دروس مادة اللغة الالنجليزية للفصل الثاني سنة ثالثة ثانوي

Grammar 1- The Simple Present Look at these sentences A brand name tells everyone who the company is, what it stands forand what customers get when buying its products or services. A good brandname goes along with a slogan .KEEP IN MINDThe present simple is used to express habitual actions,natural and scientific laws and simple facts.Regular and irregular verbs form the simple present tense with ‘s’ ( or ‘es’ ) inthe third singular person ( He, She, It ).We use do/does (not) + infinitive for negatives and questions e.g.: A brand name goes along with a slogan. Does it go along with a song? It does not go along with a song.Activity 1: Complete these questions and their answers:1. ....... Nike support political parties?- No, it doesn’t, but it ........... athlets. 2. ............. the brand name Nike ……….. the founder`s name? - No, it ............., but it refers to The Greek goddess of victory.

3. ........... Nike companies ................. their workers good wages?- No, ...................., but they offer them very low wages. 4. ............. Labour activists .................... the brand name with human rights? - No, they ....................., but they associate it with slave labour.Activity 2: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form: (you/know) ............... R S P C A? The R S P C A (be) .... the oldest animal welfare organization. We (work) ................ to promotekindness and to prevent cruelty to animalsthroughout England and Wales. Every year we (find) ......... new homesfor about 80,000 animals, we (treat) ........... over200,000 sick animals and we (investigate).................... over100,000 complaints of cruelty.

We also (work) ............... for the welfare of animals in the wild. We (be) ...... the world experts atcleaning birds that have been damaged in oil spills. We (not approve) of ......... experiments that cause pain and suffering to animals used in research laboratories. Our organization (not receive) ......... any aid from the government. Please give generously.2. Countable and uncountable nounsa)- Countable nouns are things that can be counted. 9 They have a plural form 9 They can be used with a / an e.g.: a poster Î posters an elephant Î elephants a product Î products a child Î children Before a countable noun, we can also use some, many, a few of... e.g.: Some consumers take part in a survey. Many suggestions have been made. A few people attended the meeting.* Remember to use a / an for jobs. e.g.: He works as a shop assistant in a store. Do you work? Yes, I am an electrician.

b)- Uncountable nouns are things that cannot be counted. 9 They have no plural form 9 They cannot be used with a / ane.g.: I love listening to music. Paper is made from wood.Activity 3: Countable or uncountable? Classify these nouns in the table below.consumption – programme – organization – work – wool – market – mankind –product – crop – urgency – game – card – advertising – resource – oil – tool –gold – pile – means – happiness – justice Countable Uncountable………………………… …………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ……………………Activity 4: Sometimes uncountable and countable have similar meanings. Can you put these words in pairs (one countable, one uncountable) to complete the table below?

advertisement - baggage - coin - table - bread - flat - publicity - loaf - traffic - suitcase - work furniture - money - job - accommodation - cars - Countable Uncountablee.g.: job work ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… …………………………Activity 5: Use a/an before countable nouns and ø beforeuncountable nouns.1. People in the South of Algeria drink ...... tea rather than .... coffee.2. I sent ..... a letter two months ago but didn`t get ..... answer.3. Can I ask you ….. question?4. An officer has ….. authority over the soldiers.5. ….. diabetes is ….. disease in which ….. sugar and ..... starchy foods cannot be properly absorbed.6. He spoke for ….. hour without ….. note.

WRITING Activity 1: Test your brand ability Can you match each of these famous slogans with a brand name? a. APPLE1. Have you ever had a bad time in……………………? b. M & M`s2. It’s the real thing. c.KODAK d.KELLOG3. It melts in your mouth- not in e-LEVI`S your hand!”4. The power to be your best.5. The best to you each Morning.1.f 2. ... 3. ... 4. ... 5. ... Activity 2: Do you generally buy products with brand names on them? Why or why not?………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SEQUENCE II :The Basics of Consumer Behaviour1 - Reading comprehension2 - Pronunciation3 - Word Building4 - Grammar5 – Writing

