CLASS 1 - Term 2 - PRIME YEARS

51 Add vertically : 1. 3 7. 6 +4 + 3 ___ ___ 2. 8 8. 2 +2 + 3 ___ ___ 3. 5 9. 3 +5 + 5 ___ ___ 4. 4 10 6 +5 + 4 ___ ___ 5. 2 11 4 +3 + 3 ___ ___ 6. 7 12 5 +1 + 6 ___ ___

Subtraction - Single Digit Activity 1 : Sit in a circle. Count 10 pebbles and keep them in the middle of the circle. A student takes one pebble. Let another student count the pebbles remaining and tell it aloud – 9. In this fashion, each student should take one pebble from the centre until no pebbles remain. Every time a pebble is taken, a student should count the remaining pebbles and tell it aloud. Repeat the game 2 or 3 times. Activity 2 : Things needed : flowers, chocolates, biscuits, beads, pencils and pencil boxes etc. Keep 5 pencils on a table. One student is asked to take 2 pencils from the bunch. How many pencils are left ? The class should answer it in chorus. We write it as 5 - 2 = 3 ( ‘ – ‘ is the symbol for taking away or subtraction ). Repeat the same with other objects. 52

6 - 2 = 4 10 - 3 = 7 53 Activity 3 : Your teacher has two transparent (thick polythene) sheets with her. Two apples are drawn in one sheet and one apple on the other sheet. When put together there are three apples. She calls one student from the class and asks him/her to remove one of the sheets. 3 - 1 = 2 The class will tell what is remaining. Keep the sheets together again. Now, another student will remove the other sheet. 3 - 2 = 1 What is left now ? The class should answer. Repeat it with two more subtraction facts. Activity 4 : Sit in a circle. You need cards showing subtraction and the corresponding subtraction facts on different cards spread on the floor. Each one holds a subtraction card. You need to select the subtraction facts card from the floor corresponding to the subtraction card you have in your hand.

Activity 5 : Your teacher will write subtraction facts on the blackboard. You have to draw pictures to show the corresponding subtraction fact. You can draw any object that you like. For example : pencils, flowers, stars, fish, apples etc. Example : 4 - 3 = 1 (subtraction fact) Draw picture cards for the following subtraction facts : 1. 5 - 2 = _______ 2. 7 - 5 = _______ 3. 10 - 8 = _______ 4. 10 - 6 = _______ 5. 9 - 5 = _______ Subtraction by Backward Counting 1. 5 - 3 : Draw 5 balls - Now, count 3 steps backward from 5 and cut off three balls. 2 balls remain. The answer is 2. You can use fingers to count backward. 54 Independent

2. 6 - 4 : Draw 6 strokes - Count 4 steps backward from 6 and cut off 4 strokes. 2 strokes remain. The answer is 2. Do the following subtractions counting backward to cancel the strokes: a. 8 - 4 = f. 7 - 5 = b. 7 - 2 = g. 5 - 4 = c. 6 - 5 = h. 8 - 5 = d. 4 - 4 = i. 9 - 4 = e. 10 - 10 = j. 6 - 6 = Subtraction with number line Example : 5-3. Draw a number line starting from 0 Start from 0 and draw an arc upto 5. Start from 5, count 3 steps back and draw an arc backward. It reaches 2. The answer is 2. Independent 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 55

Guided Subtract the following using number line: a. 6 - 6 = b. 8 - 3 = c. 8 - 5 = d. 7 - 6 = e. 6 - 4 = Do the following subtractions using number line. a. 8 - 4 = f. 8 - 3 = b. 8 - 8 = g. 3 - 3 = c. 4 - 4 = h. 6 - 2 = d. 5 - 4 = i. 7 - 4 = e. 6 - 4 = j. 10 - 8 = Story problem : 8 birds were sitting on a tree. 3 birds flew away. How many birds were left on the tree ? Solution : Number of birds number of birds that flew away, – i.e. : 8 - 3 = 5. Independent 56

Story problems : 1. 5 ducks were swimming in a lake. 3 went back to the shore. How many ducks remain in water? 2. Chutku had 9 chocolates. He gave 5 chocolates to Chutki. How many chocolates are left with him ? 3. Mummy hen laid 7 eggs. 5 eggs hatched into chicks. How many eggs did not hatch ? 4. Tom had saved 8 cheese slices. Jerry ate 3 of those slices when Tom went out. How many slices are now left with Tom ? Vertical Subtraction 1. 8 - 3. 8 -3 ___ 5 You can do it by counting backward. Open 8 fingers on your hand. Fold 3 of those fingers, counting backward- 7, 6, 5. Thus, the answer is 5. 57 Guided

