Class 2 - Term 2 - PRIME YEARS

We can identify the profession from the uniform. School Dress Army Chef Security Guard Police 101 Postman Airhostess

Nurse Doctor Bus Driver Firemen Navy Traffic Police 102

Materials used for making clothes. Clothes are made from fibres. Fibres are either natural or man-made. Cotton : Cotton is obtained from cotton plant. It is first made into fine thread called yarn. The yarn is made into cloth by wearing. Weaving is done in a loom. Fibre Natural Man-made Wool Cotton Silk Polyester Nylon Wool : Wool is obtained from sheep. Sheep is sheared and the wool collected is made into yarn. The yarn is knitted to make sweaters, scarfs, caps, etc Silk : Silk is obtained from silk worm. The silk worm makes a fibre around it and sleeps inside. It is called cocoon.The fibre is taken out and made into yarn. It is then made into cloth by weaving. 103 Synthetic fibres : They are man made Fibres. They are made from chemicals. The fibres are made into yarns which are woven into cloth. Synthetic cloth dry faster. Cotton plant

1. Your teacher will show you different cloth materials. Observe them keenly and feel the texture. What differences do you find? Discuss in group and write them down. Compare it with the differences teacher gives. Cotton Wool Silk Synthetic fibres Rough No shine Thin or thick Cannot see A single fibre breaks easily when stretched Rough No shine Thick Breaks when pulled strongly Breaks when pulled strongly Smooth Shines Thin Very smooth Shines Very thin Doesn’t break through it well through it well through it well through Cannot see Cannot see Can see 104 2. Collect specimens of different kinds of cloth and stick in your note book. Write their names. 3. Ha ve a fashion show in the class. Wear dresses made of different materials to the class. Each one talks about the dress, the material of which it is made and the merits of the dress.

Season and clothes 105 In summer : People prefer cotton clothes. Cotton clothes allow air to pass through and is able to remove sweat so we feel comfortable. In winter : We wear woollen clothes. They don’t allow air passage. So the body is kept warm. On raining days : We wear rain coats. They prevent the dresses and body from getting wet.

1. Fibre - Fine hair like substance 2. Profession - job 3. Synthetic - Not natural - Made by man 4. Loom - a machine used for making cloth 5. Specimen - sample 6. Knitting - making dresses from a single fibre using a needle 1. Name the materials used for making clothes. 2. Name 3 natural fibres. 3. Name 2 synthetic fibres. 4. How is silk made? 5. How do we get wool? Which one is different? Circle that. a. Cotton, Silk, Wool, Nylon b. Saree, Salwar Kurtha, Shervani, Kimono c. Dhoti, Saree, Skirt, Salwar kurtha d. Scarf, Sweater, Gloves, Kerchief 106

Name the following: a. It is a natural fibre and it has shine ___________ b. This fibre is preferred in summer ___________ c. This yarn is knitted to make dresses ___________ d. This is a fibre obtained from plant ___________ e. These clothes are worn only on special occasions ___________ f. This fibre is synthetic ___________ 107

You will have different kinds of dresses. Which one do you like the most ? Why do you like it? Write in about 5 lines. 108

Contents 1. Type of Houses......................110 2. My School ..............................118 3. Means of Recreations........... 124 4. Means of Transport .............. 127 6. Good Habits.......................... 131 Class 2 Term 2

Types of Houses Look at these different kinds of houses Hut House with tiled roof Concrete house Sloping roof house Tent Stilt Houses Caravan Houseboat Bungalow Ancient Row House Castle Apartment 110

We all need house. The type of house depends on the need, climate and also social status. Many people live in clay houses with thatched roof. It is less expensive and easy to build. But they are pulled down by storm and rain. Stone and brick : Houses built with brick and stone are stronger and can with stand strong wind and rain. Houses with sloping roof They are found mostly on hill slopes and places having heavy rainfall. Sloping roofs help to drain out water and also to reduce the heat inside. Wooden houses : These are found in places where wood is available in plenty – forest ares and mountain regions. In Japan wooden houses are common. It is because earthquakes are very frequent there. Houseboats : These are houses that float on water. They are built of light wood and bamboos. They are common in places surrounded by water. Houseboats are common in Kashmir and Kerala. 111 Brick Houses Wooden House Houseboat