Reading Comprehension Read the text below then do the activities: The Basics of Consumer Behaviour The study of consumer behaviour examines all aspects of consumersfeelings, thoughts and reasons for making particulardecisions in purchasing products or services, and also how consumers use anddispose of products. A consumer’s beliefs or practices may be influenced byfamily and friends, by religious beliefs, by cultural attitudes, by socialexpectations, by professional standards, by advertising appeals, or by anycombination of these factors. The most obvious application for knowledge of consumer behaviour is marketing strategy; for instance, understanding that a large number of consumers are on low-carbohydrate diets has led to anincreasing number of products that are labeled as “Low Carb”.

But the study of consumer behaviour also has a lot of repercussions on - public policy (allowing government agencies to make regulations to protect consumers), - social marketing (promoting ideas to encourage people to act in their own best interest, such as wearing seatbelts), - and consumer education (teaching consumers to be smart shoppers by buying in bulk to save money or avoiding a product that has been treated with dangerous pesticides). Marketers may examine consumer behaviour using either primary orsecondary research. Primary research is conducted by asking a lot of consumersto answer survey questions, either by mail, internet, telephone, or in person. Mailsurveys are useful because they are inexpensive and may ask as many questionsas desired. Internet surveys can be cheap to set up, but exposure to a great deal ofaggressive advertising has made many consumers resistant to this method. Adapted from the Advertopedia Staff

Activity 1: Are these statements true (T) or false (F)1. A consumer’s attitude can influence his family andfriends to buy a product. ...........2. A big number of “Low Carb” products have beenproduced for people on diets. ...........3. Buying in bulk is more advantageous for consumers……4. Marketers have to answer a lot of questions insurveys…..5. Consumers prefer internet surveys because they arecheap . .....Activity 2: Answer these questions according to the text:1. What are the factors that may influence a consumer’s behaviour?................................................................................................. 1. List the fields on which the study of consumer behaviour has repercussions..................................................................................................Activity 3: Lexis a)- Find in the text words that are closest in meaning to:- comportment (§1) ........................- evident (§ 2) .......................- example (§2) ........................- laws (§2) ........................ b)- Find in the text a word or expression that corresponds to this definition:- buying in large amounts, often at reduced price.: .............Activity 4: What do the underlined words in the text refer to?... of these factors. Î ......................... resistant to this method. Î ......................

PronunciationSpelling: Silent lettersMany words contain letters that are not pronounced.The following letters are not pronounced:- final b in Climb tomb- final n in Autumn column- l before k Walk chalk- l before d Could world- l before f Half calf-w before r Write wrist- p before s psychology psychiatrist- k before n Know knife- initial h Honour honest- g before n Foreign resignActivity 1: Underline the silent letters in these words: would knight comb hymn psalm Bomb design wrong balk yolkActivity 2: Other letters are not pronounced. Underline them. Check with a dictionary.sword Wednesday weigh often mnemonic chorusstraight Mechanic whistle yacht yawn

Word Building - Formation of adjectives We can form adjectives with suffixes such as -al Î culture / cultural -ous Î religion / religious -ful Î Use / useful -ive Î expense / expensive -ing Î increase / increasingActivity 1: Write the adjectives derived from these words. Classify them in the table belowbiology - radioactivity - impression - courage - respect - help politics -advantage - industry - grow - creation - interest-ful -ous -al -ing -ive- .............. - .............. - .............. - .............. - ..............- .............. - .............. - .............. - .............. - .............. - .............. - ..............Activity 2: Complete each sentence with an adjective from the table above1. It is really ........................ to live in a big town. There are schools, libraries and big shops.2. Genetically manipulated food doesn’t preserve our .......... diversity.

3. After the accident at the plant, the area proved to be ............... and wasevacuated.4. The novel was so ................ that it was made into a film.5. A lot of changes were brought about by mechanical inventions during the .......... revolution in the 18th and early 19th centuries.6. Nowadays the young are not as ..................... to the adults as their parents were.7. Everyone admired the pianist’s .................... performance yesterday.8. A ............... number of students are interested in learning English.9. The opening of private companies have allowed the ......... creation of new jobs.10. John saved the child from drowning into the river. On behalf of all thecitizens, the mayor congratulated him for his ...................... act.

