Sách Tâm lý học đường

["B\u1ea3ng 10: Can thi\u1ec7p kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng (theo Jimerson v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2005) Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng H\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c Sau kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Trong kho\u1ea3ng Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c 1 ng\u00e0y\/tu\u1ea7n 1 th\u00e1ng \/n\u0103m th\u1eddi gian kh\u1ee7ng sau kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng sau kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u1ea3ng x\u1ea3y ra sau kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba - Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac - Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng - Di\u1ec5n t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng - L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng - B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 - \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi nguy trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 trong hi\u1ec3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng Can thi\u1ec7p y t\u1ebf - \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u y t\u1ebf - S\u01a1 c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 - Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c - C\u00e1ch ly TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG 147 nhi\u1ec7m - \u0110o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean - Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea3n - \u0110o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u1edf ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n - Quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc Can thi\u1ec7p t\u00e2m l\u00fd - S\u01a1 c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd - Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb\/ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba - Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9\/ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i - S\u01a1 c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ee3 - Can thi\u1ec7p kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng cho nh\u00f3m - H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ed3i - X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng - Tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u t\u00e2m l\u00fd - Tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u t\u00e2m l\u00fd - C\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 - Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb\/ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng","148 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng H\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c Sau kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Trong kho\u1ea3ng Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c 1 ng\u00e0y\/tu\u1ea7n 1 th\u00e1ng \/n\u0103m th\u1eddi gian kh\u1ee7ng sau kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng sau kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u1ea3ng x\u1ea3y ra sau kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng - Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng - T\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi - X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed7 \u1edf v\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00e2m l\u00fd - C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u00e2m l\u00fd - Cung c\u1ea5p t\u1edd r\u01a1i th\u00f4ng - X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, - C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u2013 - T\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c - Cung c\u1ea5p t\u1edd r\u01a1i th\u00f4ng - S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n - Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt - T\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ee9ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c - Tham gia nghi l\u1ec5 ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng - S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n - X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb - Cung c\u1ea5p t\u1edd r\u01a1i th\u00f4ng - Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u quy tr\u00ecnh tin - S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc theo di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1eddng - X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng tin nguy c\u01a1 Nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb - Tham gia nghi l\u1ec5 - X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ebfu - S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ban \u0111\u1ea7u - X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb c\u00f3 t\u1eed vong - X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 y t\u1ebf","M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau: B\u1ea3ng 11: Can thi\u1ec7p kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (Brock v\u00e0 Jimerson, 2004) Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng H\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. - Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng - Di\u1ec5n t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng 1. H\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng - L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng nguy hi\u1ec3m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 sang ch\u1ea5n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. 2. H\u1ecdc sinh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy hi\u1ec3m. 3. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG 149 Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9. 1. H\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \/nguy hi\u1ec3m - B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed1i nguy h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c 2. H\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. nguy hi\u1ec3m 3. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh an ninh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea5n an h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em - Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng - \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c Can thi\u1ec7p y t\u1ebf 1. \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u y t\u1ebf kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p - S\u01a1 c\u1ee9u 2. H\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng. - C\u00e1ch ly 3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p. - \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u y t\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3","150 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 - \u0110o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, C\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n 1. Cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi con - \u0110o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. - Quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc 2. H\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean. 3. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \/ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi h\u1ecdc S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nguy c\u01a1 sinh\/gia \u0111\u00ecnh - S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ban \u0111\u1ea7u 4. H\u1ecdc sinh quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc - Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u quy tr\u00ecnh - S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc theo di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n H\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \/ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u. tr\u01b0\u1eddng 1. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00e2m l\u00fd 2. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c can thi\u1ec7p t\u00e2m l\u00fd ban \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u can thi\u1ec7p - C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u2013 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00e2m l\u00fd chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. - T\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 3. C\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecdc sinh, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00e1c - Cung c\u1ea5p t\u1edd r\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c can thi\u1ec7p t\u00e2m l\u00fd, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. 4. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \/ho\u1eb7c thang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng em c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn can thi\u1ec7p t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p H\u1ecdc sinh, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c gi\u00fap h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra. 1. H\u1ecdc sinh hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. 