Tents : Made of polythene sheets or canvas, found in the slums and army camps. Caravans : These are houses on wheels. They can be taken from place to place. Found in desert region where people are constantly on the move. Ancient row houses : In olden days people lived like a colony. They had houses built with common walls and central contyards. In villages we can see such houses even today. Bungalows : These are large independent houses mostly in two storeys with many rooms. Haveli : It is also like bungalows but larger than banglow with large spacious courtyards and rows of rooms. These are old buildings found in northern India. Castles : There are huge buildings built on hills or rocks. Palaces : Once upon a time kings lived in very beautiful buildings called palaces.There are palaces in Delhi, Jaipur, Mysore, Pune and other places, Mysore palace in india and Buckingham palace in London are well known. 112 Caravans Tents

Apartments : These are modern cluster houses. They vary from 3 to 10 storeys. Very tall structures are called sky scrappers. Each apartment has 20 – 200 Flats (houses). Igloos : There are houses made of ice. People who live in ice covered places build such houses. In Greenland, Eskimos build igloos. Stilt houses : In water logged areas and swampy places people build houses on stilt. These houses are built upon the support of strong poles. They use a ladder to climb into the house. Material Required For Building Houses Visit a construction site and find out the materials required for constructing a house. Write the names of the materials you find there 1. B __ __ __ k 2. C __ __ __ __ t 3. S __ __ d 4. I __ __ n 5. G __ __ n __ te 6. G __ __ s __ 7. W __ __ d 113 Igloo

Who are the people who help to build a house: 1. Engineer – who supervises the construction 2. Architect – who makes the plan of the house 3. Mason – who builds the house 4. Carpenter – who makes doors, windows and furniture 5. Electrician – who makes electrical connections for light, fan and others. 6. Plumber - who fits pipes for water connection. 7. Painter - who beautifies the house by applying distemper for walls and paints for doors and windows. 114 Engineer Carpenter Mason Architect Painter Plumber Electrican

Activity 1 : Collect photographs of different types of houses from newspapers or magazines and paste in your scrap book. Activity 2 : Do it as a whole class activity. Collect match boxes. Each student can bring one or two. Arrange them in a pattern to make the model of a wall. Follow the pattern given. This is how a wall of a house is built. (Note the position of the brick in each layer) Activity 3 : Use cartons to make model of any house you like. Do it as group activity. Each one brings one item for making the model. Activity 4: If you live in an independent house, draw your house and describe in 5 sentences. If you live in a flat, draw your apartment and describe it in 5 sentences. 115

1. Name the materials required for building a house. 2. What is the difference between bungalow and apartments ? 3. What is an igloo? 4. What are stilt houses? 5. Name 2 palaces which are well known? 6. Write the names of these houses: 1. Brick - Blocks made of clay 2. Stilt - Poles that support something 3. Storm - Strong wind 4. Sloping - Not level 116

Identify the house type: a. Built of clay __________________ b. A house with many rooms and a large courtyard ______________ c. A house built of ice __________________ d. A house that floats in water __________________ e. A large building on the hill top or rock __________________ 1. What do they do ? a. Architect ________________ b. Mason ________________ c. Carpenter ________________ d. Plumber ________________ 2. Where do you find these a. Houseboats ________________ b. Stilt houses ________________ c. House with sloping roof ________________ d. Igloo ________________ e. Tent ________________ 117

My School 118 All children go to school. Why do they go to school? They go to school to acquire knowledge and skills. They also learn good manners and good habits in the school. Schools help to mould the character of the individual. Schools help to identify the talents in the individual and encourage to develop them. What are the different activities in the schools? Children learn languages, mathematical skills and various other subjects.

119 There are teachers to teach sports, drawing and painting, dance, music and such others. Schools also give training in discipline. Most schools have playgrounds, library, art rooms and science laboratories. Everyday there is assembly. During assembly, there are prayers followed by principal’s address student’s speeches and sometimes cultural programmes. National festivals are celebrated in the schools. Independence Day, Republic Day, Gandhi Jayanthi, Teacher’s day and Children’s day are the important national festivals. Do you celebrate any other festival in your school? Find out from your teacher what is the importance of children’s day and teacher’s day? 2 +5 ------ 7 10 +10 ------ 20

120 1. Acquire - get 2. Address - speech (here) 3. Talent - inborn ability to do certain specific tasks. 4. Identify - find or notice. 1. Why do children go to school? 2. What are the different activities in a school? 3. Why do schools have assembly in the morning? 4. What are the national festivals celebrated in the schools? Some statements are applicable to all schools but a few are applicable to only some schools. Identify the statements applicable to all schools. 1. There is a playground. 2. There is library. 3. There is a dining hall. 4. There is assembly and prayer in the morning. 5. Sports classes are conducted daily. 6. There are classrooms. 7. Art and craft classes are part of the studies.