Grammar1. Quantifiers ♦ We use many, a great number of with plural countable nouns. e.g.: A large number of consumers are on low-carbohydrate diets. In affirmative statements, we use a lot of instead of many. ♦ We use much ( = a great deal of) with uncountable nouns. e.g.: Exposure to a great deal of advertising has made consumers resistant to Internet surveys. In affirmative statements, we use a lot of instead of much. e.g.: Consumers have to show a lot of patience when they participate in surveys.Affirmative Countable Uncountablestatements a large number (of) a lot (of) a great deal (of)Negative many muchstatementsActivity 1: Use many or much1. ...................... articles are not available in the store nowadays.2. There isn’t ...................... security in this job.3. I’m afraid, I don’t have ...................... experience; you should ask someone else.4. You don’t make ...................... efforts to improve your results.5. We haven’t got ...................... time to visit her.

Activity 2: Complete the following sentences with: a large number of/ many/ a great deal of/ or much (a) .................................. people suffer from drought and famine inAfrica. There hasn’t been (b) ..................... rain in some parts for years. Therehave been no crops and (c)................. animals have died. (d) .......................... refugees are pouring from villages into the towns in their desperate search for food. These African countries don’t have (e) .......... money so (f) ......................... nations are sending food and medical supplies, but their efforts are drops in the ocean. (g) .............................. food isneeded very quickly and(h) .............................. tents, clothes and blankets should besent to help these people.We use TOO MANY + countable nouns and TOO MUCH + uncountable nouns to say more than enough.

Activity 3: Choose the correct answer 1.There were (too many/ too much) people. We couldn’t get into the park to listen to the concert.2. We didn’t enjoy our walk in the forest on Sunday morning because it was freezing and there was (too many/ too much) wind. 3. I couldn’t find my keys as there was (too many / too much) disorder in the room. 4. There is (too many/too much) advertising for cigarettes although tobacco seriously damages health.5. We were offered (too many/ too much) pieces of cheese; we didn’t know what to choose.

Activity 4: Complete with too many or too much 1. I’ll never spend my holiday at the seaside; there are ................. tourists andI don’t like that.2. There is ................... noise here; I can’t work.3. She has put on .........................weight; none of her clothes can fit her.4. He will have serious health problems, he smokes ............... cigarettes a day.5. ................... violence on TV leads to aggressiveness.6. There are ................... accidents on the rods caused by ..................... carelessness.2- Modals Modals are used before other verbs. They have no infinitives and arealways followed by infinitives.May and might are used to express possibility. eg.: What kind of car are you going to buy? I’m not sure, but I may / might buy a Clio.Might suggests a weaker possibility. eg.: Ann may be at home. (perhaps at 50% chance). Sue might be there, too. (a smaller chance).Note the difference between may / might not and can’t.eg.:The match may/might not finish before ten(=perhaps it won’t).The match can’t finish before ten. (=it’s not possible).Activity 5 Complete these sentences. Use may or might to express possibility.1- If you don’t study hard, you (fail) ........................ the test.2- If you don’t drive carefully, you (have) .................... an accident.3- If you don’t exercise, you (feel) ........................... unfit.4- If you lose your job, you (find) .................. it difficult to meet ends.5- If you eat too much, you (be) .......................... sick.

