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AXpt]m‑ se h\\whIp¸pambn _Ôs¸«pÅ `mhnbnse A[ym]IcmIm³ \\‑nch[n Iym¼pIÄ¡pw ]s¦Sp¡phm³ F\\n¡v km[n¨n«pï.v \\nc´cw {]IrXn‑ bpambn t]‑mIp¶ R§Ä¡v {]IrXn CSs]Sm\\pÅ Ahkchpw \\nÀt±ihpw X¶ncp¶Xnt\\msSm¸w Xs¶ hmb\\mioew kwc£W¯n\\mbn Fs´ms¡ hfÀ¯m\\pw So¨À ]cnioen¸n¨p. sN¿m\\‑mIpw? {]IrXnbnse {]iv\\§Ä hfsc s]s«¶v a\\ÊnemIp¶Xv GXp hnjb¯nepw {]IrXnbpsS kzm[o\\ kv{X‑oIÄ¡msW¶v ]dbp¶Xn hm- apïv. AXv \\à coXnbn _Ôs¸Sp¯n kvXhaptïm? Ip«nIÄ¡v ]dªpsImSp¡m³ \\à hmb\\‑mioew thWw. B¬Ip«nIsf Dï,v AXv icnbmW.v Hcp tImtfPn s]m‑ Xp{] At]£n¨v s]¬Ip«nIÄ¡v hmb\\m‑ io- iv\\s¯¡pdn¨v kwkmcn¡pt¼mÄ s]s«¶v ew hfsc IpdhmWv. \\½Ä GXp Im- {]XnIcn¡p¶Xv B¬Ip«nIsf At]£n¨v cyhpw Hcnãt¯msS sN¿Ww. Hcp hn- s]¬Ip«nIfmW.v Ipªp§fp‑ sS AYhm hcpw jbs¯bpw Häb¡v v ]Tn¸n¡msX FÃm XeapdbpsS \\‑ne\\n¸ns\\¡pd‑n¨v IqSpX hnjb§sfbpw tImÀ¯nW¡ns¡mïv Pm{KX ]p‑ eÀ¯p¶Xv k{v Xo‑ IfmsW¶v Fsâ ]Tn¸n¡m\\dnbWw. s]mXp Imcy§Ä ] CSs]Sen \\n¶pw F\\n¡v tXm¶nbn«pïv. eXpw a\\Ênem¡ms\\‑mcnSw A[ym]IÀ ¢mÊav pdnbnsemcp¡Ww. Zqsc Batkm¬ ]cnØnXnZn\\mNcWw t]mepÅ Zn\\‑m ImSns\\¡pd‑n¨v ]Tn¡p¶Xnt\\‑msSm¸w tLmj§Ä shdpw BtLmj§fn Xs¶ sXm«Sp¯ {]tZi§fn‑  \\S¡p¶ HXp‑ §nt¸mIp¶p F¶v tXm¶nbn«ptïm? amä§fpw Ip«nIfdnbWw. F¶m am{Xta Ahcn icnbmb Aht_m[w an¡t¸mgpw tXm¶mdpïv. B Hcp Zn- krãn¡m\\‑mIq. Hmtcm ]‑q¼mä¡pw hk¯n Nne ]cn]mSnIÄ \\S¯n ]‑n¶oSv AX‑nsâ emÀh sNSnbpïv. AXn B Znhk¯nsâ {]m[m\\ys¯ ]msS am{XamWh ap«bnSp¶X.-v C¯c¯nepÅ ad¶pt]‑mIp¶Xmbn tXm¶nbn«pïv. {]IrXnbnse Hmtcm Ne\\hpw Ip«nIÄ¡v a\\Ênem¡ns¡mSpt¡ïXv \\n§Ä A[ym]IcmWv. c£nXmhnt\\‑mfw D¯chmZnX‑zapÅhcmWv \\n§Ä. arK§tfmSpÅ BfpIfpsS s]cpamäcoXnsb¡pdn¨p F´mWv ]dbm\\pÅXv ? \\½Ä \\à a\\pjycmtIïXpï.v Hcp kaqlw AhnSps¯ arK§tfmsS§s\\ s]cpamdp¶p F¶Xph¨v B kaqls¯ hnebncp¯mw F¶v KmÔnPn ]dªn«pïv. \\½Ä \\½psS Ipªp§tfmSv F§s\\ s]cpamdp¶pthm AtX coXnbnemWv Ip«nbpw aäpÅhtcmSv s] cpamdp¶Xv. Hcp IpSpw_¯n \\n¶pthWw Npäp]mSpItfmSpapÅ kao]\\w hfÀ¯nsb- Sp¡m³. H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 49

Ambadikannan P. B. (Sanskrit ) A-Wp-¡Ä-s]-cp-I-sh ]-SÀ-¶n-Sp-¶p-tcm-Kw U-¦n-¸-\\n, ]-¶n-¸-\\n tIm-f-d. .....a-lm-am-cn-IÄ A-Wp-¡Ä ]n-f-c-sh h-an-¡p-¶-K-\\v n þ a-lm-\\m-i-Iw A-Wp-\\m-in-\\n X-fn-þ ¨-aÀ-¯m-a-Wp-¡-sf bp-à-am-au-j-[ þ a-I-äpw-tcm-K-s¯-bpw A-Wp-¡-sf ]n-fÀ-¡-bm þ am ep-ïm-Ipw-hn-]-¯n-s\\ sa-cp-¡m³ h-gn-bn-Ãm Xp-g-ep-¶-tlm-tem-Iw \\njmZ!hr-¯n-lo-\\-amw-io-ew Np-äp-]m-Sn-h-sb-Ãmw A-Wp-¡Ä-s]-cp-Ip-hm³ \\n-an-¯-am-bn-Sp-¶p Zp-ã-cm-a-kp-c-·m-þ im-kv-{X-¯n³ K-Xn-s¡m-¸w c-cn-b-h-cw t\\-Sn X-fnÀ-¯p-h-f-cm-¯ `o-I-c-\\m-iw-sN-bv-X þ am-\\-h kw-k-vIm-c-¯m-þ tX-hÀ-¡pw ]mT-a-tÃm e-Wp-¡Ä ]n-f-cp-¶p Kp-W-§-tf-sd-¯oÀ-¡p þ AÀ-l-X-t]-dm-t¯mÀ a-Wp-hn³ i-àn-bm-se ¡-dn-hp-e-`n-¨o-Sn \\n-W-s¯-sbm-gp-¡p-¶p B-]-¯p `-hn-¡p-sa-þ Zp-ã-amw \\-c-_p-²n ! ¶m-Nm-cy-a-Xw-k-Xyw H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 50

Facts On Warriors Reshma Mohan Of Our Body - The (Natural Science ) Immune System • All illnesses of the body the antibodies that help to serve any purpose in the protect the body from the functioning of the human and mind, historically, attack of foreign patho- body. were attributed to some- gens. • However, recent research thing known as “humor”. • Immune cells are spe- has shed some light on • These humors, known as cialized blood cells that what may be the actual “melancholic“, “Phlegmat- are of different types such function of the appendix. ic“, “choleric“, or “san- as phagocytes, T-cells, • The appendix seems to guine“, were brought up B-cells. Some are produced house immune systems by the Greek philosopher in the thymus, whereas called Innate lymphoid Hippocrates. others are produced in the cells (ILC) that help repop- • They are linked to the spleen and the lymph node. ulate the gut microbiota four elements which repre- • The appendix was long following an infection or a sent the bodily fluids: earth thought to be a vestigial course of antibiotics. (black bile), air (blood), organ that does not seem • A genetic disease is water (phlegm) and fire (yellow bile). Physicians would diagnose illnesses based on the combination of these. • The blood cells are the basis for the development and functioning of the im- mune system. • The white blood cells form the precursors of the immune cells such as leu- kocytes, lymphocytes and H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 51

known as SCID or Severe of the immune system are tive emotions and a healthy Combined Immunodefi- IgA, IgG, IgE, IgD, etc. lifestyle boosts the func- ciency Disease results in • The immune system can tioning of the immune sys- the absence of immune sometimes dysfunction and tem by helping lymphocyte cells that makes the affect- target normal cells of the proliferation. ed susceptible to the attack body. • Allergies are immune of foreign pathogens and • The disorders that arise reactions to the entry of infections. from such an action are a foreign particle that is • Various treatments for called Autoimmune Disor- non-pathogenic, in the hu- SCID have been developed ders and are caused by both man body. such as transplant of bone genetic and environmental • These reactions result in marrow from a related in- factors. symptoms such as fainting, dividual or a sibling that • Type-2 diabetes is a type hives, runny nose or sinus helps to restore the im- of autoimmune disorder issues. mune system in the affect- that is caused by the body’s • A typical example of al- ed individual. immune cells attacking its lergens that cause such a • Research shows that the own pancreatic islet cells, reaction includes pollen, immune system fails to that leads to impaired pro- dust or even edible items function to its fullest ca- duction of insulin. such as peanuts. pacity under the circum- • Vaccines contain whole • When a foreign pathogen stances of lack of adequate or part of the microorgan- enters the body, the im- sleep. ism that causes the infec- mune system brings about • Lack of sleep results in tion in order to induce the the process of inflamma- decreased proliferation of mild state of the infection tion. T cells that help provide in the body. • The inflammation ulti- immunity to the human • The remnants of this vac- mately leads to an increase body. cine-induced infection cy- in body temperature, com- • Antibodies are immuno- cle are stored in the mem- monly known as fever. globulins produced by the ory of cells called memory • This reaction is the im- B-cells of the immune sys- cells which are a type of B mune’s system response tem. The B cells produce a lymphocytes. to eliminate the pathogen different kind of antibod- • When the human body from the body by increas- ies. encounters the pathogen a ing body temperature, • Antibodies are funda- second time, the memory B to make survival for the mentally Y-shaped mole- cells spring into action and pathogen in the body dif- cules that target pathogenic eliminate the pathogen, ficult. proteins and markers and even before it can cause a • A diet low in vitamin D attract other immune cells full-fledged infection. and reduced exposure to towards the pathogen for • Stress releases steroid sunlight can have an im- targeted destruction and hormones such as cortisol pact on Vitamin D levels in elimination from the hu- that affects the functioning the body. man body. of the immune system. • Vitamin D is an essential • Some of the antibodies • On the other hand, posi- nutrient that helps enhance H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 52

the function of the immune bone marrow is unable to gulfed, they release diges- system. produce adequate quanti- tive enzymes that help to • Low levels of vitamin D ties of blood cells that can break down the pathogen are commonly associated lead to improper or absent and eliminate it from the with immune dysfunction functioning of the immune human body. or low immunity. system. • Lymphocytes are blood • Laughter helps release • In such cases, bone mar- cells that play an important chemical stimulants in row from a donor match role in the functioning of the brain, that bring down is essential to restore the the immune system. stress. functioning of the immune • There are different kinds • Stress is a major cause of system in the affected indi- of lymphocytes – primarily immune dysfunction that vidual. the B and T lymphocytes makes one more suscepti- • Phagocytes are the type that form the two branches ble to infections. of immune cells that engulf of the immune system – • Chemical stimulants such pathogenic particles that adaptive and innate. as dopamine are released are foreign to the human • In adults, the normal lym- during laughter, that stim- body. phocyte count is between ulates the immune system. • Phagocytes have a pair of 1,000 and 4,800 lympho- • All blood cells arise from structures that extend from cytes in 1 microliter (µL) the bone marrow. They the main cell body called of blood. A count higher then differentiate into dif- “pseudopodia” that help in than this can indicate the ferent types according to encircling the pathogenic presence of an infection in their functions. particle. the body. • In some diseases, the • Once the particle is en- • Inflammation is the im- mune system’s first re- sponse towards the entry of a foreign body or pathogen into the body. • Inflammatory mediators include cells as well as chemical signals that help bring about the process of inflammation. • A healthy inflammation process is rapid and fades away quickly after it has begun. H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 53

Remya M. K. SCIENCE (Sanskrit ) IN SANSKRIT India was a nation that zeal mentioned in the Vedas by my. “The solid material in Sage Vishwamitra in an- the sky is attracted by the for the good wellness of cient times. It is mentioned force of the earth itself. the whole world. Any aus- in the Vedas that the Sun Whatever attracts it falls picious event in India ends God sends his seven rays down, where do spheres with the chanting of the Ve- to the earth. Before New- that attract each other with dic mantra LokaSamastha ton discovered gravity, equal forces land? “ These Sukhino Bhavantu. Our there was a definition of lines can be found in the culture was diminished by gravity in Indian astrono- sixth chapter of the book foreigners upto the period of 1947 and later we were responsible for it. Health science, mathematics, as- tronomy are all invaluable contributions from India. Our Indians chanted Ve- dic mantras using A.P and G.P. Hundreds of chemis- try books were written in India over the period AD 400 to AD 1500. Books like Dasha Ratnakaram, Dasha Samuchyam and Rasatantra Chudhamani were all written by emi- nent chemists like Nagar- juna. All these books have instructions on how to use each chemical. Sir Isaac Newton’s invention of the seven colors of light was H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 54

Siddhantashiromani in entire experiment was con- the UpanaKosam section ducted on AIDS patients Written by Bhaskaracharya and cancer patients were in 1148. Aryabhataiyam, prescribed very short life written by Aryabhatacha- span by modern medicine. rya I in 449 A.D., stands at Ayurveda clearly states the top of the list of astro- that no medicine other than nomical treatises in India. water should be given for The sphericity of the earth, any disease. It has been the rotation of the earth initiated by WHO. The around the sun, and the ro- world has accepted the fact tation of the earth are clear- that India is the source of ly written in Aryabhatiya. knowledge. India has made What Aryabhattacharya invaluable contributions in and Bhaskaracharya have all fields like science, liter- written along with its ten- ature, mathematics and so fold description is written on..... by Brahmagupta in Brah- maputaSiddhanta. Area of a circle, circumference of a circle, volume of a cyl- inder etc., are written by Brahmagupta very clear- ly with equations. That is why India’s first satellite was named as Aryabhata. Hippocrates is known as the father of modern medicine. But Hippocrates mentions 117 times in his book that he learned medicine from the books of Taraka and Shus- ruta. Sushruta wrote in Shushruta Samhita that the body and mind should be brought together for treat- ment. This theory which was written in 700 BC got tested in 1993 by Dr. Deep- ak Chopra at the Washing- ton Health Institute. The H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 55

ssat{Im SruthiS. Lal. (Natural Science ) t]mcm«§Ä \\n-e-\\nÂ-¸n-\\m-bp-Å t] jy-s\\-¶pw A-h-s\\-¡p-dn-¨v- bn-se- a-äp -Po-h-Pm-e-§Ä. am-{X-ta- Nn-´n-¡p-¶p-Åp. I-®p-IÄ- sIm-ïv Im-Wm³ m-cm-«-¯n-teÀ-s¸-«n-cn-¡p- A-Xp-sIm-ïp-X-s¶ G-sXm- I-gn-bm-¯ \\n-c-h-[n s]‑m- ¶-h-cm-Wv Cu tem-I-s¯ cm-i-b-s¯-bpw a-\\p-jy-sâ- cp-X-ep-IÄ \\-ap-¡v-Np-äpw kÀ-h-N-cm-N-c-§-fpw. Im-gv-N-¸m-Sn-eq-sS -am-{X-ta \\-S-¡p-¶p-ïv. t]‑m-cm-«w F-¶- hm-¡v \\‑mw t\\m-¡n-¡m-Wp-¶p-Åp. tIÄ-¡pt¼mÄ a-\\-Ên-te- Cu `q-an-bn ]-e-Xpw t\\- F-®n-Xn-«-s¸- t¡m-Sn F-¯p-¶-Xv N-cn- Sm-\\m-bn \\mw \\-S-¯p-¶ Sp-¯m³ I-gn-bm-¯ kq- {X \\m-b-I-·m-cpw -A-hÀ t]m-cm-«-¯n-sâ ]-Xn³-a-S- £v-a-Po-hn-I-fpw- Hm-tcm \\-bn-¨ k-a-c-ap-d-I-fp-am-Wv. §v Po-hn-¡m³ th-ïn s] \\n-an-j-hpw- A-Xn-Po-h-\\- A-XnÂ- B-Ý-cy-s¸-Sm-\\p- m-cp-Xp-¶-h-cm-Wv Cu `q-an- ¯n-\\m-bn s]m-cp-Xp-I-bm- sam-¶p-an-Ã. Im-c-Ww a-\\p- sW-¶p ]-d-ªm \\-ap-¡v- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 56

A-Ûp-Xw- tXm-¶n-tb-¡mw. A-XnÂ-Nn-e-Xm-Wv \\-ap-¡v- Np-äp-ap-Å _m-Iv-äo-cn-b-IÄ. F-¶pw {]-]-©-¯n-\\v Io-gn-ep-Å- F-´pw t\\-Sm-\\‑pw \\-in-¸n-¡m-\\‑pw sIÂ-¸p-Å a-\\p-jyÀ-¡n-S-bn am-{X- C-hn-sS _m-Iv-äo-cn-b-I-fpw a-Ã- Hm-tcm \\n-an-j-hpw- Po-h³ \\n-e-\\‑nÀ-¯n, ap-t¶-dm- \\m-bn- kq-£v-a- Po-hn-IÄ \\-S-¯p-¶ ]-cn-{i-a-§-fpw _m-Iv-äo-cn-tbm- t^-Pn-t\\m-Sv -H-cp-X-c-¯n ]-d-ªm t]‑m-cm-«-§-f-tÃ? \\n-c-´-cw- s]m-cp-Xn-s¡m-ïn- cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. _m-Iv-äo-cn- b-I-sf X-IÀ-¡m³ sIÂ- ¸p-Å- ssh-d-kp-I-fm-Wv _m-Iv-äo-cn-tbm -t^-Pp-IÄ. F-¶m _m-Iv-äo-cn-tbm- t^-Pn-sâ- B-{I-a-W-s¯ t\\-cn-Sm³ ]m-I-¯nÂ- Nn-e- kw-hn-[m-\\-§Ä _m-Iv-äo-cn- b-I-fn-epw -D-ïv. A-Xn-\\m-bn _m-Iv-äo-cn-b-I-fnÂ- Im-W- s¸-Sp-¶ H-cp {]-Xn-tcm-[ kw-hn-[m-\\-am-Wv {In-kv-] À-Im-kv (CRISPRCas). _m-Iv-äo-cn-b-sb- B-{I-an- ¡p-¶ ssh-d-kp-I-fp-sS Po-\\n-sâ- sN-dn-sbm-cp `m-K- t¯-¡p-dn-¨p-Å- hn-h-c-§Ä HmÀ-¯p-hb-¡v- m³ {In-kv-] ssh-d-kn-sâ DNA sb bn {]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu Nn-e {]-tXy-I-amÀ-K-§-fn- {]-Xn-tcm-[ kw-hn-[-m\\-§- À-Im-k-v- kw-hn-[m-\\w k-lm- eq-sS- I-sï-¯p-I-bpw-A- sf a-dn-I-S-¡p-¶-Xn-\\p-Å Xn-s\\ Nn-e F³-ssk-ap- X-{´-§Ä ssh-d-kp-I-fpw bn-¡p-¶p. B-Zyw -X-s¶ I-fp-sS k-lm-b-t¯m-sS {]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p. ssa-t{Im- \\-in-¸n-¡p-I-bpw -sN-bp-¶p. tem-I-¯p \\n-e-\\‑nÂ-¡p- A-Xn {]-[m-\\-s¸-«-Xv A-t_m-«o-hv C³-s^-£³ ¶-Xv- -C¯-c-¯n-ep-Å- kw-hn-[m-\\-hpw- Nn-e- k-µÀ- kw-LÀ-j-§-fpw- sN-dp- _m-Iv-äo-cn-b- A-Xn-sâ ]‑p-d- `-§-fn _m-Iv-äo-cn-b-IÄ ¯p- \\‑nÂ-¸p-I-fp-am-Wv. {]-tbm-Kn-¡m-dp-ïv. Cu F-¶pw {]-]-©-¯n-\\v Io- ¯p-Å- Nn-e- sd-kn-]‑v-S-dp- kw-hn-[m-\\-¯nÂ- ssh-d-kv gn-ep-Å- F-´pw t\\-Sm-\\pw _m-[n-¨ _m-Iv-äo-cn-b-tIm- \\-in-¸n-¡m-\\‑pw sIÂ-¸p-Å I-sf- a-d-¨p- sh-¡p-I-tbm i-§Ä-kz-bw \\-in-¡p-¶p. a-\\p-jyÀ-¡n-S-bn am-{X- a-äp _m-Iv-äo-cn-b-tIm-i-§- a-Ã-Hm-tcm \\n-an-j-hpw- - Po- -A-sÃ-¦nÂ- A-h-bp-sS fn -ssh-d-kv _m-[ ]-S-cm- h³ \\n-e-\\‑nÀ-¯n, ap-t¶- \\n-cn-¡m-\\m-Wv- C-¯-c-sam- dm-\\m-bn-kq-£-av - Po-hn-IÄ P-\\n-X-I L-S-\\-bnÂ- am-äw- cp-amÀ-Kw- kzo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. \\-S-¯p-¶ ]-cn-{i-a-§-fpw- C-¯-c-¯n \\n-c-h-[n ]-cn- H-cp-X-c-¯n ]-d-ªm h-cp-¯p-I-tbm -sN-bp-¶p. {i-a-§-fm-Wv _m-Iv-äo-cn-b- t]‑m-cm-«-§-f-tÃ? IÄ- sN-dp-¯p- \\‑nÂ-¸n-\\m- sd-kn-]v-ä-dp-I-fp-sS -B-`m-h- ¯n _m-Iv-ä-dn-tbm-^-Pp- IÄ-¡v _m-Iv-äo-cn-b-bp-am- bn- Iq-Sn-t¨-c-t\\m A-h-sb B-{I-an-¡m-t\\m km- [n-¡n-Ã. _m-Iv-äo-cn-b-IÄ- kzo-I-cn-¡p-¶ a-säm-cp- X-{´-am-Wv- sd-kv-{Sn-£³ tam-Un-ss^-t¡-j³ kn- Ìw. RM kw-hn-[m-\\w H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 57

