Thomas john

awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 1

Mangala Yathrakal - 2020 Mr. Thomas John First Edition - Loveson Antony Cover Designing Diya Thomas D.T.P. & Lay Out - Aksa Graphics Printed at Kumaranalloor Kottayam Mob : 9526270425 - Southern Printing House Kottayam Mob : 9349501892 Copy Reserved to the Author awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 2

awK-e-bm-{X-Iƒ awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 3

tXmakv tPm¨ 1950˛Pq¨ H∂n\\v tIm´-bØv P\\n-®p. sk‚ v tPmk^vkv kvIqƒ, Fw.-‰n.-sk-an-\\mcn kvIqƒ, kn.- Fw.- Fk- .v tImtfP- ,v Un.- F.- hn.- tImt- fPv Im¨]qcv F∂nh- nS- ß- f- n¬ hnZym`ymk- w. tIm´b- Øv imk{v Xn tdmUn¬ hn.- sF. ]n tÃmdqw, t_°¿ PwKjv \\- n¬ t_°d- nbpw \\SØ- p∂- p. `mcy ˛ do\\ ˛ dn´t- b¿Uv A≤ym]- nI _n.k- n.Fw tImtfPv a°ƒ ˛ Nn{X, {]oX, Znb hnemkw ˛ awKe- t- Ø´v samss_¬ ˛ Fk.v F- ®- .v a- u≠v tIm´bw ˛ 686006 +91 9946665945 Email : [email protected] awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 4

ka¿∏Ww Fs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°pw ktlm-Z-c¿°pw tPm¨ awK-e-tØ´v a¿K-coØ amXyp tPm¨ F¬kΩ amXyp awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 5

BapJw tXmakv tPm¨ Fs‚ 70˛mw P∑Zn\\tØmSv A\\p_‘n®v Hcp ]pkvXIw {]kn≤oIcn°phm≥ km[n®Xn¬ F\\n°v AXnbmb kt¥mjap≠v. XncplrZb°p∂v tZhmebØns‚ ]mcnjv _p≈‰n≥ kvt\\lZqXn¬ 2010 apX¬ {]kn≤oIcn®ncp∂ Fs‚ teJ\\ßfmWv {][m\\ambpw Cu ]pkvXIØn¬ Dƒs∏SpØn bncn°p∂Xv. C≥Uy-bnepw hntZ-i-ß-fnepw Rm≥ \\S-Ønb bm{Xm A\\p`h-ßfpw F\\n°v Pohn-X-Øn¬ t\\cn-tS-≠n-h∂ ]e kp{]- [m\\ kw`-h-ßfpw CXn¬ tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. do\\ 2010 ¬ _n.kn.Fw tImtfPn¬ \\n∂pw hncan®Xn\\v tijamWv Km\\߃ FgpXn XpSßnbXv. hnhml hm¿jnIw, bm{Xbb∏v, Pq_nen XpSßnb ]e hnjbßfnepw Km\\߃ cNn°pIbpw thZnIfn¬ Be]n°pIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v. do\\mbpsS sXcs™SpØ GXm\\pw Km\\ßfpw CXn¬ tN¿Øn´p≠v. RßfpsS aq∂v a°fpsSbpw sIm®p-a-°-fp-sSbpw teJ\\ßfpw, 2018 ¬ Rm≥ h\\nXbn¬ FgpXnb teJ\\hpw CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. RßfpsS Cu IgnhpIsf t{]m’mln ∏n°pIbpw A`n\\μn°pIbpw sNøp∂ F√m IpSpw_mwK߃°pw, kplrØp°ƒ°pw \\μn A¿∏n®psIm≠v Cu IpSpw_hncp∂v \\n߃°mbn ka¿∏n°p∂p. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 6

Ah-Xm-cnI IpSpw_hncp∂v amXyp {]m¬ bm{XIƒ A\\p`hhpw AdnhpamWv. hnhn[ßfmb kwkvIrXnIfntebv°p≈ k©mc tijw, ]pds∏´ bm{XnIs\\b√ ]ns∂ \\mw ImWp∂Xv. H∂pIqSn hnime ho£Wap≈ as‰mcp a\\pjys\\bmWv \\mw ]cnNb∏Sp∂Xv. Aßs\\ _mlyk©mcw B¥cnI k©mcambn amdpIbmWv. tXmakv tPm¨ awKetØ´v, C∂v ]gb bphmh√, \\nch[n bm{XIƒ°p tijap≈ ]cn]IzkØ\\mb ⁄m\\ hr≤\\mbn cq]m¥cs∏´Xns‚ ASbmf ka¿∏WamWv Cu IrXn. tIm´bw hn´v C¥ybv°ItØbv°pw ]pdtØ°pw `mcys°m∏w As√¶n¬ _‘p°ƒ, kplrØp°ƒs°m∏w At±lw bm{X t]mbXns‚ hntijßfpw hntijWßfpamWv Cu cN\\. AhkcßfpsS \\mSmb Atacn°≥ sFIy\\mSp Ifntebv°v, tbiphns‚ ]mZap{ZIƒ ]Xn™ Henhp acßfpsS \\m´ntebv°v, ]ucmWnI ]nc-anUpIfpsS A¤pX Imgv® Ifnteb°v, 115 Zzo] kaqlßfpsS tI{μ_nμphmb kosj¬kv F∂ hnkvabØntebv°v, kzn‰vk¿e≥Uv, C‰en, tdmw XpSßnb Ncn{Xkpμc{]tZißfntebv°v, kvtIm¿´ve≥Uv, Cw•≠v XpSßnb bqtdm]y≥ cmPyßfpsS ]®bmb ]p¬∏pdßfnte°v Xpd∂ a\\ pw hnS¿∂ IÆpIfpambn tXmakvIp´n k©cn®Xns‚ tcJmNn{X߃ A\\phmNI¿°v hmb\\mkpJw \\¬Ip∂p≠v. cmPÿm\\ntebv°pw, cmtaizctØbv°pw ]dºn °pftØbv°pw, lnahms‚ aSnØ´nep≈ Imivao¿, lcnZzm¿, EjntIiv, akqdn, Um¿PenwKv XpSßnb Ipfn¿tZißfntebv°pw bm{X t]mbXns‚ A\\p`hhntij߃ {KŸImc≥ khntijambn Bhnjv°cn®n´p≠v. bm{XIƒ IqSmsX Nne awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 7

Hm¿ΩIfpw Nn¥Ifpw At±lw FSpsØgpXp∂p≠v. acWhpambp≈ IqSn°mgvNbpsS c≠p A\\p`h߃, H∂v ]dºn°pfsØ h\\m¥cØn¬ Ccp´n¬ H‰s∏´Xv, as‰m∂v Po∏n¬ {]fbØn¬ AIs∏´Xv, DtZzKa\\t msStb \\mw hmbn°p. tXmakv tPmWns‚ kl[¿ΩnWn do\\, Hmtcm hntijmhkcßfn¬ FgpXnb Imhykv]¿iap≈ ]m´pIƒ CXn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbn´p≠v. IqSmsX ChcpsS {]nb a°ƒ Nn{X-bpw, {]oXbpw, Znbmbpw, sIm®p-a-°fpw AhcpsS cN\\IfneqsS CXn¬ ]¶mfnIfmhp∂p≠v, tUm.t]mƒ Iem\\n[nbpsS BflIY sb°pdn®p≈ ZnbmbpsS hnhcWw AXnse Cw•ojp`mjm ssiensIm≠pIqSn {it≤bamWv. Hc¿∞Øn¬ Cu IrXn Hcp IpSpw_ImcyamWv. A∏\\pw AΩbpw a°fpw H∂n®ncn°p∂ Hcp hncp∂ptaibntebv°v Ah¿ ]mIs∏SpØnb hninjvS hn`h߃ cpNn°phm≥ \\sΩbpw Ah¿ kvt\\l]q¿Δw £Wn°p∂p. sN√pI, Ccn°pI, Chscmcp°nb ck°q´pIƒ cpNn°pI, Xr]vXcmhpI, \\μn]dbpI. Rm\\pw £Wn°p∂p {]nbhmb\\°mtc, \\nßfpwIqSn IqsS hcnI, Cu IpSpw_hncp∂ntebv°v. tXmakv tPm¨ awKetØ´n\\pw, IpSpw_Øn\\pw A`n\\μ\\߃ t\\cp∂p. tIm´bw am¿®v, 2020 awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 8

kvtIm´ve≥Un¬ Hcp s]klmImew 2011 G{]n¬ amkw Rm\\pw do\\bpw RßfpsS c≠masØ aIƒ {]oXsbbpw IpSpw_sØbpw kμ¿in°p∂Xn\\mbn Atacn°bntebv°v t]mIp∂ hgn 2 BgvN°mew Cw•≠nepw, kvtIm´ve≥Unep-ambn Nnehgn°pIbp≠mbn. s\\Spºmt»cn hnam\\ØmhfØn¬ \\n∂pw Rßsf bm{Xbm°m≥ apØaIƒ Nn{Xbpw IpSpw_hpw h∂n-cp∂p. e≠\\nse lot{Xm hnam\\ØmhfØn¬ Rßsf kzoIcn°phm≥ do\\bpsS ktlmZco]p{X≥ tPmWn FØnbncp∂p. tPmWn A∂v AhnsS Cambridge bqWnthgvkn‰nbn¬ F©n\\obdnwKn¬ amtÃgvkv sNøpIbmbncp∂p. AhnsS \\n∂pw R߃ SmIvknbn¬ Ahs‚ Xmak ÿetØbv°v t]mbn. ASpØ Znhkw Hmim\\ Rmb¿ Bbncp∂p. R߃ cmhnse Ip¿∫m\\bv°v ASpØp≈ ]ffnbn¬ t]mbn. ChnsS e`n°mdpff IpcptØmebv°v ]Icw AhnsS FÆ∏\\bpsS (Palm Tree) bpsS CebmWv hnXcWw sNøp∂Xv. AXmbncn°mw Hmim\\ Rmbdn\\v Palm Sunday F∂v ]dbp∂Xv. tbiphns\\ Pdpktew tZhmebØntebv°v Henhv HmeIƒ ssII-fn¬ hoinbpw hgnbn¬hncn®pw blpZ P\\X FXntc‰Xns‚ Hm¿ΩbmWt√m Hmim\\Xncp\\mƒ. Xn¶fmgN cmhnse Rm\\pw do\\bpw _kn¬ Hcp _‘phns\\ ImWp∂Xn\\mbn “Bristol”F∂ ÿetØ°v t]mbn. FItZiw 3 aWn°p¿ bm{Xbp≠v. AhnsS D®`£Ww Ign™v Newport ¬ ÿncXmakam°nb Fs‚ ]nXyktlmZcs‚ aIƒ an\\phns‚ hkXnbnte°v t]mbn. ISpØpcpØn ap≥ Fw.F¬.F ]n. kn. tXmakns‚ aI≥ _nPphmWv an\\phns‚ `¿Ømh.v AhnsS awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 9

R߃ Hcp I¬°cnJ\\n kμ¿in®p. `q\\nc∏n¬ \\n∂pw At\\Iw ASn XmsgbmWv J\\n. Ct∏mƒ CXv {]h¿Ø\\ clnXamsW¶nepw Ah¿ Hcp hnt\\mZ k©mctI{μambn D]tbmKn°p∂p. _p[\\mgvN AhnsS \\n∂pw hnam\\am¿§w kvtIm´ve≥Unse {][m\\ \\Kcamb FUn≥_tdmbnte°v t]mbn. AhnsS Rßsf kzoIcn°phm≥ Fs‚ ktlmZc≥ aØmbn°p™ns‚ aIƒ tcWphpw IpSpw_hpw D≠mbncp∂p. tcWphns‚ `¿Ømhv Unep (Dilu) bqWnthgvkn‰nbn¬ ]n.F®v.Un sNøpIbmbncp∂p. G{]n¬ 21 s]klmhymgmgvN Bbncp∂p. cmhnse R߃ AhnSsØ sIm´mchpw, kn‰nbpw kμ¿in®p. sshIn´v 6 aWnbv°v F√mhcpw IpSn aebmfw Ip¿∫m\\b°v t]mbn. ]ffnbn¬ tIcfØns‚ \\m\\m`mKØp \\n∂pw Dff \\nch[n BfpIƒ D≠mbncp∂p. F√mhcpw Xs∂ sNdp∏°m¿ Bbncp∂p. CSp°n kztZin Bbncp∂p AhnSsØ hnImcnb®≥. Ip¿∫m\\ at≤y Im¬IgpI¬ ip{iqjbv°pffhcpsS t]cv hmbn®t∏mƒ Fs‚ t]cpw D≠mbncp∂p. At∏mfmWv Unep Fs‚ t]cv sImSpØ hnhcw Adnbp∂Xv. XncplyZb°p∂v tZhmebØn¬ ]e XhW CXn¬ ]s¶SpØn´pffXn\\m¬ F\\n°v {]bmkw H∂pw tXm∂nbn√. 22˛mw hbkn¬ BZyambn Im¬IgpI¬ NSßn¬ ]s¶SpØXv DØ¿{]tZinse Im¨]qcn¬ MSc °v ]Tn°ptºmgmbncp∂p. Ip¿∫m\\bv°v tijw A∏w apdn°en\\mbn F√mhcpw ASpØpff lmfnte°v t]mIphm≥ Adnbn®p. AhnsS BfpIƒ ho´n¬ \\n∂pw ]mNIw sNbvXp sIm≠ph∂ A∏hpw ]mepw Xbmdm°n sh®ncp∂p. At∏mƒ hnImcnb®s‚ Adnbn∏v D≠mbn. \\ΩpsS \\m´n¬ \\n∂pw s]klm BNcWØns‚ `mKambn ]ecpsSbpw c£nXm°ƒ FØnbn´p≠v. AhcpsS {]Xn\\n[nbmbn tIm´bØp \\n∂v FØnbn´pff tXmakv tN´≥ A∏w apdn°p∂Xpw hnXcWw sNøp∂Xpw Bbncn°pw. Rm≥ H´pw {]Xo£n°mØ Hcp Adnbn∏v Bbncp∂p AXv. A∏w \\ncØn sh®ncp∂ taibpsS ASpØv sN∂v F√mhtcmSpambn c≠v hm°v kwkmcn®p. “kz¿§ÿ\\mb ]nXmth” F∂ {]m¿∞\\ sNm√n A∏w apdn®v F√mh¿°pw hnXcWw sNbvXp. C≥Uybv°v shfnbn¬ Cßs\\ Hchkcw e`n®Xn\\v Rm≥ ssZhØn\\v \\μn ]d™p. shffnbmgvNbpw, i\\nbmgvNbpw ]ffnbnse XncpI¿Ωßfn¬ ]s¶SpØp. Iøn¬ ]m\\]pkvXIw awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 10

IcpXnbncp∂Xn\\m¬ Zp:J shffnbmgvNIfn¬ ]Xnhmbn ktlmZcßfpsamØv ho´n¬ \\SØmdpff ]m\\hmb\\ AhnsSbpw \\SØphm≥ km[n®p. Cuÿ RmbdmgvN R߃ Hcp kvtIm´ojv tZhmebØnemWv t]mbXv. AhnsS hnip≤ Ip¿_m\\b°v XncpthmkvXn°v ]Icw henb “_¨” BWv \\¬Ip∂Xv. Hcp _Æn¬ \\n∂v 10˛12 t]¿ kzev]w apdns®SpØp Ign°p∂p. AXpw Hcp ]pXnb A\\p`hambncp∂p. AhnsS aebmfnIƒ Bcpw Xs∂ C√mbncp∂p. D®°v tcWp Xømdm°nb hn`h kay≤amb `£WwIgn®v kt¥mjambn Cuÿ BtLmjn®p. Xn¶fmgvN AhnsS s]mXp Ah[nbmWv. Easter Monday F∂mWv ]dbp∂X.v A∂v cmhnse R߃ Cw•≠nse sNÿ^o¬Un¬ Xmakam°nb Fs‚ ktlmZcn F¬kΩbpsS ]p{X≥ tUmIvS¿ sd©nsbbpw `mcy ‘anen’sbbpw ImWp∂Xn\\mbn s{Sbn\\n¬ ]pds∏´p. GItZiw 5 aWn°p¿ bm{Xbp≠v. Ah[n Znhkambncp∂Xn\\m¬ h≠n Gsd°psd hnP\\ambncp∂p. anen tÃj\\n¬ FØnbncp∂p. ap∂v Znhkw AhnsS Xmakn®v sd©n tPmen sNøp∂ Bip]{Xnbpw, sIm´mchpw, tZhmebhpw kμ¿in®v ho≠pw R߃ e≠\\nteb°v t]mbn. AhnsS tPmWnbpsS amXm]nXm°ƒ tcWphpw t_m_nbpw Ahs‚ _ncpZZm\\ NSßn\\mbn FØnbncp∂p. R߃ F√mhcpw IpSn GXm\\pw Znhkw AhnsS Nnehgn®p. B kabØmbncp∂p Nmƒkv cmPIpamcs‚bpw Ubm\\bpsSbpw aI≥ hn√yans‚ hnhmlw. hnhm- l-Øns‚ XteZnhkw R߃ s_°nßvlmw sIm´mchpw kao]{]tZißfpw ImWphm≥ t]mbn. hnhml tijw tZhmebØn¬\\n∂pw sIm´mcØntebv°v cmPIpamc\\pw `mcybpw BKXcmIp∂Xv ImWphm≥ c≠v Znhkw ap≥]v Xs∂ BfpIƒ sS‚ v sI´n ImØpInS°p∂Xpw I≠p. i\\nbmgvN R߃ F√mhcpw IpSn tPmWnbpsS _ncpZZm\\ NSßn\\mbn Cambridge bqWnthgvkn‰nbnte°v t]mbn. hnhn[ hnjbßfn¬ _ncpZw t\\Snbh¿ AhcpsS hIp∏v ta[mhnbpsS t\\XrXzØn¬ {]tXyI thj߃ AWn™p hcp∂Xpw sshkv Nm≥kedn¬ \\n∂pw ap´pIpØn\\n∂v _ncpZ k¿´n^n°‰v hmßp∂Xpw Hcp {]uVKw`oc ImgvNbmbncp∂p. RmbdmgvN F√mhtcmSpw bm{X ]d™v Atacn°bnse t\\m¿Øv Itcmeo\\bnteb°v R߃ bm{X Xncn®p. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 11

