Class-6

Subject : English Day-1 Lesson: Gobin and Grandpa Activity -1 Read the following passage with the help of the word meaning given at the end of the text. (Part-1) Two of the most interesting characters I have met are my little brother Gobin-aged two months and my great grandfather – aged ninety-seven years two months.I am interested in both. To my amazement their needs are similar and yet I would have thought that grandpa would have had fewer needs than Gobin. After all Gobin has need to develop the habits of taking care of himself whereas grandpa has already learned these things, yet I have heard mummy say that Gobin is too young to eat meat and grandpa is now too old for it. Gobin must be treated with care and gentleness because his bones are weak through lack of age- grandpa’s bones are weak because of over age. The house must be quite when Gobin sleeps because he walks so easily. Grandpa always goes early to bed and otherwise spends much of his time dozing in his rocking-chair. Grandpa has outgrown the use of a comb and Gobin has not yet grown old enough to need one.Gobin has not yet developed the need to use a toothbrush. Grandpa stopped cleaning his last remaining tooth four years ago and cannot manage with the new fangled false ones. New Words amazement: surprise/overwhelming wonder, astonishment character: nature of a person dozing: a light sleep gentleness: the state of being gentle rocking: shaking, swaying or moving back and forth fangled: fangs (pointed) like teeth Activity-2 i. Copy\" New words\" from activity no. 1 in your exercise book. Answer: ii. How old is grandpa? iii. how old is Gobin? Day-2 Lesson: Gobin and Grandpa Activity -1 Read the following passage with the help of the word meaning given at the end of the text. (Part-2) Gobin is quite inactive having not yet the strength or ability to walk by himself. Similarly, grandpa is unable to walk because he was ‘screw’! Little Gobin is without understanding and wisdom, and my grandfather is past the age of having to understand-his attitude to be wise (as he was a few years ago) is now gone with his memory. Sounds mean nothing to either of them. Grandfather cannot hear them and Gobin is not yet interested in where they come from or what they mean. Sometimes grandpa utters little mumbling noises to himself which mean nothing to either himself or anybody else- unless little Gobin understands them because he also does the same thing-perhaps they are talking to each other in a language of their own! Both need warmth and are well-wrapped up in shawls. Grandpa sucks his pipe while little Gobin sucks his thumb.Peraphs this is what the adults mean when they say, ‘He is a chip off the old block!’- Oh, I forgot to tell you that grandpa’s name is Gobinda! Learning New Words Attitude : way of thinking chip: a small piece strength : the quality or degree of being strong mumbling: talking/murmuring to yourself --1--

Class-6 screws: part of a body fastened with screws, rods and plates to keep it erect utter: to speak Activity - 2 Copy\" learning new words\" in your exercise book from activity 1 (day-1 and day 2) Answer them: i. Why is Gobin inactive? ii. Why do sounds have no meaning to grandpa? Day-3 Lesson: Gobin and Grandpa Activity - 1 Read the passage “Gobin and Grandpa” given on page No 3 &4 of your text book twice. Activity - 2 Use your dictionary and write the meaning of the following word and use them in the sentences of your own. i.angled ii. attitude iii. chip iv. strength v. mumbling vi.screws Day-4 Lesson: Gobin and Grandpa Activity - 1 Study the word meanings given on day 1 and day 2 once again. Activity-2 Match the words under ‘A’ with their meanings under ‘B’. AB a. Character i surprise b. chip ii nature of a person c. mumbling iii to speak d. fangled iv murmuring to yourself e. utter v light sleep a small piece f. dozing vi a small piece g. amazement vii fangs like teeth h. strength viii way of thinking i. attitude ix degree of being strong Day-5 Lesson: Gobin and Grandpa Activity- 1 Read the passage “Gobin and Grandpa” given on page No 3 &4 of your text book twice. Activity - 2 A. Replace the underlined words/phrases with a word from the passage having the same meaning. i) My sister was sleeping when I entered her bedroom. ii) He is completely crazy and has lost his intelligence. iii) Ram is talking to himself while wa-sh-2in-g- his clothes

English iv) His mother covered the baby with a large piece of cloth used for wrapping round the shoulders. B. List out six similarities between Gobin and Grandpa. Day-6 Lesson: Gobin and Grandpa Activity- 1 Read the passage “Gobin and Grandpa” given on page No 3 &4 of your text book once again. Activity- 2 A. Write True or False. i The writer is amazed that his brother and grandfather have many similarities. ii The writer doesn’t like his grandpa. iii Grandpa has real fangs. iv The family has to take care both Gobin and Grandpa. B. Find the words from the same passage which are similar in the meaning to the following. i. surprise ii. grown too big iii. Intelligence iv. talking Day-7 Lesson: Gobin and Grandpa Activity -1 Read the passage given on page No 3 &4 of your text book and also watch a video on You tube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NsuyAzuuDo Activity-2 Answer the following questions. a. How old are Gobin and Grandpa? b. Why does Gobin not need a tooth brush? c. How are grandpa and Gobin similar in terms of wisdom? d. Why Gobin is called a ‘chip off the old block’? e. In what way do they seem to understand each other very well? Day-8 Letter Writing Activity-1 Read/Learn the format of writing a personal letter. 1 Sender’s Address : Address of letter sender Eg: Begnastal /Pokhara /Mohariya / Kathmandu 2. Date: i.e. on which date/day you write a letter Date format : dd/mm/yy OR, m/dd Eg: 2nd Feb 2020, OR March 9 3. Salutation (Greeting) : To whom you are writing a letter. E.g. Dear Friend / Father / Mother / Uncle /Aunt /Brother /Sister etc. 4. Body (actual message): i. Introduction: ask about the person days and health and write the purpose of the letter --3--

Class-6 ii. Main Content: all the necessary details . iii. Concluding 5. Complementary Close :Yours lovingly,Yours sincerely,With love,Ever yours, etc. 6. Sender’s Name & Signature Activity- 2 Copy the above format of writing a personal letter in your exercise book. Day-9 Letter Writing Activity-1 Read the format of letter writing which is given on day 8 and also read the letter given below. Pokhara, Kaski 28th June , 2020 Dear Sanju, How are you? Hope everything is OK. I’m writing to let you know that I’ve decided to visit Kathmandu next week with my friends. As you know Kathmandu is really a nice place, we're really excited about this trip. Raju, Ankit, Suman and Samjhana all are coming with us. We’re planning to stay there for a week. We’ll stay there in my Uncle’s hotel. What’s more, you know! My uncle will charge nothing for rooms and food. Hello! Sanju, why don’t you join us? Everybody in our group is asking about you. As you’ve already visited Kathmandu, you’ll help us to visit the place. Write to me about it. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. With love Ranjana Sign………. Activity-2 Write a letter to your friend telling him/her about your village or town. Day-10 Lesson: Letter Writing Activity-1 Read the format of ‘personal letter writing’ which is given on day 8 and also read the letter given on page No 8 of your English text book. Activity-2 Write a letter to your friend describing about ‘Preventive Measures of ( Corona Virus) Covid-19’. Day-11 Lesson: Cycling Activity-1 Read the passage “Cycling” given on page No 14 &15 of your text book and watch a video on You tube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NsuyAzuuDo --4--

English Activity-2 Write the meaning of given words by using your dictionary. a. benefit d. pastime b. idle e. inactive c. medium Day-12 Lesson: Cycling Activity-1 Read the passage “Cycling” given on page No 14 &15 of your text book twice. Activity-2 A. Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the passage. a. According to the writer cyclists are of two ………. groups. b. By moving slowly ………… can enjoy the scenes around. c. Cycling provides…………, the need of which is felt by most people. d. The art of…………………. Must be developed. e. Passengers who travel in cars, buses and trains are………. . . B. Match the words under ‘A’ with their meanings under ‘B’. AB i. blessing speed ii. countryside limited iii. pace break iv. beat advantage v. restricted rural area Day-13 Lesson: Cycling Activity-1 Read the passage “Cycling” given on page No 14 &15 of your text book once again. Activity-2 A. Find the words from the same passage which are similar/opposite in the meaning to the following. i. idle (synonym) ii. inactive(antonym) iii. benefits(synonym) iv. interesting (antonym) B. Rearrange the following sentences in the correct order. a. There are at least two distinct types of cyclists. b. Many people say that cycling is a hard work, but a practiced rider will not agree with this. c. Such vehicles should be restricted to the aged and to those not enjoying good health. d. Cycling is a popular pastime because it has several benefits. Day-14 Lesson: Cycling Activity- 1 Read the passage “Cycling” given on page No 14 &15 of your text book and watch a video on You tube https://www.youtube.com-/w-5at-c-h?v=9NsuyAzuuDo

Class-6 Activity-2 Answer the following questions. a. What does the writer mean by idle passengers? b. What are the benefits of cycling? c. Why should petrol driven vehicles be restricted to the aged people? d. What are the disadvantages of idle passengers? e. Give two reasons why we are unable to exercise regularly? Day-15 Lesson: Sentence Learn about ‘Sentences, their types and their structures’ with examples given below. A sentence is a group of words that makes a complete sense. Words are grouped in a certain order to express different functions.On the basis of functions and structures, sentences are generally categorized into four types. They are- 1. Assertive sentence : Sentence which usually begin with a noun or pronoun or clause and end with a full stop. Noun/pronoun/clause……full stop E.g. She heard the good news. ii. They will come here. 2. Interrogative sentence: Sentence beginning with an auxiliary verb or Wh-word and ends with a question mark(?). Auxiliary+ sub+ verb….?(yes/no question) E.g. Where are you going? WH+aux+verb…..?(WH question) Did she help you? 3. Imperative sentence: Sentences that express requests,orders,suggestions and instructions are imperative sentence. They are also of two types- i.Positive ii Negative Structures: i. Verb+…..full stop ii. Don’t……….full stop E.g. Shut the door. Don’t shut the door. 4. Exclamatory sentence: Exclamatory sentence generally ends with a sign of exclamation (!) Interjections…………. What…..! How…………..! E.g. Alas! He failed the exam. What a lovely place! How honest she is! Activity-2 Answer them. a. What is a sentence? b. Write the types of sentence. Day-16 Lesson: Sentence Activity-1 Read page No 1, 2 & 3 of your Grammar text book to get more information about Sentence. Activity-2 Answer them. a. What is an assertive sentence? Give 5 examples. b. What is an interrogative sentence? Give 5 examples. --6--

English Day-17 Lesson: Sentence Activity- 1 Read page No 1, 2, 3&4of your Grammar text book for more details about Sentence. Activity-2 Answer them. i. What is an exclamatory sentence? Give 5 examples. ii. What is an Imperative sentence? Give 5 examples. Day-18 Lesson: Sentence Activity-1 Study activity no 1 of day 15 once again. Activity-2 d. …………… mean! Use what or how in the blank spaces. e. ………….Lovely speech! a. …………..a beautiful garden it is! b. ……………….a boring film! c. …………… wonderful! Day-19 Lesson: Sentence Activity-1 Read page No 3, 4& 5 of your Grammar text book . Activity-2 Write the structure of assertive, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentence with 2 examples each. Day-20 Lesson: Sentence Activity-1 Read page No 4,5 & 6 of your Grammar text book . Activity-2 Add suitable punctuation marks to the following sentence. a. What a beautiful sari b. He was the first person to make the double firing rifle c. May I come in, sir d. What straight hair he has got e. Her father is a doctor in a hospital f. Ouch my head is aching g. Do you like tea or coffee --7--

Class-6 Day-21 Lesson: Sentence Activity-1 Read page No 5,6 & 7 of your Grammar text book as well as read activity - 1 of day 15 and answer the following questions Activity- 2 Rearrange the following words to form the sentences indicated in the brackets and use appropriate punctuation marks. a. Race/ the /wins /steady /slow and (Assertive) b. you /others/ help (Imperative) c. What/ beautiful /a /it/ is /garden (Exclamatory) d. Biratnagar/ in/ live /doesn’t/ she (Assertive) e. foot/ ouch /my (Exclamatory) f. tooth//brush/ what/ kind /use/ you /of do(Interrogative) g. Did /when/ visit/ uncle’s/ you /house/ your (Interrogative) Day-22 Lesson: Sentence Activity- 1 Read page No 6 ,7 & 8 of your Grammar text book to solve the following problems . Activity- 2 A. Find the antonyms /opposites of these words. i.joy ii. income iii. kill iv. hot v. male vi. bottom B. Rearrange these words to make five imperative sentences. a. poor/ help/ the b. likes /whatever /do /let /him /he c. your /homework/ me/ show d. note /copy/ cover/ your e/ e. make/ a/ noise/ don’t Day-23 Lesson: Sentence Activity- 1 Read page No 8 & 9 of your Grammar text book . Activity-2 Write a paragraph about your School. Day-24 Lesson: Noun Activity-1 Read the following text about “Noun and its kinds” A noun is a part of speech that denotes a person, place, thing, idea, action or quality. Kathmandu, Pokhara, Cow, Army etc. are some examples of noun. There are five kinds of nouns. They are- 1. Proper noun: Proper noun is the name of particular person,palce,animal,thing,etc. E.g. Pokhara, Kathmandu, The Kantipur Daily, Karnali, Rita, Gita etc. 2. Common noun: A noun that gives a common name to a person,a place, an animal or a thing is known as common noun. E.g. animal, river, girl, mother, cow etc. --8--