Anitta S (Mathematics ) H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 58

Arsha A S (Mathematics ) {]-Ir-Xn-¡pthïn-...\\]SajBp¶‑p-ct--¯m-g-s`Xhpyb-INwB-`qph-¯-\\X-aï-Iï-Sq\\--n-f¿¡-amns{‑p-Ê\\ys]wk-[-®-Ppnmea£n-.vp-bws-b\\-wmtmI-F-pe--osX-hw--\\\\a¼n-hpnIH-I¸c-r--Å-\\Da--ä]¶-yÃX-Hnmmb-n--®hI-mm-]S-¡-Äp-h-Ànqm-Pmb--cÄnp--¡mmk---¡-ttw-¯-nkAÂ-I-I-ano-pAÃ-n-cb-I---¶hX`-\\Yv-sf-p-f‑mp--.w¶--\\Aqm-I-Än-Pc¡--gcp-a.pc--psA-.Kw-jwnpppn£--!-aIm-ª-¶--p¯h---b{-\\anm.-K-e\\C--¡-Xyïmp\\s-]p\\-½-s-d--lp-§ïsW--uâ\\jn--cnmânq-\\-goc-S-b-¼pn-p-\\-e½-oc-ns`h-wywA-fnm-ª-X\\-mc\\Dn--qS.-p-P-¡m-p[p-a-s-Å{n{-]-a-s-nä]Xv-¡-]n--eeXB`-n-b-SS-IB-pt-vb\\yqI-P¶---§m-\\a-{`pmknk-f\\]-i--¶h-m{-X--lormnK-hh-ppw-X-ÂKmtpi.--w-pbz--v\\l-¶-mµ-pwmmZaP--\\Hnm-.-¸-Xyb---\\-k-hi-n\\-ck-ka-mm¯t\\-½-a- n-{e--pmtppt¡p-a´-{Ūs--tw-½i--jià]wcp\\§m--,ISsn-cIm\\--WïIr--¯ypbSys-£cwl{ssm-ÀpµnÄ-X-W-rJÅp--aBpS-S¯v.X---¯¡-Xwcn--aq-pÃtn---e{e`wtBnnn]mXh-veX--sªh-qvm¡b-bA-wba--cawb-I-cv¡-`-mpC{--pXm-h{p-]J-mpsk-]wïw-{-\\rw-W\\Xh-vK-am-XSm-vI--¯--I\\In-gX-kh-cbmn-hn-a{Sn-nr-]-vvh-bw-b-XrmX\\--Smy-nepmÃ---Xp-ah-w-b-¡\\N-Ic\\-n-cph-nIn-a--c--e-d.-wn-I\\k-yI-½nq-r\\np-nny--j¸-p¶-N-a\\--¡-d--bX\\a-IÂ-h--f-Sa-mvY-pb-«-\\qnW-snmnp-ap-WÀv--k-b-jI--.-ep¡pw-Abs-v-¶S¡--pb¯-- -mp-\\Xw-WvY-vp.v-Wm{--spv]n-W-.--mÂS- ³--v. - v - H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 59

\\cIambn XoÀ¶ JeenaMV (Natural Science ) kzÀKw A-¶v B G-¡À I-W-¡n- G-I-tZ-iw 20 hÀ-jw Xp-SÀ-¨-bm-bn Cu ]-©m-b-¯p-I- fn BI- mi- a- mÀ¤- w IoS- \\- mi- n\\- n {]t- bmK- w \\S- ¯- nb- n«- pï- v \\p‑ Å- Ii- ph- ï- n tXm«- ¯- nÂ; {]-tZ-i-hm-kn-I-sf ]-e-hn-[-¯n-ep-Å A-kp-J-§Ä,a-c-W- I-ip-h-ïn F-¶m Im-kÀ- tKm-Uv `m-j-bnÂ' ]-d-¦ym- §Ä Xp-S-§n-b Zp-cn-X-§Ä Io-g-S-¡m³ Xp-S-§n. §-bv-¡', F-t´m a-cp-¶v {]t- al- w, Db- À¶- cà- k- ½- À±- w,]£- mL- mX- w, Xe- t- ¨md- ns- â A-Sn-¨-t¸mÄ I-cn-ªp-W- {]h- À¯- \\- s- ¯ _m[- n¡- p¶- Ak- pJ- §- Ä apX- e- mb- h- b- pw. §n-b-Xv,kz-]v-\\-§Ä C-Ãm- Xmb- X- v Ah- n-sSb- p-Å Hm-tcm a\\- pj- ya- \\- Ê- pI- f- ne- pw BW- v. I-ip-h-ïn-bp-sS em-`-¯n-\\m- bn H-cp-]‑m-Sv kz-]‑v-\\-§-sf sIm-s¶m-Sp-¡n-b, Po-hn-Xw X-IÀ-¯ H-cp am-c-I hn-j h-kv-Xp-hm-Wv F³-tUm-kÂ- ^m³.\\n-d-an-Ãm-¯ J-c h-kv- Xp.IoS- \\- mi- n\\- nb- n D]- t- bm- Kn¡- p¶- HmÀK- mt- \\m t¢md- n³ kwb- pà- a- mW- v F³t- Umk- Ä- ^m³. H-cp am-c-I hn-j-h-kv- Xp F-¶ \\n-e-bn a-\\p-jy- c-S-¡-ap-Å Po-h-Pm-e-§-fn P\\- nX- I- sshI- e- yh- pw tlmÀ- tam¬ XI- -cmd- pI- f- pw DÄ-s¸- sS-bp-Å tZm-j-^-e-§Ä kr-ãn-¡p-¶-Xm-bn I-sï- ¯n-bn-«p-ïv. B-b-Xn-\\m ImÀj- nI- c- wK- ¯- n CX- ns- â H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 60

D-]-tbm-Kw h³ hn-hm-Z-§Ä ]-©m-b-¯p-IÄ. G-I-tZ-iw Xs- ¯ hne- b- nc- p¯- s- ¸S- p¶- p. D-bÀ-¯n-bn-«p-ïv. D-]-tbm-Kn- 20 hÀ-jw Xp-SÀ-¨-bm-bn Cu kv{- XoI- Ä ]e- am\\- k- nI- sh- ¡p-¶n-S-¯v am-{X-a-à hm-bp- ]-©m-b-¯p-I-fn B-Im-i- Ãp-hn-fn-IÄ t\\-cn-Sp-¶p Cu hne- qs- S hf- s- c AI- s- eb- pÅ- amÀ¤- w IoS- \\- mi- n\\- n {]t- bmK- w {]-tZ-i-s¯ `q-cn-`m-Kw Ip-Spw- Øe- §- f- ne- pw CX- v ]S- c- p¶- p. \\S- ¯- nb- n«- pï- v {]t- Zi- h- mk- n- _-§-fpw kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS h-cp- Im-än-eq-sS-bpw P-e-¯n-eq-sS- Is- f ]e- h- n[- ¯- ne- pÅ- Ak- p- am\\- s- ¯ B{- ib- n¨- mW- v Ig- n- bpw ]-I-cp-¶-Xn-\\m a-\\p- J§- Ä,ac- W- §- Ä XpS- §- nb- bp¶- X- .v km¼- ¯- nI- Zmc- n{- Zyw jy-\\pw a-äp Po-h-Pm-e-§Ä- Zp-cn-X-§Ä Io-g-S-¡m³ Xp-S- Imc- W- w _m[- yX- t- bd- pt- ¼mÄ ¡pw C-Xv lm-\\n-I-c-am-Wv. §n. {]-ta-lw, D-bÀ-¶ c-à- IpS- pw_- \\- mY- ·- mÀ Dt- ]£- n¨- v Xn-I-¨pw A-im-kv-{Xo-b-hpw k-½À-±w, ]-£m-LmX- w, X-e- t]m-hp-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶p.F³- \\nÀ-t±-in-¡-s¸-« A-f-hn t¨m-dn-sâ {]-hÀ-¯-\\-s¯ tUmk- Ä^- m³ _m[- nX- {]t- Z- I-hn-ª D-]-tbm-K-hpw Im-c- _m-[n-¡p-¶ A-kp-J-§Ä ia- mb- X- n\\- m‑  ]pd- ¯- p\\- n¶- p- Ww ]c- nØ- nX- n¡- v sam¯- ¯- n- ap-X-em-b-h-bpw. Å-hÀ Cu {]-tZ-i-§-fn epw am-\\-h-cm-in-bv-¡v {]-tXy- \\n¶- pÅ- h- c- pa- mb- n hnh- ml- _- - In-¨pw [m-cm-fw Zp-cn-X-§Ä tI-c-f kw-Øm-\\ B-tcm-Ky- Ô¯- n t]me- pw GÀs- ¸S- m³ kw-`-hn-¨p-sIm-ïn-cn-¡p-¶p. Ip-Spw-_ t£-a h-Ip-¸v hy- a-Sn-¡p-¶p. h-Ôy-X-bpw Cu Xyk- Xv- §- f- mb- Xc- ¯- ne- pÅ- {]-i\\-v -¯n-sâ B-gw Iq-«p-¶p 2011 G-{]n 29\\v tÌm-Iv A-kp-J-§Ä _m-[n-¨ 6278 \\n-e-hn kÀ-¡mÀ tk-h-\\- tlmw I¬-sh³-j-sâ `m-K- hy-àn-I-sf F³-tUm-kÄ- §-fpw a-äp k-lm-b-§-fpw am-bn kzn-ä-kv À em³-Un-se ^m³ Zpc- nX- _- m[- nX- À F¶- pw sN¿- pI- b- pw sXmg- ne- [- nj- Tv nX- P-\\o-h-bn \\-S-¶ k-t½-f- B ka- b- w {]k- Xv- pX- {]t- Zi- - tImg- k- v- pI- f- pw sXmg- ne- h- k- c- - \\¯- n F³t- Umk- Ä^- m³ §-fn D-ïm-b a-c-W-§-sf §f- pw \\ÂI- nh- c- p¶- p. temI- - temI- h- ym-]-I-amb- n \\n-tcm-[n- F³t- Umk- Â^- m³ hnj- _- m- ¯ns- e Hc- p \\c- I- w Ds- ï¦- n ¡m³ C-´y-bpw a-äp cm-Py- [n-XÀ F-¶pw X-cw-Xn-cn-¨p. A-Xv C-Xm-Wv F-¶v ]-e-cpw §-fpw D-¶-bn-¨ B-h-iyw C-¯-c-¯n Cu P-\\-§- kq-Nn-¸n-¡m-dp-ïv. F³-tUm- D-]‑m-[n-I-tfm-sS Xo-cp-am-\\-am- sf k-lm-bn-¡m³ H-cp-]m-Sv kÂ^- m³ _m[- nX- {]t- Zi- §- - bn. 2011 sa-bv 13 ap-X cm- ]-²-Xn-IÄ kÀ-¡mÀ cq-]-I- fns- e Hmt- cm hoS- pI- f- ns- eb- pw Py-¯v F³-tUm-kÄ-^m³ ev-]-\\ sN-bv-Xp. am-k s]³- A-h-Ø h-f-sc ]-cn-Xm-]-I-c- DÂ-]m-Z-\\-hpw hnÂ-¸-\\-bpw j³,ku-P-\\y-td-j³,ku-P- am-Wv. F-´n-\\p-th-ïn BÀ- kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn \\n-tcm-[-\\w \\y Nn-In-Õ, `-h-\\w Xp-S-§n ¡p-th-ïn Po-hn-¡-W-sa-¶v {]-Jym-]‑n-¨n-cp-¶p F-¦n-epw H-t«-sd ku-I-cy-§Ä e-`y- Ad- nb- ms- X ac- n¡- m³ t]me- pw 2011 sk]- vä- w_- À 30\\v ]qÀW- am-¡p-I-bp-ïm-bn. \\n-c-h-[n Ig- nb- ms- X ac- n¨- p Poh- n¡- p¶- \\n-tcm-[-\\w GÀ-s¸-Sp-¯n. ]-²-Xn-IÄ kÀ-¡mÀ sN-bv- A-t\\-Iw a-\\p-jyÀ.. Cu Im- Cu A-]-I-S-I-c-am-b Io-S-\\m- Xph- c- p¶- p. F¦- ne- pw Ah- c- ps- S gv-N-IÄ I-ïm H-cn-¡-epw in-\\n {]-tbm-Kw aq-ew kz-]‑v- Zp-cn-X-¯n-\\v A-Xv ]-cn-lm-c- H-cm-fpw F³-tUm-kÂ-^m³ \\-§Ä-¡v, X-§-fp-sS Po-hn- amI- p¶- nÃ- hc- p¶- Xe- a- pd- s- b F-¶-à H-cp Io-S-\\m-in-\\n-bpw X-¯n-\\v, Nn-d-Ip-ap-f-¡m-sX.. A-Xn-sâ {]-Xym-Lm-X-§Ä A-\\p-Iq-en-¡n-Ã. tI-c-f kw- tem-Iw Im-Wm³ B-Im-sX F-{X-t¯m-fw _m-[n-¡p-¶p Øm-\\ a-en-\\o-I-c-W t_mÀ- Po-hn-Xw Zp-cn-X-]qÀ-®-am-b F-¶v A-dn-bp-¶-hÀ h-f-sc Uv tI-c-f-¯n F³-tUm- H-cp k-aq-l-ap-ïv. tI-c-f- hn-c-f-am-Wv.t`m-¸m Zp-c-´- kÄ^- m³ 2010- \\h- w_- À 10\\v ¯n-se Im-kÀ-tKm-Uv Pn-Ã- ¯n-\\v km-ay-X ]p-eÀ-¯p-¶ \\n-tcm-[n-¡p-I-bp-ïm-bn. bn-se F³-a-I-sP,s_-ÃqÀ, H-¶m-bn tI-c-f-¯n F³- Ip-¼-U-P, ]p-ÃqÀ s]-cn-b tUm-kÄ-^m-sâ {]-Xym-Lm- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 61

Mubina Salim ImÀ-taLw(Sanskrit ) a\\w t]mse am\\hpw Ccpfp¶phoïpw..s]bvsXmgnsbmgnbp¶nà Hcp XpÅnt¸mepw L\\tasdbmWpXm\\pw BÀ¯e¨ps]¿Ww eLphmbv hoïpw hm\\nte¡pWÀ¶pbcm³ Cu N{IanXpt]m XpScphm³. Aparna J. M (Mathematics ) I¿q¡pÅhÀ Imcy¡mÀ \\msaÃmhcpw C¶v Dïv. F¶m \\mw Bcpw Jcn¡p¶X‑n\\p thïnbpw AhcpsS t]‑mc‑m«s¯ t]mcmSp¶p. ]‑eXc¯n t]‑mcmSn- ImWmsX t]mIp¶p. kn- wl¯n\\p ap¶nÂAIs¸Sp¶ C§s\\ {]IrXnbnse sImïncn¡pIbmW.v \\½psS am\\‑pw Xsâ Poh\\p thïn Hmtcm PohPm‑ e§Ä¡pw ]d‑ t]‑mcmSp¶p. Ddp¼pIÄ b‑m\\‑pïmIpw Hmtcm t]‑mc‑m FÃmhcpsSbpw PohnXw Hmtcm Ac‑naWnIÄ ti- «¯nsâbpw IY. Hcp Xc¯n t]m‑ cm«amWv. t]‑mc‑m«w a\\‑pjyÀ¡nSb‑n am{Xaà arK§fpsS CSbn‑ epw H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 62

Sabitha (Mathematics ) H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 63

Sheetal S. Nair (Natural Science ) बँदू बदँू बोलती ह,ै रोती है जब मंै अकेली हँू चूस लते ी है मझु े धूप छोड न देती धरती और हवा बँूद बोलती ह,ै रोती है जब मैं अकले ी हँू उड़ती हँू म,ंे फुँकने पर भी तचु छ् ओस भी कहता है मुझे जिंदगी के कदम -कदम में अरिततव् के इस लडा़ ई मंे बढ़ते बढ़ते नाले - नदियों से बन जाता सागर नाम से बदूँ H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 64

