPÎ : 1.1.1 (HTML j¨vs¸‡qR)|1.2 t HTML j¨vs¸‡qR wKfv‡e KvR K‡i†Kvb wfwRUi hLb I‡qe mvf©v‡ii wbKU †Kvb GBPwUGgGj dvBj Gi Rb¨ wi‡Kv‡q÷ cvVvq, I‡qe mvf©vi ZLbwfwRUi Gi Kw¤úDUv‡i ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) †U·UGi GK `xN© w÷ªs cvVvq Ges wfwRUi Gi eªvDRvi ZLb GwU‡K I‡qe‡cR AvKv‡i cÖ`k©b K‡i| eªvDRv‡i cÖ`wk©ZI‡qe‡cR Gi MVb wKiƒc n‡e, †U·Umgn~ wKfv‡e cÖ`wk©Z n‡e BZ¨vw` welq wbf©i K‡i GBPwUGgGj dvBj/†cRG e¨eüZ wewfbœ U¨vM Gi Dci| G eB‡qi cieZ©x‡Z Avgiv U¨vM wb‡q we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev| 18

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 1.2.1 (I‡qe mvf©v‡ii wbKU cvVv‡bv wfwRUi Gi wi‡Kv‡q÷)|1.3 t GBPwUGgGj j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri cÖ‡qvRbxqZvI‡qe‡cR •Zwi‡Z HTML j¨vs¸‡qR wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| HTML e¨vwZZ †Kvb I‡qemvBU•Zwi/wWRvBb/†W‡fjc Kiv m¤¢e bq| hw`I HTML †Kvb cwicY~ © j¨vs¸‡qR bq| HTML e¨envi K‡i †Kej÷¨vwUK I‡qemvBU •Zwi Kiv hvq| wb‡P HTML G •Zwi GKwU I‡qe‡cR Gi wPÎ †`Lv‡bv nj t wPÎ : 1.3.1 (GBPwUGgGj e¨envi K‡i I‡qe‡cBR •Zwi Kiv)|D³ †c‡R wewfbœ ÷vBj cÖ‡qvM K‡i cwicY~ ©Zv Avbvi Rb¨ CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) e¨envi KivAvek¨K| CSS m¤ú‡K© cwic~Y© Ávb AR©b Kivi Rb¨ †jL‡Ki ÔÔwmGmGm (3) A¨vÛ wWfÕÕ eBwU msMÖn K‡i wb‡Zcv‡ib| ZvQvov wewfbœ gvwëwgwWqv, d¬¨vk, A¨vwc- ‡Kkb Z_vwc I‡qemvBU‡K WvBbvwgK Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ†cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR (PHP, JAVA, JavaScript BZ¨vw`) e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ c~‡e©B ejv n‡q‡Q †h,I‡qe‡c‡Ri Kb‡U›U‡K (†U·U, AwWD, wfwWI BZ¨vw`) eªvDRv‡i cÖ`k©b Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ HTML j¨vs¸‡qR e¨eüZn‡q _v‡K| Zvn‡j wPš—v K‡i †`Lby †h, Avcbvi I‡qemvB‡U hZB ÷vBj e¨envi Kiv †nvK, Avi †cÖvMÖvwgs e¨enviK‡i hZB WvBbvwgK Kivi †Póv Kiv †nvK bv †Kb, I‡qemvB‡Ui Kb‡U›U B hw` cÖ`wk©Z bv nq - Zvn‡j meBe„_v| mZy ivs ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, `vjvb •Zwi‡Z †hgb BU, wm‡g›U e¨envi Acwinvh©, wVK †Zgwb I‡qemvBU •Zwi‡ZHTML. 19

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-151.4 t K¨vwiqvi wn‡m‡e HTML j¨vs¸‡qReZ©gvb we‡k¦ Web Design/Development Gi Pvwn`v w`b w`b †e‡oB Pj‡Q| Avi I‡qe wWRvBwbs‡qi Rb¨Acwinvh© j¨vs¸‡qR n‡‛Q HTML. †jvKvj gv‡K©U‡c- m¸‡jv‡Z i‡q‡Q Gi e¨vcK Pvwn`v| cÖwZwU e¨emvcÖwZôvb/†Kv¤úvbx AvR wek¦e¨vcx Zv‡`i e¨emv cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ I‡qemvBU •Zwii w`‡K SKz w`‡‛Q| Avi ZviBmv‡_ evo‡Q HTML Gi Pvwn`v| ZvQvov ïagy vÎ HTML Gi Dci AbjvB‡b i‡q‡Q AmsL¨ KvR| HTML GiDci `¶ n‡q AvR AbjvBb Gi gva¨‡g N‡i e‡mB nvRvi nvRvi Wjvi BbKvg Kiv m¤¢e| AbjvB‡b Av‡qi c_‡KAviI mnR fv‡e †bqvi Rb¨ †jL‡Ki ÔÔB›Uvi‡b‡U AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb (fvm©b-1)ÕÕ I ÔÔB›Uvi‡b‡U AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb(fvm©b-2)ÕÕ eB `ywU msMÖn K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib|weMxwbs Rygjv A¨vWfvÝW Rgy jv cÖ‡dkbvj Rgy jv Rygjv †U¤ú‡jU †gwKsweMxwbs IqvW©‡cÖm A¨vWfvÝW IqvW©‡cÖm cÖ‡dkbvj IqvW©‡cÖm B›Uvi‡b‡UAvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb-1 B›Uvi‡b‡U AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb-2 B-Kgvm© A¨vÛ Rgy jv!fvPz©gvU© B-Kgvm© g¨v‡µvwgwWqv wWªgI‡qfvi mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡RkbA¨vWfvÝW mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkb cÖ‡dkbvj mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkbd‡i· †UªwWs B-gv‡K©wUs A¨vWfvÝW GBPwUGgGj wcGBPwc A¨vÛ gvBGmwKDGj A¨vWfvÝW wcGBPwc A¨vÛ gvB GmwKDGj Ae‡R± Awi‡q‡›UWwc.GBP.wc †WUv‡eBR gvB GmwKDGj wm †cÖvMÖvwgs Rvfv †cÖvMÖvwgsRvfvw¯ŒÞ A¨vWfvÝW d‡Uvkc A¨vWfvÝW Bjv‡÷ªUi cÖ‡dkbvj MÖvwd·wWRvBb cÖ‡dkbvj Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvwK©s I‡W¯‹ Ges AvD‡mvwm©sA¨vwdwj‡qU gv‡K©wUs 20