tZhmebßfpsS \\mSv 2012 \\hw_¿amkw Rm≥ `mcy do\\bpsamØv Atacn°bnte°v t]mb hgn c≠mgvN bqtdm∏n¬ Nnehgn®p. AhnsS Fs∂ IqSpX¬ BI¿jn®Xv C‰enbpw AhnSsØ tZhmebßfpamWv. kzn‰vk¿e≥Un¬\\n∂v C‰enbpsS Xeÿm\\amb tdmante°v bm{XsNbvX AhkcØn¬ AhnSsØ G‰hpw {][m\\s∏´ \\Kcamb anem≥ kμ¿in®p. anem≥ _ken° F.Un.1386 ¬ \\n¿ΩmWw Bcw`n® Cu tZhmebw 1812 ¬ {]kn≤\\mb N{Ih¿Øn s\\t∏mfnb≥ t_mW∏m¿´mWv ]q¿Øo Icn®Xv. Cu tZhmebØn\\v AIØpw ]pdØpambn hnhn[ hen∏Ønepff GItZiw 3000 cq]߃ ÿm]n®n´p≠v. ]cnip≤ I\\yImadnbØns‚ \\maØn¬ tKmØnIv amXrIbn¬ am¿_nƒ I√pIfm¬ \\n¿Ωn®XmWv Cu tZhmebw. GItZiw 600 h¿j߃sIm≠v ]q¿Ønbm°nb Cu tZhmebØn\\v hep∏Øn¬ C‰enbn¬ H∂mw ÿm\\hpw temIØn¬ 5˛mw ÿm\\hpap≠v. anem\\n¬\\n∂v 600 In. ao‰¿ AIsebpff tdmante°v bqtdmÃm¿ F∂ AXnthK Xoh≠nbn¬ shdpw 3 aWn°p¿ sIm≠v FØntN¿∂p. AhnsS I\\ymkv{XoIƒ \\SØp∂ Hcp ÿm]\\ØnemWv R߃ Xmakn®Xv. tdman¬ R߃ BZyw kμ¿in®Xv temIØnse G‰hpw {][m\\s∏´Xpw hepXpamb hØn°m≥ ayqknbamWv. 18˛mw \\q‰m≠nse 2 am¿∏m∏mamcpsS ImeØmWv CXv \\n¿Ωn®Xv. ayqknbw kμ¿i\\Øn\\pff ]mkpIƒ Hm¨sse\\n¬ FSp°msX sN∂m¬ hfsc kabw Iyq \\nevt°≠Xmbn hcpw. 2011 ¬ 50 e£w P\\߃ kμ¿in® ChnsS temIØnse G‰hpw {][m\\s∏´ ]e sImØp ]WnIfpw, s]bn‚nwKpIfpw ImWphm≥ km[n°pw. ChnsS G‰hpw {][m\\s∏´Xv “Sistine Chapel” BWv. CXns‚ koenwKv apgph≥ temI{]ikvXcmb ssa°nƒ B©ntembpsSbpw, dmt^ens‚bpw FÆa‰ s]bns‚nwKpIfm¬ AewIrXamWv. St.Peters _ken°bmWv R߃ D®Ign™v kμ¿in®Xv. temIØnse G‰hpw henb tZhmebßfn¬ H∂mb CXv ItØmen°k`bpsS awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 12

am{Xa√ temIØnse {InkvXym\\nIfpsS Xs∂ G‰hpw {][m\\s∏´Xpw ]cn≤hpamb Hcp tZhmebamWv. A.D 1506 ¬ \\n¿ΩmWw Bcw`n® Cu tZhmembw 1626 ¬ BWv ]q¿ØnbmbXv. hnip≤ ]t{Xmkns‚ ihIpSocw ChnsSsØ {][m\\ AƒØmcbpsS Xmsg ÿnXnsNøp∂p. F√m h¿jhpw 15000 apX¬ 80000 hsc `‡P\\߃ ]s¶Sp°p∂ ]e Znhy_enIfnepw am¿∏m∏bmWv apJy Im¿ΩnI≥. hmgvØs∏´h\\mbn {]Jym]n°s∏´ tPm¨t]mƒ c≠mas‚ ihIpSochpw ChnsS ImWmw. ssa°nƒ B≥Pntem, dmt^¬, temd≥tkm_¿\\n\\n XpSßnb temI {]ikvXcmWv CXns‚ inev]nIƒ. F√m _p[\\mgvNbpw cmhnse 10.30 apX¬ 12 aWn hsc am¿∏m∏bpsS Z¿i\\w AhnsS D≠v. temIØns‚ \\m\\m`mKßfn¬\\n∂pw FØp∂ P\\߃ AhcpsS cmPyØns‚ ]XmIbpw ]m´psams° Bbn AhnsS cmhnse F´papX¬ ImØncn°p∂p. s_\\U- nIv 16˛mw am¿∏m-∏-bpsS ktμiw C‰menb≥ `mjbnembn-cp-∂p. R߃ kμ¿in® Znhkw 3 hnhml߃ AhnsS \\S∂p. amXmhns‚ kz¿§mtcm]Ww hnizmk kXyambn 12˛mw ]obqkv am¿∏m∏ {]Jym]n® AhkcØn¬ AhnsS k∂nlnX\\mbncp∂ _nj∏v tXmakv Xdbnens‚ t]cv hØn°m≥ _ken°bnse am¿_nƒ `nØnbn¬ tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≠v. tdman¬ hnhn[ aXßfnepffhcpsS 900 tZmhmeb߃ D≠v. tdmanse G‰hpw ]pcmX\\ tZhmebamb sk‚ v tPm¨kv _ken° Bbncw h¿jßtfmfw t]m∏ns‚ Bÿm\\ambncp∂p. tdmanse _nj∏ns‚ IØo{U¬ tZhmebambXn\\m¬ sk‚ v ]ot‰gvkv _ken° Dƒs∏sS F√m tZhmebßfnepw ap∂nembn H∂mw ÿm\\amWv CXn\\v DffXv. ]nemtØmkns‚ sIm´mcØnte°v ]SbmfnIƒ tbip-hns\\ hnNm-cW sNøp∂Xn\\v sIm≠p-t]m-b- t∏mƒ Ib-dnb ]S-hpIƒ Pdpktean¬\\n∂v sIm≠ph∂v _ken°bpsS kao]Øpff Nm∏en¬ ÿm]n®n´p≠v. hnizmknIƒ B ]ShpIƒ \\o¥n°bdp∂p. tbip{InkvXphns‚ Iøn¬ Xd® HcmWnbpw, apƒapSnbnse Hcp apffpw _ken°bn¬ kq£n®n´p≠v. 4 {][m\\ _ken°Ifn¬ H∂mb sk‚ v t]mƒkv _ken° ]utemkv «olbpsS arXicocw AS°nb ÿeØmWv \\n¿Ωn®ncn°p∂Xv. 1823 ¬ Hcp Xo]nSpØØn¬ CXv Gsd°psd ]q¿Æambn \\ins®¶nepw 1855 ¬ ]p\\¿\\n¿ΩmWw \\SØn, 9˛mw awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 13

]obpkv am¿∏m∏bpsSbpw 50 I¿±n\\mƒamcpsSbpw km∂n≤yØn¬ ho≠pw IqZmisNbvXp. acnb- ≥ tZhmebßfn¬ G‰hpw {][m\\s∏´ sk‚ v tacokv _ken° F.Un 432 ¬ BWv \\n¿Ωn®Xv. BKÃv amkØnse ISpØ th\\en¬ Hcp XhW a™ps]bvXXpsIm≠v a™pamXmhns‚ ]ffn F∂pw Adnbs∏Sp∂p. ChnsS 6 am¿∏m∏mam¿ A¥yhn{iaw sImffp∂p. tdmanse sImtfmknbØn\\v kao]w 5˛mw \\q‰m≠n¬ \\n¿Ωn® tZhmebØn¬ ]t{Xmkv «olmsb XShn¬ C´ncp∂ Nße kq£n®ncn°p∂p.ssa°nƒ B©ntem shffam¿_nfn¬ \\n¿Ωn® tamibpsS Hcp henb {]Xna ChnsS D≠v. ]mZph˛ hnip≤ At¥mWokv ]pWyhms‚ acWØn\\p tijw Hcph¿jw Ign™v FUn˛ 1232 ¬ ]mZphbn¬ _ken° \\n¿ΩmWw Bcw`n®v 1301 ¬ ]q¿Ønbm°n. Znhtk\\ At\\Iw hnizmknIƒ kμ¿i\\w \\SØp∂ ChnsS At±lØns‚ arXtZlw AS°w sNbvXncn°p∂p. bqtdm∏nse an° tZhmebßfnepw FgpXnbncn°p∂ Hcp hmNIw....... “Silence, Decent Dress- No Photography”. ChnsS F√mw t]mIphm≥ km[n®Xv Hcp henb `mKyambn R߃ IcpXp∂p. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 14

ssZhm-\\p-`hw Fs‚ Pohn-X-Øn-¬ 1978 Pqsse 11 sNmΔ. A∂v Rßf- psS {]Ya hnhmlh- m¿jn- I-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-lr-Z-b-°p∂v tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ 6.45 \\v D≈ Znhy-_- en-bn¬ ]s¶-SpØv ho´n¬ Xncn-®p-h-∂p. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒs°m∏w Xd- hm-´n-em-bn-cp∂p Xma-kw. A°m-eØv tIm´bw ssh.-Fw.-kn.-F-bpsS B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ ao\\-®n-em-‰n¬ Fen-∏p-en-Im´v IS-hn¬ \\o¥¬ ]cn-io-e\\w \\¬Ip- ∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ho´n¬\\n∂v 5 ao\\n‰v \\S-∂m¬ \\mK-ºSw B‰p-I-S- hn¬ FØm-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw ho´n¬ B¿°pw \\o¥¬ Adn-b-Øn- √m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\\m¬ \\o¥¬ Fß-s\\bpw ]Tn-°-W-sa∂ B{K- l-Øn¬ Rm\\pw ]cn-io-e-\\-Øn\\v GXm\\pw Znh-k-ß-fm-bn´v t]mIp- ∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A∂pw cmhnse 8 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Po∏n¬ \\o¥¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-I-S-hn-te°v t]mbn. c≠p Znh-k-am-bn´v kmam\\yw \\√ ag D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sdbn¬th KpUvsj-Uv tdmUn-eqsS ]ymcn Iº- \\n-bpsS hi-Øp-IqSn CS-tØm-´p≈ hgn-bn-eqsS sN∂m¬ B‰vXo- cØv FØmw. AhnsS \\n∂v he-tØm´v Xncn™v Bdns‚ Xoc-Øp- Iq-Sn-bmWv IS-hn-te°v t]mIp-∂-Xv. ]Xn-hp-t]mse Rm≥ B hgn- bn-eqsS \\oßn. hgn-bn¬ sh≈w Ib-dn-bn-´p-≠v. kmh-[m\\w h≠n apt∂m´v HmSn-®p. sh≈w IqSn-Iq-Sn-h-∂p. Po∏ns‚ Nhn-´p-]-Sn-bpsS apIf- n¬ sh≈a- mb- n. h≠n ]pdt- Im´v HmSn®v Xncn®- pt- ]mb- mtem F∂p hnNm-cn-®p. Xncn-™p-t\\m-°n-b-t∏mƒ, Rm≥ t]Sn-®p-t]m-bn. CS-Øp- hi- Øv IcI- h- ns- ™mg- pI- p∂ \\Zn. hgnbpw Bdpw Xncn®- d- nb- m≥ ]‰m- Ø-hn[w F√m-bn-SØpw sh≈w. he-Xp-h-iØv Iºn-then sI´n-bn- cn-°p∂ ]pc-bn-Sw. Ahn-sSbpw sh≈w Ib-dn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]pd- tIm´v HmSn-®m¬, Aev]w ]ng-®m¬ Po∏v B‰n¬ hogpw. Rm≥ c≠pw- I-ev]n®v h≠n apt∂m-´p-Xs∂ HmSn-®p. sh≈w h≠n-°-IØv Ib-dn. Rm≥ Ccn-°p∂ ko‰ns‚ apI-fn¬ sh≈w Ib-dn-°-gn-™n- cp-∂p. ap≠pw j¿´pw F√mw \\\\-™n-cp-∂p. Ipd-®p-IqSn apt∂m´v t]mbm¬ he-tØm´v Xncn™v F.-B¿. Iymºns‚ kao-]-Øp≈ tdmUn-eqsS Xncn-®p-h-cmw. ]t£ Hcp sNdnb Cd°w Ign™ DS- s\\-bmWv he-tØ-°p≈ hgn. Rm≥ AhnsS FØn-b-t∏mƒ sh≈w Fs‚ Igp-Øns‚ H∏-am-bn. h≠n \\n∂p-t]m-bn. tImcn-sNm-cn-bp∂ awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 15

ag. Hcp a\\pjyPohnsb-t∏mepw Ahn-sSßpw ImWm-\\n-√. Rm≥ Po∏n¬\\n∂pw ]pd-Øp-Nm-Sn. Fs‚ Xe-bv°p-ap-I-fn¬ sh≈-am-bn-cp- ∂p. sh≈-Øn¬ XmWp-t]m-bm¬ ]pdw-temIw Adn-bp-I-t]m-ep- an-√. BsI aq∂p-Zn-h-ksØ \\o¥¬ ]cn-io-e-\\-amWv In´n-bn-cp- ∂-Xv. k¿Δ i‡nbpw kw`-cn®v Fß-s\\-sbm-s°tbm \\o¥n-Øp- Sn®v ssZhm\\p{K-l-Øm¬ Ic-bn¬ Ib-dn. Rm≥ icoc-am-k-Iew \\\\™v sXm´-Sp-Øp≈ hncp-Øn-∏-S-hnse ho´n¬sN∂v kw`-hn-®- sX√mw ]d-™p. Ah¿°v Rß-fpsS A®m-bs\\ \\√ ]cn-N-b-am-bn- cp-∂p. Po∏v Hgp-In-t∏m-bn-°m-Wp-sa∂v kwi-bn®v R߃ sN∂p- t\\m-°n-b-t∏mƒ Po∏ns‚ apI-fn-ep≈ ]Sp-X-am{Xw ImWmw. Ah¿°v FtÃ-‰n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Hcp s]t{SmƒPo∏v D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B Po∏n¬ hSw-sI´n Rß-fpsS Po∏v hen®v Ic-bn¬ Ib-‰n. Fs‚ H∂mw hnhm-l-hm¿jn-I-Øn¬Xs∂ Xo¿®-bmbpw acWw kw`-hn-°m-am-bn-cp∂ Hcp A]-I-S-Øn¬\\n∂pw Cutim-bpsS Xncp-lr-Zbw Fs∂ c£n-®p. \\o¥¬]-cn-io-e\\w A∂p-Xs∂ Ah- km\\- n∏- n®- p. h¿jß- ƒ°pa- p≥]v \\S∂ Cu kw`hw Ct∏mƒt]mepw Hcp sR´-tem-SpIqSn am{X-amWv Rm≥ Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xv. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 16

hniz-kn-®mepw Cs√-¶nepw 2010 sabvamkw 17-˛mw XnbXn Xn¶-fmgvN F\\n°v D≠mb Hcp {]tXyI A\\p-`hw Rm≥ hmb-\\-°m-cp-ambn ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂p. Rm\\pw `mcybpw IqSn 15 \\v sshIn´p≈ s{Sbn-\\n¬ sNs∂- bn-te°v bm{X-bm-bn. 16 \\v cmhnse AhnsS FØn tlm´-en¬ apdn- sb-SpØv Xma-kn-®p. sshIp-t∂cw ]≈n-bnepw kn‰n-bnepw t]mb- Xn-\\p-tijw AØm-gw-I-gn™v ]Øp-a-Wn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Dd-ßn. AXn- \\p-tijw F\\n°v Hm¿Ω-h-cp-tºmƒ Xn¶-fmgvN D®-I-gn™v 3 aWn. Rm≥ sNss∂ Ck_- √ Bip]- {- Xnb- n¬. Ahns- S\\- n∂pw At∏mtfm Bip-]-{Xn-bn-te°v sIm≠p-t]m-bn. 18-˛mw XnbXn D®bv°v UnkvNm¿÷v hmßn ho´n-te°v Xncn-®p-t]m-∂p. 17-˛mw XnbXn cmhnse apX¬ 3 aWn-h-sc-bp≈ kw`-h-߃ Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ ]Xn-™n-´n-√. C\\n AXv Hcn-°epw a\\- n-em-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-I- bp-an-√. A∂v \\S∂ Imcy-߃ C{]-Im-c-am-Wv. cmhnse 6 aWn°v DW¿∂p. {]mXe- n\\v Rm≥Xs∂ Hm¿U¿ sImSpØ- p. AXn\\pt- ijw Hmt´m-bn¬ `mcy-tbm-sSm∏w Ata-cn-°≥ Fw_-kn-bn¬ t]mbn. cmhnse apX¬ Fs‚ s]cp-am-‰-Ønepw kwkm-c-Ønepw Ft¥m ]¥n-tISv tXm∂n-b-Xn-\\m¬ do\\bv°v hnk D≠m-bn´pw Fs‚ IqsS t]mcp-Ibpw Fw_-kn°v ]pdØv Fs∂ ImØp-\\n-ev°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. C‚¿hyq-hn\\v Ah¿ tNmZn-®-Xn\\v F√mw adp-]Sn ]d-™p. hnkbpw In´n. F∂m¬ Fs∂ C‚¿hyq sNbvXXv kmbn-∏m-tWm, amZm-Ω-bm-tWm, Ah¿ F¥p tNmZn-®p, Rm≥ F¥v adp-]Sn ]d- ™p, GXv hgntb D≈n¬ {]th-in-s®t∂m Fßs\\ Xncn®p ]pd- Øp-h-s∂t∂m H∂pw F\\n°v Hm¿Ω-bn-√. AXm-bXv Rmb-dmgvN sshIn´v 10 aWn apX¬ Xn¶-fmgvN 3 aWn-hscbp≈ kw`-h-߃ Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´n-√. tIm´-bØv Rß-fpsS tdm´-dn- ¢_nep≈ kn.- eq°pw `mcy \\o\\bpw Fw_-kn-bn¬h®v Fs∂ ImWp-Ibpw At±-l-tØmSv kwkm-cn-®p-sh∂pw ]n∂oSv Abmƒ ]d™v Adn-bpI D≠m-bn. At∏m-tfm-bnse kvIm\\n-ßn¬ \\n∂pw F\\n°v B ka-bØv {]j¿ hfsc IqSp-X¬ Bbn-cp∂p F∂v a\\- n-em-bn. A]q¿Δ-ß-fn¬ A]q¿Δ-amb Hcp {]Xn-`m-k-am-Wn-Xv. Ata- cn-°-bnepw bqtdm-∏nepw Hcp e£w Bƒ°m-cn¬ 2 t]¿°v am{Xw awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 17

kw`-hn-°m-hp∂ Hcp {]tXy-I-Xcw Hm¿Ω-°p-dhv. C¥y-bnse IW- s°m∂pw e`y-a-√. CXn-\\p≈ Imc-W-߃˛ 1) IqSp-X-em-bp≈ sS≥j≥. 2) IqSp-X¬ kabw XWpØ sh≈Øn¬ \\o¥p-I˛ 3) hfsc ITn-\\-amb hymbm-aw˛ 4) th≠-s∏´ BcpsS F¶nepw acWw XpS-ßn-bhbmWv. CXn\\v ASn-a-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp hy‡n ss{UhnwKv Dƒs∏sS F√m Imcy-ß-fpw hfsc IrXy-am-bn´v sNøpw. ]t£ sNøp∂ Imcy-߃ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sn-√. Cu {]Xn-`mkw 7, 8 aWn-°q¿ \\o≠p-\\n-ev°pw. AXn-\\p-tijw kmh-[m\\w t\\m¿Ω¬ BIpw. Transient Global Amnesia F∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ CXv 55 hb n\\v ta¬ {]mbw D≈-h-cn¬ BWv ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. a\\p-jys‚ _p≤n°pw Nn¥bv°pw AXo-X-ambn ssZhn-I-amb CS-s]-S¬ F√m Imcyß- f- nepw D≠v F∂v t_m≤ys- ∏S- pØ- p∂ Hcp kw`h- a- mbn Rm≥ CXns\\ ImWp-Ibpw Dd®v hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Fs‚ Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ `mcy IqsS C√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ kw`-hn-°m-am-bn-cp∂ Zpc-¥-sØ-∏‰n Hm¿°p-tºmƒ Fs‚ a\\- n-te°v hcp∂ ssZh- h-N\\w tdma 8 : 28 ssZhsØ kvt\\ln-°p-∂-h¿°v, Ahn-SpsØ ]≤-Xn-b-\\p-k-cn®v hnfn-°-s∏-´-h¿°v, Ahn-Sp∂v kI-eXpw \\∑- bv°mbn ]cn-W-an-∏n-°p-∂p. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 18

