รายงานการศึกษาภาวะถดถอยทางการเรียนรู้ ในสถานการณ์ Covid

172 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Mean 2.70 3.10 2.95 2.65 2.56 2.51 2.51 2.95 4.10 4-6 4.35

173 4.35 4-6 n Mean SD F p t 560 2.711 0.947 0.146 0.702 0.864 / 142 2.634 0.949 0.036 0.702 0.500 0.029 560 3.109 1.072 4.416 0.999 -0.996 / 141 3.043 0.985 0.970 -1.902 0.201 -0.034 560 2.946 1.008 0.456 0.123 -0.949 / 142 2.944 0.966 0.925 -0.500 0.650 -0.839 559 2.630 0.943 0.000 / 142 2.718 0.963 560 2.516 1.124 0.001 / 142 2.718 1.163 560 2.511 1.031 1.636 / 142 2.514 1.103 559 2.494 0.993 2.384 / 142 2.585 1.112 560 2.936 1.071 0.009 / 142 2.986 1.058 560 2.958 0.876 0.206 / 142 3.028 0.922 * p < 0.05

174 4-6 0.05 0.05 0.05 4.36 4.36 4-6 n Mean SD SS df MS F 1) 105 2.971 1.042 11.359 2 5.679 6.430* 1>2 2) 280 2.707 0.904 617.405 699 0.883 1>3 3) 317 2.593 0.935 628.764 701 702 2.695 0.947 12.574 2 6.287 5.729* 1>2 766.022 698 1.097 1>3 1) 105 3.410 1.007 778.596 700 2) 280 3.068 1.012 3) 316 3.016 1.091 2.753 2 1.377 1.380 -- 697.190 699 0.997 701 3.096 1.055 699.943 701 1) 105 3.067 1.012 2) 280 2.882 0.945 3) 317 2.962 1.040 702 2.946 0.999

175 4.36 SS df MS F n Mean SD 6.589 2 3.295 3.701* 2>3 621.379 698 0.890 1) 105 2.714 0.938 627.969 700 2) 280 2.743 0.949 3) 316 2.541 0.940 0.732 2 0.366 0.284 -- 900.489 699 1.288 701 2.648 0.947 901.221 701 1) 105 2.524 1.048 10.770 2 5.385 4.988* 2>3 2) 280 2.596 1.109 754.639 699 1.080 3) 317 2.533 1.184 765.409 701 702 2.557 1.134 8.492 2 4.246 4.135* 1>3 716.655 698 1.027 1) 105 2.600 0.986 725.147 700 2) 280 2.632 0.997 3) 317 2.375 1.091 9.184 2 4.592 4.059* 1>3 790.759 699 1.131 702 2.511 1.045 799.943 701 1) 105 2.676 0.893 0.346 2 0.173 0.220 -- 2) 280 2.582 0.958 548.955 699 0.785 3) 316 2.396 1.095 549.301 701 701 2.512 1.018 1) 105 3.181 1.099 2) 280 2.971 1.054 3) 317 2.845 1.061 702 2.946 1.068 1) 105 3.014 0.781 2) 280 2.949 0.897 3) 317 2.979 0.909 702 2.972 0.885 * p < 0.05

176 2.5.2 4-6 4.37 4.11

177 4.37 Mean SD 3.55 0.64 (Information, media and technology skills: IMT) 3.46 0.70 3.45 0.91 Information literacy) 1. 3.72 0.86 3.20 0.80 2. 3.49 0.69 3. 3.58 0.85 3.48 0.80 Media literacy) 3.42 0.90 4. 3.70 0.78 5. 6. 3.76 0.90 3.50 0.99 Information, communication 3.84 0.91 and technology literacy: ICT) 3.56 0.62 7. 8. 3.35 0.65 9. 3.27 0.69 Self-regulated 3.32 0.81 learning: SRL 3.48 0.81 Cognitive 1. 3.63 0.74 2. 3.76 0.84 3. 3.48 0.89 Motivation 3.67 0.87 4. 5. 6.