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 21

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 Aa¨vq-2 HTML e¨vwmK2.1 t HTML U¨vM (Tag) 22

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15I‡qe‡cR Gi Kb‡U›U‡K eªvDRv‡i cÖ`k©b Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡Yi U¨vM e¨envi n‡q _v‡K| GBPwUGgGj U¨vM¸‡jv A‡bKUv BDRvi †d«Ûjx| BDRvi †d«Ûjx ej‡Z HTML U¨vM ¸‡jv AvqË Kiv Ab¨vb¨ †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qRGi g‡Zv †Zgb Kómva¨ bq| eªvDRvi HTML G e¨eüZ U¨vM Gi Dci wfwË K‡i Kb‡U›U‡K cÖ`wk©Z K‡i| †hgb: †jLv‡K †evì Kivi Rb¨ b U¨vM, AvÛvijvBb Kivi Rb¨ u U¨vM e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ cÖkœ n‡‛Q, Zvn‡jmvaviY †U·U Ges U¨vM Gi g‡a¨ cv_©¨K¨ wK ? HTML U¨vM †jLvi g~jZ wKQz wbqg i‡q‡Q|2.1.1 t HTML U¨vM †jLvi wbqg cÖwZwU HTML U¨vM < (less than Sign) w`‡q ïi‚ Ki‡Z nq| Gici U¨vM Gi bvg D‡j- L Ki‡Z nq| Ges me‡k‡l > (greater than Sign) w`‡q U¨vM †kl Ki‡Z nq| †hgb t <a>, <b>, <img />, <code> BZ¨vw`|Note : HTML U¨vM ¸‡jv †Km †mbwmwUf bq, Z‡e W3C ÷¨vÛvW© Abhy vqx †QvU A¶‡i †jLv fvj|HTML G †Kvb †U·U‡K wewfbœ U¨vM Gi gva¨‡g †jLvi mgq cÖwZwU U¨vM‡K `By evi K‡i e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|G¸‡jv nj t2.1.2 t I‡cwbs U¨vM (Opening Tags)†U·U ïi‚ Kivi Av‡M I‡cwbs U¨vM wW‡K¬qvi Ki‡Z nq| I‡cwbs U¨vM †jLvi wbqg t <Tag>2.1.3 t †Kv¬ wRs U¨vM (Closing Tags)†U·U †kl nIqvi ci †K¬vwRs U¨vM wW‡K¬qvi Ki‡Z nq| †K¬vwRs U¨vM †jLvi wbqg n‡‛Q U¨vM Gi bv‡gi c‡~ e© /less than mvBb Gi c‡i GKwU d«›U ¯- ¨vk \"/\" e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| A_©vr t </Tag>| wb‡P I‡cwbs Ges †K¬vwRsGi D`vniY †`Iqv nj t <Opening Tag> Here is Your Text </Closing Tag> <p> This line would be written under Paragraph style </p>2.1.4 t HTML G¤úwU U¨vM (Empty Tags)HTML G †ek wKQz U¨vM i‡q‡Q, †h¸‡jv †Kvb †U·U‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i bv| we‡kl wKQz Kv‡R G‡`i e¨envi n‡q_v‡K| †hgb t <br>, <hr>, <img>, <input> BZ¨vw`| GB U¨vM ¸‡jv‡K G¤úwU U¨vM (Empty Tags) ejvn‡q _v‡K| GB U¨vM¸‡jvi †Kvb †K¬vwRs U¨vM †bB| Z‡e W3C ÷¨vÛvW© Abyhvqx GmKj G¤úwU U¨vM¸‡jv‡KI†K¬vR Kiv DwPZ| GRb¨ U¨vM Gi bv‡gi †k‡l Ges greather than mvBb Gi c~‡e© GKwU †¯úm ( ) Ges GKwUd«›U ¯- ¨vk \"/\" e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| A_©vr t <br />, <hr />2.2 t HTML †WwcÖ‡K‡UW U¨vM (Deprecated Tags) I A¨vwUªweDU (Attributes)GBPwUGgGj Gi c~‡e©i fvm©b¸‡jv‡Z (HTML 4.01 Gi c‡~ e©) e¨eüZ wKQz U¨vM I A¨vwUªweDU HTML 4.01fvm©‡b †WwcÖ‡K‡UW (Abb‡y gvw`Z) †Nvlbv Kiv nq| †WwcÖ‡K‡UW gv‡b GB bq †h, GwU KvR Ki‡e bv !! Z‡e,†cBR f¨vwj‡Wk‡b GwU mgm¨v n‡q `vov‡e| wewfbœ †WwcÖ‡K‡UW U¨vM Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q - <big>, <center>,<font>, <franme>, <strike> BZ¨vw`|2.3 t HTML A¨vwUªweDU (Attributes) I f¨vwjD (Value) 23

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15HTML U¨vM G e¨eüZ welqmg‡~ ni wewfbœ cwieZ©b mvab, wewfbœ Avw½‡K Dc¯’vcb Kiv, mywbw`©ófv‡e cÖKvkKivi Rb¨ U¨vM Gi g‡a¨ wewfbœ A¨vwUªweDU e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRb n‡q _v‡K| Avi GmKj A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi/KvR‡K mwy bw`©ó Ki‡Z, G‡Z wewfbœ f¨vwjD e¨eüZ nq| †hgb t <p> U¨vM e¨envi K‡i hLb †Kvb †U·U †jLvnq, ZLb ¯^vfvweK wbq‡g GwU eªvDRvi G evg w`K †_‡K ïi‚ nq| GLb Avwg hw` GB †U·U‡K eªvDRvi Gi Wvbw`K †_‡K ïi‚ Ki‡Z PvB, A_v©r Wvb w`K †_‡K cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z PvB-Z‡e <p> U¨vM G wb‡Pi g‡Zv A¨vwUªweDU If¨vwjD e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|<p dir=\"rtl\"> This line will be shown as right to left in browser </p>GLv‡b <p> n‡‛Q U¨vM, dir n‡‛Q D³ <p> U¨vM Gi A¨vwUªweDU Ges rtl n‡‛Q dir A¨vwUªweDU G e¨eüZ f¨vwjD|Note : mKj U¨v‡M A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi nq bv| Avevi mKj U¨vMI me ai‡Yi A¨vwUªweDU mv‡cvU© K‡i bv| AvgivcieZ©x Aa¨vq¸‡jv‡Z G m¤ú‡K© we¯—vwiZ Rvb‡ev|2.3.1 t A¨vwUªweDU †jLvi wbqgHTML G A¨vwUªweDU †jLvi wbqg n‡‛Q-I‡cwbs U¨vM Gi g‡a¨ U¨vM Gi bvg Gi ci GKwU †¯úm e¨envi K‡iA¨vwUªweDU D‡j- L Ki‡Z nq| <Tag_name Attribute_name2.3.2 t f¨vwjD †mU Kivi wbqgA¨vwUªweDU Gi f¨vwjD †mU Kivi Rb¨ A¨vwUªweDU Gi bv‡gi c‡i GKwU BKzqvj mvBb, Zvici †Kv‡Ukb Gi g‡a¨f¨vwjD wjL‡Z nq| = \"Value\"wb‡P A¨vwUªweDU I f¨vwjD e¨envi K‡i U¨vM wj‡L †`Lv‡bv nj t <a href=\"http://www.bookbd.info\"> BookBD </a> A¨vwUªweDU f¨vwjD <link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"theme.css\" /> Attr Val Attr Val Attr ValNote : f¨vwjD A¨vmvBb Kivi mgq †Kv‡Ukb e¨envi Kiv Avek¨K| wms‡Mj Ges Wvej †Kv‡Ukb - Dfq c×wZBe¨envi Kiv hv‡e|2.3.3 t HTML Gi cÖavb A¨vwUªweDU mg~nHTML G D‡j- L‡hvM¨ wKQz A¨vwUªweDU i‡q‡Q, †h¸‡jv cÖvq me ai‡Yi U¨vM Gi mv‡_ e¨envi‡hvM¨| G¸‡jv njt id, class, title Ges style| 24

