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C§- s\\bpÅ- h- c- psS Poh- nX- - ¯n-Â- h-fsc h-ep-Xm-Imw-. Po-hn-X-¯n-Â- -tXmäp- -t]‑m-sb¶p- -tXm¶pt¼mÄ- \\-ãs¸«p- I-gn-ªp- hn-e-]‑n- Po-hn-Xw- A-h-km-\\n-¸n-¡p-I-b-Ã-, a-dn-¨v -t]mcm-Sp-hm-³- DÅ- - kab- a- mW- v F¶- v a\\- Ê- ne- m¡- pI- b- mW- v \\m‑ w- t- hïX- .v ¨n-«v F-´v Im-cyw-? A-Xm-Wv b-Ym-À-°- Po-hn-Xw- F-¶v \\‑mw- Xn-cn-¨-dn-b-Ww-. am-ä-Ww-, am-d-Ww-. B- a-\\p- Ft¸mg‑pw- Hm-À-¡-Ww-, -t]‑mcm-Sn-b-h-cpsS Po-hn-Xw- am-{Xta N-cn-{X-¯n-Â- C-Sw- ]‑n-Sn-¨n-«p-Åq-. A-ÃmsX jy-cpw- A-h-À-¡p- Np-äp-ap-Å- -t]‑mcm-Sm-¯- a-\\p-jy-cpsSX-Ã-...! kaq-l-hpw- am-d-Ww-. Po-hn- X-¯n-Â- h-cp-¶- F-´v {]-Xn-kÔn-Isfbpw- -t\\ cn-Sm-\\p-Å- -ss[cyw- _m-ey- Im-ew- ap-X-Â- G-h-cn-epw- h-f-À-¯-Ww-, h-f-c-Ww-. hni- z- mk- t- am Ch- À- ¡- v CÃ- msX ]-I-cw- ]-cn-l-kn-¡m-\\pw- -t]‑mcm-«-¯n-eqsS am-{Xta D-]-{Z-hn-¡m-\\pw- kzm-À-°- -t]mIp-¶p-. at\\‑m`m-ht¯m-sS -s] Po-hn-Xw- apt¶m«p- -sImïp- cp-am-dm-\\‑pw- Nn-e-À- F-¦n-epw- -t]mcm-Sp-hm-³- D-Å- I-cp- ap-¶n-ep-ïv. B-À-¡pw- G-Xp- -t]mIm-\\m-hp- F-¶pw- \\n-an-j-hpw- B- a-\\p-jy-cpsS ¯pw- a-\\-Êpw- a-\\p-jy-À-¡v A-h-kvY- D-ïmtb¡mw- A-Xn-\\p- -thïn- B-ß- F-¶pw- -t]mcm-Sp-hm-³- D-Å- C-Ãm-Xm-hm-³- A-dntªm -ss[cyw- -tNmÀ-¶p- -t]mIm- hn-i-zm-khpw- -ss[cy-hpw- sa¶pw- \\mw- Xnc- n¨- d- nb- p¶- nÃ- .- A-dn-bmsX-tbm Np-äp- Po-hn-Xs¯ F-§s\\ -t\\ B-h-iy-amsW¶pw- G-h- cn-S-Ww- Ft¶m am-\\-kn-I- ap-Å- kaq-l-hpw- Im-c-W- kwL- À- j- §- tfmSv F§- s\\ cpw- Xn-cn-¨-dn-b-Ww-. t- ]m‑ cmS- W- w- Fs¶m¶pw- Hc- p- am-Ip-¶p-ïv. asämcm-fpsS ]mT- y]- ²- X- nb- pw- NÀ- ¨- - s- N¿p- Po-hn-X-¯n-Â- -tXmäp- -t]‑m- ¶n-Ã-. Po-hn-X-¯n-Â- hn-P-bn- Po-hn-X-¯nte¡v A-\\m-h- ¡p¶- h- -cpsS am-{Xw- ]‑p-dsI sb¶p- -tXm¶pt¼mÄ- Po- -t]mIp-¶- -temIw- ]-cm-P- iya- mb- n- IS- ¶- psNÃm³- - \\½- - bs¸Sp-¶- A-h-cpsS a-\\-Êv hnX- w- Ah- k- m\\- n¸- n¡- pI- b- Ã- ,- Im-Wp-¶n-Ã-. B-g-¯nte¡v Ä- an-Sp-¡-cm-Wv. F-¶m-Â- C-d-§nsN¶m-Â- am-{Xta a-dn-¨v -t]mcm-Sp-hm-³- D-Å- \\-ap-¡v A-hsc -ssI]n-Sn-¨p- a-äp-Å-hsc a-\\-Ên-em-¡m-³-, I-b-äm-³- km-[n-¡q-. A-Xn- ka-b-am-Wv F-¶v a-\\-Ên-em- \\‑pt]mepw- ]-et¸mgpw- \\‑mw- A-h-cpsS a-\\-Êv Xn-cn-¨- X-¿m-dm-Ip-¶n-Ã-. A-§s\\ ¡p-I-bm-Wv \\mw- -thï-Xv. Hc- p- s- sI¯m§- v e`- n¡- m-¯- dn-bm-³-, A-h-À-¡v ]-d-bm- Xv -sImïm-Ipw- Nn-et¸mÄ- A-Xm-Wv b-Ym-À-°- Po-hn-Xw- B- a-\\p-jy-À- A-h-cpsS Po- \\p-Å-Xnt\\mSv £-atbm-sS hn-Xw- A-h-km-\\n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. F-¶v \\mw- Xn-cn-¨-dn-b-Ww-. AtX, kaql- ¯- ns- â ]¦- pw- ImtXmÀ-¡m-³-, A-hsc H-¶v Ft¸mgp‑ w- HmÀ- ¡- W- w,- t- ]m‑ cm- B-i-z-kn-¸n-¡m-³-, A-§s\\ Sn-b-h-cpsS Po-hn-Xw- am-{Xta ]-e-Xpw- \\-ap-¡v km-[n-¡m- N-cn-{X-¯n-Â- C-Sw- ]‑n-Sn-¨n-«p- dn-Ã-. kw-L-À-j-§-fpsS Åq-. A-ÃmsX -t]‑mcm-Sm-¯- \\n-e-h-d-bm-b- a-\\-Ên-Â- \\n- a-\\p-jy-cpsSX-Ã-...! ¶v k-t´mj-¯n-sâbpw- kam-[m-\\-¯n-sâbpw- -s\\Ãv -sXcsªSp-¡m-³- A-hsc klm-bn-¡m-³- ]-et¸mg‑pw- \\-ap-¡v I-gn-bpw-. ] t£ B- D-Zy-a-¯n-Â- ] s¦Sp-¡msXbpw- Xm-Xv]- cyw- Im-Wn-¡msXbpw- ]-cn- {i-an-¡msXbpw- h-en-b- -sX- äm-Wv \\-½-Ä- -sN¿p-¶-Xv. H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 99

Rashida Beevi J S (Malayalam ) ka-Im-en-I- C-´y-bpw- -sNdp-¯p\\n-Â-¸pw-: t]mcm-«-§-fnte¡v Hsc¯nt\\m«w- Hmtcm \\na- nj- h‑ - pw- \\m‑ w- AX- n- ¯-ep-I-Ä-¡pw- Nq-j-W-§-Ä- P-\\-§-fm-Â- Xn-csªSp- ¡pw- hnt[b-am-bns¡mïn- ¡s¸«- P\\- {- ]X- n\\- n[- nI- f- psS Po-h-\\-¯n-\\m-bn- s]‑mcp-Xn- - cn-¡p-¶p-. \\‑mw- \\-½psS `c- W- a- mW- v P\\- m[- n]- X- ya- mb- n- s¡mïnc- n¡- pI- b- mW- .v \\½- psS Np-äp-]‑m-Spw- It®mSn-¨m-Â- I-W-¡m-¡p-¶-Xv. X-§-fpsS A-h-Im-i§-Ä-¡pw- kzm-X- \\y‑ q\\- ]- £- - hn`- mK- ¡- mÀ- - X§- - A-h-Im-i-§-Ä- kw-c-£n- {´y¯- n\\- p‑ w- t- hïn- \\m‑ w- A\\- p‑ - fpsS A-h-Im-i-§-Ä-¡m-bn- ¡s¸Spsa¶- hn-i-zm-k¯n- \\n-an-jw- -t]‑mcm-Sns¡mïn- C-¶pw- -s]‑mcp-Xn- -sImïn-cn- t·emW- v Hmtcm {]m‑ h- i- yh- pw- cn-¡p-¶- H-cp- Im-gvN-bm-Wv ¡p-¶-Xv Im-Wm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. A-h-À- P-\\-{]-Xn-\\n-[n-Isf C-¶s¯ -temI-¯v \\-ap- Fs¶¦ne- pw- Hc- n¡- Â- - Ah- À- - -sXcsªSp-¡p-¶-Xv. ¡v Im-Wm-³- I-gn-bp-¶-Xv. ¡v Ah- c- psS Ah- I- mi- §- Ä- - F-¶m-Â- P-\\-§-Ä- {]-Xo-£n- Hmtc‑mcp-¯-cpw- C-¶v kz-bw e-`n-¡ptam F-¶p-Å-Xn-\\pw- ¡p-¶- H-¶pw- Xs¶ `-c-W- tNmZnt¡ï- H-cp- -tN‑mZy- A-h-À-¡v \\o-Xn-e-`n-¡ptam h-À-¤-¯n-Â- \\n-¶pw- e-`n-¡p- am-Wv kzm-X-{´ym-\\-´-c- F¶- pÅ- X- n\\- pw- hyà- X- b- nÃ- .- ¶n-Ã-. P-\\m-[n-]-Xy- cm-Py-¯v C-´y-bn-Â- F-Ãm-h-cpsSb‑pw- P-\\-§-fpsS A-h-Im-i-§-Ä- H-cp- ]-u-c-sâ A-´-Êpw- hy- A-h-Im-i-§-Ä- kw-c-£n-¡ kwc- £- nt¡ï- `c- W- m[- nI- m- ànX- z- h- pw- kzmX- {- ´yh- pw- Dd- - s¸Sp-¶ptïm? C-´y-³- cn-I-fpw- \\n-b-a-hy-h-kvYn-Xn- ¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn-\\v `-c-W-I-À- `-c-W-L-S-\\- A-\\p-im-kn- I-fpw- \\n-b-a-]‑m-e-I-cpw- A-h- ¯m-¡-Ä- {i-ant¡ï-Xp-ïv. ¡p¶- - FÃ- m- au- e- nI- - Ah- I- m- Im-i- kw-c-£-W-¯n-\\m-bn- F-¶m-Â- -s]mXp-P-\\-§-fpsS i§- f- pw- P\\- m[- n]- X- ya- qe- y§- - \\n-e-\\n-Â-¡p-¶n-Ã- F-¶p-am- kz¯- n\\- pw- kzmX- {- ´y¯- n\\- pw- fpw- G-h-À-¡pw- Xp-ey-am-b- co- {X-a-Ã-, A-Sn-¨-a-À-¯-en-sâ Ah- I- mi- §- Ä- ¡- pw- \\nb- a- ]- m‑ - Xn-bn-Â- e-`y-am-Ip-¶ptïm?. Nm«- h- md- pw- t- ]dnb- mW- v Ah- À- - eI- À- - t- hï{- X- ]c- nK- W- \\- I- Ä- - C-u- h-À-¯-am-\\- Im-e-¯v Hmtc‑mcp-¯-cpw- \\n-e-\\n-Â-¡p- \\-Â-Ip-¶n-Ã-. \\n-b-a-¯n-sâ \\y‑ q\\- ]- £- k- aql- w- Ah- I- mi- - ¶-Xv. Zr-ãn-bn-Â- F-Ãm- ]-u-c·m- ew-L-\\-§-Ä-¡pw- A-Sn-¨-a-À- P\\- §- Ä- - P\\- §- Ä- ¡- v t- hïn- cpw- ka-·m-cm-Wv. A-Xn-\\m- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 100

Wv a-u-en-I- A-h-Im-i-§-Ä- C´- y³- - `c- W- L- S- \\- b- nÂ- - DÄ- s¸Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. H-cp- a-\\p-jy-\\v A-Sn-kvYm-\\- ]-c-am-bn- e-`nt¡ï- A-h- Im-i-§sfbm-Wv a-u-en-Im-h- Im-i-§-Ä- F-¶v ]-d-bp-¶-Xv. Poh- n¡- p¶- X- n\\- p‑ w- k©c- n¡- p- ¶X- n\\- pw- A`- n{- ]m‑ b- §- Ä- - t- c- Js¸Sp¯- p¶- X- n\\- pa- pÅ- - Ah- - Im-i-§-Ä- C-Xn-Âs¸Sp-¶p-. F-¶m-Â- h-À-¯-am-\\- Im-e- C-´y-bn-Â- -s]mXp- kaq-l-¯n-sâ A-h-Im- i-§-Ä- Xp-em-kn-em-Wv. `-cn-¡p-¶-h-cpsS B-Z-À-i- §-Äs¡m¯v Po-hnt¡ï- K-XntISn-em-Wv C-¶s¯ `m-c-Xo-b-À-. `-cn-¡p-¶-h-cpsS hni- z- mk- §f- pw- BZ- À- i- §- f- pw- P-\\-§-fpsS-taÂ- A-Snt¨Â- ¸n-¡p-¶- H-cp- Im-gvN- \\-ap-¡v Im-Wm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. \\‑yq- \\-]-£- P-\\-Xsb \\n-c-´- cw- -th«-bm-Sp-¶- H-cp- `-c-W- h-À-¤-am-Wv C-hnsSbp-Å-Xv. isa¦ne- pw- Dï- mb- nc- n¡- W- w.- F-´v I-gn-¡-Ww- F-¶-Xpw- F-´v [-cn-¡-Ww- F-¶-Xpw- \\‑yq-\\-]-£- hn-`m-K-¯n-sâ F-¶m-Â- C-¶v \\-ap-¡v Hmtc‑mhy-àn-bpsSbpw- hy- àn-]-c-am-b- Im-cy-§-fm-Wv. kzm-X-{´y-¯n-\\‑pw- Po-hn-X- \\-½psS C-ã-`-£-W-§-Ä- A-h-bn-Â- \\-ap-¡v ew-L-\\- §-Ä- G-Às¸Sp-¯m-³- I-gn- ¯n-\\‑pw- -sXmgn-en-\\pw- hn I-gn-¡p-¶-Xn-\\p-Å- A-h- bnÃ- .- a\\- pj- ysc \\nj- Iv c- pW- w- -sImÃp-I-bpw- ar-K-§-fpsS -i-zm-k§-Ä-¡pw- B-Nm-c-§- Im-i-an-Ã-. \\-½psS kw-c-£-W-¯n-\\m-bn- ap-d-hn- fn-Iq-«p-I-bpw- -sN¿p-¶-Xn-sâ Ä¡- pw- Iq¨- ph- ne- §- nS- p¶- - `c- - h-À-¯-am-\\-Im-e- Po-hn-X- bp-àn- a-\\-Ên-em-¡m-³- I-gn- bp¶- nÃ- .- Hc- p- kp{- ]`- mX- ¯- nÂ- - W- \\-b-§-fm-Wv C-¶p-Å-Xv. ¯n-Â- \\‑mw- \\n-c-´-cw- -tI«n- \\‑mw- Hmtcmcp-¯-cpw- \\mw- Xn-csªSp-¯-X-Ã- \\-½psS Cu- sbmcp- kml- N- c- y¯- ne- m- «p-Å- H-cp- Im-cy-am-Wv _o-^v- Bl- mc- {- Ia- §- Ä- .- hÀ- j- §- f- m- bn- \\½- psS kwk- Iv mc- ¯- ns- â Wv A-Xn-Po-h-\\-¯n-\\m-bp-Å- s^kväv. F-´psImïm-Wv `m-K-am-b-h-bm-W-h- H-cp- kp- {]-`m-X¯- n-Â- A-h- Hg- n-hm¡- - t- ]mcm«- s¯ Ipd- n¨- v \\mw- NÀ- - H-cp- hn-`m-K-¯n-\\v _o-^v- ¨- -sN-t¿ï-Xv. s^käv v \\S- t¯ï- Ah- k- Yv - F-Ãm- ]-u-c-·m-À-¡pw- Xp-ey- h-¶-Xv F-¶v \\mw- Nn-´n-¨n- A-h-Im-i-am-Wv \\-½psS cm- Py-¯v D-ïm-bn-cnt¡ï-Xv. «ptïm? H-cp- hn-`m-K-¯n-sâ \\a- p¡- v Cã- s¸«- `£- W- w- Ig- n- ¡ph- m\\- p‑ w- Cã- s¸«- hk- v{Xw- A-`n-{]m-b-§-Ä-¡-\\p-kr-X- [-cn-¡m-\\p-ap-Å- A-h-Im- am-bn- C-´ysbm«msI X-§- fpsS `-£-W-Im-cy-¯n-Â- am- äw- h-cp-¯-Wsa¶v \\-ap-¡v im‑T- yw- ]‑n-Sn-¡m-\\m-hn-Ã-. H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 101