178 4.37 Mean SD Behavior 3.71 0.71 7. 8. 3.81 0.86 9. 3.66 0.88 3.64 0.90 Teacher skills (Pedagogy) 3.58 0.67 3.58 0.69 1. 3.54 0.82 2. 3.56 0.76 3. 3.49 0.82 4. 3.62 0.83 5. 3.71 0.81 6. 3.55 0.82 3.58 0.75 (Information and communication technology skills: ICT) 3.65 0.80 7. 3.51 0.82 8. 3.44 0.83 Home-based parental involvement 3.44 0.88 1. 3.40 1.00 2. 3.28 1.00 3. 3.54 1.08 4. 3.53 1.05

179 4.37 Learning Mean SD 5. 3.32 0.95 6. 3.63 1.04 7. 8. 3.32 1.08 9. 10. 2.99 1.11 11. 3.53 0.86 3.15 1.11 environment) 1. 3.81 1.03 . 3.29 1.10 3. 3.86 1.06 4. 5. 3.45 0.72 6. 3.59 0.81 7. 3.59 0.95 8. 3.57 0.97 9. 3.62 0.97 3.54 0.80 3.52 1.03 3.61 0.94 3.48 0.89 3.22 0.87 3.12 1.02 3.35 0.97 3.19 1.05

180 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 Mean 3.55 3.56 3.58 3.44 3.45 4.11 4-6 4.38

181 4.38 4-6 / n Mean SD F p t / / 560 3.565 0.651 0.568 0.451 1.268 / 142 3.488 0.609 / 560 3.584 0.617 0.488 0.485 1.687 0.05 142 3.487 0.608 560 3.599 0.677 0.209 0.647 1.429 142 3.509 0.664 560 3.438 0.835 0.067 0.796 .022 142 3.436 0.794 560 3.453 0.729 1.298 0.255 .337 142 3.430 0.681 4-6 4.39

182 4.39 4-6 SS df MS F n Mean SD 1) 105 3.405 0.617 3.630 2 1.815 4.430* 3>1 2) 280 3.530 0.629 286.356 699 0.410 3) 317 3.614 0.657 289.986 701 702 3.549 0.643 1.382 2 0.691 1.827 -- 1) 105 3.491 0.534 264.242 699 0.378 2) 280 3.540 0.642 3) 317 3.610 0.615 265.624 701 702 3.564 0.616 699, p = 0.008 1) 105 3.574 0.598 .140 2 0.070 0.154 -- 2) 280 3.598 0.684 3) 317 3.568 0.692 318.924 699 0.456 702 3.581 0.675 319.064 701 699, p = 0.257 1) 105 3.429 0.800 .017 2 0.008 0.012 -- 2) 280 3.443 0.787 478.808 699 0.685 3) 317 3.436 0.871 478.825 701 702 3.437 0.826 .853 2 0.426 0.824 -- 361.777 699 0.518 1) 105 3.369 0.649 362.630 701 2) 280 3.450 0.745 3) 317 3.473 0.719 702 3.449 0.719 * p < 0.05

183 2.5.3 4-6 4-6 H_HPI) 302 803 C_HPI) 302 ICT_TS) 803 H_HPI) 77 42 R_LL) ML_IMT) CUL_LE) 342 A_LL) H_HPI) 177 LE) 1) TS) C_HPI) P_TS) CON_LE) P_LE) ICT_TS) 780 4) 802 3) CUL_LE) 706 34 2) HPI) H_HPI) IMT) 803 677 5) 695 L_HPI) B_SRL) IL_IMT) ML_IMT) ICT_IMT) 683 SRL) 14 6) M_SRL) LL) C_SRL) A_LL) R_LL) 0.354 2=7473.301 df=120 p=.000 Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin 0.5 Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO) 21