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-152.3.3.1 t id HTML †c‡Ri †Kvb U¨vM‡K wbw`©ófv‡e mbv³ Kivi Rb¨ id A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi Kiv n‡q_v‡K| HTML †cR‡K hLb †Kvb CSS A_ev JavaScript dvB‡ji mv‡_ wjsK Kiv nq, ZLb HTML GiU¨vM‡K id A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi Gi gva¨‡g D³ CSS A_ev JavaScript dvBj h_vh_ KvR m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K|†hgb t-HTML dvB‡j id attribute Gi e¨envi CSS dvB‡j id (#) e¨enviK‡i U¨vM mbv³ Kiv<div id=\"attribute\"> div#attribute2.3.3.2 t class HTML †c‡Ri g‡a¨ GKB iK‡gi wewfbœ U¨vM‡K Avjv`v-Avjv`vfv‡e mbv³ Kivi Rb¨ class A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †hgb t †Kvb GKwU HTML †c‡Ri g‡a¨ 4wU <p> U¨vM i‡q‡Q| GLb Avwg hw` GB 4wU <p> U¨vM‡K Avjv`v-Avjv`vfv‡e mbv³ Ki‡Z PvB, Z‡e class Attribute Gi gva¨‡g msÁvwqZ Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb tHTML dvB‡j class attribute Gi e¨envi CSS dvB‡j class (.) e¨envi K‡i U¨vM mbv³ Kiv<p class=\"attr1\"> p.attr1<p class=\"attr2\"> p.attr2<p class=\"attr3\"> p.attr3<p class=\"attr4\"> p.attr4Note : HTML id Ges class A¨vwUªweDU Gi f¨vwjD Ô†Km-†mbwmwUfÕ| f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e †h †Kvb bvg n‡Z cv‡i,†mB gvb a‡i CSS A_ev JavaScript cÖ‡qvRbxq KvR m¤úv`b Ki‡e| f¨vwjD Aek¨B †jUvi w`‡q ïi‚ n‡Zn‡e Ges cieZ©x‡Z bv¤^vi (0-9), nvB‡db (-), AvÛvi‡¯‹vi ( _ ), Kgv (.) e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|2.3.3.3 t title HTML †c‡Ri †Kvb Bwj‡g›U‡K (Bwj‡g›U wb‡q cieZ©x Aa¨vq¸‡jv‡Z we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q) eªvDRv‡i wb‡`©k Kivi Rb¨ title A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| title A¨vwUªweDU mvaviYZ <a>, <area>, <img>, <link>, <abbr>, <acronym> U¨vM¸‡jv‡Z †ewk e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| eB‡qi cieZ©x Aa¨vq¸‡jv‡Z title A¨vwUªweDU Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| 25

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-152.3.3.4 t style HTML †c‡R GK jvBb wewkó †Kvb Bwj‡g‡›U ÷vBj (Inline CSS) cÖ‡qvM Kivi Rb¨style A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †hgb t-wb‡Pi <p> U¨v‡M ÷vBj A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi K‡i Gi d›U IKvjvi cwieZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q|<p style=\"font-family:arial; color:#FF0000;\"> Some text. </p>2.4 t Kb‡U›U (Contents)I‡qe‡c‡R Avgiv hv †`L‡Z cvB, (†U·U, B‡gR, AwWD, wfwWD BZ¨vw`) me wKQBz Kb‡U›U| D`vniY¯^iƒc tAvgiv hw` I‡qe‡cR‡K GKwU Kb‡UBbvi Gi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kwi †h, GKwU Kb‡UBbvi Gi g‡a¨ wK _v‡K ? Pvj,Wvj, cvwb BZ¨vw`| Kb‡UBbvi Gme wKQz aviY (contain) K‡i| Avi aviYKZ… Pvj, Wvj, cvwb n‡‛Q D³Kb‡UBbvi Gi Kb‡U›U (Contents)| wVK †Zgwb, GLv‡b Kb‡UBbvi n‡‛Q Avgv‡`i I‡qe‡cR Avi Kb‡UBbvi Gig‡a¨ _vKv Pvj,Wvj, cvwb BZ¨vw` hveZxq Kb‡U›U n‡‛Q I‡qe‡c‡R e¨eüZ †U·U, B‡gR, AwWD, wfwWD BZ¨vw`| wPÎ : 2.4.1 (I‡qe‡cR Gi Kb‡U›U mgn~ )|2.5 t HTML G·‡Ubkb (Extension)Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨eüZ cÖwZwU dvBj, wewfbœ †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR Gi wbR¯^ G·‡Ubkb/dig¨vU i‡q‡Q| G·‡Ubkbej‡Z GKwU dvBj †h bv‡g †mf Kiv n‡q _v‡K, Zv‡K eSy vq| †hgb t-wewfbœ wfwWI dvB‡ji G·‡Ubkb t\".avi, .vod. .dat, .mp4\" BZ¨vw` n‡q _v‡K| wewfbœ AwWI dig¨v‡Ui Mvb Gi G·‡Ubkb t \".mp3, .amr,.wav\" BZ¨vw` n‡q _v‡K| Avevi wewfbœ †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR †hgb t-wcGBPwcÔi G·‡Ubkb n‡‛Q \".php\",JavaScript †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR Gi G·‡Ubkb n‡‛Q \".js\"| wVK †Zgwb HTML j¨vs¸‡qR Gi G·‡Ubkbn‡‛Q \".html\"| G·‡Ubkb e¨vwZZ A_ev G·‡Ubkb cwieZ©b n‡j †Kvb fv‡eB D³ dvBj KvR Ki‡e bv| †hgbt †Kvb AwWI dvB‡ji G·‡Ubkb cwieZ©b K‡i hw` B‡gR dig¨vU dvB‡ji G·‡Ubkb \".jpg, .gif, .png\" †`qvnq, Zvn‡j †hgb D³ AwWI dvBj KvR Ki‡e bv, wVK †Zgwb HTML Gi G·‡Ubkb cwieZ©b K‡i hw` \".php\"ivLv nq, Zvn‡j GwU I KvR Ki‡e bv| myZivs G·‡Ubkb AwZ ¸i‚Z¡cY~ © welq| 26