Ww- F-¶v ]-d-bp-¶Xv -Xo-À- hy-àn-¡pw- C-´y-³- `-c-W- §-fn-Â- -tKmh-[w- F-¶- -t] ¯pw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡m-³- I-gn- cn-Â- a-\\p-jy-Ip-cp-Xn-bpw- a-\\p- bp-¶- H-cp- {]-kvXm-h-\\-b-Ã-. L-S-\\- \\-Â-In-bn-«p-ïv. jysc -s]mXp- \\n-c-¯p-I- \\‑mw- [-cn-¨psImïn-cn-¡p-¶- fn-Â- B-{I-an-¡p-¶-Xpw- ho- h-kv{X-[m-c-W-co-Xn- H-cp- kp- \\n-e-hn-ep-Å- `-c-W-h-À-¤w- ïpsamcp- kzm-X-{´y-¯n- {]`- mX- ¯- nÂ- - Dt]£n¡- W- w- \\m-bp-Å- -t]mcm-«-¯n-\\v F-¶v ]-d-bp-¶-Xpw- \\-½psS C-¯-cw- A-h-Im-i-§sf Xp-S-¡w- Ip-dn-¡p-¶- kw-`- hyà- nk- zmX- {- ´ys¯ \\n‑ tj h-§-fm-Wv. intcmh-kv{Xw- [n¡- p¶- X- n\\- v D¯- a- D- Z- ml- c- - \\‑ntj[n-¡pt¼mgm-Wv \\mw- [-cn-¡p-¶-Xv H-gn-hm-¡m-¯- W-am-Wv. Xm-³- F-´-v- tP‑men- Xn-sâ -t]cn-Â- Ip-«n-I-Ä-¡v sN¿-Ww-, F-´-v hkv{Xw- Hmtcmcp¯- -cpw- \\-½psS \\n-e- A-h-cpsS a-u-en-I- A-h- [-cn-¡-Ww-, F-hnsS-sbm-s¡ Im-i-am-b- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- k©-cn-¡-Ww-, G-Xp- a-X- \\n-Â-¸n-\\m-bn- -t]mcm-Sp-¶-Xv. -t]‑me‑pw- \\‑ntj[n-¡p-¶- ¯n-Â- hn-i-z-kn-¡-Ww-, Im-gvN-bpw- \\mw- I-ïp-. G-Xv B-Nm-c- A-\\p-jvTm- C-´ym- a-lm-cm-Pyw- C-¶v X§- f- psS hnZ- ym`- ymk- kvYm- \\-§-Ä- A-\\p-jvTn-¡-Ww- ]-\\-§-fn-Â- \\n-¶pw- ]p-d- Fs¶ms- ¡ Xoc- pa- m\\- n¡- p¶- - A¯- c- ¯- ne- pÅ- - Hc- p- t- ]m‑ cm- ¯m-¡s¸Sp-¶- C-u- \\‑yq- Xn-\\p-Å- A-[n-Im-cw- Hmtcm \\-]-£- hn-`m-Kw- X-§-fpsS «¯- n\\- v XpS- ¡- w- Ipd- n¨- nc- n¡- p- A-h-Im-i-¯n-\\m-bn- -t]‑mcm- Sp-¶-Xpw- \\mw- I-ïp-. I-bm-Wv. I-À-Wm-S-I-bnse -sshImsX h-À-¯-am-\\-Im-e- C-´y-bn-Â- X-§-fpsS A-h- D-Up-¸n-bnse -tIm-tfPp- Imi- §- Ä- ¡- mb- n- t- ]m‑ cmS- p¶- - H-cp- hn-`m-Kw- P-\\-§-Ä- \\n-Xy- I-fn-Â- H-cp- hn-`m-K-¯n-\\v Im-gvN-bm-bn-am-dp-¶-Xm-Wv. ]-W-¯n-sâbpw- A-[n-Im-c- X-§-fpsS a-Xm-Nm-c-¯n-sâ ¯n-sâbpw- ]n-³-_-e-¯n-Â- km-[m-c-W- P-\\-hn-`m-K-¯n- `m-K-am-bp-Å- intcmh-kv{Xw- sâ A-h-Im-i-§sfbm-Wv A-[n-Im-cn- h-À-¤-§-Ä- A-Sn- [-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\\p-Å- A-\\p- ¨-a-À-¯p-¶-Xv. \\mw- \\-½psS ap-¶n-Â- \\-S-¡p-¶- F-Ãm- a-Xn- \\ntj[n-¡p-¶-Xpw- A-\\o-Xn-I-Ä-¡pw- F-Xnsc I-®-S-bv¡p-I-bm-Wv -sN¿p- D-¯tc´y-³- kw-kvYm-\\- ¶-Xv. C-hsbm¶pw- \\s½ _m-[n-¡p-¶- {]-iv\\-a-ÃtÃm F-¶- Nn-´-bm-Wv \\s½ Hmtcmcp-¯scbpw- `-cn-¡p- ¶-Xv. C-usbmcp- Nn-´m-K- Xn-bm-Wv \\mw- amtäï-Xv. \\-½psS \\m-«n-Â- \\-S-¡p-¶- Hmtcm{]-iv\\-hpw- \\s½b‑pw- _m-[n-¡p-¶-h-bm-Wv. H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 102

A-hs¡Xnsc \\mw- -t]‑mcm-Sn- Po-h-³- A-]-l-cn-¨- hy-àn- A-h-Im-i-am-Wv A-Xv bn-Ã- F-¶psï¦n-Â- \\‑msf ¡v kaq-l-¯n-Â- D-¶-X- CtX {]-iv\\-§-Ä- \\‑mw- kvYm-\\-hpw-. -sIme-]‑m-X- B-cpsSbpw- H-u-Zm-cy-a-Ã-. A-`n-ap-Jo-I-cnt¡ïn-h-cpw-. It¯¡mÄ- - he- nb- I- pä- a- mW- v B- \\n-an-jw- \\-ap-¡‑v am- -tamj-Ww- F-¶-Xv Gsd Cu- - Hc- p- Nn´- b- mW- v \\½- psS dn- \\n-Â-¡m-\\m-hn-Ã-. A-Xn- -sR«n-¡p-¶- h-kvXp-X-bm- \\m-Â- kaq-l-¯nse Hmtcm Wv. \\mw- C-Xn-Â- \\n-¶v Nn- D-Ån-Â- B-Zyw- D-u-«n-bp-d- Nq-j-W-§-Ä-¡pw- A-Sn-¨-a-À- ´nt¡ï- H-¶p-ïv, \\yq- ¯-ep-I-Ä-¡pw- F-Xnsc \\ \\-]-£-hn-`m-Ks¯bm-Wv ¸nt¡ï-Xv. -t]mcm-«-§- mw- -t]mcmtSï-Xp-ïv. Ft¸mgpw- -th«-bm-Sp-¶-Xv, A-hsc F-´v -sNbvXm-epw- fn-eqsS am-{Xta \\-ap-¡v \\-½psS cm-Py-¯v H-cn-¡- B-cpwtNmZn-¡m-\\n-Ã- epw- Xp-ey-\\o-Xn- \\-S-¸n-em- Fs¶mcp- at\\m`m-h-am-Wv \\-½psS A-h-Im-i-§sf ¡p-¶n-Ã-. km-[m-c-W-¡m-c-\\v F-Ãm-h-À-¡p-ap-Å-Xv. kaq- H-cp- \\o-Xn- ]-W-hpw- ]-Z-hn- l-¯n-sâ D-¶-X- -t{iWn-bn- kw-c-£n-¡m-\\pw- h-cpw-X- bpw- D-Å-h-À-¡v H-cp- \\o-Xn- ep-Å-h-cpsS -sXäp-I-Ä-¡v Fs¶mcp- at\\m`m-h-am-Wv in-£- \\-Â-Im-³- \\n-b-aw- e-ap-d-bv¡m-bn- ]-I-À-¶p- C-hnsS \\-S-¡p-¶-Xv. ]-W- -t]‑mepw- `-b-¡p-¶p- F-¶m- ¯n\\- ptaÂ- ]c- p´- pw- ]d- ¡- nÃ- - Wv C-u- kw-`-h-§-fn-Â- \\n-¶v \\-Â-Im-\\‑pw- I-gn-bp-. \\-½psS Fs¶mcp- ]-gsamgn- \\-½psS \\-ap-¡v a-\\-Ên-em-¡m-³- I-gn- \\m-«n-Â- {]-Nm-c-¯n-ep-ïv, bp-¶-Xv. km-[m-c-W-¡m-c-\\v ap³- X- e- a- pd- - \\S- ¯- nb- - t- ]mcm- C-u- ]-gsamgnsb A-\\-z-À-°- in-£-bpw- A-Ãm-¯-h-À-¡v am-¡p-¶- co-Xn-bn-ep-Å- kw- A-\\ptamZ-\\-hpw-. «-§-fpsS ^-e-am-Wv \\m-an-¶v `-h- hn-Im-k§-fm-Wv \\-ap- ¡v Im-Wm-³- I-gn-bp-¶-Xv. A-\\p-`-hn-¡p-¶- kzm-X-{´yw-. hn-i-¸n-sâ Im-Tn-\\y-¯m-Â- H-cp- -t\\cs¯ B-lm-cw- Pm-Xnh-À-¤h-À-®- -enw-K- A-\\p-hm-Z-an-ÃmsX `-£n-¨- a-[p- F-¶- Z-fn-Xv bp-hm-hns\\ hnthN-\\-§-Äs¡Xnscb‑pw- \\m«- pI- mÀ- - FÃ- mh- c- pw- t- NÀ¶- v -tamj-W-¡p-äw- Btcm]‑n-¨v tkz-Ñm-[n-]-Xy- `-c-W- a-À-±n-¨v -sImes¸Sp-¯n-b- kw-`-hw- \\-S-¶-Xv \\-½psS \\-b-§-Ä-¡psaXnscbpw- kz-´w- -tIc-f-¯n-em-Wv. a-Zy-e-l-cn-bn-Â- H-cp- bp-hm- H-cp- P-\\-X- -t]‑mcm-Sn-b-Xn-sâ hn-sâ Po-h-³- A-]-l-cn-¨- hy-àn-¡v X-¡-Xm-b- in-£- ^-e-am-Wv \\m-an-¶v A-\\p- \\-Â-ImsX B- hy-àn-¡v A-[n-Im-cw- \\-Â-In-b- kw-`-h- `-hn-¡p-¶- C-u- kzm-X- hpw- \\-S-¶-Xv \\-½psS -tIc-f- ¯n-Â- Xs¶bm-Wv. H-cp- -t\\ {´yw-. A-Xn-\\m-Â- C-¶v cs¯ B-lm-cw- A-]-l- cn-¨- bp-hm-hn-\\v a-c-W- in- \\‑yq-\\-]-£-hn-`m-Kw- A-\\p-`- £- F¶- mÂ- - Hc- p- a\\- pj- ys- â hn-¡p-¶- A-Sn-¨-a-À-¯-ep-I- Äs¡Xnsc -t]‑mcmtSï-Xv kz-´w- A-`n-{]m-b-§-Ä- A-Xy-´mt]£n-X-am-Wv. Bscbpw- `-b-¡msX a-dn-¨v BsW¦n-Â- C-u- {]-I-Sn-¸n-¡m-³- -t]mep-ap-Å- H-cp-hn-`m-Kw- \\-½psS `m-c-X- Ah- I- mi- w- C¶- nÃ- .- `qc- n]- £- - a-®n-Â- \\n-¶v Xs¶ Xp-S- hn`- mK- ¯- ns- â A`- n{- ]m‑ b- s¯ ¨p-\\o-¡s¸Spw-. N-cn-{Xs¯ AtX-t]‑m-se Aw-Ko-I- -t]mepw- h-fs¨mSn-¡p-I-bpw- cnt¡ï- H-c-h-kvY-bm-Wv A-h-c-h-cpsS ln-X-¯n-\\m-bn- C-¶p-Å-Xv. \\mw- Hmtc‑mcp- amä- n- Fg- pX- s¸SpI- b- pw- s- N¿p- ¯-cpw- C-´y-a-lm-cm-Pys¯ ¶- km-l-N-cy-hpw- \\m-an-¶v ]-u-c·m-cm-Wv. \\-ap-¡v G-h- A-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. À-¡pw- `-c-W-L-S-\\- A-\\p- A-h-bv-s¡Xnsc \\mw- i-Ðw- im-kn-¡p-¶- a-u-en-Im-h- D-b-À-¯p-I- Xs¶ -thWw-. Im-i-§-Ä- A-\\p-`-hn-¡m- C¶- ns- â iÐ- a- mW- v \\mf- s¯ \\p-Å- A-[n-Im-c-ap-ïv. \\n-e-\\n-Â-¸v. \\‑mw- Hmtcmcp-¯-cpw- \\-½psS A-h-Im-i-§-Ä-¡pw- A-[n- Im-c-§-Ä-¡pw- -thïn- -t]‑mc‑mtSïn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-. \\-½psS kzm-X-{´yw- \\-½psS H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 103

Neethu Babu (Mathematics ) We all are fighters Teacher asks in a class and announced India’s in- Naidu, Rani Laxmi Bhai, dependence. Savitribhai Phule, Bhika- 'Who are the real fight- Now do you think only men jiCama, Kasturba Gandhi. ers in our world '. 'Who patriated for the freedom of ‘Teacher says’ Yes,you are are the great warriors in our nation. A student says absolutely right. As there our world?’. Pupils looks ‘No along with them, may are two sides in a coin,both at each other at a great be a step ahead there exist men and women equally silence,one of a fellow real heroines who toiled strive and gifted us our in- stood up and answered. their blood and hardwork. dependence Khilafat issue, The freedom fighters are Few of them were Sarojini Satyagraha pledge, Wom- the warriors of our nation who gifted us the freedom and saved our nation from coward people. So accord- ing to me Gandhiji, Neh- ru, Subash Chandra Bose, Dr BR Ambedkar, Bhagat Singh arethe great war- riors.Teacher says ‘very good, They are the real he- roes, The Quit India Move- ment, Civil disobedience movement,Champaran sa- tyagraha led by our Bapu- ji, ‘Inqilab Zindabad’of Bhagat Singh. Netajis slo- gan ‘Give me blood and I will give you freedom '. Fi- nally,after suffering in the war, Britain finally gave in H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 104

A student answered ‘ According to my of the fallopian tube,. For opinion the warriors or fighters in our the 1000 sperm entering daily lives are our father and mother the tube, only around 200 itself. They are the pillars in the devel- actually reach the egg. In opment of a child’s wellbeing. Father is the end, only one lucky the real protector, the provider, and the sperm, who gifts us the life by God, we are the real sur- disciplinarian. vivor, We started our jour- ney with 5000 sperms and en empowerment,equality, sweat and life and devote fought, ran to reach first to self rule all gave us the fun- their life to see their chil- get life. Thus we are the damental rights'.‘Now, In dren’s happiness. They combatant, we are the sol- our daily life, Who do you plays multiple role ‘A man- dier who won the battle. think are the fighters. A ager for the family, Being a ‘Teacher explains, ‘What a student answered ‘Accord- teacher, World’s best chef, splendid opinion, As what ing to my opinion the war- Household nurse, Finan- he said, it’s not an easy riors or fighters in our dai- cial controller, promote task to swim over 152mm ly lives are our father and good behavior, Role mod- from the base of the cervix mother itself. They are the el, support, guidance and to the egg for fertilization. pillars in the development encouragement in winning Not every sperm is up to of a child’s wellbeing. Fa- life's battles.‘Now, is there the task,only one sperm is ther is the real protector, anybody to say your opin- needed, most sperm cells the provider, and the dis- ion ?A student stood up will not survive the jour- ciplinarian. Mother plays and said, ‘Yes, I think we ney. So, who are the great a huge role in children’s all each and every citizen warriors, it is each of us. lives, caring, loving and in the world are the real Due to our determination, managing family. ‘Teach- fighters, warriors heroes we reached here, we got er says’ Excellent thought, and heroines. I know you life. If we were not that Yes Mothers and Fathers all wonder how is that pos- one sperm to fertilize, we are the warriors. They sible, how can everybody won’t be anymore. So thus, sacrifice everything for become a fighter, Yes, I we all won our first battle. their children’s good fu- have an answer for that. Now there is many more ture. They act as a warrior Before our birth itself, we to win, We proved as a to full fill the needs of the all had acted as a warrior. real fighter. Now God has children. They don’t say For the nearly 5000 sperm given numerous chances ‘No, to anything for chil- that make into the ute- to again prove ourself. So dren’s good future instead ro tubal junction, around let’s fight for the needs of they work hard, fights with 1000 of these reach inside nation. Let’s be a warrior to win all the battle. So Be a fighter. Be a warrior. Be a survivor. Thank you. H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 105