2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra (c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh), c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00eam","Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 3. Ph\u00e1t t\u1edd r\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p (th\u00f4ng qua tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \/ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. 4. H\u1ecdc sinh, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng\/t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG 151 Can thi\u1ec7p t\u00e2m l\u00fd H\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, - S\u01a1 c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd - Can thi\u1ec7p kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng cho nh\u00f3m 1. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u1ee9ng - Tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u t\u00e2m l\u00fd ph\u00f3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c tr\u1ee3 - Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb\/ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng gi\u00fap th\u00edch h\u1ee3p tham gia. - H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng 2. H\u1ecdc sinh tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 3. Hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb \/b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch) v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n th\u00eam c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap. 4. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. 5. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m\/t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb quan tr\u1ecdng Nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m H\u1ecdc sinh tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng - Tham gia nghi l\u1ec5 nh\u1edb, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. - X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb 1. H\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, nghi th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft th\u00fac. 2. H\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.","S\u01a1 c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd S\u01a1 c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc (Psychological First Aid for Schools, PFA-S) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh can thi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecdc sinh, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p x\u1ea3y ra ngay sau \u0111\u00f3. PFA-S \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng ban \u0111\u1ea7u do c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p g\u00e2y ra, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 trong ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PFA-S c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng sau sang ch\u1ea5n, M\u1ef9, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean TVH\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam t\u1ea1i: https:\/\/www.nctsn.org\/sites\/default\/ iles\/resources\/pfa_- for_schools_no_appendices.pdf. PFA-S gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, t\u00e2m l\u00fd, h\u00e0nh vi) sau t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i qua sang ch\u1ea5n, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, nh\u00e2n \u00e1i v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y. PFA-S c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u h\u1ecd t\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n. T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n PFA-S? \uf06c\uf020Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sau sang ch\u1ea5n\/th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda \/tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong v\u00e0 sau s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. \uf06c\uf020Vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \uf06c\uf020C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh \uf06c\uf020\u0110au bu\u1ed3n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn sang ch\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \uf06c\uf020Nh\u1eefng can thi\u1ec7p ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0 PFA-S c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PFA-S khi n\u00e0o? PFA-S c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t ngay sau t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n sau m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n). Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o, PFA-S c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong khi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1eabn \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra. 152 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG","Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u01a1 c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh: \uf06c\uf020Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a PFA-S \uf06c\uf020Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nhu c\u1ea7u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \uf06c\uf020Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c can thi\u1ec7p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a \uf06c\uf020 C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i qua sang ch\u1ea5n \uf06c\uf020Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \uf06c\uf020C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng PFA-S. Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \uf06c\uf020\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, sang ch\u1ea5n n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111e d\u1ecda, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \/h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1eed vong, xung \u0111\u1ed9t, v.v.) ch\u01b0a? \uf06c\uf020Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng? \uf06c\uf020Nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 can thi\u1ec7p sau khi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra ch\u01b0a? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, ban gi\u00e1m hi\u1ec7u \/nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng? \uf06c\uf020 Tinh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \uf06c\uf020C\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o s\u1eafp t\u1edbi t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tham quan d\u00e3 ngo\u1ea1i, k\u1ef3 thi, t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 thao, l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng? \uf06c\uf020C\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng\/ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng? \uf06c\uf020 M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan n\u00e0o \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng? TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG 153","X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u01a1 c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: \uf06c\uf020C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \uf06c\uf020Th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng di\u1ec5n ra t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \uf06c\uf020M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: o S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebft o \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian di\u1ec5n ra t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \uf06c\uf020 C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, t\u1eed vong, ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, v.v.)