Do the following using vertical subtraction. Count backward using fingers. 1. 7 2. 8 3. 7 4. 9 - 4 -2 -5 -6 ___ ___ ___ ___ 5. 10 6. 10 7. 9 8. 5 - 6 -4 -6 -5 ___ ___ ___ ___ 1. Cheeku brought 8 nuts. Meeku ate 3 of those nuts. How many nuts are left ? Write the subtraction facts and show it through pictures. 2. There were 8 flowers in the garden. 4 flowers died. How many are left ? Write the subtraction fact. 3. Tom, the cat caught 3 mice and ate all of them. How many mice are left with Tom ? Write the subtraction fact. 4. Do the following subtraction by backward counting/using fingers : a. 10 b. 10 c. 9 d. 5 - 6 -4 -6 -5 ___ ___ ___ ___ 5. Do the following subtractions using number line : a. 6 - 6 b. 6 - 3 c. 5 - 4 58 1. Mother squirrel stored 5 chestnuts. Cheeku and Meeku added some nuts to it and now there are 9 chestnuts in all. How many chestnuts did Cheeku and Meeku bring ? Independent

Numbers 20-100 59 =10 = 11 = 12 = 2 tens = 20 = 2 tens + 1 = 21 =20 + 1 = 21 = 2 tens + 2 ones =20 + 2 = 22 = 2 tens + 5 ones =20 + 5 = 25 = 3 tens = 30 = 3 tens + 6 ones =30 + 6 = 36

= 5 tens = 50 = 10 tens = 100 Let us make numbers on the abacus. Red beads are for tens, and blue beads are for ones. 60 10 11 20 23 30 34 40 52 60 90 99 100 (one hundred)

= 20 = 24 = 32 = 50 Divide the class into 3 groups. One group is given a set of tens and ones cards. The second group is given the abacus. The third group is given the tens bundles. Let the groups make the numbers written on the board. 1. 19 2. 25 3. 39 4. 56 5. 83 6. 99 7. 100 Exchange the tools among the groups. Now, the groups shall make another set of numbers. Exchange the tools once again and make a third set of numbers. 61 Numbers with tens bundles

62 Independent Writing numerals 20 – twenty 40 – forty 21 – twentyone 50 – fifty 22 – twentytwo 60 – sixty 23 – twentythree 70 – seventy 24 – twentyfour 80 – eighty 25 – twentyfive 90 – ninety 26 – twentysix 100 – hundred 27 – twentyseven 28 – twentyeight 29 – twentynine 30 – thirty Write numerals from 40 to 50 ; 80 to 90 and 90 to 100 in words and figures. 40 – forty 80 - eighty 90 - ninety 41 – fortyone 81 - eightyone 91 - ninetyone

63 1. Write the number names for the following : a. 35 f. 83 b. 48 g. 93 c. 53 h. 100 d. 65 i. 32 e. 72 j. 28 2. Write the numbers shown in the abacus here. 3. Arrange beads on the abacus to show the given numbers. 28 82 93 39 4. Write the numbers shown by the combination here. a. = b. =

64 5. Write the numbers for the following combinations : a. 2 tens + 5 ones = _______ b. 3 tens + 8 ones = _______ c. 9 tens + 0 ones = _______ d. 8 tens + 5 ones = _______ e. 10 tens = _______ Order of numbers Write the numerals that come before and after : 30 40 50 45 36 72 99 A number that comes after a given number is the greater number.

65 Put or > < 30 40 60 59 35 40 100 99 18 25 50 40 48 50 35 36 70 45 56 55 Ascending and Descending Order See the tens digit of a number. The number with a greater tens digit is the greater number. Example : 75, 28, 42, 63. The number with the greatest tens digit is 75. The number with the next highest tens digit is 63, followed by 42 and 28. We can write : 28 42 63 75 < < < in ascending order. 75 63 42 28 > > > in descending order .

66 Independent The units digits in decreasing order are 8, 5, 3, 2 and 0. Thus, we can arrange numbers in that order : 40 42 43 45 48 < < < < in ascending order. 48 45 43 42 40 > > > > in descending order. 1. Put > or < : a. 32 31 d. 34 36 b. 43 40 e. 84 80 c. 58 85 1. Write the following groups of numbers in ascending and descending order : a. 42, 81, 63, 75 b. 32, 45, 80, 25 c. 81, 80, 86, 82 d. 55, 58, 56, 52 e. 21, 65, 54, 43 the tens digit is the same in all the numbers, look for the units digit. Example : 48, 40, 42, 43, 45.

