E-Book Intermediate

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Vocabulary Wffiffik Society and social issues G Work in groups and discuss. Balance the budget . Woutd you like to be the president or prime . minister of your country.Why /Why not? Think of one thing that you would change if you were prime minister. E* Write the words in the box in the correct category below. the wealthy crime corruption education health care the poor racism the government unemptoyment ordinary people homelessness polIution defence transport poverty rax payers the opposition parties balancing the budget 1 Croups in society: the wealthy 2 SociatDroblems: crime 3 Covernmentresponsibilities: educatian b Can you add more words to each category? 3* Check the meaning of the words and phrases Preparation Lisrening in bold.Then complete the sentences for Read about the Republic of Peakoilia and answer your country. Use words from the box in the questions. exercise 2a. 1 What are its six main oroblems? 2 Which problems do you think are the most serious? 1 The government should increase taxes for 2 The government should reduce taxes for 3 The government's priority shoutd be 4 The government shouldn't waste money on 5 The government should increase spending on _. 6 The government should reduce spending on * Work in pairs and compare your answers. Which of the things in exercise 2a do you think are a problem in your country at the moment?Why? Ea 1* €: Listen to four people from peakoilia and answer =q#u.e3stions about each person. the 1 What do they think are the country's biggest problems? 2 What solutions do they suggest? Why? Listen again and tick the phrases you hear in the UsefuI language box.

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Find out first View 1a What do you know about satellites? O W.t.tr the video and answer the questions. Try to complete the text below by 1 What is Maggie Aderin-Pocock's job? choosing the correct answers. 2 What food and drink is mentioned in the video? Satellites 3 How many satettites has Maggie used before 9 a.m.? The first man-made satellite to orbit 3a Match the verb(s) in A with the phrases in B to create Earth, Sputnik l, was launched in1957 I 1967 I 1977 bythe Soviet Union. There things that satellites do or help to do. are now around 35 I 350i 3,500 working satellites orbiting the Earth. Those in'low A Earth orbit'can be as close as}{0' I 2** I 2,S&0 kilometres away, while those in'high 1 keep 2 send and receive fr 3 orbit 4 deliver Earth orbit' are more than 400 / 4\"*S0 / 5 take 40,0$CI kilometres from Earth. Nearer 6 harvest satellites travel much faster than further 7 Deam ones. For example, the Space Shuttle, when I forecast iit was in orbit, travelled at around 3,G*S B 3S,0$S / 3S0,00S kilometres per hour. a a signaI to the television b the weather Go online to check your answers or c an eye on us from space ask your teacher d data e the Earth Search: how many functioning t mitk satellites in orbit I low Farth orbit I g the wheat high Earth orbit / space shuttle speed h photographs for military use Watch the video again.Which phrases from exercise 3a does the presenter mention? 4 Which facts from the video do you find most interesting or surprising? Why?

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Click here to show that you agree to the terms and conditions. .., t&t t,.), a, r,t, a,r' 4..t,, =.:t :i::ti;:A9f gsr,.l.'r1, &-istening ,&mnmyix'rg ruflss i Work in groups. Think of at least one rule that you woutd find in these places. motorways classrooms libraries swimming pools airports websites nightclubs parks and open spaces 7 i2' \"i\";.i Listen to five peopte complaining about a rule they f ind annoying. Answer the questions. 1 Which place in exercise '1 is each person tatking about? 2 Find the photos that the rules refer to. Listen again.Why exactly do they find these rules annoying? Which rules (if any) do they agree with? Work in groups and discuss. . Which speakers do you agree with? . Which other rules and laws do you find annoying? . Do you ever break rules? lf so, which rules and in which circumstances?

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Reading Work in groups and discuss. Exclusive . Are you a member of any ctubs or societies? clubs . Think of three different ctubs and societies. . What rules do they have? These are some of the world's Do you know of any exctusive clubs? Who do/ most exclusive clubs. But even if don't they accept as a member? you could join them, You might 2 You are going to read about three unusuaI societies' not want to! Read the first few lines of each text and then answer The Vidocq Society the questions. The Vidocq Society was set up in 1990 and its mottc 1 What kind of peopte are members? is 'Cuisine and crime-solving'. To become a member 2 What is the main activity of each society? of the society you have to be a crime specialist. Members meet every month ln a restaurant 1n 3 Which society do you think these words and phrases Philadelphia to discuss a'co1d case': a murder that has never been solved. But flrst they have a large relate to? lunch. While they are eating, they hear details of the case and use their sh11s to try and solve it. The a murder case to cause damage to surrender photographs that they see and the stories that they to vandalise to solve a crime a new recruit hear during the presentation of the murder case an aristocrat a battle would stop most people from eating. However, to smash the members of the society don't mind. They 4 Work in pairs and have a reading race.As quickty are professionals. The sociefy is named after Eugdne Frangols as you can, find out from the text which club has the rules below. Vidocq, the 18th-century criminal who became the world s first private detective. Only 82 people are They have to be speciatty quatified professionals. allowed to be members of the club (Vidocq was 82 the Vidacq 5ociety when he died) and new members have to be inviteC by a committee. Two new cases come in every wee. 1 They have to have a lot of moneY. and members use their experience to think of new 2 They aren't allowed to leave before their contract ways to solve each case. Their fitst success was tn 1991. A man cailed Huey Cox had been murdered has finished. Cox s family believed that the wrong person had been arrested and when the society looked at the 3 They have to change their names. case, they agreed. They helped the family and as a 4 They have to pay for everything they break. result the suspect was quickly set free. The societl' 5 They can't contact friends or family for several estimates that so far it has helped to solve around 300 murders. months. 6 They have to have a strong stomach. 7 They have to wear an expensive uniform. 8 They aren't allowed to give uP. 9 They are allowed to change their nationatity. 5a Read the article again and underline at least two unusual things about each society. Compare your answers with the class. Work as a ctass and discuss. . Which, if any, of these societies woutd you [ike to join? Why? . Are afly of them controversial? WhY? . Do you know of any societies with strange rules? What are they?

