Physical Therapy - Dictionary

Studies 93 • The role of physical therapy and physical modalities in pain management. Author(s): Minor MA, Sanford MK. Source: Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America. 1999 February; 25(1): 233-48, Viii. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10083966&dopt=Abstract • The role of physical therapy in dentistry. Author(s): Brown CR. Source: Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent. 1998 March; 10(2): 194-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9582654&dopt=Abstract • The role of physical therapy in improving physical functioning of renal patients. Author(s): Pianta TF. Source: Adv Ren Replace Ther. 1999 April; 6(2): 149-58. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10230882&dopt=Abstract • The role of physical therapy in occupational low back injuries. Author(s): Blitz SG, Chapman DK, Fendrick AM. Source: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2002 June; 44(6): 489-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12085470&dopt=Abstract • The role of physical therapy in patients with facial paralysis: state of the art. Author(s): Beurskens CH, Oosterhof J, Elvers JW, Oostendorp RA, Herraets ME. Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (Eufos) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 1994 December; : S125-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10774330&dopt=Abstract • The use of distance education for a bachelor's degree to master's degree transition program in physical therapy. Author(s): Swisher AK, Mandich M. Source: Journal of Allied Health. 2002 Winter; 31(4): 217-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12491950&dopt=Abstract • The utilization of physical therapy in a palliative care unit. Author(s): Montagnini M, Lodhi M, Born W. Source: Journal of Palliative Medicine. 2003 February; 6(1): 11-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12710571&dopt=Abstract

94 Physical Therapy • Unapproved treatments or indications in dermatology: physical therapy including balneotherapy. Author(s): Millikan LE. Source: Clinics in Dermatology. 2000 January-February; 18(1): 125-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10701094&dopt=Abstract • Uniqueness of physical therapy tasks and its relationship to complexity and delegation: a survey of Pennsylvania physical therapists. Author(s): Figueroa-Soto I, Furmansky S, Hughes C, Quintas E, Schifter C. Source: Journal of Allied Health. 1999 Fall; 28(3): 148-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10507498&dopt=Abstract • Use of orthoses and early intervention physical therapy to minimize hyperpronation and promote functional skills in a child with gross motor delays: a case report. Author(s): Buccieri KM. Source: Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics. 2003; 23(1): 5-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12703382&dopt=Abstract • Use of survey research methods to study clinical decision making: referral to physical therapy of children with cerebral palsy. Author(s): Campbell SK, Anderson JC, Gardner HG. Source: Physical Therapy. 1989 July; 69(7): 610-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2740450&dopt=Abstract • Use of the ICF model as a clinical problem-solving tool in physical therapy and rehabilitation medicine. Author(s): Steiner WA, Ryser L, Huber E, Uebelhart D, Aeschlimann A, Stucki G. Source: Physical Therapy. 2002 November; 82(11): 1098-107. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12405874&dopt=Abstract • Use of virtual reality for adjunctive treatment of adult burn pain during physical therapy: a controlled study. Author(s): Hoffman HG, Patterson DR, Carrougher GJ. Source: The Clinical Journal of Pain. 2000 September; 16(3): 244-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11014398&dopt=Abstract • Use of webboards for distance learning: a physical therapy model. Author(s): Teyhen DS, Flynn T, Allison S. Source: Military Medicine. 2001 April; 166(4): 311-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11315469&dopt=Abstract

Studies 95 • Using health-related quality of life measures in physical therapy outcomes research. Author(s): Jette AM. Source: Physical Therapy. 1993 August; 73(8): 528-37. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8337240&dopt=Abstract • Utility of the Sussman Wound Healing Tool in predicting wound healing outcomes in physical therapy. Author(s): Sussman C, Swanson G. Source: Adv Wound Care. 1997 September; 10(5): 74-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9362585&dopt=Abstract • Utilization of hydrocortisone phonophoresis in United States Army Physical Therapy Clinics. Author(s): Pottenger FJ, Karalfa BL. Source: Military Medicine. 1989 July; 154(7): 355-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2503775&dopt=Abstract • Validity of the Peabody Developmental Gross Motor Scale as an evaluative measure of infants receiving physical therapy. Author(s): Palisano RJ, Kolobe TH, Haley SM, Lowes LP, Jones SL. Source: Physical Therapy. 1995 November; 75(11): 939-48; Discussion 948-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7480124&dopt=Abstract • Video production skills--a must in the physical therapy curriculum. Author(s): Oremland BS. Source: J Biocommun. 1997; 24(2): 6-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9316791&dopt=Abstract • Voice recognition goes home. Arizona physical therapy practice successfully uses voice recognition with the advantage of portability. Author(s): Parry A. Source: Health Management Technology. 2003 January; 24(1): 56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12564145&dopt=Abstract • Walking the trail of physical therapy research. Author(s): Smidt GL. Source: Physical Therapy. 1986 March; 66(3): 375-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3952154&dopt=Abstract

96 Physical Therapy • What goes on in physical therapy. Author(s): Mullendore JW. Source: Rn. 1982 May; 45(5): 54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6919204&dopt=Abstract • What is a suitable dosage of physical therapy treatment? Author(s): Jull G, Moore A. Source: Manual Therapy. 2002 November; 7(4): 181-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12419653&dopt=Abstract • What is the essence of physical Therapy? A grand theory is needed for the future. Author(s): O'Hearn M. Source: Physical Therapy. 2000 July; 80(7): 714-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10869135&dopt=Abstract • What works: speech recognition. Talking it through. Busy physical therapy practice converts from manual transcription to voice recognition. Author(s): Simmons J. Source: Health Management Technology. 2002 February; 23(2): 38. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11842579&dopt=Abstract • Which patients with chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy are most likely to benefit from physical therapy? Author(s): Kemler MA, Rijks CP, de Vet HC. Source: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2001 May; 24(4): 272-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11353938&dopt=Abstract • Who is responsible for the science of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy? Author(s): Powers CM. Source: The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 1998 May; 27(5): 329- 30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9580891&dopt=Abstract

97 CHAPTER 2. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL THERAPY Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to physical therapy. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources. The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database (CHID) is a bibliographic database produced by health-related agencies of the U.S. federal government (mostly from the National Institutes of Health) that can offer concise information for a targeted search. The CHID database is updated four times a year at the end of January, April, July, and October. Check the titles, summaries, and availability of CAM-related information by using the “Simple Search” option at the following Web site: http://chid.nih.gov/simple/simple.html. In the drop box at the top, select “Complementary and Alternative Medicine.” Then type “physical therapy” (or synonyms) in the second search box. We recommend that you select 100 “documents per page” and to check the “whole records” options. The following was extracted using this technique: • Shiatsu Source: Positive Health. Number 24: 61-64. December-January 1998. Summary: This journal article presents a general overview of Shiatsu, which is a physical therapy applied at floor level with minimum physical effort by the therapist. Shiatsu uses Oriental Medicine as its theoretical framework and is a method of self- development that has the effect of focusing the mind and grounding the body and the mind. The history, environment, tools, and theoretical basis of Shiatsu are discussed. Three broad categories of Shiatsu technique are detailed: tonification, dispersal, and calming. According to the author, there are several essential techniques of Shiatsu: motivation; steadiness of breath; keeping a low center of gravity; relaxation and comfort; empty mind; support rather than force; positive connection; correctly angled pressure; technical ability, continuity, and fluency; and empathy. The article also lists

98 Physical Therapy contraindications to Shiatsu, including acute fevers; contagious diseases; internal bleeding; blood clots; touch phobia; severe burns; bruises or swellings; fracture sites and areas of acute muscle or ligament injuries; cuts, local inflammation, and infection; twisted intestines; and varicose veins during pregnancy. This journal article contains 4 photographs and details on 2 resources. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to physical therapy and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “physical therapy” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to physical therapy: • “Hey John”: signals conveying communicative intention toward the self activate brain regions associated with “mentalizing,” regardless of modality. Author(s): Kampe KK, Frith CD, Frith U. Source: The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2003 June 15; 23(12): 5258-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12832550&dopt=Abstract • Pelvic floor physical therapy in urogynecologic disorders. Author(s): Kotarinos RK. Source: Curr Womens Health Rep. 2003 August; 3(4): 334-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12844459&dopt=Abstract • Spiritual care rights and quality of care: perspectives of physical therapy students. Author(s): Highfield ME, Osterhues D. Source: J Healthc Qual. 2003 January-February; 25(1): 12-5; Quiz 15-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12879625&dopt=Abstract Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: • Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/ • AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats • Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/ • drkoop.com: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html • Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

Alternative Medicine 99 • Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/ • Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/ • MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine • Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/ • HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/ • WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs • WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html • Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/ The following is a specific Web list relating to physical therapy; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation: • General Overview Alzheimer's Disease Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Appendicitis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Ascariasis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Burns Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Cystic Fibrosis Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Cystic Fibrosis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Guinea Worm Disease Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Hemophilia Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Hookworm Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com

100 Physical Therapy Intermittent Claudication Alternative names: Peripheral Vascular Disease Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Loiasis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Low Back Pain Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Lyme Disease Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Lymphatic Filariasis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Motion Sickness Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Osteoarthritis Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Osteoarthritis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Pain Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Parkinson's Disease Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Pinworm Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Reiter's Syndrome Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com River Blindness Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Roundworms Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Tendinitis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Tension Headache Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Threadworm Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com

Alternative Medicine 101 Trichinosis Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Vertigo Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Visceral Larva Migrans Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Whipworm Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Yellow Nail Syndrome Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com • Alternative Therapy Applied Kinesiology Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC.; www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,711,00.html Aromatherapy Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Art Therapy Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC.; www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,671,00.html Hydrotherapy Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC.; www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,705,00.html Myotherapy Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC.; www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,931,00.html Qigong Therapy Alternative names: buqi buqi therapy external qigong external Qigong healing External Qi Healing medical Qigong Qi An Mo Qigong healing Qi healing Qi Massage wai Qi liao fa Wai Qi Zhi Liao Source: The Canoe version of A Dictionary of Alternative-Medicine Methods, by Priorities for Health editor Jack Raso, M.S., R.D. Hyperlink: http://www.canoe.ca/AltmedDictionary/q.html Tai Chi Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com

102 Physical Therapy Traditional Chinese Medicine Source: Integrative Medicine Communications; www.drkoop.com Trager Approach Source: WholeHealthMD.com, LLC.; www.wholehealthmd.com Hyperlink: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/substances_view/0,1525,741,00.html • Herbs and Supplements Carisoprodol Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Cyclobenzaprine Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Eleuthero Alternative names: Siberian Ginseng, Eleuthero; Acanthopanax/Eleutherococcus senticosus Rupr. & Maxim. Source: Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.; www.amfoundation.org Ginkgo Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com • Food and Diet Low Back Pain Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Tendinitis Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

103 CHAPTER 3. DISSERTATIONS ON PHYSICAL THERAPY Overview In this chapter, we will give you a bibliography on recent dissertations relating to physical therapy. We will also provide you with information on how to use the Internet to stay current on dissertations. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical dissertations that use the generic term “physical therapy” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on physical therapy, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical dissertations in this bibliography. Dissertations on Physical Therapy ProQuest Digital Dissertations, the largest archive of academic dissertations available, is located at the following Web address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations. From this archive, we have compiled the following list covering dissertations devoted to physical therapy. You will see that the information provided includes the dissertation’s title, its author, and the institution with which the author is associated. The following covers recent dissertations found when using this search procedure: • A Comparison of a Model Demonstration and a Role-playing Simulation on the Transfer of Learning to a Clinical Evaluation and History in Physical Therapy Students by Protas, Elizabeth J., PhD from State University of New York at Buffalo, 1980, 178 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8114705 • A Comparison of Postbaccalaureate Entry-Level Physical Therapy Students' Learning Styles and Perceptions of the Higher Educational Environment by Pisarski, Edward Michael, EDD from Columbia University Teachers College, 1994, 126 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9424536 • A Comparison of the Incidence and Process of Mentoring among Male and Female Academicians in the Field of Physical Therapy (Professional, Development) by Stanton, Pamela English, EDD from Northeastern University, 1985, 162 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8515754