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 7 28 9 30 31 32 33 34 35 6 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 67 2. Write in the ascending order : 28, 45, 46, 80 3. Write in the descending order : 30, 45, 38, 40, 54 4. Circle the largest number : 28, 32, 82, 75, 90, 28, 54 5. Circle the smallest number : 54, 28, 24, 40, 32, 21 Odd and Even Numbers Look at the unit's place of a number. Example : 2 0, 3 2, 4 6, 5 4, 7 8 are even digits If the units place has 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8, the number is even ; else, it is odd. Circle the even numbers in the groups below and write them separately : 1. 28, 35, 46, 93, 15, 52, 38 Even numbers _________________________ 2. 32, 48, 43, 65, 87, 96, 92, 74, 49, 83, 42, 55, 76 Even numbers _________________________ In the given grid, colour the even numbers.

68 Independent Addition of 2 digits numbers How do we add : 12 and 21 ? We do it by vertical addition. T U 1 2 Step 1 : add the ones using fingers or strokes. + 2 1 Step 2 : add the tens. _____ 3 3 Do the following additions : 1. 25 + 42 = 6. 34 + 23 = 2. 35 + 24 = 7. 24 + 42 = 3. 22 + 42 = 8. 15 + 24 = 4. 18 + 21 = 9. 28 + 31 = 5. 16 + 32= 10. 32 + 24= Subtraction of 2-digit numerals Example 1: 35 - 23. T U 3 5 Step 1 : subtract the ones using strokes or finger counting. -2 3 Step 2 : subtract the tens. _____ 1 2 Example 2: Subtract 23 from 38. T U 3 8 -2 3 _____ 1 5

1. Circle the even numbers : 22, 80, 45, 37, 43, 72, 60, 28, 35, 71, 85, 94, 32, 40 2. Add the following : a. 38 + 21 b. 40 + 57 c. 30 + 49 3. Subtract the first from the second : a. 30, 42 b. 22, 54 4. Out of Rs.44, Rs.23 was spent. How much money remains ? 5. To a basket containing 23 apples, 35 apples were added. What is the total number of apples in the basket now ? 69 Independent Do the following subtractions : 1. 48 - 25 2. 36 - 24 3. 54 - 31 Subtract the first from the second : 1. 35, 48 2. 40, 50 3. 15, 45

Activity 1 : Each student should have cutouts of a circle, a rectangle, and a paper strip. Your teacher demonstrates fractions by folding them into half and colouring one part. The coloured part is half. We can say that one out of the two parts is coloured . We write it as ½ Half = ½ Each student takes another set of cutouts of a circle, a rectangle, and a strip of paper. The teacher demonstrates how to fold them into half two times. Open them up. You will see that the papers are folded 4 times now. Colour one part of the papers. Now, one out of 4 parts is coloured. The coloured part is ¼ is called a quarter. A quarter is half of half. ¼ = half of ¼ ½ Paste these papers in your notebook. 70 Fractions

71 Activity 2 : Teacher cuts a fruit (banana, apple, or guava) into half. Each half is . ½ Teacher cuts the halves of fruits again into half. Each part is now half of a half, or a quarter. 1 quarter = half of a half. ¼ = half of ½. Activity 3 : Teacher keeps 8 chocolates in a line. One student is asked to pick up half the chocolates. How will you take half ? How many chocolates make half ? You can divide them into half by counting equal numbers from both the ends and drawing a line. As you will see, half of 8 chocolates = 4 chocolates. Now, keep the 4 chocolates in a line. Divide them into half again. Half of 4 chocolates are 2 chocolates. We can also say that 2 is a quarter of 8, since quarter is half of a half. ½ of 8 = 4 ¼ of 8 = 2 So, ½ of 4 = 2

72 1. What fraction is shaded in each of the figures ? 2. What fraction is shaded in each ? 3. What fraction is the shaded part ? 4. What fraction is the shaded beads ? 5. Shade : a. half ( ½ ) in the following figures. 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890

1. Fill half of a plastic glass with water. 2. Divide a heap of sand into two equal heaps. What fraction is each heap ? 3. Divide one of the two heaps again into half. What fraction is each heap now ? 4. Divide a given Kitkat chocolate bar equally among 4 students. What fraction does each student get ? 5. There are 6 gems in a bowl. Divide them into two equal parts. What is each part called ? How many gems are there in each part ? 73 b. Shade quarter ( ¼ ) in the following figures. c. Shade half the collection. d. Shade ¼ of the collection. e. Shade one half of the strip. f. Shade ¼ of the strip.