English 3. Collective noun: The noun of a collection of persons, places or things taken together is known as collective noun. E.g. army. team, bunch, galaxy etc. 4. Material noun: Material noun denotes the matter or substances of which things are made.|It doesn’t have a plural form. E.g. milk, gold, silver, water, glass, cup etc. 5. Abstract noun : An abstract noun denotes quality ,state, emotion which we only can feel but cannot see and touch. E.g. Love, hate, poverty, cleverness, happiness, honest etc. Activity-2 a. What is a noun? b. Make a list of the types of nouns with five examples of your own. Day-25 Lesson: Noun Activity-1 Read page No 10,11 & 12 of your Grammar text book for more details about Noun . Activity-2 Answer them. a. What is a common noun? b. What is a proper noun? c. Write 10-10 examples of proper and common nouns. Day-26 Lesson: Noun Activity-1. Read page No 11, 12& 13 of your Grammar text book and also read activity No. 1 of day 24. Activity-2 Answer them. a. What is an abstract noun? b. Underline the nouns in the following sentences and write their types. i. Monty is a clever fellow. ii. Kathmandu is the capital city of Nepal iii. A horse is an animal. iv. The army is near the gate. v. This cup is made up of glass. vi. Honesty is the best policy. Day-27 Lesson: Noun Activity- 1 Read page No. 14& 15 of your Grammar text book. Activity-2 Answer them: a. What are countable nouns? Write 20 examples. b. What are uncountable nouns? Write 20 examples. --9--

Class-6 Day-28 Lesson: Noun Activity-1 Read page No. 16& 17 of your Grammar text book. Activity- 2 A. Change the following words in to plural. a. girl b. woman c. louse d. ox e. pen f. foot g. calf h. man B. Change the following words in to singular. a. foxes b. cities c. leaves d. knives e. men f. wives Day-29 Lesson: Noun Activity- 1 Read the following points about ‘Gender of nouns’. • A noun that shows a male is a masculine gender .E.g. man, prince, bull, tiger, dog etc • A noun that shows a female is a feminine gender. E.g. woman, princess, tigress etc. • A noun that shows either male or female is a common gender. E.g. teacher, doctor etc. • Nouns that show neither male nor female are neuter gender. E.g. book, ball, hat etc Activity-2 Change these nouns into feminine gender. man …………… husband……………. poet………. lady………… uncle………….. milkman……………… bride groom…………… cow………………. nephew………….. horse……………… tiger……………. widower……….. Day-30 Test Yourself F.M=30 1. Read the following passage and do the activities that follow. 15 Two of the most interesting characters I have met are my little brother Gobin-aged two months and my great grandfather – aged ninety-seven years two months. I am interested in both. To my amazement their needs are similar and yet I would have thought that grandpa would have had fewer needs than Gobin. After all Gobin has need to develop the habits of taking care of himself whereas grandpa has already learned these things, yet I have heard mummy say that Gobin is too young to eat meat and grandpa is now too old for it. Gobin must be treated with care and gentleness because his bones are weak through lack of age-grandpa’s bones are weak because of over age. The house must be quite when Gobin sleeps because he walks so easily. Grandpa always goes early to bed and otherwise spends much of his time dozing in his rocking-chair. Grandpa has outgrown the use of a comb and Gobin has not yet grown old enough to need one. Gobin has not yet developed the need to use a toothbrush. Grandpa stopped cleaning his last remaining tooth four years ago and cannot manage with the new fangled false ones. A. Write true or false. 4*1=4 a. The family has to take care of both Gobin and Gobinda. b. Gobin’s bones are strong. --10--

English c. The writer likes his grandpa. d. Grandpa combs his hair. B. Answer the following questions. 4×1.5=6 a. What is the name of grandpa? b. Why is Gobin inactive? c. How old are Gobin and Grandpa? d. What is the meaning of “grandpa has outgrown the use of comb”? 2. Use the following words/ phrases in your own sentences. 5×1=5 I .idle ii. attractive iii to the maximum iv. interest v. amazement 3. Underline the nouns in the sentences and write their types. 5×1=5 a. What lovely it is a place (Exclamatory) b. Pokhara in live doesn’t she (Assertive) c. foot ouch my (Exclamatory) d. toothbrush what kind use you of do(Interrogative) e. Did when visit sister’s you house your (Interrogative) 4. Add suitable punctuation marks to the following sentence. 5×1=5 a. What a beautiful sari b. He was the first person to make the double firing rifle c. May I come in, sir d. What straight hair he has got e. Her father is a doctor in a hospital 5. Write a paragraph on ‘’ My best friend”. 5 Day-31 Lesson: The Cab Woman Activity- 1 Read the passage “The Cab Woman” given on page No 27&28 of your text book with the help of word meaning given below. Word meaning i. compassion: kindness vii. adept: skillful ii. eke out: making a living with difficulty viii. fumble: use the hands nervously to find iii. petite: attractively small and dainty something iv. sneer : give a scornful or mocking smile ix. derogatory: insulting v. accomplishment: something that has x. bestowed upon: gifted/given as respect been achieved successfully xii. cackle: laugh in a loud unpleasant way Activity-2 Copy the ” Word meaning” in your exercise book. Day-32 Lesson: The Cab Woman Activity- 1 Read the passage “The Cab Woman” again given on page No 27, 28 &29 of your English text book. Activity-2 A. Using your dictionary write the meaning of these words. i. curiosity ii. adopt iii. fumble iv. attribute v. cackle v i. derogatory --11--

Class-6 Day-33 Lesson: The Cab Woman Activity- 1 Read the passage “The Cab Woman” given on page No 27, 28 &29 of your English text book. Activity- 2 Copy the glossary from page No. 29 of your English text book. Day-34 Lesson: The Cab Woman Activity- 1 Read the passage “The Cab Woman” given on page No 27, 28 &29 of your English text book . Activity-2 Match the words under ‘A’ with their meanings under ‘B’. AB i. compassion something that has been achieved successfully ii. eke out give a scornful or mocking smile iii. petite making a living with difficulty iv. sneer attractively small and dainty v. accomplishment kindness Day-35 Lesson: The Cab Woman Activity- 1 Read the passage “The Cab Woman\" given on page No 27, 28 &29 of your English text book. Activity- 2 A. Use the following words/ phrases in your own sentences. i. cat call ii. attractive iii to the maximum iv. curiosity v. eke out B. Rearrange the following sentences in the correct order. a. Kamala lost her father when she was infant. b. She worked as a maid in a nunnery. c. She took the profession of driving a cab. d. She moved on to Kathmandu. e. She is a skilled driver and demonstrates patience and tolerance while driving. Day-36 Lesson: The Cab Woman Activity- 1 Read the passage “The Cab Woman” given on page No 27, 28 &29 of your English text book once again. --12--

English Activity- 2 Answer the following questions. a. Where was Kamala born? b. Why didn’t she go to school? c. She says that, there are risks. What are they? d. How did kamala’s mother raise her children? e. Why do you think the microbus drivers treat her rudely? Day-37 Lesson: The Cab Woman Activity- 1 Read the passage “The Cab Woman” about Kamala given on page No 27, 28 &29 of your English text book once again. Activity- 2 A. Write True or False. a. She did not work hard to earn money. b. Life was difficult for Kamala in the village. c. Her father died when she was young. d. She is always smiling even at the end of a long difficult day. e. Her mother raised them very comfortably. B. Replace the underlined words/phrases with the words from the passage having the similar meaning. a. Kamala is always smiling even at the end of a long difficult day. b. She drives a cab. c. In the beginning Kamala lived in a convent in Kathmandu. d. Kamala has chosen driving taxi as her work. e. Microbus drivers often give her cat calls and make insulting remarks. Day- 38 Lesson: Dragonflies Activity-1 Read the passage “Dragonflies” given on page No 42 &43 of your English text book with the help of the word meaning given below. Word meaning specie : kinds/types buzz: a continuous, humming noise spots: act of noticing something endangered: in danger/at risk swoops: to move quickly downwards in the air munch: eat/chew bite: to attack with the teeth sting: prick/bite appetite: hunger range: varity soars: to fly Activity-2 Copy the above word meaning in your exercise book. Day- 39 Lesson: Dragonflies Activity- 1 Read the passage “Dragonflies”.and glossary given on page No 42,43 &44 of your English text book . --13--

Class-6 Activity- 2 Copy the’ Glossary’ in your exercise book which is given on page No 44 of your English text book. Day-40 Lesson: Dragonflies Activity- 1 Read the passage “Dragonflies” and word meaning given on page No 42,43 &44 of your English text book. Activity- 2 iv. species v. swoop vi. silent Write the meaning of the following words. i. ancient ii. leech iii. doubtful Day-41 Lesson: Dragonflies Activity- 1 Read the passage “Dragonflies” and word meaning given on page No 42,43 &44 of your English text book. Activity- 2 Match the words under ‘A’ with their opposite meanings under ‘B’. AB tropical certain doubtful cold rare fall Soar common Day-42 Lesson: Dragonflies Activity- 1 Read the passage “Dragonflies” given on page No 42&43 of your English text book once again. Activity- 2 Answer the following questions. a. Write the name of two types of dragonflies. b. Where can we find the largest dragonfly today? c. Write down the difficulties one has to face while in search of dragonflies in the rainforest. d. Describe any type of dragonfly. Day-43 Lesson: Dragonflies Activity- 1 Read the passage “Dragonflies” and glossary given on page No 42, 43&44 of your English text book .. --14--

English Activity- 2 Answer these following questions. a. Why does a dragonfly make a basket of its leg? b. Why does the writer say that the meal of a dragonfly is a type of fast food? c. How does a dragonfly use its wings? d. How many eyes does a dragonfly have? Day-44 Lesson: Dragonflies Activity- 1 Read the passage “Dragonflies” given on page No 42&43 of your English text book . Activity-2 A. Write True or False. i. All dragonflies are rare. ii. Dragonflies are good hunters. iii. They cannot fly backwards without turning. iv. Dragonflies have changed a lot since their existence. v. Modern dragonflies are as big as hawks. B. Rearrange the following sentences in the correct order. i. The smallest known dragonfly is about the size of our thumbnail. ii. Dragonflies come in many beautiful colours and patterns. iii. Modern dragonflies live in and out of water. iv. They are carnivores. v. They do not bite or sting people. vi. They uses their legs and jaws to hold onto their prey. Day-45 Lesson: Dragonflies Activity- 1 Read the passage “Dragonflies” given on page No 42&43 of your English text book once again . Activity- 2 Complete the sentences following sentences as in the passage. a. The largest is very big, however…………………………….. b. The tropical rock master is……………………………….. c. Like………………………modern dragonflies live in and out of water. d. The common foods of the dragonfly are……………………….. e. Sometimes one has to go through ……………………………to find out dragonflies. Day-46 Lesson: Dragonflies Activity- 1 Read the passage “Dragonflies” given on page No 42&43 of your English text book . --15--

Class-6 Activity- 2 Answer these following questions. a. In what way is the future of dragonflies doubtful? b. What should be done to save endangered species? Day-47 Lesson: Dragonflies Activity-1 Read the word meaning given on page No 44 of your English text book and also of day 38 . Activity- 2 v. treatment Use the following words/ phrases in the sentences of your own . i. carnivores ii. endangered iii. disappearing iv .dart vi. to find out vii. put up Day-48 Lesson: Article Activity-1 Read the following rules of indefinite articles. The words a, an and the are called articles. They are used with nouns. They are also called determiners or demonstrative adjectives. Articles are of two types-indefinite article (a/an) and definite article (the). Where to use a/an. i. We use ‘an’ with a singular countable noun that starts with a vowel. Eg. an orange, an egg, an apple etc. ii. We use ‘a’ with a singular countable noun that starts with a consonant sound.. Eg. a chicken, a parrot, a horse etc. iii. We use ‘a’ or ‘an’ when we mention something or someone for the first time. Eg . i. Once there was a proud king. ii. I saw an old man. iii. A doctor treats patients. iv. A and an are used with only countable nouns which are singular. They are not used with uncountable and plural nouns. E.g. A cow eats grass. An apple grows on a tree v. Many uncountable nouns can be made countable with phrases such as ‘ a piece of, a bit of , a drop of, a glass of, an item of, a sheet of, a slice of , a packet of’.etc. E.g. a drop of fog. a glass of lemonade a piece of chalk an item of furniture a sheet of paper a packet of sugar a slice of bread vi. A and an are used in the sense of “one” .E.g. He bought a jug and an iron.(….one jug and one iron) I eat an apple everyday.(….one apple) vii A and an are used in singular exclamatory sentences E.g. What a rude woman! What a nice dress! What an ugly damsel! viii. A and an are used with the names of occupations, E.g. He is an engineer. She is a sales girl. Activity-2 Copy the ‘rules of indefinite articles’ in your exercise book. --16--