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Yhe Sxnrsh wsrld *f & fammws cr*rffi$xaal frmxm the I Stlx-aexlt&ry jxxstie* g&th e€m*?.xv3v Cnminal justice in the lBth century was a harsh business Jack Sheppard was born into a very poor family in 1.702. - there was no community service and few criminals When he was six he started to work and at the age of were even sent to prison! If you committed a crime l5 he became an apprentice carpenter Tn lhe spring and were arrested, for many crimes you could expect ol 1723, he '_ his first _ : he stole two silver the death penalty. spoons from a shop. He v\\asn t caught ard he soon At the end of the l8th century, lhere were over 200 moved from '-to burglary: he usually stole from the crimes that could be punished by hanging. As well houses where he was workinq as a carpenter theseas serious crimes like murder and kidnapping, mugging.Iinrucrluudecud buurrEgrla4rryy,, ruoubgbEerryy, Dsh[uol,plrlrifrtuinrEg, 4arnrdu urutstsurE. Sheppard'- first in February l724,buthe stealingEVveen i]fI you were caugghntl cutltuinllg Ldloowwnll da turee uort Slqdrilrt escaped within three hours and continued a rabbit. ir couid resulr in death. He'l .l.ruuJs). l rtr -_ -tLhrr[eseE mrrrourrec tLimrrrresDs uinr I17r 244T,! buuuLt Lesaucrhr u-time he escaped. Tnen on 3lst October. Sheppard It the iudse was nnore f .ni\"nt, Lf',. defendant might be a shop and stole a black srlk suir . He was arrested sentenced ro transporLation instead. This meant iravelling th.e next day for the final time. Two weel<s later. he by ship ro Ausrralia. Conditions on the ships were terrible il; tn.yiiit.vand many prisoners di.d;^-;^ ,L^ *..-;^y-.. t\".i^.. r',.r,^..i, \"r^- Two hundred thousand people - one-Lhird of London's : - -p^^o^,p,1u-+la;^t-ion a^iit^t-ei^n^ded h-i.is +fu,'-na,eorl al SeLh^e^^p..p.]ard hL.a.l d bhae.^crome hadtodoatleasisevenyears hardlabourbeforethey c^^o.-urrld Lb^e r--e^tl-e--a-l sed lro^.r- g-^o^lod Lb^eLh^-a,:^v,i,o- ur. . acelebrifyu-. ; I . . .. ....: .., ., ,,:,.:..,,,, ,,,.,],.;:L,. . :..:,::..,.,,.:r,:\"\" trri::r,.., Voeabaxla*y #*\"t rme mrxd pa.c r*6sfu rs\"ser\"$t - Work in groups and discuss. . What was the criminaljustice system [ike in your . country 200 years ago? Was it harsher or more lenient than it is todav? Read the text above about criminaljustice in Britain 200 years ago. Answer the questions. 1 What crimes resulted in capitaI punishment? 2 What was considered a more lenient option? :i;= The words in botd in the text are connected to crime '.: Read the story of a famous 18th-century British and punishment.Write them in the correct category criminal. Complete the text with the words in the boi below. Can you add any more words? g*aost.c...a\"urgrh.rtt\"baurg*l.in, giusnhgo.pdtift.iongttlrtot.bdbe..d. ccrilmlmeinat Crimes Punishments j n:urder th* death p*nalty Verbs People Work in pairs. Take turns to remember facts about fo be s*nf ta pris*n the judge Jack Sheppard using vocabulary from exercise 4a. ta contnil e crinE Sheppard stale fwc silver spcons {rom a shop. :: Look at the crimes in the diagram. For each one write ,.:. Work in groups and discuss. the verb and the person. . Do you know of any'cetebrity criminals'? . What crimes did they commit? a murder:, ta murder, a murderer . Why do you think some criminals become famou, -

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%ffik g$ffieffiffi Discuss new laws YOL'R VNHW Pneparation Reading and listening O: What laws do you think should exist? Read the suggestions for laws that should exist and A: I think everyone should have to do a short test answer the questions as a class. on current affairs before they are allowed to vote. 1 Which suggestions do the photos relate to? political_harry, 2 hours 2 Do any of these [aws already exist in your country? 3 Think of one argument for and one argument -ago against each law A: I would ban smoking in all public places, even X l* d : \"g Listen to peopte tatking about four of the outside. laws= suggested on the website.Which ones are e:mc3, 4 hours ago they? What reasons and examples do they give? A: I would make a law saying people who beat or List€n again and tick the phrases you hear in the hurt animals should receive the same treatment Usefu[ [anguage box. themselves. Task Speaking T;ffin, 4 hours ago T What laws would you suggest on the website? A: The long-term unemployed should have to do voluntary work to get unemployment benefit from Think of your own ideas, then make a list with the the government. rest of class. [/arrin, 5 hours ago > Useful language a A: I think speed limits on motorways should be Es Choose two suggested laws that you would tike to abolished. 2cool4school, 5 hours ago discuss, either from the website or from the list your class made. A: lwould make itthe lawthat if you go and live ir a foreign country it should be compulsory to learn b Make notes for each [aw. Use the headings betow and the language of that country. ask your teacher for any words/phrases you need. Beverley, 6 hours ago . Your opinion (for or against): A: I think adverts should only be allowed to give . Reason(s): information which is true. . Examptes or cases that support your opinion: 1 0den, B hours ago > l,Jseful language b A: Drivers should have a trial driving licence for a couple of years before they are allowed to have a 3 Work in groups.Tett the other students which laws full licence. They should only get a full licence if tf^.ro have shown that they are safe on the road. you would like to discuss and give your opinion and reasons. Find out what they think. Hyi: l0 h?yl'\"g-9 4 Work as a class.Te[[ the class which laws your group A: People who do dangerous sports shouldn't har: the right to free medical care if they hurt themseli:,i discussed and what your opinions were. Find out what the rest of the class think. Raymond, 1 day ago > Useful language c A: I think that hunting and harming animals for sp:: should be banned. Hui, 2 days ago A: I would change the law so that young people l- the right to vote at 16. birdsong, 3 days ago

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ffi Speaking 3 Write the phrases from exercise 2b in the correct Exprgssing and responding to opinions category below. 1 Read the newspaper article.What do you think is an ii :E:xllp-r'e::s:s:iqng:a:n:o1p\"in::i:o:n\": :i TR:e:sf-p\"o-:n:d::igng:t:oa-1n:ol-p\"-iln::i:o:-n:l: appropriate punishment for the boy? i Terrible, isn't it? i That may be so, but ... ':i i But to be honest, I don't really agree. Mark Forest from West Kirby has been sentenced @W\"t.tt and listen to the key phases. Notice how to 25 hours' eommunity service for robbing a local the speaker uses intonation to remain polite, even newsagent. Mark, who is '16, walked into the shop on Broad Street and stole t75 from the till. He also when disagreeing. threatened the shop owner, Mr Keith Perry. 4a Work in pairs. StudentA: Use a phrase from the 2a O W\"t.h the video of two conversations about the table in exercise 3 to express an opinion about the crime.What's the relationship between the peopte statements below. Student B: Respond to Student in each conversation? What does each person think As opinion with a phrase from the tabte.Try to give about the crime? a reason for the opinion you express. Read the extracts below.Then watch again and 1 lt's acceptabte to send chi[dren to prison. number the phrases in the order you hear them. 2 Avoiding tax is not a crime. 3 Att forms of hunting should be banned. Conversation 1 4 Mititary service should be compulsory. 5 The main aim of orison should be to re-educate a That may be so, but.., b In my opinion ... criminals, not punish them. c I don't know about you, but I don't think ... I don't knr:w about you, but I think that it's OK to send children to prison sometimes. d What do you mean? e Reatty? Why do you say that? Reeiiy? !'m n*t s* surs\" ln 3.; <:pini*n ... f I don't know about that. b What are your own opinions about the statements Conversation 2 in exercise 4a? Compare your ideas with the rest of the class. Use phrases from exercise 3. a You have to remember that ... b Terrible, isn't it? c But to be honest, I don't realty agree. d I take your point.

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Itwrdayou respondwhen things go wrang? Some peopte blow their top, some people btame thernsetves. 1'1j;::*; #*;_!,+;: d,:= I l,:+ ?:.e+ tt::!:: :j!':r; i'i*':l ii:.t, t Yor'ue been working reatty hard and you start to feel i[[.You have a headache and you feel nauseous.You think: a l'[[take a coup[e of painki[[ers and it wi[[ pass. b I shouldn't have worked so hard recently. c Oh no! This is the start of something really serious. d Why do these things ALWAYS happen to me???? X You have a meeting with your boss. She te[[s you that you need to improve your performance. After the meeting you think: a How can I show her l'm better than she thinks? b I shou[dn't have taken this iob. ic l'd better start looking for new job. l'm going to lose this one. d She was completely wrong. I shou[d have given my point of view! 3 Yo, tt. driving your car and you make a mistake.You nearly hit a car coming the other way. You think: a That was unusual! l'm normally a really good driver. b I wasn't concentrating. l'[[ have to drive more carefu[[y. c I could have died! d That driver shouldn't be on the roadl 4 lft.r an argument, your partner storms out of the house. You think: a He/She wi[[calm down.We can work it our. b I woutdn't have walked out [ike that. It's a bit si[tv. c I've lost him/her for ever. d He/She's such an idiot! 5 Vour best friend is driving alone. She stops to help someone by the sid: of the road.That person takes her money and steals her car.The next c-, your friend is crying as she te[[s you the story.You say: a lt's not your fault.You cou[dn't have known it was a trick. b I hope you've learnt a lesson. c I wouldn't have stopped to help a stranger. Neverl d People like that should be shot!