104 Physical Therapy • A Comparison of Two Methods of Laboratory Instruction in a Course in Human Anatomy for Senior Physical Therapy Students by Alexander, Justin, PhD from New York University, 1968, 132 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/6911731 • A Comparison of Two Physical Therapy Approaches in Individuals with Shoulder Dysfunction by Vongsirinavarat, Mantana; PhD from Texas Woman's University, 2003, 219 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3084191 • A Cost Analysis of a Physical Therapy Education Program Using Pert by Martin, Jerome Lee, PhD from University of Pittsburgh, 1978, 95 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7917433 • A Cost-Benefit Study of Clinical Education in an Entry-level Master's Degree Program in Physical Therapy by Granick, Risa Ann, EDD from Nova University, 1989, 117 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9101309 • A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study of the Social History of Inpatient Adults Experiencing a Fall Prior to Admission at Middlesex Hospital and Referral to Physical Therapy (Connecticut) by Luoma, Helen Kimberly; MPH from Southern Connecticut State University, 2002, 63 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1409791 • A Descriptive Analysis of Acute Post-Operative Physical Therapy Management of Patients Following Total Knee Replacement by Shyu, Ying-shan; MS from MGH Institute of Health Professions, 2002, 61 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1406849 • A Descriptive Study of Integrated Physical Therapy Services in School Systems by Roberts, Pamela Louise, EDD from Clark University, 1996, 360 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9625334 • A Design for Physical Therapy Teacher Preparation. by Nunley, Rachel Loyd, PhD from Duke University, 1976, 252 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7711842 • A Faculty Survey on Entry-Level Women's Health Physical Therapy Curricular Content by Boissonnault, Jill Schiff; PhD from The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2003, 154 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3089577 • A History of Physical Therapy Education in the United States: an Analysis of Development of the Curricula by Pinkston, Dorothy, PhD from Case Western Reserve University, 1978, 238 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7816554 • A Marketing Approach to the Physical Therapy Faculty Shortage in Higher Education by Pearl, Marcia Joan, PhD from Georgia State University, 1987, 186 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8727203 • A Multivariate Process Model to Evaluate Undergraduate Physical Therapy Students Admitted by Stratified Sample and by Ordinal Rank Pre-Selection by Shalik, Harold, PhD from University of Florida, 1978, 101 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7817458

Dissertations 105 • A Needs Assessment and Faculty Development Plan for New Faculty in Physical Therapy by Pagliarulo, Michael Anthony, EDD from Syracuse University, 1988, 207 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8914586 • A Problem-Solving Curriculum Design in Physical Therapy by Barr, Jean Scott, PhD from The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1975, 427 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7529004 • A Qualitative Study of the Physical Therapy Clinical Affiliation by Gutterman, Sharon Schwartz, PhD from The Ohio State University, 1983, 225 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8403521 • A Study of Cognitive Complexity in the Selection of Students in Physical Therapy by Di Stefano, Mary J., PhD from Case Western Reserve University, 1971, 109 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7206283 • A Study of Role Conflict in Chairpersons of Academic Departments of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy in Canadian Universities by Schaffer, Robin Harriet, EDD from University of Toronto (Canada), 1985 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/f1522133 • A Study of Role Conflict in Chairpersons of Academic Departments of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy in Canadian Universities by Schaffer, Robin; EDD from University of Toronto (Canada), 1985 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NL23516 • A Study of the Essential Functions Required of Physical Therapy Students (Disabilities) by Ingram, Deborah Ann, EDD from The University of Tennessee, 1994, 172 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9527211 • A Study of the Forces and Influences Leading to the Development of Specialization in the Profession of Physical Therapy in the United States by Richardson, Janice Karen, PhD from University of Pittsburgh, 1983, 159 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8411702 • Acute Physical Therapy Management of Patients Following Stroke by Busick, Laura Plummer; MS from MGH Institute of Health Professions, 2002, 65 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1410073 • Acute Post-Operative Physical Therapy Following Total Knee Revision Surgery by Rodriguez, Madeline Costello; MS from MGH Institute of Health Professions, 2002, 48 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1407947 • Allied Health Clinical Education Affiliations: a Study of Medical Technology, Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy Programs by Srugys, Karina Sabina, EDD from Loyola University of Chicago, 1984, 267 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8405315 • An Analysis of Cognitive Levels Found in Written Physical Therapy Examinations (Physical Therapy Education, Test Items) by McCandless, Richard Irwin, EDD from University of Pittsburgh, 1992, 116 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9226509

106 Physical Therapy • An Analysis of Physical Therapy Graduates from Baccalaureate Degree Programs and Basic Master's Degree Programs by Hanten, William Philip, EDD from University of Houston, 1980, 194 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8105351 • An Analysis of Selected Physical Therapy Clinical Performances and Success on the National Licensing Examination by Dreeben, Olga; PhD from Nova Southeastern University, 2003, 106 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3077389 • An Analysis of Self-perceived Multicultural Competencies among Entry Level Physical Therapy Students by Jaffee Gropack, Stacy Michelle; PhD from New York University, 2001, 116 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3004908 • An Analysis of the Effects of Visual and Somatosensory-Vestibular Input on the Postural Reactions of Infants Having Down Syndrome (Physical Therapy) by Effgen, Susan K., PhD from Georgia State University, 1984, 151 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8417130 • An Analysis of the Proposed Influences of Multiple Factors on the Learning Characteristics of Physical Therapy Students in Three Countries by Farina, Nancy Taylor Gorham, EDD from The George Washington University, 1997, 256 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9806396 • An Analysis of the Relationship between Value Congruence and Customer Satisfaction in Outpatient Physical Therapy Facilities in Florida and Georgia by Rone- Adams, Shari Ann; DBA from Nova Southeastern University, 2002, 118 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3042268 • An Ethnography of Physical Therapy Practice: a Source for Curriculum Development by Yarbrough, Patricia, PhD from Georgia State University, 1980, 274 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8027113 • An Evaluation of a Learning Module on Applying Behavioral Methods in Pediatric Physical Therapy by Linn, Dorothy McDonald, PhD from University of Pittsburgh, 1987, 264 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8808253 • An Examination of the Concerns Theory and Its Application in Physical Therapy Education by McCulloch, Joseph Marion, Jr., PhD from University of New Orleans, 1981, 78 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8125885 • An Exploration of the Relationship between Organizational Effectiveness and Type of Authority Boundary in Outpatient Physical Therapy Clinics by Rieth, Theresa Lynn; PhD from Fielding Graduate Institute, 2002, 160 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3064044 • An Investigation into Faculty Development Practices in Graduate Physical Therapy Education Programs by Priest, Andrew William; EDD from Texas Tech University, 2001, 92 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3005276 • An Investigation into Problem-Solving in Physical Therapy Education: Prerequisites and Curriculum (Critical Thinking, WGCTA, GRSLSS) by Arand, Judith Utz, PhD from Loyola University of Chicago, 1984, 294 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8417225

Dissertations 107 • An Investigation of the Relationships between Academic Performance, Clinical Performance, Critical Thinking and Success in a Physical Therapy Education Program by Vendrely, Ann Marie; EDD from Loyola University of Chicago, 2002, 105 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3063265 • Analysis of Factors Influencing Selection of Entry-Level Physical Therapy Programs in the United States by Wilcox, Kimberly J. Curbow; PhD from The University of Mississippi, 2003, 171 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3089849 • Attitudes of University of Missouri Physical Therapy Graduates toward the Professionalization of Their Occupation by Sanford, Marilyn King, PhD from University of Missouri - Columbia, 1987, 166 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8726955 • Attrition from Physical Therapy Clinical Practice (Education, Turnover, Career Satisfaction) by Gwyer, Janet Lynn, PhD from The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1984, 130 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8415813 • Becoming Adult Learners: Student Learning in Dual-Campus Physical Therapy Program Using Distance Education by Chesbro, Steven Bryce; EDD from Oklahoma State University, 2000, 215 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9987327 • Career Paths of Board-Certified Clinical Specialists in Geriatric Physical Therapy with Implications for Higher Education by Thompson, Mary E., PhD from University of North Texas, 1996, 142 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9638505 • Case Studies of Accreditation in an Emerging Profession: Process and Purpose in Physical Therapy Education by Jensen, Gail Marie, PhD from Stanford University, 1987, 404 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8723028 • Changing Conditions in the Health Care Industry, the Profession, and the Academy: the Effects of the Environment on the Work of Physical Therapy Faculty by Collins, Jennifer Eileen; EDD from The University of Rochester, 2001, 224 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3026216 • Clinical Teaching of Physical Therapy Students in Clinical Education by Scully, Rosemary Margaret, EDD from Columbia University, 1974, 177 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7418734 • Communication Apprehension and Interpersonal Skills in Physical Therapy Students: A Comparative Study of Problem-Based Learning and Traditional Curricula by Fein, Beverly Diane; EDD from University of Bridgeport, 2003, 187 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3079370 • Comparison of Master and Novice Physical Therapy Teachers: Planning, Teaching, and Post-Lesson Reflections (Master Teachers, Novice Teachers) by Gandy, Jody Shapiro, PhD from Temple University, 1993, 435 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9316481 • Conceptual Development in Physical Therapy Students by Graham, Cecilia Louise, PhD from Texas A&M University, 1994, 119 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9506640

108 Physical Therapy • Demographic and Recruitment Factors Affecting Career Choice of Minority and Nonminority Physical Therapy Students in the United States with Implications for Minority Recruitment Programs by Finneran, Jane, EDD from North Carolina State University, 1993, 111 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9413208 • Determinants of Job Turnover of Professionals in Organizations: Physical Therapy Faculty in Colleges and Universities by Radtka, Sandra Ann, PhD from University of California, Berkeley, 1985, 286 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8525100 • Determinants of Patient Satisfaction with Outpatient Physical Therapy Services in the Southern United States As Measured by the Physical Therapy Outpatient Satisfaction Survey: Precision by Replication by Scott, Cynthia Kunkel; PhD from The University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2002, 131 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3091794 • Development of a Self-Efficacy Instrument for Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain and Its Use As a Predictor of Physical Therapy Outcome by Du Bois, Kimberley Anne; PhD from The University of Connecticut, 2002, 368 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3042900 • Effectiveness of Physical Therapy Treatments in Relation to a Patient's Time on Mechanical Ventilation by Morales-Estuart, Monina Vicencio; MS from Texas Woman's University, 2002, 101 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1410090 • Effects of Learning Style and Learning Environment on Achievement of Physical Therapy Graduate Students in Distance Education by Daniel, John Anchuthengil; EDD from Texas Tech University, 1999, 165 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9951523 • Environmental Scanning Behavior in Physical Therapy Private Practice Firms: Its Relationship to the Level of Entrepreneurship and Legal Regulatory Environment by Schafer, D. Sue, PhD from University of North Texas, 1988, 136 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8900376 • Environmental Scanning in Physical Therapy Education by Strubhar, Andrew James; PhD from Illinois State University, 2000, 188 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9995670 • Essential Considerations for Planning the Clinical Education Curricular Component of the Entry-Level Doctor of Physical Therapy Degree by Lewando, Carol Ann; PhD from The University of Southern Mississippi, 2002, 136 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3071076 • Factors Effecting Outcome in Patients Receiving Physical Therapy for Low Back Pain by Bell, Christine Ann; MS from MGH Institute of Health Professions, 2002, 76 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1410035 • Factors Influencing Academic Success for Black Physical Therapy Students (Retention, Socialization) by Woodruff, Lynda Darnell, PhD from Georgia State University, 1984, 144 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8425856