acWhpambv Hcp IqSn°mgvN acn°mXncn°Wsa¶n¬ P\\n°mXncn°Ww. F∂ kXyw Adnbmsa¶nepw F{X {]mbambmepw Bcpw acn°m≥ CjvSs∏Sp∂n√. acWØns‚ ht°mfw FØnbn´v PohnXØnte°v Xncn®ph∂ ]ecpw \\ΩpsS CSbnep≠v. KpcpXcamb tcmKßfn¬\\n∂pw henb A]ISßfn¬ \\n∂pw c£s∏´ ]etcbpw Ipdn®v \\Ωƒ ]{XØn¬ hmbn°mdp≠t√m. h¿j߃°pap≥]v acWsØ apJmapJw I≠ Hcp kμ¿`w Ipdn°s´. F√mh¿jhpw H∂pw c≠pw XhW ktlmZcßfpw Ikn≥kpsam∂n®v hnt\\mZb{Xbv°v t]mhpI A∂v ]Xnhmbncp∂p. F√mh¿°pw sIm®pIp´nIƒ D≠mbncp∂Xn\\m¬ BWp߃ Xs∂bmWv t]mbncp∂Xv. Aßs\\ Hcn°¬ R߃ tIm´bØp\\n∂pw GItZiw 200 In.ao. AIsebpff ]dºn°pfØn\\p t]mIphm≥ Xocpam\\n®p. c≠v Po∏pIfnem bn´mbncp∂p bm{X. Xriq¿, s\\∑md hgn R߃ tSm]v…n∏v F∂ ÿeØv k‘ytbmSpIqSn FØn. AhnSpsØ KÃvlukn¬ apdnsbSpØp. ]dºn°pfØn\\v AhnsS\\n∂v Hcp aWn°qdne[nIw bm{Xbp≠v. KÃv lukv dnk¿Δv h\\Øn\\pffnembXn\\m¬ [mcmfw am\\pIsfbpw Im´pt]mØpIsfbpw ImWm≥ km[n®p. cm{Xn 10 aWn°v h\\whIp∏ns‚ ss\\‰v k^mcnbn¬ ImSv Np‰n°mWphm≥ ]pds∏´p. Np‰n\\pw •mkv LSn∏n® Hcp hm\\nembncp∂p bm{X. bm{X°m¿ Xmsg Ccn-°pw. hm\\ns‚ apI- fn¬ i‡n-tb-dnb Hcp sk¿®v sse‰pambn Hcmƒ Ccn°pw. h\\yarK߃ ASpØpfft∏mƒ sse‰v ASn®v ImWphm≥ klmbn°pw. Ipd®v Ign™t∏mƒ Rßfn¬ Nne¿ hm\\ns‚ apIfn¬ Ibdn. km[mcW Bscbpw Ib‰mdns√¶nepw R߃ \\n¿_‘n®v Ibdn. t]mIp∂ hgnbn¬ [mcmfw B\\, Im´pt]mØv F∂nhsb I≠p. kabw t]mIpt¥mdpw XWp∏v IqSn°qSn h∂p. XWp∏v kln°m\\mhmsX h∂t∏mƒ Rm≥ Xmsgbndßm≥ Xocpam\\n®p. hm≥ HcnSØv \\ndpØnbt∏mƒ Rm≥ Xmtg°ndßn. Dffn¬ Ibdphm≥ XpSßptºmƒ s]s´∂v h≠n hn´pt]mbn. Dffnencp∂h¿ CXv Adn™pan√. hm\\ns‚ apIfn¬ Ccp∂h¿ awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 19

Rm≥ Dffn¬ Ibdnsb∂p hnNmcn®p, sImSpwImSv, IqcmIpcncp´v, h\\yarK߃˛ Hcp \\nanjw ]I®pt]msb¶nepw k¿Δ i‡nbpsaSpØv Rm≥ h≠nbpsS ]ndsI HmSn. h≠n In´mØ ]£w kw`hn°mhp∂ Zpc¥Øns‚ `oXn H∂pam{Xw aXnbmbncp∂p B Hm´Øn\\v B°wIq´m≥. Xm¿ C´ tdmUv BbXn\\mepw ]Tn®ncp∂ ImeØv ^pSvt_mƒ Ifn°pIbpw Hm´a’cßfn¬ ]s¶Sp°pIbpw sNbvXXn\\mepw HmSm≥ _p≤nap´n√mbncp∂p. 2 Intemao‰¿ HmSnbt∏mƒ Ipd®Isebmbn h≠nbpsS ]n∂nepff Nph∂ sse‰v I≠p. arKßsf ImWn°phm≥ h≠n \\n¿Øn C´ncp∂ kabambncp∂p. C\\nbpw hn´pt]mb¬ ]ns∂ c£s∏Sm\\pff km≤yX IpdhmWv. h\\yarKßfm¬ B{Ian°s∏Smw. Hcp]t£ hoWpt]mtb°mw. As√¶n¬ HmSnØf¿t∂°mw. GXmbmepw Cu Ahkcw ]mgm°cpXv F∂ \\n›bZm¿VytØmsS Rm≥ Hm´Øn\\v thKw Iq´n. h≠n ho≠pw \\oßm≥ XpSßp∂Xv Hcp \\Sp°tØmsS a\\ nem°nb Rm≥ ssZhsØ a\\ n¬ {]m¿∞n®psIm≠v Fßs\\sbms°tbm HmSn°nXs®Øn h≠nbpsS ]pdIn¬ i‡nbmbn ASn-®p. Hcp hn[-Øn¬ h≠n-°p≈n¬ Ib-dn-∏-‰n. Rm≥ Im´n¬ AIs∏´pt]mb hnhcw At∏mgmWv F√mhcpw Adnbp∂Xv. B Hm´w h√ HfnºnIvknepw HmSnbncps∂¶n¬ C¥ybv°v Hcp Hm´psaUse¶nepw In´ntbs\\. Ct∏mgpw Hcp sR´temsS√msX B kw`hw kvacn°phm≥ Ignbp∂n√. acWØns‚ apƒap\\bn¬\\n∂pw Fs∂ c£n® ssZhØn\\v Hcmbncw \\μn. Cu kw`hw Hm¿°ptºmsg√mw Fs‚ a\\ nte°v hcp∂ XncphN\\hmIyw Xmsg Ipdn°p∂p. “acWØns‚ \\ng¬ hoW XmgvhcbneqsSbmWv Rm≥ \\S°p∂sX¶nepw AhnSp∂v IqsSbpffXn\\m¬ Rm≥ `bs∏SpIbn√. ” awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 20

hnip≤ \\mSv Xo¿∞ bm{X Hen-hva-c-ß-fpsS \\m´n¬ ˛1 Hcp {InkvXym-\\nsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw tbip {InkvXp P\\n-®v, hf¿∂v, Ipcn-in≥ta¬ Xd-°-s∏´v acn-®v, kz¿§m-tcm-lWw sNbvX ]pWy ÿe-߃ kμ¿in-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂Xv Pohn-X- km-^-ey-ambn Icp-Xm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Ign™ Ipsd-h¿j-ß-fmbn Cu ÿeß- f- n¬ t]mIW- s- a∂v AXnb- mb B{Kl- a- p≠mbnc- ps∂¶- nepw 2014 G{]n¬ amka- mWv CXv km[ya- mb- X- v. GIt- Ziw 20 h¿jß- ƒ°v apºmWv hnip≤\\mSv Xo¿∞bm{X-Iƒ C∂-sØ-co-Xn-bn¬ \\ΩpsS \\m´n¬ Bcw-`n-®-Xv. G{]n¬ H∂p apX¬ ]Øp-hsc dnb {Smh¬kv kwL-Sn-∏n® bm{X-bn-emWv R߃ ]s¶-Sp-Ø-Xv. am¿®v 21 \\v CXn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-h-cpsS Hcp tbmKw dnb bpsS Hm^o-kn¬ h®v \\S-Øp- Ibpw kμ¿in-°p∂ ÿe-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Hcp hnh-cWw \\¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXq. Hcmƒ°v bm{Xm-sN-ehv tlm´¬ Xma-kw,-`-£Ww F√mw Dƒs∏sS 34000 cq]+700 U.S tUmf¿ (G-I-tZiw 76000 cq]) BWv Ah¿ CuSm-°p-∂Xv. cmhnse 4 aWn°v tIm´-bØp \\n∂p-ap-≈-h¿ dnbbpsS _ n¬ ]pd-s∏-´v 7 aWn°v s\\Sp-ºm-t»cn hnam-\\-Øm-h-f-Øn-\\-Sp- Øp≈ amcn-b‰v tlm´-en¬, Fd-WmIpfw `mK-Øn-\\n-∂p-≈-h-cp-ambn HØp tN¿∂p. Iº-\\n-bpsS ssKUv tPmbn h¿§okv bm{Xbv°v Bh- iy-amb Sn°-‰v, ]mkvt]m¿´v, _mUvPv, Iym]v, {]tXyI _mKv F∂nh hnX-cWw sNbvXp. AXn-c-ºpg ]≈n-bnse Bt‚m A®-\\pw, tJmc- Jv]q¿ cp]-X-bn¬ anj≥ {]h¿Ø\\w \\SØp∂ kn_n- A-®\\pw, Fs‚ IpSpw-_mw-K-߃ 15 t]cpw Dƒs∏sS 55 AwK-߃ RßfpsS kwL-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. cmhnse 10.30 \\p≈ Fan-td‰vkv hnam-\\- Øn¬ Zp_mbv hgn sshIp-t∂cw 4 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn tPm¿±ms‚ Xe- ÿm-\\-amb AΩm-\\n¬ FØn. hnam-\\-Øm-h-f-Ønse \\S-]-Sn-{I-a- ߃°p tijw tlm´¬ Pdp-k-te-an-tebv°p t]mbn, AhnsS Xma-kn- ®p. F√m- Zn-h-k-sØbpw Zn\\-Ncy C{]-Im-c-am-Wv.-cm-hnse 5 aWn°v DWcp- ∂p. 6 aWn˛ {]`mX `£-Ww, 7 aWn˛ bm{X Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. G{]n¬ 2 _p[≥ {]`mX `£-W-Øn\\v tijw tPm¿±ms‚ cmP-ho-Yn-I-fn-eqsS samssk-°ns‚ \\Kcw F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ aZ-_bpw IS∂v s\\t_m awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 21

]¿Δ-X-Øn-te-bv°mWv t]mb-Xv. tPm¿±m≥Im-cn-bmb ssKUv Hmdnb AhnsS ImWp-hm-\\p-≈-h-sb-°p-dn®v hni-Z-ambn kwkm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n- cp-∂p. R߃ I≠ Hcp {]tXy-IX, Ahn-sS-bp≈ F√m sI´n-S- ߃°pw C- fw a™\\- ndw ]qinbnc- n°- p∂- X- mW- v. CuPn]- vXn¬ \\n∂pw tPmen At\\zjn®v FØn-bn-´p≈ [mcmfw Bfp-Iƒ Iq´-ambn ]e ÿe-ß-fnepw \\n¬°p-∂Xv ImWmw. GIt- Ziw Hcp aWn°- q¿ bm{Xs- NbvXv R߃ s\\t_m ]¿Δ- X-Øn¬ FØn.2000 G{]n-en¬ tPm¨t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿∏m∏ Cu ÿew kμ¿in-°p-Ibpw hnip-≤-ÿ-e-ambn {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ChnsS h®m-Wv btlm-h-bmb ssZhw tamibv°v hmKvZØ `qan-bmb Im\\m≥tZiw ImWn®p sImSp-Ø-Xv. \\o tZisØ \\ns‚ ap≥]n¬ ImWpw, F¶nepw Rm≥ C{km-tb¬ a°ƒ°v sImSp-°p-∂- tZ-iØv \\o IS-°p-I-bn√ F∂v btlmh Acp-fn-sN-bvXp. t\\ml s\\t_m ]¿Δ-X-Øn¬ h®v acn-°p-Ibpw Ahn-sS-Øs∂ kwkv°-cn- °-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.- C-hnsS \\n∂v tPm¿±ms‚ hSs° AXn¿Øn- bmb sjbv°v lpssk≥ ]me-Øn-te°v bm{X-Xn-cn-®p. tPm¿±m≥ ˛ C{k-tb¬ AXn-¿-Øn-I-fnse IÃwkv ˛ Fan-t{K-j≥ \\S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-hm≥ Hcp aWn-°q¿ th≠n-h-∂p. hfsc I¿i-\\-amb kpc-£m-\\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ°p tij-amWv C{km-tbente°v IS-Øn-hn-Sp- ∂-Xv. Ahn-sS-\\n∂pw as‰mcp _ n-emWv bm{X XpS-cp-∂-Xv. Ad_v {InkvXym-\\n-bmb C{k-tb¬Im-c≥ dmbn°v Bbn-cp∂p ]n∂o-Sp≈ Rß-fpsS ssKUv. C{km-tb-en\\v \\mev Np‰pw ap…ow cmPy-ß-fmWv ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xv. 18 hb p Ign-™m¬ s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°v 2 h¿jhpw B¨Ip´- nI- ƒ°v 3 h¿jhpw ssk\\oI ]cni- oe- \\w \\n¿_- ‘-am-Wv. C{kmt- be- n¬ {]thi- n®- X- n\\- vtijw R߃ BZyw t]mbXv tbip Xs‚ _mey-Imew Nne-h-gn® \\{k-Øn-te-°m-Wv.-tdm-Uns‚ Ccp-h-i-ß-fnepw CS-Xq¿∂v \\n¬°p∂ hmg-tØm-∏p-I-fpw, tNmf- h-b-ep-I-fpw,- tKm-Xºv hb-ep-Ifpw ImWmw. D®-`-£-W-Øn\\v tijw ]cnip≤ amXm-hns‚ InW¿ kμ¿in-®p.- ]-≠p-Im-eØv B {Km-a- Ønse GI Pe-t{im-Xkv Chn-sS-°m-Wp∂ Hcp Dd-h-bm-Wv. amXm- hns‚ IpSpw_w ChnsS Xmakn®- nc- p∂- t- ∏mƒ Cu Ddh- b- n¬ \\n∂mWv sh≈w tiJ-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. R߃ F√m-hcpw ChnsS \\n∂v Ip∏n-I- fn¬ sh≈w tiJ-cn-®p.-C-hnsS Hcp {Ko°v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]≈n ÿnXn sNøp-∂p. amXm-hn\\v K{_n-tb¬ amemJ {]Xy-£-s∏´ awK- awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 22

fh- m¿Øm tZhme- bw, hn.b- ut- k∏- ns- ‚ `h\\w, ]W- ni- me F∂nh- bpw I≠p. ]n-∂oSv, tbip sh≈w ta¬Øcw ho™m°n am‰nb Im\\m- bnse Ieym-W-hoSv kμ¿in-®p. A∂sØ I¬`-c-Wn-bpsS amXr-I- bn-ep≈ Hcp `cWn AhnsS ImWmw. Im\\m-bnse ho™ns‚ Hm¿Ω- bv°mbn F√m-hcpw ho™v hmßn. Ahn-sS-bp≈ ]≈n-bn¬ sh®v Rßf- psS kwLØ- nse ZºX- nI- ƒ°v C∂v apX¬ acW- wh- sc F∂ hnhm-l-hm-KvZm\\w sshZo-I≥ sNm√n-Ø-∂p. sshIn´v 7 aWn-tbm-Sp- IqSn \\{k-Ønse Hotel Remionim ¬ FØn hn{i-an-®p. G{]n¬ 3 hymgw cmhnse 7 aWn°v Xmt_m¿ aeb- nt- e°v bm{X Xncn®- p. temI- Ønse G‰hpw ^e-`q-bn-jvTn-bp≈ \\mSp-I-fn-sem-∂mWv C{ktb¬. sh≈w kar-≤-ambn e`n-°p∂ ChnsS tdmUns‚ Ccp-h-ihpw [mcmfw ]gw ]®-°dn tXm´-߃ ImWmw. Hcp aWn-°q¿ bm{Xbv°v tijw R߃ aeb- psS ASnh- mc- Øv FØn. AhnsS \\n∂pw sNdnb _ n¬ ]e _m®p-I-fmbn ae-ap-I-fn-se-Øn. -C-hn-sS-bmWv I¿Ømhv cq]m¥cw {]m]n®- X- v. ‘adpc- q]- a- e’F∂pw CXv Adnb- s- ∏S- p∂- p. ]t{Xm- kv, bmt°m-_v, tbml-∂m≥ F∂o injy≥am-cp-samØv tbip ae- ap-I-fn¬ h∂v {]m¿∞n®p.- A-t∏mƒ tbip-hns‚ apJw kqcy-s\\- t∏mse sh´nØ- nf- ß- p∂- Xpw tamibpw Genb- mb- pambn tbip kwkm- cn°- p∂- Xpw injy≥am¿ I≠p. ]t{Xmkv AhnsS h®v tbiph- nt- \\mSp ]d™p R߃ ChnsS aq∂v IqSm-c-߃ D≠m-°mw. H∂v \\n\\°v, H∂v tami-bv°v, H∂v Gen-bmbv°.v Cuaq∂v IqSm-c-ß-fpsS {]Xo-I- ambn {^m≥kn-kv°≥ kaqlw aq∂v aZp-_-l-Iƒ D≈ Hcp tZhm- ebw ChnsS \\n¿Ωn-®n-´p-≠v. Kncn-{]-`m-jW ae AjvS-ku`mKyßfpsS ]≈n (church of beatitude)ChnsS ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p. t]mƒ-B-dm-a≥ am¿∏m-∏mbpw tPm¨t]mƒ c≠m- a≥ am¿∏m-∏mbpw ChnsS Znhy-_en A¿∏n-®-Xns‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn Ah-cpsS Xncp-h-kv{X-߃ ChnsS {]Z¿in-∏n-®p-´p≠v. Rß-fpsS IqsS D≠mbn-cp∂ sshZo-I¿s°m∏w AhnsS hnip≤ Ip¿_m\\ A¿∏n-°phm\\p≈ `mKyw R߃°v e`n-®p. ]n∂oSv R߃ t]mbXv kap{Z \\nc-∏n¬ \\n∂pw 220 ao‰¿ Xmsg ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Keoen XSm-I-Ønte°m-Wv. C{ktben¬ ip≤-P-e-Øns‚ `qcn-`m-Khpw e`n-°p-∂Xv Cu XSm-I-Øn¬ \\n∂m- Wv. Chn-sS-bmWv tbip sh≈-Øn\\v apI-fn-eqsS \\S-∂Xv. ae-I- awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 23