Siji A George (Natural Science ) प्यास पानी के बदँू ों का आवाज़ सुना, भगवान क्या करँु हम? कही आसपास से है वो आवाज़, कय् ों हमारे साथ यही खले ? मने े सुना, आवाज़ सुना बचाओ हमें इस मुसीबत से, वो पानी का ही आवाज़ है। दिखाओ आपका शकत् ि । मझु े चाहिए पानी, उड गई अचानक वो नदी, मुझे चाहिए आजा़ दी, जो़ र से बोली वो नदी, इस प्यास से “तुमने मारी थी मुझे; मुझे चाहिए आजा़ दी। अब तुम भगवान से पछू रही हो? आवो, आवो, जलद् ी आवो मझु े मारकर कितना बड़ा पापं तुमने किया, पानी के बदँू ों का आवाज़ है वो, अब तुमको समझ आया मरे ी शक्ति। जल्दी चलो, जलद् ी चलो जावो, यहाँ से जावो, आवाज़ है वो पानी का। मंै तुम्हारा प्यास कभी नहीं मिटा सकती। दखे लो वहाँ है पानी, हमने हमारे ही मौत तई किया था, पानी मिलीं, पानी मिलीं नदी को बचाने था, हम हार गए। जल्दी आवो जी, जलद् ी आवो हमारी पय् ास को मिटाने कले िए पानी पीने जल्दी आवो। अब न कोई रासत् ा। ये कोई नदी के किनारे ह;ै हमारे मौत हमने ही तई किया, नदी से पानी लेना है हम।ंे अब प्यास के कारण मौत का दूर, जल्दी आवो जी, जलद् ी आवो हमसे दूर नही,ं जो़ र लगा के चलो। हमसे दरू नही।ं ये कय् ा निकला? कहाँ है पानी? यहाँ पे सिरफ् कचडा़ ह,ै इसमे से पानी कैसे निकाले हम। H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 65

tImtfPv bqWnb³ 2021þ2023 sI bp kn Sn C Ipamc]pcw {]hÀ¯\\ dnt¸mÀ«v 2021 Unkw_À 15\\v \\S¶ tImtfPv bqWnb³ sXcsªSp¸n slt\\mknkv bqWnb³ kmcYnIÄ sXcsªSp¡s¸«p. Unkw_À 16\\v tImtfPv HmUntämdnb¯n h¨v kXy{] XnÚ sNbvXv A[nImctaäp. sNbÀam³ : iymw inh³ sshkv sNbÀt]gvk¬ : Kucn \\µ\\. F³ P\\d sk{I«dn : A`ncman. Fkv tPmbnâ v sk{I«dn : BÀj hn BÀ BÀSvkv ¢_v sk{I«dn : am[hn taml³ kvt]mÀSvkv ¢_v sk{I«dn : cay. Fw. sI enäddn ¢_v sk{I«dn - : Abnj Ckvab‑n amKkn³ FUnäÀ : kzmXn hnPb³. ]n bp bp kn : cmlp Fkv. BÀ ¢mkv d¸pIÄ : A\\manI Fkv.F : taL kptcjv A³j.hn sI {ipXn Fkv em X· sdPn H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 66

skan\\mÀ Zamb‑pw kcfambpw AhXcn¸n¨p. Cu ¢mkv Hcn¡epw XoccptX F¶ hnjb¯n {io F³. Fkv. kptajv IrjvW³ 03þ12þ2021 tImtfPv bqWnb³ Ce£³  Hcp skan\\mÀ \\S¯n. tIhew hnjbw ] 2021þ2023 _m¨nte¡pÅ tImtf- Tn¸n¡‑pI F¶Xnep]cn Hmtcm A[ym]Icpw Ip- Pv bqWnb³ Ce£³ 15þ12þ2021 «nIfpsS a\\Êns\\ a\\Ênem¡n Ahcn kzm[o\\w tImtfPv HmUntämdnb¯n h¨v sNept¯ïXv F§s\\bmsW¶v hfsc efnXamb \\S¶p. sNbÀam³, sshkv sN- coXnbn \\À½w IeÀ¯n At±lw AhXcn¸n¨p. bÀt]g-kv ¬, P\\d sk{I«dn, Smeâ v tU tPmbn³ sk{I«dn, BÀS-kv v 2021þ2023 _m¨nse H¶mw hÀj hnZymÀ°nIf‑psS ¢_v sk{I«dn, k-tv ]‑mÀS-kv v ¢_v Iem]camb IgnhpIÄ {]ISn¸n¡m\\pÅ sk{I«dn, amKkn³ FUnäÀ, thZnbmbncp¶p Smeâ v tU. 06þ12þ2021 XobXn enäddn ¢_v sk{I«dn F¶o aebmfw,kwk-Iv rXw,amI-kv v, ^nkn¡Â, kb³kv, Øm\\§fn‑ te¡v Øm\\m‑ À°nIsf \\m¨pd kb³kv F¶o hn`mK§fnse A[ym] sXcsªSp¯p. bqWnb³ I hnZymÀ°nIÄ H¶ns\\m¶p sa¨ambn hyXykvX AwK§fpsS kXy{]XnÚ sN- ]cn]mSnIÄ tImtfPv HmUntämdnb¯n bÀam\\mbn sXcsªSp¡s¸« AhXcn¸n¨p. iymw inh³, {]n³kn¸ÂtUm. _n\\n kn.FÂ. kXyhmNIw skan\\mÀ sNmÃns¡mSp¯p. XpSÀ¶v FÃm \"\"_obnwKv F hn¶À''F¶ hnjb¯n {io. bqWnb³ AwK§Ä¡pw aäp s_³knIv and‑mï skan\\mÀ \\S¯pIb‑pïmbn. ¢mkv {]Xn\\‑n[nIÄ¡pw sN- HcmfpsS PohnX¯n hnPbw ssI- bÀam³ kXyhmNIw sNmÃns¡m- hcn¡p¶X‑n\\‑pÅ ISaIsf Ipd‑n¨v 07þ12þ2021\\v Sp¯psImïv 16þ12þ2021 \\v tImtf- kwthZ\\mßI ¢mkv \\ÂIn. IgnhpIsfbpw Ip- Pv bqWnb³ Øm\\taäp. dhpIsfb‑pw kzbw a\\Ênem¡pI, \\‑nt‑j[mßI Nn´IÄ sXämb [mcWIÄ,Ahnizmkw F¶n- kvacWnI 2021 hsb adnIS¡pI, aSnamän e£y¯nse¯pI s{]m^kÀ kn. sI. enÃn So¨À F¶nhbmb‑ncp¶p At±l¯nsâ ¢mknse {] A\\‑pk‑vacWtbmKw 18þ12þ2021 \\v [m\\ NÀ¨mhnjbw. tImtfPv A¦W¯n \\S¶p. Cu thfb‑n _‑nFUv ]co£If‑n {^tjgvkv tU tIcf kÀhIemime tImt- 2020þ22 _m¨nse cïmw hÀj hnZymÀ°nIÄ fP‑pIfnse H¶mw Øm\\w, sI 2021þ23 _m¨nse H¶mwhÀj hnZymÀYnIÄ¡v bp kn Sn Ifnse H¶mw Øm\\w, 08þ12þ2021\\v hn]peamb hcth¸v \\ÂIn sN- Ipamc]pcw sI bp kn Snbnse bÀam³ {]Whv DÄs¸sSbpÅ tImtfPv bqWnb³ H¶mw Øm\\w F¶nh t\\Sn- AwK§sf ]cnNbs¸Sp¯n. bhÀ¡mb‑pÅ s{]m^kÀ kn sI enÃn sat½mdnb ]‑pck-Iv mc skan\\mÀ kaÀ¸Ww \\S¶p.1999 _mÀ«³ \"lnÌdn Hm^v FPpt¡j³ ' F¶ hnjb¯n ln _n FUv hnZymÀ°nIf‑pw tUm. AeI-kv mïÀ tP¡_v (dn«. UnPn]n) A[ym]Icpw tImtfPnte¡v 10þ12þ2021\\v ¢mkv FSp¯p. 5000 hÀjw ap³]‑pÅ kw`mh\\IÄ \\ÂIpIbpw sN- CuPn]vjy³ kwk-Iv mcw sXm«v \\nehnepÅ hn- bvXp. Zym`ymk k{¼Zmb¯nsâ Ncn{Xw hfsc hni- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 67

bqWnb³ DZvLmS\\w bXv. apJymXnYnbmbn F¯nb dn«tbÀUv 22þ12þ2021 \\v IrXyw 10 aWn¡v tImtf- Ak‑nÌâ v s{]m^kÀ {io Ipªp Ir- Pv bqWnb³ DZvLmS\\hpw sadnäv tU jvW³ C. BWv X®oÀ¯S¯nsâ DZ‑vLmS\\hpw tImtfPv HmUntämdnb¯n {]‑m[m\\ys¯ Ipdn¨v skan\\mÀ \\S¯n- h¨v \\S¶p. tImtfPv bqWnb³ DZvLmS\\w bXv. CXn\\ptijw \\m¨pd kb³kv sNbvXXv apJymXnYnbmb kn³Unt¡äv hn`mKw kwLSn¸n¨ hoUntbm AhX- AwKw {io _n.]n. apcfnbpw BÀSk-v v ¢_v cWhpw Dïmbncp¶p. &enäddn ¢_v DZvLmS\\w \\nÀhln¨Xv {]ikvX bphIemImc³ {io _me{] k-tv- ]m¡¬ Cw¥ojv ¢mkv kmZv Fkpw (hbe\\nÌv) kt-v ]mÀS-kv v Cw¥ojv `mj ssIImcyw sN¿p¶Xn ¢_v DZ‑vLmS\\w \\nÀhln¨Xv \\mjW {]mhoWyw e`n¡p¶Xn\\mbn _n. FUv hn- sKb‑nwkv sh¦esaU tPXmhmb {io- ZymÀ°nIÄ¡v s{Sbn\\nMv \\ÂIp¶Xnsâ aXn.\\nhy KuXw F.FkpamWv. `mKambn 11þ02þ2022 XobXn kt-v ]m¡¬ Cw¥ojv ¢mÊv \\S¯n. Fkv.kn.C.BÀ. t{^mÌn s^Ìv 2021 Sn KthjI Soan DÄs¸« {io. tPmk^v 23þ12þ2021 \\v tImtfPv HmUntämdnb¯n hÀKokv kmdmWv ¢mÊv FSp¯Xv. h¨v {Inkvakv Zn\\mtLmj ]cn]mSnIÄ \\S¶p. {]kvXpX ]cn]mSnbn tUm. F amXr`mjm Zn\\w _n]n³ em (AknÌâ v s{]m^kÀ, Bibhn\\nab¯n\\¸pdw kaql¯nsâ tIcf bpssWäUv XntbmfPn¡Â X\\nabpw kzXzt_m[hpw {]Xn^en¡p¶ skan\\mcn, I®½qe) {Inkvakv ktµiw kwk-Iv- mcamWv `mj.tImtfPnse aebm- \\ÂIn. fhn`mKw ta[mhn _o\\. H. So¨dnsâb‑pw I\\ Atkmkntbjsâb‑pw t\\ dn¸»nIv Zn\\mtLmjw XrX‑z¯n amXr`mjmhmcmtLmjw tImhnUv kmlNcy¯n Cu A[ym- 2022 s^{_phcn 21 apX 28 hsc \\ b\\¯nse dn¸»nIv Zn\\mtLmj ] S¯pIb‑pïmbn. cn]‑mSnIÄ Hm¬sse\\mbmWv \\S¯n- bXv. Hmtcm Hm]vjW hnZymÀ°nIf‑pw kb³kv ho¡v skent{_j³ kwLSn¸n¨ cïv an\\näv hoUntbm 28þ02þ2022þ\\v tImtfPn ^nkn¡Â AhXcWh‑pw kwk-Iv rX hn`mKw sd¸v kb³kv A[ym]I hnZymÀ°nIÄ X·m sdPn AhXcn¸n¨ dn¸»nIv Zn\\ kb³kv ho¡v skent{_j\\v XpS¡w {]_Ôhpw A\\p_Ô ]cn]mSnIÄ Ipdn¨p. cmhnse 10. 30 HmSpIqSn tImfPv Bbncp¶p. tImtfPv A¦W¯nÂaäp HmUntämdnb¯n Bbncp¶p DZvLmS\\w. Ìm^pIfpsS km¶n[y¯n P\\d AXnt\\msSm¸w ^nkn¡Â kb³kv At- hn`mKw Ak‑nÌâ v s{]m^kÀ. {io- kmkntbjsâ DZvLmS\\NS§pw \\S¶p. aXn.h\\P Fw. tZiob ]XmIbpbÀ¯n. temI X®oÀ¯S Zn\\mtLmjw kmaqlym[nãnX {]hÀ¯\\w \\m¨pd kb³kv Atkmkntbj³ _n. FUv ]mTy]²XnbpsS `mKambn Hdoenb kwLSn¸n¨ Hm¬sse³ ] kmaqlym[nãnXambn Hcp {]hÀ¯\\w cn]mSnbmbncp¶p temI X®oÀ¯S \\St¯ïnbncp¶p. G{]n \\memw Xn- Zn\\‑mtLmjw. temI X®oÀ¯S Zn\\ bXn, DÅqcn ØnXn sN¿p¶C. sI. amb s^{_phcn cïn\\mWv CXv \\S¯n- \\mb\\‑mÀ Nmcnä_nÄ {SÌnsâ `mKamb H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 68

tkh\\tI{µamWv R§Ä Cu {] tImtfPnse ^nkn¡Â FUyqt¡j³ hÀ¯\\¯n\\‑mbn XncsªSp¯Xv. s{]m^kÀ XpjmcIe So¨À Bbncp¶p hninã AXnYn. I¸mknän _nÂUnwKv t{]m{Kmw. _n. FUv ]mTy]²XnbpsS `mKambn temI elcn hncp² Zn\\mtLmjw 2022 G{]n 22 \\v tImtfPv HmUntämdnb¯n Pq¬ 26 temI elcn hncp² Zn\\w. tijo hnIk\\ ]cn]mSn kwLSn¸n¨p. hyXykvX cq]§fnepw `mh§fnepw Bt- hnZymÀ°nIfpsS {]IS\\anIhpsImïv Kmf kaql¯n elcn krãn¡p¶ k¼¶amb Cu ]cn]mSn Iemeb PohnX- A]IS§sf tcJs¸Sp¯p¶ Zn\\w. ¯nsâ at\\mlcamb HtcmÀa k½m\\n¨p. tIcfkÀhIemime A[ym]\\ ]T\\ Iemebw Ipamc]pcw tImtfPn 2022 ]cnØnXn Zn\\mtLmjw Pq¬ 26 XobXn temI elcn hncp² ]cnØnXn {]i-\\v §sf Ipdn¨pÅ Zn\\‑mtLmjw kwLSn¸n¨p. Aht_m[w hcp¯m\\pw CXn\\‑mbn IÀ½]cn]mSnIÄ Bkq{XWw amÀ¨v]mÌv {]mÎokv skj³ sN¿m\\‑pambn 1972 Pq¬ 5 apXemWv kt-v ]mÀSk-v v aoän\\v apt¶mSnbmbn 18þ07þ2022 sFIycm{ãkwLS\\ temI ]cnØnXn XnbXn A[ym]I hnZymÀ°nIÄ¡v Zn\\mNmcW¯n\\v XpS¡w Ipdn¨Xv. amÀ¨v ]mÌ ]cnioe\\w \\ÂIp¶Xn\\mbn \\‑m¨pd kb³kv Atkmkntbj³ t]meokv Hm^okÀ {io. bXn cmtIjv 'HdoenbbpsS' t\\XrXz¯n 06/06/2022 kmÀ tImtfPn F¯pIb‑pw ^nkn¡Â þ\\v tImtfPn ]cnØnXnZn\\w BNcn¨p. FUyqt¡j³ AknÌâ v s{]m^kdmb {io. {]im´³ kmdnsâ taÂt\\m«¯n kwKoXZn\\mtLmjhpw BÀSvkv aq¶v aWn¡qtdmfw \\oï ]cnioe\\w ÌpUntbm DZvLmS\\hpw e`n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. tImtfPv BÀSk-v v ¢_v X«I¯nsâ t\\ XrXz¯n temI kwKoX Zn\\mNcWh‑pw ss]Zn\\mtLmjw tImtfPv BÀS-kv v ÌpUntbm DZvLmS\\ am¯am kwLSn¸n¨ ss] tU bpsS hpw 20þ06þ2022\\v kwLSn¸n¨p. tImt- `mKambn 22þ7þ2022 \\v \\S¯nb ] fPv {]‑n³kn¸Â tUm. _n\\n kn F cn]‑mSn¡v taÂt\\m«w hln¨Xv So¨d‑mWv DZvLmS\\w \\nÀhln¨Xv. am¯amänIv AknÌâ v s{]m^kÀ {io- A[ym]I hnZymÀ°nIÄ Hcp¡nb NpaÀ aXn. joP So¨À Bbncp¶p. IW¡n Nn{X§fpw IcIuie hkvXp¡fpw BÀSv ss] F¶ Bib¯nsâ {]m[m\\yhpw ÌpUntbmbn {]ZÀin¸n¨ncp¶p. AXnsâ Ncn{Xhpw aqeyhpw FÃmw hniZ‑oIc‑n¡pIbpw AXnt\\mSv A\\p_ Ôambn Iznkv, HmÀaiàn ]co£Ww \\mjW B³Uv F¶o aÕc§Ä kwLSn¸n¡pIbpw sN- CâÀ\\mjW tbmK tU bvXp \"a\\pjyXz¯n\\mbn tbmK 'F¶ tb‑mKZn\\ktµiw ]¦ph¨psImïv 2022 Cþ dntkmgvkv hÀ¡vtjm¸-v- Pq¬ 21þ\\v tImtfPnse ^nkn¡Â A[ym]I hnZymÀ°nIÄ¡v {] FUy‑qt¡j³ ta[mhn {]im´³ kÀ tbmP\\{]Zamb Cþ dntkmgvkv F¶hn- þsâ t\\XrXz¯n tbmKm Zn\\mtLm- jb¯n 10þ08þ2022 \\v hÀ¡-tv jm¸v jw \\S¯n.sI.F³. Fw. Fkv _n. FUv kwLSn¸n¡s¸«p. A[ym]I ]T\\¯n H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 69

sSI-tv- \\mfPnsb F§s\\ kaÀ°ambn {Sm¡v 2022þ kvt]mÀSvkv aoäv hn\\‑ntbmKn¡mw F¶Xv hfsc hniZambn {Sm¡v2022 F¶ t]cv kwLSn¸n¨ tImt- {]im´v sh¬]I kÀ a\\Ênem¡n fPv k-tv- ]mÀS-kv- v aoäv tIcf bqWnthg-v- X¶p. A[ym]IÀ¡v D]tbmKn¡mhp¶ knän tÌUnb¯n h¨v 22þ08þ2022 \\v hnhn[ tkm^väv shbdpIÄ B¸pIÄ \\S¯s¸«p. apJymXnYnbmbn F¯nb F¶nh ]cnNbs¸Sp¯n¯¶p. tUm. Ipªn¡®³ kmÀ A[ym]‑I hnZymÀ°nIÄ \\S¯nb amÀ¨v ]‑mÌv {Kmt^mfPn t_m[hXvIcW ]cn]mSn hneb‑ncp¯n FadmÄUv, k^bÀ ssI¿£c¯neqsS hyànIfpsS kz`mh- F¶n§s\\ Ccp SoapIfpambn aÕc§Ä khntijXIÄ a\\Ênem¡m³ DXIp¶ \\S¯s¸«p. kt-v ]mÀSk-v v ¢_v sk{I«dn \\qX\\ imkv{X imJbmb {Kt^mfPnsb Ipamcn cay {]XnÚ sNmÃns¡mSp¯p. ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶ ]cn]mSnbmbncp¶p aÕc§fpsS hn[nIÀ¯mhmbn {io. bXn 12þ8þ2022 \\v tImtfPv HmUntämdnb¯n cmtIjv kmÀ F¯nbncp¶p. kwLSn¸n¨Xv. DZvLmS\\w \\nÀhln¨Xv {io APnXv IpamÀ sF]nFkv BWv. sI BÀSvkv tU DZvLmS\\w D®nIrjvW³ tat\\m³,_nµp tXm¸nÂ,Zn- 25þ8þ2022 \\v tImtfPv HmUntämdn- hym ]pÃm\\n¡m«nÂ,cRvPn¯v kÀ¡mÀ b¯n h¨v \\S¯s¸« BÀS-kv v tU F¶nhÀ {Kmt^mfPnbpsS ASnØm\\ DZvLmS\\¯n apJymXnYnbmbn F¯n- Bibs¯ {]Xn]mZn¨v ¢mkv FSp¯p. ] bXv {ioaXn ame ]mÀhXn(kn\\namXmcw) ecpsSbpw ssIb£cw t\\m¡n AhcpsS Bbncp¶p hfsc \\à {]`mjWt¯msS kz`mh¯n hcp¯mhp¶ \\à amä§sf AhÀ DZvLmS\\ IÀ½w \\nÀhln¨p. Ipdn¨v AhÀ ]dªp X¶p. AtXmsSm¸w BÀS-kv v tU temtKm Bb BkmZnbpsS {]Imi\\ IÀ½hpw \\S¶p. kwk-Iv- rX Zn\\mtLmjw A[ym]I hnZymÀ°nIsf k^bÀ tImtfPnse kwk-Iv rX hn`mKw A[ym] Fad‑mÄUv F¶o cïv {Kq¸pIfn I hnZymÀ°n Iq«mbva '[oaln' Atkm- Bb‑mWv aÕcw \\S¯nbXv. kntbjsâ t\\XrXz¯n 2022 BKÌv 12þ\\v kwkI-v rX Zn\\mtLmjw kwL- ]¸Sw, sXm«m s]m«pw!þ Sn¸n¨p. ]cn]mSnbpsS I¬ho\\À kwkv- HmWmtLmjw 2022 -IrXhn`mKw ta[mhn Ptb{µtZhv kÀ 1þ09þ2022 \\v ]¸Sw sXm«v s]m«pw F¶ Bbncp¶p. t]cn \\S¯nb HmWmtLmj¯n H¶mwhÀj cïmw hÀj hnZymÀYnIf‑pw kzmX{´y Zn\\mtLmjw þ2022 A[ym]Icpw A\\[ym]Icpw ]¦pt- kzmX{´y¯nsâ hnesbs´¶ NÀ¶p. HmWkZy, ]q¡fw, hSwhen, Dd‑nbSn,-HmW¸m«v F¶nhbpw Itk- HmÀas¸Sp¯epambn 2022 BKÌv 15 \\v cIf‑nbpw kwLSn¸n¨ncp¶p. tImtfPn kzmX{´yZn\\mtLmjw \\ S¯pIbpïmbn. saUn¡Â tImtfPv Hmtkm¬ Zn\\mNcWwþ2022 tÌj\\nse C³kvs]ÎÀ Hm^v t]meokv tIcf bqWnthg-kv- nän A[ym]\\ ] {io. lcnemÂ. ]n BWv DZvLmS\\w \\‑nÀhln¨Xv. T\\ Iemebw Ipamc]pcw tImtfPn sk]‑väw_À ]Xn\\mdmw XobXn Hmt- km¬ Zn\\mNcWw \\S¯n. ^nkn¡Â kb³kv A[ym]I hnZymÀ°n H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 70