Dissertations 109 • Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction and Mobility of Physical Therapy Faculty: Implications for Recruitment by Caston, Janet Montwieler, PhD from University of Denver, 1990, 242 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9022047 • Factors Influencing Program Selection and Professional Expectations of Physical Therapy Students by Johanson, Marie Anne; PhD from Georgia State University, 2003, 275 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3095176 • Factors That Influence Research Productivity in Physical Therapy Academic Departments by Anderson, Judith Claire, PhD from University of Illinois at Chicago, 1994, 328 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9516657 • Finding Vocation in Academic Work: Early Career in the Evolving Field of Physical Therapy by Thompson, Kristine Ann; PhD from Michigan State University, 2000, 299 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9985476 • How Service Learning Experiences Benefit Physical Therapy Students' Professional Development: a Grounded Theory Study by Reynolds, Pamela; EDD from Duquesne University, 2000, 191 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9993768 • Identification of Basic Structures and Development of a Continuous Progress Curriculum for Physical Therapy Assistants by May, Bella J., EDD from University of Miami, 1970, 215 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7104311 • Identification of Preadmission Characteristics Leading to Clinical Success in Physical Therapy by Melzer, Barbara Ann, PhD from The University of Texas at Austin, 1989, 213 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8920780 • Implications of Perceptions Regarding Needed Knowledges and Competencies for Inservice Education of Physical Therapy Clinical Faculty by Smith, Harold Graeme, EDD from University of Georgia, 1988, 235 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8823846 • Inclusion of Gregorc's Mind Styles Concepts in Physical Therapy Curriculum and Instruction in Selected Baccalaureate and Post-baccalaureate Programs (Baccalaureate Programs) by Gaden, Keith Raymond, PhD from Andrews University, 1992, 205 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9235604 • Inequality of Enrollment and Graduation in United States Physical Therapy Programs by Dal Bello-Haas, Vanina Pia Maria; PhD from Cleveland State University, 2002, 193 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3073999 • Interculturalization and the Education of Professionals: a Grounded Theory Investigation of Diversity, Multiculturalism and Conviction in the Physical Therapy Profession by Kachingwe, Aimie Fitzgerald; EDD from Northern Illinois University, 2000, 326 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9997588

110 Physical Therapy • Interdisciplinary Standards for Practice in Early Intervention: Perceptions of Pediatric Academic Educators in Professional Physical Therapy Programs by Megrath, Kimberley Lewis; PhD from University of Oregon, 2000, 344 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9963451 • Interinstitutional Agreements for Clinical Education in Physical Therapy by Moore, Margaret Lee, EDD from Duke University, 1971, 204 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7207483 • Investigating the Effects of Tonic Reflex Activity on Upper Limb Function in Persons with Cerebral Palsy (Handicapped, Physical Therapy) by Jenkins, Christopher James, PhD from University of Oregon, 1986, 206 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8705877 • Just Ask 'How High?': a Case Study of a Small Private University's Transition to Offering a Doctorate in Physical Therapy by Roller, Joellen Marie; EDD from University of St. Thomas (Minnesota), 2002, 222 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3068102 • Leadership Attitudes and Job Satisfaction in Physical Therapy Clinical Education by Thompson, Elizabeth Anne Weekley, EDD from Georgia Southern University, 1998, 148 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9906229 • Learning Communication and Interpersonal Skills Essential for Physical Therapy Practice: a Study of Emergent Clinicians by Plack, Margaret M.; EDD from Columbia University Teachers College, 2003, 384 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3091286 • Learning Styles of Physical Therapy Students by Hick-Rheault, Wendy Lee, PhD from The University of Chicago, 1989 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/T-31045 • Levels of Reflection of Physical Therapy Students Using Structured Journals during a 9-Week Clinical Education Experience by McGinty, Susan Mae Young; EDD from University of San Francisco, 2001, 145 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3035639 • Management, Faculty, and Accreditation Outcomes: a Survey of Physical Therapy Faculty and Program Directors by Peterson, Cathryn A.; EDD from University of San Francisco, 2002, 156 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3045023 • Methodological Research of a Developing Minimal Data Set That Measures Outcomes of Students Receiving School-based Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy by Arnold, Sandra H.; PhD from The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 2003, 197 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3095288 • Multigroup Assessment of Criteria Used to Evaluate Entry Level Physical Therapy Educational Programs by Borden, Richard A., PhD from The Union for Experimenting Colleges and Universities, 1988, 194 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8821937 • Nontraditional Variables As Predictors of Academic Success for Students Enrolled in Baccalaureate Level Physical Therapy Programs by Chapman, Denise Michelle, PhD from The University of Iowa, 1987, 128 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8729450

Dissertations 111 • Patients, Practitioners, and Policy: an Assessment of Patient Education Curricula in Physical Therapy Education Programs by Katzanek, Robin Jean; PhD from University of Denver, 2000, 262 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9973618 • Perceived Maternal Knowledge and Attitudes toward Physical Therapy during Early Intervention in Two Ethnic Groups (Cuban-Americans, African-Americans, Florida) by Masin, Helen L., PhD from University of Miami, 1992, 151 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9301241 • Perceptions of Physical Therapy Graduates' Readiness for Professional Activities, by the Graduates, Their Supervisors, and Their Faculty by Nayer, Marla Sharon; PhD from University of Toronto (Canada), 1999, 391 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NQ41255 • Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Services Evaluation Instrument for School Settings by Bartlett, Cheryl Sanger, PhD from The University of Alabama, 1996, 250 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9633913 • Physical Therapy Clinicians' Perspectives of Important Cardiopulmonary Competencies for Clinical Practice by Stubbs, Paula Laird; PhD from The University of Mississippi, 2003, 178 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3089847 • Physical Therapy Diagnosis Using Models of Disablement Represented by Impairment Variables Predicting Performance of Six-minute Walk Test, a Measure of Activity Limitation, in Individuals with Lower Limb Amputation by Raya, Michele Alexandria; PhD from University of Miami, 2003, 180 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3096368 • Physical Therapy in the Rehabilitation of Elderly Hip Surgery Patients in the Acute Setting by Beeson, Diane Ruth, PhD from University of California, San Francisco, 1981, 249 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8304202 • Physical Therapy Students' Approaches to Learning: Faculty Beliefs and Other Educational Factors That Influence Them by Sellheim, Debra Ough; PhD from University of Minnesota, 2001, 290 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3010578 • Physical Therapy Students' Learning Outcomes, Learning Styles, and Satisfaction: Comparison of Web-based to Lecture-based Delivery Model by Hauer, Patrick Leo; EDD from University of South Dakota, 2002, 84 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3055150 • Physical Therapy: A Study in Professional Orientations by Seyler, Mary Jo McClain, PhD from The Ohio State University, 1968, 159 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/6911705 • Practice Variation in Physical Therapy: Development of a Causal Model Using the Disorders Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder and Sciatica by Jewell, Dianne Ruth Valle; PhD from Virginia Commonwealth University, 2003, 218 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3084230

112 Physical Therapy • Practitioners' Reflections of Morality and Ethical Decision-Making in Physical Therapy by Greenfield, Bruce Howard; PhD from Georgia State University, 2003, 203 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3095173 • Predicting a Physical Therapy Career Working with Elderly Patients by Nosse, Larry John, PhD from Marquette University, 1998, 165 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9912732 • Problem-Solving in Physical Therapy Implications for Curriculum Development by Thomas-Edding, Dorothy O; PhD from University of Toronto (Canada), 1987 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NL39263 • Professional Behavior Development in Physical Therapy Students: Perceptions of Faculty and Students by Tsoumas, Linda J.; EDD from University of Hartford, 2002, 308 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3041817 • Professional Development of Academic Coordinators/Directors of Clinical Education in Physical Therapy: Portraits of Persistence by Salzman, Alice Jane; EDD from Northern Illinois University, 2003, 280 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3092266 • Professional Education and the Liberal Arts: Physical Therapy Programs at Liberal Arts Institutions by Domholdt, Elizabeth, EDD from Indiana University, 1987, 209 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8808206 • Professional Socialization in Physical Therapy: Influences and Perceived Outcomes by Dutton, Lisa Lynnae; PhD from Bowling Green State University, 2001, 233 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3038431 • Professional Socialization in Physical Therapy: Cooperative Work Experience and Student Perceptions of the Role of the Physical Therapist by Blackmer, Betsey Wyman, EDD from Northeastern University, 1988, 233 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8904849 • Program Evaluation of the University of North Dakota Department of Physical Therapy: A Case Study (Physical Therapy Education) by Mabey, Renee L. Rud, PhD from The University of North Dakota, 1995, 127 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9537554 • Quality Improvement in Physical Therapy Education: What Contributes to High First- time Pass Rates on the National Physical Therapy Examination? by Palmer, Phillip B.; PhD from University of North Texas, 2001, 218 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3041920 • Quality in Physical Therapy Education by Bertram, Stacie Carroll; PhD from Illinois State University, 2001, 199 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3064478 • Relations among Patient Management Problems, Critical Thinking Abilities and Professional Knowledge Levels Attained by Physical Therapy Students by MacKinnon, Joyce Leslie, EDD from North Carolina State University, 1987, 220 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8718908

Dissertations 113 • Role Conceptions of Faculty and Clinicians in the Field of Physical Therapy by Echternach, John Lennox, EDD from The College of William and Mary, 1976, 139 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7628436 • Selected Characteristics and Employment Practices: 1972-1976 Physical Therapy Graduates by Entry Level Professional Education by Perry, Catherine E., EDD from Boston University School of Education, 1979, 261 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7923891 • Selection of Students for Physical Therapy Education by Landen, Betty Ruth, PhD from Georgia State University, 1977, 110 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7729331 • Stresses and Strains in Physical Therapy (Massachusetts; Professionalization, Bureaucracy, History, Organization) by Holness, Alison E., PhD from Boston University, 1985, 229 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8513598 • The Allied Health Professions Admission Test: Its Roles in Selection for Physical Therapy Programs by Lilly-Masuda, Deona Mae, PhD from University of Southern California, 1984 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/f2141317 • The Clinical Reasoning Process As an Educational Strategy for Entry-level Physical Therapy Professionals by Burt-duPont, Blanche Anne, PhD from University of Florida, 1990, 195 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9106408 • The Comparison of Three Barriers to Inclusive Physical Therapy in the School Setting by Hart, Laurie M.; EDD from University of Kansas, 2000, 69 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9998081 • The Development of Physical Therapy Assistant Programs in Junior Colleges by Brawley, Gloria Marie, PhD from The Catholic University of America, 1970, 118 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7022135 • The Effect of a Behavioral Management Package on Adherence to Home Exercise Programs in Physical Therapy by Shoaf, Lisa Donegan; PhD from Virginia Commonwealth University, 2002, 279 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3042806 • The Effect of Frequency of Physical Therapy Visits on Balance and Falls in the Frail Elderly by Hardy, Julie Ann; MS from Texas Woman's University, 2002, 74 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1411434 • The Effect of Minority Recruitment and Retention Strategies and Programs on the Number of Minority Students Applying To, Enrolled in and Graduated from Accredited Entry-Level Physical Therapy Education Programs by Haskins, Awilda R., EDD from Florida International University, 1991, 231 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9134616 • The Effect of Training on Physical Therapy Student Raters Evaluating Videotaped Motor Skill Performances by Holekamp, Margaret J. M., PhD from University of Missouri - Columbia, 1986, 145 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8716706

114 Physical Therapy • The Movertm Curriculum: An Application of Contemporary Theories of Physical Therapy and Education by Barnes, Stacie Brown; EDD from The University of West Florida, 1999, 133 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9981950 • The Perceived Effectiveness of Physical Therapy Programs in Michigan Public Schools by Smith, Ernestine Rebecca Collins, PhD from The University of Michigan, 1982, 205 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8215086 • The Perceptions of Physical Therapy Students Regarding the Provision of Transcultural Care by Kraemer, Theresa Jean, PhD from Virginia Commonwealth University, 1999, 335 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9927534 • The Predictive Validity of Student Selection Variables in Physical Therapy Education by Clark, Mary Ann Fedun, EDD from University of Houston, 1983, 77 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8322112 • The Professionalization of Physical Therapy and the Educational Preparation of Physical Therapists for Professional Autonomy. by Banaitis, Daiva Audenas, PhD from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, 1975, 202 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7603296 • The Professionalization of Physical Therapy in the United States by Karow, Peter Joel, PhD from New York University, 1991, 272 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9134709 • The Relationship of Physical Therapy Student Characteristics and Clinical Site Characteristics to the Students' Performance on the National Physical Therapy Examination by Edmondson, Deborah Ann; EDD from Tennessee State University, 2001, 155 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3007561 • The Relative Value of Multiple Physical Therapy Admission Criteria in Predicting Clinical, Didactic, and Licensure Performance by Gross, Michael Todd, PhD from The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1986, 100 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8628227 • The Research Domain of Physical Therapy by Johnson, Geneva Richard, PhD from University of Pittsburgh, 1971, 147 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/7126167 • The Role of Health Promotion in Physical Therapy by Rea, Brenda Lynn; DRPH from Loma Linda University, 2003, 104 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3094852 • The Role of Participating in a Clinical Instructor Training Curriculum in Preparing Clinical Instructors to Comply with the American Physical Therapy Association Guidelines for Clinical Instructors by Kettenbach, Virginia K.; PhD from Saint Louis University, 1999, 386 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9973366 • The Role of the Academic Physical Therapy Department Chair As Perceived by Physical Therapy Teaching Faculty and Chairs by Perry, Wayne Louis; PhD from Andrews University, 2000, 204 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9968523

Dissertations 115 • The Scope of Physical Therapy Practice in Idaho Public School Systems by Oriel, Kathryn Nicole; EDD from Idaho State University, 2003, 128 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3094892 • The Transition to Post-baccalaureate Education in Physical Therapy by Malone, Terry Richard, EDD from Duke University, 1985, 211 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8605521 • The Use of Games in Physical Therapy by Ruvin, Harold, EDD from Yeshiva University, 1966, 178 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/6612090 • The Use of Physical Therapy in Orthopedagogical Aid - A Study in Physical Pedagogics. (Afrikaans Text) by De Bruyn, Nicolaas Johannes, DED from University of Pretoria (south Africa), 1982 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/f3191797 • Training Special Education Teachers in Physical Therapy Techniques by Means of Programmed Demonstrations by Swack, Myron Jerome, PhD from The University of Michigan, 1965, 61 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/6606716 • Utility of the Modified Haberman Interview in Higher Education (Physical Therapy Faculty) by Storey, Rebecca Sue, PhD from The University of Texas at Austin, 1995, 184 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9534968 • Value Negotiation As the Basis for Professional Socialization: the Example of Physical Therapy by Stiller-Sermo, Christine, PhD from Michigan State University, 1998, 270 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9922379 • What Do Physical Therapy Educators Define As Clinical Decision-Making and How Are These Definitions Evidenced in Their Teaching? by Geigle, Paula Richley; PhD from University of Delaware, 2002, 107 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3038313 Keeping Current Ask the medical librarian at your library if it has full and unlimited access to the ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. From the library, you should be able to do more complete searches via http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations.