fm¬ Np‰-s∏´ \\b\\ at\\m-l-c-amb Keoen XSm-I-Øn-eqsS A°- cbv°p bm{X sNøpw kotbm≥ k©mcn F∂ Km\\hpw Bkz-Zn®v R߃ \\S-Ønb t_m´p-bm{X Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. A©-∏hpw c≠p ao\\pw sIm≠v Aøm-bncw t]sc t]mjn- ∏n® X_vK(the church of multiplication) ]t{Xmtk \\o ]md-bm-Ip- ∂p, Cu ]md-ta¬ Fs‚ k`sb Rm≥ ]Wnbpw F∂p ]d™v ]t{Xm-kn\\v {]mapJyw sImSpØ ÿew F∂nh kμ¿in-®p. Ahn- sS-bp≈ tlm´-en¬ \\n∂pw ‘]t{Xm-kns‚ ao≥’ Iq´n-bp≈ D® `£- W-Øn\\v tijw R߃ I^¿Wm-an-te°p ]pds∏´p. tbiphns‚ [mcmfw A¤p-X-ßfpw AS-bm-f-ßfpw I≠, ssZh-km-∂n-[y-ap≈ Hcp ]´-W-am-bn-cp∂p I^¿Wmw. tbiphns‚ im]-tØmsS \\in-®p- t]mb Cu ]´-W-Øns‚ ]e `mK-ßfpw ]pcm-hkvXp hn`mKw kwc- £n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn\\p kao-]-Ømbn ]t{Xm-kns‚ `h-\\hpw, at\\m- l-c-amb Hcp tZhm-e-bhpw ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p. kv\\m]-I-tbm-l-∂m≥ tbip{In-kvXp-hn\\v amtΩm-Zokm \\¬Inb tPm¿±m≥ \\Zn R߃ kμ¿in-®p. AhnsS ]e cmPy-ß- fn¬ \\n∂pw Bfp-Iƒ h∂v sh≈ hkv{Xw [cn®v sh≈-Øn¬ apßn kv\\m\\-s∏-Sp-∂p. RßfpsS IqsS D≠m-bn-cp∂ Bt‚m A®≥ sNm√n-X∂ amtΩm-Zokm {]m¿∞\\ R߃ G‰p sNm√n. Ggp aWn- tbmSp IqSn _Zve-tlan-ep≈ tlm´¬ G©-en¬ FØn-t®¿∂p. XpS¿∂v aq∂v Znh-k-߃ Cu tlm´-en¬ Xs∂-bmWv Xma-kn®-Xv. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 24

hnip≤ \\mSv Xo¿∞ bm{X Znhy ]mX-I-fn-eqsS ˛ 2 G{]n¬ 4 sh≈n {]`mX `£-W-Øn\\p tijw kv\\m]-I-tbm-l-∂ms‚ P∑- ÿ-e-amb F≥I-tc-an¬ Fen-k-_Øv K¿`n-Wn-bm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ amXmhv kμ¿in® hoSv, tbip Xf¿hm-Xtcm-Knsb kuJy-am-°nb _Zvssk-Zm-°p-fw, amXmhv P\\n® ÿe-Øp≈ sk‚ v B≥kv tZhm- ebw F∂nh I≠p. AXn-\\p-tijw tbip Ah-km-\\ambn k©- cn® tUmtfm tdmk-bn-eqsS (Ip-cn-ins‚ hgn) KmKp¬Øm-bn-te°v t]mbn. ]oem-tØm-kns‚ Ac-a-\\-bm-bn-cp∂ ÿe-Øp≈ tZhm-e- b-Øn¬ \\n∂pw KmKp¬Øm-bn-te°v, Ipcn-ins‚ hgn \\S-Øp-∂-Xn- \\p-th≠n 40 tUmf¿ \\¬In Hcp henb ac-°p-cniv R߃ hmS-I- s°-Sp-Øp. kn_n- A®≥ B Ipcniv Npa-en¬ FSpØp sIm≠v bm{X Bcw`n®p. tbip A\\p-`-hn® ]oUmkl-\\-ß-sf°pdn®v hnh- cW- ß- ƒ \\¬Ip∂ 14 ÿeß- fpw ImWph- m≥ km[n®p. “Cutimsb {Iqipw Xmßn” F∂ Km\\w Be-]n®p sIm≠v R߃ \\S-Ønb Ipcn-ins‚ hgn Hm¿Ω-bn-se∂pw \\ne-\\n¬°pw. tbip-\\-S∂ AtX hgn-I-fn-eqsS Ipcnipw Npa-en-te‰n R߃ \\S-∂-t∏mƒ ]e hntZ- in-Ifpw Iyma-d-bnepw hoUn-tbm-bnepw B cwKw ]I¿Øp- ∂p≠mbncp∂p. KmKp¬Øm-bpsS apI-fn¬ tbip-hns‚ Ipcnip \\m´nb ÿew,- a-cn®v Ign™v ico-c-Øn¬ kpK-‘-{Z-hy-߃ ]qinb I√v, tbip-hns‚ I√-d,- I¿Ømhns‚ c‡w Hgp-In-h∂ ]md-°q´w F∂nh kμ¿in-®p.- tb-ip-hns‚ Ime-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ Pdp-ktew tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ `mK-ß-fn¬- C∂v Ah-ti-jn-°p∂ hnem-]-a-Xn¬ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]Sn-™m-sd-`m-K-Øp≈ aXn-ens‚ kao-]Øp h∂v, -X-߃°v \\-jvS-am-bn-t∏mb Pdp-k-tew-tZhm-e-bsØ Hm¿Øv, -b-lq- Z¿ Iq´-ambn {]m¿∞n-°p-∂Xv ImWmw. D®-`-£-W-Øn\\p tijw tbip-hns‚ P\\-\\-k-a-bØv B´n-S-b≥am¿°v amemJ {]Xy-£-s∏´v Xncp-∏n-dhn Adn-bn® B´n-S-b≥am-cpsS hb¬ I≠p. A°m-eØv CS-b≥am¿cm-{Xn-bn¬ B´n≥Iq-´sØ Imh¬ImØv shfn-bn¬ ]m¿Ønc- p∂- p. \\Ωƒ Ffna- b- p≈- h- c- mI- Ww F∂v temIØ- n\\v ImWn- ®p-sIm-Sp-°p-hm-\\mWv tbip ]p¬°q-´n¬ ]nd-∂Xpw G‰hpw Ffn-a- bn¬ Pohn°- p∂ B´nS- b- ≥amsc BZyw Xncp∏- nd- hn Adnb- n®- X- pw. Ahn- sSsØ tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ R߃ Znhy-_en A¿∏n-®p. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 25

tbip P\\n® Imens- Ømg- pØv ÿnXns- Nb- vXncp∂ ÿet- Ø- °mWv ]n∂oSv R߃ t]mbXv. C∂v `qan-°-Sn-bnembn ImWp∂ Hcp sNdnb Kpl-bnemWv cmPm-[n-cm-P\\pw temI-Øns‚ c£-I-\\p- amb {InkvXp ]nd-∂-Xv. Cu Kpl-bpsS apI-fn¬ tdma≥ N{I-h¿Øn tIm¨Ã≥ss‚≥ Hcp tZhm-ebw ]Wn-Xp. Cu Xncp-∏n-d-hn-bpsS tZhm-e-bw (Church of nativity) C{km-tb-ense Bcm-[-\\m-e-b-ß- fn¬ G‰hpw ]pcm-X-\\-am-Wv. AºXp t\\mºns‚ sh≈n-bm-gvN-I-fn¬ Cu tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ Xncp-°¿Ω-߃ \\S-°p-∂-Xn-\\m¬ D≈n¬{]-th- in°- ph- m≥ Hcp]- mS- pk- a- bw ImØp\\- n¬t°≠- nh- ∂- p.- tZhme- b- Ø- n¬ \\n∂pw ]Sn-I-fn-dßn tbip P\\n® Kpl-bn-seØn \\£-{Xm-Ir-Xn-bn- ep≈ ÿeØv Ipºn-´-t∏mƒ DÆn-tbiphns\\ t\\cn¬ I≠ Hcp A\\p`- hw F\\n°- p≠- mbn. tZhme- b- Ø- n¬ \\n∂pw Cdßn , eØo≥`m- j-bn¬ ss_-_nƒX¿÷na sNbvX Pdp-k-te-ans‚ _nj-∏m-bn-cp∂ hn. Ptdma- ns‚ grotto I≠tijw R߃ milk grotto bnte°v bm{X- bm-bn. adnbw DÆn-tb-ip-hn\\v ]m¬ sImSp-Ø-t∏mƒ ]mep hoW- ÿew sh≈ \\n-d-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXv milk grotto F∂-dn-b- s∏-Sp-∂p. sshIn´v 7 aWn-tbmSp IqSn tlm´-en¬ Xncn-s®-Øn. G{]n¬ 5 i\\n cmhnse tlm´e- n¬ \\n∂pw Pdpk- t- ea- nse Henhv aeb- nt- e°v bm{X Xncn-®p. Pdp-k-te-anse G‰hpw Dbcw IqSnb ÿeØp≈ tbip-hns‚ kz¿§m-tcm-l-W-∏ffn kμ¿in-®p. h¿j-߃°p ap≥]v Hcp ss{IkvXh tZhm-ebambn-cp∂ CXv, Ct∏mƒ Hcp ap…ow tZhm- e-b-am-Wv. Pdp-ktew \\K-c-Øn\\v FXn¿h-i-Ømbn Hen-hp-a-e-bn¬ I¿Ømhv Xs‚ injy≥am¿°v kz¿K-ÿ-\\mb ]nXmth F∂ {]m¿∞\\ ]Tn-∏n® ÿeØv ]m‰¿ t\\mÿ tZhm-ebw ÿnXn-sN- øp-∂p. 175 ¬ ]cw `mj-I-fn¬ henb ine-I-fn¬ Cu {]m¿∞\\ BteJ- \\w sNbvXn-´p-≠v. aeb- mf- -Ønepw CXv FgpX- -s∏´- n-cn°- p∂- Xv I≠t∏mƒ R߃°v A`n-am\\w tXm∂n. ]n∂oSv Henhv ae-bpsS sNcp-hn¬ k÷-am-°nb _en-]o-T-Øn¬ Znhy-_en A¿∏n-®p.- F-fn- a-bp-sSbpw Xmgva-bp-sSbpw {]Xo-I-amb Igp-X-bpsS ]pdØv tbip bm{X sNbvX Hmim\\- h- oY- nI- f- ne- qsS Rßfpw Hmim\\- K- oX- ß- ƒ Be- ]n-®p-sIm≠v KXvka≥ tXm´-Øn-te°v \\S∂p \\oßn K’-a≥ tXm´w tbip-hns‚ Pohn-X-Ønse ]e Zmcp-W-k-w`-h-߃°pw km£n-bm-bn-´p≈ KXvka≥ tXm´w Henhpac߃ \\nd™ {]im¥ awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 26

kpμ-c-amb ÿe-am-Wv. C{k-tb-ens‚ tZio-b-hr-£-amWv Hen-hv. c≠m-bncw h¿j-߃ ]g-°-ap≈ Henhv ac-߃ Chn-sS-bp-≠v. Ch \\in-°p-∂n-√ Po¿Æn-®-Xn¬ \\n∂pw ho≠pw ho≠pw s]m´n-°n- fn¿°p∂p. tbip ap´p-Ip-Øn, c‡w hnb¿Øv ]nXmth Ign-bp-sa- ¶n¬ Cu ]m\\-]m{Xw F∂n¬ \\n∂pw \\oßn-t]mI-Wsa F∂v {]m¿∞n® ]md ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ ÿesØ tZhm-ebw (church of agony), amXmhv Clt- emI- h- mkw shSn™ ÿew Dƒs∏S- p∂ tZhm- ebw, aq∂p {]mhiyw tbip-hns\\ X≈n-∏-d™ hn. ]t{Xm-kns‚ tZhm-ebw, A¥y-A-Ømgw \\S∂ skln-tbm≥ Du´p-ime , bqZmkv tbip-hns\\ H‰n-s°m-SpØ ap∏Xv sh≈n-°m-in\\v blq-Z¿ hmßnb A°¬Zma F∂ c‡-\\new, ZmhoZv cmPm-hns‚ ih-Ip-Socw F∂n- hbpw K’-a≥ tXm´-Øns‚ kao-]-Ømbn ImWp-hm≥ km[n-®p. temI-Ønse aq∂v {][m\\ aX-ß-fmb ss{IkvX-h,- b-lq-Z. C…mw aX-߃ Hcp-t]mse _lp-am-\\n-°p∂ ]cn-]m-h-\\-amb ]pWy ÿea- mWv sPdpk- tew. c£I- ≥ ho≠pw hcps- a∂pw AXv tIt{Zm≥ Xmgvhc- F∂ Ip∂n≥ Ncn-hn-em-sW∂pw aq∂p aX-ßfpw hniz-kn- °p-∂-Xn-\\m¬ F√m aX-hn-`m-K-ß-fp-sSbpw [mcmfw I√-d-Iƒ ChnsS ImWmw. tbip bdp-itew tZhm-eb-Øns‚ ]X\\w Hm¿Øv AXns\\ t\\m°n Ic™ ÿeØv IÆp-\\o¿Øp-≈n- tZ-hm-ebw ÿnXn-sN- øp-∂p. Cu ]≈n-bpsS A¶-W-Ønepw Hen-hp-a-e-bnepw tbip-hns‚ Xe-bn¬ [cn-∏n® apƒ°n-co-S-Øns‚ sNSn-Iƒ ImWp-hm≥ km[n- ®p. D® `£-W-Øn\\v tijw R߃ Pdo-t°m-bn¬ tbip-hn-s\\- Im-Wp-∂-Xn\\v th≠n kt°-hpkv Ib-dnb kn°vaq¿ acw I≠-Xn-\\p- tijw Nmhp-I-S-en-te°v bm{X-bm-bn. tkmtZmw, sKmtamd F∂n ]´- W-߃°v \\miw-kw-`-hn-®mXmWv Nmhp-I-S-embn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-´Xv F∂p ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. kap{Z \\nc-∏n¬ \\n∂v 1240 ASn XmsgbmbnÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Nmhp-I-S-emWv temI-Ønse G‰hpw Xmgv∂ {]tZiw. Chn-sS-bp-≈- e-h-Wmw-i-Øns‚ B[nIyw ImcWw sh≈-Øn¬ InS-∂m¬ Xmgv∂p t]mIp-I-bn√. Cu sh≈w IÆn¬ hoWm¬ \\√ \\o‰e- mW- v. Cu ISe- nse aÆn\\v Huj[- K- pW- a- ps- ≠∂pw ]e-hn[ Xz°v tcm-K-߃°pw CXv acp-∂m-bn´v D]-tbm-Kn-°m-sa∂pw ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Rß-fn¬ F√m-hcpw Xs∂ AhnsS Ipfn-°p-Ibpw, aÆv tiJcn°pI- bpw sNbvXp. XpS¿∂v s_Ym\\- nb- mb- n¬ emkd- ns‚ I√d kμ¿in-®-tijw tlm´-en-te°v aS-ßn. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 27

hnip≤ \\mSv Xo¿∞ bm{X ]nc-an-Up-I-fp-sS-\\m-´n¬ ˛ 3 G{]n¬ 6 Rmb¿ aq∂v Znhkw _Xve-tl-an¬ Xma-kn®v tbip-hns‚ ]mZ- kv]¿i-ta‰ C{k-tb-en-t\\mSv hnS-]-d-™v,- G-I-tZiw 7000 h¿jsØ Ncn-{X-ap-d-ßp∂ CuPn-]vXn-te°v ]pd-s∏-´p.- c≠v aWn-°q¿ bm{X- sNbvXv R߃ CuPn-]vXns‚ AXn¿Øn-bn-se-Øn. Fan-t{K-j≥ IÃwkv \\S-]-Sn-Iƒ°v-tijw ho≠pw _kvamdn bm{X-Xp-S¿∂p.- Cu-Pn-]vXvIm-c-\\mb koskm Bbn-cp∂p ]n∂oSv Rß-fpsS ssKUv. D®-`-£Ww Ign™v 4 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Xm_ F∂ ]´-W-Øn¬ sN¶-S-en\\v Xoc-Øp≈ tlm´¬ kznkv C≥ (Hotel Swiss Inn) ¬ FØn. Ncn{X {]kn-≤-amb sN¶-S-en¬ F√m-hcpw aXn-h-cp-thmfw Ipfn®- X- n\\p tijw tlm´e- nt- e°v aSßn. sshIn´v 7 aWn°v AhnsS Xs∂ Znhy_en A¿∏n-®p. G{]n¬ 7 Xn¶ƒ cmhn-se-Ggv aWn°v Xs∂ bm{X Xncn®p. CSXp hiØv sN¶S- epw, heX- ph- i- Øp henb ]md°- q´- ß- fpw ImWmw . GXm\\pw aWn°- qd- pI- ƒ°p tijw R߃ temIØ- nse Hcp {][m\\ Xo¿∞m- S\\ tI{μ-amb sk‚ v ImX-dn≥ samWm-kv{Sn-bnseØnt®¿∂p. F.-Un. 307 ¬ CuPn-]vXn¬ h®v \\ncym-X-bmb ImX-dn≥ F∂ hnip- ≤b- psS t]cn¬ ko\\mbv aeb- psS ASnh- mc- Ø- mbn ÿm]n®- nc- n°- p∂ Cu Zbm-d-bpsS sse{_-dn-bn¬ Ncn-{X-{]-[m-\\-amb 3500 Isø-gp-Øv {]-Xn-Ifpw, GI-tZiw 2000 XpI¬ Npcp-fp-Ifpw kq£n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn¬ \\memw-\\q-‰m-≠n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ thZ-]p-kvX-Ihpw Dƒs∏- Spw. ko\\m-bva-e-\\n-c-I-fpsS `mK-amb tlmsdkv ]¿Δ-X-Ønse IØp∂ apƒ∏-S¿∏n-emWv ssZhw BZy-ambn tami°v {]Xy-£-s∏- ´X- v. C{kt- b¬ a°sf \\bn°- ph- m≥ Bhi- ys- ∏´- X- pw,I- ¬]e- I- b- n¬ ]Øp Iev]-\\-Iƒ sImSp-ØXpw Chn-sS-h-®m-Wv. R߃ ho≠pw bm{X-Xp-S¿∂p. tdmUns‚ Ccp-h-ihpw t\\ms°ØmZqcw apgp-h≥ ]md-°q-´-߃ am{X-am-Wv. Hcp ]®∏pw C√mØ acp`qan. At\\-I-h¿j-ß-fpsS i‡-amb aW¬°m-‰-Sn-®- Xn-\\m¬ Ccp-h-i-hpw D≈ ]md-°p-´-߃ ]e-B-Ir-Xn-bn-epw hen-∏- awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 28