Activity 6: Complete these sentences with can’t + a suitable verb.1. You’ve just had dinner. You .........................................2. I know he is joking. He .................................................3. You’ve just woken up and it’s 9.30 am. You..................4. There’s the doorbell! I think it’s dad. It ........................................ dad; he ....................................5. She doesn’t speak English. She ..........................................Activity 1: WRITING Summarize the reading passage. Remember9 Collect the main points.9 Do not give examples9 Use linking words (connectors) to write sentences.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Activity 2: Do advertisements always tell the truth? Justify. Give examples .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

SEQUENCE III:Can Sustainable Consumption Create Sustainable Production 1 - Reading comprehension 2 - Pronunciation 3 - Word Building 4 - Grammar 5 – Writing

Reading activities Read this extract from a speech made at the InternationalConference on Consumption safety and Protection in Kaohsiung, Taiwan onNovember 18- 19 2004.Speech made by Bengt Ingerstam, President of the Swedish ConsumerCoalition.Can Sustainable Consumption Create Sustainable Production? Why have I chosen this subject for my speech? It is because I believe that consumers must be actively involved and notstay passive, waiting for a better world. Producers produce what they want anduse publicity to force us to buy their articles. This is not good for a sustainabledevelopment since advertising invites people to buy wrong things or just buymore than they need. The main goal of the market should be to satisfy the needs of the consumers. However, it has become a place where it is possible to earn money stimulating people to buy for satisfying abstract and created needs. That is not the growth we need. The growth we need is an increase in efficiency: we want to get more out of less energy, better quality and less need for repair and a higher satisfaction rate from what we consume.

Why should we, as citizens and consumers, remain only a source ofmoney, a buying power? For the benefit of whom? Consumers all around the world have said ‘No’ to G. M geneticallymodified food as an example. We are aware that we need to conserve thebiological diversity to survive and we don’t want to give all this in the hands ofprofit thirsty multinationals.Sustainability therefore starts with the basic consumer needs, including thebiological diversity, equity and the fair sharing of resources. It also demandstaking care of oceans, sea and of soil because they are big collectors of solarenergy. We also need clean air for all life on earth to survive. That issustainability. So spending less will have a double effect both financially andenvironmentally. It is a matter of survival and if we do not survive, there will beno consumption that creates production. As a result, let’s count on the consumersfor a sustainable future. Thank you for your attentionUnfamiliar word : *To sustain: keep up, maintain, support, enable to continueActivity 1: Answer these questions1.What should the consumers attitude be according to theorator?...............................................................................................2. What are the effects of the industrial expansion?................................................................................................3. List some of the aims for people to create sustainable production?.................................................................................................

4. What is meant by sustainability?.................................................................................................Activity 2: The orator says that the development of industry has pushed people to buy articles they don’t really need. In which paragraph is this idea mentioned? ....................................................................................Activity 3: Find in the text words that are closest in meaning to:- concerned ( § 1) ................... - oblige (§1) ...................- purpose (§ 2) .................. - rise (§3) ...................Activity 4: Match the words in A with their opposites in B A B1. better a)- identical2. costly b)- recession3. different c)- drawback4. expansion d)- reduction5. abstract e)- cheap6. fair f)- worse7. increase g)- concrete8. advantage h)- unjust1. ... 2. ... 3. ... 4. ... 5. ... 6. ... 7. ... 8. ...

PronunciationWord stress♦ To understand word stress helps to understand syllables. Every word is made of syllables: it can have one, two, three or more syllables.♦ A syllable is a group of letters containing at least one vowel. Here are some examples:1 syllable 2 syllables 3 syllables 4 syllables 5 syllablesBook Meaning telegraph comfortable organization♦ The syllable which is stressed is pronounced longer and louder than the others.♦ The syllable which is stressed is marked with an apostrophe (١) before. e.g.: ‘history pres١tige demo١craticActivity 1 : Read these words stressing the syllables marked with (١) Gradation / ɡrə١deiʃən / Analyze /١ænəlaiz/ pursuit /pə١s ju:t/ Inherit /in١herit/ electronic gymnastics /i١lektrɑnik/ /dʒim١nætiks/Activity 2 : Read these words after putting the stress in the correct place. Check with a dictionary.Medium Packet publicity sufficientRegard pronunciation community behaviourauthority attraction grammatical terrible

Word BuildingWe can form some adjectives with: Noun + suffix -Y e.g.: rain Î rainy dust Î dustyActivity: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate adjective (in y) formed from the nouns storm - hand - heart - guilt - blood - dirt1. The two boys fought with rage; one had a black eye and the other a ............. nose.2. A good tool-box is a ................ thing to have in the house. 3. He was finally found .......... of having killed his neighbour.