Athrishna M. M (Malayalam ) C-u- hn-[w- \\q-]p-c- \\m-Zw- -tIÄt¡ï- ]m-Z-§-fn-Â- N-§-e-X-³- \\m-Zw- Ip-«n-¯w- Xp-fpt¼ï- I-®ntem Nn-¯-{`-a-¯n-³- A-esbmen-I-Ä- ]m-T-]p-kvX-I-¯n-³- Xm-fp-I-Ä- A-hsf `-b-N-In-X-bm-¡p-¶p- ¢m-kv ap-dn-bnse Hm-À-½-I-Ä- I-¬-]o-en-bn-Â- c-àw- No-´n-Sp-¶p- Kp-cp-`-àn- ]o-Ts¯ -s\\©nteän- Kp-cp-hn-sâ I-hn-X-bn-Â- e-bn-¨n-cns¡ A-hn-i-z-k\\o-b-amw- hn-[-¯n-Â- Im-e-¯n-³- I-en- Kp-cp-hn-³- in-c-kv -sh«n-ho-gv¯n- ap-¶n-Â- ]n-S-bp-¶- Po-hn-Xs¯ -s\\©nte¡v A-h-Ä -G-äp-hm-§n- Im-gvN-X-³- `o-Xntbm Kp-cp-hn-sâ kv-t\\ltam {`m-´n-³- N-§-e-A-h-Ät¡In- C-cp-fns\\ kv-t\\ln-¨-h-À- a-b-§pt¼mÄ- A-h-fnse -shfn-¨w- -sISp-¯n-b-h-À-¡m-bn- A-gn-I-Ä- Xp-d-¡p-¶p- cm-{ão-bt¡me-§-Ä- ]ns¶bpw- c-à-lm-cw- Nm-À-¯p-¶n-Xm-.. H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 106

Safna S Ia-g-dn-b-¡mm-¯-³- - -(Mathematics) t]mcm-«-§-Ä- kzmX- {- ´yw- t- \\SnsbSp¡- m- s- hSntb¡- pt¼mgpw- Ah- À- - F¶- v Ah- À- - Ad- nb- s¸Sp¶- p.- htµam-X-cw- F-¶v a-{´n-¨p- \\m-bn- Po-h-³- _-en-b-À-¸n-¨- sImïn-cp-¶p-. Asämcp- c-à-km- h-cn-Â- [m-cm-fw- -tZi-kv-t\\ £n-bm-Wv \"am-kvä-À-Zm-' F-¶- ln-I-fp-ïv. \\-½psS cm-Py- cmP- y¯- n\\- mb- n- Poh- - dn-bs¸Sp-¶- kq-cy-sk³-. ¯n-\\m-bn- -t]mcm-Sn- Po-h-³- ³- \\-Â-In-b- asämcp- h-\\n-X- {_n-«o-jv `-c-W-¯ns\\Xn- \\-Â-In-b- H-cp- {]-ap-J- h-\\n- bm-Wv {]o-Xn-e-X- ht±Zm-À-. cm-b- C-´y-³- kzm-X-{´y- X-bm-Wv am-Xw-Kn-\\n- l-kvc-. {]o-Xn-e-X- ht±Zm-À- H-cp- ka-c-¯nse hn-¹-h-Im-cn- Km-Ôn-b-³- X-X-z-§-Ä- D-b- kvIq-Ä- A-[ym-]n-I-bpw- bm-bn-cp-¶p- kq-cy-sk³-. À-¯n-¸n-Sn-¡m-³- -t]‑mcm- Nn-ätKm§nse {_n-«o-jv \\n-Êl-I-c-W- {]-kvYm- Sn-b- kzm-X-{´y-ka-c-¯nse hn-cp-²- {]-kvYm-\\-¯n-sâ \\-¯n-Â- kPo-h-am-bn-cp- hn-¹-h-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-¶p- {]-ap-J- -t\\Xm-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p-. ¶p- At±lw-. 1930 -se am-Xw-Kn-\\n- l-kvc-. I-zn-äv kq-cy-sk¶n-sâ hn-¹-h- {Kq- Nn-ätKm§v B-bp-[-¸p-c- -sd- C-´ym- ka-c-¯n-Â- kPo- ¸nse Aw-Ksa¶- \\n-e-bn-Â- bvUn-Â- {]-[m-\\- ]-¦v h-ln- h-am-bn-cp-¶- A-h-À- 1942 1932 sk]väw-_-À- 23\\v ]-l-À- ¨-XvAt±l-am-Wv. -t]meo-kv sk]‑väw-_-À- 29\\v ]-Ýn-a- Xm-en- bptdm]y-³- ¢-ºn-\\v B-bp-[-im-e- -sdbvUv -sN¿m- _wK- mf- nse Xme- p¡- v t- ]m‑ eo- -t\\-scbp-Å- km-bp-[m-{I-a- ³-, kq-cy-sk³- H-cp-Iq-«w- hn- kv kv-täj-³- ]n-Sns¨Sp- W-¯n-\\v -t\\Xr-X-zw- \\-Â-In-. ¹-h-Im-cn-Isf \\-bn-¨p-. H-Sp- ¡m-³- hn-¹-h-Im-cn-I-fpsS C-u- B-{I-a-W-¯n-sâ A-{I- hnÂ- - {_n«- oj- pI- mÀ- s¡Xnsc H-cp- -tLmj-bm-{X- \\-bn-¨p-. an-Isf {_n-«o-jv -t]‑meo-kv I-em-]w- \\-S-¯m-³- {i-an- t- ]m‑ eok- v P\\- ¡- q«- ¯- n\\- p- t- \\- ]n-Sn-Iq-Sn-. Xp-S-À-¶p-ïm-b- ¨-Xn-\\v 1934 P-\\p-h-cn- 12\\v sc -shSn-bp-Xn-À-¡p-I-bpw- 73 -shSnshbv¸n-Â- {]o-Xn-e-X- At±ls¯ Xq-¡nteän-. hb- Ê- pÅ- - B- [oc- l- rZ- b- ¯- n- bv¡v ]-cnt¡äp-. Xp-S-À-¶v \\v ac- W- w- kw`- h- n¡- pI- b- pw- s- N- {_n-«o-jv -t]meo-kv h-f-ªp-. asämcp- c-à-km- bXv p.- hr²- b- mb- - KmÔ- n- F¶- - A-d-kväv H-gn-hm-¡m-\\m-bn- £n-bm-Wv \"_m-Km- P-Xn-³-' A-À-°-¯n-Â- \"Km-Ôn- _p-cn-' A-h-À- kbss\\Uv I-gn-¡p- F-¶-dn-bs¸Sp-¶- P-Xo-{µ- F-¶m-Wv A-h-À- kv-t\\l- I-bpw- Po-h-³- Xy-Pn-¡p-I- \\m-Yv ap-J-À-Pn-. {_n-«o-jv ]‑q-À-Æw- A-dn-bs¸«n-cp-¶-Xv. bpw- -sNbvXp-. \"_w-Km-fnse `-c-W-¯n-Â- \\n-¶v am-Xr- aq-¶p-h-«w- Xp-S-À-¨-bm-bn- B-Zy- h-\\n-Xm- c-à-km-£n-' cm-Pys¯ c-£n-¡p-¶-Xn- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 107

\\m-bn- 1915 sk]väw-_-À- 10\\v c-¯nse G-ä-hpw- {]‑m-bw- Ip- C-¯-c-¯n-Â- [m-cm- {_n-«o-jv -t]meo-kp-am-bp-Å- fw- c-à-km-£n-I-Ä- kzm-X- -shSnshbv¸nÂ- - Kpc- p-Xc- a- m-bn- dª- - cà- k- m£- nI- f- nÂ- - Hc- m- {´y- ka-c-¯n-sâ ^-e-am-bn- ]c- nt¡äv At±lw- A´- c- n¨- p.- D-ïm-bn-. F-¦n-epw- X-f-cmsX kzm-an- hnthIm-\\-µ- fm-bn-cp-¶p- Jp-Zn-dm‑w- t_mkv. Xp-S-À-¶- -tZi- kv-t\\ln-I- sâ BZ- À- -i-§-fnÂ- - \\n-¶v {] fpsS -t]‑mcm-«-am-Wv \\s½ tNm‑ Z\\- w- DÄ- s¡mïv _mK- m- {_n-«o-jv No-^v a-Pn-kv-t{Säv kzm-X-{´y-¯nte¡v \\-bn- P-Xn-³- \\-S-¯n-b- [o-c-am-b- ¨-Xv. B-b-Xn-\\m-Â- F-Ãm- {]-kvXm-h-\\-I-fnsem¶m-Wv U-¥-kv Inw-Kvkv-t^mÀ- kzm-X-{´y- -t]mcm-fn-Is- \"cm-Pys¯ D-W-À-¯m-³- fb‑pw- Fs¶¶pw- \\-ap-¡v R-§-Ä- a-cn-¡pw-' F-¶-Xv. Uns\\ -sImÃm-³- {i-an-¡p- B-Z-cthm-sS kva-cn-¡mw-. asämcp- [o-c- cà- -km£- nb- m- Wv a-Wn-¸q-cn- ssk\\y-¯n- I-bpw- ]-cm-P-bs¸Sp-I-bpw- sâ I-am-³-U-dpw- Bwt¥m- a-Wn-¸q-À- bp-²-¯n-sâ -t\\ Xp-S-À-¶v 1908 B-K-kväv 11\\v Xm-hp-am-b- _n-À- \\‑ntI{µ- Pn-Xv knw-Kv. {_n-«o-jv 18- mw -h-b-Ên-Â- At±lw- Xq- kÀ-¡m-cns\\Xnsc a-Wn- ¸q-À- ssk\\‑ys¯ \\-bn-¨- ¡nteäs¸Sp-I-bpw sNbvXp-. At±lw- H-Sp-hn-Â- ]-cm-P- bs¸«p-. {_n-«n-jp-Im-À- 1891 a-lm-ßm-Km-Ôn- B-K-kväv 13\\v At±ls¯ Xq-¡nteän-. bpsS \\nÊ- lI- c- W- - {]k- vYm- 1942 -se I-zn-äv C-´ym- ka-c-¯nse {]-ap-J- \\-¯n-Â- ]s¦Sp-¯- H-cn- hn-Zym-À-°n- -t\\Xm-¡-fn-Â- H-cm-fm-bn-cp-¶p- -tlap-I-em- ´y-³- hn-¹-h-Im-cn-bm-Wv \\n-. {_n-«o-jv ssk\\ys¯ X-S-bm-³- X-sâ kp-lr-¯p- PX- o{- µ\\- mY- v Zmk- v. 63 Znh- k- w- ¡tfm-sSm¸w- -s{Sbn-³- ]‑m-fw- -sXän-¡m-³- At±lw- ]-²-Xn- \\n-cm-lm-c-ka-cw- \\-S-¯n-b- bn-Sp-I-bpw- H-Sp-hn-Â- ]-²- Xn- \\-S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xn-\\v ap-³-]‑v At±lw- A-\\-´-c-^-e-am-bn- ]‑n-Sn-bn-em-Ip-I-bpw sNbvXp-. a-\\p-jy-X-z- c-ln-X-am-b-co-Xn- a-c-Ws¸«p-. bn-Â- ]o-Un-¸n-¡s¸-s«¦n- epw- ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- D-Äs¸«- a-äv Aw-K-§sf At±lw- -shfn s¸Sp-¯n-bn-Ã-. H-Sp-hn-Â- 1943 P-\\p-h-cn- 21\\v 19---mw-h-b-Ên-Â- At±ls¯ Xq-¡nteän-. C-´y-bpsS kzm-X-{´y- ka- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 108

Ahalya Prakash (Natural Science ) {]- £Xo- - B- \\ne- mh- pÅ- - cm{- Xnb- nÂ- - ¶X- pw- Hm-À¯- p- InS- ¡- p-I-bm- Ã- -sNSnsb X-gp-InsImïv bnc- p¶- p.- F¶- mÂ- - AW- b- msX P-\\-Â- ]‑m-fn-bn-eqsS F-¯n- B-Im-is¯ \\-£-{X-§-Ä- Fc- nb- p¶- - Nn½- n\\- n- hnf- ¡- ns- â Ah- sf XtemSn- IS- ¶- pt]m‑ bn.- an-¶n-¯n-f-§p-¶-Xv -t]m-se, -shfn-¨w- A-h-Ä-¡v B-i-zm- -s]-s«¶v A-h-Ä- Xn-cn-ªp-. Poh- nX- ¯- n\\- p- {]X- o£- b- psS kam-Ip-¶p-ïv. A-h-Ä- -sa- A-Sp-¯n-cp-¶v XtemSn-b- Po-h-³- ]-I-À-¶p- \\-Â-Ip-¶- sà a-b-§m-³- Xp-S-§n-, D-d- A-½- F-hnsS? A-h-fpsS B- I-®p-I-Ä-¡v, kq-Nn-ap-\\ ¡-¯n-Â- A-½- A-h-fpsS I-®p-I-Ä- \\n-d-ªp- A-Xv sb¡mÄ- - aqÀ- ¨- b- pw- Xnf- ¡- h- pw- A-Sp-¯n-cp-¶p- A-hsf s- hdpw- Hc- p- kz]- \\v a- mb- nc- p¶- p.- D-ïm-bn-cp-¶p-. B- ]-Xn-\\m-dp- X-etbmSn- -sImïv -tam-sf I-®p-I-Ä- Xp-S-¨v F-gpt¶äv Im-cpsS a-\\-Êv Xo-P-zm-e- -t] F-¶v hn-fn-¡p-¶p-. A-h-Ä- ]m‑ b- vaS- ¡- n- ]p‑ d- ¯- nd- §- n- ac- n- m-se I-¯n- P-z-en-¡p-I-bm- I®- pI- Ä- - Xpd- ¶- p.- t- \\cw- s- hfp- ¨o-\\n-I-Ä-¡n-S-bn-Â- a-d-ªp- Wv. A-½- -t]À-jy-bn-Â- -t] ¯nc- p¶- p- Cf- w- Imä- v apä- s¯ \\n-Â-¡p-¶- B-Im-is¯ mbn- s- sI\\nd- sb DS- p¸- pw- B`- - ]q-h-Wnª- p- \\nÂ- ¡- p-¶p-. ap- -t\\m¡n- ]‑p-©n-cn-¨p-. A-I- c-W-§-fp-am-bn- Xn-cnsIh-cp- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 109