Atk‑mkntbj³ Sow HÎssd³þsâ t\\ b¸v kwLSn¸n¨p. hnZymÀ°nIÄ Ah- XrXz¯nemWv Hmtkm¬ Zn\\mNcWw cpsS ]T\\Imebfhnse A\\p`h§Ä kwLSn¸n¨Xv.tImtfPv HmUntämdn- ]¦psh¡pIbpw A[ym]IÀ AhÀ¡v b¯n BZyambn Cuizc {]mÀ°\\bv¡v BiwkIÄ AÀ¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. tijw Hmtkm¬ F´msW¶pw AXnsâ {]‑m[m\\‑ys¯¡pdn¨pw ^nkn¡Â s{^tjÀkv tU kb³kv A[ym]I hnZymÀ°n tchXn 2022 þ2024 A[ymb\\ hÀjs¯ \\hm- ¢mkv FSp¯p. tijw tcjva IqSpX KXÀ¡mbn tImtfPv bqWnbsâ B`nap- hn]peambn ¢mkv FSp¡pIbpïmbn. Jy¯n s{^tjÀkv tU kwLSn¸n¨p. H¸w hnZymÀ°nIfpsS hnhn[ Iem] hÀ¡vtjm¸v Hm¬ kvs{Skv amt\\Pvsaâ v cn]‑mSnIfpw AhXcn¸n¡pIbpïmbn. 22þ09þ2022 \\v ]mTy {]hÀ¯\\§fpsS `mKambn \\S¯nb hÀ¡v tjm¸n ]T\\bm{X 2022 k½À±§sf F¯c¯n kaÀ°ambn _n. FUv ]mTy]²XnbpsS `mKambn ssIImcyw sN¿msa¶pw AsXmcp ] HtÎm_À28apXÂ\\hw_À01hsc]©Zn\\ cn[n hsc Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\\mbpÅ kz`m- ]T\\bm{X kwLSn¸n¡pIb‑pïmbn. hcoX‑nIsf¡pdn¨pw hnhn[Xcw {] sX·e, sImssS¡\\‑mÂ, adbqÀ, aq¶mÀ, hÀ¯\\§fneqsS {ioaXn Pn_n hÀKokv hmKa¬ F¶o {]tZi§Ä kµÀin¨p. So¨À a\\Ênem¡n X¶p. {]IrXncaWobamb At\\Iw a\\pjy- PohnX§sf ASp¯dnbm³ Cu bm{X hÀ¡vtjm¸v Hm¬ sse^v k-Iv- n aqew hnZymÀ°nIÄ¡v km[n¨p. aäp FUyqt¡j³ ImcW§Ä sImïv A©pZnhks¯ 27þ09þ2022  PohnX ss\\]pWnIÄ ]\\bm{Xbn ]s¦Sp¡m³ Ignbm¯ hn- F¶ hnjbs¯ Bkv]Zam¡n ZymÀ°nIÄ¡mbn \\hw_À F«mw XnbXn ]‑mTy]²X‑nbpsS `mKambn 'aZÀ IgIq«w amPn¡v ¹ms\\änte¡v GIZn\\ ] k-vInÂkv' F¶ hnjbs¯¸äninev] T\\bm{Xbpw kwLSn¸n¡pIbpïmbn. ime kwLSn¸n¨p. tUm. A\\p apIpµv Bhiy \\n]‑pWXIfmbBßmht_m[w, kvacWnI 2022 klm\\p`qXnF¶nhsb¡pdn¨v anI¨ s{]m^kÀ kn. sI. enÃn So¨À coX‑nbn ¢mkv \\ÂIn. A\\‑pk‑vacWtbmKw 18þ12þ2022 \\v tImtf- Pv A¦W¯n \\S¶p. Cu thfbn _n. Bân {UKv Iym¼bn³ FUv ]co£Ifn tIcfkÀhIemime 06þ10þ2022 \\v apJya{´n {io ]nWdmbn tImtfPpIfnse H¶mw Øm\\w, sI bp hnPb³ DZvLmS\\w sNbvX kwØm\\ kn Sn Ifnse H¶mw Øm\\w, Ipamc]‑pcw Xe elcn hncp² Iym¼bn\\nsâ sI bp kn Snbnse H¶mw Øm\\w `mKambn tImtfPn t_m[h¡cW ] F¶nh t\\SnbhÀ¡mbpÅ s{]m^kÀ cn]‑mSntbmsSm¸w {]_ÔcN\\m aÕch‑pw kn sI enÃn sat½mdnb ]pck-Iv mc kwhmZhpw kwLSn¸n¨p. kaÀ¸Wh‑pw- \\S¶p. D¨bv¡v tijw Km\\ tafbpw kwLSn¸n¡pIbpïmbn. bm{Xbb¸v 2022 HtÎm_À ]Xn\\memw XobXn 2019 - 21 IÃnS IÀ½w _m¨nse ]qÀÆhnZymÀ°nIÄ¡v tImt- {io. ISIw]Ån kptc{µ³ Fw. FÂ. fPv bqWnbsâ B`napJy¯n bm{Xb- F AhÀIfpsS 2022þ2023 hÀjs¯ H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 71

BkvX‑nhnIk\\ ^ïn \\n¶pw 1.08 tImSn Iym¼v kwLSn¸nIbpïmbn. {]kvXpX cq] hn\\ntbmKn¨v sI. bp. kn. än. C. Ip- Iym¼v D¶X hnZym`ymk hIp¸v a{´n amc]pc¯v \\nÀan¡p¶ ]‑pX‑nbt»m¡nsâ tUm. BÀ _nµp AhÀIÄ `{ZZo]w sIm- \\nÀamW DZvLmS\\w 20223 s^{_phcn fp¯n DZvLmS\\w sNbvXp. A[ym]Icmb 15 _p[\\mgvN cmhnse 09.30 \\v tImtfPv {ioaXn tlaeX Sn, eXman\\n Fkv. Fkv. A¦W¯n {io. ISIw]Ån kptc{µ³ F¶nhÀ I¬ho\\Àamcmbn Iym¼nsâ {] AhÀIÄ \\‑nÀhl‑n¨p. hÀ¯\\§Ä GtIm]n¸n¨p. hnt\\mZh‑pw hnÚm\\{]Zhpamb Iym¼nsâ Hmtcm ewtl 2023 skj\\pIfpw hnZymÀ°nIfn kmaql‑nI _n.F-Uv ]mTy]²XnbpsS `mKambn aqey§fpw]ckv]cm{ibX‑zioe§fpw tImtfPv A¦W¯n amÀ¨v 13 apX 17 hnIkn¸n¡phm³ klmbIambn. hsc ]©Zn\\ kaql k¼À¡ klhmk ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS 1) Chitra R Marthandam. Third in Rangoli (Kerala University Third in intercollegiate Photography competi- youth festival 2023) tion, BNV college Thiruvallom First in badminton doubles (intercol- legiate badminton tournament - sree- 3) Reshma Mohan narayana gurukripa, pothencode) Second in intercollegiate quiz competition sree first in intercollegiate theme mak- Narayana training college, Varkala ing competition ( KUCTE kunnam, maavelikkara) 4) Sruthi. S. Lal Second in intercollegiate theme writ- Second in Intercollegiate quiz competition by ing competition (KUCTE kollam) sree narayana guru kripa college Second in Inter collegiate photography compe- 2) Arun A G tition (wild life day) by mar theophilus college First in Intercollegiate Photography competition, St Thomas Training 5) Gauri Nandana college Mukkolakkal second in intercollegiate quize competition, Second In Clay Modeling, Nemic Sree Narayana training college nedunganda Fest, Nesamony Christian College Third in English recitation (intercollegiate rec- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 72

itation competition- Aalaap'-22,BNV 10) Akhila. S college ) Third in news reading ( Intercollegiate news reading competition - KUCTE Kollam ) 6) Fathima.N.S Second in Hindi recitation (intercol- 11) Aarsha. V. R legiate recitation competition_Aa- Third in malayalam recitation (intercollegiate laap_22,BNV college) recitation competition -'Aalaap'22 BNV clg) 7) Sheetal S Nair 12) Thanmareji Second in Intercollegiate Hindi Essay Third in intercollegiate essay writing competi- writing competition KUCTE Aryad tion hindi KUCTE Aryad Alappuzha Third in Mobile photography contest KUCTE karyavattom 13) Athrishna M M Third in Intercollegiate broucher making com- 8) Abhirami S petition Nedumangadu KUCTE Second in intercollegiate Haiku com- petition KUCTE KARYAVATTOM 14) Swathy Vijayan Third in Poster making competition Third in Intercollegiate Esaay writing compe- KUCTE KOLLAM tition Sreenarayana training college, Nedun- ganda. 9) Manju J Second in Inter collegiate letter writ- 15) Syam Sivan ing competition KUCTE, kayamku- Second In Clay Modeling, Nemic Fest, Nesa- lam, Third in Inter collegiate Slogan mony Christian College Marthandam. writing Competition First in Inter collegiate cartoon competition, KUCTE, Anchal H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 73

{]m-Xn-\\n[yw H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 74

Anamika S L (Malayalam ) Zn do lo-tdm-bn³ C-cp-]-¯n-sbm-¶mw \\q-äm- sN-¿p-¶p-ïv. \\n-e-\\‑nÂ-¸n-\\p §s- \\ H«- \\- h- [- n hnj- b- §- Ä th-ïn-bp-Å t]m-cm-«-§-sf a-e-bm-f N-e-¨n-{X-§Ä ssI- ïv t]m-cm-«-§-fp-sS \\q-äm-ïv H-¸n-sb-Sp-¯p {]-Xn-^-en-¸n- Im-cyw sN-¿p-¶p-sï-¦n-epw Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. B-Wpw s]-®pw ¡p-¶ am-[y-a-§-fn N-e-¨n- F-s¶ G-sd kzm-[o-\\n-¨-Xv hn-®pw a-®p-sa-Ãmw t]‑m- {Xs- ¯ Iï- ns- ö- p \\S- n¡- m- kv{- XoI- f- ps- S IY- I- Ä Xs- ¶- cm-Sn-s¡m-tï-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. \\mh- nÃ- . Zf- nX- c- ps- S cm{- ãob- w, bm-bn-cp-¶p. km-ln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-fpw Zr-iym- k{-v XoI- f- ps- S iÐ- w,‑ ]c- nØ- n- hnj- I-v mc- h- ps- ams- ¡ Cu t]m‑ - Xn-bp-sS {]-Xn-I-c-Ww, `n-¶- kv-{Xo-I-sf ap-Jy-[m-c-bn-se- cm«- ¯- n\\- v hoc- yw ]I- c- pI- b- pw ti-jn-bp-sS X-e-§Ä F-¶n- ¯n¡- m³ s]mc- pX- nb- , k{v- Xo- H-¸w \\n-¶v s]‑m-cp-Xp-I-bpw H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 75

I-fp-sS D-¶-a-\\-¯n-\\p N-c-Sp Rm-\\o N-e-¨n-{X-s¯ B-Zy ]n-s¶-bpw B-hÀ-¯n-¨p Im- he- n¨- \"hÀ¯- a- m\\- w', \"Db- s- c', Im-gv-N-bn hn-e-bn-cp-¯n- Wm-\\m-cw-`n-¨p.A-¯-c-sam-cp \"tS-¡v Hm-^v ' C-§-s\\ \\n-c- bp-Åp. F-¶m ap-XnÀ-¶- B-th-iw X-s¶-bm-Wv Cu h[- n Nn{- X§- Ä ae- b- m-f Ne- - h-scm-s¡ Cu ]-S-s¯ ]-än N-e-¨n-{X-s¯-¸-än F-gp-Xm³ ¨n-{X-cw-K-¯p ïm-bn-«p-ïv. F\\- n¡- v a\\- k- ne- mh- m¯- coX- n- F-s¶ t{]-cn-¸n-¨-Xpw... Cus- bmc- p t{iW- nb- ps- S XpS- - bns- ems- ¡ hne- b- nc- p¯- p¶- X- v ]p¯- ³ Xe- a- pd- Ne- - ¡I- me- ¯- p {]X- y£- s- ¸S- pI- - Iï- t- ¸mÄ Hc- mh- À¯- n IqS- n ¨n-{X-§-fp-sS Iq-«-¯n-te-¡v bpw H«- \\- h- [- n t]s- c t]ms- e ImW- ms- a¶- p tXm¶- n. cï- mw 2012 G-{]n 13 \\p kw-hn- F-s¶-bpw ]n-Sn-¨n-cp-¯n-b X-h-W Nn-{Xw I-sï-gp-t¶-ä- [m-b-I³ B-jn-Iv A-_p H-cp N-e-¨n-{X-am-bn-cp-¶p '22 t¸mÄ a-\\-Ên-se-t´m I-Sn- tNÀ-¯p-h-¨ F-cn-bp-¶ I-Y- ^os- ab- n tIm«- b- w'. As- ¶- ¨p Xq§- p¶- amX- nc- ns- bms- ¡ bm-bn-cp-¶p \"22 ^o-sa-bn \\n-¡v ]-Xn-aq-¶p h-b-Êp tXm-¶n. ]‑n-¶o-S-t§m-«v C-Xp- tIm-«-bw'. t]-cv kq-Nn-¸n- {]‑m-bw h-cpw. {]-W-b ss\\- t]‑m-ep-Å Nn-{X-§-fp-sS Xn-c- ¡p-¶ t]m-se X-s¶ C-cp- cm-iy-sa-¶ hmÀ-¸p am-Xr-Im ¨n-em-bn-cp-¶p. F-{X I-ïm- ]-¯n-c-ïp-Im-cn-bm-b sS-Êm hn-j-b-¯n-sâ Iq-«-¯n-te epw a-Xn h-cm-sX ]n-s¶-bpw F-{_-lm-am-Wv I-Y-bm-bn-cp- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 76

]ï- v sI«- pI- Y- I- f- n Iï- kÀh- w kl- b- mb- kv{- Xo- ssew-Kn-I-X A-l-´-bm-bn b-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p sS-Ê. A-hÄ Cu \\q-äm-ïn-sâ s]-®m- Ic- pX- nb- knd- ne- ns- \\ sImï- v bn am-dn-¡-gn-ªn-cp-¶p. ssew-Kn-I-X A-l-´-bm-bn Xs- ¶ \"\\ob- mW- v s]®- v 'F¶- v Ic- pX- nb- knd- ne- ns- \\ sImï- v Xs- ¶ \"\"\\ob- mW- v s]®- v '' ]-d-bn-¸n-¨ kw-hn-[m-b-I-sâ Xe- t- ¨md- ns- â td©- pw Dul- n- F-¶v ]-d-bn-¸n-¨ kw-hn-[m-b-I-sâ X-e-t¨m-dn-sâ ¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. td-©pw Du-ln-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. A-b-e-¯p \\m-«n sXmg- ne- n\\- ms- b¯- p¶- k{v- Xo- ¶p \"22 s^s- ab- n tIm«- b- w'. ]-d-¶p-bÀ-¶p F-Xn-cm-fn-bp- I-sfm-s¡ ssew-Kn-I Zm-cn-{Z- hnZ- ymk- ¼- ¶- b- pw \\g- kv- pa- mb- sS s\\-dp-I-´-e-bn sIm- ¯n-em-sW-¶pw, B-Wn-s\\- tIm-«-b-¯p-Im-cn sS-Ê-¡v ¯n-b sS-Ê-bm-Wv F-s¶ ¡-ïm a-Sn-¡p-¯-gn-¡p-sa A-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t¡-ïn h-¶ ]‑n-Sn-¨p-e-¨-Xv. s]-®n-sâ tZ- ¶ps- ams- ¡ Ic- pX- p¶- Ima- I- - Nqj- W- h- pw AX- n \\n¶- pÅ- l-¯p sXm-«pw, A-hÄ-¡p- ®p-I-fp-Å-hÀ-¡v \\Â-In-b D-bnÀ-s¯-gp-t¶Â-¸p-am-bn-cp- am-{X-am-bn a-\\p-kv-ar-Xn-IÄ Xm-¡o-Xp Iq-Sn-bm-bn Cu Nn- ¶p Nn-{X-¯n-sâ {]-ta-bw. I-ev-]n-¨p sh-¨ C-Ãm-s¯m- {Xw amd- p¶- p. \"s]s- ®mc- ps- ¼- sSÊ- s- b¶- IY- m]- m‑ {- X¯- n\\- p cp I-\\y-Im-Xz-s¯ Iq-«p-]‑n- «mÂ..' F-¶v ]m-Sn-¸-Xn-ª kv-{Io-\\n Po-h³ \\Â-In-bn- Sn-¨pw A-h-sf A-S-¡n aq- sNm-Ãp-I-sfm-s¡-bpw A-¸-Sn cn-¡p-¶-Xv N-e-¨n-{X Xm-cw e-¡n-Sm-sa-¶pw A-h-fp-sS kw-`h- n¡- p¶- Cus- bmc- p Im- do-a I-Ãn-¦Â B-Wv. kzm-X-{´y-s¯ X-¨p-S-¡m- e-¯v a-Zy-]m-\\-s¯-t¸m-se- Xp-S-¡-¯n \\m-b-I-\\m-bpw sa-¶pw I-cp-Xn-b H-cp k-aq- bpw ]p-I-h-en-sb-t¸m-se-bpw I-Ym-a-t[y {]-Xn-\\m-b-I-\\m- l-s¯-sbm ¶m-sI sS-Ê s]®- ns- \\ hne- s- ¡S- p¡- m\\- pw bpw amd- p¶- knd- ne- pw ( ^l- Z- v X-sâ a-t\\mss[-cyw sIm- hn-e-§n-Sm-\\p-am-bn sIm-ïv ^m-kn ) sS-Ê-bp-am-bp-Å ïv ImÀ-¡n-¨p Xp-¸p-¶p-ïv. \\-S-¡p-¶ ssew-Kn-I-X-bpw {]-W-b cw-K-§Ä B-Zy-`m-K- s]-®n-sâ hy-àn-Xz-¯n-\\p B-tcm-Ky-¯n-\\p lm-\\n-I-c- ¯pw t{]-£-I-sc H-¶m-sI hne- \\ÂI- ms- X BW- ¯- s- a- am-sW-¶v Cu Nn-{Xw HmÀ-an- ]‑n-Sn-¨p-e-¨v sIm-ïv \\m-b- ¶v I-cp-Xn kn-dn sIm-ïv ¸n-¡p-¶p. \"sk-I-vkv Cu-k-v I-s\\ {]-Xn-\\m-b-I-\\m-Ip-¶ \\-S-¶ B-dn-©v h-en-¸-ap-Å t\\m-«v F t{]m-an-kv 'F-¶v cwK- §- Ä XpS- À¶- pw Nn{- XoI- - A-h-b-h-s¯ X-s¶ ap-dn-s¨- ho-ïpw ho-ïpw Du-¶n-¸-d- cn¡- p¶- X- ne- qs- S Ne- ¨- n{- X¯- n- Sp-¯p sIm-ïv C-¯-c-¯n bm\\- pw Nn{- Xw {ia- n¡- p¶- pï- .v sâ K-Xn X-s¶ am-dn-t]‑m-Ip- ]e- b- nS- ¯- mb- n h©- n¡- s- ¸«- {]X- nI- c- W- kÖ- c- mb- k{-v Xo- ¶pï- .v Fs- ¶ kzm[- o\\- n¨- X- v ap-gp-h³ kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡pw Im- IÄ Zn-\\w {]-Xn hÀ-[n-¡p-¶- kn-dn-en-s\\m-¸w Po-hn-X-s¯ gv-N h-bv-¡m³ sS-Ê a-d-¶p Xn-\\‑m X-s¶-bpw kz-´w ap-t¶m-«v X-Ån-b sS-Ê-tbm, t]m-bn-Ã. ]-ïv sI-«p-I-Y-I- Bt- cmK- ys- ¯ kwc- £- n¡- m³ kn-dn-en-\\m N-Xn-¡p-gn-bn fn Iï- kÀh- w kl- b- mb- Iq-Sn Hm-tcm am-\\y-·m-sc-bpw AI- s- ¸«- sSÊ- t- bm AÃ- . \"ap- kv-{Xo-b-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p sS-Ê. Cu Nn-{Xw HmÀ-an-¸n-¨p sIm- t¶m-«v F-´v?' F-¶-dn-bm-sX A-hÄ Cu \\q-äm-ïn-sâ s]- tï-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. ]-I-¨p \\n-¶n-S-¯p \\n-¶pw ®m-bn am-dn-¡-gn-ªn-cp-¶p. H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 77

