รายงานการศึกษาภาวะถดถอยทางการเรียนรู้ ในสถานการณ์ Covid

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100 2 : n (Mean) M Standard deviation SD (p-value) p (Chi-square) df Degree of freedom b SE (Factor loading) t Standard error F t-test SC F-test GFI Completely standardize solution AGFI (Squared multiple correlation) Goodness of fit index) CFI RMSEA (Adjusted goodness of fit index) (Comparative fit index) SRMR (Root mean square error of approximation) DE IE (Standard root mean square residual) TE (Direct effect) Indirect effect (Total effect)

101 LL A_LL R_LL SRL C_SRL M_SRL B_SRL IMT IL_IMT ML_IMT ICT_IMT LE P_LE CON_LE CUL_LE TS P_TS ICT_TS HPI L_HPI H_HPI C_HPI

102 2.1 2. .1 %% % % %% % % % % % %) % % % % %% % %) % %% 4.1

4.1 103 n= 149 24.2 94 15.3 131 21.3 94 15.3 192 31.2 427 69.3 126 20.5 1 0.2 7 1.1 5 0.8 305 49.5 6 1.0 307 49.8 4 0.6 37 6.0 50 8.1 140 22.7 98 15.9 77 12.5 137 22.2 148 24.0 261 42.4 137 22.2 26 4.2 108 17.5 2 0.3 6 1.0 5 0.8 407 66.1 261 42.4 205 33.3 305 49.5 4 0.6 36 5.8 11 1.8 117 19.0 3 0.5 246 39.9 250 40.6 491 79.7 3 0.5 123 20.0 2 0.3 419 68.0 152 24.7 88 14.3 19 3.1 216 35.1 3 0.5 141 22.9 23 3.7 171 27.8 490 79.5 534 86.7 119 19.3 47 7.6 4 0.6 33 5.4 3 0.5

104 % % % % % %% % %) % % % % % % % % %) % % %% % 4.2

4.2 105 n= 136 24.3 122 21.8 118 21.1 105 18.8 170 30.4 332 59.3 99 17.7 1 0.2 20 3.6 10 1.8 261 46.6 7 1.3 299 53.4 261 46.6 16 2.9 65 11.6 102 18.2 78 13.9 92 16.4 126 22.5 71 12.7 247 44.1 123 22.0 26 4.6 167 29.8 2 0.4 5 0.9 16 2.9 291 52.0 222 39.6 264 47.1 291 52.0 5 0.9 33 5.9 11 2.0 82 14.6 3 0.5 279 49.8 197 35.2 470 83.9 2 0.4 89 15.9 1 0.2 380 67.9 154 27.5 83 14.8 18 3.2 183 32.7 5 0.9 114 20.4 3 0.5 180 32.1 447 79.8 498 88.9 99 17.7 55 9.8 14 2.5 7 1.3

106 % % % % % %% % % % % % % %) % % % %% %) %% % 4.3

4.3 107 n= 119 18.3 104 16.0 184 28.3 204 31.4 185 28.5 342 52.6 124 19.1 25 3.8 292 44.9 12 1.8 358 55.1 1 0.2 93 14.3 73 11.2 144 22.2 49 7.5 129 19.8 71 10.9 85 13.1 164 25.2 199 30.6 267 41.1 25 3.8 476 73.2 1 0.2 172 26.5 73 11.2 2 0.3 283 43.5 64 9.8 302 46.5 305 46.9 42 6.5 280 43.1 22 3.4 1 0.2 1 0.2 405 62.3 562 86.5 218 33.5 86 13.2 24 3.7 2 0.3 3 0.5 153 23.5 172 26.5 525 80.8 114 17.5 120 18.5 210 32.3 2 0.3 1 0.2 3 0.5 597 91.8 50 7.7 3 0.5

