Nepali Book 2078 (Grade 6)

g]kfnL ;ªu\\ Ltsf] ljsf;df dg, jrg / sdn{ ] kl| ta4 eO{ lg/Gt/ ;fwgf ub}{ o;sf] pTyfgdf nfUg ;a}nfO{ pTk|/] 0ff lbg] cDa/ u?' ªsf] lgwg lj=;+= @)&# h]7 @% ut] dª\\unaf/sf lbg &( jifs{ f] pd/] df sf7df8fdF} f eof] . o;/L cfwl' gs gk] fnL uLt;ªu\\ Lt / ;flxTosf] Ifq] df k¥' ofPsf] ljlzi6 of]ubfgn] ubf{ cfh pgL d\"wG{ o ;ªu\\ Ltsf/sf ¿kdf cd/ ePsf 5g\\ . k|lta4 – af“lwPsf], sl6a4 zAbe08f/ != tnsf zAb / cyl{ ar hf8] f ldnfpg'xf];\\ M cfslift{ :yfkgf ug{] sfd k|ltef tflgPsf] >l' tdw/' kj| f; ljb]z ztfAbL ;o jifs{ f] ;do jf cjlw s0f{lko| ;Tsf/ clegGbg k|z+;f @= k9g\\ x' f;] \\ / ;dfjz] s tyf ;dfjZ] o zAblarsf] cGt/ kQf nufpgx' f;] \\ M hgfj/ kmnkm\" n af3, efn,' ufO{, afv|f,] 3f]8f,] cfkF , cDaf, :ofp, ;'Gtnf, v/fof] cª\\u/' , dj] f …hgfj/Ú zAbleq af3, efn', ufO{, afv|f], 3f]8f], v/fof] cflb ;dfj]z xG' 5g\\ . To:t} …kmnkm\" nÚ leq cfFk, cDaf, :ofp, ;'Gtnf, gk] fnL, sIff ^ 47

cª\\u/' , d]jf cflb ;dfjz] xG' 5g\\ . o;/L h'g zAbleq cGo zAb ;dfjz] xG' 5g,\\ To:tf zAb ;dfjz] s zAb xg' \\ . dflysf hgfj/ / kmnkm\" n ;dfj]zs zAb xg' \\ . ;dfj]zs zAbleq ;dfj]z x'g] zAbx¿ rflxF ;dfj]Zo zAb xg' \\ . dflysf af3, efn,' ufO{, afv|f,] 3f8] f], v/fof] cflb …hgfj/Ú sf ;dfjZ] o zAb x'g\\ eg] cfFk, cDaf, :ofp, ;'Gtnf, cªu\\ '/, d]jfnufot …kmnkm\" nÚ sf ;dfj]Zo zAb xg' \\ . #= tnsf ;dfj]zs zAb;“u ;DalGwt rf/ rf/cf]6f ;dfj]Zo zAb nV] g'xf];\\ M lstfa, k\"mn, r/f, n'uf, uxgf, ef8F fjtg{ , gbL, cGg $= tnsf ;dfj]Zo zAbx¿;“u ;DalGwt ;dfjz] s zAb nV] g'xf;] \\ M -s_ cfn,' sfpnL, nfs} f -v_ u08sL, sgfn{ L, sf;] L -u_ ;u/dfyf, s~rghª3\\ f, cGgk0\" f { -3_ lhk, a;, 6«s afw] / cleJolSt != dflysf] hLjgL sIffsf ;a} hgfn] kfn}kfnf] Ps Ps cg'R5]b ;:j/jfrg ug{'xf];\\ . @= lbOPsf zAb z'4;u“ pRrf/0f u/L sfkLdf ;fgx'{ f;] \\ M Jofsn' , kª\\lSt, kV' ofn}{ L, ;fªu\\ Llts, jl/i7, dxG] b,| ;Dxfn/] , sl' ~hgL, ztfAbL, l5Ggntf, xªsª, ;ª\\3;+:yf #= cDa/ u'?ª;u“ ;DalGwt tnsf ljifoj:t'nfO{ 36gfj|mdsf cfwf/df != @= #= sf] jm| ddf /fVgx' f];\\ M - _ cDa/ u'?ªsf] hGd bflh{lnªsf] ldlnª lrof sdfgdf xg' ' - _ g]kfn k1| f kl| ti7fgsf ;ªu\\ Lt kd| v' sf ¿kdf sfd ubf{ub{} cjsfz lng' 48 g]kfnL, sIff ^

- _ …d cDa/ xFÚ' / …;Dxfn]/ /fvÚ uLtx¿ ufpg' - _ …;ofF} yFu' f km\" nsf xfdL Pp6} dfnf gk] fnL====Ú /fli6o« ufgdf ;ª\\uLt eg'{ - _ bflhl{ nªs} 6ga{ 'n ljBfnodf kf| /lDes lzIff k/\" f ug'{ - _ g]kfn k1| f k|lti7fgdf ;ª\\uLt1sf ¿kdf sfd ug{ yfNg' - _ cudl;x+ lu/Låf/f /lrt …gf} nfv tf/f pbfP===Ú uLt snsQfdf /]s8{ u/fpg' $= kf7sf cfwf/df dfl} vs pQ/ lbg'xf;] \\ M -s_ cDa/ u?' ªsf] hGd sxfF ePsf] xf] < -v_ cDa/ u'?sf] ;fªu\\ Llts ofqf slxn]bl] v ;'? ePsf] xf] < -u_ …gf} nfv tf/f pbfP===Ú afn] sf] uLt sxfF /]s8{ u/fPsf lyP < -3_ cDa/ u'?ªn] g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgdf ;ª\\uLt1sf ¿kdf slxnb] ]lv sfd ug{ yfn] < -ª_ /fi6«slj dfwj l3ld/]sf] s'g sl[ tdf cDa/ u'?ªsf] ;fª\\uLlts hfb' k|:t't ePsf] 5 < %= kf7sf cfwf/df 5f]6f] pQ/ lbg'xf];\\ M -s_ cDa/ u?' ªsf] afNosfn s;/L laTof] < -v_ cDa/ u'?ªn] s'g sg' ;ª\\3;:+ yfdf cfa4 eP/ sfo{ u/] < -u_ cDa/ u?' ªn] sg' sg' uLtdf ;ªu\\ Lt e/s] f lyP < -3_ cDa/ u'?ªn] kf| Kt u/]sf dfg;Ddfg / pkflwx¿ s] s] xg' \\ < -ª_ cDa/ u?' ªsf] hLjgLaf6 s] lzIff kfOG5 < gk] fnL, sIff ^ 49

^= kf7sf cfwf/df nfdf] pQ/ nV] g'xf];\\ M -s_ gk] fnL uLt ;ª\\uLtsf Ifq] df ;ªu\\ Ltsf/ cDa/ u'?ªn] s:tf] of]ubfg k¥' ofPsf 5g,\\ nV] gx' f;] \\ . -v_ cDa/ u?' ª gk] fnL ;ªu\\ Ltsf lqj0] fL xg' \\ . o; egfOnfO{ hLjgLsf cfwf/df k'li6 ug'{xf];\\ . &= tnsf] cgR' 5]b dfg} k7g ug'{xf;] \\ . pSt cgR' 5b] af6 dV' o dV' o kfr“ cf]6f ab“' fx¿ l6Kgx' f];\\ M uflosf tf/fbj] Lsf] hGd lj=;=+ @))@ ;fn df3 @ ut] dªu\\ naf/ ePsf] xf] . pgL s[i0faxfb'/ sfsL{ tyf /fwfb]jLsL ;'k'qL x'g\\ . pgsf] kl/jf/ sf7df8f}Fsf] OGb|rf]sdf a:Yof] . tf/fb]jLnfO{ afNosfndf 8fn] sd' f/L egL afn] fOGYof] . lj=;=+ @)@@ ;fndf tf/fbj] Ln] lzjaxfb/' >]i7;Fu k|]dljjfx ul/g\\ . lzjaxfb'/ xjfO{rfns lyP . logaf6 5f/] L rf? tyf 5f/] f zlz / /ljsf] hGd ePsf] lyof] . @)%! ;fndf pgsf] hflu/ klg 56' o\\ f] . hflu/ 56' ]s} an] fdf 5f/] f zlz eg] SofG;/ /f]usf sf/0f :ju{jf; eP . @)%% ;fndf xjfO{ b'3{6gfdf k/L lzjaxfb'/sf] dT[ o' ePsfn] tf/fb]jLnfO{ cem 7n' f] rf6] k¥of] . To;kl5 tf/fb]jLsf] hLjg cToGt} si6k0\" f{ /x\\of] . tf/fb]jL lgeLs{ / ;fx;L dlxnf lyOg\\ . pgn] ;ª\\uLtsf] ;fwgf ug{ 5fl8gg\\ . @)%^ ;fn kmfug' !# ut] pgn] ;f:+ sl[ ts sfoj{ m| ddf uLt ufOg\\ . To;kl5 pgsf] rrf{ / ;fwgfn] lg/Gt/tf kfof] . tf/fb]jLnfO{ @)%) ;fndf hubDaf>L k'/:sf/ kb| fg ul/of] . pgn] OG›/fHonIdL k|1f k'/:sf/, l5Ggntf k'/:sf/, d}gf k'/:sf/ / gO ;'/ ;Ddfg klg kfOg\\ . tf/fbj] Ln] ;'kl| ;4 k|an uf]/vf blIf0f afx' k|yd klg k|fKt ul/g\\ . o;sf cltl/St tf/fb]jLn] :jbz] tyf ljb]zaf6 cGo y'k|} kbs, k/' :sf/, ;Ddfg / clegGbgx¿ klg kfPsL lyOg\\ . 50 gk] fnL, sIff ^