Øn-ep-ap≈- inev]-߃ t]mse cq]m-¥-c-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. \\mev a-Wn- tbmS- pI- qSn CuPn]- vXnse {][m\\ hnt\\mZ- k- ©- mc- t- I{- μa- mb j¿ta¬ tj°n¬ FØn.- •m-kvsIm≠v ASn-Ø-´p≈ t_m´n¬ sN¶-S-en-eq- sS-bp≈ bm{X-bn¬ ]hn-g-∏p-‰p-I-fpw, -]-e-\\n-d-Ønepw hen-∏-Øn-ep- ap≈ a’y-ßfpw I≠p. temI-Øn¬ hen-∏-Øn¬ c≠mw ÿm\\- hpw 7000 h¿jw ]g-°-hpap≈ Xe-t®m-dns‚ BIr-Xn-bn-ep≈ ]hn- g-∏p‰v (Brain Coral )Rßsf A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øn.- G-gp-a-Wn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Sharm Holiday Resort ¬ FØn AhnsS Xma-kn-®p. G{]n¬ 8 sNmΔ {]`m-X-`-£-W-Øn\\p tijw Bdp-a-Wn-°p-Xs∂ CuPn- ]vXns‚ Xe-ÿm-\\-amb sImbvtdm-bn-te°v bm{X-]p-d-s∏-´p.- tami C{k-tb¬ P\\sØ CuPn-]vXns‚ ASn-a-Xz-Øn¬ \\n∂pw c£n®v Im\\m≥ tZi-tØ°v hgn-\\-S-Ønb cmP-]m-X-bn-eq-sS-bmWv R߃ bm{X-sN-bvX-Xv. tdmUns‚ CSXp-h-i-Ømbn ImWp∂ sN¶-S-en¬ [mcmfw FÆ°n-W-dp-Iƒ D≠v. sN¶-S-en-s\\bpw saUn-‰td-\\n-b≥ IS-en-s\\bpw _‘n-∏n-®p-sIm≠v 1869˛¬ 192 In.-ao.- \\of-ap≈ kqb- kvI-\\m¬ \\n¿Ωn-®p. Cu I\\m¬ \\ne-hn¬ h∂-tXm-Sp-IqSn bqtdm- ∏n\\pw Gjybv°pw CS-bn-ep≈ I∏¬ bm{X-bpsS ssZ¿Ly-Øn¬ hfsc Ipd-hp-≠m-bn.- C∂v CuPn-]vXns‚ kmº-ØnI LS-\\-bn¬ kqbkv I\\m¬ hfsc {][m\\ ]¶p hln-°p-∂p.- G-jybpw, B{^n- °bpw XΩn¬ th¿Xn-cn-°p∂ kqb-kvI-\\m-en¬ \\n∂pw 140 In.-ao. AI-se-bmWv sIbvtdm. Cu I\\m-ens‚ ASn-bn¬°qSn 2 In.-ao. \\ofhpw 7 ao‰¿ hoXn-bp-ap≈ Hcp XpcwKw \\n¿Ωn-®n-´p≠v. Ct∏mƒ Gjy-bn¬ \\n∂pw B{^n-°-bn-te°v tdmUp-am¿Kw Cu Xpcw-K- Øn¬°qSn bm{X-sN-øp-hm≥ km[n-°pw.- c≠v `qJ-WvU-ß-fn-embn ÿnXn sNøp∂ Hcp cmPy-amWv CuPn-]vXv. Ahn-SpsØ sN°vt]m- Ãn¬ kpc-£m-]-cn-tim-[-\\-°mbn GI-tZiw Hcp aWn-°q¿ ImØp- InS- ∂- X- n\\- pt- ijw c≠paWnt- bmS- pI- qSn R߃ sIbvtdmb- ns- eØ- n. Xnc-t°-dnb Cu \\K-c-Øn¬ [mcmfw henb sI´n-S-߃ ImWmw. Npcp°w sI´n-S-߃ am{X-amWv kna‚ v tX®n-´p-≈-Xv.-A-Xn-\\m¬ `qcn- `mKw sI´n-S-ßfpw Nph∂ CjvSn-I-bpsS \\nd-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. sltdm-tZiv cmPm-hns\\ `b∂v butk∏pw adnbhpw ss]X- emb tbiph- nt- \\mS- pI- qSn s_Xvet- la- n¬ \\n∂pw t]mbn CuPn]- vXn¬ Hfn-®p-Xm-a-kn® ÿew kμ¿in-®p. aq∂v h¿jhpw Fgv amkhpw Xmakn® hoSns‚ GXm\\pw apdn-Ifpw InWdpw AXp-t]mse Xs∂ awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 29

\\n¿Øn-s°m≠v Hcp ss{IkvXh ssZhm-ebw (hn. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ ]≈n) \\n¿Ωn-®n-´p-≠v. AXn\\v ASpØv Xs∂ tami-bpsS `h\\ap≠v. AXv C∂v blq-Z-cpsS kn\\-tKm-Km-Wv. ss\\¬ \\Zn a≤y B{^n-°-bn¬ D¤-hn®v dphm≠, FtXym-]y,- Sm≥km- \\n-b, DKm-≠, CuPn]vXv XpSßn GI-tZiw ]tØmfw B{^n-°≥ cmPy-ßfnepsS HgpIn a≤y-[-c-Wym-gn-bn¬ ]Xn-°p∂ ss\\¬ temI- Ønse G{dhpw \\ofw (6670 In.-ao)IqSnb \\Zn-bm-Wv. [mXp ]pjvSn sIm≠pw, ssPh-]p-jvSn-sIm-≠pw, ^e-`q-bnjvTamb Cu \\ZnbpsS Ic-I-fn-emWv temI-\\m-K-cn-I-X-I-fn¬ al-Ømb ss\\¬ \\Zo-XS kwkv°mcw cq]w-sIm-≠-Xv. cm{Xn 7 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn R߃ ss\\¬ \\Zn-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ I∏¬bm-{X-bv°mbn]pd-s∏-´p. CuPn-]vXns‚ ]c- º-cm-KX \\rØ-cq-]-߃ Bkz-Zn®v I∏-en¬ Xs∂ AØm-ghpw Ign™v Hotel Le Meridian \\nte°v aS-ßn. G{]n¬ 9 _p[≥ cmhnse 6.30 \\v tlm´-en¬ h®v Znhy-_-en-b¿∏n-®p. Rß- fpsS Xo¿∞-bm-{X-bpsS Ah-km-\\-Zn-h-k-amb A∂v temI-{]-i-kvX- amb CuPn]- vjy≥ ayqknbw BWv BZyw kμ¿in®- X- v. Cu ayqknbw ÿnXns- Nø- p∂- X- n\\v kao]- Ø- p≈ en_¿´n NXzc- Ø- ne- mWv k¿°m- cn\\v FXn-cm-bn-´p≈ F√m {]Xn-t£-[-ß-fpw, ka-c-ßfpw Ac-tß- dp-∂-Xv. sIbntdm Ft∏mgpw {]iv\\-߃ D≈ ÿe-am-Wv. AhnsS FØn-b-t∏mƒ B {]tZiw apgp-h≥ ]´m-f-Sm-¶p-Iƒ hn\\y-kn-®n-cn- °p-∂Xpw, ssk\\yw F¥n\\pw Xøm-dm-bn,- H-cp -bp-≤-Øns‚ {]XoXn P\\n-∏n-®p-sIm≠v \\n¬°p-∂Xpw I≠p. R߃ sas√ ayqkn-b-Øn- te°v {]th-in-®p.-G-I-tZiw 1,20,000 CuPn-]vjy≥ Ncn-{X-h-kvXp- °fpw, ^dthm-cm-Pm-°≥am-cpsS aΩn Iƒ D¬s∏sS C{k-tb¬ P\\- X-bpsS CuPn-]vXnse ASn-a-XzsØ FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p∂ ]e Ncn- {X-tc-J-Ifpw AhnsS kq£n-®n-´p-≠v. GI-tZiw Hcp aWn-°q¿ AhnsS sNe-h-gn-®-tijw temIm-¤p-X-ß-fn-sem-∂mb ]nc-an-Up-Iƒ ImWp-hm≥ ]pd-s∏-´p. CuPn]vXv `cn-®n-cp∂ cmPm-°-∑m-cp-sS-bpw, IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fp-sSbpw ih-Ip-So-c-ß-fmWv ]nc-an-Up-Iƒ. c≠c S¨ `mc-ap≈ 23 e£w I√p-Iƒ sIm≠v ]Wn-Xo¿Ø Cu ]nc-an-Up-I- fn¬ ]eXpw 600 ˛700 ASn-tbmfw Db-c-ap-≈-h-bm-Wv-. GItZiw Aº- Xn-\\m-bncw Bfp-Iƒ 25 ˛ 30 h¿jw ITn-\\m-≤zm\\w sNbvXmWv]nc- anU- pI- ƒ \\n¿Ωn®- nc- n°- p∂- X- v. Nne cmPm°- ≥am¿ Pohn®- nc- n°- pt- ºmƒ awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 30

Xs∂ Ah¿°v th≠n-bp≈ ]nc-an-Up-Iƒ \\n¿Ωn-®n-cp-∂p. ^dthm cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS ih-Ip-So-c-ß-fmb ]nc-an-Up-Ifpw Ah-bv°p-≈nse aΩnIfpw ]e imkv{XNcn{X Kthj-Icpw C∂pw ]T-\\-hn-j-b-am- °n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. kv^nwKvkv a\\p-jys‚ Xebpw knwl-Øns‚ DS-ep-ambn, ss\\¬ \\Zn- bpsS Ic-bn¬ H‰-°-√n¬ sImØn-bn-cn-°p∂ temI-Ønse G‰hpw henb {]Xn-a-bmWv kv^nKvkv aS-°-bm{X sIbvtdm hnam\\- Ø- mh- f- Ø- n¬ \\n∂v sshIpt- ∂cw 6.30 \\p≈ Fantd‰vkv hnam\\- Ø- n¬ ]pds- ∏´v Zp_mbv hgn G{]n¬ 10˛mw XobXn cmhnse 10 aWn°v sIm®n-bn¬ FØn-t®¿∂p. Rß-fpsS kwL- Øn¬ Fgp-]Xv hb- n-\\pta¬ {]mb-ap≈ ]ecpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]e Znh-k-ß-fnepw \\mepw, A©pw Intem-ao-‰¿ \\S-t°≠n hs∂-¶nepw, bm-sXmcp _p≤n-ap´pw IqSmsX F√m-h¿°pw AXv km≤y-am-bn. Cu ]pWy-ÿ-e-߃ ImW-W-sa-∂p≈ AXn-bmb B{K-lhpw ssZh- Øns‚ {]tXyI A\\p-{K-lhpw sIm≠v am{X-amWv R߃°v CXv km≤y-am-b-Xv. Cu ]pWy ÿe-߃ kμ¿in®v bmsXmcp Ipg-∏hpw IqSmsX R߃ 55 AwK-ßfpw ChnsS XncnsI FØnb- -Xn\\v ssZh- Øn\\v Hcm-bncw \\μn A¿∏n-°p-∂p. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 31

t\\{X-Zm\\w ˛ alm-Zm\\w temI P\\k- wJ- yb- n¬ C≥Uy c≠mw ÿm\\Ø- ms- W¶- ne- pw, A‘-cpsS FÆ-Øn¬ \\ΩpsS cmPyw H∂mw ÿm\\Øv \\nev°p- ∂p. aq∂p tImSn P\\-߃ A[n-h-kn-°p∂ tIc-f-Øn¬ GI-tZiw 3 e£w A‘-cp-s≠∂v IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Pohn-X-Øn¬ Hcn- °¬t]mepw shfn®w ImWm-Ø-h¿˛ amXm-]n-Xm-°sf ImWm-Ø- h¿˛ kz¥w a°sf ImWm-Ø-h¿-˛-Po-hn-X-]-¶m-fnsb ImWm-Ø-h¿˛ Aßs\\ ]e-cpw. Ch-cn¬ Ipsd-t]¿s°-¶nepw t\\{X-]-Sew am‰n-h- ®m¬ ImgvN hos≠-Sp-°m-\\mhpw. {]Im-i-Øns‚ temIØv F∂pw Ccp-´ns‚ XS-h-d-bn¬ Ign-bm≥ hn[n-°-s∏´ Cu kl-Po-hn-Isf klm-bn-°m≥ \\mw apt∂m´v htc-≠-Xt√? F√m-h¿jhpw t\\{X-Zm-\\-hmcw \\S-Øp-Ibpw Bbn-c-°-W- °n\\v kΩ-X-]{Xw kwÿm-\\Øp tiJ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. t\\{X- Zm-Xmhv acn-°p-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS A`n-emjw \\nd-th-‰p-hm≥ _‘p- °-fmWv ap∂n-´n-d-tß-≠-Xv. Pohn-®n-cn-°p-tºmƒk-Ω-X-]{Xw sImSp- Øn-´n-s√-¶nepw ac-W-tijw IpSpw-_mw-K-߃°v t\\{X-Zm\\w {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°mw. ]e kμ¿`-ß-fnepw Ah-cpsS kl-I-cWw e`n-°msX hcp-∂p. ac-W-tijw 4 aWn-°q-dn-\\Iw t\\{X-]-S-e-߃ amt‰-≠-Xm-Wv. t\\{X-_m-¶nse tUmIvS¿am-cmWv ho´n-seØn t\\{X- ]S- ew tiJc- n°- p∂- X- v. I¨t]mf- I- ƒ°v tISph- c- msX AXnk- q£- va- ambn t\\{X-tKm-f-߃ FSp-Øp-am‰n I¨t]m-f-Iƒ AS-®p-h-®p-I-gn- ™m¬ arX-tZ-l-Øns‚ apJØv bmsXmcp sshcq-]yhpw A\\p-`-h- s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. Chn-sS-sb√mw {]mtbm-KnI XS- -߃ t\\cn-Sp-∂p. Bbncw t]¿ acn-°p-tºmƒ Ht∂m, ct≠m Bfp-I-fpsS IÆp-I- fmWv Zm\\-ambn e`n-°p-∂-Xv. GXm\\pw h¿jß- ƒ°p apºv FdW- mI- pfw ˛ A¶a- men AXn- cq-]-X-I-fnse IpSpw-_-°q-´mbva t\\{X-Zm\\w Hcp P\\-Iob {]ÿm-\\- ambn Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw A¶-amen en‰n¬^vf-h¿ Bip-]-{Xn-bp-ambn kl-I-cn®v hfsc hnPb- I- c- a- mbn ]≤Xn \\S∏m°- nh- c- nI- bpw sNøp∂- p. Xncp-lr-Zb IpSpw-_-tbmKw t\\{X-Zm\\w Hcp {][m\\ ]≤- Xn-bmbn Gs‰-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. CXns‚ BZy-]-Sn-bmbn 2016 G{]n¬ 17-˛mw XobXn Rmb-dmgvN BZysØ Ip¿∫m-\\bv°v tijw ]≈n-bn¬h®v tIm´bw saUn-°¬tIm-tf-Pnse t\\{X-hn-`mKw awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 32

Iu¨kn-e¿ {io. F.-B¿.kP-\\ojv t\\{X-Zm-\\w, t\\{X-kw-c-£Ww F∂o hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-dn®v kwkm-cn-®p. AXn-\\p-tijw \\S∂ IpSpw- _-tbm-K-Øns‚ tI{μ-k-anXn Cu hnjbw N¿®-sN-øp-I-bpw, `mhn- ]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hm¿Uv tbmK-ßfn¬ Cu hnjbw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®v, ]q¿W kΩ-X-ap≈hcn¬\\n∂v am{Xw kΩX]{Xw H∏n´v hmßph- m≥ Xocpa- m\\- n®- p. kΩX- ]- {- Xß- ƒ hm¿Uv sshkv {]kn-U≠v kq£n-°p-I-bpw, Cu `c-W-k-an-Xn-bpsS Imem- h[n Ign-bp-tºmƒ ASpØ `c-W-k-an-Xnsb Gev]n-°p-Ibpw sNtø- ≠-Xm-Wv. GsX-¶nepw hm¿Un¬ acWw kw`-hn-°p-tºmƒ _‘p- °ƒ `mc-hm-ln-Isf hnhcw Adn-bn-®m¬ t\\{X-Zm-\\-Øn-\\p≈ {Iao- I-c-W-߃ Ah¿ sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. ac-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn F∂-t∂-bv°p-ambn \\jvS-s∏Sp∂ hne-a- Xn-°m-\\m-hmØ \\ΩpsS 2 IÆp-Iƒ, A‘-cmb 2 t]¿°v ImgvN e`n-°p-hm≥ D]-I-cn-°p-sa-¶n¬ AXv \\Ωƒ sNøp∂ Hcp henb Imcp-Wy-{]-hrØn Bbn-cn-°pw. Icp-W-bpsS h¿j-Øn¬ \\ΩpsS CS-h-I-bn¬ XpS°w Ipdn® Cu I¿Ω-]-≤Xn hnP-b-I-c-am-Ip-hm-\\pw, a‰p-≈-h¿°v {]tNm-Z-\\-am-Ip-hm\\pw \\Ωƒ°v ]cn-{i-an-°mw. Cu ]cn]- mSn 2016 ¬ Rm≥ Xncpl- rZ- b IpSpw_- t- bmK- Ø- ns‚ {]kn-U≠v Bbn-cp∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Fs‚ t\\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \\S-∂- Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ Ign™ 4 h¿jØn\\p-≈n¬ \\ΩpsS CS-h-I-bn¬ Ipd-™Xv 30 t]sc-¶nepw \\ncym-X-cm-bn-´p-≠v. Hcmƒt]mepw t\\{Xw Zm\\w sNbvX-Xm-bn´v F\\n°v Adn-bn-√. AXp-sIm≠v {]kw-Kn-°p- hm\\pw Fgp-Xp-hm\\pw Ffp∏-am-sW-¶nepw {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-hm≥ _p≤nap-´mWv. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 33

kzmX-{¥y-Zn\\w ˛ A∂pw C∂pw C≥Uybv°v kzmX{¥yw e`n-®Xv 1947 BKÃv 15˛mw Xob- Xn-bm-av. A∂v apX¬ C∂p hsc cmPy-sa-ºmSpw kzmX{¥Zn\\w hfsc B¿`m-S-ambn BtLm-jn-®p-h-cp-∂p. R߃ kv°qfn¬ ]Tn- ®n-cp∂ ImeØv (1955˛65) ChnsS \\S-∂n-cp∂ BtLm-j-ß-fmWv Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ hcp-∂-Xv. A∂v tIm´-bsØ F√m hnZy-`ymk ÿm]-\\-ß-sfbpw ]s¶-Sp-∏n®p sIm≠v D®°v tijw kzmX{¥yZn\\dmen kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p.-F√m hnZym- e-b-ß-fnse Ip´n-Ifpw Ah-cpsS kv°pƒ bqWnt^mw AWn-™p- sIm≠v hfsc Nn´-bmbpw `wKn-bmbpw dmen-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. t]meokv ]tc-Uvssa-Xm-\\-Øp-\\n∂pw Xncp-\\-°c ssaXm-\\-tØ-°m- bn-cp∂p dmen \\S-Øn-bncp-∂-Xv. Rm≥ ]Tn-®n-cp-∂Xv Fw.-Sn. skan- \\mcn sslkv°pf- n¬ Bbnc- p∂- p. BKÃv 13,14 XobX- nI- f- n¬ R߃ dntl-gvk¬ dmen-Iƒ \\SØn BKÃv 15 \\p≈ dmen°v Xøm-sd-Sp- °pI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. G‰-hpw at\\m-l-chpw, A®-S-°-tØmSpw IqSn dmen-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ hnZym-e-b-߃°v kΩm-\\-ßfpw, t{Sm-^n- Ifpw \\¬In-bn-cp-∂p. ]e h¿j-ß-fnepw H∂mw ÿm\\w Ic-ÿ-am- °n-cp-∂Xv Rß-fpsS kvIqƒ Bbn-cp-∂p. Xncp-\\-°c ssaXm-\\Øv kam-]-\\ ktΩ-f-\\-hpw, kΩm-\\Zm-\\hpw \\S-∂n-cp-∂p. `mc-X-amXm Io sPbv, alm-flm-Km‘n Io sPbv,- Xp-S-ßnb ap{Zm-hm-Iy-߃ apg°n \\S-°p-tºmƒ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Ah-c-dn- bmsX Xs∂ cmPy-kvt\\lw D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Ign™ Ipsd h¿j-ß-fmbn CØcw ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ H∂pw \\S-Øp-∂n-√. Ct∏mƒ CsXms° \\S-Øp-∂-Xn\\v B¿°pw Hcp XmXv]-cy-hp-an√. Ign-bp-∂Xpw Ipd®v A≤zm\\n°pI IqSp-X¬ iºfw hmßpI F∂p- ≈XmWv F√m-h-cp-sSbpw ap{Zm-hmIyw. h¿-≤n®p hcp∂ hml-\\-K- Xm-K-X-hpw, {Sm^n°v Ipcp-°p-Ifpw CXv Ah-km-\\n-∏n-°p-hm≥ Hcp Imc-W-am-Imw. F¶nepw \\ΩpsS \\m´n¬ a‰p dmen-Iƒt°m, ka-c- ߃t°m Hcp Ipdhpw C√. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ \\ΩpsS ]q¿Δo-I¿ \\Ωƒ°v t\\Sn-Ø∂ kzmX{¥yw \\Ωƒ Fßs\\ hn\\n-tbm-Kn-°p- ∂p-F∂v Nn¥n-°p-∂Xv \\∂m-bn-cn-°pw. hnZym¿∞n-Ifpw, A≤ym-]- I-cpw, k¿°m¿ Poh-\\-°mcpw, hym]m-cn-Ifpw F√mw Ah-cpsS Ah- awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 34