Gopika R (Malayalam ) aebmf kn\\nabnse kv{Xo kwhn[mbIÀ A`n-\\-b cw-K-¯v am-{X-a-Ã, a-e-bm-f- kn-\\‑na-bp-sS- N-cn- a-bn-se- kv-{Xo kw-hn-[m-b- c-N-\\m cw-K-¯pw-km-t¦-Xn- {Xw ]-cn-tim-[n-¨mÂ- kv-{Xo I-cp-sS -km-¶n-[yw A-dn-bn- I-cw-K-¯pw ]‑p-cp-j-t\\m-sSm- kw-hn-[m-b-I-cp-sS- I-S-¶p- ¡m³ k-lm-bn-¨p. A-`n-\\-b ¸w \\n-c-h-[n kv-{Xo-I-fpw-kn- h-c-hv- h-f-sc- ssh-In-bm- cw-K-¯p -\\n-¶v -X-s¶-bm-bn- \\n-a-bp-sS- N-cn-{X-¯nÂ- C-Sw Wv-kw-`-hn-¨-Xv- F-¶v a-\\- cp-¶p- B-Zy -Im-e-¯v- kw- t\\-Sn-bn-«p-ïv. kn-\\n-a- kw-hn- Ên-em-¡mw. hn-]-Wn-bn hn-[m-\\ cw-K-t¯-¡p-Å- kv- [m-b-I-sâ- I-e-bm-sW-¶m- h³- hn-P-bw I-c-Ø-am- {Xo-I-fp-sS- I-S-¶p-h-c-hv. Wv ]-e \\n-cq-]-I-cpw -A-`n- ¡n-b- A-Ú-en- ta-t\\‑m³ a-e-bm-f-¯n-se- B-Zy-Im-e- {]‑m-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. Nn-{X-§Ä a-e-bm-f- kn‑\\- n- kv-{Xo kw-hn-[m-b-I-cm-b- hn-P-b \\‑nÀ-½-e-bpw jo- e-bpw H-s¡ A-¯-c-¯n -em-Wv Cu ta-J-e-bn-te-¡v- I-S-¶p-h-¶-Xv. tc-h-Xn, Ko- Xp-tam-l³-Zm-kv Xp-S-§n- b-h-cpw- A-`n-\\-b- cw-K-¯v \\n-¶v- kw-hn-[m-\\ ta-J-e-bn- te-¡v- I-S-¶p- h-¶-h-cm-Wv. 1964 þ  ]p-d-¯n-d-§n-b \" `mÀ-¤-ho-\\n-e-bw ' F-¶ kn-\\n-a-bn-se- b-£n-bm-bm- Wv- hn-P-b-\\nÀ-½-e F-¶ A-`n-t\\-{Xn-bp-sS- a-e-bm- f-kn-\\n-am-cw-K-t¯-¡p-Å- Np-h-Sp- sh-bv-¸v. 1973 þ em- Wv-hn-P-b-\\nÀ-½-e-bp-sS kw-hn-[m-\\-¯n ' I-hn-X ' F-¶ a-e-bm-f- kn-\\n-a ]‑p-d- ¯n-d-§p-¶-Xv. kn-\\n-a-A-`n- \\-b cw-K-¯-v- k-Po-h-am-bn- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 78

cn-s¡-¯-s¶-bm-Wv jo-e c-f I-t^' (2009) bn-se [m-\\-¯n ]‑p-d-¯n-d-§n-b- - kw-hn-[m-\\ cw-K-t¯-¡v I-S- \"lm-¸n-tPÀ-Wn' F-¶ `m- kn-\\n-a-bm-Wv- A-Iw (2013). ¶p-h-cp-¶-Xv. Kw- kw-hn-[m-\\w sN-bv-X- Xn-I-¨pw- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-Wv \"b-£-Km-\\w'( 1976 ), \"in-J- Xv- A-©-en ta-t\\m-\\m-Wv Cu kn-\\n-a-bp-sS {]-ta-bw. c-§Ä'( 1979 ) F-¶o- c-ïv- \"a-©m-Sn-¡p-cp (2012), \"_‑mw- am-[y-a {]-hÀ-¯-I-cp-sS kn-\\n-a-I-fm-Wv- jo-e-bp- ¥qÀ-tU-bv-kv' (‑2014), Iq-sS' I-Y ]-d-bp-¶ \"eu-hv 24x7' sS- kw-hn-[m-\\-¯n-ep-Å-Xv. ( 2018 ) F-¶n-h-bpw- A-©- (2015) F-¶ kn-\\n-a {io- _m- hn-P-b-\\nÀ-½-e-bv-¡pw jo-e- en ta-t\\‑m-sâ- kw-hn-[m-\\-w e- sI. ta-t\\m-sâ- kw-hn-[m- bv-¡pw- ti-jw -kw-hn-[m-\\ sNbvX-Xv. Ip-Spw-_w, X-d- \\-¯n ]‑p-d-¯n-d-§n-b-Xm- ta-J-e-bn-te-¡v F¬-]- hm-Sv, Kr-lm-Xp-c-Xzw, Ip-«n- Wv. hn-[p hn³-skân-sâ Xp-I-fn-tem- sXm-®q-dp-I-fn- ¡m-ew, ku-lr-Zw, {]-W-bw kw-hn-[m-\\-¯n  ]‑p-d-¯n- tem- kv-{Xo-IÄ- I-S-¶p-h-¶n- -Xp-S-§n-b-h-bm-Wv-A-©-en- d-§n-b- kn-\\n-a-bm-Wv am³- cp-¶n-Ã. c-ïm-bn-c-¯n-\\p ta-t\\m-sâ- kn-\\n-a-I-fn tlmÄ (2016). k-aq-l-¯n -ti-j-am-Wv ]‑n-¶o-S-v- kw-hn- {]-[m-\\-am-bpw- I-S-¶p- h-cp- ]mÀ-iz-hÂ-¡-cn-¡-s¸-«n- [m-\\ ta-J-e-bnÂ- kv-{Xo- ¶-Xv. A-Ñ-\\pw a-I-fpw X-½n- cp-¶ H-cp {]-tXy-I-hn-`m-Kw km-¶n-[yw- i-à-am-Ip-¶-Xv. ep-Å Du-jv-a-f _-Ôw- Nn- P-\\-X-bp-sS {]-Xn-\\n-[m-\\- ]-¯v kw-hn-[m-b-IÀ- tNÀ- {Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶ kn-\\n-a-sb-¶ am-Wv Cu kn-\\n-a-bn Im- ¶v- kw-hn-[m-\\w sN-bv-X \\n-e-bn-em-Wv- tc-h-Xn. F-kv Wm³ km-[n-¡p-¶-Xv.Po-h- \"tI-c-f I-t^' (2009) F-¶ hÀ-½ kw-hn-[m-\\w sN-bv-X sI. F-¶ kw-hn-[m-bn-I kn-\\n-a-bn -tc-h-Xn- kw- \"am-Uv-Um-Uv (2012) t{]-£ -kw-hn-[m-\\w \\nÀ-Æ-ln-¨ Nn- hn-[m-\\w sN-bv-X `m-K-am- -I-cn-te-s¡-¯p-¶-Xv. im-en- {X-am-Wv \"dn-¨À-kv-sI-bn Wv \"a‑I- Ä' F-¶-Xv. \"tI- \\n D-j \\m-b-cp-sS- kw-hn- 7.6' (2017). ]m-cn-Øn-Xn-I H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 79

{]-iv-\\-§-fn A-[n-jvTn-X- am-b-kn-\\n-a-bm-Wn-Xv. ku- ay-k-Zm-\\-µ³ kw-hn-[m-\\w \\nÀ-Æ-ln-¨ kn-\\n-a-bm-Wv- \"amw-K-eyw-X-´p \\m-s\\' (2018). \\-h-Z-¼-Xn-I-fp-sS Zm-¼-Xy Po-hn-X-¯n-eq-sS -I-S-¶p- t]m-Ip-¶ ip-`-]-cy- h-km-bn-bm-b H-cp km-[m- c-W-kn-\\n-a-bm-Wn-Xv. Ko-Xp tam-l³-Zm-kv kw-hn-[m-\\w sN-bv-X-kn-\\n-a-bm-Wv' aq- t¯m³ ' ( 2019 ). ]‑p-dw-tem- I-¯n-\\p ap-¶nÂ- a-d-¡-s¸-« apw-ss_ F-¶ a-lm- \\-K-c- ¯n-se- Po-hn-X-bm-YmÀ- °y-§-fpw- e-£-Zzo-]‑v P-\\-X-bp-sS km-[m-c-W- Po- hn-X-hpw- tImÀ-¯n-W-¡p-¶ kn-\\n-a-bm-Wn-Xv. a-\\p-jy-_- Ô-§-fp-sS- B-g-hpw- A-Km- [-X-bp-am-Wv- Ko-Xp tam- l³-Zm-kv Cu Nn-{X-¯n A-t\\z-jn-¡p-¶-Xv. 2022 G-{]n-en A-\\o-ä- A-K- Ìn-sâ- kw-hn-[m-\\-¯n ]‑p-d-¯n-d-§n-b- Nn-{X-am- kw-hn-[m-\\-¯n-te-¡v-Np- kn-\\n-a-bnÂ-B-hn-jv-I-cn-¡m- h-Sp-h-¨-h-cm-Wv. A-Xn-s\\ \\‑pw, kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- A-h-Im- Wv \"aq-cn'. Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v t\\ ]‑n-´p-SÀ-¶v- A-`n-\\-b- cw-K- i-§Ä- D-bÀ-¯n-¡m-Wn- ¯v \\n-¶pw- A-Ãm-sX-bpw- kv- ¡m-\\pw, km-aq-ln-I-k-a-Xzw sc-bp-Å- ssew-Kn-I -A-Xn-{I- {Xo kw-hn-[m-b-IÀ- a-e-bm-f- F-¶ B-i-b-¯n-\\v {]‑m- kn-\\n-a-bnÂ- I-S-¶p-h-¶p. [m-\\yw \\Â-Im-\\pw ]‑p-cp-j- aw hÀ-²n-¨p h-cp-¶ km-l- B-Zy-Im-e- kn-\\n-a-IÄ- tI-{µo-Ir-X s]‑m-Xp-t_m-[ A-¡m-e-s¯ a-äv- kn-\\n-a -§-sf X-IÀ-¡m-\\pw kv-{Xo N-cy-¯nÂ-C-Xn-s\\-Xn-sc-i- -I-fn \\n-¶v- hy-Xym-kw kw-hn-[m-b-I-cp-sS- Nn-e- kn- ]‑p-eÀ-¯n-bn-Ã- F-¦n-epw \\n-a-IÄ-¡v km-[n-¨n-«p-ïv. à-am-b-Xm-¡o-Xp-am-bm-Wv ]‑nÂ-¡m-e-s¯ A-Rv-P-en e-hv 24 * 7 ' lm-¸n-tPÀ-Wn' ta-t\\‑m³, hn-[p hn³-kâ v \"am³ tlmÄ ', ' Ìm³-Uv \"aq-cn'F-¶ Nn-{Xw- F-¯p- Xp-S-§n-b- kv-{Xo kw-hn- A-¸v- Xp-S-§n-b-kn-\\n-a-IÄ- [m-b-I-cp-sS- kn-\\n-a-I-fnÂ- C-Xn-\\p-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn \\n-e- ¶-Xv. B-Zy-Im-e-¯v- kn-\\n-a- Im-cy-am-b- am-äw Im-Wm³ sIm-Åp-¶-h-bm-Wv. km-[n-¡pw. hy-Xy-kv-X-am- cw-K-t¯-¡v I-S-¶p h-cm³ b-kv-{Xo {]-Xn-\\n-[m-\\-§Ä kv-{Xo-IÄ- a-Sn-¨n-cp-¶p. kn-\\n-a- A-`n-\\-b- cw-K-¯v am-{X-am-Wv- sN-dn-b- tXm-Xn- se-¦n-epw- kv-{Xo- km-¶n- [yw- I-ïp-h-¶n-cp-¶-Xv. B-Zy-Im-e-s¯ kv-{Xo kw- hn-[m-b-IÀ- kn-\\n-a- A-`n- \\-b- cw-K-¯v \\n-¶v- kn-\\n-a- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 80

Arun A G (Physical Science ) ]-cntbdpw- -s]cp-am-fpw- Nn-e- Pm-Xn-bm-Ym-À-°y-§-fpw- C-´y-bnse Pm-Xn-hy- -taep-Å- Nq-j-W-§-Ä-¡pw- amb- - hntemaL- S- I- w- BW- X- .v A-Sn-¯-d- ]m-In-. kaq-l- C´- yb- ne- pS- \\- of- w- ]£- ]- m‑ X- - h-kvY-bpsS- thcp-I-Ä- ¯n-Â- H-cp- h-i-¯v A-`n- Nn-´-I-fpw- h-À-®- hnthN-\\- am-\\-¯n-sâbpw- a-dp-h-i-¯v §-fpw- {]-Xy-£-am-bpw- ] ]‑p-cm-X-\\- C-´y-bn-Â-Xs¶ A-Sn-¨-a-À-¯-en-sâbpw- L-S- tc‑m£-am-bpw- \\n-e-\\n-Â-¡p- I§- f- nÂ- - H¶- mb- n- PmX- ob- X- - ¶p-. `m-c-X-¯nse ]-e-bn- Isï¯m-\\m-Ipw-. A-Xv IW- ¡- m¡- s¸Sp¶- p.- C´- y³- - S-§-fn-epw- Pm-Xo-b-Nn-´- km-aq-ln-I- A-´-co-£s¯ Isf ]-c-ky-am-bn- D-] hn-hn-[- \\q-äm-ïp-I-fn-em-bn- F-¡m-e-hpw- I-ep-jn-X-hpw- tbmKn-¡pt¼mÄ- km-£-c- Ak- zk- Yv h- pw- B¡- p¶- - \\oX- n- Xm- \\n-c-¡vIq-Sp-X-ep-Å- {] ]-cn-W-an-¡p-I-bpw- -sNbvXp- bpsS Xp-ey- hn-X-c-Ws¯ tZi-§-fn-Â- A-h- Kp-]vX-am- Ak- m[- ya- m¡- p¶- - AX- nX- o{- h- bn- \\n-e-\\n-Â-¡p-¶p-. -sImïn-cn-¡p-¶p-. B-cy-·m- cpsS hc- h- pw- lnµ- pa- X- ¯- nse h-À-®- k{¼-Zm-b-hpw- Pm-Xo- b-am-b- -thÀ-Xn-cn-hp-I-Ä-¡pw- H-cp- hn-`m-Kw- a-\\p-jy-À-¡v H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 81

a-\\-Êp-Isf Io-g-S-¡n- bnc- n¡- p¶- X- v F¶- pw- AX- pI- m- cW- w- Zpc- nX- - Poh- nX- ¯- ne- mï- v -t]‑mIp-¶- H-cp- Iq-«-À-¡v A-Xn-Po-h-\\w- F-{Xt¯m- fw- Zp-jvI-c-amsW¶pw- H-cp- I-em-kr-ãn-bn-eqsS -t_m[ys¸Sp-¯p-I- F-¶-Xv {]b- mk- t- adnb- I- mc- ya- mW- .v {] tXyIn¨- v hnt\\mZ- D]- m[- nb- m- bn- I-W-¡m-¡s¸Sp-¶- kn- \\n-a- F-¶- am-[y-a-¯n-eqsS C-¯-cw- ]-cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-b- A-h-kvYsb B-hn-jvI-cn- ¡-Â- {i-a-I-cw- F-¶n-cns¡ B- Zu- X- ys¯ s- hÃph- nf- nb- m- bn- kzoI- c- n¨- v hnP- b- I- c- a- m¡- n- ]q-À-¯o-I-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv ]-cntbdpw- -s]cp-am-Ä- F-¶- kn-\\n-a-bpw- Nn-{X-¯n-sâ A-Wn-b-d- {]-h-À-¯-I-cpw-. N-e-¨n-{X-I-e- F-¶- \\n-e- bn-Â- I-em-aq-ey-hpw- hnt\\‑mZ- t\\m]‑m-[n- F-¶- \\n-e-bn-Â- -t{]£-It\\‑mSp-Å- \\o-Xn- bpw- ]‑p-e-À-¯nsImïm-Wv 2018 Â- am-cn- skÂ-h-cm-Pv km{- amP- yX- z- ¯- ns- â Ime- ¯- v -t\\m¡p-I-bmsW¦n-Â- Xm- F-¶- kw-hn-[m-b-I-³- H-cp- gv¶- Pm-Xn-hn-`m-K-§sf D-cp-hm-b- C-´y-³- kn-\\n-a-, C-c-bm-¡ns¡mïv C-S-\\n-e- ¡n-b- Cu- Nn-{Xw- Xn-b-ä-dp-I- Pm-Xn- {Kq-¸p-I-Ä- \\-S-¯p- htcWy-h-À-¤-hpw- ]‑m-À-i-z- ¶- B-[n-]-Xy- B-{I-a-W- fn-Â- F-¯n-b-Xv. §-Ä- Nn-{Xo-I-cn-¡m-³- Np-cp- h-Â-¡-cn-¡s¸«-h-cp-am- ¡w- Nn-e- kn-\\n-a-I-Ä- {i-an- -sX¡-³- X-an-g-Is¯ Xn- ¡p-¶psï¦n-epw- ap-Jy-[m-c- cps\\Âthen-, Xq-¯p-¡p- bp-Å- hy-Xym-kw- \\n-e- X-an-gvkn-\\n-a-I-fn-Â- h-fsc Sn- F-¶o- {]tZi-§-fnse A-]‑q-À-h-am-bn- am-{Xta C-¯- `q- D-S-a-kvY-cm-b- C-S-\\n-e-¡m- \\n-À-¯n- -t]‑m¶n-cp-¶p-. cw- bmY- mÀ- °- y§- Ä- - Nn{- XoI- - cpw- AS- n¨- a- À- ¯- s¸«- Xmg- v¶- cn-¡s¸«n-«p-Åq-. Pm-Xn-¡m-cpw- X-½n-ep-Å- Pm- kao-]- h-À-j-§-fn-Â- kn-\\n- Xn- kw-L-À-j-§-fpsSbpw- A{- Ia- §- f- psSbpw- `q{- ]I- rX- n- amh- yh- k- mb- h- pw- t- {]£I- c- pw- bmb- n- IW- ¡- m¡- s¸Sp¶- - {] tZi-§sf Np-än-¸-än-bm-Wv i-Ð-an-Ãm-¯-h-cpsS i-Ðw- kn\\- na- - apg- ph- \\- pw.- ]c- ntbdp‑ w- -s]cp-am-Ä- (Ip-Xn-c-¸p-d-¯v ]¦- ph- b- ¡v p¶- X- n\\- p‑ w- kn\\- na- sb hn-a-À-i-\\m-ß-I-am-bn- a-\\-Ên- em¡- p¶- X- n\\- p‑ w- k{v Io³- - kt-v ] kn-Â- {I-am-\\p-K-X-hpw- {]-I-S- hpa- mb- - amä- w- hc- p¯- nb- n«- pï- .v F-{X- B-g-¯n-em-Wv X-an-gvkn-\\n-a-bpsS Im-cyw- Pm-Xnt_m[w- a-\\p-jy- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 82