1. The ships didn’t leave the port as the weather was .......................5. During his visit to Algeria, Zidane was given a ............ welcome everywhere. 6. The melting snow made the roads ......................

Grammar- Connectors ♦ Connectors or linking words are words that are used to unite, connect, connect two sentences e.g.: - We must take care of the oceans, the seas and the soil because they are big collectors of solar energy.- We need to conserve the biological diversity to survive. ♦ We use connectors to express: cause, effect, purpose, contrast, concession, condition, etcCause/reason because / as / since + subject + verb + ... because of / due to + (adjective) + nounConsequence/effectPurpose so / therefore / consequently / as a result / that`s whyContrast/oppositionConcession to / in order to / so as to / + infinitiveCondition so that he / she ... but/unlike/ while = whereas / on the contrary on the one hand ... on the other hand although (though) + subject + verb + ... despite = in spite of + (adjective) noun ... if / unless / provided (that) / as long as /Activity 1: Complete each gap with the appropriate connector chosen from the boxunless - because of - although - on the contrary - since - in order to -therefore - in spite of - whereas - so that1. He is not a bad guy; ............................ he’s quite nice.2. The burglar was caught red-handed, and was .................... put in prison.3. Open the window .............. we might have some fresh air.4. .............................. he is very old, he is still quite strong.

5. You won’t speak English correctly ............................. you learn your grammar.6. I enjoyed the film .............................. she hated it.7. The miners went on strike ............................. they had too many ............................. grievances.8. .............................. the noise, he went on working.9. She married him .............................. his wealth.10. He works hard ......................... improve his family’s living conditions.Activity 2: Complete with the appropriate linking word 1. They will continue to demonstrate ............... they get satisfaction.2. Workers in Asia are a cheap labour force .................. those in Western Europe.

3. He was badly injured in the accident; .............. he was taken to hospital. 4. They go jogging every day ........... feel fit.5. ............. you visit Ireland in March, you will see the parade on St Patrick’s day. 6. It hasn’t rained for months ............... the river level has decreased.

7. You can go biking all over he country ............ your bike has good brakes.8. The Chinese prefer riding bikes .......................... preserve the environment.9. ............... the high temperatures in Dubai, the swimming pools are freshened.

10. A lot of people get easily ill ............ rubbish disposed of near their homes.Activity 3: Combine these pairs of sentences using the linking word between brackets.1. We tried hard. We failed. ( although) .................................................................................................2. She sings quite well. Her sister can’t. ( whereas ) .................................................................................................3. He became a veterinary. His father objected to it. .................................................................................................4. He won’t be released. He has to prove his innocence. (unless ) .................................................................................................5. I lent her my car. I wanted to help her. ( in order to ) .................................................................................................6. He phoned the police. He wanted to report a crime. ( because) .................................................................................................7. I could hardly get any sleep. I took a mint infusion. (therefore) .................................................................................................8. Skikda lies on the Mediterranean coast. Tlemcen is an inland town ( unlike ) .................................................................................................

WRITING Activity 1: from the box:Fill in each gap with the correct wordparts - consumption - environmentalfrom - way - increase - used - made Too much has been done to destroy water, land, soil and air. We knowit as (a)................................ problems, but it is also a problem of industrialgrowth and forced (b) .............................. of consumption. Let’s take a fewexamples: Every second in the developed (c)........................ of the world, 252tons of fossil fuel of iron are taken out (d) .............................. mines, 51 tons ofcement are used, 1,400 cars are (e) ............... and 4oo,ooo kwh are produced aselectricity. A good (f).................... of decreasing the nsustainable environmentalsituation is obviously to decrease (g) .............Activity 2: What is sustainable consumption? Give examples.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

SEQUENCE IV: BUY NOTHING DAY1 - Reading comprehension2 - Pronunciation3 - Word Building4 - Grammar5 – Writing6 – Final Project