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Listening e. tg d *a.+What do you think they decided to do? Work in pairs. Read the introduction below about Listen to the rest of the story and answer the a journey Andrew and Debra Vea[ decided to make. questions. How woutd you feel in that situation? What problems might you have? 1 Did they agree about what to do? 2 What physical dangers did Debra face? fb Something went wrong for the couple after a few 3 Why was day 74 of her trip a particutarty good days of the race. Look at the key words from the story. Can you guess what happened? one? an experienced rower a co[lision a violent storm 4 How long had she been at sea when she arrived to abandon the race a phobia an oil tanker in Barbados? 5 Who was waiting to meet her? to support someone loneliness a rescue boat 6 How many days behind the winner was she? 7 In what ways has her life changed since then? to shake with fear sharks a motivational soeaker Work in groups and discuss. l$ *l :Z.g Listen to the first part of the story and answer the questions. . What do you think Debra and Andrew's behaviour 1 What experience did Debra and Andrew each have shows about their characters? of rowing? . Do you think they made the right decision? 2 _How did they each react to life on the ocean? . lf not, what do you think they shoutd have done 3 \"What happened a few days into the trip? How did instead? Andrew react?

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Vocabulary Reading Problems and solutions Work in groups. Have you ever found any of these decisions difficutt? Discuss how you make decisions t nead about a probtem that in these situations. Frank had in his tife. Check . what to wear the meaning of the words in . what to eat in a restaurant bold.Then put the sentences . whether or not to appty for a job, do a course, etc. in the correct order. . which car to buy . whether to start or end a retationshio Until one dav he realised he {. Read the text about making decisions and answer had a problem with his marriage. the questions. The friend was sympathetic and told him to trust his intuition. 1 Which decision in paragragh 1 is the writer making? Frank was happy. He didn't have a care in 2 What decision does she make in the end? the world. But it didn't go away and he began to 3 Match headings a-c with paragraphs 1-3. lose sleep over it. a Be intuitive e Together they sorted the problem out. b Be logical c Take a chance f Finatty, Frank made a decision. He talked Read the text again and find the answers to the to his wife about his concerns. questions betow g At first, Frank tried to ignore the problem. h So Frank talked it over with a friend and 1 Which car in the introductory paragraph: a uses a lot of oetrot? asled his advice. b breaks down a [ot? e Match the words and phrases in bold in exercise 1 c hasn't been driven much? with the definitions below. 2 Which type of decision-maker (rationa[, intuitive 1 to disappear go away or fatalistic): 2 to have nothing to worry about 3 to solve (a probtem) a doesn't learn to make better decisions? 4 to discuss a oroblem b doesn't make ouick decisions? 5 to pretend you can't see or notice something c doesn't understand why he/she makes 6 to decide 7 to not [ike something a oarticular decision? 8 to be kind and witting to [isten 9 things you worry about 3 Who (Coizueta, Cladwell or Rhinehart): a made a bad decision? 1O to believe in your feelings b made the right decision? 11 to be unable to sleep at night because of something 4 What were the decisions in 3a and b above? 5a Work in pairs. Choose a problem from the list to write about. Decide whether to make the story sad, Why were they good/bad? funny or just awkward. 4 Work in groups and discuss. . Frank is very worried about a member of his famity . who is behaving strangety. . What do you think of Luke Rhinehart's method . of making decisions? Frank has a secret in his oast and he is worried that his wife/friends wi[[ find out. Why do you think he chose to live his life in . Frank is having problems with his colleague/boss. . this way? . Frank is very worried because ... (your ideas) Have you ever made a decision by: - making a list of pros and cons? Decide the details of the probtem.Write the story of - following your intuition? the new problem together, using at least five phrases rolling a dice or tossing a coin? from exercise 1. Frank was t uppy\" He didn't have a care in the . -Which method in the text is best for making warld. Until one day he realised he had a problem with his 1ob. The problem was he didn't trust his decisions, in your opinion? boss, because he suspected him of stealing\" 4 Read your story to the ctass.Whose story do you like best? Why?

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ffmmk Dilemmas Discuss dilemmas leuisited Preparation Reading What did they dCI msxt? la Read the introduction to the probtem page. Do you Every month we feature readers' letters ever read problem pages? How is this one different? on our problem page and try to give out good advicel But what do readers Work in pairs. Read the titte of each problem and actually do? This month, we have guess what each problem is about. tracked down three readers whose problems were featured two years ago. Read the problems and check your answers. Do not Read their original prololems, then read look at page 131 yet. what they decided to do on page \"13'1 , 2a Work in groups of three. Each student reads one f-l'n23 and recently lcelebrated three of the problems again to find the answers to the!uestions. I years together with my girlfriend Vaness: 1 Which people are mentioned in each case? 2 What exactly has each person done? (she's 22). I asked her parents if I coulc 3 What exactly was the situation at the time that the letter was written and whv was the writer worried? -0r000se to her I'm a bit old-fashionec Close your books and summarise the probtem to the I guess. Her parents were really pleasec other students. and suppofted me. But when I asked he\" t0 marry me, sne was angry necause I Task Speaking had talked to her parents and said'not at the moment', This really upset me. L-l Make notes about the people listed below we didn't talk about it any more. thinking about questions 1-3. Ask your teacher for any words/phrases you need. A month ago I was offered a great n?llr job in a town 300 miles away. I said ye: 1 What did they do right/wrong? immediately. When I told Vanessa and 2 What other options did they have? 3 What would you have done in their position? asked her to move to the new town v/r: . Larry me, she was really angry. She said tha- . Vanessa should have asked her first She says sfir . Vanessa's Darents wants t0 stay together, but she doesn: . Oscar want to move and she still says that s-= . His oarents doesn't want to get married yet. She s . Astrid the love of my life, but l'm really confusm . Astrid's husband about what to do. Some of my friends . The mother-in-law say I should split up with her and take the job, but what if I never meet anotr.\" > Useful language a, b and c person like her? Larry 2a Work in groups and compare your answers to the 3 Read what each person actuatly did on page 131 and questions in exercise 1.Try to reach an agreement answer the questions. as a group about what you woutd have done. 1 What did they decide? Was it what you expected? b Present your ideas to the class. Do other groups 2 How do they feel about the situation now? agree with you? 3 Do you think they made the right decision? 4 What do you think they should do now? 5 Which was the most difficult problem?