¯p- \\n-¶v\" -tam-sf a-Wn-¡p- sh«w- a-§n-¯p-S-§n-, In-fn-I-Ä- Iq-S-W-ªp- «n-... \"F-¶v -tN¨n-hn-fn-¡p-¶p-. {]-Ir-Xn- cm-{Xnsb h-cthÂ-¡p-¶-Xn-\\m-bn- A-h-Ä- A-It¯¡v H-cp-§n-. ]‑ns¶bpw- C-cp-«n-Â- A-h-Ä- X-\\n-¨m-bn-. -sN¶p. tN¨n-bpw- -tN«-\\‑pw- C-§s\\ Zn-h-kw- I-S-¶p- -t]mbn- -t]À-jy-bn-Â- _-Ôp- ho-«n-Â- hsc -t]‑mbn- -t]mb- A-½-bpsS A-dnshm¶pw- C-Ãm-Xm-bn-. h-cmw-, ho-«p-Im-cy-§sfm-s¡ t- \\m¡W- w- Ip©- qk- ns\\bpw- \\Ã- X- Ã- - F¶- v AÑ- \\- p‑ w,- t- N¨n- ¶nÂ- - Ipª- nssIIÄ- - s- Imïv s- ]m‑ ¶pk- ns\\bpw- t- \\m¡W- \"- - bpw,- t- N¨nb- psS `À- ¯- mh- pw- Xo- ap-J-hpw- -s]‑m¯n-¸n-Sn-¨v \\m sa¶pw- ]d- ª- nCd- §- n.- Ah- Ä- - cpa- m\\- n¨- p.- A¶- s¯ B- cm{- Xn- W-t¯m-sS \\n-¶n-cp-¶- B- A-Sp-¡-f-bnte¡v \\o-§n-. H-cn-¡-epw- C-Ãm-¯- H-cp- Iq-«v -s]¬-Ip-«nsb -sNdp-¡-\\‑pw- apä- ¯- v ]W- nsbSp¡- p¶- - AÑ- - B-bn-cp-¶p- F-¶v A-h-Ä-¡v ho-«p-Im-À-¡pw- C-ã-am-bn-. \\v I«- ³- - Nmb- - C«- psImSp¯- p.- t- Xm¶n.- \\ã- s¸Sm³- - t- ]m‑ Ip¶- - A-ctbmfw- h-cp-¶- ap-Sn-, -tN¨n-bpsS a-Isf H-cp-¡n-, Ah- k- cs¯ HmÀ- ¯- v Bc- pw- ku-µ-cy-e-¦m-c-§-Ä- iq-\\y- ho-«ptPmen-I-Ä- Xo-À-¯p-. A-dn-bmsX A-h-Ä- -tX§n- am-bn-cp-¶p- A-h-fpsS em-fn- ¡-c-ªp-. A-½- A-Sp-¯v Xyw- -tXm¶n-¸n-¡p-¶- ap-Jw- s- h«w- a§- n¯- pS- §- n,- Inf- nI- Ä- - D-ïm-bn-cp-¶t¸mÄ- s- Ndp¡- s- âbpw- IpS- pw_- ¯- n- IqS- W- ª- p- {]I- rX- n- cm{- Xnsb kvIqf- nÂ- - If- n¡- m³- ,- \\r¯- w- sâbpw- Xn-Sp-¡w -Iq-«n-. h-cthÂ-¡p-¶-Xn-\\m-bn- H-cp- ]-Tn-¡m-³-, ]m-«p- ]-Tn-¡m-³-, §n-. ]‑ns¶bpw- C-cp-«n-Â- Hs¡ hn-«n-cp-¶p-. ap-SnsI«n- F-¶m-Â- ]-T-\\w- ]‑q-À-¯n-bm- A-h-Ä- X-\\n-¨m-bn-. C-§s\\ Xe- \\- nd- sb I\\- I- m¼- c- ¸- qh- pw- ¡m-³- I-gn-bnsö- Im-cyw- Zn-h-kw- I-S-¶p- -t]mbn- -t] ap-Ã-¸q-hpw- Nq-Sn- -sImSp-¡p- Ah- sf hnj- a- s¸Sp¯- n.- AX- v À-jy-bn-Â- -t]mb- A-½-bpsS ¶-Xpw- A-h-Ä- BtemNn-¨p-. Ie- ymW- w- hnk- ½X- n¡- m³- - Im- A-dnshm¶pw- C-Ãm-Xm-bn-. A-½- A-Sp-¯p-ïm-bn-cp-¶p- c-W-am-bn-. F-¶m-Â- ho-«p-Im- A-½- Xn-cnsI h-cpsa¶v F-¦n-Â- Xp-S-À-¶v ]-Tn-¡m- cpsS \\nÀ- _- Ô- ¯- n\\- p- hg- §- n- {]-Xo-£n-¨p- Xs¶ A-h-fn- am-bn-cp-¶p-, {]o-Un-{Kn-¡v H-Sp-hn-Â-I-eym-Ww- \\-S-¶p-. cp-¶p-. F-¶m-Â- A-½-bpsS H-cp- Syq-j-³- skâ-dn- hn- BZ- ysams- ¡ B- Ip«- n¡- v B- H-cp- hn-h-c-hpw- C-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p-. «p- ]T- n¸- n¡- mw- F¶- v ho«- pI- mÀ- - Po-hn-Xt¯mSv -tb‑mPn-¡m-³- A-Xv A-h-fn-Â- B-i-¦-I-Ä- \\nÝ- b- n¨- X- v Ah- Ä- ¡- v Bi- z- m- I-gn-ªn-cp-¶n-Ã-. F-¶m-Â- \\nd- ¨- p.- A§- s\\ ]¯- mw- ¢m- kamb- n.- Hc- p- Znh- k- w- Ah- sf ]-Xnsb A-h-Ä- A-Xnt\\mSv kv ]-co-£-bm-bn-. cm-{Xnsb -tN«-³- A-Spt¯¡v hn-fn-¨p-. -s]mcp-Xn- -s]‑mcp-¯s¸«p-. `-b-¶n-cp-¶- B- -s]¬-Ip-«n- C¶- v Hc- p- Iq«- À- - ImW- m³- - hc- p- A½- - t- ]mbX- n\\- p‑ tijw- ]n‑ ¶- o- cm-{Xn- F-¶- ]-co-£sb -t\\ ¶p-ïv H-cp-§n- \\n-Â-¡-Ww- Sv A-h-Ä- a-\\-Êv Xp-d-¶p- Nn- cn-«-Xp- -t]m-se C-u- ]-co-£- F-¶v At±lw- \\n-Àt±in-¨p-. cn-¡p-¶-Xv `-À-¯m-hnt\\m- bpw- hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn- -t\\cn-«p-. ad- ps¯m¶pw- ]d- b- m\\- mh- msX sSm¸w- B-bn-cp-¶p-. A-hsf A[- ym]- I- c- psSbpw- N§- mX- n- A-h-Ä- \\n-¶p-. im-kn-¡m-\\pw-, kv-t\\ln-¡m- amc- psSbpw- Bi- wk- IÄ- - Gä- p- \\‑pw- Hs¡ H-cp- A-½sbbpw- hm-§n- A-h-À- Xp-S-À-¶p- ]-Tn- -s]®p-Im-Wm-³- F-¯n-b- A-Ñs\\bpw- A-h-Ä-¡v In-«n-. ¡m-³- X-¿m-dm-bn-. -sN¡-\\pw- ho-«p-Im-À-¡pw- ap- A-Xnte-sd A-hsf A-Xn-i- {]oU- n{- Kn- Xnc- sªSp¯- - Ip- «n-I-fpsS Iq-«-¯n-Â- A-h-fpw- Dï- mb- nc- p¶- p- F¶- mÂ- - t- Imt- f- Pv ]T- n¯- w- s- ]¬I- p«- nI- Ä- ¡- v H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 110

bs¸Sp-¯n-b-Xv A-h-fpsS ho-«p-Im-À-¡pw- {]n-bs¸«-h- §n,- It- kc-IÄ- -¡nS- b- n-eqsS `-À-¯m-hn-sâ ho-c-I-Y-I-Ä- D-Sp-Xp-Wn- h-en-¨p-Io-dn- C-Ãm- B-bn-cp-¶p- B- \\m-«nse P-\\- \\mb- nc- p¶- - At±lw- C§- s\\ Xm¡- m³- - XpS- §- n,- apS- n¡- Nv pä- n- §-Ä-¡v -thïn- B-cpsSb‑pw- ]n‑ S- n¨- p- Npa- c- nÂ- - t- NÀ¯- nS- n¨- p.- ap-¼n-Â- -ss[cyt¯m-sS B-b-Xn-Â- A-h-Ä- h-fsc I¯- nb- pw- s- ImSph- mf- pw- Ah- - -t]‑mcm-Sn-bn-cp-¶- i-à-\\m-b- Ä-¡pw- Ip-«n-I-Ä-¡pw- -t\\-sc H-cp- bp-hm-hv F-¶m-Â- `m-cy- hn-j-an-¨p-. BsIbp-ïm-bn- hoi- n- Ah- tfmSpw- a¡- tfmSpw- ¡v ap-¶n-Â- B- i-à-³- H-cp- hr¯- nsI«- `mj- b- nÂ- - am{- Xw- `o-cp-hm-bn-cp-¶p-. A-h-Ä-¡v cp-¶- In-S-¸m-Sw- \\-ãs¸Sp- kwk- mc- n¨- p.- At±ls¯ t- ] `-À-¯m-hn-Â- \\n-¶p- 11 h-b- Sn-¨v ]-e- cm-{Xn-I-fn-Â- A-h- Êp-Ip-d-hm-bn-cp-¶p-. A-Xn- ¯n- A-h-Ä- At±ls¯ Ä-¡pw- a-¡-Ä-¡pw- A-\\y- ho- \\m-Â- A-h-fpsS Ip-ªp- Ip- Sp-Is‑fbpw- d-º-À- -tXm«-§s- ªp- hmi- nI- Ä- - At±l¯- n\\- v Un- A-Un-£-³- skâ-dn-Â- fbpw- B{- ib- nt¡ïn- h¶- p.- Xa- mi- b- mb- ntXm¶pI- b- pw- B- \\na- nj- s¯ Bk- zZ- n¡- pI- b- pw- -sImïp t]‑mbn-, X-sâ B-À- ]Xnsb At±lw- \\m-«p-Im-À- -sNbvXn-cp-¶p-. ¡pw- ie- ya- pÅ- - hyà- nb- mb- n- ¯-h-L-«-¯n-Â- A-h-cpsS amd- n.- \\m«- pI- mc- psS ]c- mX- nb- pw- A-h-Ä-¡v At±lw- H-cn-¡- I-fn-bm-¡-ep-I-fpw- A-h-cpsS epw- A\\- p`- h- n¨- n«- nÃ- m¯- - Hc- p- A-Sn-h-kv{Xw- am-än-bp-Sp- Po-hn-Xs¯ -th«-bm-Sn- aq-¶v k-t´mjw- -sImSp-¯n-cp-¶p-. s- ]¬I- p«- nI- sf F§- s\\ hf- - Hmtcm hntijZ- nh- k- hpw- km- ¡m-³- I-gn-bmsX, H-cp-]‑n-Sn- À¯- nsbSp¡- pw- F¶- v \\m«- pI- m- cn-bpw- k½m-\\-§-fpw- hm-§n- cpsS -tNmZyw- A-hsc Hmtcm -sImSp-¯n-cp-¶p-. A-§s\\ `-£-Ww- kam-[m-\\t¯m-sS Zn-h-khpw- \\n-cm-is¸Sp-¯n- k-t´mjt¯m-sS Po-hn-Xw- sImïnc- p¶- p.- hoS- v DS- a- - hoS- pw- I-S-¶pt]mIp-¶-Xn-\\n-S-bn-Â- hm-cn- I-gn-¡m-³- I-gn-bmsX amd- m³- - ]d- ª- X- ns\\ XpS- À- ¶- v Ah- À- - aq¶- p- s- ]¬I- p«- nI- f- psS A-h-À- Ip-ªp-§sfb‑pw- AÑ- \\- p‑ w- A½- b- pa- mb- n.- Ah- sf Zn-h-k§-Ä- apt¶m«v \\o-§n-. -sImïv H-cp- I-S-ap-dn-bnte¡v -t\\m¡n-b- -t]‑m-seXs¶ Ip- Xm-a-kw- am-dn-. B- ap-dntbmSv ªp§- sfbp‑ w- At±lw- ]c- n- a-cp-¶p-Ån-Â- F-¯pt¼mg‑pw- -tNÀ-¶v H-cp- -sNdn-b- A-Sp- ]‑m-en-¨n-cp-¶p. ¡-f-bpw- D-ïm-bn-cp-¶p-. `-À-¯m-hn-sâ im-co-cn-I- A-hnsSh-¨v At±lw- km- CX- n\\- nS- b- nÂ- - Ah- f- psS `À- ¯- m- [-\\-§-Ä- Hmtc‑m¶m-bn- A-Sn- hv a-b-¡p-a-cp-¶n-\\‑pw- a-Zy-¯n- D-]-{Z-hs¯b‑pw- A-Xn ¨p- -s]‑m«n-¡m-³- Xp-S-§n-. \\p‑ w- AS- na- s¸«p- s- Imïnc- p¶- X- v Hm-Ww- {In-kva-kv Zn-h-k§- A-h-Ä- Xn-cn-¨-dn-bm-³- km-[n- P- oh- n¨- psImïv Un- AU- nj- ³- - fnÂ- - t- Nmdpw- Id- nb- pw- \\ne- ¯- v ¨nÃ- .- Ah- k- m\\- - L«- §- f- ne- m- AS- n¡- pI- b- pw- At±l¯- ns- â bnc- p¶- p- AX- v Xnc- n¨- d- nª- X- v skâ-dn-Â- Nn-In-Õn-¨v asämcp- -tlm_n- B-bn-cp- k-t´mjw- \\n-d-ª- cm-{Xn-I- ¶p-. am-k§tfmfw- A-hsc fpw- ]-I-ep-I-fpw- a-§n- Xp-S- `-À-¯m-hnt\\m-sSm¸w- ]‑p-Xn- At±lw tPmen-¡v hn-«n-cp- §n-bn-cp-¶p-. At±lw- kvYn- ¶n-Ã-. _o-Un-, kn-K-c-äv Xp-S- c-am-bn- h-g-¡pw- Hmtcm-tcm b-Po-hn-Xw- Xp-S-§mw- F-¶v §nb- - km[- \\- §- Ä- - hm§- m³- - Im-«n-¡q-«-ep-I-fpw- \\-S-¯m- am-{Xw- -tPmen-¡v hn-«n-cp-¶p-. ³- Xp-S-§n-. \\m-«p-Im-À-¡pw- {]-Xo-£ns¨¯n-b- A-hsc A-h-cpw- a-¡-fpw- ]-«n-Wn-bm- ho-ïpw- Im-¯n-cp-¶-Xv \\n-cm- i-Xs¶bm-bn-cp-¶p-. At±lw- hoï- pw- el- - cn-h-kvXp-¡-Ä- -tXSnt¸mbn- AX- ns- â BL- mX- w- Ah- Ä- ¡- v Xm§- m³- - Bh- p¶- X- ne- pw- A¸- p- d-am-bn-cp-¶p-. Un- A-Un-j-³- skâ-dn-Â- \\n-¶pw- Xn- cns¨¯n-b- A-h-Ä-¡v In-S-¸m-Sw- \\-ãs¸«n-cp-¶p-. ]‑n-¶o-Sv A-h-Ä- B-{i-bn-¨n- cp-¶-Xv hm-S-I-ho-Sm-bn-cp-¶p-. aZ- ye- l- c- nb- nÂ- - Bd- mS- nb- nc- p¶- - `-À-¯m-hv ]-e- Im-«n-¡q-«-ep- I-Ä- \\-S-¯n, I-¯ns‑bcn- bp-¶- Sy‑qss»äv A-Sn-¨p -s]‑m«n-¨p, D-d-§n-¡n-S-¶n- cp-¶- X-sâ C-f-b- a-I-fpsS t- Zl¯- v hog- v¯nsImÅn¨- p,- ao-ä-Àt_mÀ-Un-Â- A-h-cpsS -ssI]‑n-Sn-¨v h-bv¡m-³- Xp-S- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 111

hm³- - XpS- §- n- `À- ¯- mh- v Dd- §- n- ]n-¶o-Sv a-¡sf -tlmkvä-ep- ¡nS- ¡- p¶- - kab- w- t- \\m¡n- ]p‑ d- - If- nÂ- - \\nÀ- ¯- n- Ah- À- - Hmtcm ¯nd- §- n.- A§- s\\bnc- ns¡ hoS- pI- f- nÂ- - AS- p¡- f- - t- Pmen¡- v B- \\m-«n-Â- F-Ãm-hscbpw- \\n¶- p- s- Imïpsams- ¡ a¡- sf -sR«n-¨p- -sImïv c-ïp- a-c- ]T- n¸- n¡- m³- - XpS- §- n.- Ah- À- ¡- v Ww- kw-`-hn-¨p-. A-h-cpsS \\ã- s¸«- hnZ- ym`- ymk- hpw- \\nd- - `-À-¯m-hv A-hn-Ss¯ B-Ä- apÅ- - Poh- nX- h- pw- Ah- À- - a¡- f- n- ¡q«- ¯- n\\- nS- b- nÂ- - s- ]«pt¸mbn.- eqsS t- \\SnsbSp¡- m³- - XpS- §- n.- Cu- - X¡- w- t- \\m¡n- ]e- - hoS- p- C-¶pw- B- -t]mcm-«w- Xp-S-À- If- nÂ- - Ah- À- - Hf- n¨- p- \\Â- I- nb- - ¶p- -sImïn-cn-¡p-¶p-.... 200 cq-]- -sImïv A-h-À- a-¡sfbpw- Iq-«n- kztZi-¯v F¯- n.- Ft¸mÄ- kztZi¯- v hc- pt¼mgp‑ w- `À- ¯- mh- ns\\ ]ä- n- \\Ã- X- v ]d- ª- nc- p¶- - Ah- c- psS hmb- nÂ- - \\n¶- pw- A{- ]X- o£- nX- - kw-`-h-§-Ä- -tI«p- ho-«p-Im-À- AX- v ]q‑ À- W- a- mb- n- hni- z- k- n¨- nÃ- .- Bc- pw- Ah- sc ]n´- pW- ¨- nÃ- .- . Ah- À- ¡- v Ah- c- psS Ip¯- ph- m- ¡p-I-Ä- -tIÄt¡ïn- h-¶p-. H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 112