I-b-dp-¶- \\mtSmSnssZhw-) I-dp-¸n- 'F-¶- \\m-b-bpsS {]-W-b-_-Ô-¯n-sâ -t] F-¶- Cu- Nn-{Xw- Pm-Xn- -t\\‑mhp-¶- Nn-{Xw- \\s½ cnÂ- - Ah- ³- - A\\- p`- h- nt¡ïn- A-[n-jvTn-X-am-b- kaq-l- A-kz-kvY-am-¡p-I-Xs¶ h-cp-¶-Xv -sImSn-b- am-\\-kn-I- ¯n-Â- \\n-e-\\n-Â-¡p-¶- bm- s- N¿pw.- Id- p¸- nb- psS ih- s¯ imc- oc- nI- - ]oU- \\- §- Ä- - BW- .v Ym-À-°ys¯b‑pw- A-kln- -tNÀ-¯p-h-¨v \\m-b-I-³- ]‑m- \\mb- nI- b- psS kuµ- c- y¯- nÂ- - jvWp-Xtbbpw- Xo-{h-am- Sp-¶- 'I-dp-¸n- F-³- I-dp- {]-W-b- ]-c-h-i-\\m-Ip-¶- bpw-kq-£va-am-bpw- B-hn- ¸n-...'F-¶- Km-\\w- C-cp-Ä- ]-Xn-hv \\m-b-I-\\-Ã- ]-cn-b-³-. jvI-cn-¡p-¶p-. Nn-{X-¯nse \\nd- ª- - cm{- ãob- ¯- n\\- p‑ w- Pm- Cu- ]o-U-\\-§-Ä-¡v ]p-dta \\m-b-I- I-Ym-]‑m-{Xw- X-sâ Xn-hy-h-kvY-bv¡pw- F-Xnsc A-hs\\ A-kz-kvY-\\m-¡p- Iq-S-¸n-d-¸p-I-Äs¡Xnsc D-b- Du-cn-¸n-Sn-¨- hm-Ä- Xs¶bm- ¶-Xv \"\\m-³- bm-À-' F-¶vap- cp¶- - A\\- y‑ mb- §- Ä- s¡Xnsc Wv.' \\o- \\me- pI- me- nÂ- - P\\- n¨- p- g-§p-¶- -tNmZy-am-Wv. Zp-c-`n- i-Ð-am-Im-\\p-Å- \\‑ntb‑mKw- Rm³- - Cc- pI- me- ne- pw.- N¯- X- v am-\\- -sIme-I-Ä- F-§s\\ kzb- w- GsäSp¯- v t- em t- Imf- \\o- AÃ- - Rm\\- mW- .v s- Im¶X- m- A-]-I-S-§-fpw- B-ß-l- Pn-Â- ]-Tn-¡m-³- F-¯p-¶p-. sc¶pw- F-´ns\\¶pw- A-h-À- Xy-I-fp-am-bn- am-äs¸Sp-¶p- Xm-³- Po-hn-¡p-¶- -tImf-\\n- ¡pw- \\a- p¡- pw- Ad- nb- mw'- F¶- v F¶- pw- Nn{- Xw- Im«- n¯- c- p¶- p.- bpsS-tbm {Km-a-¯n-sâ-tbm ]m-Sp-¶n-S-¯v I-dp-¸n- F-¶- -t{]£-I-\\n-Â- -shdp-¸pw- -t]cpsImïv Xs¶ X-sâ \\m-b- H-cp- -saä-^-À- B-bn-am- `b- h- pw- P\\- n¸- n¡- p¶- - Ic- ms« Pm-Xn- Fs´¶v Xn-cn-¨-dn- dp-¶-Xv \\mw- Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-¶p-. s- h¦ntSi³- - F¶- - hnÃ- \\- mb- - bs¸Spsa¶pw- A-Xp-aq-ew- a-c-Wtijw- \\m-b- I-S-¶p-h- hr-²- I-Ym-]m-{Xw- Xm-gv¶- A-h-K-Wn-¡s¸Spw- F-¶p- cp-¶-Xv \\o-e- \\n-d-hp-am-bm-Wv. Pm-Xn-¡msc -sImesN¿p- ap-Å- D-Ä-`-b-¯m-Â- -sX‑m«- -s]cp-am-fn-sâ k¦-S-§-Ä- ¶-Xpw- \\-ap-¡v Im-Wmw-. Sp-¯- {Km-a-¯n-sâ -t]cv ¡pw- kw-L-À-j-§-Ä-¡pw- ]-cn-b-sâ I-Y-bv¡v kam-´- ]-dtbïn- h-cp-¶- km-l-N- -t\\À-km-£n-bm-Ip-¶- B- c-am-bm-Wv Cu- -sIme-]‑m- cy-am-bn-cp-¶p- A-hnsS D-ïm- \\m-b- H-Sp-hn-Â- A-h-\\v X-I- ]-c-¼-c- kv{Io-³- kv-s] bnc- p¶- X- v. B- kml- N- c- y¯- n- h-gn-Im-«n-bm-bn-am-dp-¶p-ïv. bvkn-Â- {I-ao-I-cn-¨n-cn-¡p- epw- ]-cntbdpw- -s]cp-am-Ä-, AX- nP- oh- \\- ¯- ns- âbpw- {]X- o- ¶-Xv. Hmtcm -sIme-]m-X-I- t- __n,- ]mf- nb- mwI- pf- w- F¶- v £b- psSbpw- \\nd- a- mb- mW- v \\o- hpw- X-sâ Ip-e- -ssZht¯m- apg- ph- ³- - hne- mk- hpw- ]d- ª- v e- Ch- nsS {]X- n^- e- n¡- p¶- X- v Sp-Å- tkh-\\-am-Wv F-¶v kzb- w- ]c- nN- b- s¸Sp¯- n- A]- - Ah- k- m\\- - cwK- §- f- nÂ- - IpX- n- hn-fn-¨p- ]-d-bp-¶- hr-²-\\n- I-S-¯n-em-Ip-¶- ]-cn-b-sâ ¨v ]msª¯p¶- - Xoh- ï- n¡- v eqsS Pm-Xn-bpsS \\n-jv{In- A-h-kvY- \\-ap-¡v a-\\-Ên-em- ap-¶n-Â- \\n-¶v ]-cn-bs\\ Po- ã-hpw- {Iq-c-hp-am-b- h-i-am- Ipw- hn-X-¯nte¡v -ssI]n-Sn-¨p- Wv-sXfn-bp-¶-Xv. ]-cn-b-sâ bÀ- ¯- p¶- X- pw- {]X- o£- b- psS kp-lr-¯vI-Ym-]‑m-{Xw- H-cp- B-Zy- ko-\\nse Ip-fw- ap- {]-Xo-I-am-b- I-dp-¸n-bm-Wv. t- hf- C{- ]I- mc- w- ]d- b- p¶- pï- v. X-Â- A-h-km-\\- -s{^bn-anse \" \\o- F{- X- _l- f- wh- ¨- me- pwC- - ]m‑ Â- N- mb- b- pw- I«- ³- N- mb- b- pw- -tem -tIm-tfPnse _-lp-h- hnsSBÀ- ¡- pw- a\\- Ê- ne- mI- nÃ- - hsc Xm³- - ]d- b- m³- - B{- Kl- n- À-WsImSn-I-fpsS ]-Ým-¯- \"F-¶v. Nn-e- hn-`m-K-¡m-À- -t\\ ¡p-¶- cm-{ão-bw- Xp-d-¶p- Im- e-¯n-Â- A-À-²-\\-á-\\m-bn- cnS- p¶- - hnthN\\- §- Ä- - a\\- Ê- n- «m-\\m-bn- kw-hn-[m-b-I-³- D-] Hm-Sn-¡s¸Sp-¶- -sXcp-Iq-¯v em-¡p-¶-Xn-\\pw- H-cp- ]-cn-[n- tbmKn-¨n-«p-ïv. -sdbn-Â-]‑m- I-em-Im-c-\\m-b- ]-cn-b-sâ bpsï¶- bmY- mÀ- °- ywN- n{- Xw- f-¯n-Â- \\p-dp-§n-b- amw- A-Ñ-sâ Zr-iyw- hn-§tem- ]-d-ªp-h-bv¡p-¶p-. kI-jvW-§-fm-bn- Nn-X-dn- sS A-ÃmsX I-ïn-cn-¡m-³- ¡n-S-¡m-³- hn-[n-¡s¸«-' I-gn-bn-Ã-. \\n-À-½-e-am-b- H-cp- \\m-b-I- I-Ym-]m-{Xs¯ H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 83

A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨- I-Xn-À- F-¶- C-cn-¡n-d-htcbv¡pw- \\m-³- b-Ym-À-°- {]-Xn-\\m-b-I-³-. I-gn-hp-ä- \\-S-³- Xo-{h-hn-Im- c-§-Ä- -t]mepw- Xn-I-ª- \\m-bm-bvXm-\\n-cn-¡-Wsa¶v -sX¡-³- X-an-gv\\m-«nse I-¿-S-¡t¯m-sSbm-Wv km-aq-ln-I- cm-{ão-b- kmw- -sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. \\m-bn- \\o-¦- F-Xn-À-]‑m-À-¡-htc- kvIm-cn-I-L-S-I-§-fpsS Isb A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨- B-\\- {]-I-S-am-Ip-¶- C-¯-cw- µn-, ]-cy-sâ kp-lr-¯ns\\ b‑v¡pw- Cs¦ G-Xptaam- A-kln-jvWp-X- Iq-Sp-X-Â- Ah- X- c- n¸- n¨- - t- bmKn- _m_- p,- Xpd- ¶- X- mI- pt¼mÄ- s- Nss¶- Xp-S-§n- F-Ãm- A-`nt\\Xm-¡- dm-Xv. \" F-¶- U-btemKv -t]‑mep-Å- Nn-e-bn-S-§-fnse fpw- kq£- av h- pw- anI- ¨- X- pa- mb- - am-äw- kzm-K-Xm-À-l-am-Wv. {]-I-S-\\-am-Wv Im-gvN-h-¨-Xv. \\m-bn-I-bpsS A-Ñt\\‑mSv X-an-g-cpsS e-`y-am-b- {]m-No- Nn-{Xs¯ an-I-hp-ä-Xm-¡p-¶- \\- {K-Ù-am-b- -tXmÂ-Im-¸n- asämcp-L-S-Iw- ]‑m-«p-I-fm- A-Ã- a-dn-¨v A-Sn-¡m-³- D-b- bw- X-an-gv `-c-Ws¯ am-¶m- Wv. A-h- I-Ym-kµ-À-`-§- Àcm-Pm-¡-·m-À-, A-Ô-\\m-À Ä-¡pw- -t{]£-I-\\‑nte¡v À-¯n-b- -ssIItfm-sS X-§- ]W- Uv nX- À- ,- hmW- nK- À- - - hym]- m‑ - ]-d-bm-³- B-{K-ln-¡p-¶- Im- cn-I-Ä-, -shÅm-f-ÀI-À-j-I-À-, cy-§-Ä-¡pw- A-\\ptb‑mPy- Ä-¡vNp-äpw- \\n-Â-¡p-¶- F¶- n§- s\\ Xc- wX- nc- n¡- p¶- p.- am-Ipw- hn-[w- at\\ml-c- G-Xv hn-`m-K-¡m-À-¡pw- cm- am-bn- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨n-«p-ïv. -sIm¶p-I-f-bm-³- -t]‑mepw- Pm-hv B-Im-\\p-Å-A-h-kcw-, kn\\- na- b- psS Ah- k- m\\- w- ]c- n- C-cp-hn-`m-K-§-Ä- X-½n-Â- b-³- ]-d-bp-¶-\" \\o-¦- \\o-¦-fm- a-Sn-¡m-¯- B-[n-]-Xy- {]-_- \\-S-¡p-¶- ]-cn-h-À-¯-\\w-, e- h-À-¤- {]-Xn-\\n-[n-I-fm-b- Hmtcmcp-¯tcmSpw- B-Wv. kmt¦Xn-I-am-bn- ]ptcmK- a-\\w- -ssIh-cn-¨-hs\\¶pw- kw-kvIm-c- k¼-¶-³- F-¶pw-A-`n-am-\\n-¡p-¶- -s]‑mXp-kaq-lw- Pm-Xn-bpsS hnj- b- ¯- nÂ- - s- sIs- ¡mÅp¶- - hn-]-coX- -hpw- lnwk- m-ß-Ih- p- amb- - \\ne- ]- mS- mW- vCh- nS- s¯ H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 84

hn-hm-lw-, hn-Zym-k¼-¶- C-¯-c-¯n-Â- Pm-Xn- B-[n- Ip-Sn-¡p-¶- ¥m-kn-Â-, Ip-fn- \\m-b- H-cp- I-À-j-Is\\ ]-Xy-ap-Å- kaq-l-§-Ä- hn- ¡p-¶- -shÅ-¯n-Â-, ]-Tn- ]-WvUn-X-\\m-bn- I-W-¡m- Ik- \\s¯ ]c- na- nX- s¸Sp¯- p- ¡p¶- - CS- §- f- nÂ- ,- InS- ¡- p¶- - ¡pI- - XpS- §- nb- h- - Ah- e- w_- n- ¶p- F¶- v \\nk- wi- b- w- ]d- b- mw.- ho-«n-Â-, I-¿nseN-c-Sn-Â-, ¨n-cp-¶- kw-kvIm-c- k¼- kz-bwtNmZn-¡p-I-... asämcp- C-cn-¡p-¶- ko-än-Â-,-sN¿p-¶- ¶-À- B-bn-cp-¶p- X-an-g-À-. Pm-Xn-¡m-c-\\p-am-bn- {]-W-b- -sXmgn-en-Â-, {]-W-b- F-¶m-Â- ]n-¶o-Sv a-äp- `-c-Wm- ¯n-em-bm-Â- X-sâ a-Is\\ ¯n-Â-, ku-lr-Z-¯n-Â-, [nI- mc- nI- Ä- ¡- pw- aä- mf- pI- f- psS bpw- a-Isfbpw- hn-hm-lw- F-Ãmw- Pm-Xn- Fs´¶v {]-Xy-b-im-kv{X-§-Ä-¡pw- I-gn-¡m-³- A-\\p-h-Zn-¡ptam? Xn-cn-¨-dn-ª- Hmtc‑mcp- Io-g-S-§n-b-Xv H-cp- h-en-b- H-cp- {]tXyI- hy-ànt¡m ¯-À-¡pw- ]-cntbdpw- -s] hn-`m-Kw- X-an-gv P-\\-Xsb ]m-À-«nt¡m -thm«v-sN¿p-¶- cp-am-Ä- F-¶- Nn-{X-¯n-Â- Pm-Xn-hm-Zn-I-Ä- B-¡n-am-äp- Xn-\\v Pm-Xn- H-cp- Im-c-Ww- ]-d-ªp-h-bv¡p-¶- Zp-jvI- ¶-Xn-Â- ]-¦p-h-ln-¨p-. -taÂ- BtWm? C-¯-cw- -tN‑mZy- c-am-b- A-h-kvY- ]q-À-®- ¸d- ª- - PmX- ntImeml- e- §- - §-Ä- \\-½psS D-Ånse am-bn- {K-ln-¡m-\\m-Ipw-. fpw- hÀ- K- ob- - B{- Ia- W- §- f- pw- P-\\m-[n-]-Xyt_m[s¯ {]-Z-À-i-\\- A-\\p-a-Xn-e-`n-¨- C-Ãm-¯- X-an-g-I-§-fpw-D-ïv. hn-i-I-e-\\w- -sN¿m-³- Xotbä-dp-I-fn-Â- A-S-¡w- t- Icf- h- pw- DÄ- s¸«psImïpÅ- - \\-Ã-Xm-Wv. C-¶s¯ H-cp- D-ïm-b- -shÃp-hn-fn-I-Ä- -t\\ A-¯-cw- C-S-§-fnse he- nb- - hn`- mK- w- hnZ- ymÀ- °- nI- - cn-«- c-RvPn-¯v F-¶- \\n-À- a-\\p-jy-À- atXX-c-X-z-hpw- fpw- bph- m¡- §- f- pw- X§- f- psS ½m-Xm-hv Cu- kn-\\n-asb A`- na- m\\- h- pw- A\\- p`- h- n¡- p¶- - Pm-Xn-kz-X-zw- kw-c-£n-¡p- Xn-c-Èo-e-bn-Â- F-¯n-¨-Xv h-À- B-bn-cn-¡-Ww-. F-¶m-Â- ¶-Xn-Â- -t_m[-hm-·m-cm-Wv. Ie- p-j-amb- - kma- q-ln-I- Ah- - R-§-Ä-¡-dn-bmw- \\-½psS F-¶m-Â- Nn-e- a-\\p-jy-cpsS kvY-I-Äs¡Xn-cm-b- -t]mcm- \\m-Sv Pm-X-c-ln-X-a-Ã-. C-\\n- Nn-´-I-fn-eqsSbpw- {]-h-À- «-am-bpw- N-e-¨n-{X- I-e-bpsS Ft¸mgm-Wv \\-½psS \\m-Sv ¯-\\-§-fn-eqsSbpw- C-¯- \\-h- cm-{ão-b-¯n-sâ h-f-À-¨- Pm-Xn-hn-ap-à-am-hp-I- F-¶- cw- A-h-kvY-I-Ä-¡v F-Xn- bm-bpw- am-dp-¶p-. -tNmZy-¯n-\\v D-¯-c-hpw-A-dn- scbp-Å- -t]‑mcm-«-hpw- \\-S-¶p- bn-Ã-. kao-]-`m-hn-bn-Â- H-cn- sImïn-cn-¡p-¶p-. ¡e- pw- AX- v km[- ya- Ã- - F¶- v \\mw- hn-i-z-kn-¡p-¶p-. H-cp-h- Z-£n-W- `m-c-X-¯nse i-¯v Pm-Xo-b-X- \\-½psS hnthN-\\-§-Äs¡Xn-cm-b- kw-kvIm-c-¯n-sâbpw- ln- -t]‑mcm-«-§-Ä- -tIc-f-¯n-Â- µp-a-X-¯n-sâbpw- `m-Ksa¶- {io\\- mc- mb- W- K- pc- ph- ns- â Bi- - \\n-e-bn-Â- a-\\p-jy-³- a-\\-Êp- b-§-fn-eqsSbpw- X-an-g-I-¯v I-fn-Â- kw-c-£n-¡s¸Spw-. s- ]cnb- md- ns- â Bß- m`- na- m\\- - ad- ph- i- ¯- v km¼- ¯- nI- - ku- {]k- Yv m\\- ¯- ne- qsSbpw- ià- n- µc- y- h- yh- k- Yv - A\\- p`- h- n¡- p¶- - {]m-]n-¨p- C-¶pw- Xp-S-À-¶p- C-S-§-fn-Â- kw-h-c-W- D-]‑m- sImïn-cn-¡p-¶p-. Cu-bnsS [n-bm-bpw-. Pm-Xn-Nn-´-Isf Z-fn-Xv Xm-a-kbn-S-§sf am-\\-hn-I-X-bv¡v ap-I-fn-Â- -thÀ-Xn-cn-¡m-\\m-bn- Xr-¨n- {]‑m-[m-\\‑yw- I-Â-¸n-¡p-¶- taJ-e-bn-Â- \\n-À-½n-¨- -sXcp- kµ-À-`-§-fn-Â- B-W-Xv hvIq-«m-bva- a-Xn-ens\\Xnsc A-\\o-Xn-bm-bpw- Im-S-¯-am- \\-S-¶- ka-c- -t]mcm-«-§-Ä- bpw- am-dp-¶-Xv. C-Xn-\\p- D-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 85

Divya Mohan (Natural Science ) H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 86