184 4-6 4.40

4.40 A_LL R_LL C_SRL M_SRL B_SRL IL_IMT ML_IMT ICT_IM A_LL 1.000 R_LL 0.354* 1.000 C_SRL -0.320* -0.339* 1.000 M_SRL -0.275* -0.294* 0.677* 1.000 B_SRL -0.301* -0.288* 0.614* 0.683* 1.000 IL_IMT -0.326* -0.338* 0.636* 0.580* 0.555* 1.000 ML_IMT -0.304* -0.342* 0.618* 0.618* 0.576* 0.695* 1.000 ICT_IMT -0.309* -0.292* 0.542* 0.552* 0.577* 0.677* 0.682* 1.00 P_LE -0.268* -0.252* 0.469* 0.490* 0.574* 0.471* 0.509* 0.539 CON_LE -0.257* -0.295* 0.506* 0.540* 0.536* 0.478* 0.546* 0.522 CUL_LE -0.250* -0.342* 0.452* 0.385* 0.381* 0.381* 0.450* 0.324 P_TS -0.250* -0.281* 0.458* 0.526* 0.478* 0.447* 0.555* 0.467 ICT_TS -0.239* -0.281* 0.455* 0.488* 0.490* 0.444* 0.546* 0.459 L_HPI -0.177* -0.181* 0.438* 0.420* 0.432* 0.416* 0.385* 0.360 H_HPI -0.178* -0.233* 0.406* 0.353* 0.363* 0.347* 0.355* 0.302 C_HPI -0.238* -0.227* 0.408* 0.431* 0.452* 0.410* 0.399* 0.400 M 2.739 2.972 3.354 3.634 3.705 3.457 3.493 3.69 SD 0.740 0.885 0.655 0.736 0.709 0.699 0.690 0.78 Ba 2=7473.301 d * p < 0.05

185 n= MT P_LE CON_LE CUL_LE P_TS ICT_TS L_HPI H_HPI C_HPI 00 9* 1.000 2* 0.706* 1.000 4* 0.534* 0.673* 1.000 7* 0.481* 0.579* 0.528* 1.000 9* 0.482* 0.557* 0.526* 0.802* 1.000 0* 0.460* 0.529* 0.432* 0.416* 0.379* 1.000 2* 0.443* 0.581* 0.478* 0.421* 0.375* 0.794* 1.000 0* 0.527* 0.588* 0.427* 0.422* 0.386* 0.780* 0.803* 1.000 98 3.592 3.537 3.217 3.580 3.583 3.438 3.315 3.528 82 0.811 0.800 0.868 0.687 0.750 0.877 0.945 0.862 df=120 p=.000 KMO=0.921

186 b) .05 SC 3 1) LE) P_LE) CON_LE) CUL_LE) CON_LE) 0 923 LE) 85.2 2) TS) P_TS) ICT_TS) P_TS) 833 TS) 71.2 3) HPI) L_HPI) H_HPI) C_HPI) C_HPI) 955 HPI) 91.2 3 1) IMT) IL_IMT) ML_IMT) ICT_IMT) ML_IMT) 867 IMT) 75.1 2) SRL) C_SRL) M_SRL) B_SRL) B_SRL) 31 SRL) 69.0 3) (LL) A_LL) R_LL) R_LL) 606 (LL) 36.8

187 4.41 4.41 n= b SE t SC R2 b SE t SC R2 LE IMT P_LE 0.681 0.035 19.702* 0.841 0.706 IL_IMT 0.566 0.809 0.655 CON_LE 0.738 0.026 28.608* 0.923 0.852 ML_IMT 0.598 0.026 22.865* 0.867 0.751 CUL_LE 0.629 0.030 21.119* 0.727 0.528 ICT_IMT 0.645 0.030 21.672* 0.826 0.683 TS SRL P_TS 0.580 0.032 17.997* 0.844 0.712 C_SRL 0.819 0.670 ICT_TS 0.628 0.035 17.857 0.837 0.700 M_SRL 0.827 0.683 B_SRL 0.831 0.690 HPI LL L_HPI 0.821 0.027 30.862 0.937 0.878 A_LL 0.569 0.323 H_HPI 0.799 0.029 27.273 0.848 0.718 R_LL * 0.606 0.368 C_HPI 0.825 0.026 32.070 0.955 0.912 * p < 0.05 4-6 =65.930 df=51 p=.078 GFI=0.988 AGFI=0.969 CFI=0.999 RMSEA=0.020 SRMR=0.016 373 -0.256 .05 273 -0.148