Arunima A (Malayalam ) sNdp-¯p \\n-Â-¸v sNdp-¯p- \\n-Â-¸v.... ]p-Xn-b- E-Xp-hn-sâ -sNdp-¯v \\n-Â-¸v. X-«n-bpw- ap-«n-bpw- -s]m«n-bpw- ho-Wn-«pw- H-«n-sbm-«n- ]-d-¡p-¶p- i-àn-bn-Â-. A-\\o-Xn-¡-d- -sIm-sïgp-Xn-b- -temI- {]-am-W-§-Ä-¡p-aosX kXy-¡-d- ]p-c-ïn-cn-¡p-¶p-. A-h- h-À-®-§-fm-bn- hm-\\n-ep-b-À-¶p- `q-an-bn-Âs]¿p-¶p-... -s]bvXps¡m-tïbn-cn-¡p-¶p-... H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 113

A-Xn-Po-h-\\w- Gauri NandanaA N (Mathematics ) A-Xn-Po-h-\\w- -t]mcm-«- t- I«t¸mÄ- AÀ- °- a- d- nb- msX _m-¡n-? F-hnsS _m-¡n-? Hm-Snt¸mbn- \\n-L-ïp- X-¸n- amtWm? A-Xn-Poh- -\\w- F-¶- b-h-cpw- D-ïm-Ipw- A-h-À-¡v ic- n¡- pw- ]d- ª- mÂ- - Cu- - _m- ]Z- w- ]e- t¸mgmb- n- ]e- X- c- ¯- n- In-«n-b- a-dp-]-Sntbm? I-hn- epw- hymJ- ym\\- n¡- s¸Smd- pï- v. ªv- Po-hn-¡p-I-, -tijn-¨n- ¡n- F-¶- ]-Zw- Bw-Kteb- H-¶p- ]-d-ªm-Â- ]-e-cpw- cn-¡p-I-. C-u- A-À-°-§-Ä- A-Xn-Po-h-\\w-, A-Xn-Po-hn- I-ïp- D-Ss\\ A-h-c-§v `m-j-bn-Â- am-dpt¼mÄ- Xw-, A-Xn-Po-hn-X- Xp-S-§n-b- hym-Jym-\\n-¨p-. _m-¡n-h-¶- ]-Z-§-Ä- -tI«v Xp-S-§n-b-Xv Xv.... A-Xv ]‑ns¶... asämcp- \"_m-e-³-kv'F-¶v h-cpw-. Xs¶ kn-\\n-am- -taJ-e-bn-Â- X-c-¯n-em-bn-... ]‑o-U-\\-¯n- Ip-d-¨p- Im-e-§-fm-bn- \\-S-¶p- \\n-c-bm-bn- _m-¡n- h-¶-Xv _m-e-³-kn-\\v c-ïv X-cw- h-cp-¶- i-ÐtImem-l-§-Ä Asæn-Â- _m-¡n-h-¨-Xv.... t- I«n«- pw- Iï- n«- pw- BW- t{X.... -tNmZyw- F-´p- _m-¡n-? B-cv e-£ym-À-°-§-Ä- D-ïv H-¶v \"A-Xn-Po-h-\\w-' B-Zy-am-bn- \"\"_m-¡n- '' asäm-t¶m? \\mw- B-Ipt¼mÄ- A-Xv \"\"a-\\- Ên-sâ ka-\\n-e- \"\" F-¶- Xn-Â- -sN¶v \\n-Â-¡pw-. C-u- a-\\-Ên-sâ ka-\\n-e- -sXäp-¶- A-h-kc-§-Ä- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 114

]-et¸mgm-bn- a-\\p-jy-Po-hn- B- kw`- mj- W- ¯- nÂ- - \\n¶- pw- t- I«- asäm¶v s- Imt- d X-¯n-Â- h-cm-dp-ïv. C-hnsS -s]®p-§-Ä- C-d-§n-bn-«p-ïv, ho-«n-Â- -tNmZn-¡m-\\‑pw- D-ïm-b- Ir-Xy-¯n-\\p-Å- Im- ]-d-bm-\\‑pw- B-cp-antà Ft´m C-h-Às¡m-s¡. cyI- mc- W- h- pw- AX- pX- s¶bm- F-´mtÃ? Nq-j-Ww- -sNbvXt¸mÄ- \"-t]‑mcm-Sn-b-Xv-' Wv. a\\- pj- y³- - a\\- Ê- ns- â ka- -sImïv Xs¶bm-Wv. F-Ãm- hn-¹-h-§-fpw- hn-P-bw- \\n-e- Xm-fw- ]n-g-bv¡pt¼mÄ-. I-ï-Xv...- temI-a-lm-bp-²w- D-Äs¸-sS... ]ns¶... Â- \\S- ¶- - kw`- h- w- C¶- pw- NÀ- - ac- n¡- p¶- X- n\\- p- ap¼- v \\mw- Po- C-u- kw-`-h-¯n-Â- ¨- s- N¿s¸Sp¶- X- .v kn\\- na- ¡- m- at\\‑m\\‑n-e- X-I-À-X-¯v c-ïv scm-s¡ C-§s\\bmtWm.. hn¨- nc- p¶- p- F¶- X- mW- v \"F¶‑ - v X-e-§-fn-em-Wv. H-¶v {]-h-À- A-h-Ä- i-cn-b-Ã-, F-¶p- Xp-S- ¯n-bn-eqsS asäm¶v C-c- §n-b- ]-e-X-c-¯n-ep-Å- X-cw- Hmtjm ]d- ª- psh¨X- v t- ]m‑ - bm-b-Xn-eqsS B-Zysam-s¡ Xnc- n¡- Â- - Hc- n¡- Â- - Hc- p- _k- v \"C-c-' F-¶- hm-¡m-bn-cp-¶p-. bm-{X-bv¡n-S-bn-Â- -tIÄ- se \"A-Xv \\o-bm-Ip-I', \"\\o- B- hm-¡n-\\v ku-µ-cy-an-Ãm- ¡m-³- C-S-bp-ïm-bn-. H-¶v ªn-«m-Ipw- C-Xv C-¶v A-Xn- {i-²n-¡p-I- ]o-U-\\w- A-Ã- Xo-bm-Ip-I- ', F-¶- hm-¡p- Po-hn-X- F-¶- ]-Z-¯nte¡v B-{I-an-¡s¸«-Xm-bn-cp-¶p-.. cq-]m-´-cw- {]m-]n-¨-Xv F-¶v B- B-{I-a-W-hpw- F-´v X-c- I-Ä- -t]m-se -t]mcm-«-¯nse ]-e-cpw- tkmjy-Â- ao-Un- ¯n-ep-Å-Xm-bn-cp-¶p- F-¶v b-bn-Â- A-S-¡w- Ip-dn-¨p-. B-{I-an-¡s¸«- A-h-Ä-¡v t- ]m‑ ÀX- nf- ¡- ¯- nÂ- - Ah- Ä- - Hm- At¸mÄ- A-Xn-Po-hn-Xw- am-{Xta A-dn-bq-. A-Xv H-cn- \\S- ¯- nb- - t- ]m‑ cm«- w- ]e- t¸mgm- ¡e- pw- ZpÀ- h- ymJ- ym\\- n¡- s¸S- À-½n-¡s¸Sp-¶-Xv. bn- ]-e-cpw- A-§v cp-Xv. B- kw-`m-j-W-¯n-Â- a-d-¶p- -t]‑mbn- A-]-cm-[n- \\n¶- pw- t- I«- asäm¶v s- Imt- d Po-hn-X-¯nse {]-Xn-kÔn- I-Ä- \\n-c-]-cm-[n-I-Ä- F-¶v -s]®p-§-Ä- C-d-§n-bn-«p-ïv, -sXfn-bn-¡m-³- Im-«n-¡q-«p-¶- ho-«n-Â- -tNmZn-¡m-\\pw- ]-d- Isf -ss[cy-]q-À-Æw- A-Xn-Po- \\m-S-I-§-Ä-, A-Wn-b-d-bn-Â- bm-\\pw- B-cp-antà Ft´m hc- p¶- p.- ... Xnc- È- oe- I- Ä- - \\o¡- p- C-h-Às¡m-s¡. F-´mtÃ? hn¨- p- F¶- X- ne- mW- .v IqS- msX ¶p.- .. A§- s\\.....A§- s\\..... Nq-j-Ww- -sNbvXt¸mÄ- \"-t]‑mcm-Sn-b-Xv-' -sImïv Bscm-s¡ Dsï¶p- km-[m-c-W- K-Xn-bn-Â- A-`n-ap- Xs¶bmW- v. FÃ- m- hn¹- h- §- - J-§-fn-Â- C-u- kw-`-hs¯ fpw- hn-P-bw- I-ï-Xv...-temI-a- ]-d-ªm-epw- {]-[m-\\-am-bpw- ]-än- -tNmZn-¡pt¼mÄ- F-Ãmw- lm-bp-²w- D-Äs¸-sS... kn\\- na- - t- aJe- b- nse {]a- pJ- À- - a-\\-Êv B-WtÃm {]-[m-\\-am- A-h-À- H-gn-ªp- am-dm-dp-ïv. \"a-cn-¨p- I-gn-ªm-Â- F¶- mÂ- - Ig- nb- p¶- - Znh- k- w- kn- ]ns¶ Po-hn-X-aptïm F-¶- bpw- _-ew- \\-Â-Ip-¶-Xv. \\n-a-Zn-Iy- F-¶- Hm-¬sse³- X-Ã- b-Ym-À-°- -tNmZyw-. am-[y-aw- \\-S-¯n-b- A-`n-ap-J- AX- psImïpX- s¶bmW- tÃm ¯n-Â- a-Ãn-I- kp-Ip-am-c-³- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv {i-²-bn-Âs¸«p-, C-u- kw-`-h-¯nse kXyw- C-u- kw-`-hw- hm-kvX-h-am-Wv B- Ip-«n- A-Xv A-Xn-Po-hn-X- -sXfn-bn-¡m-³- P-\\-{]‑n-b- \\-S- ¯nÂ- - s- Xfnh- pI- Ä- - Dsï¶v. AX- psImïmW- tÃm 2017 b- n- ³- C-¶pw- hn-Nm-c-W- -t\\ cn-Sp-¶-Xv. kXyw- -sXfn-bn- ¡m-³- C-´y-³- Pp-Uo-jy-dn- ¡v km[- n¨- me- pw- Csæne- pw- \"t]mcm«- w'- AsXmcp- \"kXyw'- Xs¶bm-Wv. AsX...! H-cp- c-£-I-sâb‑pw- h-c-hv Im-¯n-cn-¡-cp-Xv.... \\n§- -Ä- AÃ- msX \\n-§f- psS c-£-bv¡v a-äm-cp-an-Ã-...! -t]mcm-Sp-I-...! H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 115

Po-hs\\Sp-¡p-¶- - Fathima N S ssZh-§-Ä- (Physical Science ) a\\- pj- yc- psS `mh- n- Xoc- pa- m\\- n- ¡p-¶X- pw- a-c-Ww- hn-[nsbgp- Xp-¶-Xpw- C-¶v kaq-l-am-Wv. `c- W- L- S- \\- m- \\nb- a- §- Ä- - km- aq-l-I- \\n-b-a-§-fm-bn- am-än- kvYm-]‑n-¡s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p-. au- e- nI- - Ah- I- mi- ¯- ns- â IS- n- ªm-³- C-¶v kaq-l-¯n-sâ I¿- ne- mW- .v BÀ- «- n¡- nÄ- - 21- eqsS Bl- z- m\\- w- s- N¿p¶- - Poh- \\- p‑ w- hy-àn- kzm-X-{´y-¯n-\\‑p-Å- D-u-¶-Â- \\-Â-Im-¯- hn-Zym- `ym-kcw-K-hpw-, enw-K- - -ssew- kw-c-£-Ww- -t]‑mepw- C-¶v Kn-I- \\yq-\\-]-£-§-fpsS {] tXyI-X-Isfbpw- A-h-Im-i- A-]-l-cn-¡s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p-. §sfbpw- Ipd- n¨- v Ah- t_m[- cmI- msX t- Ihe- w- Hc- p- hmÀ- ¯- - P-\\-§-Ä- am{- Xa- mb- n- IW- ¡- m¡- p¶- - \\m‑ w- A-S-§p-¶- kaq-lw- Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. P-\\-§-fm-Â- -sImÃs¸Sp-¶p-. LGBTQ IA- Ah- I- mi- §- Ä- - \\m‑ w- \\-ÂtIï- H-u-Zm-cy-a-Ã- A-Xv A-{I-a-¯n-eqsSbpw- a-äpw- A-h-cpsS A-À-l-X-bm-Wv. lo-\\-am-b- {]-h-À-¯-\\- {_n-«o-jp-Im-Às¡Xnsc -tNmc- hm-À-¶pw- -tNmc-ho- §-fn-eqsSbpw- am-{X-a-Ã- gv¯n-bpw- -t]mcm-Sn- \\mw- -t\\ Snb- - kzmX- {- ´y¯- n\\- v t- hïn- {]-l-ctaÂ-¸n-¡p-¶- hm- C-¶v -t]mcmtSï-Xv \\-½psS Xs¶ kaq-lt¯mSm-Wv. ¡p-I-Ä- -sImïpw- Po-hs\\ Xm-³- Po-hs\\Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-sâ Po-h-³- kw-c-£n-¡m-³- I-gn- Im-c-W-¡m-À- kl-hn-Zym-À- bm-¯- -ssZh-§-Ä-¡v A-Xv Sp-¡p-¶- -ssZh-§-fm-Wv Yn-I-fpw- X-sâ ]-cm-Xn-I-Ä- FS- p¡- m³- - F´- v Ah- I- mi- w?- ]-cn-K-Wn-¡m-¯- A-[ym- kaq-lw-. 2022 s^{_-p-h-cn- ]-I-cp-asW¶v A-Àsh A-h-km-\\w- F-gp-Xn-b- B-ß- 24 \\v ^-co-Zm-_m-bnse 16 lX- ymI- pd- n¸- ne- qsS hyà- a- m- ¡p-¶p-. h-b-Êp-Im-c-sâ Po-hs\\Sp- kXy¯- nÂ- - AÀ- shbpsS ac- - W-¯n-\\v Im-c-W-¡m-À- kl- ¯-Xpw- C-u- -ssZh-§-fm-Wv. hn-Zym-À-Yn-I-fpw- B- kvIq- fnse A[- ym]- I- c- pw- am{- Xa- Ã- .- DPS kIv qÄ- - hnZ- ymÀ- °- nb- mb- - s- sewK- nI- - hnZ- ym`- ymk- ¯n\\- v A-Àsha-Â- -tlm{X-bv¡v {Sm-³-kv-sP³-U-À- B-b-Xn- sâ -t]cn-Â- Ip-«n-I-fn-Â- \\n-¶p-Å- Z-bm-Zm-£n-Wy-an- Ãm-¯- ]-cn-lm-k§-Ä-¡v ap-¼n-Â- ]‑n-Sn-¨p- \\n-Â-¡m- \\p-Å- -ss[cyw- e-`n-¨n-Ã-. H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 116