English Day-49 Lesson: Article Activity-1 Read the rules of indefinite articles given in activity 1 of day 48 and do the following activities. Activity-2 e. He has ……farm house. Use a and an in the blank space. f. What ………intelligent doctor! a. Pokhara is …… beautiful city. g. …… apple grows on tree. h. I saw……old man. b. She is ……honest girl. c. His father is…… milkman. d. She has bought ….new dress. Day-50 Lesson: Article Activity-1 Read the rules of indefinite articles given in activity 1 of day 48 and also from page no 28 &29 of your Grammar book . Activity-2 Make 10-10 sentences by using indefinite article (a & an). Day-51 Lesson: Article Activity-1 Read the following rules of definite article (the). We use the before:- a. Names of newspapers ( The Rising Nepal, The Kathmandu Post) b. Names of musical instruments: the guitar, the madal,the flute c. The name of directions: the east, the west, the north d. Religious books or groups: The Ramayana, The Hindus e. Superlatives degrees: the best, the highest, the most f. Name of inventions: the radio, the telephone g. Internal parts of the body: the lungs, the heart h. Daybreaks: in the morning, in the evening, i. Name of the historic events: the Martyrs day, the Independence day j. Name of famous ship/desert/ geographical names: the Sahara, the UK, the Titanic k. Historical buildings: the Taj Mahal, the Pashupatinath,the Kastamandap Activity-2 Copy the ‘rules of definite article’ in your exercise book. Day-52 Lesson: Article Activity- 1 Read the rules of definite article given in activity 1 of day 51 and do the following activities. --17--

Class-6 Activity-2 Make 10 sentences by using definite article (the). Day-53 Lesson: Article Activity- 1 Read the rules of both indefinite and definite article which are given in activity 1of day 48 and 51. Activity- 2 h. She has….. teddy bear. Use suitable articles where necessary. d. She heard…a low humming noise. a. He offered me to have….drink. i. My brothers are ….teachers. f. Napoleon was…great soldier. e. Ravi come from…school and entered b. ……. Boys are playing volleyball. ….kitchen. g. I bought….. new car last week. j. ‘What is this?’It’s …….Chinese pen. c. I waited for her….hour and…few seconds. Day-54 Lesson: Pronouns Activity- 1 Read the following information about pronouns and its types. A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun. The words like:he, she, they, It, you, my, her etc.are pronouns. Pronouns are of six kinds. They are- a. Personal pronoun: I, we, me, you, he, him, she, they, them… b. Reflexive pronoun: myself, herself, himself, ourselves….. c. Demonstrative pronoun: this,that,these,those….. d. Distributive pronoun: each other, one another…… e. Interrogative pronoun: where, what, when….. f. Relative pronoun: who, what,……. Activity- 2 Answer the following questions. a. What is a pronoun? b. Write the kinds of pronoun with examples. Day-55 Lesson: Pronouns Activity-1 Read the following table and do the activities that follow. Personal pronouns have three cases-Nominative, Objective and Possessive, and three persons-First, Second and Third. Types of Persons Nominative Objective Possessive First I me my/mine we us our/ours Second you You your/yours she her her/hers Third he him his/his it it its/its they them their/theirs --18--

English Activity-2 Choose the correct forms of the pronouns. a. ……. School is far from here.(me, my) b. Yes, it was….. house.(us, we, your) c. Have the girls met …….(he, him)before? d. The boss helped…….(us, we). e. …. (We, Us, Our) students went together jogging. f. The noise outside awakened……(us, we). g. The runway girl was…..(her, she) sister. h. Have the girls danced with …… (he, him)? i. ……..(Me, I) went to the movie. Day-56 Lesson: Pronouns Activity-1 Read about pronouns given on page no. 37,38 & 39 from your Grammar text book. Activity-2 Change the underlined nouns in to pronouns. a. Sneha has a bicycle. Sneha goes on a ride every day. b. I have many apple trees in our garden. The apple trees are not very tall. c. Hari had two pencils.Hari gave one to Sita. d. Sita is a beautiful girl. I like Sita. e. Sital and Jharana are sisters. Sital and Jharana do not fight. Day-57 Lesson: Pronouns Activity- 1 Read about relative pronouns given on page no 42 from your Grammar text book. Activity-2 Fill in the correct relative pronouns. a. This is a man……. built our house. b. This is the girl…… mother is from Canada. c. He didn’t see the snake….was lying on the ground. d. He’s going to have an operation…… could save his life. e. Did you know the shop …… I bought this camera? Day-58 Lesson: Pronouns Activity-1 Read about pronouns given on page no 41, 42, 43&44 from your Grammar text book. Activity- 2 Choose the correct words and fill the gaps. a. Nobody likes to revise the……… again and again(lessen/lesson) b. Draw a ……in your notebook.(straight line/strait) --19--

Class-6 c. She is a ……..girl with…..habits.(lovely/ lovable) d. What is the ……….. of your visit?(purpose/propose) e. The ……of an egg is very nutritious.(yolk/yoke). Day- 59 Lesson: Pronouns Activity-1 Read the passage about William Shakespeare given on page no 48 in your Grammar text book and answer the following questions. Activity-2 Answer them. a. What is Shakespeare famous for? b. How many brothers did Shakespeare have? c. Where did Shakespeare study ancient poetry? Day-60 Test yourself F.M = 75 1. Read the following and do the activities that follow.15 Cycling is a popular pastime because it has several benefits and also gives pleasure. First of all, cycling provides exercises, the need of which is felt by most people. Because of the development of machinery and the place of our life now, we are unable to exercise regularly. Therefore, we need the chance to exercise through the medium of sports. Many people say that cycling is a hard work, but a practiced rider will not agree with this. The art of easy cycling must be developed. An active, healthy person should not always travel as an idle passenger. Neither should he become an inactive driver of petrol-driven vehicles-like cars,scooters,vans and so on. These modes of transport do not allow him to use his lungs, legs or eyes. Such Vehicles should be restricted to the aged and to those not enjoying good health. For them, these vehicles are both a necessity and a blessing. It is often said that a cyclist cannot travel as fast or as far as a motorist. This is true. But surely a cyclist, pedaling calmly and slowly, can enjoy that scenery more than a hurrying person in a car. Cyclists believe that their method of travel is sensible as it strikes a nice balance between walking. There are at least two distinct types of cyclists. The athletic rider goes in to strict training, loves long, fast rides and takes part in competitions, trying to beat records. A. Put the following sentences in correct order. 4*1=4 a. There are at least two distinct types of cyclists. b. Cycling is a popular pastime. c. We are unable to exercise regularly. d. The athletic rider loves long and takes part in competition. A. Answer the following questions: 4*1.5=6 a. Why is cycling a popular pastime? b. Why people cannot do regular exercise? c. What do you mean by an idle passenger? d. Who loves to visit countryside? --20--

English C. Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the passage. 5*1=5 a. According to the writer cyclist are of two………. groups. b. Passengers who travel in cars, buses and trains are……… c. By moving slowly………. can enjoy the scenes around. d. Cycling gives us enough physical……….. e. The …… rider goes into strict training, loves rides and takes part in competitions. 2. Fill in the gaps with correct alternatives from the brackets. 5*1=5 a. Bipin is…..intelligent boy.(a/an/the) b. I have bought….books.(to,two,too) c. …….a beautiful painting it is!(What, How) d. The group was not expecting………(I, me) e. This is a dog…… barks every night.(which, where) 3. Use the following words/ phrases in your own sentences . 5*1=5 i. curiosity ii. inactive iii put out iv. independent v. amazement 5. Match the words under ‘A’ with their meanings under ‘B’. 5*1=5 AB i. compassion something that has been achieved successfully ii. eke out give a scornful or mocking smile iii.petite making a living with difficulty iv.sneer attractively small and dainty v.accomplishment kindness 7. Read the following letter and do the activities that follow. 10 Pokhara 28th June ,2020 Dear Trishna, How are you? Hope everything is OK. I’m writing to let you know that I’ve decided to visit Kathmandu next week with my friends. As you know Kathmandu is really a nice place, we're really excited about this trip. Raju, Ankit, Sumana and Samjhana all are coming with us. We’re planning to stay there for a week. We’ll stay there in my Uncle’s hotel. What’s more, you know! My uncle will charge nothing for rooms and food. Hello! Trishna, why don’t you join us? Everybody in our group is asking about you. As you’ve already visited Kathmandu, you’ll help us to visit the place. Write to me about it. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. With love Shova A . Answer the following questions. 5×1=5 a. Who is writing the letter? b. Who is the letter receiver? c. What is the purpose of sending this letter? d. When was the letter written? e. Where will they stay there in Kathmandu? B. fill in the blanks with the correct answers. 5×1=5 a. Trishna and her friends decided to visit ………next week. b. They’re planning to stay there for a …………. c. They will stay there in…..hotel. d. Shova had already ……….. Kathmandu. e. ………. is the capital city of Nepal. --21--

8. Punctuate the following sentences. Class-6 a. wow we won the match 4×0.5=2 b. have you ever been to pokhara 9. Fill in the correct relative pronouns.. 3×1=3 a. He didn’t see the snake….was lying on the ground. 5 b. He’s going to have an operation…… could save his life. 10 15 c. Did you know the shop …… I bought this camera? 10. Write a paragraph about your school. 11. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to your birthday party. 12. Write an essay on ‘Preventive Measures of Corona virus /Covid-19’. The End. --22--

ljifo M gk] fnL lbg M Ps kf7 M ufp5F uLt g]kfnL -sljtf_ cWoog v08 != tnsf sljtf kªl\\ Qmx¿ /fd|/L k9 / To;eGbf tn lbOPsf s'/fx¿df Wofg b]pm M u08sL, sf];L, s0ff{nL, dr] L / dxfsfnL ns] / aF;] L AoF'emfpF5g\\ nx/ nfvf}F prfnL lxdfnr'nL af]nfp5F klxnf] em'Nsf lgsfnL ;u/dfyf lzv/df k'Ub5 klxn] g]kfnL . sljtf uB / kB u/L bO' { k|sf/sf x'G5g\\ . kB sljtfsf rf/ kª\\lQmnfO{ Znf]s elgG5 . dflysf] sljtfz+ df ‘ufpF5 uLt gk] fnL’ sljtfsf] Ps Znf]s lbOPsf] 5 . dflysf] sljtfz+ df klxnf] / bf];f| ] kªl\\ Qmdf /x]sf ‘dxfsfnL’ / ‘prfnL’ zAbx¿ pRrf/0f ubf{ p:t} p:t} ;l' gG5g\\ . To:t} t];|f] / rfy} f] kª\\lQmsf ‘lgsfnL’ / ‘g]kfnL’ zAb p:t} ;l' gG5g\\ . pRrf/0fdf p:t} ;'lgg] / p:t} no cfpg] zAbnfO{ cg'kf| ; elgG5 . cgk' f| ; kª\\lQmsf] clGtddf ko| f]u ePsf] 5 eg] To;nfO{ cGTofgk' f| ; elgG5 . uLt / sljtfdf cg'kf| ;sf] lgs} dxŒj xG' 5 . o;n] sljtf jf uLt dL7f] agfp5F . ‘dxfsfnL]’ / ‘prfnL’ ‘lgsfnL’ / ‘gk] fnL’ cEof; v08 dflysf] sljtf+z / To;kl5 lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b ltdLn] cjZo} kl9;Sof} . ca tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ b]pm M s_ sljtf slt k|sf/sf x'G5g\\ <. v_ Ps Znf]sdf slt kª\\lQm x'G5g\\< u_ cgk' |f; egs] f] s] xf] < 3_ ‘ufpF5 uLt g]kfnL’ sljtf s;n] nv] ]sf] xf] < ª_ cgk' |f; ePsf zAbsf] ko| fu] u/L b'Oj{ 6f kª\\lQm l;hg{ f u/ / cleefjsnfO{ bv] fpm. lbg M bO' { kf7 M gk] fn} g/x] -sljtf_ cWoog v08 ‘ufp5F uLt g]kfnL’ sljtf k9 . cEof; v08 klxnf] lbgsf] cWoog v08df lbOPsf] h:t} u/L pQm sljtfsf] afFsL c+zdf k|ofu] ePsf cgk' f| ;oQ' m zAbx¿sf hf]8L agfP/ nv] . lbg M tLg kf7 M ufp5F uLt g]kfnL -sljtf_ cWoog v08 ‘ufpF5 uLt gk] fnL’ sljtf jfrg ul/Psf ;fduL| o6' \\oa' df klg kfpg ;lsG5 . o;nfO{ uLtsf ¿kdf klg ufOPsf] 5 . ;Dej ePdf To;nfO{ vf]h/] ;'g / no yfxf kfpm . cEof; v08 ‘gk] fn’ sljtf ;l' g;s]kl5 pQm sljtfsf] no ;Dem / cfkmn\" ] klg jfrg u/L cfÇgf cleefjsnfO{ ;'gfpm. cleefjsnfO{ pxfnF ] hfg]sf] s'g} Ps sljtf jf uLt jfrg ug{ nufpm / ;'g . --23--