? \uf06c\uf020T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \uf06c\uf020Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: o Tai n\u1ea1n o Th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean o C\u1ed1 \u00fd (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed, t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t) \uf06c\uf020M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \uf06c\uf020C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3y ra b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u1ea3y ra sau s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3), v.v.) \uf06c\uf020Tin \u0111\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 H\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \uf06c\uf020Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \uf06c\uf020\u0110\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng \uf06c\uf020 \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, v.v. \uf06c\uf020C\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \uf06c\uf020C\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 t\u1eed, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u1ef1 t\u1eed \uf06c\uf020C\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed lo l\u1eafng, nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t, k\u00e9m t\u1ef1 tin \uf06c\uf020C\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi nguy c\u01a1 \uf06c\uf020\u0110\u00e3 t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111au bu\u1ed3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m: o Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh o Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \/ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf b\u00ea 154 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG","o Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf o Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t y t\u1ebf o Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb thi\u00ean tai Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c s\u01a1 c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd \uf06c\uf020 Ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc cho ph\u00e9p. \uf06c\uf020 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u00e3y quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1. \uf06c\uf020 Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u li\u00ean l\u1ea1c sau khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n. \uf06c\uf020Cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c (th\u1ee9c \u0103n, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng). \uf06c\uf020\u0110\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. \uf06c\uf020Lu\u00f4n linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \uf06c\uf020N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n. \uf06c\uf020N\u00f3i ch\u1eadm, b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \uf06c\uf020L\u1eafng nghe c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn khi h\u1ecdc sinh ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe xem b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \uf06c\uf020H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef an to\u00e0n cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. \uf06c\uf020 Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \uf06c\uf020Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i. \uf06c\uf020\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn lu\u00f4n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho c\u00e1c em. \uf06c\uf020Ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a PFA-S l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t. \uf06c\uf020Ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. H\u1ecfi h\u1ecdc sinh xem c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1eef an to\u00e0n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u01a1 c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd cho nh\u00f3m PFA-S c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf h\u1ecdc sinh ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG 155","nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau: \uf06c\uf020\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lo ng\u1ea1i chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m. \uf06c\uf020 T\u1eadp trung th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. \uf06c\uf020Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng tin trong ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd. \uf06c\uf020Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n. \uf06c\uf020Chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. N\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, h\u00e3y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu \u00edch cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 sau. \uf06c\uf020N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean lo l\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c \u0111au kh\u1ed5, h\u00e3y ng\u1eaft l\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u00f3m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 th\u1edf ch\u1eadm m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u01a1i; sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n). \uf06c\uf020 N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00eam, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb g\u1eb7p h\u1ecd sau cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m. \uf06c\uf020T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a PFA-S Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau [1]. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu \u00edch. [2]. An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 [3]. \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh (n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n) ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n. [4]. Thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin: L\u00e0m d\u1ecbu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng hi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ecb cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y 156 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG","Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau [5]. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho h\u1ecdc sinh [6]. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c nhu l\u1ef1c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd [7]. Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng Gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n ph\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m gia [8]. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \/ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong v\u00e0 sau th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3y ra C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a PFA-S t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u trong v\u00f2ng 1 gi\u1edd, ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c tu\u1ea7n sau m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean h\u00e3y linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea1n d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lo ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i qua sang ch\u1ea5n. [1]. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u: Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, trao \u0111\u1ed5i, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m, b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n\/h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap: \uf06c\uf020Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \uf06c\uf020Xin ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap. \uf06c\uf020N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i. \uf06c\uf020H\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \u01afu ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 y t\u1ebf kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p \uf06c\uf020N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111ang g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, h\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, ph\u1ee5 huynh ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG 157","D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u: Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean Ch\u00e0o anh\/ch\u1ecb\/em\/b\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i l\u00e0_____. T\u00f4i l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean \/ph\u1ee5 huynh TVH\u0110, \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u00f3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. T\u00f4i \u0111ang li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \/ph\u1ee5 huynh \u0111\u1ec3 xem t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 \u1ed5n kh\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat? Li\u1ec7u t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi t\u00ean b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? _____, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 g\u00ec ngay l\u00fac n\u00e0y? H\u1ecdc sinh Ch\u00e0o ch\u00e1u, c\u00f4\/ch\u00fa l\u00e0_____. C\u00f4\/ch\u00fa l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean TVH\u0110, \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u00f3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. C\u00f4\/ch\u00fa \u0111ang li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u00e1c em c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng g\u00ec. C\u00f3 \u1ed5n kh\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu C\u00f4\/ch\u00fa n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ch\u00e1u trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat? [2]. An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t: T\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 v\u0169 kh\u00ed. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi xem c\u00f3 ai c\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi y t\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5: Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1: \uf06c\uf020Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp theo \uf06c\uf020Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng \uf06c\uf020Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd \uf06c\uf020Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \uf06c\uf020C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \uf06c\uf020C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \uf06c\uf020C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y t\u1edbi \uf06c\uf020X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i 158 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG","Khi cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n: \uf06c\uf020\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. \uf06c\uf020 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn trong khi tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. \uf06c\uf020S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, tr\u1ea5n an v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n. \uf06c\uf020Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, \uf06c\uf020C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh: \uf06c\uf020Vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng? \uf06c\uf020Li\u1ec7u em \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng? \uf06c\uf020Em \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghe b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i ch\u01b0a? \uf06c\uf020Ghi nh\u1edb: Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3. \uf06c\uf020H\u1ecdc sinh, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (nh\u1eafn tin, Twitter, Facebook, TV, radio, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, Internet). H\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nghe ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0o. \uf06c\uf020Kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecba ra th\u00f4ng tin Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean\/h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng: Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111au bu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i qua vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng tin, bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn; c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i khi kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft; h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc ho\u1eb7c nh\u1edb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u01a1 g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3). Theo th\u1eddi gian, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111au bu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau v\u00e0 nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an \u1ee7i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y sao nh\u00e3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ebd, nghe nh\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch s\u1ebd gi\u00fap xoa d\u1ecbu h\u01a1n TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG 159","tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y an to\u00e0n. Khi h\u1ecdc sinh mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, h\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u. [3]. \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh (n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n) \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n: \uf06c\uf020 T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n can thi\u1ec7p. Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i ngay sau v\u00e0i ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 xem t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap g\u00ec v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng. \uf06c\uf020Gi\u1eef b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, thay v\u00ec c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, v\u00ec c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng th\u00eam cho h\u1ecd. \uf06c\uf020\u0110\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd khi b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, quan s\u00e1t xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 hay kh\u00f4ng. \uf06c\uf020\u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c tham v\u1ea5n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \uf06c\uf020Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh, \uf06c\uf020 L\u00e0m r\u00f5 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt tin \u0111\u1ed3n. \uf06c\uf020C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ngay t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 [4]. Thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin: Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00e2y lo l\u1eafng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? B\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ea7n g\u00ec\/lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ngay l\u00fac n\u00e0y? - H\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m, mong mu\u1ed1n, lo ng\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi xem h\u1ecd c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nhu c\u1ea7u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n hay kh\u00f4ng. L\u01b0u \u00fd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n - m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y? N\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? - B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi: \uf06c\uf020B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong l\u00fac t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p x\u1ea3y ra? 160 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG","\uf06c\uf020B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng? \uf06c\uf020B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda kh\u00f4ng? \uf06c\uf020B\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd? \uf06c\uf020C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb7ng? \uf06c\uf020B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t li\u00ean l\u1ea1c, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n \u0111ang xa c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau? \uf06c\uf020B\u1ea1n (ho\u1eb7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n) c\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? \uf06c\uf020Th\u00fa c\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft hay b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng? \uf06c\uf020S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \uf06c\uf020Sau v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u0103n kho\u0103n g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n b\u1eadn t\u00e2m, lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng? \uf06c\uf020B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng? Can thi\u1ec7p PFA-S theo c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau \u1edf h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1ea3i qua t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p\/kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c can thi\u1ec7p PFA B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u2022 \\\"Ch\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u khi v\u1ee5 \u2022 Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng x\u1ea3y ra?\\\" ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i \u2022 \\\"Ch\u00e1u c\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111au kh\u00f4ng?\\\" v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7m \u2022 \\\"Ch\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y ai b\u1ecb \u2022 S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng?\\\" nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1ea5t \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2022 \\\"Ch\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\\\" \u2022 Mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an th\u00e2n y\u00eau to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh \u2022 \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p Lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp theo an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda \u2022 \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft \u2022 T\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1ec1 tinh v\u1edbi ch\u00e1u c\u00f3 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea7n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111au bu\u1ed3n m\u1ea5t do s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? Ai b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng hay m\u1ea5t? \\\" \u2022 K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u2022 \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p ti\u1ebfp theo \u2022 \u201cH\u00e3y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u2022 Gi\u00fap thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin g\u00ec ch\u00e1u hi\u1ec3u.