Reading Comprehension Read the text below then do the activities: BUY NOTHING DAY On November 29th, thousands of activists and concerned citizens in 65countries will take a 24- hour consumer detox as part of the annual Buy NothingDay, a global phenomenon that originated in Vancouver, Canada. From joining marches through malls to organizing credit cardcut-ups,Buy Nothing Day activists aim to challenge themselves, their families and theirfriends to switch off from shopping for one day. The even is celebrated as afamily holiday, as a non-commercial street party, or even as a public protest.Anyone can take part provided they spend a day without spending. Reasons for participating in Buy Nothing Day are varied. Some peoplewant to escape from the marketing mind games. Others use it to complain aboutthe environmental consequences of over-consumption. Two recent disaster warnings outline the sudden urgency of our dilemma. In October, a global warning report predicted that climate change will lead to the most massive market failure the world has ever seen. Soon after, a study published in the journal Science forecast the total collapse of global fisheries within 40 years. Kalle Lasn, co-founder of Adbusters Media Foundation which wasresponsible for turning Buy Nothing Day into an international annual event, said,

“ We must protect our environment from an ecological collapse. Driving hybridcars and limiting industrial emissions are just band-aid solutions if we don’taddress the core problem. If we don’t consume less, the consequences will bedisastrous for or environment. This is the message of Buy Nothing Day.ctivity 1: Choose the best answer (a, b or c) to complete these sentences.1. On Buy Nothing Day, activists a). use only credit-cards when doing their shopping. b). do all their shopping in Vancouver. c). have to keep away from shopping.2. A lot of people participate in this event because a). there are a lot of games. b). they are conscious of the risks of over-consumption. c). the articles are sold at a reduced price.3. The message conveyed by Buy Nothing Day celebration is: a). over-consumption leads to the destruction of our environment. b). there are no solutions to the problem of over- consumption. c). over-consumption is the solution to environment problems.Activity 2: Answer these questions according to the text:1. How do activists express their refusal to buy? .................................................................................................2. List two reasons why people participate in Buy Nothing. Day. .................................................................................................

3. What does Kalle suggest as a solution to the deterioration of the environment? .................................................................................................Activity 3: Match words in A with their definitions in B AB1. detox (detoxication) a)- suggest that somebody should do something especially when you think they might be unwilling to do it.2. band-aid b)- the heart or the inner part of anything.3. challenge c)- treatment given to people to help them stop4. core doing something. d)- a thing used as a temporary solution.Activity 4: What or who do the underlined words refer to?... challenge themselves ... Î .................................. provided they spend ...Î .................................. Others use it ... Î .................................. our dilemma ... Î ...............................

PronunciationSentence stress ♦ Sentence stress gives English its rhythm ♦ Sentence stress is accent on certain words within a sentence ♦ Content words are stressed because they carry the meaning whereas structure words are not stressed. 9 Content words are nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and negative auxiliary verbs. 9 structure words are pronouns, articles, prepositions, conjunctions and auxiliary verbs. e.g. : The athletes have been training for a long time to enter the competition. ♦ These rules are for neutral normal stress. Sometimes we can stress a word that is a structure word, for example when we want to correct information. e.g.: Is this your book? No, it isn’t my book; it’s hers.Activity 1: Read these sentences. The stressed words are underlined. a)- Fish or meat? b)- When did he arrive? c)- She works a lot. Now read the following sentences. Are they like examples a)-, b)-, or c)-? Write the letters in the spaces provided.1. Pass me the salt .............2. How will they come. .............3. Tea or coffee. .............4. I’ll call the police. .............5. Fruit and vegetables. .............6. What do you prefer? ............7. She teaches at university. ............8. Why should he phone? ............