Madhavi Mohan (Physical Science ) U-b-dn-Ip-dn-¸p-I-fn-eqsS - t]mcm-Sn-b- -s]¬-Ip-«n- B-³-{^m-¦v F-¶- -t]cv ]‑n-Sn-¨p- ]-än- A-hveo-kv -tacn- dn-¸p-I-fn-eqsS -temI-¯n-\\v {^m-¦v F-¶- B-³-{^m-¦v. ap-¶n-Â- Xp-d-¶p-Im-«n-. ln-äve- Ip-d-¨p- -t]Às¡¦n-epw- kp- ln-äve-cpsS PqX- a- X- - hntZzj- cpsS t- Im¬s- k³{- Sj- ³- - Iym- ]-cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cn-¡pw-. ln-äve- ¯n-\\v C-c-bm-¡s¸«- H-«-\\-h- ¼n-Â- A-S-bv¡s¸«t¸mgpw-, cpsS \\mk- nk- väv `c- W- ¯- nse [n- -t]cn-Â- H-cm-fm-bn-cp-¶p- X-sâ -ss[cy-hpw- B-ß-hn- At\\I- PqX- - c-àk- m£- n-I- Ah- c- pw.- Xs- â IpS- pw_- ¯- n\\- v i-z‑m-khpw- -sImïv A-hnsS fn-Â- H-cm-Ä-. ]n-Â-Im-e-¯p- A-\\p-`-hnt¡ïn- h-¶- bm- ]n‑ S- n¨- p- \\nÂ- ¡- m\\- pw- kt- lmZ- Xs- â Ub- d- n- Ipd- n¸- pI- f- ne- qsS X-\\-I-Ä- A-h-Ä- U-b-dn-¡p- cn-¡pw- A-½-bv¡pw- -ss[cyw- a-c-Wm-\\-´-cw- -temI-{i-²- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 87

]-I-À-¶p- \\-Â-Im-\\pw- B- 15 hb- k- nÂ- - XmsgbpÅ- - s- ]¬- Ip-«n-¡v km-[n-¨p-. A-h-Ä-Iv -t\\cntSïn- h-¶- -thZ-\\-Is- fÃmw- Xs¶ Inä- n- F¶- - Hma- \\- B-\\ns\\ A-dn-bm-¯-h-À-¡m-bv A-h-fpsS ]‑p-kvX-Iw-\"B-³-{^m-¦n-sâ U-b-dn- Ip-dn-¸p-I-Ä- t¸-tcm-sS A-h-Ä- hn-fn-¡p-¶- \"hm-bn-¡p-hm-³- \\n-ÀtZin-¡p-¶p-.' \\n-§-fpsS X-sâ B-ß-an-{X-am-b- U-b- Np-äp-ap-Å- C-\\n-bpw- \\-ã-am-bn-«n-Ãm-¯- dn-bn-Â- A-h-Ä- Ip-dn-¨v ku-µ-cys¯ ]-än- Nn-´n-¡p-I- k-t´mj-am-bn- C-cn-¡p-I-'. B-\\n-sâ hm-¡p-I-fm-Wn-h-.... h-bv¡p-¶p-ïm-bn-cp-¶p-. B- U-b-dn- {]-kn-²o-I-cn- ¡-Ww- F-¶-Xv A-h-fpsS B-{K-lw- B-bn-cp-¶p-. ]n-Â- Im-e-¯p- B-³-{^m-¦n-sâ A-Ñ-³- A-Xv {]-kn-²o-I- cns¨¦n-epw-, At¸m-tg¡pw- bm-¯-h-À-¡m-bv A-h-fpsS f¡m-bn- {]-Xym-i- -sImïv ]‑p-kvX-Iw-\"B-³-{^m-¦n-sâ Po-hn-¨- B-³-{^m-¦ns\\ -t]‑m- A-h-Ä- -temIt¯mSv U-b-dn- Ip-dn-¸p-I-Ä- \"hm-bn- sebp-Å-hc- psS Poh- nX- s¯ ¡p-hm-³- \\n-ÀtZin-¡p-¶p-.' am-Xr-I-bm-¡pw- hn-[w- h-cpw- hn-S-]-d-ªn-cp-¶p-. A-km- \\n-§-fpsS Np-äp-ap-Å- C-\\n- X-e-ap-d- Np-h-Spsh¡s« bpw- \\-ã-am-bn-«n-Ãm-¯- ku- F-¶v {]-Xym-in-¨p- -sImïv am-\\y-am-b- -ss[cyw- B-³- µ-cys¯ ]-än- Nn-´n-¡p-I- B- -t]mcm-«s¯ km-£y- k-t´mj-am-bn- C-cn-¡p-I-'. s- ]Sp¯- m³- - B- Ub- d- nX- s¶ {]-I-Sn-¸n-¨n-cp-¶p-. ]s£ B-\\n-sâ hm-¡p-I-fm-Wn-h-.... [m-cm-fsa¶pw- Hm-À-½s¸Sp- Zp-cn-Xm-h-kvY- -t\\‑cntSïn- ¯nsImïv \\n-À-¯p-¶p-. -tIm¬-k³t{Sj-³- Iym- h-¶m-epw- \\-Ã- \\ms- ¼n-Â- Xm-§m-\\m-hm-¯- A [-zm-\\w- aq-ew- A-kp-J-_m- [n-X-cm-b- B- Ip-Spw-_- ¯nse, A-½-bpsSbpw-, k-tlmZ-cn-bpsSbpw- -thÀ- ]‑m-Sv -t\\cn-Â- I-ï- B- ]-Xn- \\-©p- h-b-kp-Im-cn-¡v- X-sâ B-ßss[cyw- \\-ãs¸Sm-³- C-S-bm-bn-. ]s£ A-h-fpsS U-b-dn-bpsS {]-kn-²o-I-c-W- ¯n-eqsS -temIw- B-\\ns\\ Iq-Sp-X-Â- A-dn-bp-I-bpw-, ln- äev d- psS {Iqc- a- pJ- §- f- nÂ- - H¶- v Iq-Sn- -temI-¯n-\\p- ap-¶n-Â- Xp-d¶- p- Im«- pI- b- pw- s- NbvXp-. a-c-W-¯n-\\p- Io-g-S-¡s¸«-¦n- epw,- H«- \\- h- [- n- Ip«- nI- f- nÂ- - {] tNmZ\\- a- mh- m³- - B\\- n\\- p- Ig- n- ªp-. A-h-fpsS-t]mcm-«w- X-sâ F-gp-¯p-I-fn-eqsS B-bn-cp-¶p-. A-Xn-Â- A-h-Ä- hn-P-bw- Isï¯p-I-bpw- -sNbvXp-. B-\\ns\\ A-dn- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 88

Sruthy H-cp- ]-{X-¯n-sâ (Sanskrit) -t]mcm-«w- cm-{ão-b-, \\m-K-cn-I-, kmw- apX- Â- - t- Icf- w- hscbpÅ- - kw- dnt¸mÀ-«-À- ap-X-Â- F-Un-ä-À-, ]-»n-j-À- hscbp-Å- Hm-Ä- kvIm-cn-I- I-htdPp-I-fpsS kvYm-\\-§-fnse kw-kvIr-X- C-³- h-¬- -tdmÄsN¿p-¶- 59 k½n-{i-am-b-, C-´y-bnse Im-c-\\m-b- Ip-am-dn-sâ Iq-Sn- AX- nP- oh- n¡- p¶- - kwk- Iv rX- - Zn- hnZ- ym]- o‑ T- §- Ä- ,- A¡- mZ- a- nI- Ä- ,- I-cp-¯n-em-Wv. \\]- {- Xa- mb- - \"- kp[- À- a- - 'Cs¶mcp- - s]mXp P- oh- nX- ¯- nÂ- - -t]mcm-«-¯n-\\p- \\-Sp-hn-em-Wv. -tI{µ- hn-Zym-e-b-§-Ä-, \\n-jv{In-bsa¶v I-cp-Xp-¶- Nn-e-hv h-À-[n-¡p-I-bpw- H-cp- `m-jsb ]‑p-\\-cp-Öo-hn- ]-c-ky-h-cp-am-\\w- Ip-d-bp-I- ]-»nIvsse{_-dn-I-Ä- F-¶n- ¸n-¡m-\\p-f- H-cp- ]-{X-¯n-sâ bpw- -sN¿pt¼mÄ- X-f-cmsX, -t]mcm-«w- Iq-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. B- hoW- p- t- ]mImsX ]nS- n¨- p- \\nÂ- - hn-S-§-fn-Â- \\n-c-h-[n- hm-b- t- ]m‑ cm«- w- kam\\- X- I- f- nÃ- msX ¡m-\\p-Å- -t]mcm-«-¯n-em-Wv ho-cyw- -tNmÀ-¶p- -t]mImsX C-u- ]-{Xw-. \\-¡m-cp-ïm-bn-cp-¶n-«pw- kw- Ct¸mgpw- Xp-S-cp-¶p-. X-]m-Â-h-gn- 3,000 kIv rX- - kÀh- I- e- mi- me- I- tfm {]-Xn-h-cn-¡m-cn-Â- F-¯p-¶p-. 47 hÀ- j- s¯ {]k- n²- oI- c- W- - A-¡m-Z-an-Itfm F-´n-\\v N-cn-{X-ap-Å- c-ïv -t]Pv C-¶v A-´m-cm-{ã- X-e-¯n-Â- 1.5 -tI{µ- kw-kvYm-\\-kÀ- e£- w- hmb- \\- ¡- mc- nÂ- - F¯- p- ¶p.- ]¯- p- hÀ- j- w- ]g- ¡- a- pÅ- - ¡mtcm C-u- ]-{X-¯n-\\v Ce- t{ÎmWnI- v t- ]¸À- - ]X- n¸- v D-ïm-bn-cp-¶n-«pw- Im-cy-am-b- ]n‑ ´- pW- - \\Â- I- p¶- nÃ- .- F¶- n- hc- pa- m\\- sam¶pw- e`- n¡- msX, kÀ-¡m-À- k_vkn-Untbm, cp-¶n-«pw- kp-[-À-a- ho-Wp- {Km-tâm e-`n-¡msX Xm-gvN- bnte¡v ]-Xn-¨psImïn-cn- -t]mImsX -s]‑mcp-Xp-¶-Xv ¡pt¼mgpw- \"AX- nP- oh- \\- ¯- n- \\p-Å- -ssZ\\w-Zn-\\- -t]mcm-«w- ' \\-S-¯p-I-bm-Wv kp-[-À-a-. P-½p-Im-ivao-À- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 89

Aarsha V. R. (Malayalam ) BkpcImes¯ IhnX Ip«\\mS³ a®nsâN‑qcpw ln¨v IhnXbmbn ]ndhn \\ hn¹ht_m[hpw sXmgnem- ÂInb IhnbmWv \\oet¼ fnhÀKm`napJyhpsaÃmw sImb¯-v p ]m«nsâ CuWhp‑ w cqÀ a[pkqZ\\³ \\mbÀ. At±l¯nsâ IhnXI PohnX¯nsâ Xo£vWX fn sXfnªpImWmw. {] Xmfhpw \\‑nkzhÀ¤t¯m- bpw emhWy t_m[hpw IrXn kvt\\lhpw hÀ¤m`n SpÅ AS§m¯ A`n\\n‑ thi hpw hm¡pIfn Bhm- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 90

hn¨p apt¶tdïhsc¶pw Ihn HmÀ½n¸n¡p¶p. `cW‑m[nImcnIÄ \\‑s½ ]‑ncn¡m³ {ian¨me‑pw H¶mbn Hcpa-tbmsS H-tciÐambn apt¶dm³ Blzm\\w sN¿p¶ IhnX b‑mWv -\"NpasSSp¡p¶hÀ \\½Ä ' \"C¶o ]Ien³ Nqfb¡v‑ pÅn þencp¶phnbÀt¡ \\‑mad‑nbp¶m kwL_ew! \\msam¶msWm¶m þ sW¶ shfn¨hpw, H¶n¨m \\mw \\½psS hn[nbpsSbSnaIfÃn þ¶pSaIfmsW¶psÅmcp t\\cpw s\\dntbmSpÅn \\ndbp¶p! Rm\\¡Y sNmÃnsb- \\nthihpw lrZyambn `bw hn« þ WoÂs¡, t\\m¡oþ AhXcn¸n¡p¶ IhnX bmWv \"IpSnsbmgnbm¯hÀ'. a\\Ên¶Iw s]mcpÄ þ b´ntNm¸n\\psa´pXn- \"]pecn hs¶³ s\\dpI bnÂNpw_n¨p shfnth kzmX{´ysa þ f¡w.\" ]pecpI \\oWmÄ Nn´bn sN½pIn þ s¶sâbo hnfw_cw.' AXpt]mseXs¶ AKv\\‑n- sImSnbpbpÀ¯pthmÀ¡p Õmlambn... temIsa§papÅ A[:Øn I\\yI F¶ IhnXbn kzcalnabn ap§n\\n hÀ¶p \\nþ XcpsS tamN\\¯n\\v A´y \"Cu bpK¯nsâIpcpt£{X- ¶h\\nhmgh- v- p IhnXbm¡pw hsc IpSnsbmgn¡pIbnà \\nanjw hsc t]‑mcmSnb koabn Rm³!' Hcp P\\XbpsS kzmX{´y ]‑mt»m s\\cpZ F¶pw tXcpsXfn¡psa³ iàn {]Jym]\\¯nsâ, t\\À-k‑m £yamb Acphn¸pdw {]Xn- t]‑mcm«¯nsâ {]XoIam- ssNX\\yambn jvT ap³\\nÀ¯n FgpXnb IhnXbmWv \"Acphn¸pdw.' Wv. Npäpw ImWp¶ F³ P·`qhnsâ bmKmKv\\n \"hn{Kl {]XnjvTb þ ÃnXp kzmX{´y¯nsâ PohnXw Xsâ Imhy Pzmebn hn¹h hnfw_cw! krãn¡v hnjbam¡nb \\n¶p \\o hoïpa‑pb‑nÀ- s\\cpZ F¶ t\\m_ s¡mÅpInÃtbm.\" k½m\\ tPX‑mhnsâ F¶v ]m©mensb ¡pdn¨pw kav cWb¡v‑ mbn \\oet¼cqÀ ]mSp¶pï.v `cWIqS¯ns\\ cNn¨ IhnXbm‑ Wv \"]mt»m Xnsc Fg‑p¯neqsS t]‑mcm- s\\cpZ\". Snb tKm‑ À¡nbpw AK\\v n‑ bmbn NpasSSp¡p¶h- Pzen¨ ]m‑ ©menbpw B[p\\n‑I cmb \\½Ä Xs¶bmWv ]m‑ c¼cy kwkIv- rXn‑ Isf Hcp \\½psS kzÀ¤w ]Wntb‑ ïh- ]ptcmKa\\ Ihn F§s\\ sc¶pw, hne¡pIfpw {] t\\m¡n¡mWWsa¶v hyà XnkÔnIf‑pw AXnPo am¡p¶ hcnIfmWv. H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 91

Thanma Reji (Sanskrit ) I-À-®-sâ -t]mcm-«w- thZs¯ \\m-em-bn- hn- kq-cytZhs\\ a-\\-Ên-Â- [ym- At±lh- pw- `mc- yc- m[- b- pwtNÀ- \\n-¨v a-{´w- -sNmÃn-b-Xpw- ¶v Ah- s\\ hf- À- ¯- n.- A§- s\\ `-Pn-¨- hym-k ap-\\n-bm-Â- -tZh-³- {]-Xy-£s¸Sp-I-bp- IÀ- ®- ³- - \"cmt[b\\- m'- bn.- Ah- - c-Nn-¡s¸«- C-Xn-lm-k Im- ïm-bn-. cm-P-Ip-am-cn-bpsS sâ ic- oc- ¯- nse kzÀ- ®- ¯- n- hy-am-b- a-lm-`m-c-X-¯n At]£- {]I- mc- w- I\\- yI- mX- z- w- f¡- w- Iï- n«- mI- W- w- Ah- s\\ {]-[m-\\- I-Ym-]‑m-{X-am-b- I-À- \\ã- s¸Sm¯- - coX- nb- nÂ- - k´m- \"hk- ptjW³- '- F¶- v hnf- n¨- p;- ®s- â t- ]mcm«- - hoc- ya- mW- v Nn- \\e- Ð- nb- pï- mb- n.- t- Xmgnb- psS kqc- y]- p{- X³- - kqX- ]- p{- X\\- mb- n.- {Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Ip-´n-bpsS klmb- t¯ms- S Btcmcpa- d- n- I-À-W-³- B-bp-[m-`ym-k¯n- BZ- y- ]p{- X\\- pw- ]©- ]- mW- Uv - bmsX Ip´- otZhn- {]k- hn¨- p.- \\m-bn- -t{ZmWm-Nm-cy-cpsS h-cpsS A-À-²- k-tlmZ-c-\\p- P·\\m- Ih- N- I- pW- Uv e- §- tfm- A-Sps¯¯n-. -t{ZmWm-Nm- am-Wv I-À-®-³-. Sp- IqS- nb- - AX- ntXPk- znb- mb- - cy-cm-Wv ]m-WvU-h-cpsSb‑pw- H-cn-¡-Â- Ip-´n- -t`mP- H-cp- ]p-{X-\\v P-·w- \\-Â-In-. I-u-c-h-cpsSbpw- Kp-cp-. At± a-lm-cm-Pm-hn-sâ -sIm«m-c- kqc- ytZh³- - \\Â- I- nb- - hni- nã- - lw- I-À-®s\\ B-bp-[- hn-Zy- ¯n-Â- A-Xn-Yn-bm-bn- a-l- amb- - Ih- N- §- Ä- - DÅ- nS- t¯m- I-Ä- A-`y-kn-¸n-¨p-. F-¶m-Â- À-jn- Zp-À-hm-kmsh¯n-. fw- Im-ew- A-hs\\ B-À-¡pw- {_Ò- mk- v{Xh- nZ- y- ]T- n¸- n¨- nÃ- .- cmP- I- pa- mc- nb- mb- - Ip´- otZhn- h[- n¡- m³- - Ig- nb- nÃ- mb- nc- p¶- p.- I-À-®-³- Kp-cp-hnt\\mSv ]-Tn- bmW- v At±ls¯ ]c- nN- c- n¨- - Aa- rX- nÂ- - ap¡- nb- - IpW- vUe- - ¸n-¡m-³- B-h-iys¸-s«¦n- Xv. CX- nÂ- - k´pã- \\- mb- - al- - §-Ä- A-h-sâ Po-h-³- c-£n- epw- At±lw- ]-Tn-¸n-¨n-Ã-. À-jn- Ip-´otZhn-bv¡v A-©v ¡m-³- I-gn-bp-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p-. kq-X-]p-{X-·msc ]-Tn-¸n-¡m- ]p{- Xk- n²- n- a{- ´§- Ä- - hc- a- mb- n- hnh- ml- ¯- n\\- v ap³- ]- v Ipª- n\\- v \\m-Insöpw- A-{Xm-P-Ip-am- \\Â- I- n.- GsXmcp- {]]- ©- k- n- P-·w- \\-Â-In-b-Xv cm-Py-¯n- c·mÀ- ¡- pÅ- - hnZ- yb- msW¶pw- ²nsb a-\\-Ên-Â- [ym-\\n-¨v sâ A-`n-am-\\-¯n-\\v £-X-am- Kp-cp-I-À-®t\\mSv ]-d-ªp-. Cu- - a{- ´w- Dc- ph- nS- p¶- pthm B- bX- p- s- Imïv Ipª- ns\\ t- ] A-dn-hv -t\\Sp-¶-Xn-\\v X-sâ kn²- n- {]X- y£- s¸«v AX- nsem- S-I-¯n-em-¡n- \\-Zn-bnsemgp- Pm-Xn-{]-Xn-_-Ô-amsW¶v cp- k´X- nsb {]Z- m\\- w- s- N¿pw.- ¡n-. l-kvXn-\\- ]p-c-¯nse a-\\-Ên-em-¡n-b- I-À-®-³- Cu- - hc- ¯- ns- â ià- nsbm¶v -tXcm-fn-bm-b- A-Xn-c-Y-\\m-Wv ]-c-ip-cm-as\\ kao-]n-¨p-. ]-co-£n-¡m-³- I-\\y-I-bm-b- Ip-ªns\\ IsïSp-¯-Xv. {_mÒ- W- \\- pa- m{- Xta At±lw- cm-P-Ip-am-cn- Xo-cp-am-\\n-¨p-. H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 92