\u201d v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n \u2022 \u201cCh\u00e1u c\u00f3 lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 an \u2022 Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin thu to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 an \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c l\u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee7ng ch\u00e1u b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng?\u201d ho\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG 161","V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c can thi\u1ec7p PFA \u2022 \u201cCh\u00e1u c\u00f3 lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 an \u2022 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 Lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc an to\u00e0n cho c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng?\u201d th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111e d\u1ecda \u2022 \u201cHi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u00e1u c\u00f3 lo l\u1eafng \u2022 Cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft Lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00e1u c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng?\\\" h\u1ecd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau B\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, c\u00e1c \u2022 \u201cC\u00f3 ai m\u00e0 ch\u00e1u quan t\u00e2m, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e1u th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nhu b\u00e8, \u0111ang m\u1ea5t t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng?\u201d c\u1ea7u y t\u1ebf \u2022 \u201cCh\u00e1u c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u2022 Cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng?\u201d t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c men \u2022 \u201cCh\u00e1u c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?\u201d \u2022 \u201cCh\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 ho\u1eb7c cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng?\u201d M\u1ea5t m\u00e1t (nh\u00e0 \u2022 \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \/nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u2022 T\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u1eeda. tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e1u c\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y kh\u00f4ng?\u201d \u2022 H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i, v.v.) ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u2022 \u201cC\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00e1u b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i kh\u00f4ng?\u201d \u2022 Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u2022 \\\"C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u00fa c\u01b0ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng?\\\" c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u2022 \u201cNh\u00e0 c\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn n\u01a1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1u c\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng?\u201d C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u2022 \u201cCh\u00e1u c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u2022 T\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \/ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u2022 Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 do l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng?\u201d c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u2022 \u201cCh\u00e1u c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111au bu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu ch\u00e1u l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?\u201d 162 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG","V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c can thi\u1ec7p PFA Suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u2022 \u201c\u0110\u00f4i khi nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh \u2022 Nh\u1eadn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 y t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u2022 \u1ede l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 cho ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c. Ch\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a?\u201d \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ecd H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u2022 \u201cCh\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u01b0a?\u201d \u2022 \u201cCh\u00e1u c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh \u2022 Gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u00e1u b\u00e8 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u2022 Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1u \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?\u201d c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u2022 \u201cCh\u00e1u c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i l\u1ef1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e1i khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi gia \u2022 \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e1u b\u00e8 khi ch\u00e1u ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn ai \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1? \u201d S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t \u2022 \u201cCh\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u2022 Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 r\u01b0\u1ee3u, ma t\u00fay ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed1c c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eebng suy ngh\u0129 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a?\u201d \u2022 K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u2022 \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00e1u c\u00f3 g\u1eb7p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u2022 \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p r\u01b0\u1ee3u ho\u1eb7c ma t\u00fay kh\u00f4ng?\u201d ti\u1ebfp theo C\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i \u2022 \u201c\u0110\u00f4i khi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u2022 Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7m sang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau kh\u1ee7ng ch\u1ea5n v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ho\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n m\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i bao gi\u1edd \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u2022 \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ch\u01b0a? \u201d ti\u1ebfp theo \u2022 \\\"C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hay \u0111\u00e3 \u2022 L\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi ch\u00e1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y b\u00e1o c\u00e1o sang ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng?\\\" \/m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00ec h\u1ecdc \u2022 \\\"Ch\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng m\u1ea5t \u0111i sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n?\\\" v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh vi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai Lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u2022 \u201cC\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u2022 Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1eafp t\u1edbi b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?\u201d h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG 163","[5]. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecdc sinh, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ngay t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3: Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ngay t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh\/nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean\/ho\u1eb7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n an r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1eabn \u1ed5n) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t). Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: L\u00e0m r\u00f5 nhu c\u1ea7u: Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u00f3. B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c \u0103n, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf, d\u1ea1y k\u00e8m, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t t\u00edch, v.v. Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u: H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecdc sinh, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). [6]. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecdc sinh, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch sau: T\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i chia s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c T\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, bao g\u1ed3m: \uf06c\uf020Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \uf06c\uf020Th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \uf06c\uf020Chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lo ng\u1ea1i \uf06c\uf020B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \uf06c\uf020D\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 164 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG","H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau: \uf06c\uf020H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n: l\u1eafng nghe, th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u2022 K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m chung v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n \uf06c\uf020C\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao, h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao b\u1ea1n \uf06c\uf020C\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \uf06c\uf020C\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea5n an b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \uf06c\uf020 L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin: nh\u1edd m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn; c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \uf06c\uf020H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t: c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, v.v. \uf06c\uf020H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t: c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf, thu\u1ed1c men, s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. [7]. Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecdc sinh, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m: \uf06c\uf020Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \uf06c\uf020Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd \uf06c\uf020H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 g\u00ec, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \uf06c\uf020Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 \uf06c\uf020\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecdc sinh, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng tin TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG 165","v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t c\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m sang ch\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0: \u201cCh\u00e1u \u0111ang c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d. Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3: \uf06c\uf020N\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ai \u0111\u00f3 (b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, th\u1ea7y c\u00f4, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean) \uf06c\uf020Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \uf06c\uf020Ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c \uf06c\uf020Tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c (th\u1ec3 thao, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, v.v.) \uf06c\uf020C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \uf06c\uf020T\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \uf06c\uf020Ngh\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i lao; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n \uf06c\uf020Vi\u1ebft nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \uf06c\uf020S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \uf06c\uf020T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c l\u00e0: \uf06c\uf020Gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau \uf06c\uf020X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u1ecd \uf06c\uf020H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean xem x\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \uf06c\uf020Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \uf06c\uf020N\u00e2ng cao \u00fd th\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Tham v\u1ea5n cho h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 sang ch\u1ea5n Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi sang ch\u1ea5n do h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng x\u1ea3y ra trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ho\u1eb7c do c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sang ch\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m l\u00fd, ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v.v.) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, 166 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG","chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c can thi\u1ec7p theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh vi (CBT) hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c. Qua c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 can thi\u1ec7p tham v\u1ea5n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean t\u1eebng b\u1ecb sang ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra g\u1ed3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sang ch\u1ea5n, cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lo \u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn sang ch\u1ea5n, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. 4.4. Stress, ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c: C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c d\u00e0nh cho chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean tham v\u1ea5n \u0110\u00f4i khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c, ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (Maslach, 2017). Ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao (Maslach, 2017). Freudenberger (1990) \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c trong: (a) th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; (b) c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t; (c) s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi; v\u00e0 (d) \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i, t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch), hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9m, ngh\u1ec9 l\u00e0m, suy gi\u1ea3m ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng th\u1ea5p (Maslach & Leiter, 2016; Rosen v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2006). T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7 (Armon, Shirom, Shapira, & Melamed, 2008; S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2004). Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean TVH\u0110 \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tham v\u1ea5n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh (Kim v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2018). N\u1ed9i dung ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 cho m\u00ecnh c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ra c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (Corey & Corey, 2020). Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Corey v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2020) \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG 167","b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. \uf06c\uf020 Xem x\u00e9t h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n: \u201cLi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y?\u201d, \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Ai hay \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf t\u00f4i?\u201d, \u201cLi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m c\u00f3 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng?\\\", \\\"N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c hay kh\u00f4ng?\u201d. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \uf06c\uf020 Xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u00e3y t\u1ea1m l\u1eafng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \uf06c\uf020Nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. \uf06c\uf020B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c bao nhi\u00eau, m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00f3. \uf06c\uf020T\u00ecm \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u00fd ngh\u0129a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u00edch thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean hay tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ni\u1ec1m vui khi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, tham gia c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. \uf06c\uf020Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t, ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i v\u00e0 th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m. \uf06c\uf020H\u00e3y d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ec1n, ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \uf06c\uf020Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. 