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Find out first View Look at the photos of London 3a You are going to watch a video about lmogen and and New Zealand and answer the questions. Charlie, a British couple who are thinking of moving to New Zeatand. Before you watch, check you understand 1 What do you think are the the meaning of the words and phrases in the gtossary. advantages/disadvantages of Iivi ng in each olace? Glossary colloquiaI phrase used by British people to down under refer to Australia and New Zealand 2 In what ways do you think life is things you do outside (e.g. watking, ctimbing, outdoor pursuits camping) similar/different? very attractive a big puII to move permanent[y to another country 2a Discuss in pairs.What do you know to emigrate about New Zealand? How much OWatctr the first part of the video.What do you find out of the information in the table can about these things? Make notes. you complete from your general knowledge? 1 lmogen and Charlie's life in the UK 2 the lifestyle in New Zealand uK >lKi 3 their family situations 4 job prospects in New Zealand :':i Offciat i Watch again and complete your notes.Which things :: r'-an'og--uoa- g\\e-,(sJ i:. attract lmogen and Charlie to New Zealand? Which things do not attract them? i Climate i : 4a At the end of the video, the couple vote where they want : Scenery/ ! : to [ive. How do you think they witt each vote? Watch the i i ; landscape second part of the video and check you answer. b Go online to complete the table or ask Work in groups and discuss. your teacher. . Were you surprised at the decision each of them made? . Why do you think they made that decision? Search: New Zealand / UK geographical . What wou[d vou have decided in their situation? facts

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# *reexm&*a* 9*xa m** AErAC €* * Unit 3:Vocabulary Unit 4:Voeabulary ffixercfimm #, pagm ffi'f; ffixmr\"e$sm fr, pmge 4# I Which three phrases need the word a? (3 points) get promotion buy house get.lob start school tygo to un.vers ieave home 'nove house 2 Which word isn't preceded by get? (2 poinrs) ch ldren divo.ced engaged 3 Match the verbs with the noun/adyective they were used with on page 40. (7 points) 1 move a an exam 2 bring up b in love 3 fall c children 4lose d ahouse 5 make e money putt f yourjob 79 rent g house I _4 Complete the sentences with io, with or from. He got married his brothers ex-wifel up2 Unfortunatelv, he's iust split _3 Shes been engaged h;s sirlfriend her boyfriend for over four years. 4 She eot divorced her hushand after iust Unit 4: Language focus 'l six months. ffi*\"mm,t*sw- ffixmrm$s* ffi, pmgm SH Unit 5:Vocabulary . meet a famous Derson ffimwnsfisw Hm- pmgm 4H . see a famous singer/group perform live 1 lmagination ptay in a group 2 success, faiture 3 Knowledge sing in a choir 4 profit learn a musicaI instrument be on TV / in the newspaper / in a play win a prize / a competition / money go to the battet / the opera / a classical concert visit a country I a city / a famous monument climb a high mountain/buitding go pa rachuti ng/skiing/sailing drive a bus / a lorry I asports car ride a horse / a camel / a motorbike break your arm / leg / something very valuable lose a lot of money / a credit card / an important document / your mobi[e phone steaI somethingl ii

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ffi*reM*m@z*rum*&ffiCz*re Umit 3: !-anguage focus tr Unit 7: Language live, Speaking ffic\"ms*Fc\"m, ffiwmrc$mm #m, pmgw fffr ffimmrq$sw 4, pmge f,# lreland 4a Read the instructions on the cards below and invent a telephone or face-to-face conversation for the 550,000 km, i 69,000 km, i 241,000 km, situations. Act out your conversations. Hsw crowded per km' 52 peopte 24'l peopte Student A is the Per Km' per Km'z You are going to invite Student B to see a show with country? you. Decide the detaits before you start. ,''.',.,',: - JU mttilon F{ow many /5 mrtuon : b.5 mrtilon Choose the type of show: a rock concert / a film / London a ballet i a ptay / a musical. toi.rnists are /.5 mrtuon Decide how to invite him/her: by phone / there pen ir\"o\"\" in person. r::: Choose three or four dates when you are available. Heathrow Wlrat is the i 2.2 million Dublin Airport: NB You are very persistent and make a lot of population of 1.2 mittion bv mrt[on alternative suggestions if B says that he/she : can't come. th: *::: :ilvi : Dubtin Airport: Student B l\"{ow busy i Paris Chartes 1B mi[lion Student A is going to invite you to see a show. is the rnain i de Cau[[e Decide the detaits before you speak. airpont? i Airport: 1 Circte the shows you want to see and cross out the : b I mrtuon ones you don't:a rock concert / a film / a ballet / Uralt 10:Voeabulary aptay/amusical. ffimmrmcse 4m, pmg* #f, 2 Think of some excuses in case you don't want to go Student A (you are revising for an exam / your cousin needs l:p:1'I:- bittion you to babysit, etc.). 5..7 mittion Average nurnber NB You don't really have the same taste in shows of vlsitors {per -25.C / 33.C as A and aren't too keen on going, but you don't want to offend A. v:::l 93o/o Han Chinese 7o/o other Swap roles and repeat the activity. Act out your Minirmurn/ conversations for the class. maxirnurn Unit 5: Lamguage [ive, Speakimg l:*r:::1Y::' ffi:cmrmfime ffi, pmg* ,ffi5 Fthnic groups Student A Kilormetres of road i 3,860,800 km Ayr::t: You are catling Travel Direct to find out about some i Kilometresof i 14,500km airline tickets you ordered.You want to speak to Sandi E[[iott. i csasttine i (Student B answers the phone.) 1 Ask to soeak to Sandi E[[iott. 2 Cive your name. 3 Exolain what the ca[[ is about. 4 Ask if she can ca[[ you back. 5 Cive your phone number: 07881 334811. 6 Say goodbye.

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# *rercffie€*w\"% €*e€ re*€ gw€g €* re Unit 5: Lamguage [ive, Speaking Unit X0:Vocabulary ffimwn*$mm ffi- pmgm SS ffip*mrcfise 4w- pmgm #H Student B Student B You work at Travel Direct answering the telephones. United Arab Sandi E[[iott, your boss, is in a meeting at the moment. Emirates 'l(Student A catts you.) Poputation 5 mi[[ion Answer the ohone. t5 mrtuon Average number of 2 Ask who is ca[[ing. visitors {peryear} 150C / 40'C 3 Ask what the ca[[ is about. 4 Explain that Sandi is in a meeting.Ask if you can I Ethnic groups 50% Asian 42% Arab take a message. : 8% other 5 Ask for the ca[[er's number. i 6 Say you witt tell Sandi. End the conversation 4,080 km ii Kilornetres of road potitety. .41 :\"\"\"\"\"\" Unit 12: Language focus 1 1,318 km i Airports ffipc**\"m#mm 3 fu, pmgm .E T ff ! Kilometnes of i eoastline How do you respond when things go wrong? Unit 9: Language fCIcus 1 Mostly a: you are CONFIDENT Frmctfiem, ffixee\"c&mm B, pmge ffiffi Vnr r rra rnnfidani,. -rn, r-l n-prmrsrc. vvnen rnrngs go Group B wrong, you try to resolve the problem. You look to the 3a Choose eight words or phrases and write questions future, not the past, but you sometimes find it difficult for them using relative clauses. fLAV 4i.L.ALnC-I-/L tytVn.Urrr rmrri)c1t4tt\\agc) 4etntrUl tLnU lrpgA:rrn| | filrnVmrr I tLhr JpCmr r. What da vou call a Ders>n wha ... ? Mostly b:you are LOGICAI Vnt . ,arp lnoie:l :nd <encihlp Vnr r'rp :hnr:rr< r:lm a colteague ti\"..ri a joke in : rricic rnd rinr I np\\/pr n:nir Vnr | 2aapni \\/nr rr a distraction qualifications mistakes ard you try to learn fror,r them. You are not a leader a wett-paid job an award at all emotional. Sometimes Vou want to feel more a palace an athlete oassionate. a reward Mostly c: you are FEARFUL Take turns to test Croup A.Your teacher will give You are a bir of a worrier You think about the future you two points for a good question and two points a lot and you worry about what might go wrong. You for a correct answer to Group A s questions. The rend to panic when things go wrong. You so'nelirles team with the most points at the end wins. wish that you were more adventurous. Mostly d: you are EMOTIONAL When things go wrong, you sometimes blow your ton Vnr . dnn'f helipvp lhar rrnr t arF F\\lpr \\^/rarno rtr make mistakes. You tend to blame other people for oroblems. You son ettmcr_s h..a*.ve_ b_iso a_.rosu- menrs with your fr,ends. i lt 1