Fill in the blanks with correct words. 1. Schools help to _________________ __________________ of the individual. 2. Schools help to _________________ __________________ in the individual. 3. Everyday there is _________________ in the morning. 4. _________________ are celebrated in the school. Activity 1: 1. Paste the photograph of your school campus in the space provided. 2. Write the name of your school as it appears in the school diary. Use different colours for each letter. 121

122 4. Write 5 lines about your class teacher. _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 5. Write 5 activities you do in school. Who conducts these activities? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Activity 2: Draw the sketch of your classroom as you visualize it. Don’t take help from anyone. 3. What is the logo of your school? Draw it here. What does it mean? Find out from your teacher.

123 Activity 3: Your teacher will write the school prayer on the blackboard. Copy and write the prayer in four ruled paper. Activity 4: 1. Describe your school uniform. Shirt: __________________ Skirt/trousers: __________________ Shoes: __________________ Belt: __________________ Tie (if any): __________________ Paste your photograph in school uniform. 2. Write the names of the festivals you celebrate in school. Ask your teacher for correct spellings. (Write only the festivals that you celebrate) 1. _____________________________ 2. _____________________________ 3. _____________________________ 4. _____________________________

Means of Recreation Recreation means entertaining oneself. Recreation reduces the boredom of work and refreshes the mind. It is essential to have a little recreation amidst work. What are the means of recreation that you have? Participating in games and sports, and watching them are recreational activities. Similarly, taking part in music and dance, watching or listening to them are recreational activities too. 124 Watching TV Reading Book Painting Dancing Eating Skating Playing

1. What are your favorite recreations? _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 2. Do you go out for picnic? Which is your favourite picnic spot? _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 3. Do you go out to eat? Which are your favourite eateries? _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 4. Which TV programme do you like the most? _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 5. Do you read books? Name a few characters you have come across in books that you have read? _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 125 Same is the case with art and craft. You can create things and also watch what others have done in order to entertain yourself.

Which of the following are recreational activities ? tick them. 1. Cooking for family 2. Going for picnic 3. Watching a movie 4. Studying for examination 5. Taking bath 6. Attending parties 7. Going to school What are your favourite recreations? Write a short paragraph about it 126

Means of Transport We need transport to go to different places. We use motorcycles, autorickshaws, cars or buses to travel within cities. Aeroplane: To travel to far away places, we need trains or airplanes. We send materials to other countries through ships or planes. Materials so sent are called cargo. We can travel all over the world by an airplane. Air India is the government owned company that operates airplanes in India. There are private companies too in India which operate planes, such as Jet Airways, Spice Jet, Indigo etc. 127 Train: In India, trains are operated by the Indian railways. Trains run on railway tracks.

Bus: Buses are operated by respective Road Transport Corporations. 128 We call them RTC buses. There are buses meant for: a. Travelling within cities. b. Travelling within the state. c. Interstate travel. They travel between different states. There are ordinary buses, sleepers, AC coaches and AC sleepers. Ship: Ships are of two classes- Naval ships which carry soldiers. These are called INS or Indian Naval Ships and merchant ships which carry cargo and passengers. Some ships even carry airplanes. INS Vikrant is the largest Aircraft carrier of India. There are airplanes that carry soldiers. They are called IAF or Indian Air Force planes.

129 1. Fill in the blanks a. In India, trains are operated by _______________ b. Air India operates ___________ c. Government buses in India are called _____________ d. Merchant ships carry ___________ and _________ e. Naval ships are called ____________________ f. IAF means ____________________________ g. The largest aircraft carrier of India is _______________ 2. Name some private airlines operating in India. 3. What is the full form of RTC ? Cars: They are used to travel by road. There are many brands of cars. Find out the names of a few brands. a. ______________________ b. ______________________ c. ______________________ d. ______________________ e. ______________________ Maruthi Suzuki

130 Activity: 1 If you have travelled by plane, write down what you have to do before boarding the plane as soon as you reach the airport. The first thing is: 1. Go to the counter of the airlines with which you have booked the ticket and obtain your boarding pass. 2. _______________________________________ 3. _______________________________________ 4. _______________________________________ 5. _______________________________________ Activity 2: You might have travelled by train many times. Mention 5 things that you see at a railway station. 1. _______________________________________ 2. ________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________ 4. ______________________________________ 5. ______________________________________