Im-i-߃°v th≠n kacw sNøp-∂Xv kzm`m-hn-I-amWv. Cu cmPyØv Akw-L-Sn-X-cmb [mcmfw Bfp-Iƒ D≠v. Ah¿°v th≠n i_vZw Db¿Øp-hm≥ ChnsS Bfp-Iƒ Bcp-an-√. Ah-Im-i-߃ t\\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-h¿ Ah-cpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-߃ Imcy-£-a-X-tbmsS \\S-Øp-hm≥ {i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Ign™ 20 h¿j-߃°p-≈n¬ \\Ωƒ°v kp]-cn-Nn-X-a-√mXn- cp∂ ]e {]tbm-K-ßfpw \\Ωƒ°v e`n-®p.- ]o-T-\\w, Izt´-j≥,- tª- Uvam-^nb, aW¬am-^n-b, `qam-^n-b XpS-ßnb \\yqP\\tdj≥ hm°p- Iƒ C∂v ]{X-ß-fn¬ F∂pw ImWmw. hnk-X-´n-∏v, hnhm-l-X-´n-∏v, sIme-]m-XIw XpS-ßnb Ie-I-fn¬ ]pcp-j≥amcpw kv{XoIfpw Hcp- t]mse hne-kp-∂p. l¿Øm-ep-I-fpw,- _-μp-Ifpw \\S-Øp-∂-h¿ a‰p- ≈-h-cpsS kzmX-{¥y-sØ-bmWv XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥w \\m´n¬ CXmWv \\S-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬, sNIp-Øms‚ \\m´n¬ F¥m-bn-cn°pw ÿnXn. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 35

A¤pX Zzo]v C≥Uy≥ almkap{ZØn¬ B{^n°≥ h≥IcbpsS Ing°v `mKØv Sm≥km\\nbmbn¬\\n∂v GItZiw 1500 Intemao‰¿ AIse `qa≤ytcJbv°v sXm´v Xmsg BbnÿnXnsNøp∂ 115 Zzo]pIfpsS Hcp kaqlamWv kosj¬kv (Seychelles). 1742¬ s{^©v \\mhnIcmWv Cu Zzo]pIƒ Is≠Øp∂Xv. A∂v C≥Uybn¬ s{^©v tImf\\nIƒ Dff kabambncp∂Xn\\m¬ ChnsS \\n∂mWv AhcpsS ]´mf°mcpsS t\\XrXzØn¬ Hcp kwLw B cmPyØv BZyambn FØnbXpw AXv AhcpsS Hcp tImf\\n B°n am‰nbXpw. AhnSw a\\pjyhmkw C√mØ Hcp cmPyambncp∂p F¶nepw IS¬sImff°mcpsS hnlmccwKambncp∂p. AhcpsS tamjWapX¬ kq£n®ncp∂Xv AhnsSbmWv. s{^©vIm¿ BZysaØnb Zzo]n\\v amln F∂v t]cn´p. 1810 ¬ {_n´ojvIm¿ Hcp bp≤Øn¬ Ahsc tXmev]n®v AXv AhcpsS tImf\\n B°n. F¶nepw AhnSsØ HutZymKnI `mj s{^©v BWv. IqSmsX {Itbmƒ (Creyol) F∂ Hcp {]mtZinI `mjbpw AhnsS D≠v 115 Zzo]pIƒ Ds≠¶nepw 20˛25 Zzo]pIfn¬ am{XamWv a\\pjyhmkw DffXv. amlnbmWv G‰hpw henb Zzo]v. amlnbnse hnIvtSmdnb BWv Xeÿm\\w . Cu cmPysØ P\\kwJy Hcpe- £w am{XamWv. AXn¬Xs∂ 70% amlnbn¬ Xmakn°p∂p. {]mse (Preslin) seUoKv (LeDiegue) F∂nhbmWv {][m\\s∏´ a‰p Zzo]pIƒ. Kh¨sa‚ v Hm^okpIƒ, Bip]{XnIƒ, hnam\\Ømhfw, tImSXn F∂nhsb√mw amlnbnemWv ÿnXn sNøp∂Xv. 2013 BKvÃv amkw Rm≥ Fs‚ aqØ aIƒ Nn{Xtbbpw, acpaI≥ AUz. tPm¿Pv Xt®´nt\\bpw Ip´nItfbpw ImWp∂Xn\\pw AhtcmsS∏w Ipsd Znhk߃ Nnehgn°p∂Xn\\pw kosjƒkv kμ¿in°pIbp≠mbn. 1976 ¬ BWv kosj¬kv {_n´ojvImcn¬ \\n∂pw kzX{¥ambXv. Ct∏mƒ P\\m[n]XycoXnbnepff `cWamWv. Pbnwkv antj¬ BWv {]knU‚ v. ]e Zzo]pIfpw 5 G°¿ apX¬ 10 G°¿ hsc DffXmWv.AhnsS Hcp ]©\\£{X tlm´¬ am{Xw ÿnXnsNøp∂p. hntZinIfmb hnt\\mZk©mcnIƒ Ah[n°mew awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 36

sNehgn°phm≥ ChnsS FØp∂p. temIØnse ]e {][m\\ _o®pIfpw ChnsS ÿnXnsNøp∂p. ChnSsØ hmSIbpw `£Whpsams° hfsc NnethdnbXmWv. ]e h≥InS tlm´¬ Hcp Zzo]v 99 h¿jtØ°p ]m´Øn\\v FSpØv henb dntkm¿´pIƒ ]WnXv AhcpsS ssIhiw hbv°p∂p. ChnsS \\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø\\Øn\\v FØnbn´pff ]e aebmfnItfbpw ImWphm≥ km[n®p. P\\kwJybn¬ `qcn]£hpw ItØmen°cmIbm¬ AhnsS ]e tZmhebßfpw, tIm¨sh‚pIfpw D≠v. RmbdmgvN Cw•ojv Ip¿∫m\\bpw, _m°n Znhkßfn¬ s{^©v As√¶n¬ {Itbmƒ Ip¿_m\\bpamWv. amXmhns‚ kz¿§mtcm]W Zn\\amb BKÃv 15 AhnsS s]mXp Ah[nbmWv. A∂v eUoKv F∂ Zzo]n¬ henb s]cp\\mfpw, {]Z£nWhpw, BtLmjßfpw Hs° D≠v. AXn¬ ]s¶Sp°phm≥ F\\n°v km[n®Xn\\v Rm≥ ssZhØn\\v {]tXyIw \\μn ]dbp∂p. amlnbn¬\\n∂pw 45 Intemao‰¿ AIsebpff {]mse F∂ Zzo]n¬ AhnSsØ ]ffnbnse hnImcn A®s‚ IqsS R߃°v Xmakn°phm≥ km[n®p. C≥Uy≥ almkap{ZØneqsS 400 BfpIƒ Ibdp∂ henb t_m´nemWv bm{X. BKÃv, sk]v‰w_¿ amkßfn¬ IS¬t£m`w hfsc IqSpXembXn\\m¬ `qcn]£w t]cpw O¿Zn®v hiwsI´p. Hcp aWn°q¿ BWv bm{Xmkabw.AhnsS Imadq¨Imd\\mb A®s‚ IqsS Xmakn®p. ASpØZnhkw AhnsS\\n∂v 15 an\\n‰v ISeneqsS bm{XsNbvXv seUoKn≥ FØn BtLmjßfn¬ ]s¶SpØp. hnt\\mZk©mcamWv ChnSsØ {][m\\ hcpam\\w. koj¬kv cq]bmWv ChnSsØ \\mWbw. 1 cq]bv°v \\ΩpsS 5 cq]bmWv \\¬tI≠Xv. F√m km[\\ßfpw Cd°paXn sNøp∂Xn\\m¬ PohnX®nehv hfsc IqSpXemWv. sXßv, amhv, ISπmhv F∂nh kpe`amWv. [mcmfw a’yhpw e`yamWv. \\∑o≥, Abe, sNΩo≥, Nqc F∂nh [mcmfambn e`n°p∂p. hnjw Xfn°mØ, \\√ ip≤amb ]®°dnIƒ ChnsS kpe`amWv. Fs∂ A¤pXs∏SpØnb ImgvNmIƒ 1. ChnsS [mcmfw aeIfpw ImSpIfpw Ds≠¶nepw Hcp h\\yarKwt]mepw C√. Ipcßpt]mepw ChnsS C√. 2. ]mºv F∂ h¿§w ChnsS C√. t]cn\\v Hcp \\o¿t°men t]mepw C√mØ cmPyw. 37 awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ

3. temIØnse G‰hpw henb Ic Ba G‰hpw \\ofwIqSnb a’yw, G‰hpw sNdnbXhf, C≥Uy≥ almkap{ZØnse ]d°phm≥ km[n°mØ ]£n F∂nh ChnSsØ {]tXyIXIƒ BWv. ChnsS saUn°¬, F©n\\obdnwKv tImfPpIƒ C√mØXn\\m¬ ]Tn°phm≥ Ignhpffhsc k¿°m¿ sNehn¬ hntZiØv Ab®v ]Tn∏n°p∂p. cmhnse 9 apX¬ 4 hscbmWv Hm^okv kabw. F√mISIfpw 4.30 \\v Xs∂ ASbv°p∂p Uok¬ P\\td‰¿ D]tbmKn®mWv ChnsS Id‚ v DXv]mZn∏n°p∂Xv. ChnsS \\ncØn¬ HmSp∂ F√m _kpIfpw C≥Uy≥ Iº\\nbmb Sm‰mbptSXmWv. F√m tdmUpIfpw \\√Xmbn Sm¿ sNbvXXmWv. Hcp Ipgnt]mepw C√. F√mhcpw \\nba߃ A\\pkcn®v h≠n HmSn°p∂Xn\\m¬ A]ISw H´pw Xs∂ C√. F√m hfhpIfnepw se≥kv ÿm]n®n´p≠v. AXn\\m¬ FXn¿Znibn¬\\n∂v hcp∂ hml\\߃ ImWphm\\pw A]IS߃ Hgnhm°phm\\pw km[n°p∂p. ]e cmPy°mcpw CSIe¿∂v Pohn°p∂ kosj¬kn¬, C≥Uym°mcn¬ `qcn`mKhpw XangcmWv. Ahcn¬ ]ecpw ChnSsØ henb _nkn\\kvImcmWv. samØØn¬ t\\m°nbm¬ henb _lf߃ H∂pw C√mØ ˛ kam[m\\ambn Pohn°phm≥ km[n°p∂˛ Hcp cmPyamWv knj¬kv. Rm≥ \\m´nte°v aSßnt]mcp∂Xn\\v 2 Znhkw apºv AhnSsØ {]ikvXamb _qhme≥ _o®n¬ t]mbt∏mƒ AhnsS km[m\\߃ sIm≠p\\S∂v hn‰ncp∂ Ip´nsb I≠v Fs‚ sIm®paIƒ AΩphnt\\mSv tNmZn®p. B Ip´n F¥v FSp°pIbmWv? AΩp ]d™p. She Sells Seashells at the Seashores of Seychelles. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 38

Ah-k-c-ß-fpsS \\mSv A≥]Xv kwÿm\\- ß- f- ne- mbn hym]n®- pI- nS- °- p∂ Hcp henb cmPy-amWv Ata-cn-°≥ sFIy-\\m-Sp-Iƒ AYhm bp.-F-kv.F. djy- bpw, Im\\-Ubpw Ign-™m¬ hep-∏-Øn¬ aq∂mw -ÿm-\\-ap≈ Ata- cn°- b- psS Ing°v A‰vem‚n°v almk- a- p{- Zhpw ]Sn™- mdv s]k^- n°v alm-k-ap-{Zhpw ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p. Xe-ÿm\\w hmjnw-KvS¨ BsW- ¶nepw, temI-X-e-ÿm\\w F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ \\yqtbm¿°mWv G‰hpw Xnct- °d- nb \\Kcw. sa®s- ∏´ PohnX- a- m¿Kw tXSn temIØ- ns‚ \\m\\m- `m-K-Øp-\\n∂pw Bfp-Iƒ Ahn-tS°v IpSn-tb-dp-∂p. hnhc- k- mt- ¶X- nI hnZyb- psS apt∂‰- t- ØmS- pI- qSn Ahnt- Sbv°v Hgp-In-sb-Øp∂ hntZ-in-I-fpsS FÆ-Øn¬ A`qX-]q¿Δ-amb hf¿®- bp-≠m-bn. C≥Uy-bnse F√m kwÿm-\\-ß-fnepw Cw-•ojv hnZy- `ymkw e`y-am-b-Xn-\\m¬ a‰v ]e cmPy-ßsf At]-£n®v IqSp-X¬ Ah-k-c-߃ \\Ωƒ°v e`n-°p-∂p. Hcp icm-icn Ata-cn-°-°m-c-s\\- °mfpw hfsc D∂X \\ne-hm-c-Øn-emWv \\ΩpsS Bfp-Iƒ Pohn-°p- ∂-Xv. C≥Uym-°m-cn¬ `qcn-]-£hpw \\√ hnZym-`ymk tbmKyX D≈hcm-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv CXv km[n-°p-∂Xv. G√m-hcpw Xs∂ Xma- kn-°p-∂Xv \\√ hoSp-I-fnepw, Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv hne-Iq-Snb Imdp-I-fp-am-Wv. Imdq-Iƒ°v C≥Uysb At]-£n®v hne hfsc Ipd- hmWv. `h-\\-hm-bv]-bpw, Im¿temWpw hfsc Ipd™ ]en-ibv°v e`y-am-Wv. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ s]mXp-H-gnhv Znh-k-ß-ƒ Hcp h¿jw ]Øn¬ Xmsg am{X-am-Wv. ZpxJsh≈n t]mepw {]h¿Øn Znh-k-am-Wv. tPmen- sN-ømsX Pohn-°p-hm≥ _p≤n-ap-´m-Wv. henb kq∏¿ am¿°-‰p-I-fn¬ 70 Dw 75 Dw hb v {]mb-ap≈ kv{XoIƒ cm{Xn 9 aWn°pw tPmen- sN-øp-∂Xv ImWmw. {][m-\\-ambpw Iu≠-dn¬ _n√-Sn-°p-∂-tPm-en- bmWv Ch¿ sNøp-∂-Xv. tPmen-°m¿°v Ccn-°p-hm≥ Hcp Itk-c- t]m-ep-an√. F√m-hcpw Xs∂ Im¿Uv D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv km[-\\-߃ hmßp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ \\S-Øp-hm≥ Ffp-∏-am-Wv. hmßnb km[-\\-߃ CjvS-s∏-´n-s√¶n¬ c≠pw aq∂pw amk- ߃°vtij- hpw Xncn®p sImSpØ- m¬ ]Ww aS°- nX- c- pw. As√¶- n¬ B XpIbv°v a‰v km[-\\-߃ hmßmw. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 39