108 %% % %% % % % % 43.4%) 90.6% % 33.0% %) %% % %% % 2% 25.5% 95.2% 4.4

4.4 109 n= 186 26.5 258 36.8 101 14.4 212 30.2 291 41.5 232 33.0 107 15.2 16 2.3 236 33.6 1 0.1 466 66.4 96 13.7 126 17.9 67 9.5 211 30.1 35 5.0 174 24.8 173 24.6 95 13.5 290 41.3 96 13.7 41 5.8 560 79.8 321 45.7 142 20.2 305 43.4 54 7.7 105 15.0 22 3.1 280 39.9 317 45.2 636 90.6 65 9.3 485 69.1 1 0.1 169 24.1 48 6.8 179 25.5 184 26.2 592 84.3 107 15.2 107 15.2 232 33.0 3 0.4 668 95.2 34 4.8

110 2.1. 4.5 4.5 (Learning loss) Mean SD 1. 1.87 2.78 2.68 2.70 2. 0.92 0.92 0.95 3. 4. 1.92 2.86 3.01 3.10 5. (0.68) 1.03 1.08 1.05 6. 1.96 2.95 2.87 2.95 7. (0.69) 1.00 0.97 1.00 1.91 2.86 2.74 2.65 (0.69) 0.98 0.97 0.95 1.84 2.84 2.59 2.56 (0.71) 1.06 1.09 1.13 1.77 2.79 2.52 2.51 (0.71) 1.08 1.04 1.04 1.86 2.81 2.58 2.51 0.69 1.04 1.00 1.02

4.5 111 8. Mean SD 2.1. 2.10 3.16 2.90 2.95 0.75 1.15 1.14 1.07 1.80 2.86 2.82 2.97 0.48 0.82 0.84 0.89 4.6

112 4.6 Mean SD (Information, media and technology skills: IMT) 2.21 0.48 Self-regulated learning: SRL 2.23 Teacher skills 0.47 Home-based parental involvement 2.49 0.50 Learning 2.43 environment) 0.50 2.30 0.48 2.2 2.2.1 4.7 4.1

113 4.7 (Learning loss) Mean SD 1. 1.87 0.67 2. 1.92 0.68 3. 1.96 0.69 4. 1.91 0.69 5. 1.84 0.71 6. 1.77 0.71 7. 1.86 0.69 8. 2.10 0.75 1.80 0.48 1. 1.86 0.67 2. 1.89 0.69 3. 1.91 0.70 4. 1.84 0.68 5. 1.95 0.73 6. 1.33 0.55 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Mean 1.87 1.92 1.96 1.91 1.84 1.77 1.86 2.10 4.1

114 4.8

115 4.8 n Mean SD F p t 406 1.872 0.676 0.453 0.501 0.320 / 205 1.854 0.648 0.673 0.713 0.978 1.691 407 1.939 0.680 0.178 0.758 2.715* / 204 1.897 0.676 0.677 2.625* 0.947 2.007* 407 1.993 0.704 0.001 0.452 3.289* / 205 1.893 0.663 0.535 1.105 0.026 0.060 407 1.963 0.699 0.095 / 205 1.805 0.642 406 1.894 0.728 0.174 / 204 1.735 0.657 406 1.808 0.718 0.004 / 204 1.686 0.680 405 1.921 0.699 0.567 / 202 1.728 0.647 406 2.131 0.750 0.386 / 203 2.059 0.755 407 1.797 0.500 4.989 / 205 1.795 0.452 * p < 0.05

116 4.9 0.05 4.9 n Mean SD SS df MS F 1) 117 1.838 0.694 1.316 2 0.658 1.486 -- 2) 245 1.922 0.658 269.697 609 0.443 3) 250 1.824 0.659 271.013 611 612 1.866 0.666 1.101 2 0.550 1.199 -- 279.442 609 0.459 1) 117 1.906 0.719 280.542 611 2) 246 1.976 0.651 3) 249 1.884 0.683 2.600 2 1.300 2.741 -- 289.380 610 0.474 612 1.925 0.678 291.980 612 1) 117 2.060 0.791 3.666 2 1.833 3.959* 1>3 2) 246 1.984 0.651 282.400 610 0.463 3) 250 1.888 0.673 286.065 612 613 1.959 0.691 1.772 2 0.886 1.773 -- 303.828 608 0.500 1) 117 2.009 0.749 305.601 610 2) 246 1.955 0.684 3) 250 1.820 0.643 613 1.910 0.684 1) 116 1.948 0.767 2) 245 1.833 0.725 3) 250 1.800 0.659 611 1.841 0.708