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-152.6 t HTML GwWUiGBPwUGgGj †KvW wjLvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i GKwU †U·U GwWUi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e, †hgb - Notepad, Notepad ++,Text Editor BZ¨vw`| GQvov, eZ©gv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi IDE (Integrated Development Environment)Software †hgb:- (Macromedia Dreamweaver, Adobe Dreamweaver BZ¨vw`) i‡q‡Q, †h¸‡jve¨envi K‡i mnR I ¯^í mg‡q †cÖvMÖvg †jLv hvq| g¨v‡µvwgwWqv wWªgI‡qfvi e¨envi K‡i Abvqv‡mB A‡bKAvKl©bxq I‡qemvBU •Zwi Kiv hvq| g¨v‡µvwgwWqv wWªgI‡qfvi e¨envi K‡i I‡qemvBU •Zwi Kiv wkL‡Z PvB‡j†jL‡Ki †jLv ÔÔg¨v‡µvwgwWqv wWªgI‡qfviÕÕ eBwU msMÖn K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib| wPÎ : 2.6.1 (g¨v‡µvwgwWqv wWªgI‡qfvi) wPÎ : 2.6.2 (Notepad Editor) 27

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-152.7 t HTML dvBj Gi e¨vwmK MVbGBPwUGgGj dvBj Gi GKwU wbR¯^ •ewkó¨/MVb c×wZ i‡q‡Q| †mB MVb/wbqg Abmy v‡i GBPwUGgGj dvBjwjL‡Z nq| Gi evB‡i GBPwUGgGj dvBj KvR Ki‡e bv| wb‡P GKwU GBPwUGgGj dvBj Gi e¨vwmK MVbc×wZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj wPÎ : 2.7.1 (HTML dvBj Gi e¨vwmK MVb)|cÖwZwU HTML dvBj ïi‚ Ki‡Z nq <html> (html Gi I‡cwbs U¨vM) w`‡q, Ges †kl Ki‡Z nq </html>(html Gi †K¬vwRs U¨vM) w`‡q| GB html Gi I‡cwbs Ges †K¬vwRs U¨vM Gi g‡a¨ Avgv‡`i Ab¨vb¨ mg¯— U¨vM,Kb‡U›U _vK‡e| html Gi I‡cwbs Ges †K¬vwRs U¨vM Gi g‡a¨ cÖavb †h `Õy wU †mKkb _vK‡e, G¸‡jv nj t head†mKkb Ges body †mKkb| head †mKkb Gi wfZi †cR m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ Bbdi‡gkb, †cR Gi wk‡ivbvg,wewfbœ w¯ŒÞ, ÷vBj BZ¨vw` welqmg~n †hvM Kiv n‡q _v‡K| head †mKkb‡K body †mKkb ïi‚ nIqvi Av‡MB†K¬vR Ki‡Z n‡e| head †mKkb wb‡q eB‡qi cieZ©x‡Z we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi Avgiv Avgv‡`iI‡qe‡c‡R †h mKj wKQz (†U·U, B‡gR, d¬¨vk BZ¨vw`) †`L‡Z cvB, Zvi meB body †mKkb Gi g‡a¨ D‡j- LKi‡Z nq| GLv‡b Av‡iv GKwU welq j¶¨bxq †h, †h U¨vM mevi Av‡M ïi‚ n‡q‡Q, †mwU mevi c‡i G‡m †kln‡q‡Q| G mKj welq¸‡jv Avgiv eB‡qi cieZ©x‡Z cÖ¨vKwUK¨vjx †`L‡Z cv‡ev|2.8 t HTML G cÖ_g †cÖvMvÖ g †jLvGZ¶b Avgiv GBPwUGgGj Gi Lwuy UbvwU welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| GLb GmKj welq¸‡jv e¨envi K‡iGBPwUGgGj G Avgiv Avgv‡`i cÖ_g †cÖvMÖvg wj‡L Zv eªvDRv‡i ivb K‡i †`L‡ev| Pjyb, Zvn‡j ïi‚ Kiv hvK . .avc-1 t †bvUc¨vW I‡cb KivGRb¨ cÖ_‡g Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii Start †gby¨ †_‡K Run G wK¬K Ki‚b| 28

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 2.8.1 (Start Run G wK¬K Kiv)|A_ev, Kx-†evW© †_‡K (Window evUb + R) †cÖm Ki‚b| wPÎ : 2.8.2 (Kx-†evW© †_‡K Window key + R †cÖm Kiv)|GLb wb‡Pi g‡Zv GKwU WvqvjM e· Avm‡e| wPÎ : 2.8.3 (ivb WvqvjM e·)|Gevi Open Gi cv‡ki †U·U wd‡ì \"notepad\" UvBc Ki‚b Ges Ok evU‡b wK¬K Ki‚b| 29

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 2.8.4 (†U·U wd‡ì notepad UvBc K‡i OK evU‡b wK¬K Kiv)|Zvn‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv GKwU †bvUc¨vW I‡cb n‡e| wPÎ : 2.8.5 (†bvUc¨vW I‡cb nIqv)|avc- 2 t HTML dvB‡j †KvW †jLvGevi AvMZ †bvUc¨v‡W wb‡Pi g‡Zv HTML †KvW/U¨vM wjwL| †cÖvMÖvg bs 1 (p1.html) HTML G cÖ_g †cÖvMÖvg †jLv|<html> <head> <title> This is my first HTML Program ;) </title> </head> <body> Hellow World !! </body></html> 30