Ip´n-Iƒ°v {]tXy-I-co-Xn-bn-ep≈ Im¿ko‰v \\n¿_-‘-am-Wv. {]khw Ign™v Bip]- {- Xnb- n¬ \\n∂v ho´nt- e°v t]mIp∂- Xv apX¬ Gsg´v hb- m-Ip-∂-Xp-hsc Im¿ko‰v D]-tbm-Kn-°Ww. Ip´n-Isf ap≥ko-‰n-en-cp-Øp-∂Xv A\\p-h-Z-\\o-b-a-√. c≠v hb- p-hsc Ip´n-Isf ]pd-In-te°v Xncn-®mWv Ccp-Øp-∂-Xv. kv°qƒ _ p-Iƒ Ip´n-Isf Ib-‰p-hm≥ \\ndp-Øp-tºmƒ c≠p-h-i-ß-fnepw \\n∂p hcp∂ hml-\\- ߃ I¿i-\\-ambpw \\ndp-Øn-C-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. Ip´n-Isf Ib‰n bm{X BbX- n\\- pt- ij- ta _m°nh- ml- \\- ß- ƒ ]pds- ∏S- pI- b- p≈- q. A{Xa- m{Xw kpc-£-bmWv ChnsS Ip´n-Iƒ°v \\¬Ip-∂-Xv. hoSp-Iƒ ]Wn-bp-∂Xv `qcn`mKhpw XSn D]-tbm-Kn-®m-Wv.- C-jvSn-Ibpw tIm¨{Io-‰p-sams° hfsc Ipd-hm-Wv. F√m hoSp-Ifpw apgp-h-\\mbpw ioXo-I-cn-®-Xm-Wv.- km-am\\yw Hcp henb hoSv 6 amkw sIm≠v ]Wn-Xo-cpw. Xo ]nSnØw D≠m-bm¬ \\nanj t\\cw sIm≠v F√mw IØn Nmº-em-Ipw. Chn-SsØ {]tXyI Imem-hÿ sIm≠mImw ]√n, ]m‰, F´p-Im-en, aq´ XpS-ßnb PohnIƒ Cs√∂v Xs∂ ]dbmw. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ hml-\\-ß-fpsS FÆw C≥Uysb At]-£n®v ]e aSßv IqSp-X-em-sW-¶nepw A]-I-S-߃ hfsc Ipd- hmWv. hfsc sa®-s∏´ tdmUp-Iƒ D≈-Xp-sIm-≠pw, F√m-hcpw {Sm^n°v \\nb-a-߃ I¿i-\\-ambn ]men-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-amWv CXv km[y-am-Ip-∂-Xv. \\nb-a-߃ ewLn-°p-∂-h¿ h≥ XpI ]ng \\¬tI- ≠n-h-cpw. F√m tdmUp-Ifpw \\mepw Bdpw hcn ]mX-I-fm-Wv.- F-Xn¿ Zni-bn¬ \\n∂v hml\\w h∂n-Sn-°m-\\p≈ km[yX hfsc Ipdh- mW- v. A¥¿ kwÿm\\ sslthI- ƒ F√mw sX°˛v- h- S- °v As√- ¶n¬ Ing-°v-˛-]-Sn-™mdv F∂ coXn-bn¬ \\º-cn-´mWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- Xv. sX°v-˛-h-S°v ]mX-Iƒ H‰ \\º-cnepw Ing°v ]Sn-™mdv ]mX- Iƒ Cc´ \\º-cn-ep-amWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. inter state 81 north hS- t°m-´pw˛ GXm\\pw ao‰¿ AIse inter state 81 south sXt°m´pw t]mIp-∂p. AXp-t]mse inter state 80 east Ing-t°m´pw inter state 80 west ]Sn-™m-tdm´pw t]mIp-∂p. \\ΩpsS \\m´n¬ th\\¬°m-ew, ag-°mew F∂n-ßs\\ Hcp h¿jw th¿Xn-cn-°m-sa-¶n¬,- A-ta-cn-°-bn¬ \\mevhy-Xyÿ Ime-ß- fmbn Xncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- Pq¨ BZyw apX¬ BKÃv Ah-km\\w hsc th\\¬ (summer) Im-e-am-Wv. H≥]-Xp-a-Wn-sbms° BIp-tºm-gmWv t\\cw Ccp-´p-∂-Xv. sk]vXw_¿ apX¬\\-hw-_¿ Ah-km\\w hsc autumn F∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ac-ß-fpsS Ce-Iƒ ]e h¿Æ-ß- awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 40

fn¬ a™, Hmd-©v, Nph-∏v,- {_u¨ F∂n-ßs\\ ImW-s∏-Spw. Ce- Iƒ sImgn-bp∂ Ime-am-Wn-Xv. AXn-\\m¬ fall F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p. t^mƒ Itfgvkv ImWp-∂-Xn-\\v th≠nXs∂ Bfp-Iƒ ]e-\\n-d-ßfn- ep≈ ac-߃ [mcmfw D≈ hgn-I-fn-eqsS bm{X t]mIp-∂p.-H-IvtSm- _¿ Ah-km\\w BIp-tºmƒ XWp∏v IqSp-Ibpw ]I¬ kabw Ipd™phcn-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \\hw-_-dnse BZysØ Rmb-dmgvN apX¬ Ata-cn-°-bn¬ t¢m°v Hcp aWn-°q¿ ]pd-tIm´v Xncn®p hbv°pw. -A-Xm-bXv i\\n-bmgvN hsc cmhnse F´vaWn Bbn-cp-∂Xv Rmb-dm-gvN-ap-X¬ cmhnse Ggv aWn Bbn-cn-°pw. day light savings F∂mWv CXn\\v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. XWp∏v Imew Ign™v am¿®v amkw BIpt- ºmƒ ho≠pw Hcp aWn°- q¿ t¢m°v apt∂m´v Xncn®p hbv°pw. F√m-h-¿jhpw Rmb-dmgvN shfp-∏n\\v c≠p aWn-°mWv Cu hy-Xym- k-߃ \\S-Øp-∂Xv. 2016 ¬ am¿®v 13 \\pw \\hw-_¿ 6 \\p amWv Cu hyXymk- ß- ƒ \\SØ- nb- X.v Unkw_- ¿ apX¬ s^{_qh- cn Ahk- m\\w hsc winter(ssi-Xy-Im-ew) BWv.G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ XWp∏v A\\p-`- h-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw ]e-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ a™v hogp-∂Xpw Cu ka-b-Øm- Wv. am¿®v amkw apX¬ sabv Ah-km\\w hsc spring (h-k-¥w) F∂pw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]pXn-b-sN-Sn-Iƒ Infn¿°p-Ibpw ac-ß-fpsS Ce-Iƒ Xfn¿°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-k-a-b-am-Wn-Xv. C≥Uy-bn¬ \\ne-hn-ep-≈Xv C≥Uy≥ kv‰m≥tU¿Uv ssSw BWv. Im-jvao¿ apX¬ I\\ym-Ip-am-cn-hsc Hcp ka-b-am-Wv. Ata- cn° hen-b-hn-kvXr-Xn-bp≈ cmPy-am-b-Xn-\\m¬ CuÃv, sk≥{S¬,-au- ≠≥, s]k-^n°v F∂n-ßs\\ 4 ssSw tkmWp-I-fmbn th¿Xn-cn-®n- cn-°p-∂p.Ing°pff kwÿm-\\-ßfpw ]Sn-™mdv kwÿm-\\-ßfpw XΩn¬ 3 aWn-°q¿ hyXym-k-ap-≠v. \\yqtbm¿°n¬ cm-hnse ]Øp -a-Wn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ Nn°m-tKm-bn¬ 9 aWn-bpw, sU≥h-dn¬ 8 aWn- bpw, temkv B©¬kn¬ 7 aWnbpw Bbn-cn-°pw. \\ΩpsS \\m´n¬ hml-\\-߃ CS-Øp-hiw tN¿∂v t]mIp- tºmƒ AhnsS heØp hiØ- pI- qSn t]mIp∂- p. AXpt- ]mse sse‰v, ^m≥ XpS-ßnb D]-I-c-W-߬ Hm¨ sNøp-hm≥ kzn®v Xmsg°v CSp-tºmƒ AhnsS kzn®v apI-fn-te°v CSp-∂p. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ `qcn-]-£w hym]m-c-ÿm-]-\\-ßfpw \\S-Øp- ∂Xv GXm-\\pw- h≥InS Iº-\\n-I-fm-Wv. F√m ÿe-ß-fnepw Ah- cpsS hnX-c-W-°m¿ D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. aIvU-WmƒSvkv, sI.-F-^v. kn, XpS-ßnb dtÃm-d‚p-Iƒ,- hmƒam¿´v, ‰m¿P‰v XpS-ßnb kq∏¿am¿°- awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 41

‰pI- ƒ, sF°- nb- ,- temkv XpSß- nb ^¿Æn®¿ ISI- ƒ F√mb- nS- Øpw ImWmw. _m¿_¿ tjm∏p-Iƒ t]mepw kq∏¿I-´vkv,- t{K‰v ¢n]vkv XpSß- nb Iº\\- nI- f- mWv \\SØ- p∂- X- v. F√m km[\\- ß- fpw Hcp tUmf- dn\\v e`n-°p∂ tUmf¿{So, tUmf¿ P\\-d¬ F∂n-ß-s\\-bp≈ Iºn- \\n-Ifpw D≠v. Cu kuI-cy-ß-sf√mw Ds≠-¶nepw Ata-cn° kz¿§amsW- s∂m∂pw Icp-X-≠. ho´nepw Hm^o-kn-ep-ap≈ tPmenbpw Ip´n-I- fpsS]cn-N-c-Whpw F√mw-IqSn \\√ IjvS-∏m-Sp-≠v. Xn¶ƒ apX¬ sh≈nh- sc GXm\\pw aWn°- q¿ Hcp klmb- nsb hnfn°- pt- ºmƒ 1200, 1500 tUmf¿ Hs° sImSp°- Ww. CsXms° BsW¶- nepw \\m´nt- e°v Xncn®- ph- c- m≥ B{Kl- n°- p∂- h- ¿ Ipdh- mb- nc- n°- pw.- ct≠m aqt∂m Xe- apd Ign-™m¬ Ah¿ \\m´n-te°v hcm-\\p≈ km[yX Ipd-hm-Wv.- A∂v Hcp ]t£ Ah¿ ]dbpw ‘Fs‚ apØ-®\\pw apØ-»nbpw C≥Uym-°m¿ Bbn-cp∂p’ F∂v. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 42

If¿^pƒ cmP-ÿm≥ C≥Uy-bnse G‰hpw henb kwÿm-\\-amb cmP-ÿm-\\n- te°v 2017 HIvtSm-_¿ 15 apX¬ 22 hsc Hcp bm{X t]mIp-hm≥ `mKyap≠mbn. t^m¿Nyq¨ {Smh¬kv kwL-Sn-∏n® bm{X-bn¬ tIc- f-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ \\n∂mbn 32 Bfp-Iƒ ]s¶-Sp-Øp. 15˛mw XobXn D®-I-gn-™v 1.30 \\v s\\Sp-ºm-t»cn-bn¬ \\n∂pw Al-Ω-Zm- _m-Zn-te-°p≈ tKm Fb¿ hnam-\\-Øn¬ R߃ bm{X Xncn-®p. 4 aWn°v Al-Ω-Zm-_m-Zn¬ FØn. Al-Ω-Zm-_mZv KpP-dm-Ønse {][m-\\-s∏´ Hcp \\K-c-am-Wv. AhnsS \\n∂v 5 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Hcp _ n¬ GI-tZiw 300 Intem-ao-‰¿ AI-se-bp≈ DZ-bv]q-cn-tebv°v ]pd-s∏´p. cm{Xn 8 aWn°v AØm-ghpw Ign®v 10.30 \\v DZ-bv]q-cn¬ FØn tlm´¬ hnjvWp-{]nb-bn¬ Xma-kn-®p. Xn¶-fmgvN cmP-ÿm-\\nse G‰hpw henb sIm´m-c-amb kn‰n ]mekv kμ¿in-®p. ]e-cm-Pm-°≥am-cpsS Ime-Ømbn 450 h¿jw sIm≠v 1955 ¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-XmWv Cu sIm´mcw . Cu sIm´m-c- Øns‚ Xpd- mb ]p¬Ø-InSn hnhm-l-߃°pw a‰p s]mXp]cn-]m- Sn-Iƒ°pw hmS-I-bv°vsIm-Sp-°pw. Hcp Znh-ksØ hmSI 22 e£w cq]bm-Wv. sIm´m-c-Øn\\v sXm´-Sp-Ømbn ]nt®mf XSmIw ÿnXn- sN-øp-∂p. At\\Iw Bfp-I-fpsS ]cn-{ia ^e-ambn Ir{Xn-a-ambn \\n¿Ωn® Cu XSmI- Ø- ns‚ \\Sph- n¬ cmPmh- ns‚ th\\¬°me hkXn kvYnXn-sN-øp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ CXv SmPv {Kq∏v Gs‰SpØv tlm´¬ \\S- Øp∂- p. Hcp Znhk- sØ apdn hmSI 45000 cq] BWv. D®bv°v tijw alm-dmW Pb-knwKv 1678 ¬ \\n¿Ωn® ^tØ¿ XSmIw kμ¿in-®p. GI-tZiw 30 ASn XmgvN-bp≈ Cu Ir{Xna XSm-I-Øn¬ t_m´vk- hmcn \\S-Øp-hm≥ km[n°pw. 1850 ¬ alm-dmW kP≥ knwKv \\n¿Ωn® 10 G°-dn¬ hy]n-®p-In-S-°p∂ tdmkm-]p-jv]-ß-fm¬ kº- ∂-amb kP≥ \\mhmkv Km¿U≥ I≠-Xn\\p tijw tlm´-en-te°v aSßn. 17˛mw XobXn cmhnse GI-tZiw 310 In.-ao-‰¿ AI-se-bp≈ tPmUv]q-cn-te°v Xncn-®p. hgn-at≤y `£-Whpw Ign®v aq∂v aWn°v tPmZv]q-cn¬ FØn. alm-cmPm Dsa-bvZv knwKv \\n¿Ωn® Dsa-bvZv `-h≥ sIm´m-c-amWv BZyw kμ¿in-®-Xv. 347 apdn-Iƒ D≈ Cu awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 43

sIm´mcw \\n¿Ωn-®Xv sImSpw hcƒ®-bpw, ]´n-Wnbpw D≠m-bn-cp∂ ImeØv P\\ß- ƒ°v tPmen sImSp°- ph- m≥ th≠nbmWv. Cu sIm´m- c-Øns‚ Ipd®p `mKw ayqkn-b-ambpw _m°n SmPv{Kq∏v tlm´¬ Bbpw \\S-Øp-∂p. ]n∂oSv 1459 ¬dmhq tPm[ ]Wn-I-gn-∏n® sal-cw-K¿ tIm´- bn-te-°mWv t]mb-Xv. 150 ao‰¿ Db-c-ap≈ Hcp Ip∂ns‚ apI-fn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Cu tIm´ 3000 Bfp-Iƒ 15 h¿jw XpS¿®-bmbn tPmen-sNbvXv \\n¿Ωn-®-Xm-Wv. Cu tIm´-bpsS apI-fn¬ FØm≥ Ct∏mƒ en^v‰v ÿm]n-®n-´p-≠v. Xm¿ acp-`q-an-bnse Cu \\K-c-Øn¬ 15 e£w Bfp-Iƒ hkn-°p-∂p. cm{Xn tlm´¬ Cw]o-cnben¬ Xma- kn-®p. 18 ˛mw XobXn cmhnse 310 Intem ao‰¿ AI-sebp≈ Pbvkm¬adn-te°v bm{X Xncn-®p. bm{X-bn¬ R߃ ]m´v ]mSn- bpw,- A-¥m-£cn Ifn®pw kabw sNe-h-gn-®p.- tdm-Up-Iƒ hfhpw Xncnhpw Ib-‰hpw H∂p-an-√msX Intem-ao-‰-tdmfw Hcp t\\¿ tcJ t]mse-bm-Wv. tdmUns‚ Ccp-h-i-ß-fnepw ]e-hn-[-Øn-ep≈ Irjn- sN-bvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv ImWmw. F.-kn. _ m-b-Xn-\\m¬ Hcp-]mSv bm{X sNbvsX¶nepw £oWw tXm∂nb- n√- . F√mh- c- pwX- s∂ ko\\nb- ¿ kn‰n- k¨kmbn-cp-∂p. D®bv°v Hcp-a-Wn-tbm-Sp-IqSn R߃ s]m{Im≥ F∂ ÿeØv FØn. Chn-sS-bmWv C≥Uy-bnse BZysØ `qK¿` BWh ]co-£Ww \\S-Øn-b-Xv. [mcmfw hntZ-in-Iƒ hcp∂ ÿe- am-b-Xn-\\m¬ \\√ `£-W-im-e-Iƒ Ahn-sS-bp-≠v. BZy-ambn amwkm- lmcw Ign-®Xv A∂p-®-bv°m-Wv. cmP-ÿm-\\n¬ IqSp-Xepw kkym- lm-c-amWv Bfp-Iƒ Ign-°p-∂-Xv. D®-`-£-W-Øn-\\p-tijw bm{X XpS¿∂p. hgnb- n¬ At\\Iw ]´mf hml\\- ß- ƒ \\nc\\- nc- b- mbn t]mIp- ∂Xv I≠p. \\mepa- W- nt- bmSp IqSn Pbvkm¬a¿ B¿an ayqknb- Ø- n¬ FØn. 30 cq]-bpsS {]th-i-\\-Sn-°‰v FSpØv AIØp Ibdn. 15 an\\n‰v ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ Hcp ^nenwtjm I≠p. ]m°n-ÿm-\\p-am-bpw,- ssN\\- b- pa- mbpw \\S∂ bp≤Ø- ns‚ cwKß- fpw, ]ca- h- oc- N- {- Ih- pw, hoc- N-{Ihpw In´nb Phm≥am-cpsS ]S-ßfpw AXn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn- \\p-tijw henb Hcp lmfn¬ ]´m-f-°m-cpsS Sm¶p-Ifpw, henb ]oc- ¶n-Ifpw IqSmsX ]qdØv ssaXm-\\Øv ]m°n-ÿm≥ ]´m-f-Øn¬ \\n∂v ]nSn-s®-SpØ Sm¶p-Ifpw, Ih-NnX hml-\\-ßfpw {]Z¿in-∏n-®n- cn-°p-∂Xpw I≠p. Ahn-sS-\\n∂pw GI-tZiw 40 In.-ao-‰¿ AI-se- bp≈ kmw acp-`q-an-bn¬ FØn. H´-I-Øns‚ apI-fn¬ 45 an\\n-t‰m- awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 44

fw -bm-{X-sNbvXv kqcym-kvX-abw I≠p. R߃ 500 cq] sImSpØv Po∏n¬ Utk¿´v k^m-cn°v t]mbn. Zp_m-bn-se-t∏mse kpc-£n-X- as- √¶- nepw Hcp kmlk- nI bm{XX- s- ∂b- mW- v. AhnsS R߃ sS‚n- emWv Xma-kn-®Xv. \\mtSm-Sn-\\r-Øhpw ]m´p-sas° AhnsS Hcp-°n- bn´- p≠- mb- nc- p∂- p. hfsc hyXyk- vXa- mb Hcp A\\p`- h- a- mb- nc- p∂p Ahn- SpsØ Xma-kw. ]m°n-ÿm≥ AXn¿Øn-bnte°v shdpw 60 In.-ao- ‰¿ Zqc-amWv D≈-Xv. hymgmgvN cmhnse _n°m-\\n-dn-te°v bm{X-bm-bn. D®bv°v ho≠pw s]m{Im\\- n¬ Xs∂ `£Ww Ign®v 350 In.a- o‰- ¿ bm{Xs- NbvXv cm{Xn 7 aWn°v tlm´¬ kmK-dn¬ FØn-t®¿∂p. _n°m-\\odnse aW¬ ssS¬kv\\n¿Ωm-W-Øn\\v hfsc A\\p-tbm-Py-am-Wv. sh≈n- bmgvN cmhnse Ahn-SsØ Im¿Wn-amXm Aºew kμ¿in-®p.- Zp¿§mtZh- nsb {]Xnj- vTn®- nc- n°- p∂ Cu Aºew FenI- f- psS Aºew F∂pw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. GI-tZiw 25000 IdpØ Fen-Iƒ AhnsS D≠v. shfpØ Fensb ImWphm≥ km-[n°p-∂Xv Hcp `mKy-am-bn´v Ah¿ Icp-Xp-∂p.- F-en-Iƒ°v sImSp-°p-hm-\\p≈ ]mepw a‰p-`-£- W k- m[- \\- ß- fpw AhnsS hn¬°p∂- p.`- £- Ww e`ya- mb- X- n\\- m¬ Fen- Iƒ ChnSw hn´v t]mIm-dn-√. cmPm dmbn-knwKv 1588 ¬ \\n¿Ωn® Pp\\¿ tIm´bpw I≠-Xn-\\p-tijw 260 In. ao‰¿ AI-se-bp≈ APvao- dn-te°v ]pd-s∏-´p. sshIp-t∂cw 4 aWn°v ]pjv°¿ F∂-ÿ-eØv FØn. F√m-h¿jhpw HIvtSm-_¿ Ah-km\\w apX¬ c≠mgvN \\o≠p- \\n¬°p∂ ]pjv°-¿vtaf ChnsS \\S-Øp-∂p. H´Iw, IpXn-c, B\\, I∂p-Im-en-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS C¥y-bnse G‰hpw henb hnev]-\\- bmWv ChnsS \\S-°p-∂-Xv.- Xm¿ acp-`q-an-bnse tKm{X-h¿K-°m-cpsS \\rØhpw ]m´pw Hs°-bp≈ Cu taf ImWp-hm≥ GI-tZiw 2 - e£w Bfp-Iƒ FØp-∂p. ho≠pw bm{X-Xp-S¿∂v, 5 aWn°v APvao- dn-ep≈ tlm´¬ {Km‚ v ko\\n-b-bn¬ FØn. Zo]m-hen ka-b-am-b- Xn-\\m¬ F√m \\K-c-ß-fnepw Zo]m-e-¶m-c-hpw,-sh-Sn-s°´pw D≠m-bn- cp-∂p.-ssh-Ip-t∂cw R߃ \\hmkv sjdo^v F∂ {]kn-≤-\\mb Hcp ap…ow aX-]-WvUn-Xs‚ I_-dnSw ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ APvao¿Z¿§ F∂ ap…ow ]≈n kμ¿in-®p. HIvtSm-_-¿ 21 i\\n-bmgvN 140 In.-ao-‰¿ AI-se-bp≈ cmP- ÿms‚ Xe-ÿm-\\-amb Pbv]q-cn-te°v bm{X Xncn-®p. 11 aWntbmSp- IqSn AhnsS FØn 30 e£w Bfp-Iƒ A[n-h-kn-°p∂ Cu \\Kcw awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 45