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Questions and short answers SHORT QUE5TIONS AND QUESTION TAGS A: My brether's gone fo live in Austratia. S: fCas&el Yau wer* ai home last night, were*'t yau? 1 Auxiliary verbs tr?*ffiqrl We use be, have and do to form tenses, questions and negative 1 Choose the correct auxiliary verb. forms, and we use them in short answers, question tags, etc. 1 Where are / do your parents come from? .In a[[ these cases they are called auxiliary verbs. 2 Johnny is / has got'16 cousins! We use be (+ verb + -ing) to form continuous tenses. 3 | reatty enjoyed the concert, but the others we ren't I didn't. Present continuous: l4e'sstudylngto become a doctar. 4 A: Have you got any money with you? . Past continuous: I was fa{fci*g ta tharles tlte *ther day\" B: No, I don't / haven't. We use have (+ past participle) to form perfect tenses. 5 Where were I did you born? Present perfect: Vle've bee* here for three montlts. 6 My boyfriend tikes my new hairstyle, but my mother . Past perfect: The film had started wltefi we gotthere. We use do in simple tenses (in the question and negative forms). isn't / doesn't. Present simp[e: Do aLl yaur family {ive raund hereT Past simple: i didtt't getyour email. 7 How is /does your course going? 2 Auxiliary verbs in questions 2 Complete the questions with suitable words. . In conthuous and perfect tenses, questions are formed by 1_ were your parents born, in China or in America? inverting the subject and auxitiary verb. _'s2 your new car going? 3 do vou have lunch normallv? ts he studying to became a d*ctor7 4 What _ you studying at university? . i-iav's long kave yawr brather and sister llved hereT _ _5 do you want: red or blue? In simple tenses, we adddo/does ordid(see above). 3 Mr- questions _ _ _6 books do you like? 7_ . We form many questions with wh- words and phrases. bag is this? V'lhert ...V Wfuere...? What...? _ _8 do you go to the gym? Whit?2...V why \"..? Wito...? 3 Put the words in the correct order to make questions. l#h*se.\"\"i Haw...? Vllzat kind af ...V 1 the rest of your famity / speak / do / Engtish ? 2 your aunt and uncle / children I have / many / how / do ? Vli:et s*rt *{..\"? ttlhattint* \"\".? What ca!*ur ...? 3 your brother / which / go I gym I to / does ? 4 go / what / out / you and your friends / do / time ? W:ish baak/ seha*tfw* man, etc. ...7 How many ...? 5 born / were I where / your brothers and sisters? 6 apptying / you / which / Lo / are / university ? !-iowmush...? How*fter..\"? How aid ...? What exactly ..\"? Where exact!\" . .? Why exactly ..\"7 . Notice the word order after most Wh- ouestions. : *t*::-1.1, iRuxiliary i i\"oi\".i : il*J, : i i ! \"t.: i i ::'b_ i What i are i your friends i arriving? : :i tim.. \"e\" -.i ':\" \"' Present simple and Present continuous i where i ao .!.....i 1 Present simple the other i tive? i students in i : :i- \"1\" your class i i i:*: l/You/We/They work. .'..',.'''''.-'..'.'.'''''. \"..'.''..''...'.i He/She/lt work. your boyfriend i listen to? l{I_::1*-:1't\"v don't (= do not) work. What kind i does He/She/lt doesn't (= does not) work. ! of music : Do l/you/we/they work? i ;;;;;./ilil;; 4 Auxiliaries used on their own We use the Present simple for: SHORTANSWERS . repeated actions or habits. We ga aut *ver-v Saturday night. . something we see as permanent. t41,: sister warks in a bas:k. . These can make the speaker sound more polite/interested. . describing a state that doesn't change. ! l**kiike my m*tn*r &: #av* yo:.t b**t: lsere **f*re7 8: Y*s, iFeave, . We also use auxiliaries to avoid repeating long sentences. A: **es y*::r family liu'* i* Farls? *: l4y f*ther 6aes, isut mv ;x*tit*r doe:n't.

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2 Complete the sentences with a suitable verb in the correct PEOPI-E AROUhID YOU form. o--' ' o^-L-v,,u^di^,+',r-d--,^ ,LE a best friend grandParents 1 Where do you _ out with your friends? a boss a half-brother a ctassmate a mother-in-[aw 2 You look fit. Have you been _ to the gym? a co[[eague a neighbour a coustn a niece 3 _| spend two hours a day to and from work. an emPloyee an old school friend an ex-girlfriend an older sister 4 | spent last night _ paperwork. a flatmate a relative a grandchild a stepmother 5 How long does it take her to on her make-up and a stranger _ her hair? 6 Who _ after your childre-n when you go out? 7 Sometimes I tike to stay at home and nothing at the weekend. B Coutd you please -up your room? lt's a real mess. 9 Come round, l'm really bored * l'm EVERYDAY ACTIVITIFS the ironing. chatting to friends and colleagues commuting going to the gym 10 My children spend- too much time video games. doing nothing hanging out with friends doing paperwork looking after chitdren 11 l've had such a busy week, ljust wan-t to this doing the ironing ptaying video games doing your hair putting on make-up weekend. - going on social networking sites relaxing going shopping texting 12 Our boss has told us to stop _ on so-cial tidying up networking sites at work. OTFIER to multitask 1 Which statement best describes you? (Be honest!) n productive tr to appty for a course to put[ a face a I try to use English in class alt the time, even when n to be home for the holidays a social worker me.it's very difficutt for a digital native to spend time + -rng to exercise intensively to train to be a doctor b I try to use English in class when I remember. grumPy to waste time + -ing c l'm a bit tazy and let other peopte do the tatkingl I'm really into ... an internet addict I qcAenei 2 Which of these things do/don't you normalty do? 1 Replace the underlined phrases with a word or phrase a Ask your teacher questions in Engtish rather than that has the same meaning. in your own language. She's my big sister. b Try to understand the teacher's explanations in 1 She's my girlfriend from the past.We're not together now. 2 She's my father's new wife. Engtish rather than asking for transtations. 3 He's not someone that I know. 4 She's my sister's daughter. c Speak as much as you can during pair and group work. 5 He's my husband's father. d Answer as many questions as you can, even if you 6 She's my manager. 7 He's mylrcnd Llherc dlalrryilh. are not sure of the answer. 8 He's someone who works in the company I own. 9 She's my aunt's daughter. e Use a monolingual dictionary. f Explain things to your partner or group in Engtish. 10 He's someone who lives in the house next to mine. 3 Why are the tips in exercise 2 useful? Choose two which 1'1 She's someone in my Engtish class. you don't normatly do. Copy them onto a piece of paPer and stick it on the cover of your book so that you read it 12 He's someone in my family. every lesson! 4 On page 7,you learnt eight useful classroom questions. How many can you remember? Test yourself, then check your answers in audio script 1.3 on page 168.