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 2.8.6 (Notepad G HTML †KvW †jLv)|avc-3 t dvBj †mf KivGevi dvBjwU‡K Avgiv HTML dig¨v‡U †mf Ki‡ev| GRb¨ cÖ_‡g File †gby¨ †_‡K Save As...G wK¬K Kwi| wPÎ : 2.8.7 (File Save As... G wK¬K Kiv)|cÖ_‡g Save in Gi cv‡ki Wªc-WvDb wj÷ †_‡K Gi †jv‡Kkb, A_©vr dvBjwU †Kv_vq wM‡q msiw¶Z n‡e, ZvwVK K‡i w`B| Gevi dvBjwUi Rb¨ GKwU bvg w`‡Z n‡e Ges bv‡gi †k‡l Aek¨B .html G·‡Ubkb e¨enviKi‡Z n‡e| wb‡Pi g‡Zv File name Gi N‡i Avgv‡`i dvBj Gi Rb¨ GKwU bvg wjwL| 1 2 wPÎ : 2.8.8 (.html G·‡Ubkb e¨envi K‡i html dvBj Gi bvg †jLv)| 31

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15GLv‡b GKwU welq j¶¨bxq †h, HTML dvBj Gi bv‡g †Kvb †nvqvBU †¯úm (\" \") e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv| †nvqvBU†¯úm Gi cwie‡Z© nvB‡db (\"-\") A_ev AvÛvi‡¯‹vi (\"_\") e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|Gevi Save as type wdì n‡Z All Files wm‡j± Ki‚b| wPÎ : 2.8.9 (Save as type Gi cv‡ki Wªc-WvDb wj÷ n‡Z All Files wm‡j± Kiv)|me‡k‡l Save evU‡bv wK¬K K‡i dvBjwU †mf Ki‚b| wPÎ : 2.8.10 (cÖ‡qvRbxq KvR †k‡l Save evU‡b wK¬K Kiv)| 32

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15avc-4 t AvDUcyUGLb Avgiv Avgv‡`i •Zwi Kiv GBPwUGgGj Gi AvDUcUy †`L‡ev| GRb¨ cÖ_‡g Avgiv Avgv‡`i dvBjwU †hwW‡i±ix‡Z †mf K‡iwQ, †mLv‡b P‡j hvB| wPÎ : 2.8.11 (dvBj Gi wW‡i±wi)|Gevi †h dvBjwU wKQz¶b Av‡M †mf K‡i‡Qb, †mwU †Kvb GKwU eªvDRvi w`‡q I‡cb Ki‚b| GRb¨ dvBjwUiDci gvDm Gi Wvb evUb wK¬K Ki‚b| Zvici Open With Ges GLvb †_‡K AvMZ †h †Kvb GKwU eªvDRvi(†hgb t- Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera BZ¨vw`) Gi bv‡gi DciwK¬K Ki‚b, †h¸‡jv Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i Bb÷j Kiv Av‡Q|we t `ªt GBPwUGgGj Gi A‡bK U¨vM, A¨vwUªweDU-eªvDRvi Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i KvR K‡i| G m¤ú‡K© AvgivcieZ©x Aa¨vq ¸‡jv‡Z we¯—vwiZ Rvb‡ev| wPÎ : 2.8.12 (GBPwUGgGj dvBj Gi AvDUcUy †`Lvi Rb¨ eªvDRvi wm‡j± Kiv )|Gevi wb‡Pi g‡Zv Avcbvi •ZwiKZ… GBPwUGgGj dvBj Gi AvDUcyU eªvDRv‡i †`L‡Z cv‡eb| 33

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 2.8.13 (HTML dvBj Gi AvDUcyU)|†KvW we‡k- lY tGLb Avgiv GB HTML dvBj Gi cÖwZwU U¨vM m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev|Avgv‡`i HTML dvBjwU <html> (html Gi I‡cwbs U¨vM) w`‡q ïi‚ n‡q‡Q Ges †kl n‡q‡Q </html>(html Gi †K¬vwRs U¨vM) e¨envi K‡i| A_©vr wbqgvbymv‡i <html> Ges </html> U¨vM Gi wfZi Ab¨vb¨ U¨vMI Kb‡U›U e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q|<html></html><html> Gi ci <head> U¨vM e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| <head> †mKkb Gi wfZi wewfbœ ÷vBj, w¯ŒÞ e¨enviKiv n‡q _v‡K| wbqgvbmy v‡i head †mKkb‡K (<head> </head>) body U¨vM ïi‚ nIqvi Av‡MB †K¬vR Kivn‡q‡Q| head †mKkb wb‡q eB‡qi cieZ©x‡Z we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|<html> <head> </head></html><head> †mKk‡bi wfZi <title> bv‡g GKwU U¨vM e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB U¨vMwU I‡qe‡c‡RiUvB‡Uj/wk‡ivbvg aviY K‡i| UvB‡Uj U¨vM e¨envi K‡i cieZ©x‡Z Avgiv cÖ¨vKwUK¨vjx A‡bK KvR †`L‡ev|<title> This is my first HTML Program ;) </title><html> <head> <title> This is my first HTML Program ;) </title> </head></html>wb‡P eªvDRv‡i UvB‡Uj U¨vM Gi AvDUcyU †`Lv‡bv nj t 34

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 2.8.14 (UvB‡Uj U¨vM Gi AvDUcyU)|Dc‡i wPwýZ RvqMvUKz z Title U¨vM Gi wfZi †jLv, hv eªvDRvi Gi UvB‡Uj As‡k cÖ`wk©Z n‡‛Q|<head> U¨vM †K¬vR Kivi ci Avgiv <body> U¨vM Gi KvR ïi‚ K‡iwQ| Avgiv †Kvb I‡qe‡c‡R hv wKQz†`L‡Z cvB (Kb‡U›U), Zvi me wKQBz GB <body> U¨vM Gi wfZi wjL‡Z nq| †hgb t-Hellow World!!†jLvwU‡K I‡qe‡c‡R cÖ`k©b Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv GwU‡K <body> U¨vM Gi wfZi wW‡K¬qvi wj‡LwQ| I‡qe‡c‡RiGmKj Kb‡U›U‡K wbqš¿b Kivi Rb¨ HTML G A‡bK U¨vM e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Av‡¯— Av‡¯— Avgiv GmKj welq m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev| \"<body> Hellow World !! </body>\"<html> <head> <title> This is my first HTML Program ;) </title> </head> <body> Hellow World !! </body></html> wPÎ : 2.8.15 (<body> U¨vM Gi wfZ‡ii †jLvi AvDUcU)| 35