Good Habits SCENE 1 Mom ! What are good habits? Child ! good habits are essential to grow healthy and wise. How mom? Please explain. Getting up early in the morning and standing out watching the rising sun refreshes your mind. Early morning sunlight is good for health. Is it! Playing out gives physical exercise. It is good for health. So make it a habit to play out for one hour daily. That’s good. I like playing. Everyday revise the lessons taken in the class and finish all the homework. That is very boring. But I will do it. Will you allow me to watch TV? 131

Don’t get addicted to T.V. You can watch selected programs on TV. O! That is nice. You should get ready yourself for the school. Everyday you should be punctual. Never be late. That I will take care. Don’t throw your things everywhere. Your things should be in its proper place. Keep your study table well arranged. So also your clothes cupboard. Shoes must be in the rack, your school bags and books must be in your cup board, dresses must be in the allotted place. Do I have to do all that? Yes, you have to. You are a grown up boy now. Not only that. You have to do many more things. Eat your meals promptly on time. Have all the vegetables. Have a fruit along with every meal. 132

But you don’t allow us to eat out. Outside food is not good for health. Food from fast food centres are unhygienic. Even if you eat from restaurants, the type of food you order lack nutrients and contain more fats. Do you mean we should not eat outside at all? Once in a while OK. But not often. Mom, my friends bring money from home and buy eatables from school canteen and from outside. Why do their parents allow that? Child, we parents are there to look after all your needs. Then why do you need pocket money? If any guests or relatives gift you money, put it in a piggy bank. It will be of use for you to buy school books or other things for your school work. I think you are right mom. Another thing I want to tell you. Telling lies is a bad habit. One lie will lead you to a chain of lies. Always tell the truth. Why do people tell lies? People tell lies because they don’t have the courage to tell the truth. We should not tell lies, come what may. 133

SCENE 2 Good morning, children. Today we are going to learn about good manners. Can you tell about some good manners? We must wish each other in the morning when we meet. Good. Very good. While receiving gifts or when some one helps us we should say ‘Thank you’. When someone says 'Thank you', we must say ‘you are welcome’. 134 We should ask ‘May I come in’ before entering a class when lesson is going on.

When you want something to tell the teacher or elders, first say ‘excuse me’ Very good. There are many more. While playing, don’t enter into fight with each other. If accidentally you hurt someone, say ‘Sorry’. Don’t use indecent words while talking. Ma'am, may I tell one more ‘Good Manners’ Yes. When guests come to our house, we should greet them. We must talk politely to elders. Ma'am, we should not litter the class room. Ma'am, we should stand in attention when National Anthem is sung. Very good children. You know everything about good manners. You also have to practise them. 135

1. What is the advantage of getting up early in the morning? 2. Why should you play games? 3. How can we refresh ourselves? 4. Why should we not eat from fast food centres? 5. When someone helps us or gives a gift, what should we tell? 6. When you want to tell something to your teacher, how will you start? 7. Mention things you should not do while playing? • There are two scenes in the lesson divide the class into two groups and enact the scene. • The roles of mother – child can be repeated by different pairs of students. If you know more about good habits and good manners, write them down in your note book and read out in the class. 136 • Make two display chart of good habits and good manners. • Do it as group work.

Contents 1. Famous Indian Cities .............. 138 2. Sportsmen of India.................. 142 3. State Capitals .......................... 146 Class 2 Term 2

Names of famous Indian cities Look at the map of India and locate these cities. They are famous because of people, monuments or other buildings. Present name Old name Importance Delhi Patna Varanasi Amritsar Indraprastha Capital of many kings right from the times of the Mahabharata. Pataliputra Capital of old kingdom called Magadha. Kasi Banaras Holy place of the Hindus famous for Viswanath temple. Famous for Golden Temple, a famous place of worship for the Sikhs. - Pink city Famous for its palaces. Jaipur - Famous for Jagannath Temple. Puri - 138

Capital of Madhya Pradesh. Many industries are located here. Bhopal - Kolkata Kalighat Capital of British India; well known for its cricket stadium Eden Gardens. Kalighat Mumbai Commercial city of India. Lucknow Many Mughal monuments; Capital of Uttar Pradesh Hyderabad Bhagyanagar Capital of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana Famous for Charminar and Golconda fort Chennai Madras Famous for Marina Beach, snake park, industries. Bangalore Bengaluru Capital of Karnataka; Known for its parks; called the garden city of India; centre of IT industry in India. Chandigarh Capital of Punjab and Haryana; known for its rock garden. Bombay Audh - 139