*= b]zsf] gfdb' snfsf/ jf ;flxTosf/ tkfO{“sf] ljBfnodf cfpge' of] . pxf“ sg' } Pp6f hl6n /fu] n] kLl8t klg x'gx' 'G5 . ca s'g} sfo{jm| ddf tkfO“{ Ps pb\\3fi] fssf lx;fan] pxfn“ fO{ :jfut s;/L ug{'x'G5 / pxf“sf nflu ;xofu] ug{ s;/L cfx\\jfg ug'{x'G5, atfpg'xf];\\ . eflifs ;/+ rgf / j0fl{ jGof; != lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b k9g\\ 'xf];\\ / ;xL n]Vo lrxg\\ x¿ /fvL cgR' 5]b k\"/f ug{x' f;] \\ M efO ltdL slxn] cfof} clg ;x/af6 dnfO{ s] s] NofOlbof} kmnkm\"n, ld7fO{ / gl/jn t Nofof} g} xfn] f xh/' aa' f / xh/' cfdfnfO{ ub' kfs dg k5{ Tof] klg NofPs} xg' 'k5{ lrx\\g k|of;] DaGwL hfgsf/L -s_ k0\" f{lj/fd lrxg\\ M . -jfSo k|Zg gu/L ;fdfGo cj:yfdf 6ª' l\\ ubF f k|ofu] x'g]_ -v_ kZ| gjfrs lrx\\g M < -kZ| g ae' mfpg] jfSo 6ª' \\lubF f ko| fu] xg' _] -u_ cNklj/fd lrx\\g M , -p:t} lsl;dsf w]/} kb jf kbfjnL Ps} 7fpF cfpFbf 5'6\\ofpg k|of]u xg' ] -3_ pb\\uf/ lrxg\\ M Û -xif{ jf lj:do ae' mfpFbf ko| fu] x'g_] -ª_ ofh] s lrxg\\ M – -p:t} jf ljk/Lt cy{ ae' mfpg] kbx¿nfO{ hf8] g\\ tyf x/kmsf] cGTodf sg' } zAb k/' } gc6s] f] cj:yf hgfpg x/kmsf] cGTodf ko| fu] xg' cfpg]_ @= - . _ - < _ - , _ - Û _ - — _ lrxg\\ ko| fu] u/L Ps Ps jfSo agfpgx' f;] \\ . #= dn\" kf7af6 …aÚ nfus] f bzcf6] f / …jÚ nfus] f bzcf6] f zAb l6Kgx' f;] \\ . g]kfnL, sIff ^ 51

$= tnsf zAbx¿ k9\\g'xf];\\ / tflnsfsf] lgb]{zgcg';f/ ldNg] zAb nV] gx' f];\\ M af6f,] jfSs, lj1fg, laxfg, jfl/, ljbz] , ljrf/, 8/] fjfnf, abnf, yg' j' f, efj, cDaf, Hjfnf, eJo, afs;, aGr/f,] :jfb, cljgfz, sljtf, jlsn, ;DaGw, SjfnfnDk'/, zAb, ljjfx …aÚ n]v/] …aÚ g} …jÚ nv] /] …jÚ g} …jÚ nv] ]/ …aÚ afl] ng] af]lng] zAb afl] ng] zAb zAb ;g' fO / af]nfO #= ;'gfO kf7 % ;G' g'xf;] \\ / hf]8f ldnfO{ eGg'xf;] \\ M -s_ ;fn] v' D' as' f] rf/F} Lvs{ dgfª lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps lxdfn -v_ nfSkf ;fg] fd kf;fªNxfd'nfO{ /fli6o« lje\"lt 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] lbg -u_ lk;fª kf;fªNxfd'sf] hGd:yn -3_ lj= ;+ @)$* kf;fªNxfds' f klt tyf ko6{ g Joj;foL -ª_ lj= ;+= @)%( j}zfv !) kf;fªNxfd'sf] ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0fsf] bf;] |f] k6s k|of; u/]sf] jif{ @= ;'gfO kf7 % sf cfwf/df pQ/ eGg'xf;] \\ M -s_ kf;fªNxfd' z]kf{sf] hGd slxn] ePsf] xf] < -v_ kf;fªNxfd'sf dftflktfsf] gfd atfpgx' f];\\ . -u_ kf;fªNxfd'n] cf/fx] 0f u/]sf lxdfn s'g sg' xg' \\ < -3_ kf;fªNxfd'n] ;jf]{Rr lzv/ ;u/dfyfsf] ;kmn cf/f]x0f slxn] ul/g\\ < -ª_ pgnfO{ jL/ªu\\ gf gf/L lsg elgPsf] xf] < 52 g]kfnL, sIff ^

#= kf;fªNxfd' zk] f{ h:t} cGo sg' } Ps kjt{ f/fx] Lsf af/]df ;f]wvf]h u/L pgsf af/]sf sIffdf kfn}kfnf] ;'gfpg'xf;] \\ . $= sIffsf ;Dk0\" f{ ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] 5cf6] f ;dx\" agfpgx' f;] \\ . ca kT| os] ;dx\" n] uf]nf ky| fåf/f tnsf dWo] sg' } Ps JolStsf af/]df 5nkmn ug'{xf;] \\ M dflysf] 5nkmndf lgDglnlvt a“'bfx¿;u“ ;DalGwt kIf ;d6] \\gx' f;] \\ M 53 != cflb efu -s_ hGd -v_ hGd:yfg -u_ cfdfaa' fsf] gfd -3_ zl} Ifs of]Uotf @= dWo efu÷dV' o efu -s_ k];f÷s[lt÷of]ubfgsf] j|mda4 j0f{g gk] fnL, sIff ^

#= cGTo efu -s_ dT[ o' / :yfg -d[To' ePsf] xsdf dfq_ -v_ dN\" ofªs\\ g l;h{gf÷kl/ofh] gf != lbOPsf a'“bfsf cfwf/df 5f6] f] hLjgL tof/ kfgx{' f;] \\ M gfd – nIdLk|;fb bj] sf6] f, ;flxlTos pkflw dxfslj dftflktf – cd/ /fHonIdL÷ltndfwj hGd – lj=;=+ !(^^ sflQs @& nIdLkh\" fsf lbg hGd:yfg – wf]aLwf/f, sf7df8f}F kd| v' ;flxlTos sl[ t km6' s/ sljtf M …ul/aÚ, …levf/LÚ, …ofqLÚ, …k|ZgfQ] /Ú cflb 5 ;o hlt km' 6s/ sljtfx¿ dxfsfJo M zfsG' tn, ;n' fr] gf, jgs;' d' , dxf/f0ff kt| fk cflb v08sfJo M dg' fdbg, sl' ~hgL, n'gf cflb pkGof; M rDkf lgaGw M nIdL lgaGw ;ª\\u|x, bfl8dsf] ?vg/] :jR5GbtfjfbL, dfgjtfjfbL, k|sl[ tk]|dL, b]zeSt ;flxTosf/ d[To ' M SofG;/ /fu] af6 @)!^ ebf}, sf7df8fdF} f @= cfÇgf] 6fn] , ;db' fodf /xs] f bz] sf nflu dxŒjk0\" f{ ofu] bfg lbg] JolStsf af/d] f Pp6f 5f]6f] hLjgL tof/ kf/L sIffdf ;g' fpgx' f;] \\ . 54 gk] fnL, sIff ^