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-152.9 t Bb‡W‡›Ukb (Indention)†cÖvMÖvg †jLvi mgq wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b duvKv (Avwg GLv‡b PviwU K‡i †¯úm e¨envi K‡iwQ - G KvRwU Avcwb mn‡RKivi Rb¨ Kx-†evW© †_‡K Tab evUb e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib) †i‡L †i‡L †cÖvMÖvwgs‡q †mŠ›`h©/¯úóZv ew„ × KivB n‡‛QIndentation. †hgb t Dc‡ii GBPwUGgGj dvBjwU‡Z Indentation e¨envi K‡i dvBjwU wj‡LwQ| Avwg hw`Bb‡W‡›Ukb e¨envi bvI KiZvg, ZeyI Avgvi dvBjwU KvR Ki‡Zv| wKš‘, Avcwb GKRb fv‡jv I‡qewWRvBbvi/†W‡fjcvi/†cÖvMÖvgvi-Ab¨ †Kvb †cÖvMÖvgvi Gi Kv‡Q Avcbvi `¶Zv Avcwb †cÖvMÖvg wjLvi gva¨‡g cÖKvkKi‡Z cv‡ib| ZvQvov A‡bK mgq †cÖvMÖvwgs‡q Bb‡W‡›Ukb e¨envi bv Kivi Kvi‡b A‡b‡K B›UviwfD †_‡KI ev`c‡o hvq| †h‡Kvb fv‡jv Af¨v‡mi g‡Zv †cÖvMÖvwgs‡q Bb‡W‡›Ukb e¨envi KivUvI mgq mva¨ e¨vcvi| Dc‡ii†cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z Avwg <html> </html> †jLvq †Kvb Bb‡W‡›Ukb e¨envi Kwiwb, KviY html U¨vM GBPwUGgGjdvB‡ji cÖ_g/cÖavb Ask|<html></html>wKš‘, head Ges body †mKkb e¨envi Gi mgq Bb‡W‡›Ukb e¨envi K‡iwQ, KviY G¸‡jv html Gi GK GKwUBwj‡g›U (A_©vr, <html> GLv‡b cÖavb Bwj‡g›U, Avi <head> Ges <body> n‡‛Q <html> Gi Bwj‡g›U)|<html> <head> </head> <body> </body></html>Avevi †nW †mKkb Gi wfZi UvB‡Uj U¨vMwU‡K Avjv`v Bb‡b›Ukb e¨envi K‡i wj‡LwQ| KviY, title n‡‛Q headGi Bwj‡g›U| Bwj‡g›U wb‡q Avgiv eB‡qi cieZ©x‡Z we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|<head> <title> This is my first HTML Program;) </title></head>wVK †Zgwb, <body> </body> Gi wfZ‡ii Hellow World!! †jLvwU‡Z Bb‡W‡›Ukb e¨envi K‡iwQ| KviY,Hellow World!! <body> Gi Kb‡U›U|<body> Hellow World!!</body> 36

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-152.10 t GBPwUGgGj K‡g›U (Comments)K‡g›Um Gi K_v ïb‡j nq‡Zv ev †dmeyK K‡g›U Gi K_v g‡b n‡Z cv‡i| welqwU Avm‡j Zv bv| †dmeKy K‡g›UGi g‡Zv GwU eªvDRv‡i cÖ`wk©Z nq bv| GBPwUGgGj G K‡g›U e¨envi Ki‡eb †Kej Avcbvi eySvi mwy eav‡_©|g‡b Ki‚b, AvR Avcbvi •Zwi Kiv GKwU GBPwUGgGj †cBR/†cÖvMÖvg/WK‡z g›U-AvR †_‡K AvMvgx 6 gvm ciGi wewfbœ †KvW Gi e¨envi bvI eyS‡Z cv‡ib| G‡¶‡Î †KvW Gi cv‡k K‡g›U e¨envi K‡i GB mgm¨v †_‡K gwy ³†c‡Z cv‡ib| ZvQvov A‡bK mgq I‡qe‡cR wWRvBb/†W‡fjc‡g›U Gi †¶‡Î GKvwaK wWRvBbvi/†W‡fjcviGKmv‡_ KvR K‡i _v‡Kb, ZLb Avcbvi †cÖvMÖvgwU Ab¨vb¨ wWRvBbvi Gi eSy vi myweav‡_©I K‡g›U e¨env‡iicÖ‡qvRb n‡q _v‡K|2.10.1 t K‡g›U (Comments) Gi e¨enviGBPwUGgGj G K‡g›U e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ K‡g›U (!--) U¨vM e¨eüZ nq|†h †jLv‡K K‡g›U Gi wfZ‡i ivL‡Z Pvb, Zvi cÖ_‡g \"<!—\" Ges †jLvi †k‡l \"-->\" e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| A_©vr,<!--This is a comment & will not be displayed in the browser -->wb‡P GKwU D`vnib Gi gva¨‡g welqwU m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi nIqv hvK| wPÎ : 2.10.1.1 (†cÖvMÖvg G K‡g›U Gi e¨envi)|†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡i Avgiv This is a comment. The Comment line(s) w...jvBbwU‡K K‡g›U U¨vM Gi wfZ‡i †i‡LwQ,ZvB GwU eªvDRv‡i cÖ`wk©Z n‡e bv| wKš‘ wb‡Pi jvBbwU wVKB eªvDRv‡i cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| GLb †cRwU eªvDRv‡i ivbKiv‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| wPÎ : 2.10.1.2 (†cÖvMÖv‡g K‡g›U e¨envi K‡i Zvi AvDUcyU eªvDRv‡i †`Lv)| 37