Class-6 lbg M rf/ kf7 M ufp5F uLt g]kfnL -sljtf_ cWoog v08 sljtf 5f6] f] xG' 5 t/ o;sf] cy{ eg] lgs} w/] } / nfdf] xG' 5 . efiffdf w/] } cy{ af]Sg] jfSo jf kªl\\ QmnfO{ JofVof ug{ xfdLn] hfGgk' 5{ . oxfF xfdL 5f6] f c+znfO{ JofVof u//] nfdf] agfpg] sx] L ;Lkaf/] rrf{ u5f}{F . JofVof ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s]xL s/' fx¿ tn lbOPsf 5g\\ . x/] x} t . JofVof tLg cgR' 5b] df ;d6] ]/ n]Vg'k5{ . h;cg';f/ M klxnf] cgR' 5b] M – kf7 / n]vssf] gfd yfxf eP;Dd nV] g,] – lbOPsf] c+zsf] dn\" ;f/ n]Vg] . bf];f| ] cgR' 5b] M – pbfx/0f / ts{ k|:tt' ub}{ lbOPsf] cz+ sf] ;/n efiffdf l;nl;nf ldnfP/ JofVof ug{], – ;fl] wPsf] c+zsf] d\"n ljifodf sl] Gb|t /xg,] – cfjZostfcg';f/ ljifo;uF ldNg] pvfg, 6'Ssfsf] k|ofu] ug]{ / w/] } jfSodf n]Vg,] t];|f] cgR' 5b] M – ;fl] wPsf] cz+ sf] efiff s:tf] 5 -;/n, k|tLsfTds cflb_ To;af/d] f pNnv] ug],{ – k|Zgn] eGg vfh] s] f] s'/f] kml] / nV] g] / pQm ljifosf af/]df cfkm\"nfO{ nfus] f] s/' f klg nV] g] . cEof; v08 JofVof u/ M a4' n] oxLF kfPy] 1fgsf] klxnf] dx' fg lzjn] oxLF NofPy] ;[li6sf] klxnf] laxfg . lbg M kfFr kf7 M g]kfn} g/x] -sljtf_ cWoog v08 tnsf sljtf kª\\lQmx¿ k9 . o} gk] fnL w'nfdf lbnsf] kmn\" /fk] ]/ o} kxf8L lznfdf k|Lltsf] uLt vf]k/] afrF fFn} f xfdL g]kfndf rGb| / ;\"o{ Wjhf nL gfrfFn} f xfdL lxdfndf Hofl] tsf] kªv\\ prfnL . cEof; v08 dflysf] sljtfz+ cjZo} k9o\\ f} xf]nf . ca tnsf sx] L kZ| gsf] pQ/ b]pm x} t M s_ lbnsf] kmn\" sxfF /f]Kg] elgPsf] 5 < v_ kxf8sf lznf -9ª' \\uf_df s] vf]lkG5< u_ ‘ufp5F uLt gk] fnL’ sljtf s;n] n]v]sf xg' \\ < 3_ gk] fndf xfdL s]s] ePsf] Wjhf -emG8f_ lnP/ afFR5f}F < ª_ Hofl] tsf] kª\\v prfn]/ sxfF gfRg] s/' f ul/Psf] 5< --24--

Nepali lbg M 5 kf7 M zAbe08f/ cWoog v08 tn sx] L p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAbx¿ lbOPsf 5g\\, ltgnfO{ k9 / cy{ a'em . ;fy} pbfx/0fdf p:t} cy{ lbg] sx] L zAbsf] hf]8L ldnfOPsf] 5, To;nfO{ x/] . clUg, kjt{ , ;fu/, cgx' f/, gjLg, dn' 's, cy,{ cfdf, cfrfo,{ cfuf], cfvF f, tfTko,{ u'¿, bz] , ls/0f, Wjlg, ks| fz, ;\"o{, ;db' ,| gofF, hggL, 3fd, jfo', kxf8, xfjf, gog,d'xf/ pbfx/0f M clUg – cfuf] ;fu/ – ;d'b| kj{t – kxf8 cEof; v08 dflysf] pbfx/0fdf em}F p:t} cy{ lbg] zAbx¿ 5fg/] hf]8L ldnfpm . -p:t} cy{ lbg] zAbnfO{ kofo{ jfrL zAb elgG5 ._ lbg M ;ft kf7 M zAbe08f/ cWoog v08 tnsf] syfz+ k9 . ædn} ] ToxL s'/f ;g' fpg nfus] L . eO' Frfnf]kl5sf] Tof] an] f s;n] s] kf] ug{ ;sYof] / ¤ To; an] f s;};Fu s]xL lyof] eg] vfln cfjfh dfq lyof] . Tof] egs] f] – s/fpg,' lrRofpg,' ?g' / leqleq} sxflng' . kml] / To; an] f 7n\" f] :j/ lgsfn]/ s/fpg klg ldNb}gYof] . Ps} l5gdf 3f]sf| e] l/ wn\" f] el/GYof,] s;n] c7F o\\ fOlbPsf,] yl' glbPsf] h:t} xg' ] / afn] L g} aGb xg' ] . ;?' df ;a} ;f; km]g{ g} la;]{sfh:tf, x/fPsfh:tf / ;f]Rg] zlQm g} ud' s] fh:tf ePsf lyP, kl5 ltgLx¿n] aNn nfdf] ;:' s/] f xfn] clg æTof] vf]O{ < pm vfO] { <Æ eGb} ;a}n] cf–cfÇgf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ æsxfF xf]nfg\\ <Æ eGb} otfplt xl' /{Fb} vfH] g hfg yfn,] sfx] L ?g yfn], sf]xL 8/fpbF } sfDg yfn,] sf]xL cfÇgf] 6fpsf] ;dft]/ y'rS' s a;], sfx] L To;–} To;} s/fpg yfn] .Æ olt s'/f ;g' fO/xge' PsL xh'/cfdfn] klg Psl5g r'k nfu]/ nfdf] ;:' s/] f xfNge' of] ., cEof; v08 tnsf zAb;uF Pp6} cy{ lbg] zAb dflysf] cgR' 5b] af6 vfh] ]/ n]v M e\"sDk, ;do, Wjlg, 8/fpg,' xfjf, Ifdtf, lz/, lbg M cf7 kf7 M zAbe08f/ cWoog v08 tn sx] L zAbx¿ 5g\\ h;n] Ps cfk;df pN6f] cy{ lbG5g\\ . s]xL To:tf zAbx¿nfO{ pbfx/0fdf klg lbOPsf] 5 . oL zAbx¿ /fd|/L k9 / cy{ a'em . k\"j{, 5]p, a]nf, gvfg', x]g{,' g/dfOnf], otf, udL{, ns] , lghL{j, kZ| g, laxfg, lht, ;fgf], gof,F yf/] }, klZrd, 6K' kf], ca]nf, vfg,' gxg] ',{ /dfOnf,] ptf, hf8f,] aF;] L, ;hLj, pQ/, a]n'sf, xf/, k'/fgf,] w]/}, 7n\" f,] cEof; v08 ‘gk] fntnsf zAbx¿sf ljk/LtfyL{ zAb ‘ldqtf’ kf7sf] bf];f| ] cg'R5]baf6 vf]h]/ n]v . --25--

Class-6 clg xh'/cfdfn] la:tf/} ;Demfpg vfH] ge' of], æhfGg' eg]sf] lstfj k9]/ dfq hflgg] xfO] g . /fd|/L hfGg' egs] f] b]Vg,' ;'Gg', ef]Ug' / cg'ej ug{' xf] . w]/–} w/] } dflg;x¿n] w/] } lsl;daf6 bM' v kfP . slt hgf k'l/P/ d/] . slt dflyaf6 xfdkmfNbf d/], slt 3/sf leQf] n8]/ d/,] 3fOt] t slt eP slt ¤ clg w]/s} f] 6fps} km6' s] f ¤ oL ;a s/' f bv] ]kl5 cem ef]u]kl5 s]s] ug{ xFb' f/] xg] 5 / s]s] ug'{kbf{] /x5] eg/] w]/} s'/f yfxf kfP lg . lstfa klg To:tf] s/' f ;a} b]v]kl5 t nl] vG5 lg, x}g / < s'g} s'/f yfx} gkfOs{ g s;n] nV] g ;Snf / <Æ s_ tnsf zAbx¿sf] 7Ls pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb dflysf] cg'R5b] af6 5fg]/ nv] M a];/L, ghfGg', gk9]/, g;'Gg', yf]/,} ;'v, d/g] g,\\ tn, gkm6' s] f, kfPgg\\, g;Snf -sg' } klg zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAbnfO{ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb elgG5 . ljk/LtfyL{ zAbsf] dfWodaf6 klg sg' } zAbsf] cy{ klxrfg ug{ ;lhnf] k5{ ._ lbg M gf} kf7 M ‘gk] fn’-cEof;leqsf] kf7_ cWoog v08 3_ uf}td a4' sf] hGdynf] sg' b]z xf] < gk] fn kf7 k9 / tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M ª_ ‘ljsl;t’ / ‘ldlxgt] L’ zAbsf] cy{ nv] . s_ gk] fn sg' s'g /fi6s« f aLrdf 5 < v_ gk] fnsf] sn' Ifq] kmn slt 5 < u_ g]kfnLdf s:tf] efjgf ljsl;t 5 < cWoog v08 lbg M b; tnsf] zAb agfpg] pbfx/0f x/] . kf7 M zAbe08f/ b]j / bfgj – b]jbfgj cGg / kfn – cGgkft ;'v / b'Mv – ;v' bM' v cfdf / a'af – cfdfa'af kfk jf k'0o – kfkk'0o lbbL / alxgL – lbbLalxgL gfkmf jf gfS] ;fg – gfkmfgf]S;fg cEof; v08 dflysf] pbfx/0fdf emF} tnsf zAbaf6 gofF zAb lgdf{0f u/ M bfh' / alxgL – cl3 jf kl5 – dfdf / dfOh\" – ;o jf krf; – gGb / efph\" – bfn / eft – tn jf dfly – gg' / t]n – lbg M P3f/ kf7 M zAbe08f/ cWoog v08 Jofs/0fsf] k':tsaf6 ljk/LtfyL{ zAbx¿af/] cWoog u/ / a'em . cEof; v08 tn lbOPsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb sfi] 7saf6 5fg / hf8] f ldnfP/ nv] . s_ aflx/ – -dfly, ptf, leq_ v_ vfg' – -ksfpg,' gvfg', pdfNg'_ --26--

Nepali ª_ :jbz] – -bz] , dn' 's, ljbz] _ u_ 3fd– -kfgL, cfsfz, hg\" _ r_ xfF:g' – -v]Ng,' af]Ng', ?g_' 3_ 6'Kkf–] -km]b, sf08, kft_ lbg M afx| kf7 M afw] k|Zg pTt/÷k|ZgfT] t/ cWoog v08 af]w k|Zgsf] pTt/ n]Vbf Wofg lbg'kg{] s'/fx¿ M – lbOPsf] cg'R5]bnfO{ /fd|/L k9\\g], – k|Zgn] vf]h]sf] pTt/ ;6Ls efiffdf ;Dej eP;Dd Pp6} jfSodf nV] g], – cgR' 5]b÷kf7sf] dd{eGbf aflx/ uP/ pTt/ gnV] g], – pTt/nfO{ JofVof ljZn]if0f gug]{, – zAbsf] cy{ n]Vg] k|Zg eP To;sf] pTt/ nV] bf zAb / To;sf] cy{ dfq lj|mot] / jfSo 9fFrfdf klg nV] g ;lsG5 Ù h:t} M crfgs M PSsfl; eid M v/fgL – cg'R5b] df ePsf jfSonfO{ pTt/ nV] bf h:tfsf] t:t} g;fg{], k|Zgsf] sfn jf kIf;Fu ldnfP/ pTt/ nV] g,] – cfÇg} df}lns z}nLdf 5l/tf] jfSodf pTt/ n]Vg] . cEof; v08 != tnsf] cg'R5b] cWoog u/L ;f]lwPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ bp] m . Ps lbg /fhfn] cfÇgf ;a} hgtfnfO{ 6'Fl8vn] df hDdf xg' ] cfb]z lbP . /fhfsf] 3f]if0ff ;G' g 6f9f6f9faf6 dflg;x¿ cfO{ ToxfF en] f eP . OR5faxfb/' klg ToxfF k'Uof] . /fhf klg cfOk'u] . cfÇgf hgtfx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{} /fhfn] eg], æKof/f b]zaf;Lx¿ ¤ ef]ln laxfg ;\"o{ pbfPb]lv ;\"o{ gc:tfpGhn] ;Dd ltdLx¿n] o; b]zsf] hldgdf hlt bfl} 8g ;S5f}, Tof] hldg ltdLx¿sf] x'g5] . ltdLx¿sf] uf8] fn] 6s] s] f] efu d ltdLx¿nfO{ k/' :sf/ lbg]5' .Æ /fhfsf] s/' f ;'g]/ ;a} v';L eP . pgLx¿ slxn] ef]ln laxfg xf]nf egL cfcfÇgf 3/lt/ uP . OR5faxfb'/n] 3/ cfP/ ;a} s/' f :jf:gLnfO{ ;'gfof] . :jf:gLn] egL, æxfdLn] ug{ ;Sg] hlt hUufhldg xfdL;uF } 5 . rflxge] Gbf a9L eP/ klg s] ug{' 5 / <Æ k|Zgx¿ M s_ /fhfn] s] cfb]z lbP < v_ /fhfsf] 3fi] f0ff ;G' g sfs] f] cfP < u_ /fhfn] ;Daf]wgdf s] eg] < 3_ /fhfsf] ;Dafw] gkl5 hgtfx¿n] s] ;f]r] < ª_ OR5faxfb'/sL :jf:gLn] OR5faxfb/' nfO{ s] egL, nv] . lbg M t]x| kf7M OR5faxfb/' sf] OR5f -j0f{ljGof;_ cWoog v08 ‘OR5faxfb'/sf] OR5f’ syfsf] klxnf] cgR' 5]bk9 . --27--