117 CHAPTER 4. CLINICAL TRIALS AND PHYSICAL THERAPY Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to keep informed of the latest clinical trials concerning physical therapy. Recent Trials on Physical Therapy The following is a list of recent trials dedicated to physical therapy.7 Further information on a trial is available at the Web site indicated. • Efficacy of Acupuncture with Physical Therapy for Knee Osteo-Arthritis Condition(s): Osteoarthritis Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) Purpose - Excerpt: This study will examine the efficacy of acupuncture in combination with exercise physical therapy for moderate osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00035399 • Motor Recovery in Recent Stroke Patients Treated with Amphetamine and Physical Therapy Condition(s): Cerebrovascular Accident; Paralysis Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Purpose - Excerpt: The purpose of this study is to determine if giving amphetamines along with standard rehabilitation speeds motor recovery after a stroke. In addition, if 7 These are listed at www.ClinicalTrials.gov.

118 Physical Therapy motor recovery is improved, the study will also identify the areas of the brain involved with the recovery. Researchers will use motor function ratings, PET scans, functional MRI (fMRI), electroencephalographs, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to evaluate patients. Patients participating in the study will be placed in one of two groups; 1. Patients receiving dextroamphetamine and routine Rehabilitation Medicine 2. Patients receiving a placebo \"sugar pill\" and routine Rehabilitation Medicine Patients that have improved motor recovery will undergo neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies to identify areas of the brain involved. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001783 Keeping Current on Clinical Trials The U.S. National Institutes of Health, through the National Library of Medicine, has developed ClinicalTrials.gov to provide current information about clinical research across the broadest number of diseases and conditions. The site was launched in February 2000 and currently contains approximately 5,700 clinical studies in over 59,000 locations worldwide, with most studies being conducted in the United States. ClinicalTrials.gov receives about 2 million hits per month and hosts approximately 5,400 visitors daily. To access this database, simply go to the Web site at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ and search by “physical therapy” (or synonyms). While ClinicalTrials.gov is the most comprehensive listing of NIH-supported clinical trials available, not all trials are in the database. The database is updated regularly, so clinical trials are continually being added. The following is a list of specialty databases affiliated with the National Institutes of Health that offer additional information on trials: • For clinical studies at the Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center located in Bethesda, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/ • For clinical studies conducted at the Bayview Campus in Baltimore, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://www.jhbmc.jhu.edu/studies/index.html • For cancer trials, visit the National Cancer Institute: http://cancertrials.nci.nih.gov/ • For eye-related trials, visit and search the Web page of the National Eye Institute: http://www.nei.nih.gov/neitrials/index.htm • For heart, lung and blood trials, visit the Web page of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/studies/index.htm • For trials on aging, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute on Aging: http://www.grc.nia.nih.gov/studies/index.htm • For rare diseases, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the Office of Rare Diseases: http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/resources/rsch_trials.asp • For alcoholism, visit the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/intramural/Web_dicbr_hp/particip.htm

Clinical Trials 119 • For trials on infectious, immune, and allergic diseases, visit the site of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/clintrials/ • For trials on arthritis, musculoskeletal and skin diseases, visit newly revised site of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health: http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/studies/index.htm • For hearing-related trials, visit the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/clinical/index.htm • For trials on diseases of the digestive system and kidneys, and diabetes, visit the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: http://www.niddk.nih.gov/patient/patient.htm • For drug abuse trials, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse: http://www.nida.nih.gov/CTN/Index.htm • For trials on mental disorders, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute of Mental Health: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/studies/index.cfm • For trials on neurological disorders and stroke, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the NIH: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/funding_opportunities.htm#Clinical_Trials



121 CHAPTER 5. PATENTS ON PHYSICAL THERAPY Overview Patents can be physical innovations (e.g. chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment) or processes (e.g. treatments or diagnostic procedures). The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a patent as a grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the Patent and Trademark Office.8 Patents, therefore, are intellectual property. For the United States, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date when the patent application was filed. If the inventor wishes to receive economic benefits, it is likely that the invention will become commercially available within 20 years of the initial filing. It is important to understand, therefore, that an inventor’s patent does not indicate that a product or service is or will be commercially available. The patent implies only that the inventor has “the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling” the invention in the United States. While this relates to U.S. patents, similar rules govern foreign patents. In this chapter, we show you how to locate information on patents and their inventors. If you find a patent that is particularly interesting to you, contact the inventor or the assignee for further information. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical patents that use the generic term “physical therapy” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on physical therapy, we have not necessarily excluded non- medical patents in this bibliography. Patents on Physical Therapy By performing a patent search focusing on physical therapy, you can obtain information such as the title of the invention, the names of the inventor(s), the assignee(s) or the company that owns or controls the patent, a short abstract that summarizes the patent, and a few excerpts from the description of the patent. The abstract of a patent tends to be more technical in nature, while the description is often written for the public. Full patent descriptions contain much more information than is presented here (e.g. claims, references, figures, diagrams, etc.). We will tell you how to obtain this information later in the chapter. 8Adapted from the United States Patent and Trademark Office: http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/whatis.htm.

122 Physical Therapy The following is an example of the type of information that you can expect to obtain from a patent search on physical therapy: • Adjustable mobile orthosis seat appliance Inventor(s): Kitchen; Carol (Clinton, MI), Perrin; Melody Ann (Clinton, MI) Assignee(s): Macomb Intermediate School District (Clinton Township, MI) Patent Number: 6,217,057 Date filed: October 2, 1997 Abstract: A therapeutic support appliance for a patient disposed in a seating orthosis is provided with a base portion with casters coupled to its underside. A plurality of stanchions extend upwardly from the base member for engaging an adjustable handle and an adjustable orthosis support member, respectively. The handle can be adjusted to a height determined in response to a physical size characteristic of an operator or a therapist, and the orthosis support can be raised, lowered, or tipped in response to a physical size characteristic of the patient, the height of a table, or the administration of physical therapy. In one embodiment the appliance is formed of a vinyl coated steel tubular elements joined to one another. Excerpt(s): This invention relates generally to therapeutic seating appliances for invalid or handicapped patients, and more particularly, to a seat appliance that accommodates an orthosis and a patient. There is a need for a seat appliance that securely accommodates an orthosis, such as a GILLETTE seating orthosis, that conforms to the body of an individual patient, such as a child, to maintain body alignment and prevent deformities. The term \"orthosis\" as used herein includes, in addition to custom molded arrangements adapted to the specific physiology of a particular patient, other seating inserts for patients, such as students, that require more support than is provided by a conventional chair. The prior art provides various forms of walkers, table potty chairs, wheelchairs, and the like, which fall short of fulfilling certain needs of invalid or otherwise handicapped children. For example, it is desired that an invalid or handicapped child or student disposed on a seating appliance be positioned such that the student is brought closer to his or her peers. Such proximity provides significant psychological advantage to the student as it reduces the psychological impact of the ever-present hospital-like structures, including the seating appliance, the orthosis, etc. Known arrangements often include associated work tables for the students, because the structure of such known appliances often requires predetermined cut-outs in the table to accommodate the student and the seating appliance. Thus, in a conventional setting, the handicapped or invalid students are separated from one another and perform their classroom work on individual tables associated with their respective seat appliances. Such isolation limits interaction between the students, and since conventional seating appliances are bulky, the students cannot avoid the constant reminder of the hospital- like environment. There is additionally a need for a mobile orthosis seat arrangement wherein a broader range of physical therapies can be administered to the patients than can be administered in a conventional handicapped seating arrangement. Such a seat should provide easy access for therapists to facilitate desired movements or hand-over- hand patterning for the patient. Such enhanced ergonomics would reduce the possibility of injury to the patients. In addition, there is a need for a streamlined orthosis seat appliance wherein a student can be brought, at an appropriate height, to a table work surface, such as a classroom table, with or without a cut-out. In addition, the improved seating appliance should facilitate the spatial orientation of the orthosis with the patient

Patents 123 thereon to facilitate the administration of therapies to improve muscle tone and head and neck control. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06217057__ • Adjustable physical therapy apparatus Inventor(s): Mekjian; John H. (35959 Elmira, Livonia, MI 48150) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,879,272 Date filed: August 15, 1997 Abstract: An adjustable physical therapy apparatus consisting of a support base. A horizontally oriented bounding platform assembly support bar is selectively mounted on the support base so as to be vertically adjustable with respect thereto. A bounding platform assembly consists of two pivotally connected bounding platforms which are selectively draped over the support bar so that the free ends thereof rest upon the floor. The angle of inclination of the pivotally connected bounding platforms is selectivley variable by vertically adjusting the support bar with respect to the support base so as to provide bounding surfaces for vigorous lateral rehabilitation exercises by the patient.A modified adjustable physical therapy apparatus is provided whereby two adjustable physical therapy units are fixedly attached in an end-to-end relationship so as to provide adjacent bounding platforms with a reverse angle of inclination so as to provide bounding surfaces for vigorous medial rehabilitation exercises by the patient. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to an adjustable physical therapy apparatus which is specifically adaptable for selective rehabilitation exercises by a patient to improve the strength and stability of injured joints in the lower body extremities, i.e. the ankles, knees and hips. This invention also relates to an adjustable physical therapy apparatus having opposed inclined platforms which enable the patient to perform selective bilateral bounding activity on the inclined platforms by pushing off with one leg from one inclined platform and landing with the other leg on the opposite inclined platform with resultant beneficial rehabilitating stress along the lateral aspects of the joints as the bounding activity is repeated with resultant increased strength in the injured joint. This invention further relates to an adjustable physical therapy apparatus provided with variable angle of inclination control means whereby the angle of inclination of the opposed inclined or slanted platforms can selectively be varied from a low level of incline to a high level of incline so as to selectively increase the stress level as the patient's rehabilitation improves to a full recovery of the injured joint. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05879272__ • Ambulation and mobility apparatus for therapeutic exercise Inventor(s): Cohen; Charles (Fair Lawn, NJ) Assignee(s): Hausmann Industries, Inc. (Northvale, NJ) Patent Number: 5,924,960 Date filed: October 7, 1997 Abstract: A therapeutic exercise apparatus for providing ambulation and mobility physical therapy includes a flat platform and two parallel handrails with ladder steps