kf7 ^ k\"j{ k7g tnsf] lrqsf af/d] f sIffdf 5nkmn ugx'{ f;] \\ M g]kfnL, sIff ^ 55

d\"n kf7 cgGt jfUn] ^ rlDsnf cg'xf/x¿ Dffnfvs{ 3/x¿sf] dfnf h:t} lyof] . ToxL ;'Gb/ ufplF eq 9ª' \\u]5fgf ePsf b'O{ 3/x¿larsf] dn] ldnfk uhasf] lyof] . b'j} 3/sf kfsf dfG5]bl] v ;fgf gfgL;Dd klg c;fWo} ldNy] . jNnf] 3/sf] ;v' df kNnf] 3/ d:' s/' fpFYof] . kNnf] 3/df bM' v kbf{ jNnf] 3/ lbSbf/ aGYof] . b'j} 3/sf kl/jf/df jNnf] 3/sL ul/df / kNnf] 3/sL dflnsf ldNg] ;fyL x'g\\ . nfUYof] logLx¿sf] t dg, d'6' g} Pp6} 5 . p:t} pd]/, pxL sIff clg Ps} yfndf vfFb} xs' {s] f logLx¿sf ldqtf /x/ nfUbf] lyof] . Pp6Llagf csL{ Psl5g klg a:g} ;Sb}gy] . Ps lbgsf] Pp6f 36gfn] eg] tL b'O{ 3/sf] ldnfkdf xnrn Nofof] . eof] s] eg] ;a} hgf sfddf uPsf lyP . ul/df klg ufO{ r/fpg uPsL lyO{ . ufOn{ ] ;Fus} f] dflnsfsf] af/Ldf nxnxfO/xs] f xl/of / sNsnfpbF f ds}sf la?jf ;vfk kf¥of] . dflnsfsf aa' fn] af/Ldf d:t ds} vfO/xs] f] ufO{ bv] ] . uf]7fnf] nfus] L ul/dfsf] cQfk] Qf] lyPg . dflnsfsf a'af ;?' df t kzn' ] u/s] f,] h] xg' ' eOxfNof] eGg] ;f]Rb} lyP . cfwf kf6f] ds} vfO;Sbf klg wkfpg sfx] L gcfPsf] bV] bf eg] pgnfO{ emgSs l/; p7o\\ f] . pgn] sf7sf] 7p] sf] l6k/] kx| f/ u/] . 7p] sfn] ufOs{ f] k]6d} nfUof] . ufO{ /Gylgof] . Tof] afFafF s/fpbF } uf7] lt/ bu¥' of] . zAbfy{ – ljz]if lsl;dsf] cgf7} f] uha – x/} fg, lbSs lbSbf/ – ;a} ;dfKt ePsf] ;vfk 56 g]kfnL, sIff ^

;fFem ;a} hgf sfdaf6 3/ kmls{P . ul/dfsf ufO{n] ds} vfPsf] ljifodf dflnsfsf 3/df rsf{rsL{ ;'lgof] . dflnsfsL cfdf elg/xs] L lyOg,\\ æxfdf| ] klg jif{ lbg vfg] afnL xf], a;fxf kfn]kl5 /fd|/L afFWg klg t ;Sg'k¥of] lg, s]6fs]6Lsf e/df 5f8]/ x'G5 ÛÆ dflnsfsL cfdfsf] RofF6\\l7Psf] cfjfh ;fd'Gg]sf] ul/dfsf] 3/df g7fl] Ssg] s/' } ePg . uNtL cfˆga} f6 ePsfn] ul/dfsf aa' f, cfdf sx] L gafn] L al;/x] . ul/df t 8/n] y'/y/' lyOg\\ . cfdfa'af klg pgn] ufO{ /fd/| L gx]/s] f] egL emkfl//x]sf lyP . ul/dfsf] kl/jf/n] gf]S;fgcg;' f/ xhfg{ f ltg{] ljrf/ u/] . ef]lnkN6 kf] of] 36gfn] 7n' f] ¿k lng k'Uof], ha ul/dfsf] ufO{ t'lxof] . gf} dlxgfdf Aofpgk' g{] ufOn{ ] rf/ dlxgfd} af5f] h:tf] cfsl[ t / /utsf kmfN;f v;fNof] . ;'?df t ul/dfsf] kl/jf/nfO{ yfxf lyPg . kl5 dflnsfsf a'afn] cluNnf] lbg ufOn{ fO{ 7]psfn] xfgs] f] s/' f Ps hgf ufpnF ]n] atfOlbof] . of] yfxf kfPkl5 pgLx¿n] ;fx}| lrQ bv' fP . km] l/ rsfr{ sL{ eof] . xft xfnfxfn xg' eg] l5d]sLn] /fs] ] . of] 36gfkl5 ul/df / dflnsfsf cfdfaa' fx¿sf] Pscfk;df afn] rfn aGb eof] . æca Tof;] uF glx8F g\\ ' lg, ul/dfn] ubf{ of] ;a} ePsf] xf] .Æ dflnsfsL cfdfn] rt] fjgL lbOg\\ . dflnsfnfO{ g/dfOnf] nfUof] t/ cfdfsf] s/' f sf6g\\ ] lxDdt cfPg . ul/dfsL cfdfn] klg dflnsf;Fu a;p7 gug{ elgg\\ . ul/dfnfO{ cfdfsf s/' fn] emgSs l/; p7o\\ f] . cfˆg} d'6' x'lQP/ aflx/ lg:s]h:tf] eof] tk} lg pgn] hafkm kmsfO{ gg\\ . To; lbg ul/df / dflnsf bj' } uxf| F} dg, d'6' lnP/ ljBfnolt/ nfu] . ;wF} emF} xft ;dfpbF } / cªs\\ dfn ub{} xf]Og, bj' } hgf PSnfPSn} . xhfg{ f – s;s} f] wgdfn jf cGgafnL gfS] ;fg ePdf ;66\\ fk6\\6f lbOg] wg jf j:t' g]kfnL, sIff ^ 57

ul/dfn] dgel/ s'/f vn] fpFb} la:tf/} kfOnf rfln/xL, æ;fRr} dflnsfn] ca dnfO{ dfof ulbg{ t < gq lsg PSn} nDs]sL <Æ ;Nnf3f/Lsf] u/} f] sf6g\\ f;fy ul/dfn] dflnsfnfO{ bv] L . dflnsf Pp6f ;fgf] ?vsf] kmb] df a;]/ ;FS' s;S'F s u/s] L lyO{ . p;sf] dG' 6f] lgx'l/Psf] lyof] / cfFvf pbf; lyP . ul/df klg eSsflgO{ . p;n] uDnª\\ª dflnsfnfO{ cFufnf] xfnL . b'j} hgf sx] L af]Ng ;sg] g\\ . a? b'j} ;'S;'sfpg yfn] . bj' } hgfsf cfFvf /;fP / ltgsf r]kaf6 la:tf/} cf;F n' ] af6f] lnof] . sx] L a/] ;Dd bj' } Pscsfs{ f] cFufnfdf sl:;O/x] . æcfdfaa' fx¿ h;] s' } u?g\\ . ufO{nfO{ l7s eOxfN5 lg . xfdL t p:t} x'g'k5{ x} ÛÆ, dflnsfn] dw'/f] cfjfhdf egL, æd]/f] a'afn] ufOn{ fO{ gfS] ;fg} kfg{ t vfH] g'ePsf] xfO] g /] . wkfpFbf nfUg kU' of] eg/] b'Mv dfGb} xg' x' G' Yof] . km]l/ hfgfhfg ltdLx¿n] klg ufO{ af/Ldf nufPsf xfO] gf} . laTyfdf g/fdf| ] eof] .Æ æd klg ltdLnfO{ oxL eGg vfH] by} ÆF] ul/df klg ;DxflF nb} afn] L, æd ltdLnfO{ p:t} dfof u5'{, cem a9L dfof u5'{ . h] h] eof,] ;lsof] .Æ clg bj' } hgf ;w}F emF} xft ;dft]/ ljBfnolt/ nfu] . ul/df / dflnsfsf] ldNtL p:t} eP klg b'j}sf cfdfa'afx¿sf] eg] Pscfk;df af]nrfn aGb lyof] . P]Frfk] }Frf] rNg 5f8]sf] lyof] . ld7fr] fv] f] kfSbf klxn] em}F Psn] csf{nfO{ ;Demg / Ps 3/af6 csf]d{ f nlulbg klg 5f8]sf lyP . ul/df / dflnsf bj' } hgfnfO{ cfdfaa' fx¿sf] tl/sf dg k/s] f] lyPg . æemg\\ 7'nf dfG5]x¿sf] dg rflxF slQ ;fgf] ÛÆ, pgLx¿ eGy] . pgLx¿ rfxGy] Pr]“ f]kr“} f] – ;/;fk6L ?lkof“ k;} f jf ;/;fdfg ;fk6 lbg] / lng] sfd 58 g]kfnL, sIff ^