Class-6 cEof; v08 pQm cgR' 5b] df ‘x:| j’ / ‘bL3{’ Osf/ k|ofu] ePsf zAb vfh] /] sfkLdf n]v . lbg M rf}w kf7M jfSo lgdf0{ f cWoog v08 != jfSo lgdf0{ f -jfSodf k|ofu] _ ubf{ Wofg lbgk' g{] s'/fx¿ M s_ ljleGg zAb, pvfg, 6'Ssf cflbsf] cy{ /fd|/L a‰' g,] lgkftsf] k|ofu] af/] Wofg lbg,] v_ cy{ a'lem;s]kl5 pQm zAb, pvfg, 6'Ssf jf lgkftnfO{ 5f6] f5] l/tf] / cyk{ 0\" f{ jfSo lgdf{0f ug,{] u_ 6'SsfnfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] ubf{ 6'Ssfsf] cGTodf cfpg] ‘g’' kT| oonfO{ ;dflksf ls|ofdf abNg,] 3_ jfSo lgdf{0f ul/;s]kl5 jfSodf ko| f]u ul/Psf] c+znfO{ /]vfª\\sg ug]{ . @= jfSo lgdf{0fsf s]xL pbfx/0f M dGq M xfdf| gbLgfnfsf] lg/Gt/ aUg] k|lso| faf6 dGq lg:sG5 . dg vfg' M ul/asf] cj:yf bv] ]/ p;sf] dg vfof] . h'7]Ngf] M h'7N] gfsf] 5]pdf /f]ks] f] ;G' tnfsf] af6] df lgs} kmn nfu]sf] 5 . lg M d]/f] efO t sIffdf k|yd eP/ k/' :sf/ kfof] lg. OGbs| f cufl8 :ju{sf] aofg M d':tfªdf dlxgf lbg 3'd]/ ev/{ kms{g'ePsf] bfh'nfO{ k|flKtn] d:' tfªaf/] ukm nufpg' t OGbs| f cufl8 :jus{ f] aofg ePg / eGof < cfhLjg M dfwj l3ld/]n] cfhLjg gk] fnL sljtfdf snd rnfO/x] . zflnuf| d M zflnu|fdnfO{ eujfg\\ lji0f'sf] cjtf/sf ¿kdf lrlgG5 . cEof; v08 != cy{ :ki6 xg' ] u/L jfSodf k|of]u u/ M b'u{d, cfl;s, czfGt x'g', l;kmfl/;, /v] flrq, cfkmGt, lvl;Ss, k'vf{ lbg M kGw| kf7 M OR5faxfb/' sf] OR5f cWoog v08 ‘OR5faxfb/' sf] OR5f’kf7/fd|f];uF k9 . cEof; v08 OR5faxfb/' sf] 7fpdF f ltdL ePsf] eP s] uYof<{} nfdf] pQ/ n]v . cEof; v08 lbg M ;f]x| tnsf jfSonfOk{ b ;ª\\ult ldnfO{ n]v M kf7 M kb;ª\\ult s_ tF vfgf vfG5]. v_ efOn] rª\\uf p8fpge' of] . ª_ afa'/fd v]t hfT] 5f}F . u_ pgLx¿ stf uP5 < r_ pxfxF ¿ vN] g yfn]5 . 3_ afaf dnfO{ dfof u5{] . 5_ ltdLn] rsn6] vfg'eof] . --28--

Nepali lbg M ;q kf7 M OR5faxfb/' sf] OR5f cWoog v08 ‘OR5faxfb'/sf] OR5f’syf /fd|/L k9 . cEof; v08 ‘k'R5/sf] s/' f’ syfaf6 /k] m - { _ / rGbl| aGb' - F _ ko| f]u ePsf zAb l6k / sfkLdf ptf/ . lbg M c7f/ kf7 M nfdf] pQ/ nv] g cWoog v08 ljj]rgfTds pQ/÷nfdf] pQ/ n]vgsf s]xL ;Lkx¿ M o; v08df ljjr] gfTds pQ/ nV] g] ;Lksf af/]df 5f6] s/Ldf pNnv] ul/Psf] 5 . ljjr] gfTds pQ/ klg ;k;| ª\\u JofVof h:t} d'Votof tLg v08df af8F /] nV] g] ul/G5 . ljljw ;Gbe{nfO{ ljZn]if0f u/]/ nV] g'kg{] ePsf] x'gfn] nfdf] pQ/ ;fdfGo pQ/eGbf cln nfdf] x'G5 . t;y{ klg o;nfO{ tLg cg'R5b] df ;d]6]/ nV] bf k|efjsf/L x'G5 . o;sf d'Vo tLg v08df cfwfl/t /x/] ljj]rgfTds pQ/ nv] gsf ;Lkaf/] tn ;ªI\\ f]kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;nfO{ k9 . ky| d v08 -k|f/lDes cg'R5b] _ M • ljwf -syf, sljtf, lgaGw, hLjgL cflb_, n]vs / ltgsf af/] n]Vg,] • k|Zgn] k|:tt' ug{] / pQm kZ| g ;fl] wPsf] kf7n] lbg] d'Vo ;Gbz] nfO{ pNn]v ug{] . låtLo v08 -ljZni] f0ffTds cg'R5]b_M • o; v08sf] yfngLdf k|Zgn] ;ª\\s]t u/]sf] pQ/nfO{ s]Gbd| f /fVg,] • ljifosf ;Gbe,{ 36gfnfO{ ;6Ls k:| tl' t ug{] / ts{ lbbF } k'li6 ug],{ • ljifosf /fdf| g/fd|f kIfaf/] pNn]v ug]{, • efiff cfÇg} ks| f/sf] / dL7f] z}nLdf ;/n tl/sfn] n]Vg,] -o;sf nflu cfjZos pbfx/0f, pvfg, 6S' sf cflb ko| fu] ug{ ;lsG5._ t[tLo v08 -lgisiff{Tds v08_M • kf7 / nv] saf/] pNnv] ub{} kf7df ko| fu] ePsf eflifs z}nL / lzNk-snf_ yfxf ePdf k:| tt' ug,{] • kZ| gn] vf]hs] f] pQ/sf] ljifonfO{ ;xof]u xg' ] u/L cfÇgf] dfl} ns ljrf/ ki| 6 tl/sfn] k:| t't ug]{ . cEof; v08 ‘w]/} nfe] ug'{ x'bF }g .’ eGg] egfOnfO{ kR' 5/sf] s'/f syfn] s;/L kl' i6 u/]sf] 5 < ljj]rgf u/ . lbg M pGgfO{; kf7 M afw] kZ| gsf] pQ/ cWoog v08 tnsf] cg'R5b] k9 . ;/b/df gk] fnsf Ps ltxfO hgtf ljb]zdf 5 . ljb]lzg]sf] ;ªV\\ of a9\\gf;fy ;v' sf] nfe] df ;x/lt/ a;fOF;/fOF tLj| 5 . cgfjZos pks/0fsf] pkefu] n] cfsfz 5fP] sf] 5 . pa{/ e\"ld a:tLdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . kl;gf / kl/>dnfO{ 3[0ff ug{] unt ;:+ sf/ g]kfnLdf a;]sf] 5 . hLjgzn} L g} lgliso| ePkl5 zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s /fu] sf] lzsf/ aG5 dfG5] . jb} ]lzs cg'bfg ;/sf/n] ;bk' ofu] u/s] f] kfObF }g . ei| 6frf/n] /fHo;+/rgf lynlynf] 5 . hgtfsf] hLjgzn} L / ;/sf/sf] ofh] gf b'j} pTkfbgd'vL 5}gg\\ . hgtfbl] v g]tf;Dd ;a}n] lglis|o / ;'ljwfefu] L hLjgzn} L /fh] ]kl5 k/lge/{ tfsf] sG] bs| f ¿kdf bz] kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . gk] fnLsf] hLjgzn} Lsf] sf]N6]km/] fO ;Dk\"0f{tM k/lge{/, lglis|o / e|i6 cfr/0fo'Qm --29--

Class-6 aGb} uPsf] 5 . ;fdflhstf x/fpFb} uPsf] 5 . oL ;a} oyfy{n] gk] fn sf]/f]gf;uF h'Wg klg cGo /fi6«s} ;xofu] sg' s'{ f] ljsNk 5}g . cEof; v08 dflysf] cg'R5b] Wofgkj\" s{ k9 / tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]v . s_ g]kfnsf hgtf ;/b/df slt ljb]zdf 5g\\ < v_ gk] fndf ljb]lzg]sf] ;ª\\Vof a9]kl5 s] k|efj k/s] f] 5 < u_ dflg; /f]uL aGgs' f sf/0f s] x'g\\ < 3_ bz] lsg k/lge{/tfsf] s]Gb|df kl/0ft ePsf] 5 < ª_ ‘pkef]u’ / ‘lgliso| ’ zAbsf] cy{ n]v . lbg M aL; kf7 M zAb lgdf{0f cWoog v08 ljelQm nfu/] ;jg{ fdaf6 zAb s;/L agfpg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ tnsf pbfx/0fdf x/] / cfkm\" klg cEof; u/ . pbfx/0f M d ± n] –d}n] pm ± n] –p;n] ltdL ± /f] – ltd|f] d ± nfO{ – af]nrfn Tof] ± åf/f –To;åf/f ltgL ± sf] – ltgsf] tF ± sf] – To;sf] d ± /f] – d]/f] cEof; v08 dflysf] pbfx/0fdf h:t} tnsf ;jg{ fddf ljelQm hf8] ]/ n]v . xfdL ± n] – ltdL ± /L – ltgL ± nfO{ – tF ± n] – d ± /f – xfdL ± /f – pgL ± sf] – logL± sf – tF ± /L – of] ± n] – pm ± n] – lbg M PSsfO{; kf7 M ljelQm k|ofu] cWoog v08 != tnsf] cg'R5b] k9g\\ x' f];\\ M cfsfzdfsfnf] afbn nfu]sf] 5 . afbnn] kfgL af]s/] lx8F ]sf] 5 . xfjfn] afbnnfO{ lgs} dfly k'¥ofpF5 . afbn otfaf6 ptf lxlF 8/xG5 . afbn ha 8f8F fdf 7fl] SsG5 ta kfgL kg{ yfN5 . o;/L k/s] f] kfgL kY[ jLn] ;f];/] lnG5 . k[YjLsf] leqaf6 ¿vsf h/fn] kfgL lnG5g\\ . Tof] kfgLsf] ;xof]un] la?jfsf] kftn] cfÇgf nflu vfgf agfp5F . la?jf /fd|f] ePkl5 xfdLnfO{ kmn lbG5 . xfdLn] pQm kmn vfG5f}F . jg:ktLaf6 g} xfdLn] vfgf k|fKt u5f{}F . vfgfn] xfdLnfo{ zlQm lbG5 . Tof] zlQmn] xfdLnfO{ Ps 7fpaF f6 csf]{ 7fpF;Dd k'Ug ;Sg] / sfd ug{ ;Sg] agfpF5 . o; cg'R5b] df /v] fª\\sg ul/Psf cz+ ljelQm xg' \\ . cEof; v08 dflysf] cg'R5b] df h:t} tn lbOPsf ljelQm k|of]u u/]/ Pp6f Pp6f jfSo agfpm M n], nfO{, af6, nflu, åf/f, sf], df --30--