Cardinal - Ordinal Numbers Story 1: There is a running race in the Rampur Jungle. Come let’s go and watch. Mr. Jumbo, the elephant master, is conducting the race for his students. Who all are going to run the race ? Oh ! There is the Bunny rabbit, Spotty dog, the cunning fox, the jumpy frog and there is bear as well. That is not all. Our old friend tortoise is also participating. Jumbo master blows the whistle and the race begins. Who is going to reach the winning post first ? Watch ! Cunning fox is first. Jumpy frog is second. Bear is third. Bunny rabbit is fourth. Dog is fifth. Tortoise is last. 74

Story 2 : Teacher is checking the notebooks of children. Aruna Teja Kamala Roshan Cunning fox is first. Jumpy frog is second. Bear is third. Bunny rabbit is forth. Dog is fifth. Tortoise is last. Children are sitting in a line in front of her. Aruna is first from the teacher’s table. Teja is second from the teacher’s table. Kamala is third from the teacher's table. Roshan is fourth from the teacher's table. Who is the second ? .............................................. Who is the third ? ............................................. Who is the last ? ............................................. 75

Story 3 : In a singing competition held in the school. Aruna, Sameer and Jasmin won prizes. Which place was won by each ? 1. Which is the first day of the week ? _____________________ Name the second day of the week. _____________________ Name the third day of the week. _____________________ Name the fourth day of the week. _____________________ Name the fifth day of the week. _____________________ Name the seventh day of the week. _____________________ 2. First is written as 1 st Second is written as 2 nd Third is written as 3 rd Fourth is written as 4 th Fifth is written as _____ Eighth is written as _____ Sixth is written as _____ Ninth is written as _____ Seventh is written as _____ Tenth is written as _____ Aruna SECOND THIRD Jasmin Sameer FIRST 76

3. In the given train, colour the bogies according to the given instructions: a. First from the engine- green b. Second from the engine- blue. c. Third from the engine- yellow . d. Fourth from the engine- red . e. Fifth from the engine- brown . f. Last from the engine- pink . 4. Colour as directed. a. The 5 flower pink in the row from left. th b. Colour the 4 balloon yellow and 6 balloon red from right. th th 77

78 Skip Counting The numbers grow by 1 as you start counting from 1, if we skip 1 in between we get as shown : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Let us count every 3 number leaving the one in the middle. Leave the rd circled numbers and count the others. This is called counting by twos : 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 22 __ __ __ 30 __ __ __ __ 40 __ __ __ __ 50 __ __ __ __ 60 __ __ __ __ 70 __ __ __ __ 80 __ __ __ __ 90 __ __ __ __ 100 Activity 1: You have to take turns to do skip counting. First student says 2; the next says 4; the third one says 6, and so on. Continue the series till 100.

79 Counting by 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Leave the rounded numbers. We get 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 This is called counting by three's or 3's. Write the remaining numbers upto 100 . 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 __ __ 42 __ __ __ 54 __ 60 __ __ __ 72 __ __ 81 __ __ 90 __ __ __ . Activity : 2 Play the same game that you did when counting by two's. Start with 3 and count by three's till 100. Repeat the game two to three times. Counting by 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ......... Leaving the rounded numbers, we get : 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, ... ....

80 Complete the following sequence upto 100 : 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 100 Counting by 10s 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 1. Complete the next 3 blanks in the following series : a. 1, 2, 3, 4, __ __ __ b. 21, 22, 23, __ __ __ c. 91, 92, __ __ __ d. 2, 4, 6, __ __ __ e. 24, 26, 28, __ __ __ f. 36, 38, 40, __ __ __ g. 3, 6, 9, __ __ __ h. 21, 24, 27, __ __ __ i. 60, 63, 66, __ __ __ j. 25, 30, 35, __ __ __

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 81 Guided Skip Counting on Number Line Counting by 2's : Counting by 3's : Represent skip counting by 5 on the number line. Start the number line from 50. Show skip counting by 2’s, 3’s and 5’s.