cfdfaa' fx¿sf] afn] rfn xf;] \\ . ldNtL xf;] \\ . klxn] h:t} ;DaGw ;d' w/' xf;] \\ . 306f, lbg / ;ftf xFb' } s]xL dlxgf lat] . ul/df / dflnsfsf cfdfaa' fx¿ klg Pscfk;sf] ldnd] tf] 66' ]sfdf g/dfOnf] dfGg yfn] . æs6] fs6] Ln] x/] s] f kz'n] u/s] f] la/fddf klg d slQ cfjz] df cfP5' x} To; lbg ÛÆ Ps lbg cfdf;uF aa' f k5'tfO/xg'ePsf] dflnsfn] ;'lgg,\\ æul/dfsf cfdfaa' f g/fd|f dfG5] t xf]Ogg\\ . s]xL lrh k}Frf] nu] eg] slQ xQfl/P/ ltg{ NofOxfNy] . lbP/ la;{g] t/ lnP/ slxNo} gla;g{ ] afgLsf o:tf dfG5] sxfF kfpg' ÛÆ cfdfn] klg ul/dfsf kl/jf/sf] emg} k|z;+ f ul/g\\, æxfdL| dflnsf s'g, pgLx¿sL ul/df s'g Û pgLx¿ dflnsfnfO{ klg t cfˆg} 5f]/L h:tf] uy]{ .Æ aA' ffcfdfsf] s/' fn] dflnsfsf] dgdf 7n' f] v';L ;Nanfof] . ul/dfsf a'afn] klg t vt] df ;a} v]tfnfsf] cl3lNt/} eg]y], æcflv/ xfdL bj' } ul/vfg] kl/jf/ xf}F . ;Fu} ePkl5 slxns] fxLF o:tf] x'g' 7n' f] s/' f xf]Og . ltnnfO{ kxf8 agfpg]x¿n] h];'s} eg'g\\ t/ xfdL pgLx¿sf] g/fd|f] ;fR] g} ;Sb}gf}F .Æ ToxL a]nf ul/dfsL cfdfn] klg yks] L lyOg\\, æsl[ ifdf sx] L gofF af]6lap cfof] ls pgn} ] xfdLnfO{ lg NofOlbGy] . laTyfdf ;fgf] lgxn'F ] g/fd|f] dfq} eof] Û xfdf| ] ufO{ km] l/ Aofpg] eOxfNof] .Æ Tolt an] f l;/fg3/]sf v]tdf e]nf ePsf ;a} vt] fnfn] klg …xfdL cfcfˆgf] ul/vfgx] ¿ g} o;/L km6' \\of}F eg] t s;/L pFef] nfUnf of] ufpÚF eGb} lvGg dg kf/s] f lyP . To;} lbgsf] vfhf vfg] a]nf 5fksf s'nfgGb sfsfn] egs] f s/' f eg] la/fd – s;'/, en' r's, sfddf afwf 59 g]kfnL, sIff ^

cem} 3t nfUbf] lyof] . of] ;Dembf ul/df clxn] klg bª\\u kl5g{ \\ . sfsf sn' fgGbn] egs] f lyP, æoL 7n' f egfpbF f afpafp / cfdfcfdf gafn] s] f t xg' \\ lg . Hofgn] 7'nf, lrQn] ;fgf . ltgsf 5f/] Lx¿af6 kf] l;Sg' 5 t xfdLn] . x/] x/] ltgsf] ldNtL . olt ljlw ldn/] sfd u5{g\\ tL . Pp6LnfO{ xfR5o\\ F' cfP klg csL{;Fu ;f]w]/ dfq u5g{ \\ h:tf] 5 . ;DaGw egs] f] t o:tf] kf] afa} .Æ sfsf s'nfgGbn] yks] f lyP, æPs} 7fpF ePkl5 slxns] fxLF efF8f klg aH5, o:t} xf], cflv/ 5f/] Lx¿nfO{ x/] ]/ klg logLx¿ gldnL ;'Vv} 5g} .Æ æcfh t hlt;'s} ca]/ xf];\\ . ;a} sfo{j|md g;lsP;Dd ghfg] x} ul/df ÛÆ, ljBfnodf k':ts d]nfsf] lbg dflnsfn] egL . xg' klg To; lbg ljBfnodf lgs} /dfOnf] lyof] . sljtf, xflh/Lhjfkm, syfjfrg, lgaGw nv] g clg k:' ts kb| zg{ L . y/Ly/Lsf lstfa xb] {,} 5fGb} / k9b\\ } ;a} hgf /dfO/xs] f lyP . ;fFem ca]/;Dd klg 5f/] Lx¿ gkms{]kl5 3/lt/ eg] ;f]wLvf]hL xg' yfNof] . ælrtj' fsf] laulauL 5 ufpFdf, hfg';\\ lngÆ, ul/dfsL cfdfsf] af]nL e'OF{df s] v;]Yof,] pgsf aa' f ul/dfnfO{ lng egL lx8F ] . ;Nnf3f/Lsf] ulx/fdf dflnsfsf aa' f klg ljBfnolt/} uO/xs] f e]l6P . b'j} hgf gaf]nL gafn] L cl3 al9/x] . cln k/ k'u]kl5 xft ;dft]/ xf;F LxfF;L kmls{/xs] f ul/df / dflnsfnfO{ pgLx¿n] b]v] . 5f]/Lx¿sf xFl;nf d'xf/ b]lv/x]sf a'afx¿sf cfFvf Pscfk;df hW' g ku' ] . clg cgfof; bj' } d';'Ss xf;F ] . æxfdL dfq t gaf]n]sf /x]5fF} lg, 5f]/Lx¿ t plQs} 5g\\ .Æ ul/dfsf aa' fn] nhfpFb} dv' kmf]/,] ætn] kfgL Ps}, lkgf aflx/ eg]sf] oxL t xf] lg ÛÆ slxn] afN] g kfOPnf h:tf] u/L plePsf dflnsfsf a'afn] klg elgxfn,] cgfof; – crfgs, PsfPs 60 gk] fnL, sIff ^