Nepali lbg M afO{; kf7 M l;h{gfTds cEof; cWoog v08 ltdL a:g] 3/ jl/kl/ w]/} l5d]sLx¿ x'gx' G' 5 . tL l5d]sLx¿n] ltd|f afafcfdfnfO{ w/] } ;xofu] ug{'x'G5 . afafcfdfnfO{ w]/} sfddf ;xof]u ug{] sg' } l5d]sLsf af/d] f afafcfdf;uF ;f]w . cEof; v08 ltd|f] sg' } ;xofu] L l5d]sLsf af/]df ;fl] w;s]kl5 pxfnF ] s]s] sfddf ;xof]u uge'{ Psf] /x]5 < ;\"rL tof/ kf/ . lbg M tO] {; kf7 M ;+of]hs cWoog v08 s_ cf:yfn] gofF sk8f nufO{ / pm /dfO{ . v_ xfdL ljBfno uPsf 5g} f}F lsgeg] ljBfno 5'§L 5 . u_ d cfdfnfO{ ;xof]u u5{' To;sf/0f cfdfn] dnfO{ w/] } dfof ug'{xG' 5 . 3_ xfdL 3/d} a;s] f 5fF} t}klgk9g\\ eg] 5f8] ]sf 5}gfF} . ª_ df:s nufpgk' 5{ ;fy} dflg;x¿af6 6f9} a:gk' 5{ . dflysf jfSox¿df uf9f zAbx¿ -/, lsgls, To;n} ,] t/, clg_ n] bO' j{ 6f jfSonfO{ Ps cfk;df hf8] \\g] sfd u/s] f 5g\\ . To;n} ] tL zAbx¿ ;+of]hs xg' \\ . cEof; v08 dflysf jfSodf ko| f]u ePsf ;+of]hsaf6 Ps Pscf6] f 5'§} jfSo agfpm . lbg M rfa} L; kf7 M ljelQm cEof; v08 sfi] 7saf6 ldNg] zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ / sfkLdf ;f/ M s_ Zofd ====== xnf] hfT] of] . -n,] nfO{, df_ v_ ?v =================== kft v:of] . -n], af6, åf/f_ u_ d sfkL ========n]VyF] . -nfO{, nflu, df_ 3_ lbbL kfv] /f ============== a6' jn uP5 .-nfO{, df, b]lv_ ª_ ;fyLn] d ========== SofNs'n]6/ lbof] . -nfO{, nflu, n_] r_ cfkm\" =============== sfd cfkm}F u/f}F . -nfO{, b]lv, gf_] 5_ afbn =============== s] 5 < -nfO,{ nflu, n_] h_ xfdL =================== /fxt kfofF} . -nfO{, nflu, n_] lbg M kRrL; kf7 M wg cEof; v08 ‘wg’ kf7 /fdf| ]l;t k9 clg bf;] f| ] cg'R5b] ;kmf / /fdf| cIf/ agfP/ sfkLdf ;f/ . --31--

lbg M 5AaL; Class-6 kf7 M j0f{ ljGof; bL3{ psf/ - \" _ cEof; v08 b\"/ k:' tsdf /xs] f ljleGg kf7 k9 / tnsf] tflnsfdf zAbx¿ e/ . x|:j Osf/ - l _ bL3{ Os{ f/ - L _ x:| j psf/ - ' _ lbn bLk bO' { lbg M ;QfO;{ cEof; v08 kf7 M wg ‘wg’ kf7 kl9;sk] l5 wg cfjZos 5 eGg] s/' f ltdLn] a‰' of} . wg h:t} dflg;sf] hLjgnfO{ cfjZos kg{] c¿ s'g} kfFrj6f s'/fx¿ n]v . s_ lzIff u_ ===== ª_ ===== v_ ===== 3_ ===== r_ ===== lbg M c¶fO{; kf7 M kfgL cWoog v08 ‘kfgL’ kf7sf] bf;] |f] cgR' 5b] /fd|/L cWoog u/ . cEof; v08 != pQm cgR' 5]bdf xfdLn] kfgL sg' sg' sfddf ko| f]u u5f}{F egs] f] 5 < ;\"rL agfO{ nv] . @= pQm cgR' 5b] df egs] f] eGbf cGo s'g s'g sfddf kfgLsf] ko| fu] ul/Pnf < sg' } tLgj6f cGo k|ofu] nv] . lbg M pgfGtL; kf7 M kfgL cWoog v08 ‘kfgL’ kf7df kfgLaf/] ljleGg s/' f lbOPsf] 5 . kfgLsf af/]df t xfdLnfO{ klg yfxf ePs} s'/f xf] . kfgL xfdLn] k|of]u ub}{ cfPs} lyofF} . kf7df eg] s]xL gofF s/' f klg lbOPsf] 5 . cEof; v08 != ‘kfgL’ kf7df kfgLaf/] nl] vPsf] t/ ltdLnfO{ cfh;Dd yfxf gePsf s/' f s]s] 5g\\ < kf7af6 vf]h/] n]v . @= kfgL sxfsF xfF kfOG5 <kfgLsf ;|f]tx¿ nv] . h:t} M gbL --32--

Nepali lbg M tL; kf7 M zAb lgdf0{ f cEof; v08 != tnsf pbfx/0fsf cfwf/df afsF L zAbx¿ lgdf0{ f u/ . OGb| ± Oo ≠ OlGb|o /fi6« ± Oo ≠ eg\\ ± cfO ≠ egfO If]qL ± Oo ≠ af]n\\ ± cfO ≠ ===== k9\\ ± cfO ≠ ===== g]kfn ± O{ ≠ g]kfnL ;g' \\ ± cfO ≠ ===== lxdfn ± O{ ≠ lxF8\\ ± cfO ≠ ===== laxf/ ± O{ ≠ sfnf] ± O{ ≠ s[ ± o ≠ sfo{ b[z\\ ± o ≠ ===== n]s ± cfnL ≠ ns] fnL kh' \\ ± o ≠ ===== emfkf± cfnL ≠ dfg\\ ± o ≠ ===== xD] hf ± cfnL ≠ n]v\\ ± o ≠ ===== :ofª\\hf ± cfnL ≠ -dfly zAb;Fu k5fl8 hfl] 8g cfpg] cz+ nfO{ k|Too elgG5 ._ lbg M PstL; cEof; v08 kf7 M zAb lgdf0{ f tnsf] pbfx/0fdf lbOPemF} afsF L zAbx¿ lgdf{0f u/ . k/ ± b]z ≠ k/b]z k|lt ± a4 ≠ klta4 k/ ± lge{/ ≠ ====== kl| t ± sf/ ≠ ===== k/ ± cwLg ≠ ====== k|lt ± xf/ ≠ ===== k/ ± tGq ≠ ====== kl| t ± zfGt ≠ ===== cg ± d]n ≠ cgd]n ;d ± cfnfr] gf ≠ ;dfnf]rgf cg ± dfn] ≠ ===== ;d ± b/' L ≠ ===== cg ± cfb/ ≠ ===== ;d ± sf0] f ≠ ===== cg ± pbf/ ≠ ====== ;d ± jo ≠ ===== ;d ± ;fdlos ≠ ===== -dfly zAbsf] cufl8 hfl] 8Psf c+znfO{ pk;u{ elgG5 ._ lbg M aQL; kf7 M df5fk'R5|] lxpFkfgL xf] -cEof;leqsf] kf7_ cWoog v08 ‘df5fkR' 5|] lxpkF fgL xf]’ kf7 k9 . cEof; v08 kfv] /fdf a;]/ ltdLn] lxdfn cjZo} bv] s] f 5f} . lxdfnsf af/d] f Pp6f cgR' 5b] nv] . --33--

Class-6 lbg M t]QL; kf7 M lbdfu a9fpg] cf]vtL cWoog v08 ‘lbdfu a9fpg] cfv] tL’ Wofg lbP/ k9 . cEof; v08 kqklqsfdf sg' sg' ljifo x'G5g\\ / ltgn] s;/L xfd|f] lbdfu a9fpF5g\\ < nfdf] pQ/ nv] . lbg M rf}tL; kf7 M lbdfu a9fpg] cf]vtL cWoog v08 ‘lbdfu a9fpg] cf]vtL’ kf7nfO{ /fd/| L cWoog u/ . cEof; v08 kf7af6 k|Zgjfrs lrGx -<_ / lj:do;r\" s lrGx - ¤ _ ko| fu] ePsf tLg tLg jfSo vfh] ]/ sfkLdf ;f/ . lbg M k}FtL; kf7 M cltl/Qm cEof; cWoog v08 vfgs] '/fn] xfd|f] :jf:Yodf lgs} 7\"nf] ke| fj kfb5{ g\\ . xfdL h:tf] vfgs] '/f vfG5f}F xfdf| ] :jf:Yo klg To:t} aG5 . kfl} i6s cfxf/o'Qm vfgf vfPdf xfdL :j:y aG5fF} . vfgfdf kf}li6s tŒj sdL eof] eg] xfd|f] :jf:Yodf cfp5F . tfhf vfgs] '/f vfg] dflg;sf] dl:tis klg tl] hnf] x'G5 elgG5 . a9\\bf] pd]/sf afnaflnsfnfO{ kf}li6stfo'Qm vfgf v'jfpgk' 5{ . dfqf ldnfP/ vfgf vfPdf dflg;sf] z/L/df a9' f]kg klg l5§} b]lvbF }g elgG5 . le6fldg, kf| ]l6g, sfafx]{ fO8]«6, lrNnf] kbfy{, vlgh cflb kfl} i6s tŒj z/L/df clt cfjZos xG' 5. kfl} i6stfo'Qm vfg]s'/fn] z/L/df /f]ulj?4 n8g\\ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; u5{ . :jR5, ;kmf / tfhf vfg]s/' fn] z/L/nfO{ :j:y agfp5F . z/L/ :j:y ePkl5 dl:tisdf :km\"lt{ cfpF5 . tfhf dl:tisn] ;wF} ;sf/fTds / l;h{gzLn s/' f dfq ;fR] 5 . :j:y z/L/n] ljleGg ls|ofsnfk ug{ xfdLnfO{ ;Ifd tN' ofp5F . :j:y dflg;n] x/s] sfd /fd|f;] Fu ;DkGg ug{ ;S5 . t;y{ ;wF} vfgkfgdf xfdLn] Wofg lbg'k5{ . s:tf] vfg], slt vfg] / sg' sg' ;dodf vfg] eGg] s'/fsf] Vofn u/L vfgs] /' f vfgfn] xfdf| ] hLjg ;kmn aG5 . cEof; v08 dflysf] cg'R5]b /fdf| ];Fu k9 / tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m . s_ s:tf] vfgfn] xfdLnfO{ :j:y agfpF5 < 3_ tfhf dl:tisn] s:tf s/' f dfq} ;f]R5 < v_ kfl} i6s tŒjleq ss] ] kb{5g\\ < ª_ ;kmn hLjg afFRgsf nflu sg' s'/fdf Wofg u_ tfhf vfg]s'/fn] dl:tisnfO{ s:tf] agfp5F < lbg'k5{ < lbg M 5QL; kf7 M cfkF sf] ;ªV\\ of -cEof;leqsf] kf7_ cEof; v08 kf7sf] bf;] f| ] cgR' 5b] cfÇgf cleefjsnfO{ k9\\g nufpm / Wofgk\"js{ ;'g / n]v . n]vL ;s]kl5 slt zAb z'4 eP5g,\\ cleefjs;uF } a;]/ k:' tsdf x]/ . cfÇgf] dN\" ofªs\\ g cfkmF} u/ . --34--

Nepali lbg M ;}FtL; kf7 M :jtGq nv] g cEof; cWoog v08 ltdLn] w]/} ljifox¿ k9\\5f} . sg' } ljifo clt g} dg k5{ eg] sg' } ljifo slQ klg dg kb}g{ . dg kg{] ljifo kl9/fVg dg nfUg] xG' 5 eg] s'g} ljifo k9g\\ } dg nfUbg} . xfdL ;kmn aGgsf nflu / w]/} hfGg] x'gsf nflu ;a} ljifodf plQs} Wofg lbP/ k9g\\ cfjZos 5 . ;a} ljifonfO{ a/fa/ ;do lbP/ k9\\gfn] xfdL ;a} ljifodf hfGg] xG' 5f}F . cEof; v08 ltdLnfO{ dg kg{] ljifo s'g xf] < Tof] ljifo lsg dg k/]sf] xf] < sf/0f;lxt Ps cg'R5b] n]v . lbg M c7\\tL; kf7 M Jofs/0f v08 -wft'_ cWoog v08 tnsf] cg'R5b] /fd|f;] Fu x]/ . d}] vfgf vfPF . lxhf] klg oltan] f d vfFb} lyP.F afaf cfpg] an] fdf dn} ] vfgf vfPsf] lyPF. Ps lbg t ef]s nfus] f] a]nfdf lgs} w/] } vfgf vfP5'. klxn] klxn] d lgs} w]/} ld7fOv{ fGy]F . oxfF ‘vf’ wft'af6 vfPF, vfbF } lyP,F vfPsf] lyPF, vfP5', vfGy]F h:tf lso| fkb lgdf0{ f ePsf 5g\\ . wft' egs] f] lso| fkb lgdf{0f ug]{ eflifs PsfO xf] . wftn' ] sfd hgfp5F . Pp6} wfta' f6 klg yk' |} ls|ofkb agfpg ;lsG5 . cEof; v08 dflysf] cg'R5b] df Pp6} ‘vf’ wfta' f6 lso| fkb lgdf{0f u/L jfSodf ko| fu] ul/Psf] 5 . ltdL klg ‘n]v’\\ , ‘;g' ’\\ / ‘af]n’\\ wft' /fv]/ dflysf h:t} ls|ofkb lgdf0{ f u/L b'O{ bO' j{ 6f jfSo agfpm . -wft' 5'6o\\ fpbF f cfkm\"n] 5'6\\ofPsf] cz+ df ‘g'’ / ‘g’] kT| oo hf]8 . oL k|Too hf]8k] l5 ag]sf] zAbn] sfd ae' mfof] eg] ltdLn] 56' o\\ fPsf] c+z wft' xf] gq xfO] g ._ cWoog v08 lbg M pgfGrfnL; sfn / ltgsf kIf kf7 M Jofs/0f -sfn / ltgsf kIf_ ;fdfGo et\" → Wfft' ±of÷] P÷O{ cflb ↓ ;fdfGo jt{dfg → k9\\ ± of] – k9o\\ f,] k9\\ ± P – k9,] vf ± O{ – vfO{ ;fdfGo eljiot\\ → Wfft' ± 5÷5÷' 5g\\ cflb ↓ k9\\ ± 5 – k9\\5, k9\\ ± 5' – k9\\5', vn] \\ ± 5g\\ – vN] 5g\\ Wfft' ± g5] ÷g]5'÷g5] g\\ cflb ↓ k9\\ ± g]5 – k9\\g5] , k9\\ ± g5] ' – k9g\\ ]5', vf ± g'x'g5] – vfg'xg' 5] --35--