117 4.9 SS df MS F -- n Mean SD .568 2 0.284 0.567 304.430 608 0.501 1) 115 1.704 0.783 304.998 610 2) 246 1.780 0.706 3) 250 1.784 0.672 1.569 2 0.784 1.665 -- 611 1.768 0.707 284.982 605 0.471 1) 114 1.939 0.779 286.551 607 2) 246 1.874 0.661 3) 248 1.802 0.665 3.316, df1 = 2, df2 = 605, p = 0.037 608 1.857 0.687 5.498 2 2.749 4.911* 1>3 339.787 607 0.560 1) 115 2.235 0.753 345.285 609 2) 246 2.154 0.723 3) 249 1.996 0.770 1.163 2 0.581 2.489 -- 142.486 610 0.234 610 2.105 0.753 143.649 612 1) 117 1.863 0.512 2) 246 1.810 0.451 3) 250 1.747 0.499 613 1.795 0.484 * p < 0.05

118 2.2.2 4.10 4.2

119 4.10 Mean SD (Information, 2.21 0.48 media and technology skills: IMT) 2.22 0.54 Information literacy) 2.28 0.66 1. 2.27 0.66 2. 2.11 0.67 3. 2.27 0.54 2.30 0.63 Media literacy) 2.29 0.65 4. 2.21 0.66 5. 2.14 0.57 6. 2.26 0.67 Information, communication 1.99 0.68 and technology literacy: ICT) 2.17 0.73 7. 2.23 0.47 8. 9. 2.12 0.53 Self-regulated 2.13 0.59 learning: SRL 2.03 0.64 2.22 0.69 Cognitive 2.35 0.53 1. 2. 2.55 0.59 3. 2.20 0.67 2.32 0.66 Motivation 2.20 0.54 4. 5. 2.19 0.66 6. 2.16 0.66 2.24 0.68 Behavior 7. 8. 9.

120 4.10 Teacher skills Mean SD (Pedagogy) 2.49 0.50 1. 2.50 0.51 2. 2.48 0.61 3. 2.53 0.61 4. 2.45 0.62 2.53 0.59 Information and communication technology 2.48 0.61 skills: ICT) 5. 2.50 0.60 6. 2.45 0.62 Home-based parental involvement 2.43 0.50 1. 2.39 0.59 2. 2.46 0.66 2.32 0.66 3. 2.52 0.60 2.53 0.65 4. 2.52 0.64 5. 2.40 0.52 6. 2.15 0.71 2.48 0.67 7. Learning environment) 2.56 0.63 2.30 0.48 1. . 2.27 0.59 3. 2.28 0.65 2.28 0.71 2.26 0.74

121 4.10 Mean SD 4. 2.36 0.53 5. 2.45 0.68 6. 7. 2.32 0.65 8. 2.31 0.60 9. 2.28 0.53 2.18 0.67 2.40 0.63 2.28 0.69 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 Mean 2.21 2.23 2.49 2.43 2.30 4.2

4.11 122 4.11 0.05 n Mean SD F pt 407 2.176 0.467 2.594 0.108 -2.292* / 205 2.270 0.492 0.805 -1.766 0.686 0.389 407 2.203 0.472 0.061 0.458 0.110 / 205 2.274 0.477 0.504 -1.608 407 2.492 0.499 0.163 / 205 2.476 0.491 407 2.433 0.496 0.552 / 205 2.428 0.503 407 2.282 0.477 0.448 / 205 2.348 0.474 * p < 0.05 0.05 4.12