188 .05 556 274 .05 .396 352 44.2 52.3 53.9 4.42 4.12

189 4.42 (n=702) IMT SRL LL IE TE DE IE TE DE IE TE DE 5 0.396* 0.396* LE) (3.677) (3.677) TS 0.556* 0.556* (10.417) (10.417) HPI -0.373* -0.373* (-3.243) IMT (-3.243) 256 256 SRL 0.523 0.539 0.442 =65.930 df=51 p=.078 GFI=0.988 AGFI=0.969 CFI=0.999 RMSEA=0.020 SRMR=0.016 * p < 0.05

=65.930 df=51 p=.07 GFI=0.988 AGFI=0 4.12

190 0.969 CFI=0.999 RMSEA=0.020 SRMR=0.016

191 16 LL SRL (IMT) LL (TS) LL HPI (IMT) SRL 4.43 4.43 1-3 4-6 1-3 4-6 SRL ---> LL SRL ---> LL SRL ---> LL SRL ---> LL (-0.537) (-0.310) (-0.514) (-0.256) TMT ---> LL TMT ---> LL (-0.313) (-0.373) TS ---> LL TS ---> LL TS ---> LL (-0.468) (-0.267) (-0.498) SRL ---> LL SRL ---> LL SRL ---> LL SRL ---> LL (-0.537) (-0.310) (-0.514) (-0.256) TMT ---> LL TMT ---> LL (-0.313) (-0.373) TS ---> LL (-0.200) HPI --->SRL--->LL LE --->TMT--->LL LE --->TMT--->LL (-0.198) (-0.134) (-0.148) TS --->SRL--->LL TS --->SRL--->LL TS --->SRL--->LL TS --->TMT--->LL TS --->TMT--->LL TS --->TMT--->LL (-0.191) (-0.298) (-0.273)

192 5 literacy ...

193 sheet on-hand worksheet Facebook

194 concept innovation concept platform concept concept

195 feedback ZOOM topic module ... feedback ... module class

196 ... double drop

197 online, on-demand on-hand on-hand EP ZOOM ZOOM ZOOM Meeting on-hand Line

198 Facebook link fix ... ...

199 goal setting observe monitor self-monitoring self-observation self-reaction A A A self- judgement

200 guide set happy happy

201 learning Loss ZOOM iPad iPad ----

202 learning loss Line application Line ZOOM

203 ZOOM ZOOM Line Line Line Line on-hand ... YouTube YouTube

204 happy

205 iPad ... sim card ... MOU , iPad internet , iPad ... support hardware software Google Meet ZOOM Google Meet MS Team support MS MS Team Team ZOOM design base

base 206 Active learning sheet Active learning , ... tablet

207 cheer up mindset back up back up Active learning Active learning

208 Active learning Active learning active Active learning active active active active support Active learning Passive learning action Active learning online on-site on-demand on-hand Active learning on-air on-demand on-hand

209 Google very source key word Google Google on-site on-site ... ...

210 request on-demand on-demand appointment shopping on-demand Platform open source Microsoft Team support support open Google Classroom step

211 on-site on-site Line Line Line Basic

212 shock ---- on- site key word focus find find present next normal

213 Line ... Line free time Line Line spec

join 214 Line Line YouTube Line ZOOM

215 survey interface upload on-demand

216 ---- new normal

217 .43 .44

218 5 : 1) ) 3) 2 1) 2) 1 12 4 616 560 650 702 2,528 5 3 - 2564 (Independent t test) (One way ANOVA) (Structural Equation Modelling: SEM)

219 2 28 -19: 1 1.1 : 1.2 1.2. 1) 3) 2) 4) 1.2.2