Class-6 ck\"0f{ kIf → Wfft' ± t}÷b} ± sfn cg';f/sf] lj|mofkb k0\" f{ kIf → ↓ k9\\ ± b} ± lyP – k9\\b} lyP -ck0\" f{ et\" _ cEo:t e\"t → k9\\ ± b} ± 5g\\ – k9\\b} 5g\\ -ck\"0f{ jt{dfg _ c1ft et\" → k9\\ ± b} ± xg' 5] g\\ – k9b\\ } x'g5] g\\ -ck\"0f{ eljiot\\ _ Wfft' ± Psf÷] Psf÷PsL ± sfn cg;' f/sf] ljm| ofkb ↓ k9\\ ± Psf] ± lyof] – k9s] f] lyof] -k0\" f{ et\" _ k9\\ ± Psf ± 5g\\ – k9]sf 5g\\ -k0\" f{ jtd{ fg _ k9\\ ± PsL ± x'g]5] – k9]sL xg' ]5] -k0\" f{ eljiot\\ _ Wfft' ± Yof÷] y÷] Yof÷} YofF} cflb ↓ k9\\ ± Yof] – k9Y\\ of] k9\\ ± Yof} – k9\\Yof} k9\\ ± Yof}F – k9\\Yof}F Wfft' ± P5'÷P5÷P5g÷\\ O5 cflb ↓ lgbfp ± P5' – lgbfP5' k9\\ ± P5 – k95] k9\\ ± O5 – kl95 k9\\ ± P5g\\ – k9]5g\\ cEof; v08 !_ dflysf] ;\"q ko| f]u u/L sfi] 7sdf lbOPsf wft' / ;ªs\\ t] sf cfwf/df vfnL 7fpF e/ M s_ /f]xg kf7 ================== . - k9\\ M ;fdfGo jtd{ fg _ v_ l;tfn] vfhf ================ . - vf M ;fdfGo e\"t _ u_ pgLx¿ e\"sDkaf6 ========== . - afrF \\ M ;fdfGo eljiot\\ _ 3_ ltdL k|ult ================== . - u/\\ M ck\"0f{ jt{dfg _ ª_ xfdLn] lxdfn ================ . - b]v\\ M k\"0f{ e\"t _ r_ p;n] 3fOtn] fO{ kfgL================== . - lb M c1ft et\" _ @_ sfi] 7sdf lbOPsf wft' / ;ª\\st] sf cfwf/df vfnL 7fpF e/ M s_ cfdf dlGb/ ================== . - hf M ;fdfGo et\" _ v_ pxfF syf ================== . - nv] \\ M ck0\" f{ eljiot\\_ u_ d/] f] ;fyL /fdf| uLt ============ . - ufp M cEo:t et\" _ 3_ /fd / d dfjn ================== . - lx8F \\ M ;fdfGo eljiot\\ _ ª_ ltgLx¿n] k/LIff /fdf| ] ========== . - u/\\ M k0\" f{ jt{dfg _ r_ cfsfzdf r/fx¿ ================ . - p8\\ M c1ft e\"t _ --36--

Nepali lbg M rfnL; kf7 M cfhnfO{ dfof u/ cWoog v08 xfdLn] sljtfdf ko| f]u x'g] kª\\lQm, Znf]s, cgk' f| ; cflbaf/] o;eGbf cufl8 g} 5nkmn u/]sf 5f}F . pQm s'/fnfO{ kml] / ;Dem x} t . cEof; v08 ‘cfhnfO{ dfof u/’ sljtfdf ko| fu] ePsf cg'k|f;oQ' m zAbx¿sf] hf]8L agfpm . lbg M PsrfnL; kf7 M cfhnfO{ dfof u/ cWoog v08 JofVof s;/L ug]{ eGg]af/] s]xL s'/f xfdLn] klxnf] kf7d} 5nkmn u/s] f 5fF} . tL s/' fx¿nfO{ kg' M :d/0f u/ . cEof; v08 JofVof u/ M s'/f dfq} xfO] g ca sfdn] k/\" f ug'k{ ¥of] c¿nfO{ bf]if nfpg]n] cfkm}F cl3 ;gk{' ¥of] . cWoog v08 lbg M aofnL; kf7sf] bf];f| ] lrq /fd/| L x/] . kf7 M cfhnfO{ dfof u/ cEof; v08 pQm lrqdf s] s:tf b[Zox¿ bV] of} < j0fg{ u/ . lbg M lqrfnL; kf7 M zAbe08f/ cEof; v08 tnsf cy;{ uF ldNbf] cy{ lbg] zAb÷zAbfjnL 5fg]/ hf]8f ldnfpm M x/} fg xg' ' – yfSg', kfSg', xfF:g' bª kg'{ – cfslif{t x'g,' crlDdt x'g', ldNg' kf/kfrs' ] ug{' – ldNg,' 5'l§g,' klNsg' nyflnªu – lahfu] , ;G' b/, ;dl] nPsf] c¿sf] cwLgdf /xg' – :jfwLg, k/fwLg, :jtGq 5nkmn – s/' fsfgL, emu8f, l/; cflQg' – x8a8fpg', cfslift{ x'g', cfglGbt xg' ' hg\" k\"/f pHofnf] ePsf] – cfzF} L , PsfbzL, k\"l0fd{ f --37--

Class-6 lbg M rf}jfnL; kf7 M zAbe08f/ cWoog v08 pbfx/0fdf lbOPh:t} u/L tn lbOPsf zAbx¿nfO{ ldnfP/ tflnsfdf e/ M x'g' gx'g' u/]F ul/gF eof] ePg a:g] 5 a:g] 5}g lgbfP5 lgbfPg5 v]NYof] v]Nb}gYof] ;'g g;g' knf{ gknf{ zAbx¿ M cfpbF g} , xs' {nf, ku' ]gg,\\ afF8o\\ f,} lx8F \\b}gYof,} lht5] f}, lal;{P5f}F , x'Fb} 5, ePsf] lyPg, kv,{ ghfpm, l/;fO5o\\ f}, af8F g] 5g\\, 6fN] g]5, ;Sg] 5}g, n]V5', k9b\\ g} fF,} lnG5;\\, gl/;f -o; tflnsfdf ba] |]lt/ ePsf zAb s/0f x'g\\ eg] bflxg]lt/ ePsf zAb cs/0f xg' \\ ._ lbg M kt}F fnL; kf7 M cfhnfO{ dfof u/ cWoog v08 kf7df /xs] f] bf];|f] lrq /fd|/L cjnf]sg u/ . cEof; v08 pQm lrqdf s] s:tf b[Zox¿ bV] of} < j0fg{ u/]/ cleefjsnfO{ ;g' fpm . lbg M 5ofnL; kf7 McfhnfO{ dfof u/ cWoog v08 ‘cfhnfO{ dfof u/’ sljtf efsf xfn/] k9 . -o6' \\o'adf of] sljtf jfrg ul/Psf ;fdu|L kfpg ;lsG5 . To;sf] ;xof]u lnP/ o;sf] no÷efsf l;s ._ cEof; v08 ‘cfhnfO{ dfof u/’ sljtf no xfn]/ cleefjsnfO{ ;g' fpm . lbg M ;trfnL; kf7 M ;do -cEof;leqsf] kf7_ cEof; v08 kf7sf] klxnf] cgR' 5b] cfÇgf cleefjsnfO{ k9g\\ nufpm / ltdLn] nv] . slt z4' n]Vof} cleefjs;uF } a;]/ k:' tsdf x/] . olb lau]|sf] ePdf ;Rofpm . --38--

Nepali lbg M c7rfnL; kf7 M j0fl{ jGof; cEof; v08 tnsf zAbdf ‘z’, ‘if’ / ‘;’ lauf//] lbOPsf] 5, ltgnfO{ ldnfP/ n]v . ;/L/, ifª\\sf, jfz, cf;ªs\\ f, z6sf]0f, iflxb, l;Iff, sl[ z, kfgz, nis/, nzg' , zfyL, cjio, iflª\\ugL, s:[ 0f lbg M pgfGkrf; kf7 M afFb/afFbgL{ cWoog v08 kf7sf] ;'?df /xs] f zAbfy{ cWoog u/ . cEof; v08 cfÇgf afafcfdf, bfOlbbL jf cGonfO{ zAbfy{ ;fW] g nufpm / eg . slt zAbsf] cy{ ldnfof} < dN\" ofª\\sg u/ . lbg M krf; kf7 M afFb/afbF gL{ cWoog v08 afbF /afFbgL{ kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 . cEof; v08 afFb/afFbgL{ kf7 ;:j/ jfrg u/]/ cfÇgf cleefjsnfO{ ;'gfpm . lbg M PsfpGg kf7 M syf >j0f cWoog v08 afbF /afbF gL{ syfh:t} /dfOnf] syf ltd|f cleefjsnfO{ s07 x'g ;S5 . pxfxF ¿nfO{ cfu|x u/]/ s'g} syf ;'g. cEof; v08 cleefjsn] ;g' fpge' Psf] syf slt ;DemG5f,} cfÇg} efiffdf 5f6] f] agfP/ n]v . . lbg M afpGg kf7 M pRrf/0f cEof; cEof; v08 tnsf zAbx¿ pRrf/0f u/ / cfÇgf cleefjsnfO{ ;G' g nufpm . uNtL ePdf cleefjs;Fu ;RofO{ dfu . kª\\v, k|Llt, Wjhf, ;l[ i6, WofpGg, 6'Fl8vn] , ast{ , kl/>d, lg/LIf0f, ;~rfng, ld>0f, ;\"Id, cGtjft{ f{, vfF§L, ;kg| ', ug{'k¥of,] kj\" h{ Gd, cfZro{, ;j{:jx/0f, ;:+ yfks, ;ª\\ux| , lg/ª\\sz' cWoog v08 lbg M lqkGg != abnf kf7 k9 . kf7 M abnf -cEof;leqsf] kf7_ --39--

Class-6 cEof; v08 != cfÇgL afbF gL{nfO{ /fhfn] /fgL agfP/ nu]sf] sfos{ f] abnf afFb/n] s;/L lnPsf] 5 < lbg M rf}jGg kf7 M hggfos ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sfO] /fnf cWoog v08 ljZjZ] j/k;| fb sfO] /fnfsf] hLjgL /fd/| L k9 . cEof; v08 sd| lauf/]/ lbOPsf tnsf aF'bfx¿nfO{kf7sf cfwf/df s|d ldnfP/ nv] . s_ ljBfyL{ sfnd} ;fyLefOsf] g]t[Tj u/s] f, v_ k|hftGqsf nflu @( lbg;Dd h]nleq} cg;g a;]sf, u_ @)!^ ;fndf klxnf] hglgjf{lrt kw| fgdGqL aGg', 3_ lj=;+= @)#( ;fn ;fpg ^ ut] dT[ o' ePsf], ª_ lj=;+= @))& b]lv @)!% ;fn;Dd ;l+ jwfg lgdf{0f / cfd lgjfr{ gsf nflu ;lso| , r_ lj=;+= !(*& ;fndf klxnfk] 6s jgf/;sf] hn] df k/s] f, 5_ lj=;=+ @))& ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj u/s] f, h_ lj=;+= !(&@ ebf} @$ ut] ef/tsf] jgf/;df hGd]sf, lbg M krkGg kf7 M JofVof÷efj lj:tf/ cWoog v08 xfdLn] rfy} f] lbgdf JofVof ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg{] s]xL s'/f kl9;s]sf 5f}F . To;nfO{ k'gM k9 / ;Dem . cEof; v08 efj lj:tf/ u/ M dflg; 7n\" f] aGg'df eGbf c;n aGg'df sNof0f 5 . lbg M 5kGg kf7 M gfd cWoog v08 gfdkb M sf,] s], sg' 7fpF egL zAbdfly k|Zg ubf{ pTt/ lbg ldNg] zAb gfdkb x'G5 . sf] < M xl/, lzIfs, ufos, s]6L - ‘sf’] n] dfG5n] fO{ dfq k|Zg ug{ ldN5 _ s] < M kfgL, ;dfrf/, tftF L, dfof -‘s’] n] dfG5] afxs] sf cGo lrhlahnfO{ ;ªs\\ t] u5{ _ s'g 7fpF < M x;+ k'/, vf]6fª, Ko7' fg, g]kfn - sg' } Ps lglZrt 7fpsF f] gfd _ cEof; v08 dflysf] cfwf/df tnsf] cg'R5b] df k|ofu] ePsf gfd zAb 5fg]/ sfkLdf ;f/ . ;x/bl] v kfrF 3G6f lxF8]/ /lj ufpF cfOk'us] f] 5 . ufpdF f cfOkU' gf;fy p;n] l/gfnfO{ e]6\\of] . pgLx¿ Psl5g ns' L8d' v]n] . sx] La/] df p;sf] df]afOndf kmfg] cfof] . pm cfÇgf] 3/ kmlsFb{ f af6f]df afv|f rl//x]sf lyP . efl] nkN6 laxfg} r/f lr/la/ lr/la/ u/L s/fP . /lj lgs} /dfof] . ‰ofnaf6 aflx/ af;F 3f/Ldf x]¥of] . afF;sf] af6] df r/f /dfpFb} e/' { e'/{ pl8/xs] f lyP . --40--