82 = 1 twos = 2 gems 2 + 2 = 2 twos = 4 gems 2 + 2 + 2 = 3 twos = 6 gems 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 4 twos = 8 gems 2+ 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 5 twos = 10 gems 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 6 twos = 12 gems 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 7 twos = 14 gems 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8 twos = 16 gems 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 9 twos = 18 gems 2+ 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2+ 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10 twos = 20 gems Multiplication Tables Multiplication is repeated addition. Multiplication table for 2 Activity 1 : Things needed : Small plastic trays, bowls and gems. First, 2 gems in one bowl. Then, put 2 gems each in 2 bowls and say there are 2 twos. Then, put 2 gems each in 3 bowls and say there are 3 twos.

83 Students should repeat after the teacher for every step. After every step teacher writes on the board as how many times 2 is added. Then write the multiplication table for 2. 2 = 1 x 2 = 2 2 + 2 = 2 x 2 = 4 2 + 2 + 2 = 3 x 2 = 6 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 4 x 2 = 8 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 5 x 2 = 10 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 6 x 2 = 12 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 7 x 2 = 14 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8 x 2 = 16 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 9 x 2 = 18 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10 x 2 = 20 Students should repeat after the teacher : One two is two. Two two's make 4. 3 two’s make 6. 4 two’s make 8.

84 Activity 2 : One student stands in front of the class with 2 fingers raised. Then, another one joins him/her with two fingers raised. Each time a child joins, the class says in chorus the multiplication table of 2. They count the fingers and tell the table. 1 x 2 = 2 2 x 2 = 4 3 x 2 = 6 Continue the pattern till 10. Activity 3 : One child starts the multiplication table of 2. Each student tells the next step in the multiplication table. Repeat the same till the whole class finishes.

2 x 3 = 6 3 x 3 = 9 4 x 3 = 12 5 x 3 = 15 6 x 3 = 18 7 x 3 = 21 8 x 3 = 24 9 x 3 = 27 10 x 3 = 30 85 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 X 2 Activity 4 : Fill in the multiplication chart : Multiplication table for 3 1 x 3 = 3 Activity 1 : Select a student at random and ask him/her to put 3 gems in each bowl. Make the multiplication table for 3, the same way that you did for 2. Students should repeat after the teacher at each step.

86 Activity 2 : Call a student to the front of the class, with 3 fingers raised. A student joins him/her with 3 fingers raised and so on. Each time, students should tell the multiplication table for 3 in chorus. Activity 3 : Let students complete the addition and multiplication facts. 3 = 1 x 3 = 3 3 + 3 = 2 x 3 = 6 3 + 3 + 3 = 3 x 3 = 9 Activity 4 : Complete the multiplication chart. X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5 Activity 5 : Students to recite the multiplication table of 3, one step at a time.

Multiplication table for 5 Activity 1 : Just as you did for multiplication table of 2 and 3, ask students to put 5 gems in each bowl. The students should repeat after you at each step. 5 = 1 x 5 = 5 5 + 5 = 2 x 5 = 10 5 + 5 + 5 = 3 x 5 = 15 Activity 2 : Do the activity of raised fingers for the multiplication table of 5. Activity 3 : The students to complete the multiplication chart. X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5 87

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 88 Guided Multiplication table of 10 Students to complete the multiplication table of 10 till 100. 10 = 1 x 10 = 10 10 + 10 = 2 x 10 = 20 10 + 10 + 10 = 3 x 10 = 30 Multiplication using number line Table of 2 : 10 x 2 = 20. Show these on the number line : 1. 5 x 2 = 10 2. 4 x 2 = 8 3. 7 x 2 = 14 4. 6 x 2 = 12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 30 30 30 30 89 Guided Table of 3 2 x 3 = 6. Show the following on the number line : 1. 4 x 3 = 12 2. 5 x 3 = 15 3. 9 x 3 = 27 4. 6 x 3 = 18 5. 4 x 5 = 20 6. 6 x 5 = 30 Number lines :

90 1. Give the product of the following : a. 2 x 5 = ________ b. 4 x 3 = ________ c. 8 x 5 = ________ d. 4 x 5 = ________ 2. Fill in the missing boxes : a. 2 x ___ = 6 b. 4 x ___ = 20 c. 4 x 10 = ___ d. ___ x 2 = 12 e. 3 x 5 = ___ f. ___ x 5 = 10 g. 9 x ___ = 18 h. 7 x ___ = 21 i. 6 x ___ = 18 j. ___ x 5 = 25 3. Write the multiplication facts for the following : a. 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = x = ____ b. 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = x = ____ c. 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = x = ____