Word BuildingVerbs followed by prepositionse.g.: Some people participate in Buy Nothing day because they want to escape from the marketing games. Others use it to complain about the environmental consequences of over-consumption. 9 These prepositions are used after certain verbs: at - of - on - from - to - with - for - inActivity 1: Can you find the right preposition for each of the following verbs- suffer .......... - refer ..........- accuse .......... - fill ..........- depend .......... - listen..........- pay .......... - prevent ..........- deal .......... - look ..........- apologize .......... - wait ..........- take care .......... - consist ..........Activity 2: Complete the following sentences with the correct verbs from the list given in activity 1:1. The happiness of a country must ............... in the freedom and well-being of its citizens.2. Before meeting the manager, you have to ................. in an application form.3. All the texts we are studying at present ................ with he history of South Africa.

4. Millions of people .................. from hunger and disease in Africa, Asia and Latin America.5. ...................... for me, please. I’m coming with you.6. He was sentenced to preventive custody to ................ him from committing further crimes.7. Children ...................... on their parents for food and clothing.8. “Many people are dishonest” “ Does this remark ...................... to Tom?”Activity 3: Complete the following sentences using: take care of - dream of - wait for - suspect of - prevent from - congratulate on 1. The police search everybody because they ...................... them ...................... carrying arms. 2. The passengers had to ................... the fog to clear before they could leave the airport.

3. Nurses ...................... patients. 4. Everybody wanted to ............... him ......... his being appointed at the head of the business. 5- When they were younger they used to .............. being pirates and Indians and to try all sorts of disguises. 6. The police had a hard time trying to ........... fans and journalists ... coming near the star.

Grammar 1)- The Gerund ♦ We call the “ –ing” form used as a noun the gerund. e.g.: - Eating too much makes one fat. - Smoking is forbidden in public places. ♦ The gerund can be used as 9 the subject of a verb. e.g.: Reading is my favourite hobby. 9 the object of a verb. e.g.: He began shouting at them. 9 the subject of a verb. ♦ We use the gerund after these verbs: like - dislike - love - hate - enjoy continue - begin - start - stop forget - remember - regret - need e.g.: She enjoys listening to rock music. They stopped talking when he entered the room. I regret having told you a lie. These curtains need washing. ♦ We use the gerund after prepositions: e.g.: I was tired of waiting and left. She entered the room without knocking at the door.Activity 1: Rewrite these sentences using the gerund: 1. To practise sport is a good habit. ...........................................................

2. To take infusions will relieve you .................................................... 3. To tidy your room helps you find your things easily. ........................ 4. To watch TV for hours is a waste of time. ............................................5. To travel by plane is thebest way not to waste time......................................... 6. To read is my favourite pastime. ...........................................

Activity 2: Match A with B; then write sentences using the correct preposition each time: at - of - by - without - for A B1. He was tired a- switching it off.2. You ought to be ashamed b- waiting for her and left.3. They were surprised c- having committed a theft.4. The burglars could easily d- listening to rock music. get into the house e- having been so rude with him.5. He was accused f- telling such lies. g- finding the house empty.6. Don’t clean the fridge h- climbing the tree near the7. I am fond window.8. You must apologize1. ... 2. ... 3. ... 4. ... 5. ... 6. ... 7. ... 8. ...1. ............................................................................................2. ............................................................................................3. .............................................................................................4. .............................................................................................5. .............................................................................................6. .............................................................................................7. .............................................................................................8. .............................................................................................

Activity 3: Complete the sentences with the appropriate verb from the box after using the right form. participate - be - win - hear - swim - have Thomas Green is fond of (a) ................... Last Tuesday he surprisedeverybody by (b) .................... a competition at his town swimming-pool. Ofcourse, he had never had the opportunity of (c).................... in a competitionefore. Whatwas amazing was that he had entered that competition without a coach to trainhim. His friends were very happy for him and congratulated him on................... the winner. On .......................... the news, his mother burst intotears.

2) - The Conditional – Type 1 Look at this example:- If we don’t consume less, the consequences will be disastrous for our environment. ♦ The type 1 conditional is used to express a possible condition and a probable result in the future. ♦ The condition clause: If ... can come at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. ♦ We form type 1 with: If + present simple Î will + infinitive (without to)Activity 4: Put the verbs between brackets in the correct tense1. If there (be) ....... nothing in the fridge, we (eat) ......... out.2. I (not wait) .................. for you if you (be) ............... late.3. If you (hurry) ..............., you (catch) ................. the train.4. I (do) ............. more work if you (not disturb) ............ me.6. Plants (grow) .......... quickly if you (water) ...............them regularly.7. They ( shoot) ................... him if he (moves).....................8. If you(follow) .................. my instructions, you (not get) ................... lost.