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4 Match the sentence halves.Then write out the sentences, ffi_rynnencq\"* putting the verb in brackets in the correct past form. 1 Cross out the forms that are not possible or not correct. A 1 | believed / used to believe / would believe in ghosts when 1 My sister (break) her teg white ... I was young. 2 I (meet) my best friend when ... 3 The sun (shine) when ... 2 Did you would / Did you use to I Did you get into trouble 4 lt (rain) this morning so ... 5 The police (stop) him because... a tot when you were a chitd? B 3 Our parents usetoencourage / encouraged I would a my husband (give) me a lift to work. encourage us to try new sports and activities. b he (drive) too fast. c | (wake up) this morning. 4 She was a difficutt chitd. She didn'twoulddo I didn'tuseto d we (both work) in a sandwich bar. e she (ski). do I didn'tdo what she was told. 5 Wouldyou / Didyou / Didyou useto like eating sweets when you were a chitd? 2 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. any more stitt use used Contrasting past and present We _ to have such a lot of fun when we went out 1 usedto andwould together. ::\"\"\"' _2 I didn't to tike Thai food, but I do now. : i tlyou/Ue/She/ltlWe/They used to work. i i l/You/He/She/ltlWe/They would work. _3 Mr Franks doesn't work here longer. :l i 4 Once there was a huge factory here, but there isn't : i:: : UYou/He/She/ltlWe/They wouldn't work. any_. I : Did l/you/he/she/itlwe/they use to work? _There are some beautiful otd buitdings in the town centre. We use usedfo and would for habits in the past. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. i w*utd g* t* ths ayrfi e';*ry day\" 1 time/spend / l/ used / playingvideogames/a lotof /to 2 anyexercise/to/never I asal do /Ati/used/chitd lviy sister essed ta lzave r*aliy !t:*g hair. 3 to / use I did / in art / interested I Phil / be? There is no equivalent form of used to or would in the present. f *tsu*{dyg* i* tny parefi*' hcuse cfi Sundavs. 4 any I it / to I quiet here / but I itl be/ isn't/ longer/ used NOT J us* ta gs fs rny parents' hor,s* on Sundeys\" Would is common when we are te[[ing a story or remembering 5 didn't /to / have / relax/ use / to / enough time / | an evenl. 6 on / use /where / you I to / go / holiday I didT 7 used / any /tola beard/he/but/he/have/doesn't/more T!:iss* wcrs the b*st years ts! my life. I w*uld spe*d ali iay tn the 8 l/frightenedofspiders / am/l /be/and / used/ tolstitt For states in the past, we only use used to, not would. i::s*d€s {fve iff S#&ei. NOT J r.,:ovld ilv* in fiubai. We can always use the Past simple instead of used to or would. i wer?t rc the gym everv dav {r s's:e' ftad rea j4' jo rg trarr. 2 not ... any longer I not ... anymore These phrases mean that an action or state was true in the past, but is not true now. i use 4 i* riav .s*tleyball ev*ry Frldav, !s*t ! dazz't x*y l*ngcr. Arzd:*v; d*eslz't dri*k **ff** anynt*r* * ii glves hi* a he*tlache. 3 still We use stll/ when we want to emohasise that an action or state has not stopped or changed, but continues up to the present. i s*i|l:*ta**:**y fu3v; fright*::*o i w*s.

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Comparative and superlative adjectives 4 Big and small differences 1 One-syllable adjectives and two-syllable adjectives lf there is a large difference between two objects, we can use enorng In -y much and a lot. i Russia is much For sma[[ differences, we can use a little (bit) or slightly. 2 Other two-syllable adjectives and tonger adjectives 5 Common phrases with superlatives . byfarthemost ... | -est , Brazil is byfarthe larg*stcauntry in South Amerka. oneof the most ... | -est . Eaghdad is ane af the aldest cities in the warld. the secondlthird most ... / -est . Birmingham is the secand biggest rity in Englanri. the least The caach is the leasf expensive way ta get ta the airport. 3 lrregular forms REMEMBER! These superlative phrases are often followed by in + place. i bad i worse i the worst Buenas Aires is the bigEest eity in Argentina. ! gooa i b\"tt\", i the best i far i further I the furthest : REMEMBER! i . With short vowels we double the final consonant. i l\"tg.4gncf { ++thin thinner the thinnest 1 Rewrite the sentences so that they have the opposite . lf the adjective ends in -e, we only add -r or -st. meaning. Use the adjectives in brackets. It's the most potluted place I know. (clean) fine + finer --> the finest It's the cleanest place ! knaw. . -y changes to -ier and -rest. 1 The bus stop is nearer than the station. (far) - +busy busier the busiest 2 lt's the cleanest part of the city.'(dirty) 3 The traffic's better than I expected. (bad) 4 lt's the most interesting museum I know (boring) 5 Trains are more expensive than buses here. (cheap) 6 He parked in the nearest car park from here. (far) 7 lt's the most enormous beach l've ever seen. (tiny) 8 lt's the best restaurant I know. (bad) 9 lt's colder in the south of the country. (hot) '10 The north of the island is prettier than the south. (ugty) 2 Rewrite the incorrect sentences to make them correct. China is stightty bigger than the UK. China is a lat bigger than the tLK. 1 New Zealand is stightty sma[[er than Austra[ia. 2 London is much further north than Paris. 3 Cairo is stightty hotter than Moscow 4 France is a bit larger than Spain. 5 Hong Kong is stightty more populated than Canada. 6 Chile is much narrower than Argentina. 7 Brazil is stightty [arger than the USA.

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FEATURESAND SIGHTS an istand 3 Match the sentence hatves. ancient ruins a taKe a bay a marKel A a (sandy) beach a (historic) monumenl a bridge a mosque 1 There's an industriaI a canal a museum 2 Some of the views are a cathedrat a palace 3 The city has a very a ctiff a shopping mall 4 The market gets docks a sKyscraper 5 The locat people are a factory a temple 6 There are some very modern farmland a view a festivaI a viltage B a (rain)forest a waterfall a harbour a crowded at weekends. a hitt Lu -)^P^g-L+L^-O,,L1U--LOI. ADJECTTVES FOR. DESCRIBING PLACES tively arry mocern c skyscrapers in the centre. co[ourfuI o[d-fashioned d area just outside the citY. cosmopotitan peacefuI e livety atmosphere. crowded polluted f usuatty friendty. dangerous Poor romantic 4 Cover the word list and choose the correct answers' dirty smart -^^-+^-,.1-- 1 The otd town is worth see I seeing I to see. expensive 2 The ruins arein I on /atthe north ofthe country. friend[y :ou'l\"t historic 3 Paris is in I on / af the River Seine. industrial it's worth (seeing/ 4 Dubai is famous about / of lfor its shops' visiting, etc.) OTHER The tasks in Cutting Edge are designed to improve your it's famous for (its beaches/shops, etc.) speaking, but it is imPortant to work actively in these lessons. Tick the tips that you already foltow. it's in the north / it's on the coast I PRACTICE Before doing the task, spend a few minutes thinking n about what you are going to say and how you're 1 Choose the odd one out in each group. t going to say it. 1 bridge canal lake waterfall You can make some short notes to hetp you, but f 2 cathedral mosque Palace temPle don't write out every word! f ctiff beach docks lf you can, use language you already know, but if 3 bay you really need any new words, ask your teacher' L 4 apartment block ancient ruins shopping mal[ Look at the Useful language box and see if there are any phrases that you coutd use. (You do not need to skyscraper use all or most of these phrases, though - they are Cover the word list.Write the adjective form of these just there to use if you need them.) nouns to describe a place, Before you start, Practise'saying it in your head' or whispering it to yourself so that you feel romance more confident. 1 colour Concentrate on expressing what you want to say 2 peace and don't worry about making mistakes! Everyone 3 tourist makes mistakes when they are learning a language 4aft 5 history - it's how you learn. 6 crowd 7 pollution Listen to and be supportive of other students. B industry Remember, they may feel nervous about speaking in English, too! Hightight the tips that you think witt most help to improve your speaking. Compare your answers with other students.