124 Physical Therapy arranged on the platform at the place where the patient would place their feet, so that the gait of the patient is controlled and increased movement of the patient's feet is required in order to permit the patient to traverse the length of the platform. A balance beam extending along the length of the platform can be placed on the platform in lieu of the ladder steps. The steps are removably attached to the platform by means of dowel pins fitting in corresponding holes bored in the surface of the platform. Excerpt(s): This invention relates generally apparatus for use in physical therapy and, more particularly, to apparatus for use in ambulation therapy. The field of physical therapy has been getting more and more attention upon the recognition that recuperation and recovery from surgery and accidents can be implemented by the patient performing various exercises and the like. For example, walking is found to help many recovering patients and disabled persons. Nevertheless, in many cases the patient could not simply walk on their own. Therefore, there have been known some systems having handrails that resemble the parallel bars in gymnastic equipment and that permit the patient to hold on with their hands and arms to the handrails as they walk along. In such previously proposed systems, the handrails or parallel bars are provided with uprights or standards similar to those of the gymnastic equipment that are simply placed on the floor of the physical therapy training area. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved apparatus that can increase the effectiveness of the previously known ambulatory therapy device by requiring more complicated movements of the patient's feet, while still providing handrail support. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05924960__ • Continuous passive motion device that accelerates through the non-working range of motion Inventor(s): Blanchard; Frederick W. (Portage, MI), Brown; Stephen L. (Chattanooga, TN), Hofstatter; Dwayne (Woodstock, GA), Linville; D. Chris (Hixson, TN), Pohl; Jeffrey K. (Chattanooga, TN), Vetter, Jr.; James R. (Soddy Daisy, TN) Assignee(s): Chattanooga Group, Inc. (Hixson, TN) Patent Number: 6,221,033 Date filed: November 9, 1999 Abstract: A therapeutic device which may be used in providing physical therapy for a patient's knee by moving the patient's leg through a plurality of cycles of motion in a treatment session. The device includes a \"Fast Back\" range of motion feature that permits the machine to be operated at more than one speed or rate per cycle, wherein the patient's knee may pass through a critical or working range of motion at a first rate, and through a non-critical or non-working range of motion at a second rate, so as to increase the portion of time of a treatment session that is spent in the working of the range of motion, as compared to conventional CPM machines. The preferred embodiment of the invention also has \"soft turns\" capability, wherein the carriage holding the patient's leg is decelerated, at a controlled rate over a controlled distance, from the operational speed to zero, as the carriage approaches an extension or flexion limit, and wherein the carriage is accelerated in the same fashion as the carriage moves away from the extension or flexion limit. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates generally to medical rehabilitation devices, and more particularly to a device which may be used to flex the knee joint of a patient as part of a therapeutic or rehabilitative program. Knee injuries are an unfortunate

Patents 125 byproduct of today's emphasis on sports and physical fitness; however, effective surgical techniques have been developed to repair injuries such as to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and other components of the knee. In addition, many members of our aging population are candidates for total knee replacement surgery because of disease and/or injury. All of these surgical procedures must be followed by a period of rehabilitation in order for recovery to be complete. Furthermore, some injuries to the knee may not require surgery but instead may require an extensive rehabilitation period. Such rehabilitation generally requires that the knee be flexed and the leg be extended such as occurs in normal walking; however, it is frequently undesirable for a recovering patient to bear weight on his leg while rehabilitating his knee. In addition, when a knee has suffered a trauma or other injury, or after surgery, a person often lacks the necessary muscle control, strength or will to flex his knee and straighten his leg. Consequently, there is a need for a rehabilitation device that can be used to mobilize the joint over period of time as a part of the orthopedic care which follows an injury, illness or surgical procedure. The therapeutic use of an external force to flex and extend the limb to induce motion is referred to as passive motion. The application of continuous passive motion to a joint following a period of immobilization, injury, surgery or the like, has been shown to reduce post-operative pain, decrease the number of adhesions, decrease the amount of atrophy experienced by the surrounding and supporting muscle, promote the speed of recovery, improve the range of motion in a much shorter time, and reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis and post-traumatic osteopenia. Depending on the nature and severity of the knee injury or the nature and extent of the surgical procedure performed, therapeutic treatment sessions involving continuous passive motion may be carried out on a daily basis for several days or several weeks. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06221033__ • Cyclic ergometer Inventor(s): Brown; David Alan (9358 Forestview, Evanston, IL 60203) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 6,551,219 Date filed: May 13, 1999 Abstract: An exercise or physical therapy apparatus provides both tonic and phasic exercise to selected muscle groups of a user, such as the muscles of the arms or legs. The phasic exercise may be accomplished by a cycle. The tonic exercise is accomplished by subjecting the muscle group to a constant load, such as a user- or therapist-selected portion of the user's body weight, by springs, or by weights. A measurement device measures the degree of displacement of the user's torso, it being an objective of the user to keep the torso stationary. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates in general to physical rehabilitation and exercise apparatus, and more particularly to physical therapy and exercise apparatus that provide both phasic and tonic exercise to a muscle group. There are many exercise devices that are used to strengthen muscles of the lower or upper extremities. In regard to the legs, it is important to find exercises for increasing strength in functional weight- bearing tasks such as walking, running and jumping, while minimizing the damage to joints that may occur with repetitive training of these tasks. Currently available bicycle ergometers, although providing a good exercise for minimizing joint loading stress, all involve some seating mechanism that absorbs most of the body weight, such that weight-bearing on the exercised extremities is minimized. One device, the cardiac stress

126 Physical Therapy table disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,372,551, was developed to aid in the diagnostic imaging of the heart during different levels of cardiac stress. This device can tilt an individual about the approximate hip center and uses a shoulder pad system to retain the trunk in selected tilt positions. The device uses seated pedaling and therefore does not place significant tonic loads on the legs. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06551219__ • Inflatable device and method for using the device Inventor(s): Weck; David S. (New York, NY) Assignee(s): D. W. Fitness, LLC (Madison, NJ) Patent Number: 6,422,983 Date filed: October 4, 1999 Abstract: An inflatable device can be used for physical therapy, conditioning or training. The device has a support platform and a flexible member. The flexible member is affixed to, and has a bowl-shaped distention projecting from, one side of the platform. This flexible member is inflatable to a pressure for supporting a person. The device is inflated before placing at least some of the weight of a person on the device. When the person wishes to later change the characteristics of the device, the pressure in the inflatable device can be changed to change its stability. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to devices for physical therapy, conditioning or training, and in particular to inflatable devices. Many devices are known for facilitating exercises done for therapy, conditioning or physical training. Other than variable resistance training equipment, these devices have not usually offered much adjustability to allow for exercises at different degrees of difficulty. Also, many of these devices have been dedicated to very specific exercises and therefore do not justify a significant investment of space and financial resources for such a narrow purpose. Some exercise devices require a person to maintain balance and equilibrium. A large inflatable ball (for example, 65 cm), known as a Swiss ball, has been used for this purpose. While the ball is useful for certain stability training exercises, standing upon the ball or staying atop the ball requires a high degree of skill and is inappropriate for most. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06422983__ • Interactive workstation for creating customized, watch and do physical exercise programs Inventor(s): Biron; James F. (Longmeadow, MA), Ditmar; Terry D. (Longmeadow, MA), Elia; Geoff F. (Somers, CT), Graham; Donald L. (Longmeadow, MA), Green; Gregory A. (Marlboro, MA), Sklar; Joseph H. (Longmeadow, MA) Assignee(s): OmniMedia Systems, Inc. (Great Barrington, MA) Patent Number: 5,949,951 Date filed: November 8, 1996 Abstract: An interactive touchscreen workstation is disclosed for generating patient- specific physical therapy videotapes. The workstation generally includes an appropriately programmed, digital central processing unit; first storage means for storing digital video exercise data; second storage means for storing digital audio

Patents 127 exercise data; third storage means for storing digital patient data; fourth storage means for storing digital audio music data; user interface controls for directing the operation of the central processing unit so as to (i) generate a sequence of digital video frames from the data contained in the first storage means, with that sequence corresponding to a particular physical therapy regimen prescribed for that patient, and (ii) generate a digital audio track from the digital audio exercise data contained in the second storage mean, and/or the digital audio music data contained in the fourth storage means, with the digital audio track generated by the central processing unit corresponding to the sequence of digital video frames generated by the central processing unit; and output means for recording the sequence of digital video frames generated by the central processing unit and digital audio track generated by the central processing unit on a standard videotape, which videotape can thereafter be used by a patient to conduct \"watch-and-do\" physical therapy by playing back the videotape while simultaneously carrying out the regimen of physical therapy exercises specified in, and illustrated by, that same videotape. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to the provision of physical therapy in general, and more particularly to the provision of physical therapy using patient-specific videotapes. Physical therapy typically requires that a patient undertake a prescribed series of repetitive exercises so as to strengthen or otherwise treat a portion of that patient's body. These prescribed exercises are patientspecific, in the sense that they must take into account the general health of the patient, the specific therapy to be achieved, etc. Since the patient typically performs at least some of the exercises out of view of the therapist, it is common for the therapist to provide the patient with a set of written guidelines to be followed when carrying out the prescribed exercise regimen. Among other things, this set of written guidelines may include paper drawings of the exercises which are to be performed by the patient. Unfortunately, it can be very difficult for the physical therapist to provide the patient with all of the desired instructions via the aforementioned written guidelines, even where these guidelines include paper drawings. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05949951__ • Isotonic or isometric exercise and therapy system Inventor(s): Gordon; James R. (Benton, IL) Assignee(s): Gordon Research & Development, Inc. (Pinckneyville, IL) Patent Number: 5,674,166 Date filed: October 24, 1996 Abstract: This isometric/isotonic exercise and physical therapy system is based on a series of elongated exercise rods made of urethane or other resilient, elastomeric resin that is both bendable and twistable. The exercise or therapy afforded by the system depends on the resilient exercise rod or rods; for a relatively limp, low-resistance rod the exercise is essentially isotonic, but with stiffer rods isometric exercise or therapy is provided. The system includes devices that mount the rod or rods on the person using the system for varied exercises of the knee, elbow, hip, wrist, back, or virtually any other portion of the user's anatomy. Excerpt(s): This invention is directed to a versatile system of devices for isometric or isotonic exercise and physical therapy. The invention has many of the operational attributes of the exercise and physical therapy apparatus described and claimed in the

128 Physical Therapy applicant's co-pending U.S. applications entitled \"Exercise and Therapy Apparatus\", and \"Isotonic/Isometric Device for Exercise and Physical Therapy\", Ser. Nos. 08/364,280 and 08/364,281, both filed Dec. 27, 1994, though the earlier inventions are rather different in structure. This invention usually uses a solid or tubular urethane rod of circular cross section as the principal exercise element, but can utilize a flat plate, a rectangular rod, or the adjustable elastomer torsion device described and claimed in the applicant's co- pending U.S. patent application for \"Adjustable Elastomer Torsion Device\", Ser. No. 08/262,511, filed Jun. 20, 1994. A wide variety of different mechanisms have been devised for use in physical therapy for various parts of the human anatomy. Typically, an injured or otherwise impaired arm or wrist requires exercise (physical therapy) to enable the impaired person to recover from the impairment. The same situation may apply to a leg, an ankle, a foot, a back, or some other part of the human anatomy. For some impairments, particularly those involving broken bones, isometric exercises affording substantial resistance are preferred. In trainer's jargon, \"no pain, no gain\". For other impairments, such as those entailing muscular inflammation, zero or near-zero progressive resistance (isotonic) exercise is often deemed preferable. Many mechanisms can be used for both exercise and therapy purposes. It is difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish between their exercise and therapy attributes. A principal problem with many exercise and physical therapy devices and systems has been that they usually are not sufficiently versatile to meet the numerous different physical problems to which human beings are prone and to provide either isotonic or isometric exercise, at a desired level, for a given part of the human anatomy. Sometimes this problem is overcome, at least in part, by appropriate provision for changing the component parts of a device to suit the needs of the person requiring exercise or physical therapy. Changeover of this kind may be difficult and time consuming, particularly in a complex exercise device. Furthermore, due to the wide disparity of individual humans as regards their physical attributes such as strength, weight, size, degree of impairment, etc., an apparatus that is quite appropriate and suitable for use by one individual may be totally unacceptable to another person having the same basic impairment, regardless of modification of the device. That is, a therapeutic exercise device may be lacking in the versatility necessary for conversion to use by different individuals even though those individuals have the same basic impairment. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05674166__ • Joint brace hinges Inventor(s): Bastyr; Charles A. (Del Mar, CA), Simmons; Kevin D. (San Diego, CA), Tillinghast; Theodore V. (Carlsbad, CA) Assignee(s): Smith & Nephew, Inc. (Memphis, TN) Patent Number: 5,921,946 Date filed: October 22, 1997 Abstract: Hinges for orthopedic and rehabilitation braces allow intuitive, convenient and positive control and adjustment of the limits to which the braces may extend or flex. Such hinges also allow convenient locking of such braces. A flexion switch and an extension switch allow convenient repositioning of stops or limits which limit flexion and extension of the brace. Such switches may be repositioned, however, only with repositioning pressure for moving the switch to a new position combined with safety pressure for unlocking the switch. A brace locking switch may also be included. Such hinges promote more effective post-operative and rehabilitation results because they