Identify these structures. Write in which city are they located. 140

Name the city a. Capital of India ____________ b. It is known as the Pink City ____________ c. Golden temple is situated here ____________ d. It is famous for its rock gardens ____________ e. It was earlier known as Madras ____________ f. It is the biggest industrial city of India ____________ g. It is called the Garden City ____________ 1. Give the present name of these cities: a. Varanasi ____________ b. Bhagyanagar ____________ c. Pataliputra ____________ d. Kalighat ____________ 2. Identify the city a. Eden Gardens – the famous cricket stadium is here ___________ b. Famous Viswanath temple is here ____________ c. It is known for its gardens and parks. Now, it is the centre of the IT industry ______________ d. Red Fort is situated here ___________ 141

Sportsmen of India Sachin Tendulkar, Cricket Sunil Gavaskar, Cricket Milkha Singh, Athletics Narain Karthikeyan, Car racing 142 Why are sports important? Sports help to keep the body fit. There is a saying “ A healthy mind exists in a healthy body”. Sports and games also requires intelligence and skills. That is why they are given importance. Let’s know some of the outstanding sportsmen of india.

Kapil Dev, Cricket Yuvaraj Singh, Cricket Mahesh Bhupathi, Tennis 143 Vijender Singh, Boxing PT Usha, Athletics Saina Nehwal, Badminton

Match the sportsmen with the game/sport they are famous for a. Sunil Gavaskar Car racing ( ) b. Karnam Malleshwari Athletics ( ) c. N. Karthikeyan Chess ( ) d. P.T. Usha Cricket ( ) e. Viswanathan Anand Weight lifting ( ) 144 Viswanathan Anand, Chess M.S. Dhoni, Cricket Rahul Dravid, Cricket Mary Kom, Boxing Karnam Malleshwari, Weight Lifting

With which game/sport are the following personalities connected? a. Saina Nehwal __________ b. MS. Dhoni __________ c. Milkha Singh __________ d. Mary Kom __________ e. Vijender Singh __________ 1. Which is your favourite sport? Why do you like it? Write in a few lines. 2. Who is your favourite sports star? Stick their photograph in your note book. Write 3-4 lines about them. 145

State Capitals You know that there are 29 states in India. Look at the political map of India. Locate the capital of each state. New Delhi is the capital of India. 146

147 1. Andhra Pradesh Amaravati 2. Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar 3. Assam Dispur 4. Bihar Patna 5. Chhattisgarh Raipur 6. Goa Panaji 7. Gujarat Gandhinagar 8. Haryana Chandigarh 9. Himachal Pradesh Shimla 10. Jammu & Kashmir Srinagar 11. Jharkhand Ranchi 12. Karnataka Bengaluru 13. Kerala Thiruvananthapuram 14. Madhya Pradesh Bhopal 15. Maharashtra Mumbai State Capital S. No.

16. Manipur Imphal 17. Meghalaya Shillong 18. Mizoram Aizawl 19. Nagaland Kohima 20. Odisha Bhubaneswar 21. Punjab Chandigarh 22. Rajasthan Jaipur 23. Sikkim Gangtok 24. Tamil Nadu Chennai 25. Telangana Hyderabad 26. Tripura Agartala 27. Uttarakhand Dehradun 28. Uttar Pradesh Lucknow 29. West Bengal Kolkata 148 State Capital S. No.

149 1. Write the capital of: a. Gujarat ____________________ b. Kashmir ____________________ c. Rajasthan ____________________ d. West Bengal ____________________ e. Madhya Pradesh ____________________ f. Odisha ____________________ 2. Write the state for which the following is the capital: a. Patna __________________________ b. Simla __________________________ c. Lucknow __________________________ d. Hyderabad __________________________ e. Mumbai __________________________ f. Bengaluru __________________________ g. Chennai __________________________ h. Thiruvananthapuram __________________________

150 1. Write the names of the state capitals beginning with letter B. 2. Write the names of the three state capitals beginning with letter S. 3. Put in jumbled letters correctly to get the names of the states. Write their capitals. a. R M K S A H I _______________ b. A T A N J S R A H _______________ c. A S A M S _______________ d. M I K S I K _______________ 4. Which is your state? What is the name of its capital city? _______________ _______________