123 4.12 SS df MS F -- n Mean SD .250 2 0.125 0.549 138.980 610 0.228 1) 117 2.229 0.478 139.230 612 2) 246 2.183 0.438 3) 250 2.222 0.513 .421 2 0.211 0.938 -- 136.984 610 0.225 613 2.208 0.477 137.405 612 1) 117 2.229 0.455 .244 2 0.122 0.496 -- 2) 246 2.197 0.464 149.998 610 0.246 3) 250 2.255 0.492 150.242 612 613 2.227 0.474 7.746 2 3.873 16.422* 3>1 143.868 610 0.236 3>2 1) 117 2.510 0.507 151.614 612 2) 246 2.463 0.493 3) 250 2.499 0.494 2.705 2 1.352 6.050* 3>1 136.362 610 0.224 3>2 613 2.487 0.495 139.067 612 1) 117 2.269 0.544 2) 246 2.381 0.485 3) 250 2.558 0.456 613 2.432 0.498 1) 117 2.237 0.520 2) 246 2.257 0.464 3) 250 2.385 0.458 613 2.305 0.477 * p < 0.05

124 2.2.3 ICT_TS) P_TS) 348 ICT_IMT) H_HPI) 437 R_LL) 437 C_SRL) H_HPI) A_LL) 1) LE) P_LE) CON_LE) P_LE) CUL_LE) 2) TS) ICT_TS) P_TS) HPI) 3) C_HPI) H_HPI) L_HPI) H_HPI) C_HPI) 4) IMT) IL_IMT) ML_IMT) IL_IMT) ICT_IMT) 5) SRL) C_SRL) B_SRL) M_SRL) 0.424 C_SRL) LL) 6) R_LL) A_LL)

=5900.425 df=120 p=.000 125 Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO) Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin 4.13 0.5

4.13 A_LL R_LL C_SRL M_SRL B_SRL IL_IMT ML_IMT ICT_IM A_LL 1.000 R_LL 0.424* 1.000 C_SRL -0.409* -0.437* 1.000 M_SRL -0.294* -0.358* 0.670* 1.000 B_SRL -0.330* -0.390* 0.703* 0.673* 1.000 IL_IMT -0.332* -0.296* 0.680* 0.593* 0.613* 1.000 ML_IMT -0.352* -0.340* 0.657* 0.627* 0.584* 0.712* 1.000 ICT_IMT -0.317* -0.248* 0.542* 0.462* 0.507* 0.585* 0.573* 1.00 P_LE -0.242* -0.212* 0.502* 0.496* 0.536* 0.442* 0.418* 0.474 CON_LE -0.260* -0.248* 0.513* 0.536* 0.539* 0.503* 0.468* 0.491 CUL_LE -0.236* -0.302* 0.533* 0.552* 0.576* 0.475* 0.504* 0.416 P_TS -0.256* -0.329* 0.507* 0.563* 0.482* 0.493* 0.562* 0.371 ICT_TS -0.205* -0.286* 0.453* 0.498* 0.439* 0.450* 0.481* 0.398 L_HPI -0.182* -0.206* 0.427* 0.444* 0.419* 0.427* 0.359* 0.416 H_HPI -0.126* -0.205* 0.373* 0.465* 0.419* 0.400* 0.375* 0.348 C_HPI -0.197* -0.312* 0.486* 0.532* 0.514* 0.448* 0.426* 0.392 M 1.902 1.795 2.125 2.355 2.199 2.218 2.269 2.13 SD 0.559 0.484 0.526 0.528 0.545 0.542 0.544 0.56 2=5900.425 d * p < 0.05

126 n=615 MT P_LE CON_LE CUL_LE P_TS ICT_TS L_HPI H_HPI C_HPI 00 1.000 1.000 1.000 4* 1.000 0.741* 1.000 0.650* 1.000 1* 0.647* 1.000 0.367* 0.395* 0.650* 0.674* 2.398 6* 0.591* 0.642* 1.000 0.412* 0.416* 0.525 1* 0.419* 0.488* 0.571* 0.448* 0.440* 2.390 2.524 8* 0.434* 0.512* 0.530* 0.589 0.600 6* 0.417* 0.546* 0.385* 2.495 2.472 8* 0.456* 0.597* 0.445* 0.513 0.556 2* 0.449* 0.601* 0.494* 37 2.272 2.359 2.285 66 0.593 0.527 0.527 df=120 p=.000 KMO=0.937