hn-Zy- A-`y-kn-¸n-¡p-I-bp-Åq- H-gnsI \\m-ev ]m-WvU-hsc AÀ- -Pp-\\s\\ D-]tZin-¡p¶- p-. F¶- X- n\\- mÂ- - IÀ- ®- ³- - {_mÒ- - Xm-³- h-[n-¡nsöpw- I-À-®- Xp-S-À-¶v \\-S-¶- bp-²-¯n-Â-, W-sâ -thj-¯n-Â-F-¯n-. ³- D-d-¸v \\-Â-In-. A-À-Öp-\\s\\ h-{P-kam-\\- ]-c-ip-cm-a-³- {_-Òm-kv{X- hn- Ip-cpt£{X-bp-²-¯nse am-b- H-c-kv{X-¯m-Â- -tamlm- Zy-bpw- im-kv{X-hn-Zy-bpw- ]-Tn- ]-Xnt\\gmw- Zn-\\-¯n-em-Wv e-kys¸Sp-¯n-btijw- I-À- ¸n-¨p-. H-cp- Zn-h-kw- D-¨-¡v I-À-®-³- -sImÃs¸«-Xv. A-À- ®-³- Xm-Wpt]‑mb- X-sâ ]-c-ip-cm-a-³- I-À-®-sâ a-Sn- Pp-\\-\\p-am-bn- -t\\cn-«v G-äp-ap- c-Y-N-{Iw- D-b-À-¯m-\\m-bn- hn- bn-Â- D-d-§p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p-. «nb- - IÀ- ®- s- â kÀ¸- a- pJ- _- m- P-bsa¶- hn-Ãv Xmsgh-¨n-«v At¸mgm-Wv H-cp- h-ïv I-À- W¯- nÂ- - \\n¶- v Xe- \\- mc- ng- ¡- v D-Zy-an-¡p-¶p-. C-u- ka-bw- ®-sâ Xp-S-bn-Â- I-Sn-¡m-³- {io-Ir-jvW-`-K-hm-³- A-À-Pp- km-c-Yn-bm-b- {io-Ir-jvW-³- B-cw-`n-¨-Xv. Kp-cp-hns\\ \\s\\ c-£n-¡p-¶p-. Xp-S-À-¶v A-À-Pp-\\s\\ iotXm]-Nm-cw- DW- À- ¯- mX- nc- n¡- m³- - IÀ- W- ³- - ap³- ]- v Gä- nc- p¶- - {_mÒ- W- i- m- -sNbvXp- D-W-À-¯p-I-bpw-, -thZ-\\- kln-¨psImïn-cp- ]¯- mÂ- - Xs- â cY- w- s- Nfnb- nÂ- - \\nc- mb- p[- \\- mb- ntXcpb- À- ¯- p¶- - ¶p-. c-àw- ]-c-¡m-³- Xp-S- Xmg- ¶v pt]mbX- ns\\ ¯pS- À- ¶- v I-À-®s\\ h-[n-¡p-hm-³- D-] §n-bt¸mÄ- A-Xn-sâ \\-\\-hv G-äp-ap-«-Â- X-XvIm-ew- \\n-À- tZin¡- pI- b- pw- s- N¿p¶- p.- Xp- X-«n- ]-c-ip-cm-a-³- D-W-À-¶p-. ¯n-h-bv¡m-³- I-À-®-³- A-À- S-À¶- v AÀ- -Pp-\\³- - in-cw- F-¶- Hc- p- £{- Xnb- \\- v am{- Xtat- hZ\\- - Pp-\\t\\mSv B-h-iys¸Sp-¶p-. Ak- {v X¯- mÂ- - \\nc- mb- p[- \\- mb- - kln¡- m\\- mh- q- F¶- X- n\\- mÂ- - CX- Ã- msX asämcp- kab- ¯- pw- IÀ- ®- s\\ h[- n¡- p¶- X- mb- mW- v I-À-®-³- {_m-Ò-W-\\söv IÀ- ®- s\\ h[- n¡- m\\- mh- nsöv C-Xn-lm-k¯n-Â- {]-Xn-]m-Zn- At±l-¯n-\\v a-\\-Ên-em-bn-. Ad- nb- ma- mb- nc- p¶- - {ioI- rj- Wv - ¡p-¶-Xv. At±lw- I-À-®s\\ i-]n-¨p-, `K- h- m³- ,- IÀ- ®- s\\ h[- n¡- m³- - \"\"\\n\\- ¡- mh- i- ya- pÅ- k- ab- ¯- v C-u- hn-Zy-a-d-¶pt]mIs«''. F-¶m-Â- Xm-³- £-{Xn-b-\\ söpw- kqX- ]- p{- X\\- msW¶pw- IÀ- ®- ³- - Kpc- ph- nt\\mSv ]d- ª- p. Im-Â-¡-Â-ho-Wt]£n-¨p-. a-\\-Êen-ª- Kp-cp-im-]w- Xn- cns¨Sp¡- nsöpw- ]I- c- w- \"\"hn- P-bm-kv{Xw-'' A-`y-kn-¸n-¡m- sa¶pw- ]-d-ªp-. ]n-¶o-Sv Ip-cpt£{X-bp-²w- A-\\n-hm-cy-am-b-ka-b-¯v bp-²-¯n-\\m-bn- l-kvXn-\\-]‑p- cn-bn-Â- I-À-®-³- F-¯n-. B- t- hfb- nÂ- - IÀ- ®- s\\ kao]- n¨- v Ip´- otZhn- C{- ]I- mc- w- ]d- b- p- Ib- pï- mb- n;- IÀ- ®- ³- - ]mW- Uv - h³- a- mc- psS t- PyjTv \\- ms\\¶pw- X-sâ ]p-{X-\\ms\\¶pw-. F-¶m-Â- kp-lr-¯m-b- Zpt- cym[-\\s\\ -ssIhn-Sm-³- km- [n-¡nsöpw- A-À-Pp-\\-³- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 93

t]m- cm «w H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 94

aW¯cntbmfw t]ms¶mcp aÕyw IS¯nctbmSv Häbv¡v s]mcpXn \\n¶p. Sn. ]n. cmPoh³

Aisha Ismail (Physical Science ) i-Ðw- C-{X-bpw- hm-Nm- Hmtcm I-em-e-b-§-fpw- am-dn- am-b- Iptd a-Ö-bpw- amw-k bm-Â- B- am-ä-¯n-sâ atä e-am-b- C-u- -temI-¯v, A-ä-¯v \\-½psS -tZi-¯v ]n‑ W- vU§- f- pw- am{- Xa- mb- h- sc Np-h-¸v \\m-S-I-fn-Â- Ip-Sp- \\n-i-Ð-X-bv¡v -sXÃpw- §p-¶- \\‑nthZ-\\-§-Ä- C-\\n- ]-S-¨n-d-¡p-I- am-{X-a-Ã- -sN¿p- bpw- Ip-¶p-Iq-Sp-Itbbp-Åp-. A-h-kctam km-[y-Xtbm Bi- b- §- f- pw- kz`- mh- h- pw- cq]- ¶-Xv. a-dn-¨v C-cp-]-¯nsb- oI- c- nt¡ï- Nne- À- - Bi- b- §- Ä- - C-Ãm-¯- C-u- `qtKmf-¯n-Â-, AS- nt¨Â¸- n¡- ph- m\\- p‑ w- kz`- m- m¶mw- \\q-äm-ïn-epw- H-«pw- hs¯ Xp-¶ntNÀ-¡p-hm-\\ \\n-i-Ð-am-bpw- X-tâX-Ãm-¯- pw- Xp-S-§pt¼mÄ- bm-{´n-I- apt¶m«v N-en-¡m-¯-, B-i-b-§-fp-am-bpw- Po- kXn-bn-epw- A-bn-¯-¯n- hnt¡ïn- h-cp-Isb¶-Xv epw- I-®pw- hm-bpw- -s] A-kl-\\o-b-am-Wv. hn-Zym- m¯n- B-Ú-bv¡v am-{Xw- k¼-¶-cm-b- kv-t\\m_p-Isf Im¯- p- \\n¶- v iÐ- w- ]pd- ¯- p- hn- ]S- ¨- nd- ¡- p¶- - s- I«nS- §- f- mb- n- «nc- p¶- - Hc- p- Ime- s¯ Xnc- n¨- p- H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 96

km-aq-ln-I- Po-hn-bm-Im-³- hn-Zym-`ym-k¯n-eqsS am-{Xta I-gn-bq- F-¶v D-u-¶n- ]-d-bpt¼mgpw- am-ä-§sfbpw- A-`n-{]‑m-b- hy-Xym-k§sfbpw- kz-X-zt¯bpw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡m-¯- hn-Zy- F-´p- X-cw- k-tµi-am-Wv apt¶m«v h-bv¡p-¶-Xv F-¶v Nn-´nt¡ï- ka-bw- A-Xn-{I-an-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p-. s- Imïph- c- pI- b- pw- IqS- nb- mW- v tabv¡v Im-c-W-§-Ä- a-\\-Ên- Xo{- ha- mb- - apJ- a- p{- ZI- f- nÃ- msX emI- m¯- - Nne- - [mc- W- I- f- psS A¶- v Cu- - s- NbvXn-Isf \\‑mw- -sN¿p-¶-Xv. km-aq-ln-I- Po- AS- nk- vYm\\- ¯- ntem, t- aÂI- p- hn-e-bn-cp-¯p-I-bn-Ã-. A-Xn- dn-¨- i-Ð- ho-Nn-I-fn-Â- A-kz- \\m-Â- \\‑mw- Nn-´nt¡ï. hn-bm-Im-³- hn-Zym-`ym-k¯n- kvY-cmtbm, ap-¶n-en-cn-¡p-¶- t- hcpI- Ä- - Fs´¶v \\m‑ w- ]p‑ \\- - \\msfb‑psS {]-Xo-£-Isf ch- temI\\- w- s- Nt- ¿ïX- ntÃ.. eqsS am-{Xta I-gn-bq- F-¶v X-cw- Xn-cn-¡pt¼mgpw- A-Sn- Xn-cp-¯-ep-I-Ä- hm-¡psIm- ¨-a-À-¯pt¼mg‑pw- C-¶pw tïm im-k\\w- -sIm-tïm D-u-¶n- ]-d-bpt¼mgpw- -a-e-bm-fn-I-fn-Â- -s]‑mSn-]‑n- H-cp- ]‑p-©n-cnsIm-tïm Sn-¨p-In-S-¶- Nn-e- A-[n- B-Im-am-bn-cp-¶- \\m-fp-I- am-ä-§sfbpw- A-`n-{]‑m-b- Im-c- at\\‑m`m-h-§-fnse fn-Â- am-ä-¯n-sâ i-Ð-§sf H-fn-ªp-In-S-¡p-¶- A-S-bm-f- A-S-¡n-¸n-Sn-¡msX A-hsb hy-Xym-k§sfbpw- kz-X-z §-Ä- ]-I-À-¯nsbSp-¡m-\\m- -t\\cm-b- D-u-À-Pw- ]-I-À-¶v- Ipw-. ku-µ-cy-]‑n-W-¡-§-fm- tNÀ-¯p- ]n-Sn-¨n-cps¶¦n-Â- t¯bpw- AwK- oI- c- n¡- m¯- - hn- bn- ]-et¸mgpw- \\‑mw- hn-«p-I-f- ]n-¶o-Sv B-bn-cw- i-cn-I-Ä- bp¶- - C¯- c- w- s- Ndnb- - Ah- K- - D-ïm-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶ntÃ! Zy- F-´p- X-cw- k-tµi-am-Wv W-\\-I-fpw- A-\\o-Xn-I-fp-am-Wv Ne- n¡- p¶- - Xqe- nI- b- v¡pw- ]d- - ]‑n-¶o-Sv D-¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-§-Ä- bp-¶- hm-¡p-I-Ä-¡pw- aq-À-¨- apt¶m«v h-bv¡p-¶-Xv F-¶v -t]dpt¼mÄ- C-u- kaq-lw- Iq-Sp-X-emsW¶- Xn-cn-¨-dn-hv Xn-cnsI \\-Â-Ip-¶-Xv. ]t£ \\mw- F-hnsS-tbm a-d-¨p-h-¨- Nn´- nt¡ï- kab- w- AX- n{- I- Xnc- nsI e`- n¡- p¶- h- b- ¡v v \\m‑ w- Xm-Iptam? -ssI¡q-en- Ft¶m -sshcm- an-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p-. C-¶pw- i-Ðw- Ky-_p-²n-bnse ]m-]-§-Ä- Ft¶m A-{I-an-I-Ä- Ft¶m Ak- zm`- mh- nI- h- pw- Xmt´m¶n- km-aq-ln-I- hn-]-¯v Ft¶m ]-d-bp-¶p-. F-¦n-Â- C-Xn-sâ- ¯c- h- pa- mb- n- am{- Xw- ImW- p¶- - sbÃmw- A-Sn-kvYm-\\w- -sNdp- kaq-l-am-bn-cp-¶- hotSm Ig- nª- pt]m‑ b- Xe- a- pd- b- psS, I-em-e-btam BsW¶v Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡m-³- \\mw- X-¿m- Hc- p- \\yq\\- ]- £- w- hc- p¶- - A[- ym- dm-hp-I-bn-Ã-. at\\m-tcmK-¯n- sât- bm Al- ¦- mc- ¯- ns- ât- bm ]\\- ¯- n\\- p- Iog- nÂ- - hmb- pw- Xq- en-I-bpw- ]‑n-Sn-¨psI«n-bpw-, ]‑ns¶bpw- N-en-¡p-¶-hsb Np-h-¶- a-jn- -sImïv Xp- ¶ns¡«n-bpw- -sImïp- t- ]m‑ Ipt¼mÄ- F§- s\\bmW- v \\qX- \\- h- pw- kmt¦XnI- h- pa- mb- - H-cp- ]‑p-dw temI-¯nte¡v hm-Xm-b-\\-§-Ä- Xp-d-¡s¸Sp- ¶sX¶- kw-i-bw- _m-¡n- bm-Wv. I-em-e-b-§-fm-Wv B-Zyw- Xp-d-¶- kaq-lsa¶v D-u-¶n-¸-d-ª- a-\\-im- kv{Xs¯ -t]mepw- -sXÃpw- h-I-h-bv¡msX, B- Np-a- cp-I-Ä-¡p-Ån-Â-Xs¶ ]‑p-d H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 97

Revathy A. R. (Physical Science ) t]mcm-Sm-¯- a-\\p-jy-À- Po-hn-X-¯nse ]-e- ]-co- BtWm \\-ap-¡v BtWm \\-ap-¡n-S-bn-Â-. X-sâ I-¿n-Â- \\n-¶pw- ho-Wp- -s]‑m«n-b- Nn- £-W-§-fpw- A-Xn-Po-hn- s- Xäp- ]ä- nb- X- v? t- NmZy§- sf Ãp-]m-{Xw- -t]m-se Po-hn-Xw- ¡m-¯-h-À- \\-ap-¡p- Np- \\ã- s¸«p- F¶- pI- c- pX- p¶- h- À- .- äpw- \\n-d-ªp- \\n-Â-¡p-¶-Xv -t\\cn-Sm-\\‑pw- Nn-´-I-Ä- am-äm- kz-´w- -ssI¡p-Ån-Â- X-sâ ]e- t¸mgpw- \\½- Ä- - ImW- msX Poh- nX- w- \\nÂ- ¡- msX t- ]m‑ Ip- t- ]mIp¶- p.- Xs- â \\nÊ- lmb- m- \\p-ap-Å- -ss[cyw- \\mw- Im- ¶p- F-¶p- -tXm¶p-¶-h-À-. h-kvY-bn-Â- H-¶pw- -sN¿m-³- kaq-l-¯n-sâ ]-cn-lm-kw- Ig- nb- m¯- h- À- .- kaql- ¯- ns- â Wnt¡ï- ka-bw- A-Xn-{I- -tI«pw- I-ïpw- a-Sp-¯-h-À-. cq-£-am-b- -t\\m«-hpw- Ip- C-hscm¶pw- C-u- -t]‑mcm-«- äs¸Sp¯- e- pw- A\\- p`- h- n¡- p¶- - an-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p-. ¯n-Â- ]s¦Sp-¡msX `q-an- hÀ- .- kam[- m\\- h- pw- kt- ´mj- bn-Â- \\n-¶pw- A-h-cpsS hpw- \\ntj[n-¡s¸«-h-À-, F-Ãm- a-\\p-jy-cpsSbpw- Po- t- hZ\\- I- f- nÂ- - \\n¶- pw- apà- c- m- Xm-³- H-¶p-asö- -tXm¶-Â- Im³- - B{- Kl- n¨- p- Hc- p- \\na- nj- w- D-ïm-hp-¶-h-À-. a-\\-Ên-sâ hn-Xw- H-cp-t- ]m-seb-Ã-. s- Imïv FÃ- mw- Ah- k- m\\- n¸- n- Xm-fw- -sXän-b-h-À-. A-§s\\ ¡m-³- X-¿m-dm-Ip-¶p-. C-Xn-\\v \\nc- h- [- n- a\\- pj- y- lrZ- b- §- Ä- .- F-Ãm-h-cpw- hy-Xy-kvX-am-b- Hmtcm a-\\p-jy-À-¡pw- hy-Xy- C-u- a-\\p-jy-lr-Z-b-§sf Xn- kXv a- mb- - Imc- W- §- Ä- - BW- .v cn-¨-dn-bm-\\‑pw- A-Xn-sâ `m- km-l-N-cy-¯n-eqsSbpw- Po-hn-Xsa¶p- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv cw- h-ln-¡m-\\‑pw- I-gn-bmsX Xs¶ hyX- yk- Xv w- BW- tÃm! -t]‑mIp-¶- ‑kaq-lw-. A-h-km- Nn-´-I-fn-eqsSbpw- A-\\p- C-§s\\ Po-h-³- Dt]£n-¡p- \\w- Cu- - \\nÊ- lmb- - a\\- pj- yÀ- - ¶h- c- psS Poh- nX- ¯- nÂ- - Hc- p]- Xs- â `mc- ta‑ dnb- - lrZ- b- ¯ns- â `-h-§-fn-eqsSbpw- I-S- t£ H-cp- -t]‑mcm-«-¯n-sâ i-zm-kw- kz-bw- A-h-km-\\n-¸n- A-S-bm-fw- -t]‑mepw- Im-Wm-³- ¡pt¼mÄ- hn-e-]n-¡m-\\pw- ¶p- -t]‑mIp-¶-h-cm-Wv. km-[n-¡p-I-bn-Ã-. Po-hn-X-am- NÀ- ¨- sN¿m\\- p‑ w- aÕ- cn¡- p¶- - Ip-¶- ]-co-£-bn-Â- -t]‑mcm- kaq-lw-. F-hnsSbm-Wv Poh- nX- w- s- hfn¨- h- pw- AÔ- I- m- Sm-³- i-àntbm -ss[cytam -sXäv ]-äp-¶-Xv. A-h-À-¡v c-hpw- \\n-d-ª-Xm-Wv. A-Ô- Im-c-¯ns\\Xnsc -t]‑mcm-Sn- bm-Wv a-\\p-jy-À- A-h-cpsS Po-hn-X-¯n- shfn-¨w- \\n-d- bv¡p-¶-Xv. C-u- -t]mcm-«- ¯n-\\v B-ß-hn-i-zm-khpw-, Zr-V-\\n-Ý-b-hpw-, -ss[cy-hpw- Xo-À-¨-bm-bpw- B-h-iy-am-Wv. F-¶m-Â- Nn-e-À- -t]‑mcm-Sm-³- X-¿m-dm-Ip-¶n-Ã-. t]‑mcm-S- Wsa¶v Xn-cn-¨-dn-bm-¯-h- cpw- t- ]mcm«- w- ]I- pX- n¡- p- h¨- v Dt]£n-¡p-¶-h-cp-ap-ïv H-ä-¨p-h-Sv * -tIm-tfPv am-K-kn-³- 2021 -23 * 98