Binci S (Sanskrit ) H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 117

Chithra R (Natural Science ) SARANG: The brainchild of a couple’s endeavour It was quite accidental that who was studying in low- cles, reports, we extended er primary class, we were our search to the next level I heard of “SARANG” … into a vigorous search to that, ‘is there an initiative As me and my husband find a solution for this. As taken by any so far?’. This were much concerned, a regular practice we end- resulted in various ideas especially during the ed up in surfing the internet like Home Schooling, were lockdown period, on the about the voices against the parents being the tutor but heaviness of curriculum present educational sys- there also one curriculum that primary children were tem. After seeing through to be followed. Another bearing, which we came many blogs, vlogs, arti- fact is that some families to know through our son H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 118

in Kerala have not send the minds of two primary the reality of life. They say their children to schools, teachers and couple Sri. by education, it means “to yet freely learn under the Gopalakrishnan and Smt. live and let others live”. guidance of their parents. Vijayalakshmi, around Though not with much But this information didn’t forty years before. In their clarity on the alternative satisfy our objective. Our words, they were not hap- for the formal education, further search led to the py with the pattern of they took a concrete deci- concept of “alternative teaching existed here and sion to refrain from send- school” and it gave us a that they were discussing a ing their children to school. breath of relief that just in lot on contributing towards They decided to start an ex- India at different corners, education, right from the perimental centre to imple- some people have started time they were undergoing ment their views and ideas such schools few decades teachers training course. towards fruitful and stress- before in which most of After serving government free education. For this the them are residential. Our schools in Wayanad, they couple even resigned their eyes passed through the were appointed in govern- government job. They had details of many like Isha ment school Agali. During to run through various tri- Home School, SECMOL, all these times they were al and error as there were Sahyadri School, Shibumi continuously trying to no existing model in front School etc. They all were bring about a change in of them to imitate. They keen to provide a pure nur- educating children and that had decided to acquire a turing environment with- they took children outside land to experiment their out stress to children where the school campus at their ideologies. During this their freedom of thinking own risk to enable direct they were adamant to en- is given extreme priority, learning such as walk- sure that the land should respect and opportunity. through nature, visit to po- not have any basic facili- These schools were having lice station etc. It gained ties like water, electricity, excellent system of educa- much of criticism and easy access and nor they tion, but on the other side dislike to them from col- wanted to give publicity. some are expensive and leagues, local politicians, A barren hill was bought some are out of our reach. higher authorities and peo- with a single Banyan tree, We then started to dig deep ple around. This didn’t stop but nothing else not even a to know is there any initia- them from being moving weed. The thought behind tive with similar thought forward as they strong- such decision was that, in Kerala? It ended us up ly believed that learning our educational curriculum to “SARANG” in Agali, should happen through the should mainly include how Attappadi located in Palak- complete involvement of to regenerate the natural kad district. maximum sensory organs. resources which are deplet- ing day by day. They want- “Sustainable Agricultur- According to them ed children to learn how to al Research And Natu- the prevailing formal ed- do this and were very de- ral Guidance” or in short ucation is not efficient in termined to take such risk “SARANG” is evolved in preparing children to face to prove it practically. In H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 119

their own words, they were issue in the area of Attap- of our society. These chil- preparing one of their sub- padi. The teacher couple dren are very talented and jects included in their edu- found a solution for this dynamic and their sense cational scheme. too. They heavily mulched organs are very sensitive to They have never plant- the soil surface. This had capture anything new. But ed anything on the barren put an end to the erosion unfortunately, they were hill as part of developing of soil during rain. Also, compelled to sit inside the the forest. All vegetation to resist erosion they have four walls of the classroom were grown automatical- built check dams. The rain- for about 5-6 hours a day ly with the help of natural water was harvested within and this eventually led to pollination through wind the deep soil through roots. draining out of their poten- and animals. They were Percolation pits were dug tial before they step out to striving hard to protect that out which helps in drawing the society after schooling. vast area of 12 acres land ground water. By all these In a democratic country to enable the natural for- means they proved it is like India, it is very dan- mation of forest. As they possible to regenerate our gerous to release such “in- found it is expensive to do resources. efficient majority” to the security fencing, they de- From their teaching experi- society, which affect the signed slides and projec- ence they reflect that most development of the nation. tor on their own and made of the children who were The couple teachers want- their neighbourhood aware sent to government schools ed to contribute towards of their objective and not are from the underprivi- this limitation. to graze their cattle on leged, who make majority The teacher couple their property as it inhib- its the forest development. They had to be vigilant to flee the” forest invaders’’ away, at times to hand over them to the police. Many rumours arose at that time which created ambiguity regarding the couple’s in- tention. Also, they were misinterpreted as environ- mentalists instead of edu- cationalists. They had to work hard to establish their system of education. The couple had converted the whole area into lush green forest within about fifteen years. Scarcity of ground water was a major H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 120

fought decades to establish etc. were some of the major clarified lot of our confu- a curriculum which is en- issues during their journey. sions about parenting, edu- tirely different from formal Few years before they have cation, personality, view of education. They believe regained the power to bring life and what not? We were in stage wise learning not back the school into active carrying similar ideologies age wise learning. Chil- mode. Their children who and thoughts as the couple dren cannot be put to the got educated under this in- were. same mould in the process formal system are ready to I was planning to pursue of learning. SARANG Al- resume with the SARANG my career as a teacher and ternative School provide a vision. Their grandchildren wanted to secure a degree democratic and stress-free are also not being send to in Bachelor of Educa- environment where chil- formal schooling. tion, the time while I met dren learn the lessons of At present the SARANG them. Now I am moving life. They learn Language team is under the process towards that goal. Due to and literature, Arts, Math- of raising a financial back circumstances and the way ematics, Science, Politics, up as a part of preparing of life, it is not possible to Civics, Geography, Histo- for the refunctioning of the stay away from formal ed- ry, Martial Arts etc. from school. They are encour- ucation system neither for practical experience. Also, aging visitors who share me or nor for my son. We they will be part of cook- similar ideology and want are providing enough free- ing, eco-friendly building to meet the couple with or dom for our son to share construction, administra- without any purpose, also his views and to develop tion etc., which are essen- they provide guidance ses- his interests. He is clear tial life skills. Their learn- sion for the parents for bet- on the purpose of learning ing is not mere knowledge ter parenting and nurturing and how to learn. When gaining; but imbibing cul- their kids. it comes to me, I am sure ture, values and ethics. Upon reading some arti- that being a teacher my ap- The pain and cles about SARANG we proach towards children is struggle that they have couldn’t stop ourselves purely confined to myself. gone through cannot be from meeting them. We I believe if every single explained with a simple were lucky enough to get teacher sincerely works narration. It involves a an appointment in a weeks’ towards the overall devel- dedication of whole life for time to visit their place. We opment of the children, achieving and establish- were very excited to meet the change envisioned by ing their goal irrespective the respected couple and many educationalists such of any profit motive. SA- once met, our admiration as this teacher couple can RANG is the result of many towards them got doubled. be brought about even in trials and errors of their life We could spend a day and formal education, because itself. They had faced huge night there interacting and as SARANG believes this financial crunch in be- listening to them. Also wit- duty is not centralised in tween their functioning of nessed each and everything a single institution but de- the school, troubles caused we read and heard about centralised to every educa- by dishonest staff members them. A mere interaction tor. H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 121

Manju J (Natural Science ) se-ʬ ¹m³ C¶- v \\n§- Ä ]Tn¡- m³ t]m‑ - sIm-ïv I-dp-¯ t_mÀ-Un \"\"a-Xn Nn-cn-sbm-s¡ \\nÀ-¯n- C-{]-Im-cw F-gp-Xn. t¡m. \\n-§-fpw C-§-s\\- Ip-¶-Xv Po-h-im-kv-{X-¯n-se ¢m-kv 8, Po-h-sâ Xp-SÀ-¨. sbm-s¡ X-s¶-bm-Wv D-ïm- C-Xv I-ï-t¸m-tg A-hn-sS b-Xv ! Po-h-sâ Xp-SÀ-¨ F-¶ ]mT- A-S-¡n-¸n-Sn-¨v Nn-cn-IÄ D-b- Ct- ¸mg- s- ¯ ]nt- Åc- v FÃ- mw cp¶- pï- v So¨- À ]X- nh- nÃ- ms- X A-dn-ªn-«m-Wv ¢m-kn am-Wv. ' Ku-c-h-¯nÂ. h-¶n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. C-sXm-s¡ F-¶v ]-d-ªp-sIm-ïv kp- \\n-X So-¨À sh-Å tNm-¡v H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 122

]‑Tn-¸n-¡m³ Cu ]p-kv-X-I- B-Zy-am-bn I-b-dn-b-Xv. \\n-d- F-¶ A-½-bp-sS hm-¡p-IÄ ¯n DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-h-sc sb ]pk- X-v I- §- f- pÅ- Øe- w A-hÄ-¡v ss[-cyw ]-IÀ-¶p. ]-d-ªm a-Xn-b-tÃm. - F-¶ A-Ñ-sâ hn-h-c-Ww am- A-§-s\\ C-¶m-Zy-am-bn tXm- F-¶v ]n-dp-]n-dp-¯p-sIm-ïv {Xa- mb- nc- p¶- p Ah- Ä¡- v sse- Wnb- n Hä- b- v¡- v Ib- d- n sse- So-¨À ]-d-ªp. {_d- ns- b¸- ä- n Dï- mb- nc- p¶- X- v. {_-dn-bn t]m-Ip-¶p. \\m-em- CX- n F\\- n¡- v ]d- ª- p Xc- m- sse-{_-dn F-¶ h-en-b hm- a-s¯ Ìm³-Un \\n-¶v B \\mb- n H¶- pa- nÃ- hmb- n¨- p t\\m- ¡v \\n-d-sb ]p-kv-X-I-§-fpw, X-Sn-b³ t_m-_-\\pw tam-fn- ¡n-bm a-\\-Ên-em-¡m-\\pÅ- A¶- s- ¯ A©- mw ¢mk- pI- m- bpw ]p-kv-X-Iw F-Sp-¡p-¶p. Imc- y§- s- f DÅ- q. AX- ps- Im- cn-sb sX-sÃm-¶p-a-à hn-kv-a- C-sX-Ãmw B-tem-Nn-¨v tXm- ïv Ig- nª- ]mT¯- ns- â dnh- n- bn-¸n-¨-Xv. ]p-g-bn-eq-sS t]‑m- Wn-bn I-b-dn-b-hÄ. \\-à j-\\m-Wn-¶v. F-Ãm-h-cpw H-¶v Ip-¶ k-t´m-jw th-sd-bpw. ck- a- pï- v Hmf- ¯- n Nm©- mS- n hm-bn-¨p t\\m-¡n-t¡ ! F-¶v t]mI- p¶- tXmW- n. ]pg- b- ps- S ]d- ª- ps- Imï- v So¨- À ¢mk- v \\m-sf C-cp-h-i-hpw sh-Å \\n-d-¯n- A-h-km-\\n-¸n-¨p A-hn-S-hn-Sp- sse-{_-dn-bn t]m-I-Ww. se ]ª- n¨- S- nI- Ä. A§- s- \\ ¶mb- n AS- ¡- n¸- nS- n¨- v Nnc- nI- Ä t_m-_-\\pw tam-fn-bp-sS-bpw tXm-Wn I-c-bv-¡-Sn-ªp. tIÄ-¡mw. k-¼qÀ-® I-Y-IÄ tNÀ-¶ h-en-b Un-£-W-dn t]m-se- A-hÄ I-gn-ª X-h-W F-Sp- ssh-Ip-t¶-c-am-bn ¢m-kv bp-Å ]p-kv-X-Iw A-hn-sS ¯ c-ïv ]p-kv-X-I-§-fpw hn-«n-d-§n-bn-«pw [-\\y-bp-sS \\me- ma- s- ¯ Ìm³U- n Iï- - s\\-t©m-Sv A-S-¡n-¸n-Sn-¨p- a-\\-Ên Iu-Xp-I-am-bn-cp- Xm-bn e-£v-an-tb-¨n ]-d-ª- sImï- v sse{- _d- nb- n Ib- d- n- ¶p. F-¶m-epw Cu So-¨À t¸m-tg A-Xv th-W-sa-¶v bt- ¸mÄ, AÑ- s- â ]c- nN- b- ¡- m- C-{X-bpw t]-Pp-IÄ D-Å `m- B-{K-ln-¨-Xm. Cu I-W-¡n- cm-b H-¶v c-ïp t]À ]-{Xw Kw ]Tn-¸n-¡m-sX hn-«-tÃm sâ k-sv ]-jy Syq-j³ Im- hm-bn-¡p-¶p-ïm-bn-cp-¶p. F-¶ ]-cn-`-hw th-sd-bpw. c-W-am-Wv X-\\n-¡v t]m-Im³ A-h-sc t\\m-¡n Nn-cn-s¨-¶v kz-X-th X-\\n-¡v A-dn-bm-¯ I-gn-bm-¯-Xv F-¶-Xn-sâ h-cp-¯n th-Kw \\m-em-a-s¯ I-W-¡n-sâ k-sv ]-jy Syq- CuÀ-jy-bpw I-W-¡v km-dn- Ìm³U- v Xnc- ¡- nb- nd- §- n. Hc- p j-\\v t]‑m-tI-ï k-a-b-am-b- t\\mS- v Ah- Ä¡- pï- mb- nc- p¶- p. ap-dn \\n-d-sb ]-e h-en-¸-¯n- Xn-\\‑m Iq-Sp-X B-tem-Nn- F-´m-bm-epw \\m-sf ssh-Ip- ep-Å Ìm³-Up-IÄ A-Xn ¡ms- X [\\- y Syqj- \\- v t]m‑ b- n. t¶-cw t]m-Imw. e-£v-an-tb- \\n-d-sb ]‑p-kv-X-I-§Ä. am- Syqj- ³ ¢mk- ns- e Ah- k- m\\- ¨n-sb-bpw Iq-sS Iq-«mw. tN- [-hn-¡p-«n-bp-sS-bpw Fw. t\\c- §- f- ns- ems- ¡ \\ms- f i\\- n ¨n-¡m-W-tÃm F-hn-sS-bm-Wv Sn-bp-sS-bpw kp-K-X-Ip-am-cn B-W-tÃm k-Iv q-fn h-c-ï- ]p-kv-X-Iw C-cn-¡p-¶-sX-¶- So-¨-dn-sâ-bp-sam-s¡ \\n-c-\\n- tÃm F¶- BË- mZ- a- mb- nc- p¶- p. dn-bm-hp-¶-Xv. cb- mb- n AS- p¡- n h¨- nc- n¡- p¶- sshI- pt- ¶c- w ]p‑ g- I- S- ¶- v tXm- ]p-kv-X-I-§Ä, H-cp `m-K-¯v Wn-bn I-b-dn sse-{_-dn- e-£v-an tN-¨n-bp-sS ho-Sv hmc- nI- I- Ä, kn\\- na- amK- k- n\\- p- bn t]mI- mw F¶- Nn´- am- F-´m ]q-«n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv IÄ, _m-e-c-a t]‑m-se-bp-Å {X-am-bn-cp-¶p A-Xn-t\\-¡mÄ A-t½? am-kn-I-IÄ. H-cp `m-K-¯v A-h-sf k-t´m-jn-¸n-¨-Xv. e£- av- nb- pw ho«- pI- mc- pw Hs- ¡ N-cn-{Xw, `q-an-im-kv-{Xw, A-äv- C-Xp-t]m-se ]-sïm-cp i-\\n- A-h-fp-sS A-½-bp-sS ho-«n -e-kv F-¶n-h-bp-sS Np-h-¶ bm-gv-N-bm-bn-cp-¶p, A-Ñ-sâ t]m-bn-cn-¡p-hm ! ss_âp-I-fp-Å X-Sn-b³ I-¿pw ]n-Sn-¨v tXm-Wn-bn A-½ ]-d-ªp. C-\\n-bn- ]‑p-kv-X-I-§Ä. C-{X-bpw Ib- d- n ]pg- b- ps- S Ac- nI- ne- pÅ- t¸mÄ Rm³ F-§-s\\ sse- ]p‑ k- X-v I- §- Ä DÅ- sse{- _d- n sse-{_-dn-bn-te-¡v A-hÄ {_-dn-bn t]m-Ipw. \\o kq- Ah- Ä¡- v F¶- pw Hc- p AÛ- p- £n-¨p t]m-bn-«v hm tam-sf H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 123