æs]6fs6] L eg]sf ;fRr} lgbfi]{ f x'Fbf /x5] g\\ . ss] f] Ov, s]sf] l/; . laTyfdf xfdL dfq=== ÛÆ aa' fx¿sf] afn] rfn ePsf] v';Ldf ul/df / dflnsfnfO{ v'66\\ f e'OFd{+ f 5g\\ ls 5g} g\\ h:tf] eO/x]Yof] . rf/} hgf s'/fsfgL ub}{ 3/lt/ nfu] . 3/glhss} f] lkknsf] kmb] df 5f/] Lx¿ / 5f/] Lx¿nfO{ lng uPsf aa' fx¿nfO{ x]b}{ ul/df / dflnsfsf cfdfx¿ klv{/x]sf lyP . ToxfF klg s:tf] eP5 eg] ul/dfsL cfdf o;f] lkknrf}tf/Ldf lg:s]/ s] lrxfpbF } lyOg,\\ dflnsfsL cfdf klg ToxLF cfOkl' u5g\\ . b'jn} fO{ c;lhnf] c;lhnf] nfu5] . ul/dfsL cfdf lkknsf] kmb] df bfoflF t/ al;5g\\ . dflnsfsL cfdf afoflF t/ . clna]/df xFl;nf] cg'xf/sf 5f]/Lx¿ cl3 nufP/ d':s'/fpFb} a'afx¿ lkknrft} f/Ldf bv] f k/] . 5f/] Lx¿ t ldNy] g} . a'afx¿sf] klg af]nrfn ePsf] cfdfx¿n] rfn kfP . æP Û xfdL dfq lsg gaf]nL gaf]nL leqleq} hln/xg] dflnsfsL cfdf <Æ ul/dfsL cfdfn] elgg\\, æd]/f] k]6df t g/fd|f] sx] L 5g} x} ca ÛÆ ædnfO{ klg t slxn] afn] F\" eO/xs] f] lyof] lg lbbL ÛÆ, dflnsfsL cfdfn] elgg,\\ æcfjz] df h'g a]nf h] eof,] ;lsof] . ;wF}nfO{ Ov lnP/ lsg x'GYof] .Æ b'j} cfdfx¿sf] cg'xf/df cgf}7f] d':sfg b]lvof] . a'afx¿ t emg\\ v;' L 5bF } lyP . clg ul/df / dflnsfsf] ldNtL t ;w}F p:t} g} lyof] . olt an] f eg] ltgsf cgx' f/df ljzi] f Hofl] t hudufO/xs] f] lyof] . hg' n] L /ftdf rlDs/x]sf 5 hgfsf] cg'xf/ la:tf/} ltg} 9'ª\\u] 5fgfsf b'O{ 3/lt/ afFl8P . lkknsf kftx¿af6 v';Lsf] Ps emf]Ssf dw'/ xfjf ;':t/L dfnfvs{lt/ nfUof] . cfj]z – c;fdfGo dg, emf]“s hudufO – hudu ug]{ efj, lj|mof jf k|lj|mof gk] fnL, sIff ^ 61

zAbe08f/ != lbOPsf kbfjnL / cy{lar hf]8f ldnfpg'xf;] \\ M xft xfnfxfn ug'{ cfFvfaf6 cfF;' cfpg' rt] fjgL lbg ' 7'nf] a/afbL x'g' cfvF f /;fpg ' s'6fs'6 ug'{ leqleq} hNg' /ftfl] k/f] xg' ' ;Tofgfz xg' ' leqleq} lklN;g' ;rt] u/fpg' @= lbOPsf zAbsf] cy{ k9]/ jfSodf k|of]u ugx{' f];\\ M -s_ hflt M hft ljzi] f -ª_ vfnL M l/Qf] hftL M c;n vfln M dfq -v_ cflb M OToflb -r_ lbg M lbjf cfbL M afgL k/]sf] bLg M bM' vL -u_ b/ M efp -5_ hg' M ;j{gfd b/ M lthsf] cluNnf] hg\" M rGbd| f lbg vfg] ljzi] f vfgf -3_ k6l\\ 6 M tkm { -h_ bl] v M af6 k6\\6L M 3fp xF'bf aflF wg] sk8f bv] L M bV] g] sfd #= sf]i7saf6 ldNbf zAb 5fgL vfnL 7fp“ egx'{ f];\\ M -s_ d t ljBfnoÒÒÒÒ nfuF] . -lt/÷tL/_ gk] fnL, sIff ^ -v_ ltdL kj\" { ÒÒÒÒ hfpm . -lb;f÷lbzf_ 62

-u_ dflg;sf kT| o]s ÒÒÒÒdf /ut aU5 . -gzf÷g;f_ -3_ d}n] cfsfzdf ÒÒÒÒ bv] F] . -hg' ÷hg\" _ -ª_ pgLx¿ k5fl8ÒÒÒÒ v]Ng uP . -k6\\l6÷k66\\ L_ $= p:t} ;'lgg] zAb nv] L jfSodf k|of]u ugx{' f;] \\ M cfz', zLt, km' n, ltg, k\"/f af]w / cleJolSt != …rlDsnf cgx' f/x¿Ú syf ;:j/jfrg ug{'xf];\\ . @= lbOPsf zAb z'4 pRrf/0f ugx'{ f];\\ M sNsnfpbF f, xhfg{ f, ef8F f, cfjz] , rft} f/L, xfR5o\\ ,F' xfnfxfn, laTyfdf, ;Tofgfz, uDnªª\\ , cªs\\ dfn, ul' Ghof,] 5R' rL, cuF fnf,] ;Nnf3f/L, cf;F ' #= kf7sf] klxnf] cgR' 5b] k9L lbOPsf kZ| gsf] Ps jfSodf pQ/ lbgx' f;] \\ M -s_ dfnfvs{ ufpF s:tf] lyof] < -v_ To; ufpdF f 3/sf 5fgf s]n] 5fPsf lyP < -u_ Tof] ufpFsf] d]nldnfk s:tf] lyof] < -3_ jNnf]kNnf] 3/ s] sf/0f lbSbf/ dfGy] < -ª_ dflnsf / ul/dflarsf] d]n s:tf] lyof] < $= kf7 k9L syfdf ePsf k?' if / dlxnf kfqsf af/d] f Ps Ps jfSo n]Vgx' f;] \\ . %= kf7sf] clGtd cgR' 5]b k9L bO' {cf6] f k|Zg agfpgx' f];\\ . tL kZ| g ;fyLnfO{ ;f]Wg'xf;] \\ . ;fyLn] ;f]w]sf kZ| gsf] tkfO{“ klg pQ/ lbg'xf;] \\ . g]kfnL, sIff ^ 63

^= kf7sf cfwf/df 5f6] f] pQ/ nV] g'xf];\\ M -s_ ul/df / dflnsfsf kl/jf/lar lsg emu8f eof] < -v_ ul/df / dflnsf PSnfPSn} ljBfno hfgs' f] dV' o sf/0f s] xf] < -u_ dflnsfsf cfdfaa' fn] lsg k5t' f] dfgs] f xfn] fg\\ < -3_ sn' fgGbn] ul/df / dflnsfsf cfdfaa' fnfO{ s:tf] ctL{ lbP < -ª_ æs6] fs6] L eg]sf ;fFRr} lgbf]{if xFb' f /x]5g\\ .Æ o; egfOnfO{ kl' i6 ugx'{ f];\\ . -r_ ul/df / dflnsfsf ljBfnodf ePsf sfo{j|mdsf] ;\"rL agfpgx' f;] \\ . -5_ o; syfsf] zLif{s …rlDsnf cgx' f/x¿Ú /fVg' slQsf] ;fGble{s 5< &= efj lj:tf/ ugx'{ f;] \\ M -s_ Ps} 7fpF ePkl5 slxn]sfxLF efF8f klg aH5g\\ . -v_ ltnnfO{ kxf8 agfpg]x¿n] h;] s' } eg'g\\ t/ xfdL pgLx¿sf] slxNo} g/fdf| ] ;f]Rg} ;Sb}gfF} . *= ul/df / dflnsfsf kl/jf/df ePsf] emu8f s;/L cGTo eof,] kf7sf cfwf/df n]Vg'xf;] \\ . (= ul/df / dflnsfsf] ldnfk gePsf] eP pgLx¿sf cfdfa'afsf] emu8f cGTo xG' Yof] ls x“b' g} Yof] xfn] f, kf7 k9L tfls{s pQ/ lbgx' f];\\ . !)= tkfO{“sf] 6fn] l5ds] df ljleGg hfthflt, efiffefifL / wd;{ +:sl[ tsf dflg; a:5g\\ . ltgLx¿lar s;/L ;fdflhs ;b\\efj a9fpg ;lsG5, nV] gx' f;] \\ . 64 gk] fnL, sIff ^