168 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG","T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O 1. Adriani, L., Jannah, S. R., & Tahlil, T. (2020). Effectiveness of group coun- seling improvement of body image in princess adolescents in the middle school. EAS J Nurs Midwifery, 2, 51-8. 2. American Psychiatric Association - APA (2000). Diagnostic and Statisti- cal Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) 3. American School Counselor Association. ASCA Ethical Standards for School Counselors.(2016). 4. Armon, G., Shirom, A., Shapira, I., & Melamed, S. (2008). On the nature of burnout\u2013insomnia relationships: A prospective study of employed adults. Journal of psychosomatic research, 65(1), 5-12. 5. Bakhtiar, M., & Rahmatia, R. (2018). The Effectiveness of Group Counsel- ing Model through The Behavioral Rehearsal Approach to Overcome Student Social Anxiety. Journal of Education, Teaching and Learning, 3(2), 354-360. 6. Belser, C. T., Shillingford, M., & Joe, J. R. (2016). The ASCA Model and a Multi-Tiered System of Supports: A Framework to Support Students of Color with Problem Behavior. Professional Counselor, 6(3), 251-262. TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG 169","7. Bemak, F., Chung, R. C. Y., & Siroskey-Sabdo, L. A. (2005). Empowerment groups for academic success: An innovative approach to prevent high school failure for at-risk, urban African. Professional School Counseling, 377-389. 8. Brock, S. E. (2002). Crisis theory: A foundation for the comprehensive crisis prevention and intervention team. Best practices in school crisis prevention and intervention, 5-17. 9. Brock, S. E., & Jimerson, S. R. (2004). School crisis interventions: Strate- gies for addressing the consequences of crisis events. Handbook of school violence, 285-332. 10. Caldwell, C. D., & Cunningham, T. J. (2010). Internet addiction and students: Implications for school counselors. Retrieved February, 5, 2011. 11. Christie, D., & Viner, R. (2005). Adolescent development. Bmj, 330(7486), 301-304. 12. Corey, M. S., & Corey, G. (2020). Becoming a helper. Cengage Learning. 13. Desrochers, J. E., & Houck, G. M. (2014). Depression in children and ado- lescents: Guidelines for school practice. Silver Spring, MD: National Associ- ation of School Nurses. 14. Firman, F., Karneli, Y., & Hariko, R. (2018). Improving students\u2019 moral logical thinking and preventing violent acts through group counseling in senior high schools. Advanced Science Letters, 24(1), 24-26. 15. Freudenberger, H. J. (1990). Caring for the caregiver: Recognizing and dealing with burnout. J., Nottingham, H. Nottingham,(Eds.), The profession- al and family caregiver\u2014Dilemmas, rewards, and new directions, 20-27. 16. Gangwar, G., & Suwidha, D. (2016). A systematic review of literature on effect of internet addiction in adolescents. International Journal of Scientif- ic Research in Science and Technology, 2(5), 172-179. 17. Gerrity, D. A., & DeLucia-Waack, J. L. (2006). Effectiveness of groups in the schools. The journal for specialists in group work, 32(1), 97-106. 18. Grant, D. S., & Berkovitz, I. H. (1999). Values of long term group counsel- ing in middle and high school. Journal of Child and Adolescent Group Ther- apy, 9(1), 17-25. 19. Grant, K. L., Springer, S. I., Tuttle, M., & Reno, M. (2021). Small-group counseling intervention to support career exploration of rural middle school students. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 46(1), 108-127. 170 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG","20. Gysbers, N. C. (2012). Embrace the past, welcome the future: A brief history of school counseling. American School Counselor Associa- tion,(Ed.).(2012). The ASCA national model: A framework for school coun- seling programs. Alexandria, VA: Author. 21. Hajhosseini, M. (2016). Effectiveness of group counseling based on real- ity therapy on academic procrastination and behavioral self-regulation of students. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 10(3), 119-124. 22. Hazen, E., Schlozman, S., & Beresin, E. (2008). Adolescent psychological. Pediatrics in review, 29(5), 161. 23. https:\/\/portal.ct.gov\/-\/media\/SDE\/Special-Education\/bestpractices.pdf 24. https:\/\/www.nctsn.org\/sites\/default\/ iles\/resources\/pfa_for _schools_no_appendices.pdf 25. https:\/\/www.oregon.gov\/ode\/educator-resources\/standards\/ comprehensive_school_counseling\/Documents\/2bene its.pdf 26. https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/internet-gaming 27. https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/ tools\/TL200\/ TL272\/RAND_TL272.pdf 28. https:\/\/www.schoolcounselor.org\/getmedia\/ 2a38ea99-5595-4e6d-b9af-2ac3a00fa8c3\/Why-High-School.pdf 29. https:\/\/www.schoolcounselor.org\/getmedia\/ 7ed7a427-a87a-4609-a4e1-ee8e5358df29\/Why-Middle.pdf 30. Huberty, T. H. O. M. A. S. (2010). Depression: Supporting students at school. Helping children at home and school III: Handouts for educators. Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists. 31. Ismail, R., Aljunid, S. M. A. S., Latip, K. A., & Puteh, S. E. (2010). Effective- ness of group counseling in smoking cessation program amongst adoles- cent smokers in Malaysia. Medical Journal of Indonesia, 19(4), 273-9. 32. Kim, N., & Lambie, G. W. (2018). Burnout and Implications for Profes- sional School Counselors. Professional Counselor, 8(3), 277-294. 33. Kolbert, J. B., Williams, R. L., Morgan, L. M., Crothers, L. M., & Hughes, T. L. (2016). Introduction to professional school counseling: Advocacy, leader- ship, and intervention. Routledge. 34. Krisnanda, V. D. (2019). Effectiveness of managing emotion techniques in group counseling to prevent aggressiveness of high school students. TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG 171","Sosio e-Kons, 11(2), 108-114. 35. Lajos, P. (2012). Case Study of 13-year-old Boy Suffering from Depres- sion and Stuttering. Logopedia Silesiana, (1), 19-29. 36. L\u00ea Minh C\u00f4ng (2011), Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng nghi\u1ec7n internet \u1edf h\u1ecdc sinh THCS t\u1ea1i Tp Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0, \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai; Lu\u1eadn v\u0103n th\u1ea1c s\u0129 T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc. 37. Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2016). Latent burnout pro iles: A new approach to understanding the burnout experience. Burnout Research, 3(4), 89-100. 38. Mabeus, D., & Rowland, K. D. (2016). Reality Therapy in a Middle School Setting: Altering a Student's Perception. Georgia School Counselors Associ- ation Journal, 23, 48-52. 39. Morgan, E., & Huebner, A. (2009). Adolescent growth and development. 40. Motomura, N. (2009). School Crisis Intervention in Japan. Health Behavioral Science 2006. 41. Murphy, J. J. (2015). Solution-focused counseling in schools. John Wiley & Sons. 42. Nelson, J. R., Dykeman, C., Powell, S., & Petty, D. (1996). The effects of a group counseling intervention on students with behavioral adjustment problems. Elementary School Guidance & Counseling, 31(1), 21-33. 43. Ockerman, M. S., Mason, E. C. M., & Hollenbeck, A. F. (2012). Integrating RTI with school counseling programs: Being a proactive professional school counselor. Journal of School Counseling, 10(15), 1\u201337. Retrieved from http:\/\/ iles.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/EJ978870.pdf 44. Pranoto, H., Atieka, N., Wihardjo, S. D., Wibowo, A., & Nurlaila, S. (2016). Group guidance services with self-regulation technique to improve student learning motivation in Junior High School (JHS). Educational Research and Reviews, 11(24), 2146-2154. 45. Putrikita, K. A., & Sari, E. P. (2020). Group counseling to reduce academ- ic stress in senior high school students. Konselor, 9(4), 147-152. 46. Recommended citation: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Of ice of Population Affairs, Adolescent Development Explained. 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V\u00f5 Kim Duy, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecb Hu\u1ef3nh Mai, Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u1ec5n Giang H\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u1ecb Thi\u1ec7n Ng\u00e2n, Th\u00e1i Thanh Tr\u00fac (2021), Nghi\u1ec7n internet v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u1edf h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf, trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Y H\u1ecdc TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, T\u1eadp 25, S\u1ed1 2. 