Patents 129 among other things allow users easily to change the flexion, extension and fixation limitations of their braces conveniently and in real time such as during post-operative and physical therapy sessions and workouts. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to hinges for knee braces and for other braces such as those for the shoulder, elbow, hip or other body joints. Such hinges feature switches which may be intuitively, conveniently and positively positioned in order to limit joint flexion and extension or to fix the joint in a locked position for post-operative, rehabilitation or other desired purposes. The hinges preferably employ cammed surfaces and notches which cooperate with such switches for elegant and improved adjustable control of brace flexion, extension and fixation. Knee braces and braces for other joints are commonly employed after surgery or for treatment of injury to the joint. Such braces generally serve two major purposes. First, they brace or stabilize the joint in order generally to control its movement. Second, they limit joint flexion and/or extension in a controllable and adjustable fashion to prevent reinjury of the knee and to promote therapeutic and rehabilitation objectives. Many braces have been devised to stabilize the knee and other joints and anatomical structures about various axes. Hinges which limit flexion and extension of the joint, such as those according to the present invention, may be employed, as a general matter, with or in any of such devices. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05921946__ • Medical device for physical therapy treatment Inventor(s): Hill; Jack (2522 Blossom St., Columbia, SC 29205) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 6,371,894 Date filed: February 18, 2000 Abstract: A medical device for physical therapy treatment to enable patients confined to a bed to increase upper and lower extremity strength and promote a quicker return to standing and walking activities. The medical device can be a generally wedge-shaped article constructed of a resiliently compressible material designed to consistently return to its original shape after repeatedly being compressed. The medical device can have an expansive front support base, an expansive, taller rear support base, a generally flat bottom surface, left and right sides and a top surface which slopes from the expansive front support base to the taller rear support base at an angle designed to provide a proper range of motion for a patient's legs when performing a certain therapeutic exercise. The left and right sides can be provided with opposing indentations therein at about the mid portion of the medical device. For stability while performing exercises, the front and rear support bases preferable have expansive surfaces which can be placed between a patient's feet and the footboard of a bed to permit the article to be compressed between the patient's feet and the footboard in order to perform therapeutic exercises. The left and right sides can be compressed either between the patient's thighs or between the outside of the patient's thigh and the side rail of a bed to perform therapeutic exercises. The indentations can be positioned along the sides of the article to provide an anatomically comfortable fit for the patient's thigh and knee. Excerpt(s): The invention relates to a medical device for physical therapists, particularly for performing upper and lower extremity exercises for the physical rehabilitation of bed-bound patients. More particularly, the invention relates to a generally wedge shaped compressible article for allowing patients to perform exercises while lying down,

130 Physical Therapy most likely confined to their hospital bed, which will aid them in increasing upper and lower extremity strength which is essential for returning to standing and walking activities. The medical device is preferably disposable, in that the article should not be shared between patients. In the acute and sub-acute rehabilitation setting, the patients may be very ill and often are confined to a hospital bed. This proves to be a very challenging situation from a therapeutic standpoint and limits a physical therapist to basic bedside exercises. In addition, physical therapists are limited by the amount of time due to the number of patients they see and resources that are available. Lack of time and resources coupled with the poor health of the patients in these settings can leave the patients at great risk for developing secondary complications such as pneumonia, muscle atrophy, decubiti, and osteoporosis due to inactivity or severely decreased activity. This type of situation normally requires that the patient recover from a very tenuous medical state before initiating aggressive physical therapy and typically requires a relatively lengthy period of hospitalization. Initiating early physical therapy that can be performed in bed by the patient can permit the patient to begin strengthening all of the major upper and lower extremity muscle groups such as shoulder flexors, adductors and abductors; elbow extensors; hip and knee flexors and extensors; hip adductors and abductors; and ankle plantar flexors. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06371894__ • Method and system for providing physical therapy services Inventor(s): Burgess; Barry (118 W. MacDonald Ave., Richmond, CA 94801) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 6,007,459 Date filed: April 14, 1998 Abstract: A method and system for providing physical therapy to a human client having a physical condition includes the steps of providing an electronic communication link between the client and a therapist, instructing the client to move in a particular manner, or to assume a sustained posture or perform a test. Then, feedback is requested from the client. The feedback relates to bodily sensation corresponding to the movement or sustained posture and can be audio, video, and/or data type feedback. The communication link communicates the feedback to the therapist. Accordingly, the therapist utilizes the feedback to assess the physical condition of the client. The therapist also communicates remedial movements or a remedial sustained posture to the client to address the physical condition. Various postural measurements and testing devices are be used in conjunction with the present invention to facilitate assessment and help address the physical condition in accordance with accepted physical therapy techniques. Excerpt(s): The present invention pertains to methods for providing physical therapy, and more particularly to providing physical therapy services via an electronic communication system. During the past few decades the demand for physical therapy services has risen. Therapists have grown in number. Injury victims, including those experiencing pain or immobility, commonly see a physical therapist during medical treatment and expect the therapist to address the pain or immobility. During a typical physical therapy session, the therapist assesses a client's physical situation by reviewing relevant medical records and by direct observation of the client. Often the therapist's remedial techniques include hands-on treatment. Such treatment may include massage, joint manipulation and postural adjustments. Often the client's response to hands-on

Patents 131 treatment is used to enable the therapist to further understand, and remedy the client's condition. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06007459__ • Method and therapy software system for preventing computer operator injuries Inventor(s): Heuvelman; John A. (7951 N. Pl., Tucson, AZ 85741) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 6,142,910 Date filed: June 11, 1999 Abstract: A method and therapy software system for preventing computer operator injuries combines a computer with a software system and prevents or rehabilitates computer operator injuries resulting from the prolonged use of a computer keyboard or mouse associated with the computer by reminding said computer operator to perform physical therapy exercises that are designed to reduce the potential injuries that can result from prolonged uninterrupted use of a computer keyboard or mouse. Excerpt(s): The present invention, a Method and Therapy Software System for Preventing Computer Operator Injuries, relates generally to a computer based system and software program for preventing computer operator injuries. More specifically, the present invention is a computer program that monitors a computer operator's mouse and keyboard activity to determine when a particular computer operator should perform user-specific, professionally developed therapeutical physical exercises. The invention temporarily transforms a computer system into an exercise machine by suspending ongoing computer operations in order to use the computer's audio and visual peripherals to present a digitally stored, animated audio/visual interactive presentation of therapeutic physical exercises. The data generated by the exercise sessions is subsequently recorded for administrative and medical review and may be used for managing employee health programs intended to reduce or even eliminate computer operator injuries. The wide spread use of computer systems in the work place and at home has sparked a corresponding rise in physical injuries known generally as Repetitive Stress Injury (\"RSI\") or Occupational Overuse Syndrome (\"OOS\") and Cumulative Stress Syndrome; and Toxic Neck Reflex among computer users. Typically, these injuries arise from a condition, which at the onset, is symptomatically little more than a minor irritation to a muscle(s) or joint(s). However, through the continued reuse of the afflicted area or through the continued repetition of the aggravating motion, the minor aggravation is transformed into a much more serious, sometimes debilitating condition. In extreme cases, the condition may require immobilization for extended periods or even surgery. In some cases, although infrequently, the subject of a chronic affliction is prevented from performing certain physical actions for the duration of their life. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06142910__

132 Physical Therapy • Methods and apparatus for portable delivery of electrical physical modalities to a patient Inventor(s): Bock; Christopher (3435 NE. Clackamas St., Portland, OR 97232), Geist; Steven (Portland, OR) Assignee(s): Bock; Christopher (Portland, OR) Patent Number: 6,393,319 Date filed: November 5, 1999 Abstract: Data defining electrical waveforms for physical therapy is created on a computer and stored in a removable machine-readable medium such as a CD-ROM or semiconductor memory module. The data is played back, for example on a portable CD- ROM player, to produce the physical therapy waveforms at any time and location convenient or desired by the patient. An interface circuit amplifies and conditions the resulting waveforms for applying them to the skin of the patient via leads and electrodes. Since most therapies use waveforms within the audio frequency range, ubiquitous low-cost audio playback equipment can be used. Advantages of the invention are providing physical therapy at any location and at low cost, without requiring presence of a clinician or other health care professional on location. Excerpt(s): The general subject matter is methods and apparatus for use in physical therapy to alleviate pain, improve mobility, etc., for a human patient who suffers from a disease or injury treatable by physical therapy. Various physical therapy machines are known in the prior art. Specifically, the present invention is related to machines that apply electrical energy to the affected part of the body. It has been found that the application of electrical energy at particular amplitudes and frequencies can be a helpful physical therapy modality. It also appears that many of these treatment modalities apply electrical energy that oscillates at frequencies in the audio range, i.e., from about 20 Hz to about 20,000 Hz. In general, a physical therapy machine is set to provide particular electrical signals, an these are applied to the body through electrodes or \"pads\" which are applied to the skin in various locations. Known physical therapy machines are bulky, expensive and require training and expertise to operate. For these reasons, their use is generally limited to the doctor's office or physical therapy clinic. The present invention does not provide new physical therapy modalities. Rather, it is directed to new ways to specify (prescribe) appropriate modalities for a patient, and new ways to deliver therapy, i.e. electrical energy to the patient's body in accordance with the prescribed modalities. As illustrated in the enclosed drawings, the clinician has access to a computer (PC) of the type that are in common use today, including a CD ROM drive and a \"sound card.\" Sound cards are known in the prior art for generating audio output, e.g., music, to internal or external speakers of headphones. According to one aspect of the present invention, the appropriate waveforms, amplitudes and frequencies, are specified in the personal computer and generated by the sound card in response to those specifications. However, rather than output these audio signals through speakers or headphones, the output from the sound card is directed through a novel \"interface\" via wires to electrode or pads which are applied to the patient's body for deliver of a corresponding electrical stimuli. The interface contains suitable electronics for transmitting these signals to the electrodes, and for limiting the signals so as to prevent voltage or energy levels that would be unsafe. Accordingly, one aspect of the invention is an apparatus for administering electrical physical therapy to a patient. The apparatus includes: a playback device for reading prerecorded information defining at least one electrical waveform and reproducing the waveform; an interface circuit for amplifying the resulting waveform so as to form one or more output signals; at least two

Patents 133 electrodes for applying the output signal to the skin of the patient; and a lead for interconnecting each of the electrodes to the interface circuit to convey the corresponding output signal to a respective one of the electrodes. In one example, the playback device can be a computer with a CD-ROM drive, or a portable CD-ROM player. Solid-state or semiconductor memory can be used to record the therapy data as well. The prerecorded information can include two interferential audio frequency analog signals stored on a the machine-readable medium. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06393319__ • Monitor putty with increasing stiffness Inventor(s): Gibbon; Robert M. (Fort Worth, TX) Assignee(s): JMK International, Inc. (Fort Worth, TX) Patent Number: 5,693,689 Date filed: June 7, 1995 Abstract: An exercise putty kit for providing manipulative physical therapy of increasing difficulty comprises a container (12) of a large mass (14) of borosiloxane putty and a package (16) of borosiloxane or siloxane putty. At least one small mass (18-32) is provided to the patient along with the large mass (14), the small mass and large mass being manipulated by the patient until a uniform color and stiffness are achieved in the combined mass (38). Preferably, a plurality of small masses (18-32) having a variety of colors are available for successive manipulation with the combined mass (38). The kit provides a means by which the difficulty of manipulative physical therapy may be monitored and increased. As more small masses (18-32) are added to the combined mass (38), the stiffness increases, requiring more manipulation to fully blend the masses. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates in general to therapeutic exercise putties and more particularly to a method and exercise putty kit for increasing the level of difficulty in manipulative therapy using the exercise putty. Borosiloxanes are a class of compounds which are chain-extending reaction products of polysiloxanes and boron containing compounds such as trimethyl boroxane, pyroboric acid, boric anhydride, ethyl borate, esters of boric acid and others. Their formulation is well known, and is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,541,851. Borosiloxanes have the peculiar property of exhibiting a resistance to deforming force which is proportional to the force applied to them, giving them the term \"bouncing putties.\" The property also makes them useful as a constituent of exercise putty for use in physical therapy, where enhanced flexibility, dexterity and/or strength of the hands is desired. In addition to there being no easy way for physical therapists to monitor the progress of patients with such exercise putties, addressed by color blending or dispersal in application Ser. No. 08/111,689, there is no easy way to increase the difficulty of the exercise without losing the ability to visually monitor progress. There is therefore a need for a method and exercise putty kit for increasing the difficulty of manipulative exercises without losing the ability to visually determine when the exercise is complete. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05693689__