1727 ¬ PbvknwKv F∂ cmPmhv \\n¿Ωn-®-Xm-Wv. ChnsS `qcn-`mKw sI´n-S-߃°pw ]n¶v \\nd-am-b-Xn-\\m¬ ]n¶v kn‰n F∂pw Adn-b-s∏- Sp∂- p. I®zml cP]- p{- X≥amc- psS ]pcmX- \\ Xeÿ- m\\- a- mb Aao¿tIm- ´-bmWv BZyw kμ¿in-®-Xv. henb Hcp Ip∂ns‚ apI-fn¬ ÿnXn- sN-øp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Po∏nepw B\\-∏p-dØpw Ahn-sS-t∏m-Im≥ kuI- cya- p≠- v. D®°- vtijw P¥¿aμ- n¿ F∂ Imemh- ÿ \\nco£- W- t- I{μw kμ¿in-®p. khmbv PbvknwKv 18˛mw \\q‰m-≠n¬ C¥y-bn¬ \\n¿Ωn® 5 tI{μ-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw hep-XmWv Chn-sS-bp-≈-Xv. alm-cmP khm- bvknwKv \\n¿Ωn® kn‰n ]mekpw kμ¿in®v tlm´¬ sdUvt^m- Ivkn¬ Xma-kn-®p. 22˛mw XobXn Rmb-dmgvN cmhnse 9 aWn-°p≈ tKm Fb¿ hnam-\\-Øn¬ sslZ-cm-_mZv hgn Hcp aWn°v sIm®n- bn¬ Xncn-s®-Øn. Al-Ω-Zm-_m-Zn¬ \\n∂pw Pbv]q¿ hsc GI- tZiw1800 In.- ao-‰¿ _ v \\nb-{¥n® ss{Uh-td-bpw, t^m¿Nyq¨ {Smh¬knse tla-¥n-s\\bpw kvt\\l-]q¿Δw kvacn-°p-∂p. HcmgvN \\o≠p-\\n∂ bm{X-bn¬ DS-\\ofw Rßsf ImØp]cn-]m-en® ssZh- Øn\\v \\μn ]dbp-∂p. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 46

C≥Uy≥ kq∏¿ eoKv \\q‰n ap∏-sØ´v tImSn P\\-߃ A[n-h-kn-°p∂ `mcXw P\\-kw-Jy-bn¬ temIØv c≠mw ÿm\\-ØmWv . F∂m¬ temI- Øv- G-‰hpw P\\-{]oXn D≈ ImbnI C\\-amb Im¬]¥pIfn-bn¬ 158˛m aXm-Wv \\ΩpsS ÿm\\w. Hcp- Im-eØv Gjy≥ ^pSvt_m-fnepw, Hfn-ºnIvkv ^pSvt_m-fnepw hfsc anI® {]I-S-\\-߃ ImgvN-h® C≥Uy≥ Sow ]n∂oSv hfsc XmgsØ \\ne-bn-te°v ]n¥-≈-s∏-Sp-I- bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. C≥Uy-bnse hnhn[ kwÿm-\\-߃ XΩn¬ \\S-°p∂ kt¥mjv t{Sm^n ^pSvt_mƒ a’-c-߃ GXm\\pw h¿j-߃°v apºp hsc P\\ßsf hfsc BI¿jn-®n-cp-∂p. _wKmƒ, tIcfw, ]©m_v, tKmh, k¿Δok- k- v,- sdb- n¬thkv XpSß- nb SoapI- ƒ hfsc anI® coXn-bn¬ Ifn-®n-cp-∂p. sIm√w, Fd-Wm-Ip-fw, Xriq¿ XpS- ßnb ÿeß- f- n¬ a’c- ß- ƒ ImWph- m≥ [mcmfw BfpI- ƒ t]mbn- cp-∂p. 1973 ¬ Fd-Wm-Ipfw alm-cm-Pmkv {Ku≠n¬ \\S-∂-ss^-\\¬ a’-c-Øn¬ sdbn¬thkns\\ tXm¬∏n®v tIcfw BZy-ambn kt¥mjv t{Sm^n t\\Sn-bXv \\nß-fn¬ ]ecpw I≠-Xm-Wv. C≥Uy-bn¬ sSen-hn-j≥ kwt{]-jWw Bcw-`n-®-tXm-Sp-IqSn Bfp-I-fpsS Xm¬]cyw {In°-‰nte°v amdn. 1983 ˛¬ I]n¬tZ-hns‚ t\\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ C≥Uy {In°-‰n¬ temI-I∏v t\\Sn-b-Xp-ap-X¬sN-dp- ∏°- m¿ F√mh- c- pw{- In°- ‰v Bcm[- I- c- mb- na- md- n. kt¥mj- vt{Sm^n a’- c-߃ t]mepw Hgn™ Kyme-dn-Iƒ km£n-bmbn \\S-tØ-≠n-h-cp- ∂p. temI-I∏v ^pSvt_mƒ a’-c-ßfpw , hntZ-icm-Py-ß-fnse eoKv a’-c-ßfpw Sn.-hn. bn¬ ImWp-∂-h¿°v \\-ΩpsS \\m´nse a’-c-߃ ImWp-hm≥ Xm¬]cyw C√m-sX-bmbn \\ΩpsS cmPysØ Im¬]-¥p-IfnbpsS \\ne-hmcw Db¿ØpI F∂ e£y-tØm-Sp-IqSn 2014 ¬ Hmƒ C¥ym ^pSvt_mƒ s^U-td- j≥ ( AIFF) Bcw-`n-®-Xm-Wv C≥Uy≥ kq∏¿ eoKv ( ISL). Ign™ GXm\\pw h¿j-ß-fmbn ChnsS {In°-‰n¬ C≥Uy≥ {]oan-b¿ eoKv (IPL)a’c- ß- ƒ hfsc hnPb- I- c- a- mbn \\SØ- p∂- p≠- v. AXns‚ NphSp ]nSn-®mWv ^pSvt_mfnepw Cu coXn-bn-ep≈ Sq¿W-sa‚ v Bcw-`n- ®-Xv. Cu h¿jw 8 Soap-I-fmWv ]s¶-Sp-Ø-Xv.- A-X-e awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 47

‰nsIm.Sn. sIm¬°-Ø, apwss_ F^v.kn, tIcfªmtÃ-gvkv, sNss∂ F^v. kn, t\\m¿Øv CuÃv bpssWs- s‰U- v,- F^- v.k- n˛- t- Kmh, ]q\\ F^v.-kn, U¬ln ssU\\m-tamkv. Cu Soap-I-fnse DS-a-ÿ-X- h-ln-°p-∂Xv cmPysØ {]ap-J-cmb {In°‰v Xmc-ßfpw, lnμn-bnse {]iÿ kn\\nam \\S≥am-cp-am-Wv. k®n≥sSUp¬°¿,- ku-c-hvKmw- Kp-en,- Fw.-Fkv. t[mWn,- A-`n-tj-Iv_-®≥,- lr-ZznIv tdmj≥, tPm¨ F{_mlmw XpS-ßnbh¿ BWv CXn¬ {][m-\\n-Iƒ. Hmtcm Soapw a‰v Fgv Soap-I-fpam-bn´v 2 a’-c-߃ hoXw Ifn- °-Ww. Hcp Ifn kz¥w X´-IØpw (home match)ASpØ Ifn FXn¿So-ans‚ ssaXm-\\Øpw (away match)Ifn-°Ww. F√m Soapw 14 a’-c-߃ hoXw Ifn-°Ww Pbn-°p-∂-So-an\\v 3 t]mbn‚pw, ka- \\nebmbm¬ Hcp t]mbn‚pw e`n-°pw. Hcp ssaXm-\\Øv Ggv a’-c- ߃ hoXw, samØw 8X7=56 a’-c-߬ \\SØpw. G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ t]mbn‚ v Ic-ÿ-am-°p∂ 4 Soap-Iƒ skan-ss^-\\-en¬ {]th-in-°pw. skan-ss^-\\epw 2 Ifn-Iƒ hoXw \\S-Øpw. Aßs\\ ss^\\¬ Dƒs∏sS samØw 56+4+1=61 a’-c-߃ \\-S°pw. Ign™ GXm\\pw h¿j-ß-fmbn temI-I∏v ^pSvt_m-fn-epw,- bq-tdm-∏n-epw, B{^n-°-bnepw em‰n≥ Ata-cn-°≥ cmPy-ß-fnepw Hs° Ifn-®n-cp∂ hntZ-i-Xm-c-ßsf henb {]Xn-^ew sImSpØv Hmtcm Soapw kz¥-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. Hcp Soan¬ Ifn-°p∂ 11 Xmc-ß- fn¬ Ipd-™Xv 5 Xmc-߃ C≥Uy-°m¿ Bbn-cn-°Ww F∂ \\n_- ‘\\ D≠v. C≥Uy≥ Ifn-°m-cpsS FÆw IqSn-bmepw Ipg-∏-an√. F∂m¬ Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw hntZ-i-Xm-c-߃ Bdn¬ IqSp-hm≥ ]mSn√- . hntZi- X- mc- ß- f- psS IqsS GXm\\pw a’c- ß- ƒ Ifn°- pt- ºmƒ, \\Ωp-sS-I-fn-°m-cp-sSbpw \\ne-hmcw sa®-s∏-Spw. Cu Soap-I-fpsS ]cn-io-e-I¿, amt\\-P¿, a‰p kmt¶-XnI hnZ-Kv≤¿ F√m-hcpw Xs∂ temI-Ønse {]apJ Soap-Iƒ°v th≠n {]h¿Øn®- h- c- mW- v. Hmtcm Soans- \\bpw Xncs- ™S- p°- p∂- X- pa- pX- ¬ If- Øn¬ Cd-°p-∂Xphsc hfsc Icp-X-temsS temI-\\n-e-hm-c-Øn¬ Xs∂-bmWv \\S-Øp-∂-Xv. ae-bm-fn-Ifmb k_nØv, c-l-t\\-jv, - {]-Zo-]v, kpim¥v amXyq,- sU≥k≥ XpS-ßn-b-hcpw hnhn[ Soap- Iƒ°mbn _q´v AWn-bp-∂p. GXm\\pw h¿j-߃°Iw eb-W¬ sa-kn, {Inkv‰ymt\\m sdmWmƒtUm, s\\-bva¿ F∂o {]ikvX Xmc- ߃ sIm®n-bn¬ Ifn-°p-∂Xv \\ap°v ImWp-hm≥ km[n°pw. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 48

-\\ΩpsS Fkv.-F®.v au≠n¬ Xs∂ Xma-kn-°p∂ kt¥m-jvIp-am¿ F∂ A¥¿ tZiob d^dn ]e Ifn-Ifpw \\nb-{¥n- °p-∂Xv \\Ωƒ I≠p. ho´n-en-cp∂v kzÿ-ambn Sn.hn bn¬ Ifn-Im- Wp-hm≥ km[n-°p-sa-¶nepw e£°-W-°n\\v Bcm-[-Isc ssaXm- \\Øv FØn-°p-hm≥ km[n-®Xv kwLm-S-I-cpsS Ign-hm-Wv. sIm®n- bn¬ \\S∂ 8 a’-c-߃ ImWp-hm≥ \\mep e£-Øn-e-[nIw ^pSvt_mƒ t{]an-Iƒ FØn-bn-cp-∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬ C≥Uy≥ ^pSvt_m-fns‚ Hcp Db¿sØgp-t∂¬∏n-\\mWv Ct∏mƒ Bcw`w Ipdn-®-ncn°p∂-Xv. skan-ss^-\\-en¬ H∂mw ÿm\\-°m-cmb sNss∂sb tXm¬]n®v \\memw ÿm\\-°m-cmb tIc-f-hpw, c≠mw kvYm\\-°m- cmb tKmhsb tXm¬]n®v ap∂mw ÿm\\-°m-cmb sIm¬°-Øbpw ss^\\-en¬ {]th-in-®p.- Un-kw_¿ 20˛mw XobXn t_mws_bn¬ h®v \\S∂ hmin-tb-dnbss^\\-en¬ k®n≥ sX≥Up¬°-dns‚ Soamb tIc-fm-ªm-tÃ-gvkns\\ GI-]-£n-b-amb Hcp tKmfn\\v kuchv KmwKpe- nb- psS Soamb AXve‰- nt- °m.S- n. sIm¬°Ø tXm¬]n®v {]Ya ISL IncoSw kz¥a- m°- n. hnPb- nI- ƒ°v 8 tImSnc- q]- bpw c≠mw ÿm\\- °m¿°v 4 tImSn cq]bpw kΩm-\\-ambn e`n-®p. Bdv Nm\\-ep-I-fn-embn X’-ab kwt{]-jWw sNbvX Ifn- Iƒ GI-tZiw 45 tImSn P\\-߃ ]e cmPy-ß-fn-embn I≠-Xm- bmWv dnt∏m¿´v. temI-sa-ºmSpw \\S-°p∂ ^pSvt_mƒ Sq¿W-sa‚p- I-fn¬ Ct∏mƒØs∂ ISL c≠mw ÿm\\Øv FØn-°-gn-™p.- A-SpØ 20 h¿j-Øn-\\Iw temI-I∏v ss^\\¬ a’-c-߃ C≥Uy- bn¬ \\S-°p-sa∂v \\Ωƒ°v {]Xo-£n-°mw. 2019˛20 ¬ ISL s‚ 6˛mw kok-Wn¬ 10 Soap-Iƒ ]s¶-Sp-Øp. 2020 am¿®v 14 \\v tKmh-bnse ^t‰m¿Um tÃUn-b-Øn¬ sImtdmW `oXnsb XpS¿∂v ImWnI- sf A\\ph- Z- n°- msX AS®- n´ tÃUnb- Ø- n¬ \\S∂ ss^\\¬ a’-c-Øn¬ sNss∂sb tXmev∏n®v I¬°Ø IncoSw NqSn. awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 49

\\mjW¬ anjy≥ tIm¨^d≥kv tIcf ItØmen°m k`bpsS tI{μImcymebamb FdWmIpfØpff ]mÃd¬ Hmdnbt‚j≥ sk‚dns‚ (]n. H. kn) kph¿Æ Pq_nentbmSv A\\p_‘n®v 2018 P\\phcn 26 apX¬ 28 hsc Hcp tZiob t{]jnX ktΩf\\w \\S°pIbp≠mbn. tIcf ItØmen°m k`bnse kotdm ae_m¿, eØo≥, ae¶c hn`mKßfpsS tI{μ Bÿm\\amWv ]n.H. kn. AXmbXv 32 cp]XIfpsS Xeÿm\\w, GItZiw 500 BfpIƒ ]s¶SpØ Cu ktΩf\\Øn¬ C≥UybpsS hnhn[ `mKßfn¬\\n∂pw t{]jnXcmbn tkh\\w A\\pjvTn°p∂ [mcmfw sshZnIcpw, I\\ymkv{XoIfpw Aflmbcpw D≠mbncp∂p. Fkv. F®v. au≠v tZhmebØn¬ 1996 apX¬ anI® coXnbn¬ {]h¿Øn®phcp∂ anj\\dn Atkmkntbj≥ Hm^v Iv\\m\\mb sebv‰nbnse AwKßfmb \\mept]¿ Cu ktΩfØn¬ ]s¶SpØp. tIm´bw cq]Xbn¬\\n∂pw Rßsf IqSmsX _lp. Pbn°_v XSØne®\\pw, 2 kntÃgvkpw D≠mbncp∂p. 26˛mw XobXn cmhnse 10 aWn°v sI.kn._n.kn. {]knU≠v A`nhμy B¿®v _nj∏v dh. kptk]mIyw A≤y£X hln® tbmKØn¬ kn. _n.kn.sF {]knU≠v I¿Zn\\mƒ am¿ _tkentbmkv ¢naokv ImtØen°m _mh ktΩf\\w DZvLmS\\w sNbvXp. AXn\\ptijw k`bpsS t{]jnX ZuXysØ°pdn®v Xet»cn cq]XbpsS klmb sa{Xm≥ am¿ tPmk^v ]mwπm\\n, \\mKv]q¿ B¿® _nj∏v am¿ F{_lmw hncpØnIpfßc F∂nh¿ kwkmcn®p. D®bv°v tijw C≥Uybnse anj≥ {]h¿Ø\\sØ°pdn®v tKml´n cq]XbpsS ap≥ B¿®v _nj∏v A`nhμy am¿ tXmakv ta\\mw]dºn¬, _Ivk¿ cq]XbpsS _nj∏v am¿ sk_mÃy≥ I√p]pc, _metkm¿ cq]X _nj∏v am¿ sska¨ Imb∏pdw F∂nh¿ {]kwKn®p. sshIpt∂cw 6 aWn°v eØo≥ doØn¬ \\S∂ Znhy_en°v B¿®v _nj∏v kqsk]mIyw apJy Im¿ΩnI\\mbncp∂p. 7 aWn apX¬ \\S∂ Iemk‘ybn¬ kvIqƒ hnZym¿∞n\\nIƒ DØtc¥y≥ kwÿm\\ßfnse \\mtSmSn \\rØßfpw, FdWmIpfØpff Hcp {Sq∏v Nhn´v \\mSIhpw awKe- b- m{- XI- ƒ 50