eflifs ;/+ rgf / j0fl{ jGof; != pbfx/0f x/] L tnsf wft'af6 ljm| ofkb agfpgx' f];\\ M k9\\ M k9\\5, k9\\5', k9\\5f,F} k95\\ g,\\ k9\\g'x'G5 vf M ====== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= hf M ====== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= x]/\\ M ====== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= eg\\ M ====== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= @= tnsf lj|mofkbaf6 wft' 56' \\ofP/ nV] g'xf;] \\ M vfof,] hfG5, eG5, lbP, k95\\ , afN] 5, x5] ,{ sb' 5\\ , ;T' 5, p75\\ , uof] #= tnsf wft'af6 ljm| ofkb agfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] ugx'{ f;] \\ M af]n,\\ ;g' \\, x]/,\\ lht\\, xf/,\\ 3'd\\ $= lbOPsf zAb k9\\g'xf;] \\ / ltgLx¿sf] k|ofu] yfxf kfpg'xf;] \\ M …oÚ ko| f]u ePsf zAb of,] oL, logL, o;n], olt, oxfF, o;/L, o:tf], oxL, o1, lyof,] cfof,] sfo{, ho, k]o, ;fG} bo,{ dN\" o, /fli6«o, k/fho, oGq …PÚ ko| f]u ePsf zAb Ps, Pp6f, PSsfO;, PSnf,] lyP,F vfPF, uP, lnP, lbP, eP, Pjd,\\ P/f]Kn]g, PDan' ]G;, cfP/, lkP/, uP/, ePsf,] kfPsf,] cfPsf], cfPF %= cg'R5b] k9\\gx' f];\\ / …oÚ, …PÚ ko| fu] ePsf zAb l6Kgx' f];\\ M ejfgL leIf'sf] hGd !(&! ;fn h7] @! ut] ePsf] lyof] . pgL OG›k;| fb uK' tf / ozfb] f snjf/sf dfOnf 5f/] f lyP . ejfgL leIfs' f] /fdf| ] n]vgbf;sf ¿kdf tfl} nxjfdf gfd rns] f] lyof] . pgnfO{ n]vgbf;sf] sfdn] ;Gt'li6 lbPg . pgL sf7df8f}F cfP . sf7df8f}F cfP/ ejfgL leIf'n] l;l4r/0f >]i7nfO{ e]6] . g]kfnL ;flxTosf lzv/k'?if l;l4r/0fnfO{ ejfgL leIf'sf] g]kfnL, sIff ^ 65

g]kfnL efiffk|ltsf] cgGok]|d, cf:yf / nugzLntfn] ke| fljt kf¥of] . l;l4r/0f >]i7n] ejfgL leIf'sf] pT;fxn] el/Psf] gk] fnL efiff ;flxTokl| tsf] ofu] bfgnfO{ sb/ u/] . ejfgL leIfn' fO{ hf]/u0f]z k];| df k¥' ofOlbP . ToxfF ku' ]/ ejfgL leIf'n] cfˆgf] /rgf …zf/bfÚ klqsfdf lbP . !((# ;fndf pgsf] klxnf] ;dfnf]rgf g]kfnL efiffdf 5flkPsf] lyof] . kl5 uP/ ejfgL leIf' zf/bf klqsfs} ;Dkfbs eP . ;'gfO / af]nfO != ;'gfO kf7 ^ sf cfwf/df vfnL 7fp“ e/L eGg'xf;] \\ M -s_ s'g} 7fpFdf Pp6f ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ufpF lyof] . -v_ ufpnF x] ¿ To; 7fpFaf6 ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;/f;] \\ eGg] rfxGy] . -u_ Psl} 5gkl5 kmlg{r/ sf/vfgfsf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒ klg cfof] . -3_ c;n l5ds] Lx¿ ud' fpFbf ÒÒÒÒÒÒ s'/f atfP . -ª_ 3g 7fs] s] f] / sf7 lr/s] f] ÒÒÒÒÒÒ eg] cfO/xo\\ f] . @= ;'gfO kf7 ^ ;'g]/ kfqsf gfd eGgx' f;] \\ M -s_ cfjfh;Fu x/} fg ePsf kfq -v_ sf/vfgf ;~rfng ug{] kfq -u_ ;a}eGbf klxnf sf/vfgf ;fb{} 5' eGg] kfq -3_ Psl} 5gkl5 uP/ sf/vfgf ;fb}{ 5' eGg] kfq #= ;'gfO kf7 ^ ;'g/] pQ/ eGgx' f];\\ M -s_ lun| sf/vfgf sxfF lyof] < -v_ ufpFns] f] rfxgf s] lyof] < -u_ sf/vfgf ;~rfnsx¿n] ufpnF n] fO{ s:tf] lg0fo{ ;g' fP < 66 gk] fnL, sIff ^

-3_ ufpFn] lsg v';L ePsf xf]nfg\\ < -ª_ dfgj a:tLdf pBf]uwGbf ;~rfng ug'{ l7s x'G5 ls xFb' }g, cfkmg\\ f] ljrf/ k|:tt' ug{'xf];\\ . $= tkfO“s{ f] 6fn] ;dfhdf ePsf] s'g} Ps ;d:of sIffdf ;g' fpg'xf;] \\ / ;fyLaf6 pSt ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] ;e' mfj lng'xf];\\ . l;h{gf÷kl/of]hgf != tn lbOPsf lrq x/] L Pp6f syf /rgf ugx'{ f];\\ M @= ;dx\" df a;L kT| os] n] cfkm\" nfO{ dg kg{] syf ;g' fpgx' f;] \\ . ;dx\" df ;g' fPsf] ;ae} Gbf /fd|f] syf s;sf] /x\\of] < ;dx\" n] g} 5nkmn ug{'xf];\\ . ;dx\" df pTs[i6 7xl/Psf] syf sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\\ . g]kfnL, sIff ^ 67

kf7 & k\"j{ k7g tnsf lrqx¿ x]g{x' f;] \\ . oL ljBfnodf xg' ] ;x tyf cltl/St ljm| ofsnfksf lrq xg' \\ . s] tkfO{“sf] ljBfnodf tnsf ;a} ultljlwx¿ xG' 5g\\ < oLdWo] tkfOn“{ fO{ ;a}eGbf dg kg]{ lj|mofsnfk sg' xf], atfpg'xf;] \\ M dflysf] lrqdf gePsf t/ tkfO{“sf] ljBfnodf xg' ] cGo ;x tyf cltl/St ljm| ofsnfkx¿ s] s] xg' \\, atfpgx' f];\\ . 68 gk] fnL, sIff ^

dn\" kf7 & ;DklQeGbf :jf:Yo 7'nf] ;DklQeGbf :jf:Yo 7'nf] ljBfnosf] ;efsIf ljBfyL{ / lzIfsn] vrfvr el/Psf] 5 . ljBfnosf] lgoldt cltl/St lj|mofsnfkcGtu{t jfbljjfb k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng xg' nflu/x]sf] 5 . pSt sfo{j|md ;~rfns -pb3\\ fi] fs_ ^ sIffsL 5fqf nlntfsd' f/L emf xg' x' G' 5 . >4o] u?' ju{ tyf ;Dk\"0f{ ljBfyL{ ;fyLx¿ Û cfhsf] o; jfbljjfb sfo{j|mdsf] ;~rfns d nlntfs'df/L emfsf] gd:sf/ . xfd|f] ljBfnodf x/]s xKtf cfof]hgf x'g] cltl/St ljm| ofsnfkcGtut{ cfh jfbljjfb sfoj{ m| dsf] kfnf] /xs] f] 5 . cfhsf] jfbljjfb kl| tofl] utfsf] zLif{s /x]sf] 5, …;DklQeGbf :jf:Yo 7n' f]Ú . d cfhsf] o; sfoj{ |mdsf] ;efWoIfsf] cf;g u|x0f ul/lbgx' 'g ljBfnosL kw| fgfWofks >L ddtf kf7snfO{ ;ljgo cg'/fw] ub{5' . o; kl| tofl] utfsf] lg0ff{ossf] zAbfy{ 69 ;ljgo – gd| ag/] g]kfnL, sIff ^