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3 Complete the texts with the correct present perfect or Past simple form of the verb in brackets. REMEMBER! 1 In 1965, Pau[ McCartney (write) the most popular . lf we say how often the action happened, we always use the _song of all time,'Yesterday'. Since then, there (be) Present perfect simpte, because the focus is on the resutt. over 2,500 cover versions. l'vewritten ten / lats af emails taday. _2 Since he _(die) in 1977, Elvis prestey . NOT /'ye been writing ten emails. Like other continuous forms, we do not use the present oerfect (have) 31 hit singtes. During his lifetime, he continuous with'state' verbs. l've known Anne frsr years. (produce) over 60 hits, including l8 number ones. NOT /'ve been k nawing Anne for years. _ --3 Jack Nichotson (have) one of the longest careers in 2 for,since and how long? _Hotlywood - he (work) in the fitm industry for more . We use /or with periods of time. . I've been learning to drive for three manths\" _than 50 years. Over his career, he (receive) more We use since with points in time. _award nominations than any other actor, and he I've lived in this hause since 2AAT I I was born. _(win) three Oscars. He (win) Best Actor Award in . Sentences with for and since answer the question How long? _1975 and 1997 and he (receive) the Best Supporting How lang have yau been learning ta drive? ActorAward in 1983. (be) the most successfut of att time? t\"qnlsiici\"e _4 Which movie 1 Write the phrases in the correct column, _(make)lt is difficult to say.Avatar the most money five minutes ages and ages 6 o'clock months 2009 I was born 30 years ten seconds _since it _(appear) in 2009, but it onty (win) last summer three weeks whichthree Oscars. Titanic, (come) out in 1997, for _(win) 11 Oscars, and it (make) nearty five minutes S2 bittfon since its release. 2 Choose the best answers. Can you explain your decisions? Present perfect continuous l'vefinished / beenfinishing myessay and l'veemailed / been * j He/She/lt's been (= has been) working. emailing it to my teacher. 2 My cousin has stayed I been staying with us for a few weeks. i,,i'ii;i;;;ili1i\"i{ ti=*., l'm exhausted. I'veworked / beenworking realty hard since l/You/We/They haven't been (= have not been) working. 6 o'clock this morning. ? i Has he/she/it been working? i 4 l'm really pleased with myself - I've written I been writing ten :...-:1]::::':l,];]1::']1\"i]']:].].::]::.']::\".:.]i:',:i:1:1:|,.l::i]:.:]ij:|.']:l:ll:: pages of that report today. i Hiy:iH* l sybjea + been + -rhg 5 Why don't we stop and have a coffee? you've driven I been Uses of the Present perfect continuous driving for ages. The Present perfect continuous is [ike the present perfect simpte in 6 A: I tike your dress! a[[ the ways mentioned in section 1 on page '141. However, we use B: Oh, thanks, l've had I been having it for ages. .the Present perfect continuous if: 7 \\Ne've gone I been going to the same hotet for the tast we want to emphasise that the action is [ong or repeated. She's been trying to pass her driving test for years. five years - we love it! (Notice that we often use /or a nd since with the present perfect 8 The children have made / been making loads of biscuits. continuous.) Woutd you [ike to take some home with you? . the action is in progress / not comptete. l've been doing my homework. (= perhaps it is not finished) . l'vedone ny hamework. (= it is finished) we are more interested in the activity than the result. l'm really hot * I've been running. (the activity that made me hot) I've just run ten kilometres. (that's what I have achieved)

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Future forms for plans and intentions REMEMBER! We can use shal/ with / and we.We normal[y use this in the question 1 going to form to make offers or suggeStions. *i , t'.lyou're/He's/She's/lt's/We're/They're going to help. Compare the fo[owing pairs of sentences. i Wi{l I meetyau atthe statianT (= asking about a future fact) Shall I meet yau at the stationl (= an offer) i _- i f'n'-eynoatr/eYno'ut aren't/He isn't/She isn't/lt isn't/We aren't/ i i i Wiltrwe have dinner atthe hatel? (= 6t1;nt about a future fact) going to hetp. i Shallwe have dinner atthe hatell (= a suggest'on) i , j Ar l/Are you/ls he/ls she/ls itlAre we/Are they going : 4 Other ways to talk about the future : VERBS We use goingtoto talk about present intentions about the future. . hope: We're haping ta buy a f lat Iater this year. This can be the near future or the more distant future. . plan: t'm planning ta seil my scocter. l'm gai*g to have a bath in a few minutes\" (= the near future) . think:We'rethinking af having a party soan. Luey says she's gaing t* be a ba{let dancer one day. (= the distant future) PHRASES e . due fo: We use due to for something that is formally arranged. 2 Present continuous . The plane'sduetatakeoff in about 2A mi*utes. (be) about to: when something wi[[ happen very soon or . We use the Present continuous to talk about things we have immediately. Gemma'saboutta have a babv. already arranged for the future. l r$sfiq\"q\":r l'm meeting Tany this weekend\" (= l've arranged this) 1 Choose the correct meaning a-c. . What are you daing tanight? (= asking about your plans) In some cases, it doesn't matter whether we use the 1 l'm going to think about it. a a Dresent intention about the future Present continuous or going to. b a future prediction c a future definite arrangement l'm playing football rhis evening. I'm going ta ptay faatbatl this evening. 2 She'tt be 25 next month. l'n going shapping this afterno*n\" a a future prediction l'm gaing (te ga)\" shapping this afternoan. b a future fact . In other cases, there is a clear difference in meaning. c a present intention about the future 3 We're taking the train to Vancouver. We're going ta get married ane day. (= an intention) a a present intention about the future We're g*tting rnarried soan. (= the wedding is arranged) b a future definite arrangement c a future prediction 3 will 4 l'tt probabty work for my father. We use w// for tatking about things that we think wilt happen without any special plan or arrangement. We predict they witl a a Dresent intention about the future b a future fact happen or see them as a future fact. c a future prediction t can give it to her * f 'll see her at wark. (= | don't need to arrange this) l'm seeing my doctor on Thursday. I know l'ttforget;f ldan'twrite it down. a a future definite arrangement (= this is a future fact / I predict this witt happen) b a future fact c a Dresent intention about the future We're going to try and find a new flat. a a future orediction b a present intention about the future c a future definite arrangement Your books will be delivered on Thursday. a a present intention about the future b a future definite arrangement c a future fact * Some people think it is bad Engtish to repeat go tike this.