Nepali lbg M ;GtfpGg kf7 M ;jg{ fd cWoog v08 ;jg{ fdkb M tnsf zAbx¿ ;j{gfd x'g\\ . d,cfkm\" xfdL tF ltdL ltdLx¿ pm pgL pgLx¿ Tof] tL, ltgL ltgLx¿ of] oL, logL logLx¿ xh'/ xh'/x¿ tkfO{+ tkfO{x+ ¿ pxfF pxfFx¿ df};'km df;} 'kmx¿ gfdkbsf ;66\\ fdf ko| fu] x'g] k'?ifjfrs zAbx¿ sf], s,] s'g M oL / logLx¿af6 aGg] k|Zgjfrs zAbx¿ hf], h], h'g M oL / logLx¿af6 aGg] ;DaGwjfrs zAbx¿ cEof; v08 xfdL, t,F ltdL, pgL, pxfF, Tof] ;jg{ fd k|ofu] u/L Ps Ps jfSo agfpm . lbg M cG7fpGg kf7 M ljz]if0f cWoog v08 ljz]if0fkb M s:tf,] sqf], slt, sg' , s;sf] egL k|Zg ubf{ pTt/ cfpg] zAb ljz]if0f kb x'g\\ . s:tf] → c;n, l/;fxf, abdf; cflb . sqf] → cUnf,] ;fgf], a8]dfgsf] cflb . slt → w/] }, yk' ,}| yf]/,} cfwf, rf}yfO cflb . sg' → sfG5f,] bf;] f| ] cflb . s;sf] → xfdf| ], /fdsf, d/] L, cfÇgf] cflb . ;ªV\\ ofaf]ws zAb → Ps, klxnf,] ;of,F} Psfx] f/] f], bf]xf]/f], bhg{ cflb . sf÷] sf÷sL, /f]÷/f÷/L, gf÷] gf÷gL nfu]sf zAb →cfsfzsf], t]/f, cfÇgL cflb . gfdkbsf cl3lNt/ ko| f]u ePsf] ;j{gfdkb →Tof] 3/ of] ufO{ hg' dfG5] s] s'/f cEof; v08 tnsf ljzi] f0f zAb ko| f]u u/L jfSo agfpm M /fd|f,] cUnf,] kfFr, sfG5L, Tof], 5R' rf,] c;n, rsrs,] ltd|f] --41--

Class-6 lbg M pgfG;f7L kf7 M ls|ofkb cWoog v08 ljm| ofkb M wftd' f ;dfks kT| oo nfuL ag]sf sg' } egfO k0\" f{ ug]{ zAbx¿ lj|mofkb x'g\\ . h:t} M uof,] egL, vflG5g,\\ x'g5] ' cflb . lj|mofkb kf| o M jfSosf] cGtdf cfO{ k\"0f{ lj/fd, k|Zgjfrs lrxg\\ lnG5g\\ . ;/:jtL ptflt/ uO{ . ltdf| ] gfd s] xf] < cEof; v08 ki[ 7 !* df /xs] f] cEof;leqsf] kf7 ‘l5ds] Lsf] dxŒj’ sf] bf;] f| ] cgR' 5]bdf ko| fu] ePsf lso| fkb 5fg]/ sfkLdf ;f/ . lbg M ;f7L kf7 M zAbfy{ cWoog v08 kf7 Ps bl] v cf7;Dd lbOPsf zAbfy{ cWoog u/ . cEof; v08 cEof; M ;dx\" ‘s’ df lbOPsf zAbsf] cy{ ;d\"x ‘v’ af6 klxrfg u/L pQ/ kl' :tsfdf n]v M != ;d\"x ‘s’ ;dx\" ‘v’ ns] /; gePsf] OR5f clt ;fgf] kf| rLg cfu|x ;I\" d rfxgf gL/; ul/df cg/' fw] k/' fgf] nv] fO kxf8sf] dflyNnf] efu @= ;d\"x ‘s’ ;d\"x ‘v’ hfuF / kl/jf/ /x:o emG8f kfOvfgf l9nf] :jefjsf] hxfg ;DklQ wg n's]sf] s/' f Wjhf rkL{ kfOPsf] vfgf :kml\" t{, pT;fx #= ;d\"x ‘s’ ;dx\" ‘v’ 3fi] f0ff ;fVv} c1fgL crlDdt lznf gfz, a/afb ;xf]b/ 1fg gePsf] --42--

Nepali kTy/, 9'ªu\\ f rlst rf/}lt/ v/] ;an} fO{ ;'gfpg] sfd lgdft{ f $= ;d\"x ‘s’ uf}/j ;dx\" ‘v’ ljrf/ 5p] nf]slko| lrhlah ;fduL| lglZrt gePsf] l8n bfloTj clglZrt :jfledfg ;f]r %= ;d\"x ‘s’ lauf/]sf] rf/ 3'OrF f] ;an} ] dg k/fPsf] kvfn{ ;d\"x ‘v’ vf§F L ld;fj6 ld>0f ltvf{ Kof; ;Dd k/]sf] ;dy/ Hofb} ulx/f] afG8f] ;To k/sf] vfn le8 --43--

Subject : Mathematics Class-6 Day-1 Activity:1(Geometry)  Intersecting line and parallel line Intersecting Parallel  See pg - 1 (text book) Exercise: Q. From the given figure, write down the pairs of intersecting lines and parallel lines. A EB C D F Day-2 Activity:2 (Geometry)  Identifying the relation between the lines.  See pg. - 1 (Point to remember) Exercise: P Q Q. In the given figure, if PQ//RS and RS//TU. Then, S U what is the relation between PQ and TU? R T Day – 3 Activity:3 (Geometry)  Perpendicular lines: It is denoted by the symbol '⊥'.  Follow pg. - 3 Point to remember from text book. Exercise: Q Q. In the adjoining figure, i) Which line segments are perpendicular to AB.? ii) What is the relation between PQ and RS? PA RB S --44--

Mathematics Day - 4 Activity:4 (Geometry)  Construction of parallel line by using set - squares.  See the following steps from pg. 5(a) (text book). Exercise: a) Construct a parallel line passing through the point P. (using set - squares). P AB Day - 5 Activity:5 (Geometry)  Construction of perpendicular line from an external point and at a given point by using set - square.  See the following steps from pg. 5 (b) and (c) Exercise: P ii) i) EP F CD Day - 6 Activity:6(Geometry)  Construction of perpendicular bisector of a line segment using compass.  See the following steps from pg. - 7 (a) text book. Exercise: Q. Construct the perpendicular bisector PQ = 7cm by using a ruler and a compass. Day - 7 Activity:7(Geometry)  Construction of perpendicular to a line at a point on the line.  See the following steps from pg. - 7 (b) text book. Exercise: Q. Construct the perpendicular line segment XY = 6cm using a compass. --45--

Day - 8 Class-6 Activity:8(Geometry) R  Identifying the perpendicular bisector. U Q Exercise: P S Q. From the adjoining figure, T a) Name the perpendicular bisector of side QR. b) Name the perpendicular bisector of side PQ. c) Are PS and RS equal? Day - 9 Activity:9(Geometry)  Identifying the types of angles.  Follow pg. 11 (from summarize) text book. Exercise: P Q. Classify the types of angles with regard to their size. a) L AN Q R Day - 10 900 600 Activity:10(Geometry) 1600 a  Finding the missing angle.  Angles at a point is 3600 Example: Q. Find the angle marked with letter from the given figure. Solution: Here, Sum of all the angle = 3600 i.e; 1600 + 900 + 600 + a = 3600 or, 3100 + a = 3600 or, a = 3600 - 3100 ∴ a = 500 Thus, the measure of angle a is 500. Exercise 1340 d Q. From the given figure, 1160 find the missing angle marked with letter. --46--

Mathematics 6x 2x x Day - 11 Activity:11(Geometry)  Angle on a line is 1800 Example: Q. Find the size of each unknown angle given is the figure. Solution: Here, 6x + 2x + x = 1800 (∵ angle on a line) or, 9x = 1800 1800 or, x = 9 ∴ x = 200 Now, 2x = 2×200 = 400 6x = 6×200 = 1200 Thus, the size of angles are 200, 400 and 1200. Exercise: 5x 4x Q. Calculate the size of each unknown 3x angles given in the figure. Day - 12 A D Activity:(Geometry) C O  Angles between intersecting B lines are vertically opposite. 30+a ≮AOC = ≮DOB and≮AOD = ≮COB Since, vertically opposite angles are equal. Exercise: Q. Calculate the angle maked with letter. 600 Day - 13 Activity:13(Geometry)  Construction of angles using set - square.  Follow pg. 17 (text book) Exercise: Q. Draw an angle of 450 and 1200 using set - square. --47--

Class-6 Day - 14 Activity:(Geometry)  Construction of angle using compass.  Bisector of an angle: the line which divides the angle into two equal angles. P Q Here, ≮POQ = ≮QOR = 300 300 So, OQ is the bisector of ≮PQR. 300 O R Exercise: Q. Draw an angle of 300 and bisect using compass. Day - 15 Activity:15 (Geometry)  Construction of angle using compass.  Also follow the steps from pg. 18 Exercise: Q. Construct an angle of 600 and 1050 using compass. Day - 16 Activity:16(Set)  Rules for writing a set 1. Sets are denoted by the capital letters and its elements by small letters. 2. The elements of set are separated by commas (,). 3. The elements are enclosed by curly brackets { }. Exercise: Q. Cross out the odd (dissimilar) one and write the name of the set of remaining objects. a Example: a) e o v/ iu Here, {a, e, i, o, u} is the set of vowel letters. b) 4 2 10 8 69 --48--

Mathematics Day - 17 Activity:17(set)  Set notations  '∈' means belongs to the set.  '∉' means does not belongs to the set. Exercise: Q. Write the following in set notation. a) '2' belongs to the set 'E'. b) 'Rose' is not a member of 'Fruits'. Day - 18 Activity:18 (set)  Elements or members of a set.  The object or items of a set are called elements or member of a set. Example: Q. A set of odd numbers less than 8. Here, A = {1,3,5,7} Exercise: Q. List the set of prime numbers less than 14. Day - 19 Activity:19 (set)  Representing the set by Tabular or listing or roster method.  Follow different methods of representing Set pg. 82. Example: Represent by listing method; The set of 7 days of a week Here, = {Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday} Exercise: Q. Represent the following by listing method. a) The set of natural number less than 8. Day - 20 Activity:20(Set)  Representing by set builder method. Example: {3,6,9,12} Here, Given set = {3,6,9,12} = {x:x is a multiple of 3 less than 15} Exercise: Q. Represent the following set by set builder method. a) W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Day - 21 Activity:21(Set)  Representing by Describing Method. Example: P = {2, 3, 4, 5} = The set of first four Prime numbers. --49--

Class-6 Exercise: Q. Represent the following set by describing method. a) {x:x≤ 5, x ∈ N} Day - 22 Activity :22(Set)  Cardinality The number of elements of any set is known as the cardinality of that set. It is denoted by n(A). Examples: A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Here, n(A) = 5 Exercise: Q. Write the cardinal number of set. a) A = {x:x is a letter of the word 'BEAUTIFUL'} b) B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14} Day - 23 Activity:23(Set)  Finite set and infinite set.  A set which contains a finite (countable) member of elements is called a finite set. Example: A = set of even number less than 5. A = {2, 4} i.e; n (A) = 2  A set whose elements are not countable is called an infinite set. Example: N = {1, 2, 3, .........} Here, (N) is infinite (∞) Exercise: Q. State which of the following sets are finite and infinite. a) A = {x:x is a vowel letters of the word 'MATHEMATICS'} b) B = {x:x is a set of odd numbers} Day - 25 Activity: (Set)  Null or Empty set and singleton set.  A set without elements is called null or empty set. It is represented by the symbol ∅ or { }.  A set with a single element is called singleton set. Example:Empty Set A={x:x is a natural number less than 1} Since there is no natural number less than 1. Thus, A={} Singleton Set B={x:x is a days of the week starting with letter 'F'} Here, B={Friday} Hence, n(B)=1 --50--