el\" dsfdf /lxlbgsf nflu u'?x¿ rGb|f gsdL,{ cfOtdfg d';x/ / sdn clwsf/LnfO{ cg'/fw] ub{5' . o;} u/L ;dokfnssf ¿kdf ^ sIffsL 5fqf ?s' rf}w/LnfO{ cg/' fw] ub5{ ' . ca d jfbljjfb kl| tofl] utfsf lgodx¿ atfp5F ' . ;xefuL] k|ltofu] Ln] oL lgodsf] k0\" f{ kfngf ug'{kg]{ 5 M != s'g} l6kf]6 jf sfuh x]//] af]Ng kfOg] 5g} . @= sg' } JolSt, hflt, efiff, wd,{ ;:+ sl[ tkl| t cf/fk] nufpg kfOg] 5g} . #= jStfnfO{ afN] gsf nflu kfrF ldg]6sf] ;do lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . k|To]s rf/ ldg6] df hgfp 3G6L nfUg] 5 . kfrF ldg6] eGbf a9L afn] s] f s'/f dfGo x'g] 5}g . $= ljkIfsf egfOnfO{ v08g jf c;xdlt k|s6 ubf{ lzi6 / dof{lbt ¿kdf ug{'kg]{ 5 . %= lg0ffo{ s d08nsf] lg0fo{ g} clGtd x'g] 5 . ca d kIfsf tkm{af6 cfˆgf ljrf/ /fVg ^ sIffsL 5fqf s?0ff u'?ªnfO{ lgDTofpF5' . s?0ff u'?ª >Ldfg\\ ;efWoIf, lg0ff{os d08n, u'?hg / ;Dk0\" f{ ;fyLx¿ Û xflb{s clejfbg Û …;DklQeGbf :jf:Yo 7n' fÚ] eGg] zLifs{ /xs] f] cfhsf] jfbljjfb kl| tofl] utfdf d kIfaf6 cfˆgf ljrf/x¿ /fVb} 5' . dflg;x¿ ;DklQ eP ;a} yf]s kf| Kt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ;fR] 5g\\ . pgLx¿ ;DklQn] 3/, hUuf, uf8L, hxfh, nQfsk8f, u/uxgf cflb lsGg ;lsG5 To:tf j:t'x¿n] v';L lbG5 eGg] 7fG5g\\ . To;}n] dflg;x¿ k;} fs} kl5 bf}l8G5g\\ . cfkm\" ;Fu :j:y z/L/ 5g} eg] ;f/f j}ejsf] s] dofl{ bt – ;o+ ldt j}ej – wg;DklQ 70 g]kfnL, sIff ^

sfd < jf:tjdf :j:y z/L/ hLjgsf] ;ae} Gbf 7'nf] cfzLjfb{ xf] . :j:y dfG5n] ] dfq hLjgsf] jf:tljs v;' L k|fKt ug{ ;S5 . cfk\"mn] rfxs] f] sfd ug{ ;S5 . p;n] cfkm\" n] rfxs] f] s/' f vfg ;S5 / cfkm\" n] rfxs] f] 7fpdF f hfg ;S5 . o;/L cfk\"mn] rfx]sf s'/fx¿ ug{ ;Sg] dfG5] dfq hLjgdf ;wF} v';L /xG5 . cfk\"m;uF kz| :t wgbfn} t eP klg cfk\"mn] rfx]sf s/' f ug{ g;Sg] /f]uu:| t dflg;x¿ s;/L v';L / ;Gti' 6 /xg ;Snfg\\ < pgLx¿nfO{ t d sb} L h:tf] bV] 5,' h;sf] hLjgdf :jtGqtf gfdsf] sg' } j:t' 5g} . pgLx¿sf] hLjgdf v;' L gfdsf] If0f x'Fb}g . >Ldfg\\ ;efWoIf :jf:Yo eg]sf] lg/f]uL cj:yf xf], tGb'?:tL xf]Ù dfgl;s pb\\j]u / lrGtf/lxt cj:yf xf] . dflg;n] hDdf ug]{ ;DklQ t s]jn ;fwg dfq xf] . ;fWo t :jf:Yo g} xf] . xfdL ;DklQ¿kL ;fwgsf] pkofu] u//] vfBfGg lsG5fF} . xfdL hf8f]udL{ 5Ng ntfsk8f lsG5f}F . xfdL :jf:Yos} ;/' Iffsf nflu 3/dxn agfp5F fF} . sg' } sf/0fjz :jf:Yodf u8a9L cfof] eg] /fu] d'St xg' xfdL;uF ePsf] ;a} ;DklQ vr{ u5f{}F . sg' } klg ljj]szLn dfG5n] ] :jf:Yo lauf//] , cªu\\ eªu\\ eP/ ;DklQ hDdf ugd{' f p;sf] s'g} lxt x'Fb}g . dfG5n] ] hDdf u/s] f] ;f/f ;DklQ p;sf] :jf:Yos} nflu xf] . p;sf] zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s tGb'?:tLsf nflu xf] . hgfp 3G6L aH5 . ;efWoIf dxf]bo, dfG5];Fu k|z:t ;DklQ eP klg pm :j:y g} /xg] eg] To:tf] ;DklQsf] sg' } cy{ xFb' }g . Tolt dfq xf]Og, dfG5] zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s ¿kn] /f]uL 5 eg] cfk\"m;Fu hlt;'s} wgbfn} t eP klg pm v';L xg' ;Sb}g . pm ;Gti' 6 pb\\ju] – tLj| ju] jf ult 71 ljj]szLn – ljj]s ePsf] g]kfnL, sIff ^

x'g ;Sb}g . vf;df :jf:Yo egs] f] hLjg xf] . hLjg g} 5}g eg] ;DklQsf] sg' } sfd xbF' g} . To;}n] ;DklQeGbf :jf:Yo 7n' f] xG' 5 eGb} d cfˆgf] egfO cGTo ub5{ ' . wGojfb Û sfoj{ |md ;~rfns cfhsf] jfbljjfbdf kIfaf6 cfˆgf ts{ /fVg] s?0ff u?' ªnfO{ wGojfb . ca d ljkIfsf tkma{ f6 cfˆgf ljrf/ /fVgx' g' ^ sIffsf 5fq ljsNk clwsf/LnfO{ lgDTofp5F ' . ljsNk clwsf/L >4o] ;efWoIf Û lg0ffo{ ssf] uxg lhDdj] f/Ldf /xgx' g' ] u?' u?' cfdf tyf o; ;efdf pkl:yt cfb/0fLo u?' hg / d]/f Kof/f ;fyLx¿df clejfbg Û cfhsf] of] …;DklQeGbf :jf:Yo 7n' fÚ] eGg] zLifs{ sf] jfbljjfb kl| tof]lutfdf d ljkIfsf tkma{ f6 cfˆgf tsx{ ¿ k|:t't ug{] cg'dlt rfxG5' . cfb/0fLo dxfg'efjx¿ Û k\"jj{ Stf ;fyLn] ;DklQnfO{ >fk / :jf:YonfO{ cfzLjfb{ sf ¿kdf rrf{ ub}{ cfˆgf] dGtJo /fVge' of] . d pxfFnfO{ k|Zg u5,'{ lsg dflg;x¿ hflu/ vfG5g\\ < lsg pBfu] vf]N5g\\ < lsg Jofkf/ Joj;fo u5g{ \\ < s] oL ;a sd{x¿ :jf:Yosf nflu xg' \\ < lgZro g} xf]Ogg\\ . oL hLljsf rnfpgsf nflu x'g\\ . wg sdfpgsf nflu x'g\\ . ;DklQ hDdf ugs{ f nflu x'g\\ . :jf:Yosf nflu t 3/df Jofofd u//] a;] eOxfNYof] lg Û lsg 6G6nfk'/ 3fddf dfG5] kf]lnG5g\\ < lsg vt/gfs ;'?ªleq dfG5] k;]/ sfddf hfl] tG5g\\ < lsg csfs{ f] cwLgdf a;/] lbg/ft vl6G5g\\ < lsg ;ae} Gbf Kof/f kl/jf/hgnfO{ 5f8] /] k/bl] ;G5g\\ < oL ;a} sdx{ ¿ dfG5n] ] ;DklQ sdfpgnfO{ ug{] xfO] g < k;} f sdfpg ug{] xfO] g < vf;df cfhsf] jo:s dfG5n] ] ug{] clwsfz+ Jofofd – s;/t jo:s – pd]/ ku' s] f], aflnu 72 gk] fnL, sIff ^