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WORD FAMILIES 3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word a distraction in brackets. an exPerience a faiture knowtedge She's very hard-working, so l'm sure she'lt be '. ...:..:::.:.-:::: imagination productive improvement profitable (success). a success WOR.K 1 | don't go on social networking sites at work. I find it badty paid chatlenging (distraction) competitive creative 2 This technology means we can (production) good communication skills q uatifications -more cars more quickly. good with money/numbers 3 -He teft his last job because he found it too opportunities (to trave[) physically fit responsibility (stress). OTHER secure 4 The doctor is very (experience). - ambitious assertive speciaI training 5 You need to be (determination) to get to the toP business sense a candidate stressfuI in this job. - clear thinking to deal with a problem wetl-organised 6 -In business, you have to take (responsible) for determined discipIined wett-paid your decisions. to enrol for a course an executive to work hours 7 How -(ambition) are you? focused to get promotion lon8 8 The book is futt of (imagination) pictures. hardworking 9 -His business lost a lot of money - it was a comptete _ (fait). - to nave exPeflence 10 My grandfather is very to have potential (knowtedge) about to make decisions maternity [eave locaI historv. to run a course a strength - to take responsibility tatent Keep good vocabulary notes to voIunteer a weaKness 1 What do you do when you meet a new English word or to work for a charity phrase that you want to remember? to work wetl in a team t\"rEoF\"Trq\"i I write it down in a special notebook that I keep n n 1 Match the words in A and B to make Phrases connected just for vocabulary. n with work. Can you remember any other Phrases connected with work? I write it down on any piece of paPer I have with me. tr n AB 3 I write it down with a translation. n 4 | write it down with a translation and an n 1 well d^ -P^o^:rlu n exampte sentence. 2 worK b to travel n 5 | don't write it down. lf it's important, I remember it. 3 opportunities c money 6 | mark the stressed sytlabte. 4 badty 7 | note the pronunciation in phonemic script. d training B I note the'part of speech'(noun, verb, adjective, etc.). 9 | use hightighting and different colours to make the notes more attractive. 5 communication e long hours 2 Discuss with other students which ideas in exercise 1 6 physicatly f skitts work best for you. Highlight any new ideas that you 7 good with g fit would tike to try. B special h organised 2 In each list, one word is not an adjective. Underline it and 3 Look back through Unit 5. Choose five new words and make notes about them using the ideas in exercise 1' make the necessary changes to make it into an adjective. 1 fit / assertive / success / inteltigent 2 ambitious / creative / talent / stressful 3 disciptined / chattenging / focus / secure 4 confident / determination / experienced / productive ::=

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Reported speech and reported questions f n questions, ask and want to know are common reporting verbs. In YeslNo questions, the verb is joined to the reported words with r/or whether. 1 Change of tenses She asked / wanted i il . i it was true i whether ; (or not). When we report someone's words afterwards, the verb forms often to know move into the past. This is because what they said is now in the past. ln Wh- questions, we do not need if or whether. 'What do you think?' He asked me whet ! thousht\" 3 Word order in reported questions The word order in reported questions is the same as in normal statements. Past simple i pre,rious yeat, i i Direct speech i Reported speech 'l'vefaand a new job i\"; ; ; - ;, : i i......-.....'............'!|'!..^^'^'C',.L*a^A^nanayiytoDr'u!echaalcmo/ eearty?' Sheaskediffcor{dcomeearly. iinnCanada.e i ininCCaannaaddaa.. : i'U'E;iddyyaouusseeeeaannyytthhiinngg i TThheeppootitcieceoofffifciecrerwwaantnetdedtotokknnoowwiiff i: : PresentPertect i PaSIPerreG : : susPlclousf i weraos€enanylnln8susPlclous. : i'l'mleavingtamarraw.' i hewasleavingthenextday' i a------------ i Prese^^n-rt:-c..^o..^ntinuous ii $-:---:--- nP^-a+ s-^t-+c;^o,,^n,,-tinuous :1 i'l'mgaingtostarta new !ife.' i hewasgaingtastart, ia new urc\" i'fltwrketeyauwhen iihgeyo.tTtuhldewrreit.etomewhenhe ! r Hetotdthathewascomingtotheparty. i lgetthere.' 2 He said he was coming to the party' i i willlwon't i wouldlwouldn't i i 'Yau cax ccme andsee me\"' i lcaatd come and see him. i 4 He said me he was coming to the party. i canlcan't i couldlcouldn't 5 He said to me that he.was coming to the party. i 6 He totd to me he was coming to the Party. 7 He totd that he was coming to the Party. REMEMBER! 8 He said that he was coming to the Party' . Notice the changes in place and time references in the reported 2 Put the words in the correct order to make reported questions. statements. here+there 1 the /was / me /teacher/whv/ late / asked / | . -last year the year before 2 us/home/he/were /if lwelasked/going Othermodal verbs (would,could,should,ought,might)donot change in reported speech. 3 her/was/asked lgoingl where/they/she 4 brother/where / my / know/was/wanted / l/ to . Alsonoticethechangesinpronounsusedinreportedspeech' +I helshe 2 Verbs and conjunctions used for reporting 5 him/how/didn't /was/l /he/ask . In statements, say and fel/ are the most common rePorting verbs. Look at how they are used. He said itwas true. NOT iie tl{d itwastrue. He totd me it was true. NOT #e said m e it was true. rre safd ro me f t was true. NOT He told ta me itwas true. These verbs can be followedby that, but it is not necessary.

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-edl-ing adjectives The passive 1 -ed adjectives 1 Simpte tenses Adjectives ending in -eddescribe our feelings about something or someone. :-tot- ;i i 't,oi;b.e.i+*n\"o.'tu i verb to be + if*Jl S*r*d at f ht part,S. (= I found the party boring) subject + i j i : 2 -ing adjectives i past participte Adjectives ending in -rng describe the thing or Person that has v';e;rjb;;to, be + an effect on us. : past participte i + past I*f*y s J*ssr:r.r w;s vs,\"y r'n*eresrfng\" (= the lesson interested me) i 3 Other -edl-ing adjectives i ?\"*i'iPl' It isn't (= ;g i ls it made? i!--Pj resent : tt's 1= 151 made. not) made. Past It was made. i lt wasn't i Was it made? , (= *\"s not) mad\"- : amazed/amazing i nterested/interesti ng ,i annoyed/annoying inspired/inspiring Present It's (= 6s51 i lt hasn't i Has it been bored/boring i rritated/i rritati ng perfect been made. ! (= has not) i made? confused/confusi ng moved/moving :: ::---i : i been made. i depressed/depressing pleased/pleasing disappointed/disappointing su rprised/su rprisi ng i Future i ft'tt (= wilt) be i lt won't , Wilt it be I embarrassed/embarrassins terrified/terrifying i i made. i (= will not) : made? | f rustrated/f rustrati ng worried/worrying i ; i bemade. i 2 Continuous tenses ffi ffiffi--%#T€trffi 3 Form subject + subject + verb ii verb fo be + Prssent verb to be + 1 Choose the correct adjectives. Past to be + not i subject + being + past being + past i being + past 1 That's a very irteresfed I interesting suggestion. P11l'jPl\" 2 The news isn't really surprised I surprising. Pl1i'itl\" i ?\"li'lPl: 3 There's no need to feel embarrassed I embarrassing. It's (= is) 4 /Why are you always late? Have you any idea how annoyed being made. It isn't (= is I ts it being not) being i made? annoying itisl It was being made. i made. 5 l'm afraid it was rather a bored / boring evening. It wasn't Was it being 6 l'm reatty pleased I pleasing to see how we[[ she's doing. (= was not) 7 The news report was extremely worrying I worried. being made. made? 8 | don't understand. l'm really confused I confusing. Complete the sentences with an -edl-ing adjective. 1 | was very d- when I failed my driving test again. 3 The difference between the active and the passive 2 The instructions for this phone are reatly c- . I don't In active sentences, the subject is the'doer'of the verb (the person who makes the action happen). understand them at att. 7he fi:'ef ighter re:ca*# l*E r'.ijjd. 3 After his divorce, Frank became more and more d-, (subject) (verb) 4 | was a- when I won the competition - | didn't exPect it In passive sentences, the'doer'of the verb is not the subject. at att! If* r*iid (subject) (verb) 5 My brother taps his hands on the table a[[ the time - it's a a_really REMEMBER! habit. lf we mention the'doer'of the verb, we use by + the Person. f-6 Why doesn't this printer work? Oh, it's so r fjrl;, ac,: ./7 --\\; :.:f,-by 5j:ts*rd,squgcw{ei\" ii;