1. In the given table, colour the numbers in the multiplication table for 2. 1 x 2 = 2 Colour 2 2 x 2 = 4 Colour 4 Proceed till you reach 20. 2. In the given table, colour the squares according to the multiplication table for 3. 1 x 3 = 3. Colour 3. 2 x 3 = 6 Colour 6. Proceed till you reach 30. 3. In the same way, obtain a pattern for multiplication table for 5. 91 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

92 Multiplication by Zero Let us add zero repeatedly : 0 = 1 x 0 = 0. 0 + 0 = 2 x 0 = 0. 0 + 0 + 0 = 3 x 0 = 0. From the above, we conclude that any number when multiplied by zero gives zero. Order of Multiplication It does not matter in what order numbers are multiplied. Let us see how. 2 x 3 = 6. There are 6 gems. 3 x 2 = 6. There are still 6 gems. Therefore, 3 x 2 = 2 x 3. In the same way, we can show that : 2 x 5 = 5 x 2 2 x 10 = 10 x 2

93 1. Write whether true or false : a. 2 x 4 = 4 x 2 ( ) b. 4 x 0 = 4 ( ) c. 8 x 3 = 3 x 8 ( ) d. 0 x 2 = 0 ( ) 2. Complete the following : a. 6 x 2 = 2 x ____ b. 8 x 4 = 4 x ____ c. 4 x ____ = 3 x 4 d. 2 x 5 = ____ x 2 e. 3 x ____ = 3 f. 4 x ____ = 0 g. ____ x 8 = 8 h. ____ x 6 = 0

94 3. Find the product of the following using multiplication table : a. 8 x 3 = ____ b. 4 x 2 = ____ c. 5 x 3 = ____ d. 6 x 3 = ____ e. 5 x 6 = ____ f. 7 x 3 = ____ g. 8 x 2 = ____ h. 3 x 4 = ____ i. 2 x 8 = ____ j. 8 x 1 = ____

Contents 1. The World of Plants ... ... .. 96 2. Our Life with Flowers ... ... .. 101 3. Be Healthy with Vegetables ... 104 4. Have a Fruit Every Day... ... .. 107 5. The World of Animals ... ... ... 109 6. Domestic Animals (Pets) ... ... 112 7. Wild Animals ... ... ... 116 8. Insects ... ... ... 120 10. Animals also have Homes ... .... 122 Class 1 Term 2

The World of Plants Go out in your school campus along with your teacher. See the different types of trees and small plants. Plants with tall woody trunks are called trees. Example: Mango tree, Neem Tree, Coconut Tree Tree Shrubs Herbs 96 Plants which have many thin stems are called shrubs. Example: Rose, Aloevera Very small plants and grass are called herbs. Example: Spinach, Coriander, Mint

97 Plants that need support are called climbers. Money plant and Jasmine are examples of climbers. We get many things from plants. Some plants give food grains like rice, wheat and maize. Some plants give us medicines, such as tulsi and neem. Some plants give vegetables and fruits. We get wood from some trees. We get perfume from flowers. Flowers are also used for decoration. Climber New plants grow from seeds :

98 Write tree, shrub, herb or climber under each, as you seem correct. Find out two plants with thorns and two plants that grow in water. Paste their pictures in the box below.

99 Each student should bring one thing that we get from plants. Your teacher will make a show tree with items that you bring. Take a big twig. Fix it in a pot. Hang all the items that you brought into the twig. Sing this song in chorus : The seed lay in the soil, ‘up’ said the sun, ‘up’ said the wind, ‘up’ said the rain, Up came the baby plant, Breaking the seed open.

1. Name two shrubs : a. ______________ b. ______________ 2. Name two herbs : a. ______________ b. ______________ 3. Name two trees. a. ______________ b. ______________ 4. Name 5 things we get from plants : a. ______________ b. ______________ c. _____________ d. ______________ e. ______________ Tick the correct word (refer to the book or watch the presentation on plants once again) : a. Rose is a ( herb / shrub ). b. ( Money plant Rose / ) is a climber. c. Grape vine is a ( climber creeper / ). d. Neem is a ( tree / shrub ). e. Coconut is a ( tree / shrub ). f. Lily is a ( herb / shrub ). g. Grass is a ( herb / shrub ). 100