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-152.11 t WKz‡g›U UvBc wW‡Kq¬ v‡ikb†Kvb GBPwUGgGj †cB‡R Gi WK‡z g›U UvBc wW‡K¬qvi bv Kiv n‡j eªvDRvi eSy ‡Z cv‡i bv †h, GwU GBPwUGgGjGi †Kvb fvm©‡b •Zwi| †m‡¶‡Î GBPwUGgGj msµvš— wewfbœ Z_¨B eªvDRvi Gi wbKU †cuŠQvq bv| WK‡z g›U UvBcwW‡K¬qvi Kiv Qvov GBPwUGgGj †cBR f¨vwj‡WkbI m¤¢e bq| ZvB h_vh_ WK‡z g›U UvBc wW‡K¬qvi Kiv Ri‚ix|WKz‡g›U UvBc wW‡K¬qvi Kivi Rb¨ GBPwUGgGj Gi <!DOCTYPE> e¨eüZ nq| Z‡e, GwU GBPwUGgGjGi †Kvb U¨vM bq| GwU GBPwUGgGj †cBR Gi ïi‚‡Z (<html> U¨vM Gi cÖ_‡g) D‡j- L Ki‡Z nq|D`vniY t wPÎ : 2.11.1 (WKz‡g›U UvBc wW‡K¬qv‡ikb)|2.11.1 t HMTL 4.01 fvm©‡b WKz‡g›U UvBc wW‡K¬qvi KivHTML 4.01 G wZbfv‡e WKz‡g›U UvBc wW‡K¬qvi Kiv nq|2.11.1.1 t StrictGBPwUGgGj 4.01 fvm©‡b Dchy³ WKz‡g›U dig¨vU GwU| †Kvb †WwcÖ‡K‡UW U¨vM, A¨vwUªweDU, †d«g‡mU GBWKz‡g›U dig¨v‡U e¨envi‡hvM¨ bq| GwU †jLvi wbqg t<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN\"\"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd\">2.11.1.2 t TransitionalA‡bK mgq Avcbv‡K Avcbvi I‡qe‡cB‡R †WwcÖ‡K‡UW A¨vwUªweDU, U¨vM e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| †m‡¶‡ÎGB WKz‡g›U UvBcwU D‡j- L Ki‡Z nq|<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\"\"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd\">2.11.1.3 t Frameset†d«g‡mU e¨envi K‡i I‡qe‡cBR •Zwi‡Z GB WK‡z g›U UvBcwU D‡j- L Ki‡Z nq|<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN\"\"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd\">2.11.2 t HMTL 5 fvm©‡b WK‡z g›U UvBc wW‡K¬qvi KivHTML 5 G wb‡gœv³ c×wZ‡Z WKz‡g›U UvBc D‡j- L Ki‡Z nq|<!DOCTYPE html> 38

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15we t `ª t GBPwUGgGj 5 G †Kvb cÖKvi †WwcÖ‡K‡UW U¨vM, A¨vwUªweDU mgw_©Z bq|39

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 40

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 Aa¨vq-3 HTML Bwj‡g›Um (Elements)3.1 t HTML Bwj‡g›U (Elements) 41

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15Bwj‡g›U ej‡Z hLb GBPwUGgGj Gi †Kvb U¨vM Gi cwicY~ © e¨envi nq, ZLb H cy‡iv U¨vM Gi e¨envi‡K GKwUBwj‡g›U e‡j| †hgb t- <p> GKwU U¨vM| hLb GB p U¨vMwUi m¤ú~Y© e¨envi n‡e, ZLb cy‡iv welqwU wg‡j GwUn‡e p Bwj‡g›U| wPÎ : 3.1.1 (p Bwj‡g›U)|1) GLv‡b <p> n‡‛Q I‡cwbs U¨vM2) This is Paragraph Text – n‡‛Q p U¨vM Gi Kb‡U›U3) Ges </p> n‡‛Q †K¬vwRs U¨vMGLb GB c‡y iv welqwU wg‡j GwU‡K ejv n‡e <p> Bwj‡g›U|wb‡P Av‡iv wKQz D`vniY Gi gva¨‡g welqwU m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi nIqv hvK - wPÎ : 3.1.2 (h1 Bwj‡g›U)| wPÎ : 3.1.3 (html Bwj‡g›U)| 42

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 3.1.4 (html, body Ges p Bwj‡g›U)| wPÎ : 3.1.5 (html, body, p Ges a Bwj‡g›U)|3.1.1 t Bwj‡g›U Gi MVb 1) I‡cwbs U¨vM w`‡q ïi‚ n‡Z n‡e 2) †K¬vwRs U¨vM e¨envi K‡i †kl Ki‡Z n‡e 3) I‡cwbs Ges †K¬vwRs U¨vM Gi wfZi Ab¨vb¨ U¨vM/Bwj‡g›U A_ev Kb‡U›U _vK‡e 4) G¤úwU Bwj‡g›U‡K (†hgb t - hr, br, img BZ¨vw`) I‡cwbs U¨vM Gi wfZiB †K¬vR Ki‡Z n‡e (<hr />, <br />, <img src=\"html.jpeg\" />)| 5) cÖvq mKj Bwj‡g›U Gi g‡a¨B A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb t- <body>, <img>, <a> <abbr> BZ¨vw`| 43

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-153.1.2 t †b‡óW GBPwUGgGj Bwj‡g›U (Nested HTML Elements)cÖwZwU GBPwUGgGj WK‡z g›U/†cBR AmsL¨ Bwj‡g›U Gi mgš‡^ q MwVZ| GBPwUGgGj Gi cÖvq cÖwZwU Bwj‡g›UAci †Kvb Bwj‡g›U‡K aviY K‡i Ges hLb †Kvb Bwj‡g›U Aci †Kvb Bwj‡g›U‡K aviY K‡i _v‡K, ZLb c‡y ivwelqwU‡K Nested Element (GKvwaK Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi) ejv n‡q _v‡K| wb‡P wKQz D`vniY Gi gva¨‡gwelqwU m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi nIqv hvK| wPÎ : 3.1.2.1 (Nested Element - <head>)|GLv‡b <head> Bwj‡g›UwU <title> Bwj‡g›U‡K aviY Ki‡Q| wPÎ : 3.1.2.2 (Nested Element - <head> )|GLv‡b <head> Bwj‡g›UwU <meta> Ges <title> Bwj‡g›U‡K aviY Ki‡Q| wPÎ : 3.1.2.3 ( Nested Element - <body> )| 44

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15GLv‡b <body> Bwj‡g›UwU <p> Bwj‡g›U‡K aviY Ki‡Q| wPÎ : 3.1.2.4 (Nested Element - <body>)|GLv‡b <body> Bwj‡g›UwU <h1> Ges <p> Bwj‡g›U‡K aviY Ki‡Q| wPÎ : 3.1.2.5 (Nested Element - <html>)|GLv‡b <html> Bwj‡g›UwU <body>, <h1> Ges <p> Bwj‡g›U‡K aviY Ki‡Q|3.1.3 t HTML Gi cÖavb Bwj‡g›Umg~ncÖwZwU GBPwUGgGj †cBR •Zwi‡Z cÖavb PviwU Bwj‡g›U e¨eüZ nq, †h¸‡jv bv n‡jB bq| GB Bwj‡g›U¸‡jvn‡jv t1. <html>2. <head>3. <title>4. <body> 45