Activity 5: Match A with B. Then, write full sentences using the correct tense ABWhat will you do if1. you save some money? a. feel sick2. you arrive late at the b. ask for something else. office?3. you don’t like a meal at c. retire and have my own the restaurant? business.4. you eat a lot? d. ask my friend to lend me some.5. you lose your money? e. go on a trip.6. you earn a good salary? f. apologize to the manager.7. you don’t find your g. have a new set made. glasses?8. you lose your keys? h. not be able to read.1. ... 2. ... 3. ... 4. ... 5. ... 6. ... 7. h 8. ...e.g.: If I don’t find my glasses, I won’t (will not) be able to read.1) ......................................................................................2) ......................................................................................3) ......................................................................................4) ......................................................................................5) ......................................................................................6) ......................................................................................7) ......................................................................................

Activity 1: WRITING Reorder these sentences to get a coherent paragrapha)- and a transaction and distribution channel.b)- Unlike other media, the internet serves as both a communication channelc)- Consequently, consumers receive information, make purchases, and send payment all in the same place.d)- The internet is the newest media for advertising products or services......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Activity 2 : If Nothing Buy Day were organized in your country, would you participate? Give your reasons......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

FINAL PROJECTMake a survey on the impact of advertising on people ƒ Define advertising ƒ Why do manufacturers use advertising? ƒ Mention the effects of advertising on consumers, and particularly on the young. ƒ The relation between advertising and consumption. ƒ The danger of over-consumption and its effects on environment.……………………………………………………….………………….………………………………………………………………………………….….……………………………………………………………………………….….…………………………………………………………….…………………..….……

KEY ANSWERSSequence I : -Project code of Ethics1- Reading comprehension2- Pronunciation3- Word Building4- Grammar5- Keep in Mind6- Writing

Reading comprehension - The importance of EthicsActivity 1: a) – fairly b)- regardless c)- genderActivity 2: b). false c). true a). true e). false f). true d). trueActivity 3:1.unlawful 2. immoral 3.dishonest4. incompetence 5. improper 6. dishonourable- The Code of Business EthicsActivity 1:1. Violating the law can seriously … subject the Company to liability, and subject the employee to personal liability. 2. Employees avoid conflict of interest … that arise when an employee receives personal advantages as a result of his or her position with the company.3. It is each employee's responsibility to look out for and resolve unsafe situations.4. Each employee should strive for continuous improvement and … work with others to achieve the common goal of quality service.5. Each employee, has a responsibility to use company facilities and equipment for legitimate business purposes.6. Each employee, has a responsibility to hold all confidential information obtained from the Company or its customers.8. If an employee knows about or suspects misconduct, illegal activities, fraud, or violations of Company policies, he/she has a duty to report his/her concerns.

Pronunciation 8. c Activity 1: 2. liability 3. strive 4.courtesy 5. insure 6. disclose 7.awareness 8. comply Activity 2:1. d 2.g 3. e 4.b 5. f 6. h 7. a 2. liability 3. to strive 4.courteous 5. to ensure 6. to disclose 7. awareness 8. to comply Word BuildingActivity 1: a)- noun formation: 1. generosity 2. liable 3. courteous 5. communicative 6. dignity 7. flexible 8. injury 9.proper 10. poverty Activity 2: 1. efficient 2. courteous 3.flexible 4.communicative 5. generous 6. dignity 8.liability 9. proper Grammar 1. Present tenses: Activity 1: Sentences 2; 6; 8; 10; 11 are correct.1. Many employees want a raise.3. Our team is working on a new project.4. I think his computer is faster than mine.5. They own a large farm .7. Malaysia is experiencing a period of rapid economic growth.