ljm| ofsnfk wg cfhg{ sf nflu ul//x]sf x'G5g\\ . o;af6 klg :jf:Yosf tn' gfdf wgsf] dxŒj slt 7'nf] 5 eGg] s/' f 3fd h:t} 5nª{ u\\ 5 . cfb/0fLo u?' ju{ tyf ;fyLx¿ Û ;DklQdf ;as} f] xfOxfO eGg] egfO To;} ag]sf] xf]Og . ;DklQ ePdf ;a}n] ;Ddfg lbG5g\\ . ;DklQ eP cfkm\" n] rfx]sf] ;a} s/' f k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . hxf;F Dd v;' Lsf] s/' f 5, Tof] t ;DklQsf] and} cl8Psf] 5 eg] klg xG' 5 . ;DklQ eP cfkm\" nfO{ dg nfus] f] s'/f lsg]/ vfg ;lsG5 . cfk\"mn] rfxs] f] 7fpdF f hfg, 3d' lkm/ ug{ ;lsG5 . cfkm\" nfO{ dg kg]{ n'uf lsg]/ nufpg ;lsG5 . cfjZos k/s] f an] fdf s'g} JolSt, ;dfh / bz] nfO{ ;xofu] ug{ ;lsG5 . bfgbftJo ug{ ;lsG5 . k|fsl[ ts jf cGo ljklQsf a]nf s] tkfOnF{ ] slxNo} sg' } :j:y, x6\\6fs66\\ f dfG5]n] olt ;xofu] u¥of] eg]sf] ;G' ge' Psf] 5, cjZo 5g} . o:tf] ;xofu] h;;Fu ;DklQ xG' 5, p;n} ] dfq ug{ ;S5 . c¿nfO{ ;ªs\\ 6 k/s] f a]nfdf ;DklQ gePsfx¿n] ug{ ;Sg] s'/f s]jn ;xfg'e\"ltsf zAbx¿ dfq a;f{pg] xf] . :j:y z/L/af6 lg:ss] f ;xfge' l\" tsf zAbx¿n] efs] n] t8l\\ k/xs] f dfG5x] ¿sf] k6] eg{ ;Sb}g . o:tf] a]nfdf pgLx¿nfO{ ef}lts ;xof]usf] vfrF f] xG' 5 . cflys{ ;xofu] sf] vfrF f] xG' 5 / To:tf] ;xofu] cfkm\" ;uF ;DklQ ePsfx¿n] dfq ug{ ;S5g\\ . cefjn] 56k\\ 6fO/xs] f dfG5x] ¿nfO{ cflys{ ;xofu] ubf{ kfOg] ;Gtl' i6 cnf}lss xG' 5 . o;/L cfk\"m;Fu ePsf] ;DklQsf sf/0fn] cfk\"mn] rfx]sf ;a} yfs] ug{ kfPkl5 dfG5] v';L geP/ s] ?bF } lx8F \\5 t < hgfp 3G6L aH5 . dflg; :j:y /x]dfq hLjg pmhf{zLn aG5 . :jf:Yon] JolStsf] sfo{tTk/tf jl[ 4 u5{ / hLjg ;fy{s agfpg ;S5 . To;}n] d :jf:yeGbf ;DklQ 7'nf] x'G5 eGb} cfˆgf egfO oxLF cGTo ub{5' . wGojfb Û gk] fnL, sIff ^ 73

sfoj{ |md ;~rfns ljsNk clwsf/LnfO{ cfsif{s k|:t'ltsf nflu wGojfb Û ca d km]l/ kIfaf6 cfˆgf ts{ /fVg ^ sIffsf 5fq d':tkmf cfndnfO{ lgDTofpF5' . d':tkmf cfnd >Ldfg\\ ;efWoIf, lg0ffo{ s d08n, u'?ju{ / ;Dk0\" f{ ljBfyL{ ;fyLx¿df xflb{s gd:sf/ Û cfhsf] ;DklQeGbf :jf:Yo 7n' f] zLifs{ sf] jfbljjfb kl| tofl] utfdf d ljifosf] kIfaf6 afN] b} 5' . dxfslj nIdLk;| fb b]jsf6] fn] wgnfO{ xftsf] d}nf eg]sf 5g\\ . o;n] klg ;DklQ dxŒjk\"0f{ s'/f xf]Og eGg] s'/f k:| 6 xG' 5 . Tolt dfq xfO] g, ;DklQ Ifl0fs 5 eGg] cfzo dxfslj bj] sf6] fsf] /xs] f] 5 . kj\" j{ Stf ;fyLn] c¿nfO{ cflys{ ;xof]u ubf{ kfOg] v';L cnf}lss x'G5 eGg'eof] t/ d pxfsF f] o; ljrf/k|lt k0\" f{ c;xdt 5' . vf;df Tof] v';L t b'lgofsF f cufl8 d}n] olt ;xofu] ug{ ;sF] eGg] 3dG8sf] kb| zg{ L dfq xf] . ;DklQn] dflg;nfO{ ;Gt'li6 lbg'kg]{ xf] t/ o;sf] l7s pN6f] xG' 5 . egfO g} 5, ;DklQn] s;}nfO{ 8sf/ cfpFb}g . ;DklQn] dflg;nfO{ emg\\emg\\ c;Gt'i6 agfp5F . w/] } wgbfn} t ePsfnfO{ cfˆgf] ;DklQ gfz xfn] f ls, s;n} ] rf/] Ln6' L n}hfnf ls eGg] lrGtf ylkG5 . To;}n] pm 9'Ssn] lgbfpg ;Sb}g . p;nfO{ slxns] fxLF t ;ae} Gbf glhssf dfG5;] Fu klg cljZjf; nfU5 . o:tf s'/fx¿n] p;df ljleGg lsl;dsf zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s /fu] x¿ nfU5g\\ . o;sf] ljk/Lt, :j:y z/L/df :j:y ljrf/ knfp5F . :j:y dflg;n] cfkm\" nfO{ rflxg] ;DklQ sdfpg sfd ug{ ;S5 . Joj;fo ug,{ pBfu] snsf/vfgf rnfpg tyf hflu/ vfg klg :jf:Yo /fd|f] x'gk' 5{ . >Ldfg\\ ;efWoIf Û d]/f] ljrf/df ;DklQeGbf :jf:Yo dxŒjk\"0f{ x'G5 . ;+;f/sf] s'g} klg 74 gk] fnL, sIff ^

wgbf}ntn] :jf:Yo lsGg ;lsbF g} . zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ¿kn] tGb'?:t JolStn] dfq k|z:t ;DklQ sdfpg ;S5 . o;sf] cy{ ;DklQ :jf:Yosf] kl5 kl5 bf}8g] s'/f xf] . dfgj hLjgsf] v';Lsf] ;a}eGbf dxŒjk\"0f{ ;f| t] egs] f] :jf:Yo xf] . dfG5] Tolt a]nf ;a}eGbf v';L x'G5, hlt a]nf cfkm\" n] rfx]sf] s/' f ug{ p;sf] :jf:Yon] ;fy lbG5 . dfG5n] ] rfx\\of] eg] afNosfnb]lv a9' ;] sfn;Dd cfˆgf] :jf:Yo tGb?' :t /fVg ;S5 t/ ;DklQ dfG5s] f] jzdf xF'b}g . ;DklQ t afx\\o kl/l:yltdfly lge{/ xG' 5 . hgfp 3G6L aH5 . ;efWoIf dxfb] o, To;n} ] xfdLn] bl' gofdF f ;DklQsf dflns /xs] f dfG5x] ¿ 6f6 kN6/] ;8s5fk ags] f] bv] s] f klg 5fF} . To:t} sltko dflg;x¿ s]xL lbgs} cGt/fndf wgL, pBfu] klt ags] f] klg bv] ]sf 5f}F . To;}n] ;DklQ cfkm\\gf] jzdf /xbF }g t/ :jf:Yo cfkmn\" ] jzdf /fVg / lg/f]uL /xg ;lsG5 . o;y{ ;DklQeGbf :jf:Yo 7'nf] xf] eGb} cfˆgf ljrf/x¿ cGTo ub{5' . wGojfb Û sfo{jm| d ;~rfns d':tkmf cfndnfO{ ah] f]8 k|:tl' tsf nflu wGojfb . d ljkIfaf6 cfˆgf ts{ /fVg ^ sIffsL 5fqf ;l/:df k|hfkltnfO{ lgDTofpF5' . ;l/:df k|hfklt >Ldfg\\ ;efWoIf, lg0ff{ossf] el\" dsfdf /xgx' 'g] u?' hg, cfb/0fLo lzIfs ju{ tyf k|ltofu] L / d/] f ;Dk0\" f{ ljBfyL{ ;fyLx¿df xflbs{ clejfbg Û ;DklQeGbf :jf:Yo 7n' f] eGg] cfhsf] jfbljjfb kl| tofl] utfdf d ljifosf] ljkIf cyft{ \\ ;DklQ 7'nf] eGg] kIfaf6 afN] b} 5' . ;DklQ eg]sf] s;}sf] lghL clwsf/df /xs] f] wg jf bf}nt xf] . PZ] jo{ jf je} j xf] . o:tf] ;DklQjfnf dflg;x¿ h'g b]zdf w/] } xG' 5g,\\ Tof] gk] fnL, sIff ^ 75

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