X-am-bn-cp-¶p. A-hÄ t\\-sc Im-cy-§Ä H-s¡ A-¦nÄ A-¦n-fpw k-Iv q-fn H-cp-an-¨v \\m-emw Ìm³-Uv t\\m-¡n B tNmZ- n¡- p¶- p. Ah- Ä ad- p]- S- n ]Tn-¨-Xm-sW-¶v. A-hÀ ]g- b- dqa- n-te-¡mW- v Ib- d- n-b- ]d- b- p¶- pa- pï- v. At- ¸mg- mW- v ]‑n-s¶-bpw F-s´m-s¡-tbm Xv. F-¶pw h-¶pw t]m-bpw Ah- Ä Ad- nb- p¶- X- v AÑ- \\- pw kwk- mc- n¨- p. A§- s- \\ \\me- m- Ah- Ä¡- pw e£- a-v nt- b¨- n¡- pw B Ip-ªv sse-{_-dn-bp-sS ap-¡pw aq-e-bpw A-dn-bm-am- bn-cp-¶p. A-§-s\\ A-hÄ Ìm³-Up-IÄ F-®n sIm-ïv A-I-t¯-¡v I-b-dn. apI- f- n F¯- nb- t- ¸mÄ sse- {_-dn-b³ A-¦n-fn-s\\ I-ïp. Iq-«p-Im-cn F-t´ F-¶ tNm- Zy-am-Wv B-Zyw tNm-Zn-¨-Xv. \"\" tN-¨n ho-«n C-Ã. A-hÄ ]-d-ªp. \"\"A-t¸mÄ H-ä-bv-¡m-Wv h-¶- Xv ? \"\"A-tX ! B-lm h-en-b s]-®m-b-tÃm kz-´-am-bn tXm-Wn-sbm-s¡ I-b-dn H-ä-bv-¡v h-cm³ ? B tNm-Zyw A-h-sf Ip-dn-¨v A-`n-am-\\n-X-bm-¡n. A-sX F-¶v a-dp-]-Sn ]-d-ªp. tamÄ-¡v G-Xv ]p-kv-X-I-am th-ï-Xv ? \"\"e£- a-v nt- b¨- n ]d- ª- p \\me- m- as- ¯ Ìm³U- n t_m_- \\- p‑ w tam-fn-bpw D-sï-¶v ! \"\" A-t¿m ! e-£v-an-¡v sX- än-b-Xm-Wv A-Xv B-dm-a-s¯ Ìm³-Un-em-Wv ! F¶- v ]d- ª- p I¿- n ]nS- n¨- p- sIm-ïv A-¦nÄ B-dm-a-s¯ Ìm³-Un-sâ A-Sp-t¯-¡v t]m-bn. A-hÀ B-dm-a-s¯ Ìm³U- ns- â cï- ma- s- ¯ \\ne- - bn Xn-c-bm³ Xp-S-§n. aq- ¶ma- s- ¯ \\ne- b- n Xnc- ¨- n \\S- ¯- nb- t- ¸mÄ A¦- nÄ Xs- â A-Sp-t¯-¡v h-cp-¶-Xm-bn A-hÄ-¡v tXm-¶n. A-Ñ-sâ H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 124

A-Ñ-\\pw I-W-¡v km-dpw A-½-bpw H-s¡ Xm³ F-s´- ¦n-epw \\-Ã-Xv sN-bv-Xm-epw, amÀ-¡v hm-§n-bm-epw X-e-bn ssIh- ¨- v ]d- -bmd- pï- v anS- p¡- nb- m-sW¶- v. A-Xh- Ä B \\na- n- jw HmÀ-¯v Nn-cn-¨p-sIm-ïv \\m-em-a-s¯ \\n-e-bn ]-c-Xm³ Xp-S-§n. A-t¸m-gm-Wv A-hÄ {i-²n-¡p-¶-Xv X-e-bn sh-¨n-cp-¶ ssI-IÄ A-h-fp-sS tXm-fn-se-¯n. ]-Xn-sb A-hÄ A-dn-bp-¶p-ïv ssI-IÄ \\o-§p-¶-Xm-bn. a-s¯ \\n-c-bn F-¯n-b- I-sï-¯v F¶v! k-l-]mTn, Xm³ {]n-b-s¸-« t¸mÄ A-¦nÄ ]-d-ªp. B sh-Ãp-hn-fn G-sä-Sp-¯v A-¦nÄ F-¶v hn-fn-¨n-cp-¶ \"\" Rm³ sImg- ª- p, A{- Xb- pw [-\\y ]-c-Xm³ Xp-S-§n. BÄ X-s¶-s¡m-ïv tKm- an-Sp-¡n B-sW-¦n kz-bw A-t¸mÄ A-¦nÄ ssI A-h- ]-\\‑pw tam-fn-bpw ]-c-¯m³ fp-sS X-e-bn h-bv-¡p-¶-Xm- B-h-iy-s¸-« BÄ, C-t¸mÄ bn Ah- Ä Ad- nª- p. A¦- nÄ X-sâ tXm-fn Iq-sS ssI- ]-d-bp-¶p-ïv \\o-sbm-cp an-Sp- IÄ ]‑m-bv-¡p-¶p. X-t¶m-Sv ¡nb- mW- v Fs- ¶ms- ¡. AÑ- - Iq-Sp-X A-Sp-¯v \\nÂ-¡p- \\p‑ w IW- ¡- v kmd- pw A½- b- pw ¶p. F¶- n«- pw Ab- mÄ Xt- ¶m- Hs- ¡ Xm³ Fs- ´¦- ne- pw \\Ã- - Sv kI-v qf- ns- e Imc- y§- Ä ¢mk- v Xv sN-bv-Xm-epw, amÀ-¡v hm- F¶- nh- s- b¸- ä- n tNmZ- n¡- p¶- p. §nb- me- pw Xe- b- n ssIh- ¨- v ]d- b- md- pï- v anS- p¡- nb- ms- W¶- .v F-´m-Wv kw-`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv AX- h- Ä B \\na- nj- w HmÀ¯- v F-¶v a-\\-Ên-em-Ip-¶n-Ã. Nn-cn-¨p-sIm-ïv \\m-em-a-s¯ A-bmÄ C-S-bv-¡v ]-d-bp-¶p- \\n-e-bn ]-c-Xm³ Xp-S-§n. ï.v Rm³ \\ns- â AÑ- s- \\t- ¸m- A-t¸m-gm-Wv A-hÄ {i-²n- se Xs- ¶b- ms- W¶- .v Ab- mÄ ¡p¶- X- v Xe- b- n sh¨- nc- p¶- Iq-Sp-X X-sâ tZ-l-t¯m-Sv ssII- Ä Ah- f- ps- S tXmf- ns- e- AS- p¯- v hc- p¶- X- mb- n Ah- Ä- ¯n. ]-Xn-sb A-hÄ A-dn- ¡v tXm-¶p-¶p-ïv. F-t´m bp-¶p-ïv ssI-IÄ \\o-§p- X-sâ Ip-ªp t{^m-¡n-sâ ¶-Xm-bn. Rm³ \\m-em-a-s¯ ap-I-fn-eq-sS X-sâ tZ-l-¯v \\ne- b- n ]c- X- pt- ¼mÄ A¦- n- X-«p-¶ t]m-sem-s¡ A-hÄ- fn-sâ ssI-IÄ X-sâ tZ-l- ¡v tXm¶- n Ah- k- m\\- w ss[- ¯v Iq-Sn C-d-§p-¶-Xm-bn cyw kw`- c- n¨- v Ah- Ä ]d- ª- p. A-hÄ A-dn-ªp. Im-en \"\" F-\\n-¡v t]m-Ww ! \\n¶- v XW- p¸- pw t]S- nb- pw Hc- p- ka- b- w sshI- n F¶- v ]d- ª- v an¨- v Xnc- ¨- pI- b- d- p¶- X- v Ah- Ä A-hÄ Ip-X-dn am-dn. A-dn-ªp. X-sâ A-Ñ-sâ \"\" A-Xn-\\v ]p-kv-X-Iw In-«n-bn- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 125

Ã-tÃm ? {]X- ypÂ]- mZ- \\- w a\\- pj- y\\- n‑  \\me- ma- s- ¯ Ìm³U- ns- e \"\" km-c-an-à ! [-\\y ]-d-ªp. F¶- `mK- a- mW- v AX- n\\- pa- p¼- ,v H-¶m-a-s¯ \\n-e-bn A-Xpw A-hÄ ap-Jw Xm-gv- \\n-§Ä-¡v kp-c-£n-X-am-b H-¶m-a-Xm-bn X-s¶ h-cp- ¯n \\n-¶m-Wv ]-d-bp-¶-Xv. -sX-mS-ep-IÄ A-Y-hm Kp-Uv ¶ t_m_- s- \\b- pw tamf- n- \\m-sf h-cp-tam F-¶ tNm- S-¨v F-´m-sW-¶v A-dn-bp- tbb- pw Iï- v tNmZ- y¯- n\\- v Zyw A-bmÄ tNm-Zn-¡p-¶p- tam ? Ip-«n-IÄ an-ïm-sX ad- p]- S- n ]d- b- ms- X Ah- Ä ïv. \\m-em-a-s¯ Ìm³-Un- C-cn-¡p-¶p. B ]p-kv-X-I-im-e-bn se H-¶m-a-s¯ \\n-e-bn A-hÄ-¡v A-h-sf X-s¶-bm- \\n-¶v C-d-§n. tXm-Wn H-¶m-a-Xm-bn X-s¶ h-cp-¶ Wv X-sâ ap-¶n-se \\m-ev-]- t_m-_-s\\b- pw tamf- n-tbb- pw ¯n-b-t©m-fw I-®p-I-fn-epw I-b-dn-b-t¸mÄ I-ïv tNm-Zy-¯n-\\v a-dp-]-Sn Im-Wm³ I-gn-ª-Xv. X-sâ sh-fp-¯ ]-ªn-¸q-¡Ä ]-d-bm-sX A-hÄ B ]p-kv- A-[ym-]n-I-tbm ho-«p-Im-tcm a-g-s]-bv-Xv Ip-XnÀ-¶v X-I-im-e-bn \\n-¶v C-d-§n. ]d- ª- p a\\- Ê- ne- m¡- n Xc- mX- n- \\\\- ª- nc- p¶- p. ]p‑ g- b- n tXm-Wn I-b-dn-b-t¸mÄ sh- cp-¶ Im-cy-§Ä \\-Ã-Xv G-Xv Hmf- a- pï- mb- n«- pw tXmW- n fp¯- ]ª- n¸- q¡- Ä ag- s- ]b- v- No-¯ G-Xv F-¶v a-\\-Ên-em- Xv Ip-XnÀ-¶v \\-\\-ªn-cp-¶p. ¡m³ I-gn-bm-sX t]m-b Im- A-h-fp-sS a-\\-Ên-s\\ ]‑p-g-bn Hm-f-ap-ïm-bn-«pw cy-§Ä, X-sâ i-co-c-¯n ]‑m-se a-c-hn-¨p \\o-§n. tXm-Wn A-h-fp-sS a-\\-Ên-s\\ Xs- â A\\- ph- mZ- a- nÃ- ms- X sXm- t]m-se a-c-hn-¨p \\o-§n. Spt- ¼mÄ Xe- b- pb- À¯- n¸- nS- n¨- v \\n§- Ä sN¿- p¶- X- v sXä- mW- v ]n-s¶-bpw F-¶v ]-d-bm-\\p-Å ss[-cy-an- i-\\n-bm-gv-N h-¶p. e-£v-an- Ãm-bv-a C-sXm-¶pw X-sâ ap- tb-¨n A-h-sf hn-fn-¨p \\-ap- ¶n Cc- n¡- p¶- Ipª- p§- Ä- ¡v sse-{_-dn-bn t]m-Imw. ¡v h-cm-Xn-cn-¡-s«. X-s¶ A-hÄ \\n-c-kn-¨p. B-tcm-Spw ]e- cm{- XnI- f- ne- pw th«- b- mS- nb- B i-\\n-bm-gv-N-s¯ I-Y-IÄ Nn-´-IÄ C-\\n H-cmÄ-¡pw A-hÄ ]-d-ªn-Ã. `-b-am-bn- D-ïm-Im-Xn-cn-¡-s«, I-cn-¡p- cp-¶p. sX-äv sN-bv-X-Xv A-h- ew \\nÀ-½n-¡p-¶-hÀ h-f-sc fm-sW-¶v `-bw. Ir-Xy-X-tbm-sS-bm-Wv Hm-tcm ]mT-`m-K-§-fpw DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n- s]-s«-¶v bnc- n¡- p-¶-Xv F¶- t_m[- yw F-t´m B-tem-Nn-¨v sR-«n \\-½Ä A-[ym-]-I-cm-Im³ D-WÀ-¶v k-a-bw t\\m-¡n-b- t]‑mI- p-¶-hÀ-¡v Dï- m-I-Ww. t¸mÄ cm{- Xn cï- c- . C\\- nb- pw ssew-Kn-I-hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n-\\v Xs- â seÊ- ¬ ¹m\\- ns- â Ah- - A-Xn-tâ-Xm-b ]-¦p-sï-¶v km-\\-s¯ Ip-d-¨p-`m-K-§Ä \\½- Ä a\\- Ê- ne- m¡- W- w. \\½- p- F-gp-Xm³ D-sï-¶v A-hÄ- sS ap¶- ne- nc- n¡- p¶- Hc- mb- nc- w ¡v HmÀa- h- ¶- p. AX- pt- ]ms- e Ipª- p§- Ä¡- v \\½- ps- S Ad- n- P-\\-d sk-£-sâ `m-K-hpw hn-eq-sS sh-fn-¨w ]-IÀ-¶p ]q-cn-¸n-¡-Ww. sIm-Sp-¡mw. hy-à-X-tbm-sS ]n-tä-¶v X-sâ ap-¶n-en-cn- X-e-bp-bÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¨v \\n-e-]‑m- ¡p-¶ \\m-ev-]-¯n-b-t©m- SpI- f- ne- q¶- n Poh- n¡- m³ Ah- - fw Ip-ªp-§-fp-sS ap-¶n sc {]m-]v-X-cm-¡mw. \\n¶- ps- Imï- v Ah- Ä ]d- ª- p. \"\" Rm³ C-¶v ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 126

Reshma T L (Physical Science ) H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 127

Amrutha (Sanskrit ) H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 128

Syam Sivan (Malayalam ) tNm-c-No-´n-b a-®n em-¯n-ho-ip-t¼mÄ k-a-c-k-s¸-Sm-¯ A-t\\-I `n-¡p-¶-Xv 2020 sk-]v-äw- ln-bp-sS A-XnÀ-¯n-I-fn _-dn-em-Wv. Xo-{h-ln-µp-Xz A-¶w X-cp-¶ IÀ-j-I-cp-sS k-a-c-§-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv `m-c- cm{- ãob- X- b- ps- S sImS- nb- S- b- m- ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-§Ä ap-g-§n-t¡- Xw \\ma- n¶- v ImW- p¶- ]p‑ t- cm- f-am-bn C-´y³ P-\\-X-b-S-bm- «-Xv. Ka- \\- ]- mX- I- Ä ]n´- pS- c- p¶- X- v. f-s¸-Sp-¯n-b tam-Zn kÀ-¡m- C-´ym N-cn-{X-¯n-se X-s¶ cn-sâ aq-¶v hn-hm-Z-]-c-am-b G-ä-hpw h-en-b {]-t£m-`w ImÀ-jn-I ]-cn-jv-Im-c-§-sf F-¶v hym-Jym-\\n-¡m³ I-gn- Np-än-¯n-cn-ªm-Wv UÂ- bp-¶ IÀ-j-I-k-a-cw B-cw- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 129