134 Physical Therapy • Passive/active fluid exercise device Inventor(s): Barzelay; Abraham (c/o Advanced Data System Corp., 255 Spring Valley Ave., Maywood, NJ 07607) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 6,413,195 Date filed: April 10, 2001 Abstract: A passive/active hydraulic exercise device having a base portion, an upright support and a pivot bard is selectively placed in either a passive push and pull type resistance mode or an active velocity type mode. In the passive mode, a pump can be off or on during \"idling\". A solenoid valve is energized to an open position, and a servo valve sets a resistance for the fluid flow in the system. A check valve compensates for the differential areas of the cylinder. The active mode is useful for physical therapy applications. In this mode, a constant cycling operation is provided at absolute minimum force levels. The load cell senses the actual force generated, and the position feedback senses actual movement of the exercise bar. As long as the subject is providing enough force to move the bar, the feedback device confirms movement to the computer which adjusts the resistance of the electronic pressure control valve to a value which will allow the subject to continue moving the bar. This force is measured by the load cell and controlled by the servo-valve. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a passive/active fluid exercise device. More particularly, the invention relates to a passive/active fluid exercise device which includes computerized control of fluid flow through a fluid system, and includes force (resistance) and movement sensors. For purposes of this disclose, the term fluid is intended to include hydraulic fluid as well as pneumatic fluid. Exercise devices of the type having a variety of controls, sensors, and hydraulic or pneumatic arrangements, are known in the prior art. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06413195__ • Patient controlled therapy table Inventor(s): Butner; Tarry Adair (19 N. Ridge Rd., McHenry, MD 21541) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,667,529 Date filed: February 28, 1995 Abstract: The invention is a physical therapy table having moveable sections allowing the patient to be placed in different physical positions as part of an individual physical therapy regimen wherein the patient himself applies and controls extension, traction and mobilization therapy. Excerpt(s): The invention is a physical therapy table having moveable sections allowing the patient to be placed in different physical positions as part of an individual physical therapy regimen. Through the use of manually operated means, the patient, supported on the top surface of the table, moves various sections of the table without the assistance of an attending therapist. The Lorang patent U.S. Pat. No. 2,851,320 discloses a chiropractic table provided with hydraulic means allowing the entire table top surface to be moved up, down or tilted at a desired angle by the therapist (see col. 1, line 33-38). Sections of the table cannot be moved independent of one another and the patient

Patents 135 cannot operate the moving means while positioned on the table surface. The operation of the Table in the H. C. Perold U.S. Pat. No. 4,059,255 is similar to that of Lorang above in that hydraulic means are used to raise, lower or tilt the table surface. These movements cannot be made by the patient. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05667529__ • Physical therapy apparatus Inventor(s): Jensen; Michael L (454 N. 600 W., American Fork, UT 84003) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 6,045,486 Date filed: May 22, 1998 Abstract: An apparatus for physical therapy is disclosed herein. The device comprises a rectangular framework portion, including two long and two short sides, in which the long and short sides each have upper surfaces, lower surfaces, and surfaces interior and exterior to the rectangle, thus defining an interior area within said rectangle. A pair of linear cross support members, each having opposite end portions are disposed about the framework in a direction perpendicular to the length dimension of the rectangle defined by the framework. Each cross support member is attached at its opposite ends to the interior surfaces of both of said long sides of said framework, and thus defines a first inner polygon portion, a second inner polygon portion, and a third inner polygon portion within the interior area of said framework. Within the first and third polygon portions are contained miniature versions of trampolines, which comprise a sheet of fabric connected to the perimeter of the polygon by means of a plurality of springs. In the centermost polygon is located a holster means adapted for receiving a limb of a human subject, such as the foot or ankle, wherein the holster means is attached the perimeter of the centermost polygon of the framework by means of a plurality of elastomeric fasteners. The device further comprises a rail for the user to hold on to, in order to stabilize their position. A wide variety of exercises are provided by the device. New exercises not provided for in the prior art are permitted through use of the device. By the instant invention, patients may be rehabilitated quicker than when using prior art devices. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to equipment useful in the medical field for persons Undergoing physical therapy as part of a rehabilitation program following trauma or surgical procedures. More particularly, the invention concerns a device for exercising and strengthening the muscles of the legs, back, arms, torso, and neck. The device is compact in size and is capable of providing a wide variety of physical exercises of varying stress level dependent upon the needs and progress of the user. Also disclosed herein are methods for using the device. The field of physical therapy is an ancient art dating back in history to the first times when individuals suffered physical bodily injury and were nurtured back to a condition of physical fitness. Generally speaking, physical therapy consists in its simplest form as the healing and/or re-strengthening of bodily tissues which have experienced some form of damage as a result of a traumatic experience, surgical procedure, or atrophy. In modern times, a multitude of events responsible for requiring physical therapy for rejuvenation and rehabilitation of an individual are frequently encountered, including without limitation sports injuries, vehicular accidents, and surgeries. In addition to being a major inconvenience to the patients themselves, when the number of occurrences of such events are coupled with the amount of \"down time\" experienced by each patient, the annual loss to the gross

136 Physical Therapy national product (GNP) is staggering. Therefore, many attempts have been made to devise an apparatus useful for rehabilitating such afflicted individuals in a minimum amount of time and in a way which maximizes the pleasure and ease of the rehabilitation experience. Generally, it is a consideration for inventors of devices useful in physical therapy to make them as compact as possible in order to make the most efficient use of floor space available, as well as provide for the ease of portability of the devices. Examples of devices useful in physical therapy are set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,225,131; 4,564,193; 4,598,905; 4,824,100; 5,374,225; 5,533,948 5,586,962; and 5,645,510, the entire contents of all of the foregoing patents are now indicated as being expressly incorporated herein by reference thereto. These and other various devices and apparatus have been developed for therapy and comprehensive body conditioning programs, and in general such devices provide a means for resistance against which muscular effort must be applied. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06045486__ • Physical therapy device for correcting gait and balance problems Inventor(s): Padula, I; William V (8037 Bellevista Ct., Spring Hill, FL 34606-7210), Padula, III; William V (90 Bargate Tr, Killingworth, CT 06419), Padula, Od, II; William V (P.O. Box 1408, Guilford, CT 06437) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 6,135,931 Date filed: June 1, 1999 Abstract: A physical therapy device for correcting gait and balance. The device generally includes a rectangular frame having front, back, right and left sides, a vertical member extending downwardly from a center of the back side of the frame and longitudinal grips extending downwardly from intersections of the front side with each of the left and right sides. In use, the user stands within the generally rectangular frame with his forearms extending forward perpendicularly from the body and gripping the longitudinal grip members with the back side of the frame extending substantially horizontally across the shoulder blades of the user and the vertical member extending downwardly between the shoulder blades of the user. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to physical therapy devices and particularly to physical therapy devices used for correcting gait and balance problems caused by neurological dysfunction. Following neurological damage caused by a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), traumatic brain injury (TBI), cerebral palsy (CP), multiple sclerosis (MS) and others, persons will often experience neuromotor difficulties as well as visual dysfunctions which interfere with posture, balance and gait. These visual dysfunctions then have a significant detrimental effect upon the ambulation or mobility of the person. Studies have determined that visual midline shift syndrome (VMSS) as a visual syndrome will affect balance, posture and ambulation. Persons with visual midline shift syndrome will shift their concept of the visual midline of their body away from the center causing them to lean, in most cases, in the direction of the midline shift. This can cause a tendency to lean or drift when walking to the right or the left. In addition, anterior and posterior shift of the axis may cause the individual to lean forward or backward. Visual midline shift syndrome not only affects ambulation but also posture while seated. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06135931__

Patents 137 • Physiotherapy method Inventor(s): Zhang; Xue-shan (33 Woodshire Ter., Towaco, NJ 07082), Zhou; Lin (33 Woodshire Ter., Towaco, NJ 07082) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,849,026 Date filed: August 29, 1997 Abstract: The present invention relates to a radiation generating apparatus for physical therapy and a process for its manufacture. The apparatus generates a characteristic radiation spectrum to treat and effectively treat or cure diseases of the blood circulating system, skin diseases, surgical wounds, arthritis, bronchitis, asthma, functional disorders of the stomach and/or intestines, gynecological and obstetric disorders such as dysmenorrhoea, hypertension, stress and for promoting the healing of wounds. The apparatus employs a radiation generator comprising a substrate, a transducing layer and a radiation generating layer. A dual purpose radiation treatment and lighting lamp is also described. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to an apparatus for physical therapy and a process for its manufacture. The apparatus emits a characteristic energy spectrum to effectively treat and cure surface wounds and skin diseases, such as chilblains, frostbites, burns and scalds, chronic skin ulcer, and herpes; arthritis, periarthritis of the shoulder, inflammation of the cervical vertebra, contusion of soft tissue, bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma, functional disorders of the stomach and/or intestines such as diarrhea, gynecological and obstetric disorders such as dysmenorrhoea, inflammation of the vagina, hypertension, stress and for promoting the healing of wounds, and maintaining health. Presently, popular physiotherapeutic equipment in use include mainly those which employ electricity, ultrasonic wave, infrared rays, ultraviolet rays, microwave, laser beams, or heat for the treatment of various disease conditions. Many of these employ electromagnetic radiation to act on the body. For example, various types of equipment employ ultrasonic wave frequencies of 20,000 Hz or above, or infrared rays having a spectrum of between about 780 to 30,000 millimicrons, or ultraviolet rays having a spectrum of between about 180 to 300 millimicrons, or microwave energy with wavelengths of about 1 to 100 millimeters. Electrical conductance, laser beams and heat have also been employed to treat various disease conditions. These physiotherapy methods have all been beneficial in conquering pain and suffering with varying degrees of success. (1) Limited curative effects. Each physiotherapy methods can only be used to treat a limited number of disease conditions. Some common diseases, such as chilblains, frostbites, rhinitis, colds, etc., cannot be treated rapidly or effectively at all. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05849026__ • Portable tables for massage and physical therapy Inventor(s): Grady; Kevin Mark (244 Justin Morrill Memorial Hwy., Strafford, VT 05072), Tatum; Chris (1631 SW. 170th St., Newberry, FL 32669) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,974,979 Date filed: June 19, 1998