57. Weiner, B. Irving v\u00e0 Roger L. Greene (2008). Handbook of personality assessment. John Wiley & Sons, Inc 58. World Health Organization. (2006). Orientation programme on adoles- cent health for health care providers. 59. Wright, R. J. (2011). Introduction to school counseling. Sage Publications. 60. Zinck, K., & Littrell, J. M. (2000). Action research shows group counsel- ing effective with at-risk adolescent girls. Professional School Counseling, 4(1), 50. TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG 173","PH\u1ee4 L\u1ee4C 1 M\u1eabu quan s\u00e1t h\u00e0nh vi tr\u1ebb M\u1eaaU QUAN S\u00c1T H\u00c0NH VI Ng\u00e0y\/th\u00e1ng\/n\u0103m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H\u1ecd t\u00ean:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gi\u1edd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\/K\u1ebft th\u00fac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . H\u00e0nh vi 1 2 ngh\u1ec9 3 4 5 T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee8ng x\u1eed th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n Gi\u01a1 tay khi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u Theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \uf06c\uf020Ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u x v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u00f4 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ti\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc sinh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed h\u00e0nh vi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng 174 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG","PH\u1ee4 L\u1ee4C 2 M\u1eabu ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n PH\u1eceNG V\u1ea4N \u0110\u00c1NH GI\u00c1 TR\u1ea0NG TH\u00c1I T\u00c2M TH\u1ea6N T\u00ean tr\u1ebb:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tu\u1ed5i. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Gi\u1edbi. . . . . . . Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. . . . . . . . . \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. . . . . . . . . .Ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng: (n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. H\u00e3y n\u00f3i cho bi\u1ebft h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 m\u1ea5y? ........................................................ 2. H\u00e3y n\u00f3i cho bi\u1ebft th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng m\u1ea5y? ........................................................ 3. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft m\u00f9a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u00f9a g\u00ec? ........................................................ 4. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft n\u0103m nay l\u00e0 n\u0103m n\u00e0o? ........................................................ 5. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 bu\u1ed3ng (t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0o)? ........................................................ 6. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? ........................................................ 7. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c qu\u1eadn (huy\u1ec7n) n\u00e0o? ........................................................ 8. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o? ........................................................ B. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1eadn (tr\u00ed nh\u1edb t\u1ee9c th\u00ec) \u0110\u1ecdc t\u00ean 3 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 (qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o, c\u00e1i b\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u2026) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; sau \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ebb nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n (ghi 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang. Xin nh\u1eafc t\u00ean 3 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 cho t\u1edbi khi tr\u1ebb thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 3) ........................................................ C. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n: - Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ebb l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh 100 \u2013 7 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp (d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i sau 5 l\u1ea7n) (ghi 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang) ........................................................ - N\u1ebfu tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 l\u1ea7n nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p 100 \u2013 7, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ebb l\u00e0m li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c: \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 t\u1eeb: H\u01af\u01a0NG -> GN\u01a0\u01afH. (S\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m ghi b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00fang theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb) ........................................................ TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG 175","D. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed3i \u1ee9c nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i: - Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ebb nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i t\u00ean 3 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf ph\u1ea7n B. (cho 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang.) ........................................................ E. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef: 1. G\u1ecdi t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt: (cho 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00fang t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt) - \u0110\u01b0a tr\u1ebb xem m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? ........................................................ - \u0110\u01b0a tr\u1ebb xem m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00fat ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? ........................................................ 2. Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u (\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh l\u01b0u lo\u00e1t trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef) Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ebb nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u \u201ckh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3, n\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0ng, m\u00e3i\u201d (n\u1ebfu nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m) ........................................................ 3. M\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh theo 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: \u0110\u01b0a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ebb b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u201cC\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng tay ph\u1ea3i, g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e0n nh\u00e0\u201d. Ghi 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang ........................................................ 4. \u0110\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn: \u0110\u01b0a tr\u1ebb m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y to c\u00f3 ghi r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh (\u201cH\u00e3y nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u1ea1i\u201d). Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo: cho 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang ........................................................ 5. Vi\u1ebft: \u0110\u01b0a tr\u1ebb m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ebb vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 (c\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3\u2026 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c). Cho 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ebfu vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ........................................................ F. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ebb v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd s\u1eb5n, h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i g\u1ed3m 10 g\u00f3c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 2 g\u00f3c l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o nhau. Cho 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ebfu v\u1ebd \u0111\u00fang ........................................................ 176 TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH T\u1ed0T KHI L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TRONG NH\u00c0 TR\u01af\u1edcNG"]