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-153.1.3.1 t <html> Element†Kvb GBPwUGgGj WK‡z g›U/†cBR Gi cÖavb Bwj‡g›U n‡‛Q GB <html> Bwj‡g›U| GBPwUGgGj †cB‡Rimg¯— Bwj‡g›U/Kb‡U›U GB Bwj‡g›U Gi g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb K‡i (!DOCTYPE ev‡`)| GBPwUGgGj Gi I‡cwbsU¨vM‡K mevi cÖ_‡g (!DOCTYPE Gi c‡i) Ges †K¬vwRs U¨vM‡K mevi †k‡l wjL‡Z nq| G‡¶‡Î Avgiv †KvbI‡qe‡c‡Ri †mvm© †KvW (Source Code) †`‡LI welqwU m¤ú‡K© cwi¯‹vi n‡Z cvwi|†mvm© †KvW †`Lv t†Kvb I‡qe‡c‡Ri †mvm© †KvW †`Lvi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g I‡qe‡c‡Ri †h †Kvb RvqMvq gvD‡mi Wvb evUb wK¬K Ki‚b|AZtci AvMZ Ackb¸‡jv †_‡K \"View Page Source\" †jLvwUi Dci wK¬K Ki‚b| wPÎ : 3.1.3.1.1 (I‡qe‡c‡Ri †mvm© †KvW †`Lvi Rb¨ †c‡Ri Dci gvD‡mi Wvb evUb wK¬K Kiv )|Gevi wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv GB †cRwUi †mvm© †KvW P‡j Avm‡e| 46

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 GBPwUGgGj Gi I‡cwbs U¨vM GBPwUGgGj Gi †K¬vwRs U¨vM wPÎ : 3.1.3.1.2 (†Kvb I‡qe‡c‡Ri †mvm© †KvW †`Lv)|3.1.3.2 t <head> Element†Kvb I‡qe‡c‡Ri wk‡ivbvg, I‡qe‡cR msµvš— wewfbœ Z_¨vewj, wewfbœ CSS (Cascading Style Sheet)Style, Javascript †KvW <head> Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZi wjL‡Z nq| <head> Bwj‡g›U‡K <html> I‡cwbsU¨vM Gi c‡i-ïi‚ Ges <body> Gi I‡cwbs U¨vM ïi‚ nIqvi c~‡e©-†kl Ki‡Z nq Ges <head> Bwj‡g›UGi I‡cwbs Ges †K¬vwRs U¨vM (<head> </head>) Gi wfZi <head> Bwj‡g›U Gi Ab¨vb¨ Bwj‡g›U,Dcv`vb(<title>, <meta>, <base> BZ¨vw`) wjL‡Z nq| wb‡P GKwU D`vniY Gi gva¨‡g welqwU m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vinIqv hvK t 47

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 <html> Gi I‡cwbs U¨vM <head> Gi I‡cwbs U¨vM <head> Gi †K¬vwRs U¨vM <body> Gi I‡cwbs U¨vM wPÎ : 3.1.3.2.1 (<head> Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi)|<head> Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZi e¨eüZ Ab¨vb¨ Bwj‡g›Umgn~ t  <title>  <style>  <base>  <link>  <meta>  <script> Ges  <noscript>Gme welq mgn~ m¤ú‡K© Avgiv eB‡qi cieZ©x‡Z we¯—vwiZ Rvb‡ev|3.1.3.3 t <title> ElementI‡qe‡cR Gi UvB‡Uj/wk‡ivbvg Gi Rb¨ <title> Bwj‡g›UwU e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| UvB‡Uj‡K (UvB‡UjBwj‡g›U) †Kvb m¤úY~ © I‡qe‡cBR Dc¯’vcb Kivi gva¨g wn‡m‡eI AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| UvB‡Uj †`‡L †Kvb GKRbwfwRUi eyS‡Z cv‡ib †h, GwU Avm‡j †Kvb ai‡Yi I‡qemvBU| ZvQvov, mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkb (GmBI) Gi†¶‡ÎI UvB‡Uj Bwj‡g›U AZ¨š— ¸i‚Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| I‡qe‡c‡Ri UvB‡Uj e¨env‡i wewfbœ †KŠkje¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avi I‡qemvB‡U Ggb wewfbœ †KŠkj e¨envi K‡i I‡qemvBU‡K mvP© BwÄb †iRv‡ëikx‡l© wb‡q Avmvi Rb¨ †jL‡Ki ÔÔmvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡RkbÕÕ Ges ÔÔA¨vWfvÝW mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡RkbÕÕ eB`Õy wU msMÖn K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib| †Kvb I‡qe‡c‡Ri UvB‡Uj eªvDRv‡ii mevi Dc‡i cÖ`wk©Z nq| wb‡Pi wP‡Îi gva¨‡gZv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv t 48

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15 wPÎ : 3.1.3.3.1 (I‡qe‡c‡Ri UvB‡Uj)|3.1.3.3.1 t <title> Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi t<title> Bwj‡g›U‡K GBPwUGgGj †cB‡Ri <head> †mKkb Gi wfZi wjL‡Z nq| wb‡P GKwU D`vniY Gigva¨‡g UvB‡Uj Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv t wPÎ : 3.1.3.3.1.1 (<title> Bwj‡g›U Gi e¨envi)| 49

GBP wU Gg Gj 5 Aa¨vq-15AvDUcUy t wPÎ : 3.1.3.3.1.2 (<title> Bwj‡g›U e¨envi K‡i AvDUcyU †`Lv)| wPÎ : 3.1.3.3.1.3 (<title> Bwj‡g›U‡K <head> †mKk‡bi wfZi ivLv)|†KvW we‡k- lY tDc‡ii HTML dvBjwU‡Z Avgiv <title> Bwj‡g›U‡K wbqgvbmy v‡i <head> †mKkb Gi wfZi †i‡LwQ| wPÎ : 3.1.3.3.1.4 (<title> Bwj‡g›U Gi wfZi †c‡Ri Rb¨ UvB‡Uj/wk‡ivbvg wjLv )|I‡qe‡c‡R Avgiv †h †jLvwU‡K UvB‡Uj/wk‡ivbvg wn‡m‡e cÖ`k©b Kiv‡Z Pvw‛Q, †mwU‡K <title> Ges </title>(<title> Bwj‡g›U) Gi wfZi ivLv n‡q‡Q| 50