138 Physical Therapy Abstract: Portable folding tables which are particularly adapted for massage and other body therapy uses wherein each table includes two top sections which are hingedly connected at one end and which are supported by legs which are pivotally connected thereto. Each leg is reinforced by either a longitudinal pivotally folding brace, a guide assembly or a positive stop member. The legs, and reinforcing braces when used, are automatically deployed and stabilized by cable systems which extend both longitudinally and diagonally relative to the table legs. Excerpt(s): The present invention is directed to portable tables of the type which are particularly adapted for use for massage and physical therapy and which include hingedly connected top sections which are supported by pivotal leg assemblies. The leg assemblies are designed to be collapsed into a stored position beneath the top sections so that the two top sections may be folded into a compact and portable configuration. Further, the present invention is directed to cable truss systems which automatically deploy the table leg assemblies when the top sections are unfolded relative to one another and the cables thereafter positively reinforcing and stabilizing the leg assemblies while providing maximum leg clearance beneath the tables. Portable tables of the type which are utilized by massage and other body therapists not only must be lightweight to facilitate portability but also must be durable enough to provide a safe support for those receiving treatment. In this respect, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,333,638 to Gillotti, a massage worktable is disclosed which includes a reinforcing truss system incorporating cables, cords or wire ropes which connect each leg to an area adjacent a pivot joint of foldable tabletop sections with the cables extending generally parallel along each side of the table. Such a structure decreases the overall weight of the portable table, however, the truss design associated therewith is insufficient to provide adequate reinforcement to the table legs and further obstructs clearance for the practitioner beneath the table. A similar cable reinforcing structure is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,943,041 to Romein. To further increase stability of foldable massage tables, U.S. Pat No. 4,833,998 to Everett et al. discloses providing pivotable leg braces for connecting each of the legs of a table to a point adjacent a hinge joint of the top sections of the table. With the Everett et al. structure, flexible cables are utilized to secure the upper portion of the legs adjacent their pivot point to an intermediate portion of an adjacent leg brace with the cables extending beneath additional cable supports that are mounted at the mid- point of the table such that the cables extend generally parallel with respect to one another along the opposite sides of the table. The leg braces associated with the Everett et al. structure provide increased rigidity, however, the cable system, like that of the cable system disclosed in Gillotti, requires that the cables extend along each of the elongated sides of the table in such as a manner as to possibly interfere with the movement of the practitioner about the table. Further, the cable system only provides rigidity lengthwise of the table but not laterally with respect to the length. Somewhat similar structures for cable trusses are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,009,170 to Spehar, 5,524,555 to Fanuzzi, and 5,676,062 to Lloyd. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05974979__ • Pulmonary therapy device and method Inventor(s): Gordon; Gregg E. (Katonah, NY), Leban; Stanley (Islandia, NY) Assignee(s): Millennium Devices, L.L.C. (Islandia, NY) Patent Number: 6,053,879 Date filed: January 26, 1999

Patents 139 Abstract: A method and device for administering pulmonary physical therapy to a patient. The device comprises a control console comprising a sound generator for generating sounds, and a patient contact board. The control console has knobs for adjusting the frequency, wavelength, duration and volume of the sounds from the sound generator, and a power cord for connecting the control console to a power source. The patient contact board is connected to the control console. The contact board has a plurality of speakers mounted on the front face of the board and connected to said sound generator for transmitting the sounds generated by said sound generator. There is a soundproof lining along the back face of the board. The method involves holding the board to the patient's chest or having the patient lean against the board and administering low frequency sound waves to the patient's chest via the control console to loosen chest secretions. Excerpt(s): This invention relates to a method and device for administering pulmonary therapy. In particular, this invention relates to a device that administers acoustic waves to break up secretions in a patient's lungs. It is often necessary to administer pulmonary physical therapy in order to prevent atelectasis, poor pulmonary ventilation, and pneumonia. Chest percussion via \"clapping\" is often used to promote postural drainage. Clapping generates asacoustic shock waves that vibrate the lung tissue and loosen accumulated secretions. This technique has several disadvantages, however. Clapping can be very uncomfortable to the patient due to the impact of the therapist's hand or the percussor against the patient's chest. Clapping can also cause physical damage including broken ribs in predisposed patients, such as the elderly. Furthermore, this technique requires the time and energy of a skilled therapist and is consequently very expensive. It would therefore be desirable to devise an instrument that can mobilize airway secretions without pain, physical trauma to the chest wall or the expense of a trained therapist. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06053879__ • Real time, dry mechanical relaxation station and physical therapy device simulating human application of massage and wet hydrotherapy Inventor(s): Becher; James (437 Carlls Path, Deer Park, NY 11729) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 6,494,851 Date filed: April 19, 2000 Abstract: A relaxation station for inducing user relaxation includes a couch having a frame and a reclining surface attached to said frame for accommodating a user in a reclining position. The frame has a plurality of preferably pairs of massage grippers connected to and extending generally upward therefrom. These massage gripper pairs are elongated members projecting generally upward from the frame and the gripper pairs are capable of moving reciprocally between an open and a closed position to simulate finger manipulated massage. In a closed position, they cradle and contact the body or a portion thereof of a user. These massage gripper pairs having motive actuators for producing movement between said open and said closed positions, such as scissors extenders or flexible cables The massage gripper elongated members produce massage motions in at least one massage contact pad. The contact pads preferably have a temperature regulator and a dry hydrotherapy supply for enhancing the relaxation of a user and to simulate human massage.

140 Physical Therapy Excerpt(s): This application is based upon Disclosure Document No. 464469, filed Nov. 1, 1999. This invention relates to relaxation and therapeutic massage apparatuses and, more particularly, to an integrated multi-functional system housed in one ergonomically designed enclosure. The dry, mechanical system closely simulates therapeutic massage provided by manual manipulation of a human massage provider and/or a wet, water based hydrotherapy device. As the work environment and the complexity of contemporary human interaction are increasingly influenced by technologies such as the use of computers and telecommunications devices, incidences of acute stress are more prevalent. Rejuvenation of the individual through stress relief methods is frequently sought since rest alone is often inadequate to the task. The prior art has addressed stress relief with several devices, systems and methods. The prior art also includes conventional hand-provided massage by a physical therapist or masseuse. However, most simulated massage systems are harshly vibratory and dry, and can irritate injured muscles without providing significant relief, especially for persons with head and neck related injuries such as temporal mandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06494851__ • Self-retaining exercise/physical therapy device Inventor(s): Marcum; Martie S. (334 W. Huron St., Milford, MI 48281) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,816,989 Date filed: August 25, 1997 Abstract: An exercise and/or physical therapy device which has legs for self-retaining the device on a human body adjacent to the muscle to be exercised while the muscle is being exercised. Each leg is configured to adhere to the body so that the device is retained without further manual assistance to stay in the position where the user initially places it. One leg embodiment is weighted and cone-shaped with a non-skid surface. Another leg embodiment is U-shaped and bendable. The device includes a flexible, slightly arched, hollow tube containing multiple fluids having different flow characteristics when the tube is moved. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to a device for exercising and strengthening muscles of a body without straining the muscles. Healthy and injured individuals exercise muscles with the aid of supplemental devices. It has been known to use devices filled with non-gaseous, flowable material to enhance the results of exercising. For example, Johnson U.S. Pat. No. 3,756,592 issued Sep. 4, 1973, describes an exercise apparatus comprised of a hollow container partially filled with a fluent mass such as sand and having rigid handles for a user to hold while manipulating the device. Piccini U.S. Pat. No. 4,378,113 issued Mar. 29, 1983, discloses a device for warming up an athlete's wrists which includes a hollow club filled with non-gaseous flowable material, preferably water. Blome U.S. Pat. 4,659,078 issued Apr. 21, 1987, discloses an exercise device having a partially liquid-filled flexible enclosure with two handle assemblies to be gripped by hand. Carlisle U.S. Pat. No. 4,685,665 issued Aug. 11, 1987, discloses a hand exercising device constructed of thermoplastic sheet material having two chambers filled with fluid that can be shifted from one chamber to the other through a narrow passageway that is offset from the center of the device. Hull U.S. Pat. No. 4,986,535 issued Jan. 22, 1991, discloses a therapeutic and exercise device which is substantially a two-step hollow ladder partially filed with a viscous fluid and containing ballast such as ball bearings. Amesquita U.S. Pat. No. 5,244,445 discloses an exercise

Patents 141 wand including a hollow tube closed at each end and containing a plurality of movable spheres. Matthews U.S. Pat. No. 5,364,325 issued Nov. 15, 1994, discloses an exercise/physical therapy device comprised of a cell tube which may be artistically colored and which encloses a plurality of weighted spheres within a fluent material. Fischer U.S. Pat. No. 5,393,285 issued Feb. 28, 1995, describes an exercise device having a rigid body defining a chamber with at least one fluid movable within the chamber and one or more handles for gripping the device by one or two hands during exercise. The device is comprised of a flexible, slightly arched, hollow elongated tube. There are two legs attached, one at each end of the tube. The legs are mounted to the elongated tube with ball joints so the legs can adjust to conform to the configuration or shape of various portions of the user's body. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05816989__ • Staged expandable swim fin Inventor(s): Muller; Peter H. (135 Charles St., Los Gatos, CA 95032), Perry; Alan (2600 Heritage Park Cir., San Jose, CA 95132) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 6,568,975 Date filed: January 16, 2002 Abstract: An enhanced swim fin is provided comprising a flipper blade having an increased effective surface area during movement in a first direction, and a decreased effective surface area during movement in a second direction. The swim fin preferably comprises a staged opening during movement in the first direction, in which the opened flipper blade provides increased flexion as the effective surface area is increased. The swim fin preferably comprises a staged closing during movement in the second direction, in which the opened flipper blade provides decreased flexion as the effective surface area is decreased. In some embodiments of the staged swim fin, a central hinge, generally located longitudinally along the blade on the fin, provides staged opening and flexion. Various embodiments provide fin opening and closing for either forward or backward kicks. The enhanced swim fin is typically attached to a foot, such as for performance, for training, or for physical therapy. Alternate embodiments of the expandable fin blade may be attached to a hand or to an oar or paddle shaft. Excerpt(s): The invention relates to the field of athletic equipment. More particularly, the invention relates to a flipper device for aiding a swimmer. Propulsion in swimming typically involves a combination of different forces. Swimmers are propelled primarily by drag forces and assisted by some lift. There is no fixed point in the water from which a swimmer may push. To move the body forward, a swimmer moves water backwards with hands and legs. Lift forces in swimming are primarily caused by the angle of attack of the hands, legs, and feet. The force thus contributed to propulsion is explained by Newton's third law of motion, wherein for each and every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The movement of the leg and foot of a swimmer contributes significantly to the propulsion of a swimmer. As the surface of the foot is angled and moved during a kick, the water it encounters is deflected and forced away. Friction causes the leg and foot movements to slow, as the force of the kick is imparted to the water. A force or pressure is thus created that acts upon the surfaces of the leg and foot in an equal and opposite direction. This pressure produces the main force in swimming that propels the body forward.

142 Physical Therapy Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06568975__ • Stretch machine for physical therapy Inventor(s): Neveux; Patrick (1102 Republic Ct., Pompano Beach, FL 33073-1849) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,762,592 Date filed: August 29, 1996 Abstract: A leg multi-muscle stretch apparatus for physical therapy includes a foot carriage mounted to a carriage guide track and permitting the foot carriage to move back and forth along a carriage path, for therapeutically stretching a user foot and user leg with reciprocating motion, and a user support structure pivotally connected the carriage track. The apparatus preferably additionally includes user handle grips, and two elongate arm members pivotally connected to the carriage guide track, where the handle grips are connected to the elongate arm members. The user support structure preferably includes a platform structure including two parallel and laterally spaced apart beam members and a planar web member extending between and supported by the beam members. The apparatus preferably additionally includes two cable and cable pulley mechanisms, each including a series of cables forming a cable loop extending along the user support structure, along the carriage guide track and along the arm members, and then back to the user support structure, and a series of pulleys rotatably mounted to the user support structure and to the carriage guide track for guiding the cable loop, the cable loop being connected to the foot carriage to reciprocate with the foot carriage. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates generally to the field of physical therapy administering equipment. More specifically, the present invention relates to a leg stretch apparatus which provides a user body supporting frame made up of several frame portions. The frame portions are pivotally inter-connected to permit reconfiguration of the frame to position the user body in any of several specific stretch poses, while presenting a slidable foot carriage for guiding a user leg in a series of reciprocating leg movements. The apparatus includes a torso support platform on which the user rests his or her chest or back for various stretch poses. Pivotally extending from a first end of the support platform is a foot carriage track made up of two parallel and laterally spaced apart guide rails on which a reciprocatable foot carriage rides. A pair of elongate tubular arm members pivotally extend from the carriage track opposite the support platform. Each arm member has a pivoting handle and grip structure at its free ends. A cable loop formed of an interconnected series of cables extends along the platform, along the carriage guide track and along the arm members, and then back to said user support platform. A series of pulleys are rotatably mounted to the platform, the guide track and arm members for guiding the cable loop. The cable loop is connected to the foot carriage to reciprocate with the foot carriage. There have long been physical therapy devices for working various parts of the human body to help gain back full movement following an injury or in response to some other ailment. There are, for example, well-designed leg stretching. Yet there has been an absence of leg stretch devices which are well suited to the requirements of physical therapy with multi configuration capability. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05762592__