Z ^mÀ-ta-gv-kv s{]m-Uyq-kv Z ^mÀ-ta-gv-kv (Fw-]-hÀ- t{S-Uv B³-Uv tIm-ta-gv- saâ v B³-Uv s{]m-«£- ³) kv ({]-tam-j³ s^-kn-en- F-{Kn-saâ v Hm¬ ss{]-kv tä-j³) B-Îv 2020. A-iz-d³-kv B³-Uv ^mw kÀ-ho-kv B-Îv 2022. 2020 sk]- vä- w-_d- n C-´y³ kÀ-¡mÀ sIm-ïp-h-¶ 3 G-sX-¦n-epw ImÀ-jn-I D-Xv- ImÀ-jn-I ]-cn-jv-Im-c-§-fn ]-¶-§Ä DÂ-¸m-Zn-¸n-¡p-¶- H¶- mW- v F ]n Fw kn F¶- - Xn-t\\m h-fÀ-¯p-¶-Xn-t\\m dnb- s- ¸S- p¶- ^mÀt- ag- vk- v s{] ap-¼m-bn hm-§p-¶-h-cp-am-bn m-Uyq-kv t{S-Uv B³-Uv tIm- tcJ- m-aq-e-apÅ- I-cmd- p-I-fn ta-gv-kv ({]-tam-j³ s^-kn- GÀ-s¸-Sm³ ^mw tk-h-\\ en-tä-j³) B-Îv 2020. \\n-e- \\n-b-a-sa-¶v Np-cp-¡-t¸-cn hne- pÅ- kÀ¡- mc- n\\- v ]pd- ¯- v A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶ Cu \\n-b-aw H-cp _-Z hn-]-Wn-L-S-\\ IÀj- I- s- c {]m]- vX- c- m¡- p¶- p. kr-ãn-¡p-I-bm-Wv Cu \\n-b- C-¯-cw I-cm-dp-IÄ DÂ-¸- aw e£- ya- nS- p¶- X- v. IÀj- I- À- ¶-§-fp-sS hn-e, Kp-W-\\n-e- ¡v Ah- c- ps- S D¸- ¶- §- f- n hm-c am-\\-Z-Þ-§Ä, A-f-hv, Iq-Sp-X kzm-X-{´y-hpw h-g- sU-en-h-dn sj-UyqÄ F-¶n- ¡-hpw \\Â-Ip-I F-¶-Xm-Wv h-bpÄ-s¸-sS-bp-Å \\n-_- Cu \\n-b-a-¯n-\\v ]n-¶n-se Ô-\\-I-fpw hy-h-Ø-I-fpw e-£y-sa-¶v tI-{µ-kÀ-¡mÀ cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯m³ Im-c-W-am- A-h-Im-i-s¸-Sp-t¼m-gpw, IÀ- Ip-¶p. hn-e-bn-se G-ä-¡p- jI- À tImÀ¸- t- dä- v _b- Àa- mc- p- d¨- ne- pI- f- n \\n¶- pw hn]- W- n- sS Nq-j-W-¯n-\\v hn-t[-b-am- bns- e A]- I- S- §- f- n \\n¶- pw Ipw F-¶-Xm-Wv hm-kv-X-hw. IÀ-j-I-sc kw-c-£n-¡p-¶- IÀ-j-I-cp-sS h-cp-am-\\w kw- Xn-\\v Cu \\n-b-aw k-lm-bn- c£- n¡- p¶- X- n\\- v \\nÀW- mb- I- - ¡p¶- ps- h¶- v tI{- µk- À¡- mÀ sa-¶v A-hÀ I-cp-Xp-¶ Xm- A-h-Im-i-s¸-Sp-t¼m-gpw, Cu §p hne- b- ¡v- v (Fw Fk- v ]n‑ ) \\n-b-aw ImÀ-jn-I cw-K-¯v \\n-b-a-]-c-am-b ]-cn-c-£-bpw A-[n-Im-c A-k-´p-en-Xm- \\Â-Ip-¶n-à F-¶ B-i-¦- h-Ø kr-ãn-¡p-¶-sX-¶pw bpw A-hÀ {]-I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p. sN-dp-In-S, ]mÀ-iz-hÂ-¡-cn- ImÀ-jn-I cw-K-s¯ hÀ-²n-¨ ¡-s¸-« IÀ-j-IÀ-¡v A-c- tImÀ-¸-td-äv hÂ-¡-c-W-¯n- £n-Xm-h-Ø t\\-cn-tS-ïn te¡- pÅ- tI{- µk- À¡- mc- ns- â h-cp-sa-¶p-ap-Å F-XnÀ-hm- t_m[- ]- qÀÆ- a- mb- \\o¡- a- mW- v Z-§Ä IÀ-j-IÀ ap-t¶m-«v Cu \\n-b-aw. Iq-Sm-sX ImÀ- h-bv-¡p-¶p. \\n-b-a-]-c-am-b jn-I hn-]-Wn-I-sf \\n-b-{´n- kp-c-£m-kw-hn-[m-\\-§-fp-sS ¡p-¶-Xn kw-Øm-\\ kÀ- A-`m-hw, `q-an Nq-j-W-km- ¡mc- pI- f- ps- S ]¦- ns- \\b- pw Cu [yX- , kÀ¡- mÀ ]n´- pW- I- s- f \\n-ba- w ZpÀ_- e- a- m-¡p-¶pï- v. ZpÀ_- e- s- ¸S- p¯- Â, hne- I- f- p- sS D-d-¸p-I-fn-se A-hy-à-X H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 130

XpS- §- n hyX- yk- X-v am\\- Z- Þ- - C-´y³ ImÀ-jn-I ta-J-e-bn IÀ-j-IÀ t\\-cn-Sp-¶ §-fn C-¶pw Cu I-cn-\\n- sh-Ãp-hn-fn-IÄ-¡pw B-h-em-Xn-IÄ-¡p-sa-Xn-sc-bp-Å b-aw h-en-b hn-aÀ-i-\\-§Ä i-à-am-b {]-Xn-tj-[-am-bn-cp-¶p Cu k-a-cw. ImÀ-jn-I t\\-cn-Sp-¶p-ïv. taJ- e- s- b DZ- mc- h- ¡- c- n¡- p¶- X- n\\- pw \\h- oI- c- n¡- p¶- X- n\\- p- am-Wv Cu ImÀ-jn-I \\n-b-a-]-cn-jv-Im-c-§Ä e-£y-an-Sp-¶- F-sk³-jy sIm-tam- sX-¶v tI-{µ-kÀ-¡mÀ hm-Zn-¨-t¸mÄ IÀ-j-IÀ X-§-fp-sS Un-äo-kv (A-sa³-Uv-saâ v) D-]-Po-h-\\-amÀ-¤-s¯-bpw \\n-e-hn-ep-Å ]n-´p-W kw-hn-[m-\\- B-Îv 2022. §-sf-bpw _m-[n-¡m³ C-S-bp-Å B-i-¦-I-sf-bp-am-Wv 1955 se F-sk³-jy sIm- hn-hn-[ {]-Xn-tj-[-§-fn-eq-sS k-a-c ap-J-¯v {]-I-Sn-¸n-¨-Xv. tam-Un-äo-kv B-Iv-än-s\\ t`-Z- K-Xn sN-¿p-¶ \\n-b-a-am-Wn- ]-c-am-h-[n Xm-§p hn-e, ImÀ-jn-I hn-]-Wn-I-fp-sS Xv. 2020 se \\n-b-a-t`-Z-K-Xn kw-c-£-Ww, I-Sm-izm-k-hpw B-Zm-b kp-c-£-bpw, {]m-Xn- cm-Py-¯n-sâ sam-¯ DÂ- \\n-[y-hpw NÀ-¨m-km-[y-X-I-fpw F-¶o \\ym-b-am-b IÀ-j-I ]‑m-Z-\\-s¯ \\n-b-{´n-¡m³ Ah- I- mi- §- Ä¡- v th-ïnb- m-Wv, UÂl- nb- ns- e AX- ns- si- kÀ-¡m-cn-s\\ A-[n-Im-c-s¸- Xy-¯n-epw t]m-eo-kn-sâ A-[n-Im-c-em-¯n-IÄ-¡p ap-¼n Sp-¯p-¶ H-¶m-bn hÀ-¯n- ¡p-¶p. tÌm-¡v ]-cn-[n-IÄ C-´y³ IÀ-j-I-cp-sS c-àw Nn-X-dn-b-Xv. \\o¡- w sN¿- Â, hne- \\nb- {- ´- Ww, \\nt- £]- §- s- f DuÀÖ- - §Ä-s¡-Xn-cm-bn ]-©m-_v, IÀ-j-I-cpw, 2021 Pq-em-bv 10 kz-e-am-¡Â, Xp-S-§n A-\\- l-cn-bm-\\, D-¯À-{]-tZ-iv h-sc 537 IÀ-j-I-cpw, 2021 h-[n hy-h-Ø-IÄ-¡p-ta F-¶n-hn-S-§-fn \\n-¶pw Ht- Îm_- À, \\h- w_- À amk- §- - t`-Z-K-Xn sN-¿-s¸-« Cu A-\\-h-[n IÀ-j-I-cm-Wv Cu fn-em-bn 750 Hm-fw- IÀ-j-I- \\n-b-aw B-Zy hm-b-\\-bn k-a-c-t]m-cm-«-§Ä-¡v t\\-Xr- cpw a-cn-¨-Xm-bn Hu-tZym-Kn-I ImÀ-jn-I-cw-K-s¯ Ip-Xn-¨p- Xzw \\Â-In-b-Xv. {]m-Y-an-I- IW- ¡- pI- Ä hyà- a- m¡- p¶- p. Nm-«-am-bn tXm-¶p-sa-¦n-epw am-bn UÂ-ln-bp-sS {]m-´ tÌm-¡v ]-cn-[n-IÄ \\o-¡w {]-tZ-i-§-fn k-am-[m-\\- C-´y³ ImÀ-jn-I ta-J-e- sN-¿p-¶-Xv aq-ew A-an-X-amb- ]-c-am-b amÀ-¨p-IÄ, tdm-Uv bn IÀ-j-IÀ t\\-cn-Sp-¶ ]qg- ¯v- nh- b- ¸v- n\\- pw Dul- ¡- ¨- - D-]-tcm-[-§Ä, Ip-¯n-bn-cn-¸v sh-Ãp-hn-fn-IÄ-¡pw B-h- hS- ¯- n\\- p‑ w kzI- mc- yØ- m]- \\- - k-a-c-§Ä F-¶n-h-bpÄ-s¸- em-Xn-IÄ-¡p-sa-Xn-sc-bp-Å §f- ps- S \\nb- {- ´W- ¯- n\\- v ta- sS hn-hn-[- {]-Xn-tj-[-§Ä i-à-am-b {]-Xn-tj-[-am-bn- epÅ- hne- Ir{- Xna- X- z¯- n\\- pw Ah- À kwL- S- n¸- n¨- p. 2021 ep- cp-¶p Cu k-a-cw. ImÀ-jn-I Imc- W- a- mI- p-¶pï- v. Cu t`Z- - S-\\o-fw {]-Xn-tj-[-§Ä hn-I- ta-J-e-sb D-Zm-c-hÂ-¡-cn- KX- n Bh- i- yk- m[- \\- §- f- ps- S kn-¨p-sIm-ïn-cp-¶p. kÀ-¡m- ¡p-¶-Xn-\\pw \\-ho-I-cn-¡p- hn-e-bn Nm-©m-«-ap-ïm-¡p- cpw IÀ-j-I-kw-L-S-\\-I-fpw ¶-Xn-\\p-am-Wv Cu ImÀ-jn-I I-bpw A-Sn-b-´-c-L-«-§-fn- X-½n-ep-Å G-äp-ap-«-en-eq-sS \\nb- a- ]- c- nj- I-v mc- §- Ä e£- y- tem {]-Xn-k-Ôn-I-fn-tem 2021 amÀ-¨v A-©p-h-sc 248 anS- p-¶s- X¶- v tI-{µ-kÀ¡- mÀ C-Ss- ]S- m\\- pÅ- kÀ¡- mc- n-sâ I-gn-hn-s\\ ZpÀ-_-e-s¸-Sp-¯p- sa¶- pw hna- Ài- I- À Nqï- n¡- m- Wn-¡p-¶p. C-´y³ ImÀ-jn-I cw-K-s¯ I-cn-\\n-b-a-§Ä F-¶v hn- e-bn-cp-¯-s¸-« Cu \\n-b-a- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 131

hmZ- n¨- t- ¸mÄ IÀj- I- À X§- - fn-eq-sS t\\-Sn-b-X-Ã. a-dn-¨v 2021 Unk- w_- À H¶- n\\- v {]k- v- fp-sS D-]-Po-h-\\-amÀ-¤-s¯- C-´y³ ImÀ-jn-I-hr-¯n-bp- Xp-X \\n-b-a-§Ä C-´y-bn bpw \\n-e-hn-ep-Å ]n-´p-W sS kw-k-vIm-c-¯n \\n-¶p- Hu-]-Nm-cn-I-am-bn d-±m-¡-s¸- kw-hn-[m-\\-§-sf-bpw _m-[n- ap-ïm-b ]-c-kv-]-cm-{in-X-Xz Sp-I-bpw kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn ¡m³ CS- b- pÅ- Bi- ¦- I- s- f- am-\\-hn-I Im-gv-N-¸m-Sn-sâ \\n-tbm-Kn-¨ k-an-Xn 2022 amÀ- bp-am-Wv hn-hn-[ {]-Xn-tj-[- am-säm-en-I-fm-Wv. IÀ-j-I- ¨v 21\\v dn-t¸mÀ-«v ]-c-ky-s¸- §-fn-eq-sS k-a-c ap-J-¯v cp-sS B-h-iy-§Ä A-`n-kw- Sp-¯p-I-bp-ap-ïm-bn. X-§-fp- {]-I-Sn-¸n-¨-Xv. ]-c-am-h-[n t_m-[-\\ sN-¿p-¶-Xn-\\pw sS A-h-Im-i-§Ä-¡v ta Xm-§p hn-e, ImÀ-jn-I hn- kp-Øn-c-hpw k-a-{K-hp-am-b A-[n-Im-c kn-cm-tI-{µ-§Ä ]-Wn-I-fp-sS kw-c-£-Ww, ImÀ-jn-I-ta-J-e-sb t{]‑m- \\-S-¯p-¶ Nq-j-W-§Ä-s¡- I-Sm-izm-k-hpw B-Zm-b kp- Õm-ln-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\\pw kp- Xn-sc-bp-Å k-a-c-t]m-cm-«- c-£-bpw, {]m-Xn-\\n-[y-hpw Xm-cy-am-b IÀ-½ ]-²-Xn-IÄ sa-¶-Xn-ep-]-cn a-®n-s\\-bpw NÀ-¨m-km-[y-X-I-fpw F-¶o B-hn-jv-I-cn-t¡-ï-Xv P-\\-{]- a-\\p-jy-s\\-bpw tNÀ-¯p-]‑n- \\ym-b-am-b IÀ-j-I A-h- Xn\\- n[- nI- f- ps- Sb- pw kÀ¡- mc- n- Sn-¡p-¶ C-´ym a-lm-cm-Py- Im-i-§Ä-¡v th-ïn-bm-Wv, sâ-bpw I-S-a-bm-sW-¶v Cu ¯n-sâ A-¶-Zm-Xm-¡-fp-sS, UÂ-ln-bn-se A-Xn-ssi-Xy- IÀ-j-I-{]-Xn-tj-[w \\-s½ A-[zm-\\-hÀ-¤-¯n-sâ, IÀ- ¯n-epw t]m-eo-kn-sâ A-[n- t_m-[y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. j-I-cp-sS c-à-cq-£n-X hn- Im-c-em-¯n-IÄ-¡p ap-¼n Cu \\q-äm-ïn-se G-ä-hpw ¹-h-am-bn-«m-Wv Cu k-a-cw C-´y³ IÀ-j-I-cp-sS c-àw i-à-am-b {]-Xn-tj-[-¯n- N-cn-{X-tc-J-I-fn sIm-¯n- Nn-X-dn-b-Xv. \\m-\\m-Xz-¯n \\v ap-¼n ap-«p-a-S-¡n-s¡m- h-bv-¡-s¸-tS-ï-Xv. G-I-Xzw F-¶ C-´y³ kmw- ïv 2021 \\-hw-_À 19 \\m-Wv k-vIm-cn-I sF-Iy-¯n-sâ Zr- {]-[m-\\-a-{´n \\-tc-{µ-tam-Zn \"tIm³ _-\\m-b ln-µp- V-X-bm-Wv {]-Xn-tj-[-§Ä- Cu Ic- n\\- nb- a- §- Ä ]n³h- e- n- Øm³? `m-c-Xv Im a-kv-ZqÀ ¡v i-àn ]-IÀ-¶-Xv. Cu ¡mw F¶- v Hut- ZymK- nI- a- mb- n In-km³.' sF-Iyw tI-h-e B-ZÀ-i-§- {]J- ym]- n¨- X- v. Ct- X XpS- À¶- v H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 132

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